In the capitalist system, in which profit is the main target of the companies, since it is their oxygen and responsible for their survival in the market, companies are planning beyond reach him, care for the environment, mainly by charging society. Thus, the Federal Government must ensure that the actions taken by firms are also converged to the welfare of society and the planet. Conceptualizing tradeoff that is an expression that defines a situation where there is conflict of choice, forcing a choice, how to solve the issue of having financial results without harming the environment and contribute to the economic and social development of the country as well as in improving people's lives and a healthy planet through sustainable development. After the Real Plan, the Brazilian economy has become more stable and the automotive sector has become one of the most important sectors. This article aims to address the tradeoffs between corporate profit and care for the environment, contributing to the economic and social development of the country as well as the improvement of people's lives and a healthy planet through sustainable development in the automotive sector.


The longitudinal instability of space‐charge dominated beams in transport channels with complex wall impedances is studied. The dispersion equation, derived from the one‐dimensional Vlasov equation, characterizes the instability with all the relevant parameters including the space charge, the beam energy spread, the real and imaginary parts of the complex wall impedances. For a beam without energy spread, the growth rates of the instability in the different parameter ranges are discussed. The application of the theory to a resistive‐wall channel and to a channel with induction gaps is presented. For a beam with energy spread, Lorentzian and Gaussian distributions are treated and the results presented illustrate the dependence of the stable regions on the beam perveance, the energy spread and the wall properties.


Described are the technical performance parameters,main structure and testing of the PB alternate box car reformed from the existing B6 series ice-cooled car.


By using of the theory of damage mechanics, closed-form solution about predicting crack initiation life of a beam subjected to reverse bending which leads to large range damage is derived. The method of determining material constants in damage evolution equation is given. The approach to predicting crack initiation life of rectangular cross-section beam is discussed.


This research explores how state and federal policies impact housing inequalities, and how those housing inequalities impact quality of life for LGBT Americans. After the recent Supreme Court ruling in favor of same-sex marriage, housing inequality is one of the largest forms of discrimination that the LGBT community continues to face. This literature review examines information from thirteen peerreviewed publications to understand the legal barriers to housing equality as well as the effect these barriers have on members of this population. Motivation: My interest in this topic stems from my belief that access to housing is a basic human right. My research mentor, Dr. Lewinson, and I agreed on this topic due to our common interest in housing issues and my desire to understand and advocate for this underrepresented population. Methods: This research was conducted through a literature review. In this project I examine thirteen peer-reviewed publications that study the impact various policies have on housing equality. These studies also explore the effect that access to safe, secure, and affordable housing has on members of the LGBT population. Importance: This research is important because it provides a small glimpse into the challenges faced by LGBT individuals. This community is not provided the same protections as their peers when attempting to obtaining the secure, affordable housing that is an asset to their lives and development. Housing is a primary need essential to the health and happiness of citizens, therefore anything that threatens public access to housing should be studied and corrected. According to the Fair Housing Act of 1968, providers of housing are not permitted to deny living arrangements to individuals on the basis of race, religion, nationality, family status, age, handicap, or sex. Unfortunately, sexual orientation and gender expression are not included in this anti-discrimination act. In order to understand how to change current circumstances, research must be conducted and presented so that the public can be educated about this pressing issue.


This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm optimisation method with manufacturing constraints for shape optimisation of cold-formed steel (CFS) profiles. Previous studies on unconstrained shape optimisation of CFS crosssections, where the sole aim was to optimise the weight-to-capacity ratio of the profiles, yielded cross-sections that cannot be manufactured. Current coldforming processes, such as roll-forming and brake-pressing, have limited ability to form continuously curved surfaces without discrete bends. This paper defines simple manufacturing rules and introduces them into the evolutionary algorithm. Augmented Lagrangian constraint-handling technique, with equality and inequality constrained violations, is used to avoid ill-conditioned problems. The ability and accuracy of the algorithm to handle the defined manufacturing constraints are verified by implementing it to optimise the section capacity of bisymmetric closed thin-walled profiles, for which an analytical solution is known. 1 PhD Candidate, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Australia (email@example.com) 2 Senior Lecturer, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Australia (firstname.lastname@example.com) 3 Exchange undergraduate student, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Australia 4 Associate Professor, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Australia (email@example.com) 5 Senior Lecturer, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia (firstname.lastname@example.com) Twenty-Second International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, Missouri, USA, November 5 & 6, 2014


The spread between long-term and short-term interest rates is an excellent leading indicator of business-cycle fluctuations in Austria and Germany. A negative spread signals a slowdown in future growth; a positive spread indicates improved growth prospects. This finding may serve to substantially improve the quality of macroeconomic forecasts.


3-Metbyl-1-thiocarbamoyJpyrazoi-S·one (1) reacted with p-metbylpbenscyl bromide to gire 3-metbyl-1{4: tbiazol-2-yl)pyrazol-5-one (2). Compounds .l and Z were reacted JJitb reagents such as a-cyiUlociiJllamo. benzaldehyde, elemental suJphurlmalononltrlle, benzenediazomum chloride, pyrazol·S-yl-diazonium chloride malononitriie, and ethyl acetoacetate to alford pyrano[2,J.c]pyra:~mea (4, 6), P.rrazole (7), thieno[J,J-cjpyn (9), pyrazoles (12, 15), pyrano[2,J-c}pyrazole (10) and pyrazolo{3,4-h]pyridine (11) deriratfres respecUre/y. fused


Objective: To explore the effect of Xiaoding cream on expression of TNF-αin the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis rabbits.Methods:Forty New Zealand white rabbits,body weight(2.50±0.10)kg,were randomly divided into A group(blank group),B group(model group),C group(control group),and D group(treatment group),10 cases in each group.The knee of rabbits in B,C,and D group were injected papain(according to Japanese Yasuhiko Kito) to established stable model of osteoarthritis synovitis 7 days after adaptive feeding.It should be careful not to stimulate the articular cartilage and synovial membrane in surgery.After the model was successfully established,the blank group was not treated,while,the control group treated with Voltaren ointment,the treatment group was administrated with Xiaoding cream,and the model group was given Vaseline.Results:The expression of TNF-αin model group,control group,and treatment group were significantly different to blank group(P0.05).And the expression of TNF-αin control group and treatment group were significantly different to model group(P0.05).There was no significant difference between control group and treatment group(P0.05).It suggested that Xiaoding cream and Voltaren ointment can reduce the content of TNF-αin synovial fluid of osteoarthritis rabbits.Conclusion: 1.Xiaoding cream and Voltaren ointment both have obviously therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis rabbits.2.Traditional Chinese medicine,Xiaoding cream,can reduce content of TNF-αin synovial fluid of osteoarthritis rabbits,and relieved degeneration of knee cartilage,so to play a role in the prevention and control of osteoarthritis.


This study uses the lens of organizational routines to examine the phenomena of timebased pacing in generational product innovation within the applications software industry. We first test for the presence of time-based pacing in a large sample of software businesses. We then investigate internal and external contingencies that affect the strength of time-based pacing: firm size, firm experience, and recurring technological and market events in the industry environment. Our core results show that time-based pacing exists in the form of an inverted-U relationship between generational product innovation and time since previous introduction. Time-based pacing is more pronounced in larger firms and, to a lesser extent, more experienced firms, which we take as evidence of the impact of firms' internal routines. In addition, firms introduce new products in response to external technological and market events, which we take as evidence of limits on the dominance of internal routines. This study uses the lens of organizational routines (Cyert and March, 1963; Nelson and Winter, 1982) to examine the phenomena of time-based pacing (TBP) in generational product innovation (Lawless and Anderson, 1996). Brown and Eisenhardt (1997) defined time-based as a strategy for competing in fast changing, unpredictable markets by scheduling product innovation at regular time intervals. Brown and Eisenhardt (1998) cited Intel's strategy for product introduction and new plant construction as examples of TBP. New vehicle introduction cycles at Toyota and other auto companies provide a further example. Using complexity theory as a metaphor, Brown and Eisenhardt (1997) suggest several reasons that might cause TBP, including benefits from undertaking efficient transitions between product generations, the presence of rhythms of activity that perpetuate themselves within firms, and firm responses to external patterns of events. More generally Brown and Eisenhardt (1997) contrasted TBP with traditional theories of organizational change. Building on earlier work by Bourgeois and Eisenhardt (1988), Chakravarthy (1997), D'Aveni (1994), and others, Brown and Eisenhardt offered a provocative vision of organizational change based on TBP of product innovation that contrasts sharply with punctuated equilibrium models (Miller and Friesen, 1984; Tushman and Romanelli, 1985). They noted that "While the punctuated equilibrium model is in the foreground of academic interest, it is in the background of the experience of many firms. Many firms compete by changing continuously" (1997: 1). In contrast to the infrequent radical processes of punctuated equilibrium, Brown and Eisenhardt focused on a very different concept of change: continuous incremental change processes based on time-based pacing of product innovation. These are important insights about business strategy. At the same time, though, Brown and Eisenhardt (1997) offered limited conceptual framing with their demonstration of the existence of TBP within three businesses among an inductive study of six businesses. There are opportunities for deeper conceptual understanding of the sources of TBP, as well as for determining whether TBP exists in larger sample studies. Since the two studies by Brown and Eisenhardt, there have been no large scale tests of the occurrence and character of TBP, although the last sentence of their 1997 paper calls for just such studies: "If these inductive insights survive empirical test, then they will extend our theories beyond a static conception of organizations and the punctuated equilibrium model of change to ... a more realistic description of how many firms actually compete" (1997: 32).


The analysis of the variability of 12 craniological non-metric epigenetic characters studied on skulls of 23 individuals of the Forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula PALLAS, 1779) from Hungary revealed a moderate degree of polymorphism with regard to frequency distributions and epigenetic variability (Vi=0,0682). The comparative evaluation of the population epigenetic uniqueness of Forest dormouse from Hungary and forest-mountainous populations from Bulgaria manifested the well-expressed cranial epigenetic uniqueness (MU= 1.020) of Hungarian populations. The revealed specific epigenetic cranial polymorphism and population divergence of the Hungarian Forest dormouse increase the interest in monitoring of the biological diversity and the distributional ecology of this species in Hungary with regard to its consolidated legislative protection in the country.


Numerical computations of free convection flow inside an isothermal open square cavity are presented. The effects of Grashof number and inclination of cavity are examined. Unsteady solutions are observed for Grashof number larger than 105 and cavity aperture facing upward.


Well-defined Cu/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid materials are successfully synthesized by controlling the amount of ascorbic acid and maintaining an appropriate pH value. We found that graphene oxide (GO) served not only as the precursor for graphene, but also as an effective surfactant to hamper the aggregation of copper nanoparticles, resulting in a small size of the copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, the as-prepared copper composites can serve as an effective catalyst for 4-nitrophenol in aqueous conditions and exhibit surface enhanced Raman scattering in the detection of crystal violet (CV). Notably, the obtained copper nanoparticle hybrids with rGO have extremely high air stability after exposure to air. Density functional theory calculations firstly reveal that rGO can effectively prevent Cu nanoparticles from spontaneous oxidation due to its slightly lower ionization potential than that of Cu nanoparticles. We expect the as-prepared rGO-stabilized copper nanocrystals with small size to meet the increasing demands of industrial applications at reduced costs.


Evidence for orbital modulation of the very high energy (VHE) γ‐ray emission from the high‐mass X‐ray binary and microquasar LS 5039 has recently been reported by the HESS collaboration. The observed flux modulation was found to go in tandem with a change in the GeV – TeV spectral shape, which may partially be a result of γγ absorption in the intense radiation field of the massive companion star. In a recent paper [1], I have presented a parameter study of the γγ absorption effects in this system. For a range of plausible locations of the VHE γ‐ray emission region and the allowable range of viewing angles, the de‐absorbed, intrinsic VHE γ‐ray spectra and total VHE photon fluxes and luminosities were calculated and compared to luminosity constraints based on Bondi‐Hoyle limited wind accretion onto the compact object in LS 5039. It was found that (1) it is impossible to choose the viewing angle and location of the VHE emission region in a way that the intrinsic spectra in superior and inferior conjunction a...


Identifying key nodes of aviation networks is a challenging and valuable issue, which depends on the measurement and ranking of node importance. Node importance can be measured statically according to certain network topology characteristic. The efficiency of this method is high. Node importance can also be measured dynamically according to certain network dynamic process. The result measured by this method is more accurate and reasonable. The current situation of this research is systematically described. The future trend of this research is revealed as well.


In this paper, we report an ambipolar host material with large triplet energies for single‐layer phosphorescent devices. Using such host material, we demonstrate efficient single‐layer green, blue and even white phosphorescent OLEDs.


ABSTRACT Two series of novel side-chain liquid crystal (LC) polysiloxanes grafted with chiral liquid crystalline dimers containing cholesteryl mesogens were synthesised. The chemical structure and LC properties of comonomers and polymers were characterised by FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC, TGA, POM and XRD. M1 and M2 were chiral nematic (N*) dimers, and M3 was an achiral LC monomer displaying nematic mesophase in a narrow mesomorphic temperature range, while the copolymers exhibited N* mesophase whose mesomorphic temperature ranges were much wider than those of the comonomers. Moreover, the glass transition temperatures and isotropization temperatures of the polymers all decreased with decreasing the dimer components. Reflection spectra showed that Pa series tend to attain wide-band selective reflection at long wavelengths, while Pb series were more potential at short wavelengths with narrow bandwidths. Decreasing the dimer components led the wavelength of the selective reflection to blue shift, which was an abnormal phenomenon in chiral mixture system. Graphical abstract


Type 2 diabetes is a global public health problem and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor( PPARγ) is one of the most attractive targets for developing anti type 2 diabetes drugs. Due to the safety issues of marketed PPARγ full agonists,the research focus transfers to the development of more safe and selective PPARγ modulators( SPPARγMs),and some promising candidates are being undertaken clinical trials.


Summary Despite recent advances in the pharmacological and mechanical means of supporting ventricular function, congestive heart failure continues to be major cause of morbidity and mortality. Impaired myocardial contractility remains to be a primary feature. Phosphodiesterase inhibition can lead to an increase in cyclic AMP and augment myocardial contractility. The results in this study suggest that the positive inotropic drug may be beneficial for the treatment of Congestive heart failure. Furthermore ICI 153, 110 proves to be effective positive inotropic drug with vasodilating effects and does improve left ventricular per- formance during acute administration in patients with congestive heart failure. Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of IC! 153, 1 10, a phosphodt esterase inhibitor in patients with NYHA class III congestive heart failure. Haemodynamic effects were evaluated by right and left heart catheter. Nine patients were studied with mean age of 65.1 years. Heart rate remained unchanged. Syst emic vascular resistance decreased from mean of 22 to 17while cardiac output increased from 4.5 to 5.1. Left Ventricular dpldt increased from 953 mmHg/sec to 1245 mmHg/sec. Left ventricular End diastolic Pressure fell from 21 mmHg to l4mmHg.


This paper focuses on presenting a conceptual model in order to integrate sustainability in cloud computing resulting in facilitating transmission of knowledge in education with a focus on developing countries. From one perspective and while cloud computing has been considered as a recent area of research due to arguments round its value to organizational performance, sustainability has turned to be a typical common norm due to the discovery of uncertainty in various human aspects. From a different perspective, the role of Knowledge Management in enhancing organisational success has been detected in different researches. The main consensus after these researches is that the more effective management of knowledge is the more effective the organizational performance will be. Therefore, this paper presents a theoretical framework of potential links among cloud computing, knowledge management and sustainability.


Network processor units (NPUs) are application specific instruction processors (ASIPs) specialized and optimized to perform different network functionalities. As security is one of the essential network issues, it is better to be implemented using NPUs because of the need for fast processing to achieve high data rates. In this paper, we provide an overview on the use of NPUs for security. There exist three approaches to implement security using NPUs: the look-aside, the flow-through, and the integrated security blocks. Moreover, when we deal with wireless systems, wireless security processor implementation to meet the general design constraints of wireless devices. These constraints include limited bandwidth, low power consumption, and minimized area. In addition, designers of wireless security processors take into account the need for fast processing and flexibility.


A process for production of an allyl and/or methallyl ether of a tri or polyhydric alcohol is disclosed. Said process comprises (i) subjected at least one cyclic formal of a tri or polyhydric alcohol to allylation, (ii) subjecting obtained allyl and/or methallyl ether of said cyclic formal to reaction with at least one alcohol and optionally an intermediate and/or a final purification step. In further aspects the present invention refers to an allyl and/or methallyl ether yielded in said process.


Any announcement of a discussion on new tools and approaches justifies a dose of scepticism in any science. Often, glitzy new techniques are being pursued while existing, proven approaches are ignored, even though they can be applied very succesfully to current problems. Tools and approaches become easily an objective in themselves so in this invited paper I will be quite aware of this potential trap. In fact, rather than jump directly into a discussion of tools and approaches, we need to ascertain the needs of society which should constitute the very basis for our activities. Here, land evaluation has only a modest track record. Procedures have been top-down , allowing little interaction with stakeholders and colleagues from other professions, such as economists, agronomists, ecologists and many others that have an interest in the land. Of course, our definitions indicate the need for interdisciplinarity and for interaction. Unfortunately, reality has turned out to be rather different and our products tend to be pedocentric. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to discuss: (i) modern needs for land evaluation at different scales; (ii) interaction with the social and economic sciences, and (iii) promising tools and techniques. Finally attention will be paid to land evaluation in developing countries.


The machine translation involves a lot of techniques,and the existence of many research difficulties increases the difficulty in application of computer in our country.The article includes 4 parts: Part one introduces the theory model of the machine translation;Part two probes the irrelevant grammar of context;Part three discusses headings up from the bottom and gets down from the crest the analytical methods,designing an algorithm;Part four explains the methods of transfer network and transfer network of passing to automatic return.


Multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution (MGGD) has been an attractive solution to many signal processing problems due to its simple yet flexible parametric form, which requires the estimation of only a few parameters, i.e., the scatter matrix and the shape parameter. Existing fixed-point (FP) algorithms provide an easy to implement method for estimating the scatter matrix, but are known to fail, giving highly inaccurate results, when the value of the shape parameter increases. Since many applications require flexible estimation of the shape parameter, we propose a new FP algorithm, Riemannian averaged FP (RA-FP), which can effectively estimate the scatter matrix for any value of the shape parameter. We provide the mathematical justification of the convergence of the RA-FP algorithm based on the Riemannian geometry of the space of symmetric positive definite matrices. We also show using numerical simulations that the RA-FP algorithm is invariant to the initialization of the scatter matrix and provides significantly improved performance over existing FP and method-of-moments (MoM) algorithms for the estimation of the scatter matrix.


Cord clamping The evidence now seems complete that delayed cord clamping is superior clinical practice to early cord clamping. The latest data come from a Swedish group looking at outcomes 4 months after delivery in an affluent, high socio-economic population (Andersson et al. BMJ 2011;343:d7157). Delaying the occlusion of the umbilical cord for 3 minutes allows the transfusion of about a third more blood to the baby than would be received if the cord is clamped within 10 seconds of delivery. This extra blood is important in protecting the infant from iron deficiency in the first few months of life. It works as follows. Without intervention, umbilical cord pulsations continue for 2–3 minutes after delivery allowing placental blood to enter the neonatal circulation. This increases the neonate's haemoglobin and red cell mass and reduces the chances of anaemia immediately postpartum. In the study reported from Sweden the number needed to treat was 20. In the first few months, infants require iron for haematological function as well as for important central nervous system development. Without the placental transfusion the risks of early iron deficiency rise as iron intake, with or without breastfeeding, is minimal. In the 400 infants in the study the delayed clamping group had better shortterm and long-term haemopoietic indices without demonstrable adverse effects that could be anticipated such as respiratory problems, polycythaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, the need for phototherapy or admission to high-level care. The procedure was to allow the newborn to be held 20 cm below the level of the vulva for 30 seconds and then placed on the mother's abdomen with the cord clamped and cut after 3 minutes. In the other arm of the study, clamping was performed within 10 seconds. Other obstetric practices were conforming to normal protocols. There were no adverse maternal outcomes. The evidence is compelling in favour of delayed cord clamping, certainly in healthy term infants from uncomplicated pregnancies. The situation may prove different in preterm neonates or those needing resuscitation but these are exceptions rather than the rule. It may be that compromised infants could benefit most from the extra transfusion but that is for future research. For the majority of babies it is clear that they should have delayed cord clamping to be given the optimal start in life. If this is indeed 'best practice' then the obligation falls to the obstetric staff, both doctors and midwives, to comply. Having been reared on the active management of the third stage of labour incorporating oxytocin with delivery, immediate cord clamping and controlled cord traction to decrease the risk of postpartum haemorrhage—it will now be up to the profession to accommodate neonatal imperatives to give the infant the best possible start without jeopardising maternal safety. There is now a clear obligation for the evidence to be conveyed to mothers antenatally and for decisions to be made. It is a time to change policy and individual practice.


Dragon fruit is one of the tropical fruits can be grown in Indonesia. The skin of dragon fruit, which is accounted for 30-35% of the whole fruit usually thrown away as waste. This study aims to produce a bioactive extract from extraction of dragon fruit skin that is rich in phenolic and pigment compounds then it used as food additives. The variation that was used in this study includes the application of drying as pre-treatment of dragon fruit skin and the extraction methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction). The obtained extracts were evaluated for the amount of total phenolic compounds and pigments (anthocyanin and betacyanin). Drying of dragon fruit skin was found to yield lower amounts of bioactive materials, which may occur due to the thermal degradation even though a low drying temperature was used. In addition, the maceration method was found to give a higher amount of bioactive materials compared with the Soxhlet method. The extraction with the highest yield of bioactive materials was obtained by the use of fresh dragon fruit skin and maceration for 240 minutes, which gave amounts of anthocyanin, betacyanin, and total phenolic compounds of  0.08, 0.04, dan 0.35 mg/g fresh dragon fruit skin, respectively.


This article presents 3D multiview exact models that are complete representations of a polyhedron obtained by the means of the faces surroundings scanning algorithm. The algorithm uses the viewing sphere and the perspective projection concepts (known as the K-M view space model). Such models will be used for visual identification based on them and a scene depth map. We develop the concept and give an algorithm for face-dependent generation of 3D exact views polyhedron representation.


Grout injection is a useful repair and strengthening technique to intervene in old masonry buildings. Until now, a very limited amount of work has been reported on the potential of geopolymers for consolidation of old stone masonry walls. In the last decades there has been several research initiatives focus on the development of materials involving a higher volume of supplementary cementitious materials that substitute the traditional binders. Geopolymers that were developed as a part of these efforts, can not only reduce the dependence on traditional binders, but also potentially present materials with less environmental impacts and improved performance. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of grouts composed of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) and geopolymer. The experiments were conducted using a geopolymer made of fly ash, sodium hydroxide and water. The effects of the replacement of NHL by the fly ash-based geopolymer (at the dosages of 0, 20, 50, 80 and 100%) on the rheological parameters, stability, water absorption, compressive strength and durability were investigated. The results showed that the geopolymer-based grout has several advantages regarding the mechanical strength, durability and fresh stability, but the improvement of their rheological performances proved to be a challenging task. Overall, the findings of this study will be useful in assessing the design of grouts incorporating alternative binders and consequently contribute to the improvement of the grouting technique.


Objective To compare the curative effects and complications in treating one side closed pneumothorax through thoracic closed drainage by using nose tube or by using thin silica gel catheter.Methods Fifty-one cases of one side closed pneumothorax had micro-operations with drainage(through nose tube),while 24 cases under same conditions also had the thoracic closed drainage through thin silica gel catheter after intercostal incision.Their therapeutic effects and complications were investigated.Results Their curative effects were similar without obvious differences,but the thoracic closed drainage through nose tube without incision had less complications.Conclusion The treatment of one side closed pneumothorax through thoracic closed drainage by using nose tube is a satisfactory remedy with less side effect,simple,less costy,more comfortable and fewer complications.


We report progress in the study of thick CZT strip detectors for 3-d imaging and spectroscopy and discuss two approaches to device design. We present the spectroscopic, imaging, detection efficiency and response uniformity performance of prototype devices. Unlike double-sided strip detectors, these devices feature both row and column contacts implemented on the anode surface. This electron-only approach circumvents problems associated with poor hole transport in CZT that normally limit the thickness and energy range of double-sided strip detectors. These devices can achieve similar performance to pixel detectors. The work includes laboratory and simulation studies aimed at developing compact, efficient, detector modules for 0.05 to 1 MeV gamma radiation measurements. The low channel count strip detector approach can significantly reduce the complexity and power requirements of the readout electronics. This is particularly important in space-based coded aperture or Compton telescope instruments requiring large area, large volume detector arrays. Such arrays will be required for NASA's Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP) and Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT).


Topic models can extract consistent themes from large corpora for research purposes. In recent years, the combination of pretrained language models and neural topic models has gained attention among scholars. However, this approach has some drawbacks: in short texts, the quality of the topics obtained by the models is low and incoherent, which is caused by the reduced word frequency (insufficient word co-occurrence) in short texts compared to long texts. To address these issues, we propose a neural topic model based on SBERT and data augmentation. First, our proposed easy data augmentation (EDA) method with keyword combination helps overcome the sparsity problem in short texts. Then, the attention mechanism is used to focus on keywords related to the topic and reduce the impact of noise words. Next, the SBERT model is trained on a large and diverse dataset, which can generate high-quality semantic information vectors for short texts. Finally, we perform feature fusion on the augmented data that have been weighted by an attention mechanism with the high-quality semantic information obtained. Then, the fused features are input into a neural topic model to obtain high-quality topics. The experimental results on an English public dataset show that our model generates high-quality topics, with the average scores improving by 2.5% for topic coherence and 1.2% for topic diversity compared to the baseline model.


Background and aim: Accurate risk stratification and prognostication are important for managing patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischemic stroke. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has previously been found to predict long-term clinical outcomes in these conditions. This study investigated its role in predicting shortterm outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective study examining all patients who were admitted to our hospital with a clinical diagnosis of AF and acute ischemic stroke. Baseline characteristics including RDW and short-term outcome variables were recorded. Logistic regression and propensity score-matched analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of outcome variables. Results: A total of 258 patients were included in this study, in whom a significant association between RDW and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission (rs = 0.199, p < 0.001) was observed. Multivariate analysis confirmed the value of RDW for predicting the occurrence of severe stroke (NIHSS ≥ 8). RDW ≥ 13.1% was associated with a higher modified Rankin Scale score at discharge (3 versus 4, p = 0.007), higher rate of adverse prognosis (75.3% versus 87.6%, p = 0.034), and lower rate of independent ambulation (55.2% versus 37.8%, p = 0.024). Modified Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI) was also an independent factor of mRS scores at discharge (OR = 0.589, 0.451-0.767, p < 0.001). Conclusions: RDW is an inexpensive marker that can be used to predict stroke severity and short-term functional outcomes in patients with AF and acute ischemic stroke.


A stress-strain state near a horizontal square-section development has been investigated by the finite-element method. The distribution of principal stresses has been obtained in the vicinity of the corner point, where the stress field has an integrable singularity. It has been found that tensile stresses, which occur at the top of the development, often disintegrate rocks, since the latter possess poor resistance to tension.


����� ��� Anthropological genetics is at one of the most exciting points in the history of the field. Never before has so much information been available to facilitate the search for genes that influence normal human variation and human adaptability. For example, sequencing efforts have revealed vast amounts of variation within human populations. The Human Genome Project has opened a new frontier in anthropological genetics, and we can look forward to a time of rapid progress in characterizing the genetic components of human variation. After one year as the editor of Human Biology, I am well aware of the growing excitement in the field of anthropological genetics. At a time when genes influencing disease-related phenotypes are being localized and characterized at an unprecedented rate, so too is dramatic progress being made in elucidating the genetic determinants of normal variation in the phenotypic traits that have traditionally been of interest in anthropology. With its extensive history of publishing research in anthropological genetics, Human Biology is well placed to be the journal where the latest developments in gene localization and identification of traits of anthropological relevance are published. The data generated through the Human Genome Project have provided a rich resource of information that can be exploited in the search for genes influencing traits of relevance to anthropology. It is now possible for the first time to identify the specific genes that influence normal human variation and human adaptability on a large scale. We are poised to make great strides in improving our understanding of human microevolution through increased understanding of the genetic determinants of normal variation. The exciting growth in research on human populations, particularly in the areas of genomic screening and largescale family studies, is yielding a wealth of new information about the determinants of variation in both normal and disease-related phenotypes. Genome scans not only allow unambiguous identification of genetic influences on human variation but also provide a means by which the environmental influences on human variation can be quantified and distinguished from genetic influences. 1


In this paper,the mean value theorem of the first integrate of curve and the first integrate of surface has been pointed out.By using the connection of them,the mean value theorem of second integrate of curve and surface has been obtained.


The book Variations of the republic. Politics in nineteenth-century Argentina is the result of a joint project by teams from the National University of Rosario and the University of Buenos Aires. Its objective is to carry out a study with a global vision on the vicissitudes of the republic and political life, avoiding the classic historiographic caesura between both parties.


While causal models are robust in that they are prediction optimal under arbitrarily strong interventions, they may not be optimal when the interventions are bounded. We prove that the classical K-class estimator satisfies such optimality by establishing a connection between K-class estimators and anchor regression. This connection further motivates a novel estimator in instrumental variable settings that minimizes the mean squared prediction error subject to the constraint that the estimator lies in an asymptotically valid confidence region of the causal coefficient. We call this estimator PULSE (p-uncorrelated least squares estimator), relate it to work on invariance, show that it can be computed efficiently as a data-driven K-class estimator, even though the underlying optimization problem is non-convex, and prove consistency. We evaluate the estimators on real data and perform simulation experiments illustrating that PULSE suffers from less variability. There are several settings including weak instrument settings, where it outperforms other estimators.


We have identified the amino acid substitutions in two mutant forms of the recA protein from Escherichia coli. The recA441 mutant, which shows constitutive expression of the  recA-mediated SOS response at 42 "C, contains two amino acid substitutions, glutamic acid to lysine at residue 38 and isoleucine to valine at residue 298. The recA629 mutant is an unusual pseudorevertant of recA441 that is no longer capable of spontaneous expression of SOS functions at 42 O C . Purified recA629 protein is cold-labile for several of the wild-type enzymatic activities and is shown here to contain three amino acid substitutions, the two found in the recA441 protein at residues 38 and 298, as well as an aspartic acid-to-glycine change at residue 32. The mutation at residue 32 was verified by restriction digestion of the 5' region of the recA629 structural gene.


Aiming at the problem of the high redundancy of constraints potentials in traditional graphical hand model,a novel articulated human hand model that employs clique potentials is proposed.It designs a framework to eliminate part of redundant imformation in the existing graphical hand model and reduces the computation complexity due to the proper utilization of the special physiology strcture and kinematic features of human hand.Meanwhile,it develops the novel clique potentials which describe the hand's 3D structure,kinematics,and dynamics and designs a smart message passing algorithm during the course of inference underlying the clique-based model.Experimental result shows that the proposed method tracks 3D articulated hand efficiently and accurately,and can meet the requirements of accurate vision-based hand tracking.


Victor Hofmeister (1829-1894), a chemist, was active between 1862-1894 at the Tierärztliche Hochschule Dresden. His common work with Haubner, Siedamgrotzky and especially Ellenberger supplied basis information on digestibility of feestuffs (sheep, horses) about various clinical-chemical or toxicological questions, but particularly about the digestive physiology in horses, pigs, dogs and ruminants. The main results of the research group in Dresden outlast the last 100 years and represent valuable aspects for present knowledge in this field.


Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) prevents infectious complications during surgery by administering an effective antimicrobial agent before surgery. There is, however, lack of adherence to the standard SAP administration protocol. We reviewed 576 surgeries and find that cefuroxime/cefazolin was used as SAP in less than 31% of surgeries followed by ceftriaxone and cefoperazone. In 61% of cases, SAP was continued for more than 24 hours and in 2/3rd more than one SAP was prescribed, we noted the best SAP compliance was for the timing of pre-operative dosage. We then selected a unit of urology and applied the recommended SAP protocol, and monitored the patient's outcome. All the surgeries were endoscopic urological procedures and our protocol was effective in 97.7% of patients. Out of 89, 78(87.6%) surgeries went uneventful, whereas 11 (12.4%) had post-operative complications. Two out of 89 (2.2%) cases had UTI post-operatively which was considered as surgical site infection. following the EAU guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis reduced antibiotic use without increasing postoperative infection rates and SAP should be followed as per the standard guidelines in other units also. This small study is a way forward for our HICC team to motivate other surgeons to follow the guidelines and become antimicrobial stewardship champions. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing and successfully implementing such protocols.


The multi-energy complementary nature of integrated energy systems contributes to the consumption of intermittent renewable energy sources. In order to reflect the market value of integrated energy systems and encourage their investment and development, it is a trend for integrated energy suppliers (IES) to compete in multi-energy markets. The joint game problem of IESs with wind generators (WG) participating in both electricity market and natural gas market is investigated in this paper. A joint equilibrium model of multi-energy market is established considering the penalty mechanism of wind power bid deviation, and the nonlinear complementary method is used to solve the equilibrium model. Numerical examples are presented to verify the rationality and validity of the model. It is shown that as the wind power penetration increases, the electricity and gas prices will decrease, and the profits of the IESs and the total social welfare will increase.


The gene pool of apple varieties of the Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern group has a valuable genetic potential especially in breeding for winter hardiness. Today, apple breeding research focused on winter hardiness using that varieties is limited. Using in hybridization gene pools created in harsh conditions of Siberia and the Far East will allow promoting the spread of apple culture to the north, which is mainly limited by frost resistance. Assessment of frost damage level of tissues and kidneys of apple shoots by -40°C temperature decrease was the principal goal of the work. According the national food and nutrition security policy, share of fruit production in the northern regions must be increased. In that case, ongoing scientific research has the defining value for these purposes. Different apple tree genotypes responses to low temperatures is highly individual and depends both of the degree or strength of frost and of the sensitivity of the plant itself. This complex interrelationship determinates the winter hardiness level under negative environmental conditions. 30 varieties of apple tree of the Ural-Siberian and Far Eastern groups were selected for study of frost resistance. Genotypes have a sufficient "margin of safety" for resistance to cause by frost damages.


The study was performed to elucidate the effects of ethylene-absorbent on the quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon fruits in the MA package. Five persimmons were packed in a MA package film (low density polyethylene, 0.055 mm film thickness), and stored at for 60 days. Two persimmons were repacked in a MA package with or without ethylene absorbent and stored at . Ten days later, these packages was moved to or storage room to examine the effect of the ethylene-absorbent on the quality of the fruits. Ethylene removal by enclosed ethylene absorbent in MA packaging reduced the rate of fruit respiration at , so that and concentration in packing were maintained higher and lower, respectively, compared to control. These effects were not observed, however, in post-storage. Fruit firmness and sugar composition were also influenced by ethylene absorbent, showing more delayed flesh softening and higher sucrose concentration in ethylene absorbent treated fruits than control. But ethylene-absorbent treatment lowered glucose and fructose concentration. That shows that ethylene could influence on sugar composition by inhibiting sucrose inversion to glucose and fructose. The production of ethanol and acetaldehyde was reduced by ethylene removal, but the effect was not so high as other quality indices.


Abstract Agencies and institutions dealing with the elderly have only limited time, money, and personnel with which to plan and implement educational programs. Yet a basic knowledge of aging and death and dying seems to be essential for those working with older adults. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on short‐term educational programs on death and dying and aging in order to offer practitioners some guidance for efficiently structuring programs to bring about desired changes in these areas. From 15 selected studies, 3 aspects of such programs are reviewed and analyzed: the length of the intervention, the type of treatment, and the nature of the target group involved.


We present a finite element method using spherical splines to solve the shallow water equations on a sphere involving satellite data. We compare the proposed method with a meshless method using radial basis functions. The use of either radial basis functions or spherical splines leads to ill-conditioned systems of linear equations. To accelerate the solution process we use additive Schwarz and alternate triangular preconditioners. Some numerical experiments are presented to show the effectiveness of both preconditioners.

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In this work, we propose a novel approach to efficient high-angle light beam bending and demonstrate it using TiO2 and Si metasurfaces operating in the visible and near IR spectral ranges. The proposed approach allows large angle bending, with up to 82° experimentally demonstrated. Based on this concept we designed a lens with near-unity numerical aperture (NA∼0.99), exceeding all previously reported values.


Economic growth in selected emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC) and South Africa The paper investigates on theoretical and empirical grounds the main determinants of economic growth for Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC) and South Africa. The empirical results from the variance decomposition analysis (VDA) for the real GDP growth reveal a primary role played by the investment rate and inflation to explain economic growth in these countries, but other factors, such as the real interest rate (Brazil, India and South Africa), the real effective exchange rate (China and India), FDI flows (China and South Africa) and population growth (India and Russia) are also important, regardless of their lower relative contribution.


Dissertation work is focused on comparison and evaluation of two tread rubber types. The tyres were tested for fast tyre wear and set of measurements were concluded and resulting values were compared with their tensile properties. Afterwards, the tyres with commercial and sports tread rubber carried out on testing on standard cars in common road traffic, and on special built autodrome as well, with the goal to approach in the maximum possible way real conditions.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical foundations and lessons learned in the development and implementation of an institutional engagement framework for monitoring and managing the Crown's ownership interests in the New Zealand tertiary education sector.Design/methodology/approach – The core analytics and tasks comprise financial stress testing, the Baldrige assessment approach and capability benchmarking, integrated into an overall risk management system using many of the elements of Robert Simons' "Levers of Control".Findings – The approach has been useful in identifying institutions most at risk and requiring higher levels of direct engagement, including statutory management intervention by the Crown.Practical implications – It is considered there are ample performance measurement tools available and that ultimately success is through system design and management of the performance management process itself, with the capability of those undertaking the activity being as equa...


In this paper, the agent-based artificial market model is proposed as a simple model to describe the society as a multi-agent system. We examine the case study of competition on the standardization of video cassette recorders (VCR). In this case the compatibility of the video software is definitely important to choose the VCR. The simulation result shows that the communications among agents are breaking the symmetry of the market share, then the asymmetry is enlarged further with accelerated speed. The model is useful to understand what has happened in the technological lock-in phenomena.


Liver metastases are a frequent event in the course of colorectal cancer and some studies indicate them as the cause of two thirds of deaths from this disease. Treatment is complex and involves a range of therapeutic options that vary through behavior and timing of metastases diagnosis, as well as the background of the patient. The volume of medical knowledge published every year on this topic is on the rise, with information with different levels of evidence, coming as a torrent of data that daily challenges those involved in the care of these patients. These professionals, in turn, should belong to multidisciplinary teams able to evaluate together the best treatment options as well as their sequence, according to the specifics of each case. These are the premises that supported the initiative to hold the First Brazilian Consensus of Multimodal Treatment of Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer, including, unprecedentedly in Brazil, the specialty societies involved in this care, namely the Brazilian Chapter of the International Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Association (BC-IHPBA), the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO), the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology (BSCO), the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery (BCDS) and the Brazilian College of Surgeons (BCS), also relying on the support of the Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (AHPBA). Experts from other areas were also involved in specific points of the discussion, such as radiologists, interventional radiologists and pathologists. The Consensus meeting was held on August 23, 2014 during the X International Symposium on Cancer of the Digestive Apparatus of CEPGIO / International Symposium BC-IHPBA / Postgraduate Course of AHPBA at A.C. Camargo Cancer Center in São Paulo. To organize the flow of ideas and make the practical application of the Consensus a reality, the theme was divided into modules on specific topics: Module 1: Pretreatment Assessment • Topic 1. Epidemiology and results of treatment in LMCRC • Topic 2. Radiologic and staging diagnosis • Topic 3. Definition of resectability • Topic 4., Clinicopathological and molecular prognostic factors relevant in the definition of treatment Module 2: Management of resectable metastases • Topic 5. Management of synchronous resectable disease • Topic 6. Management of metachronous resectable disease • Topic 7. Missing metastases what to do? Module 3: Controversies and unresectable metastases • Topic 8. Treatment in post-chemotherapy progression in resectable disease • Topic 9. Treatment when extrahepatic disease is found • Topic 10. Conversion treatment in unresectable disease • Topic 11. Palliative treatment The debates were conducted in two phases. In the Pre-consensus Phase, Specialist Committees were established with 4 components each, all members of the supporting societies with recognized competence and practice on the subject, one of which being responsible for submitting data on the day of the Consensus. Each committee was responsible for one of the topics of the Consensus and expected to answer the questions elaborated by the organizing committee, systematically reviewing the literature and producing a presentation that synthesized the most relevant data, including up to five recommendations at the end of each topic. This pre-Consensus phase preceded the proper presentation by two months, with an average of four rounds of discussions between the Specialist Committees and the Organizing Committee, in order to meet all the data raised in the planning of the Consensus. For the Attendance Phase, which took place during the CEPGIO symposium, Expert Committees for each Consensus Module were made, again relying on expert professionals who were indicated by the supporting societies, and in collaboration with guests from some of the most renowned cancer treatment institutions in the world. Each Expert Committee discussed and buoyed the presentations and recommendations of the Specialist Committees that had previously been voted on by the present audience. This vote was held after each presentation, and the computed results based on the percentage of agreement submitted for each recommendation sentence: • Agreement: > 75% of agreement • Partial agreement: 50 74% agreement • Disagreement: 0 49% agreement After the Attendance Phase, each Specialist Committee produced a synthesis text of their presentation, including recommendations of their topics with the suggested changes in the debate with the Experts and with the audience. The three following articles presented (the first in this issue and the others in subsequent issues) are intended to make the data available for viewing. We sincerely hope that all this effort will facilitate the arduous task of caring for and each time producing better results in the management of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer.


The necessary transformation of our economic systems represents a fundamentally different challenge for a host of actors, economic sectors and regions of the world. This is also reflected in the debate on the concept of the Green Economy: There is a struggle, on the one hand, for ideological hegemony with regard to conflicting concepts (green growth vs. de-growth), and on the other hand, for the remaining natural resources and growth opportunities.


It was to key to develop new electric heater changing SiCl4 into SiHCl3 successfully under rigorous condition.After analysis and experiment,it had been brought forward new technology with"two-time high temperature treatment"and"compressed",water had been excluded completely out of MgO powder,thermal leakage current was less,the electric heating pipe was ensured working on the(400~500)℃ for long-term stably 8000h.New products had been successfully applied to the industry actually and sold abroad,they've been both economic and social benefits.


Whether internally generated goodwill should be acknowledged mainly depends on whether it meets the criteria of assets acknowlegement.The author holds that goodwill(whether it is internally generated or purchased outside)is a kind of intangible resource which can generate future economic benefits for a particular entity,and which almost meets the criteria of acknowledgement.Therefore,the author maintains that internally generated goodwill should be acknowledged and measured.But considering the characteristics of internally generated goodwill,it should be disclosed as permanent assets(unamortized)but be appraised for impairment.


The detailed study of charmed scalar meson spectroscopy has provided many informations about the properties of q ¯ c systems. However, our knowledge is still not enough to understand all the meson states known nowadays. In 1977, R. L. Jaffe proposed a diquark (qq) antidiquark (¯ q ¯ q) bound state structure and he explained the light scalar meson spectroscopy with J P = 0 + quantum numbers [1] using the MIT bag model. Surprisingly, Jaffe has shown that this description (qq ¯ q ¯ q) was able to accomodate the experimental masses of these mesons. In a recent work, [2] a QCDSR study of these light scalar mesons was carried out, in which they were treated as qq ¯ q ¯ q states. In that work the decay constants of these mesons were found and the result was consistent with the existing experimental data.


Cluster analysis among 204 genotypes of chick pea excluding checks for nine quantitative traits revealed considerable genetic diversity in the material. Ten clusters for nine characters were obtained. Cluster III consisted of maximum 38 genotypes followed by cluster X which consisted of 35 genotypes whereas, cluster I consisted of two genotypes (as cluster I showed the maximum intra cluster distances with other clusters hence both genotypes) the maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between clusters I and IX followed by clusters I and V and I and VI. hence genotypes belonging to these clusters can be used as parents for hybridisation programme for the development of high yielding chickpea genotypes.


Simple Summary Internal teat sealant (ITS) at drying off is a strategy used for the prevention of intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period (DP), as it simulates the keratin plug's purpose, which is to prevent the access of pathogens into the mammary gland. The results from randomized clinical trials provide valuable information about the efficacy of commercially available products to be used in dairy cattle, assisting farmers to choose the best protocols for mastitis control. This study evaluated a new ITS infused at drying off as an alternative to prevent IMI during DP in a tropical country. Our results showed no effect of treatments on risk of bacteriological cure, subclinical mastitis (SCM) cure, and new cases of SCM postpartum. On the other hand, the use of ITS combined with an intramammary antibiotic (SDCT) reduced the risk of clinical mastitis up to 60 days postpartum, the overall risk of new intramammary infections (NIMI), and the NIMI caused by major pathogens compared to the use of antimicrobial alone (ADCT). Thus, the use of ITS combined with an antimicrobial at drying off was effective to prevent NIMI and clinical mastitis up to 60 days postpartum. Abstract The effect of an internal teat sealant (ITS) on subsequent infection of the mammary gland was evaluated on the following mammary gland health indicators: (a) bacteriological cure of preexisting intramammary infections at drying off, (b) risk of postpartum new intramammary infections (NIMI), (c) cure and risk of new cases of subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (d) risk of postpartum clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 553 cows during late gestation were randomly assigned into two treatment protocols at drying off: (a) Dry cow therapy with 0.25 g of intramammary anhydrous cefalonium (ADCT; Cepravin®, MSD Animal Health); or (b) ADCT combined with ITS (SDCT; 4 g bismuth subnitrate; Masti-Seal®, MSD Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). Mammary quarter (MQ) milk samples were collected for microbiological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) at drying off and early lactation, and data from 1756 MQ were used in the multivariate logistic regression. There was no effect on the risk of bacteriological cure, SCM cure, and new cases of postpartum SCM. Still, SDCT reduced the risk of CM up to 60 days postpartum (DPP), overall NIMI risk, and the NIMI caused by major pathogens compared to ADCT. Thus, the DCT combined with ITS at drying off is effective for preventing NIMI during the dry period and CM up to 60 DPP.


Through the cultural semiotic concepts devised by the school of Tartu it is possible to describe the Belarusian culture as auto-communicative. She conceptualizes herself as a "text-culture" and is moreover marked by her own "Lingvo-centrism". The following article, which is taking under consideration the metalinguistic discourse, takes aim at demonstrating, that the language and its qualification play (and have been playing) an outstanding part in the development of the Belarusian identity and nation.


FORM Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Manhattan IN HUMANS: A COLLECTION OF STRAINS MAKES THE DIFFERENCE. Elena CARRA (a), Stefano BASSI (a), Federica BERGAMINI (a), Mario SARTI (b), Silvia COLMEGNA (c), Mario D'INCAU (d), Maria Rita FONTANA (e), Andrea LAMBERTINI (e), Stefano PONGOLINI (a) (a) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Modena (Italy) (b) Laboratorio di Microbiologia NOCSAE Baggiovara, Modena (Italy), (c) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Milano (Italy) (d) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia (Italy) (e) Azienda USL di Modena, Modena (Italy) INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Manhattan (S. Manhattan), belonging to sero-group C, is a rarely isolated serotype. To date, few human outbreaks of S. Manhattan have been reported (1, 4, 5) and investigated by molecular tools (1, 4). All reported outbreaks were caused by contaminated pork-meat products. From May to July 2009, an unusually high incidence of human salmonellosis caused by S. Manhattan was registered in a relatively small area in the Province of Modena. Since the conventional epidemiological investigation based on interviews of the patients failed to identify potential sources of infection a supplementary investigation was undertaken by comparing the strains of S. Manhattan isolated from the patients and those routinely stored into the bacterial collection of IZSLER. This collection contains the isolates derived from food, feed, animal and environmental sources of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy Regions over a ten-year period. The comparison was carried out by pulsed-field gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping of the isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five strains of S. Manhattan were genotyped by PFGE, among them fifteen had been isolated from human salmonellosis cases occurred in the Province of Modena from May to July 2009, twentyone strains derived from the IZSLER collection , three strains were isolated from pork-sausage and six from raw porkmeat from August to September 2009, during outbreak investigation. PFGE was performed according to standard protocols (2). For the twenty-one collection strains the Simpson's index of diversity was calculated according to Hunter PR et al.(3). RESULTS All fifteen outbreak strains showed the same XbaI-PFGE profile, named genotype A (fig. 1). The twenty-one collection strains were grouped into six different XbaI-PFGE profiles (Fig. 1), among them twelve belonged to genotype A as the outbreak strains. The remaining nine strains were divided into five profiles, named from B to F (tab. 1). For the collection strains the Simpson's index of diversity was 0.65. All the strains isolated from sausage and raw meat during outbreak investigation belonged to genotype A as the outbreak strains (tab. 2). DISCUSSION From May to July 2009 fifteen human cases of salmonellosis by serotype Manhattan were diagnosed in the Province of Modena. Since S. Manhattan is a rare serotype, an epidemic episode was hypothesised due to the unusually high incidence. All of the fifteen strains showed the same PFGE profile, referred to as type A in this study, supporting the hypothesis. PFGE genotyping of the twenty-one collection strains of S. Manhattan isolated from different sources over the past ten years revealed that among type A strains one had been isolated in May 2009 from pork-sausage of an industrial producer . A specific check was carried out showing that sausage of that producer was on sale in retail stores of the outbreak area in that period. A sausage sample taken from one of those stores tested positive for S. Manhattan. Consequently, the pork-meat supplies of the producer were accurately investigated and S. Manhattan was isolated from one of them. The PFGE profile of the strains isolated from sausage and raw meat was indistinguishable from the outbreak profile. Interruption of the contaminated meet supply extinguished the outbreak. CONCLUSION This experience highlights the usefulness of strain storage associated to molecular genotyping as a tool for effective outbreak investigation. REFERENCES 1) Fisher IS, Hald T, Mølbak K, Riewerts Eriksen N. Outbreak of Salmonella manhattan infection in Denmark with international implications. Euro Surveill. 1998;2(9). Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org 2) Gautom RK. Rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for typing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other gram-negative organisms in 1 day. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997: 2977-804 3) Hunter PR and Gaston MA. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of impson's index of diversity. J. Clin. Microbiol 1988; 26 (11): 2465-2466 4) Noël H, Dominguez M, Weill FX, Brisabois A, Duchazeaubeneix C, Kerouanton A, Delmas G, enterica serotype Manhattan infection associated with meat products, France, 2005. Euro Surveill. 2006;11(11). Available from : http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ 5) Simon L, Rabaud C, Abballe X, Hartemann P. A propos d'une toxi-infection alimentaire collective (TIAC) d'expression bimodale à Salmonella enterica sér. Heidelberg et Salmonella enterica sér. Manhattan au Centre HospitaloUniversitaire de Nancy. Médecine et maladies infectieuses 1998; 28(2): 221-223 Figure 1: XbaI PFGE profiles Table 1: strains of S. Manhattan from IZSLER collection (grouped according to genotype and source) Table 2: distribution of PFGE genotypes Collection strains Outbreak strains Sausage and pork strains type N. type N. type N. A 12 A 15 A 9 B 2 C 1 D 4 E 1 F 1 total 21 15 9 ________________________________________________________ Nome: Andrea Cognome: Lambertini Indirizzo: ref. per Servizio Igiene Pubblica CRB via M. Finzi, 211 41122 Modena Tel. 059/435100 Fax 059/435157 e-mail: email@example.com Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Genotype Number of strains Source


The mimetic f(R) gravity is revisited from the stability of de Sitter point of view. We show that how de Sitter evolves stable in the cosmological era. Our investigation can be used as a potentially interesting idea for early inflation as well as late time acceleration expansion.


Mesochorus nigripes Ratzeburg is an indirect solitary hyperparasite of Bathyplectes stenostigma (Thomson) and B. curculionis (Thomson). Females lay single eggs in larvae of these parasites which are within larvae of the alfalfa weevil. The egg is hymenopteriform and continually enlarges from oviposition to eclosion. The 1st stage larvae eclose in 43–100 h. Once this stage reaches maximum size, the larva becomes quiescent and overwinters. The larva molts to the 2nd instar with the onset of warm spring weather. Both 2nd and 3rd stages require ca. 3 days for completion. The 4th stage larva matures in 4–5 days. Pupation requires 7–8 days for completion. Females emerge in 16–21 days at 26.7°C. Males were not found in field collections or in laboratory rearings. The initial hyperparasitism of the larval parasites ranged as high as 30% in newly-infested fields, but dropped and has remained relatively constant at 10% in older infestations. This reduction may be a natural phenomenon caused by environmental pressure or it may be due to a normal cyclical fluctuation in the population. The spread of this hyperparasite to other nearby states appears inevitable.


Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the world's leading cause of illness and death. In 2005, approximately 7.6 million deaths were attributed to coronary artery disease, accounting for almost 13% of the total deaths (WHO, 2011). From a pathophysiological point of view the disease could be considered as a severe clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis (Mallat & Tedgui, 2001). The disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombosis had been identified as the main cause of acute coronary syndromes, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and sudden death (Gensini & Dilaghi, 2002; Shah, 2003). The initially silent progression of arterial plaque, prompted by classic risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, age, stress, physical inactivity, dietary habits and cigarette smoking), is followed by a phase of acute or chronic progression toward an increasing degree of stenosis that eventually causes thrombosis (Gensini & Dilaghi, 2002; Fuster et al., 2005). Plaque disruption and/or endothelial activation represent the main trigger event for AMI, through exposure of plaque thrombogenic components to platelets and to clotting components of flowing blood. In this phase, haemostasis related risk factors and platelet status play a crucial role. However, current research supports the view of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process that initiates and promotes lesion development to the point of acute thrombotic complications and clinical events. Thus, the time has come to embrace inflammation as a common pathway for atherogenic risk factors and for providing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention (Libby, 2003). Acute myocardial infarction is a critical clinical presentation of coronary artery disease in many asymptomatic patients and often the event is fatal. Establishing the presence of coronary lesions either in asymptomatic patients or in symptomatic patients with acute or chronic chest pain can be a challenging task. Consequently, major clinical research efforts


The work is based on the analysis of the relevance of ecclesial cultural goods for the Church's order, for the symbolic-representative function of the spiritual values embodied in the ecclesial tradition, and highlights the need to provide special instruments of protection that promote their use by the community. By applying an extensive interpretation of the notion of sacredness, it is believed that it is possible to extend to the goods of monastic patrimony the qualification of ecclesial cultural goods, connoted by the characteristics of preciousness, culturality and sacredness. In order to guarantee respect for the symbolic-sacral value of these goods even when it is not possible to maintain their original destination, it is proposed to adapt, in the face of the lack of specific regulations, the current provisions for the reduction of places of worship to profane use, which establish precise conditions and precautions to ensure the decorum due to their intrinsic dignity.


Unresectable pancreatico‐biliary cancers frequently cause biliary obstruction. Symptomatic management of biliary obstruction is most commonly accomplished with percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. When Nonsurgical means have been exhausted, effective surgical palliation may be performed by way of choledochojejunostomy.


The correct interplay among components in a distributed, reactive system is a crucial development task, particularly for embedded systems such as those in the automotive domain. Model-based development is a promising means for capturing key structural and behavioral requirements before implementing code. Current development approaches focus on components as the central development entity, leaving component integration as a separate and error-prone task in later stages of the system development process. This approach is particularly problematic in the area of Quality-of-Service properties that are inherently end-to-end. We address this problem by using a model where system functions, not components implementing them, are central from the early phases of requirements capture through implementation. We develop a domain model for system functions (or services) based on interaction patterns; this model captures deadline specifications ranging from individual messages to entire services. Using a combination of modeling tools and code-generators for the RT CORBA platform, we provide an experimentation platform for monitoring these specified deadlines in executable specifications.


The input quantities determination involved in radiopharmaceutical marking used in heart scans allowed to estimate the combined and associated standard uncertainty with the process. The U value demonstrated that any parameter of the quality control process can be compared and correlated to obtain a real value and validation method, indicating or not, the adequacy of institutional practices and reinforcing the importance of the uncertainties associated to the results in medicine.


The influence of the crystal structure of TiO2 on the photocatalytic activity was investigated. Methylene blue decolourization was used as a test reaction to give an indication of the number of excited electron-hole pairs available for photocatalytic reactions. The anatase crystal phase in Degussa P25 was partially converted to rutile with the use of heat treatments. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the rutile to anatase ratio in the heat treated material and the crystallite size. The surface area of the catalyst particles was determined with BET measurements, and the morphology observed with scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the change in crystal structure plays an important role, but only at very high conversion degrees of anatase to rutile. The reaction rate normalized to the surface area remains constant up to a very large percentage of rutile.


The focus of this study is to identify cohung (peacock carcass) sale by dadak merak reog craftsman in Ponorogo and to analyse the view of Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) at Ponorogo Regency on cohung transaction. This empirical study used qualitative method. Data sources cover interview with dadak merak craftsman and MUI at Ponorogo Regency as well as documentation and literature to answer the research problem. It results in two findings. First, cohung transaction by the craftsman is done to create the fierce of dadak merak and got on agreed price. Secondly, cohung sale according to MUI at Ponorogo regency has different reasons. It is permitted because the sale practice depends on the context that is to be used not for consumption, and assumed that it is not only as transaction but also as wage. It is forbidden to buy the carcass since peacock is preserved animal.


This article reports the observation of the relapsing polychondritis (PCA) in the university hospital of Rabat Morocco. The purpose of the observation was to study the main clinical manifestations the therapeutic aspects and the progress of the disease. PCA is a rare systemic disease that can occur at any age and is often diagnosed as a connective tissue disease characterized by a recurring inflammation of the cartilage of the ear nose larynx and tracheobronchila tree. PCA may lead to the stenosis of the respiratory tree. Clinical and paraclinical exams most specifically a biologic analysis confirm the diagnosis. Frequent visceral manifestations permit the association of relapsing polychondritis with the group of connective diseases. In its severe cases the disease responds to progressive corticosteroid therapy. The treatment of first indication in minor cases calls for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The illness progresses through a succession of attacks and remission may occur spontaneously or with the beneficial effects of the treatment. The survival rate at age 5 does not exceed 75% and death occurs after respiratory infectious or vascular complications.


BACKGROUND: The sweetness of highbush blueberries is a sensory quality standard for consumers. Changes in metabolites and expression of associated genes induce variation in the sensory quality of blueberries. OBJECTIVE: This work investigated the ripening mechanism of blueberries by measuring changes in organic acids and sugar content as well as the gene expression levels associated with sugar accumulation, such as β amylase, invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and tonoplast monosaccharide transporter genes, before and after harvesting. METHODS: We used three different blueberry cultivars (Duke, Sierra, and Elizabeth) that we harvested at two ripening stages in a randomized complete block design and then kept at room temperature or 4°C for 7 days. The organic acids and sugar content were measured via HPLC, and gene expression levels were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS: Cultivars, ripening stage, and storage conditions affected the synthesis of sugars and degradation of organic acids to determine the sweetness in blueberries and the expression of tagged genes and analyses of compounds involved in the metabolic mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide insights into the mechanism underlying the ripening and the postharvest quality. This study may support the selection of suitable blueberry cultivars that meet customer demand.


Background: Importance of human capital as a competitive advantage to organizations is to the extent that human capital has becoming into most important component for organizations. Empowerment of individuals in order to provide an innovative has a vital role in moving the organization towards excellence. Experts suggest that today's, sometimes, up to 60% incomes and 90% of profits in large and leading organizations are result of these innovations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Innovation Behavior in the organization in the Social Security Organization of Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad branches). Method: A descriptive and survey methods, co relational design was used. A sample of 235 registered employee from the Social Security Organization of KhorasanRazavi (Mashhad branches) completed an survey that included questions related to individual demographics, items related to Psychological Empowerment Survey of Spreitzer&Quinn(2001)which consisted of four sections: feeling of Competency, feeling of Self-determination, feeling of Impact and feeling of Meaning that had a reliability coefficient (0.8811) and items related to employee innovation behavior scale of Amo(2005) which consisted of three Sections: idea generation, idea promotion, and idea realization that had a reliability coefficient (0.8958). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson's r Correlations, Regression Analysis, ANOVA analyses, and Friedman's chi square test and SPSS software (package of Spss / pc + + ver16) and Lisrel to determine if there was a relationship and influence between Psychological Empowerment and employee innovation behaviors. Finding: Results indicated a positive correlation between Psychological Empowerment and employee innovation behaviors (r=0.498, p<0.000), Psychological Empowerment and idea generation (r=0.479, p<0.000), Psychological Empowerment and idea promotion (r=0.417, p<0.000), Psychological Empowerment and idea realization (r=0.421, p<0.000).Also, the results showed that employee's Innovation Behavior is predictable by Psychological Empowerment (F=26,463; p=, 000).


This paper focuses on the theme of the spatial representation of cities and the territory, reflecting on the prospects for innovation in the expressive means that serve the study of the city. The described research concerns project "Mappe di Comunita 3.0" (http://ontomap.dyndns.org/), funded by the Fondazione CRT. The project focuses on the definition of a methodology that implements a synergistic exchange between institutional territorial knowledge and the knowledge of the citizens, achievable thanks to the mediation of communication provided by a semantic representation of territorial knowledge. That type of representation supports the description of data and of its properties in a unified language. Moreover, it enables the sharing of information on the Web by providing an integrated perspective on territorial data


With advances in virtual reality technology and its multiple applications, the need for believable, immersive virtual environments is increasing. Even though current computer graphics methods allow us to develop highly realistic virtual worlds, the main element failing to enhance presence is autonomous groups of human inhabitants. A great number of crowd simulation techniques have emerged in the last decade, but critical details in the crowd's movements and appearance do not meet the standards necessary to convince VR participants that they are present in a real crowd. In this paper, we review recent advances in the creation of immersive virtual crowds and discuss areas that require further work to turn these simulations into more fully immersive and believable experiences.


The prevalence and features of sexual addiction in sexual offenders incarcerated in a Canadian Federal prison were examined. Eighty male respondents (40 sexual offenders, 40 community subjects) completed questionnaires on sexual addiction and drug and alcohol problems. Sexual offenders were significantly more likely than the comparison group to be classified as sexual addicts. Fourteen of 40 sexual offenders (35%), and 5 of 40 community subjects (12.5%) were classified as sexual addicts. Sexual offender sexual addicts were more likely than non-addicts to report a preoccupation with sex and having been a victim of childhood or adolescent sexual abuse. However, sexual offender sex addicts were no more likely than sexual offender non-addicts to report co-morbid addiction problems with drugs or alcohol. Results are discussed in terms of their implication for the notion of sexual addiction and its relationship to sexual offending.


It is shown that the formalism of quantum theory naturally incorporates the psychophysical parallelism and thereby interprets itself, if the subjective aspects are taken as equal partners alongside the objective aspects as determinants of Reality as a Whole. The inevitable interplay of the subject (observer) and the object (observed) in making up Reality is brought out succinctly through a comprehensive psychophysical interpretation which includes in its bosom the truths of many of the major interpretations proposed so far as essential ingredients. At the heart of this novel approach lies the interpretation of the complex conjugate quantities such as the conjugate wave function Ψ*(r, t), the bra vector , and the observable A etc. respectively. This brings out the psycho-physical parallelism lying hidden in the quantum mechanical formalism in a quite straightforward manner. The measurement process is shown to be a two-step process comprising objective interaction through the retarded waves and subjective observation leading to rise of knowledge through the advanced waves.

NeuroQuantology | December 2012 | Volume 10 | Issue 4| Page 629-645


Business trust is profoundly different from ordinary trust with respect to the status and role of settlers and other issues.The Trust Law of China provides many rights of settler.This model,which is transplanted from Japan trust statute,may be named "Settler's Statutory Rights Model".The settler's legal status under this model is suitable to ordinary trust,but is inconsistent with the function and needs of business trust.The formation of this model might be resulted from insufficient considerations on the special circumstances of business trust and mistakenly transplanting the rules appropriate to ordinary trust only.The deficiency of this model cannot be overcome by providing settler's duties or other proposals,and the complete solution may be the settler has no right to the business trust and beneficiary.


: Lanthanide triflates Ln(OTf) 3 were found to catalyze the electrophilic substitution reactions of indole with a variety of imines in protic media, affording predominately secondary indolyl amines as well as bisindolyl methanes as by-products.


A50-year-old woman was admitted for a mild left hemispheric stroke with right-sided hemiparesis and motor aphasia. In the previous 3 months, she had suffered from several transient ischemic attacks in all cerebrovascular territories, as revealed by MRI, which was suggestive of recurrent cardiac embolization. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed an atrial septum aneurysm; spiral computed tomography of the neck demonstrated …


Isolated fetal myocardial injury in the absence of demonstrable coronary artery disease is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. We believe this is the first report of the prenatal evolution of a ventricular septal rupture with subsequent postnatal remodeling, defect closure and residual free wall aneurysm formation. Following referral for an abnormal four-chamber view, a fetal echocardiogram performed at 16 weeks' gestation noted a 5 mm homogenous region of hyperechoic apical septal myocardium [Figure 1(a)]. The heart was otherwise structurally normal. Re-imaging at 19 weeks' gestation noted, additionally, apical regional wall motion hypokinesis and extension of the hyperechoic myocardium to include part of the mitral valve tensile apparatus. By 28 weeks' gestation, a 2 to 3 mm apical muscular ventricular septal rupture had developed on the apical periphery of the involved myocardium with bidirectional flow on color Doppler interrogation [Figure 1(b)]. Postnatal evaluation at 2 weeks of life revealed a thriving infant with an ejection systolic murmur. Echocardiography showed a thinned apical left ventricular free wall but with normal thickening during systole. A small apical muscular defect was seen and confirmed with color Doppler interrogation. On pulsed Doppler, there was a restrictive left-to-right flow with a peak instantaneous gradient of 35 mmHg. Of note, coronary artery origins were normal with antegrade flow seen in the left anterior descending artery. The pregnancy had been uncomplicated except for a flu-like illness with fever in the first trimester. Elective chorionic villous sampling for advanced maternal age had shown a normal 46, XY karyotype. An extensive postnatal thrombophilia screening was unremarkable. On re-evaluation at 6 months of age, the septal defect had spontaneously closed. There was, however, a thin, bulging, hypokinetic left ventricular free wall aneurysm [Figure 1(c)]. Serial follow-up imaging over the next 3.5 years noted resolving apical wall hypokinesis, suggestive of continued ventricular remodeling and repair.


More works were needed to increase the accuracy and interpretability of prediction model of wheat grain protein content.The research based on the relationships between GPC-nitrogen-chlorophyll,selecting proper vegetation index by chlorophyll and using partial least squares regression(PLS)method to build monitor model.The results show that flowering period is the optimal period for GPC monitoring.At flowering stage,there is a high correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll with the corresponding density.Five indexes are chosen to build the model to calculating GPC by chlorophyll.Coefficient of determination is 0.77,RMSE is 0.95%.For validating the model by the data of other year,RMSE is 1.22%.The model shows high precision and stability in different years.


Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) has been implemented successfully for uplink communications in 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution. SC-FDMA has low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in contrast to OFDMA due to lower signal envelope fluctuations in SC-FDMA signal. But still, there is a need to minimize PAPR in SC-FDMA systems. Although there are many methods to minimize PAPR in SC-FDMA systems they are highly complex or need side information to be transmitted. This paper proposes a new companding technique based on error function to minimize PAPR of conventional single carrier FDMA system in LTE uplink communications. Additionally, the proposed method improves the BER performance of single carrier FDMA system along with PAPR reduction. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed method provides better PAPR reduction when compared to μ law companding.


Recent research has found fascinating connections between nature exposure and human well-being. In particular, previous research suggests that nature is a restorative environment for attention once an individual experiences mental fatigue. This study investigates whether the viewing of natural environments on television allows for regeneration of attention as well. Participants were assigned to one of four 20 minute study breaks: viewing either a completely natural setting in a park near campus, a semi-built environment on campus, nature TV, or a popular sitcom. There attention was tested before and after the treatments using a backwards digit-span test. While no significant results were found, a trend suggested that nature was the most restorative of the four treatments. This tells us that nature on TV cannot replace the real experience.


 Streaming Real-time video to multiple heterogeneous clients is largely constrained by the available bandwidth. We propose an efficient method to solve the problem of real-time video streaming over heterogeneous networks to heterogeneous clients by using network processors. We use multicast transmission to save a large portion of the available bandwidth. We perform rate shaping by selective frame reject to adapt the system to the current state of the network by means of a feedback control mechanism. We use hierarchical encoding schemes to facilitate easy adaptation of the video content at the routers to suit the display capabilities of the various clients. The solution also fits seamlessly into the existing Internet architecture. The multicast routers alone keep track of vital information about the network traffic levels and clients' display capabilities.. We used a Network processor (IXP 2400) to implement the solution effectively due to its inherent support for network processing tasks, flexibility, speed, and parallelism, all of which is needed for efficiently solving the problem on hand.


Romania must meet, by redimensioning the army, the requirements of the integration process in NATO and EU at the terms employed to the Alliance, according to the objectives assumed by the Defense Planning Directive 06/2006-2011 (DPA-06) for the application of the NATO Ministerial Stipulations, through the fulfillment of the obligations undertaken for the execution of the Force Goals (FGs) and for the NATO Response Force (NRF), in the context of the Prague Commitment Capabilities (PCC).


In the present study, the relationship between wood fiber length and cambial age were determined by different nonlinear models in maple wood. In order to determine of fiber length, three normal trees were selected in Noshahr site. Disks were cut at beast height. Wood samples were prepared along radial position (cambial age) from the pith to the bark. For separation of fibers were used Jeffrey's solution methods. Then relationship between fiber length and cambial age were examined by linear (Y = ax+ b) and different nonlinear regression models. The nonlinear models are including polynomial, logarithmic, power, exponential models. The analysis of variance indicated that this relationship between fiber length-cambial age were significant in all of nonlinear models. There are positive correlation between fiber length and cambial age in all of models. Correlation coefficients (R ) in polynomial models are more than other nonlinear models. 2 The values of fiber length were increased along radial position from pith to the bark (increasing cambial age). The average of fiber length was determined 1.10 mm in maple wood.