Behavioral information security research exhibits a preoccupation with security policy, bureaucratic control, and policy compliance and noncompliance. This preoccupation implicitly treats employees as the sociological archetype described by Whyte (1956), the Organization Man. In doing so, the literature has dedicated less time to the study of other archetypes. In this paper, we compare the Organization Man to the Innovator, an amalgam of the Bricoleur and Engineer archetypes identified by Levi-Strauss (1966). We posit that the Innovator archetype may be more prevalent during times of organizational strain and excess. We develop a theoretical framework to explain how situational factors, namely organizational strain and excess, affect individuals' risk perceptions and their willingness to adopt different archetypal personae (i.e., dispositional factors). The framework further suggests that each archetypal persona will behave differently to common security situations. Finally, the framework suggests that the organization's perceptions of employee behavior will provide a feedback loop that further affects the adoption of different archetypes.


Emissions of nitric oxide (NO) were determined from an intensively managed agricultural soil near Plymouth, in the coastal plain of North Carolina, using the dynamic chamber technique. The measurements were made over a soybean field from July 15 to August 15, 1996, as part of the project Natural Emissions of Oxidant Precursors: Validation of Techniques and Assessment (NOVA). A N-containing fertilizer was applied at the middle of the experiment in order to investigate the effect of N-fertilizers on NO emissions and to test the response of instruments. Soil water content was high during the experimental period, with water-filled pore space ranging from 49% to 67%. NO emission during this period ranged between 0.28 and 18.45 ng N m -2 s -1 , with an overall average of 5.01 ± 3.03 ng N m -2 s -1 . A normal diurnal pattern with low values at nighttime and high values during the day was observed during the prefertilization period, but a reverse diurnal pattern (high at nighttime, low in daytime) of NO emission variation was found during the postfertilization, closed-canopy period, implying that interaction among canopy development, application of fertilization, and soil parameters may affect the diurnal variation of NO emission from soils. The emissions of NO were related to soil temperature, water-filled pore space, and extractable nitrogen. Application of fertilizer at the middle of the experiment was found to disrupt the normal relations between NO emission and soil temperature and water content seen during the prefertilization period but to enhance the positive relation between NO emission and extractable N. An intercomparison of the dynamic chamber technique with the eddy-correlation technique in this experiment indicates that in spite of large differences in the magnitudes of soil NO emission and the NO flux at 5 m, the two fluxes show similar variations with time and are strongly correlated.


A study to record endangered flora and fauna occurring in desert margins programme areas of Bobirwa sub-district and Kgalagadi district was carried out from November 2004 to July 2005. A total of ten species classified as vulnerable according to the world conservation union red list classification were identified in Bobirwa Sub-district and Kgalagadi District. These ten species, found in either/or both areas, included four birds, four mammals and two plants. The bird species were Black Harrier (Circus maurus), Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres) and Lappet-faced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotus). The mammals were Black-footed cat (Felis nigripes), Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Lion (Panthera leo); and the two plant species were Adenium oleifolium and Hoodia currorii subsp. lugardi. Four species common to both areas were Cape Vulture, Lappet-faced Vulture, Cheetah and Lion. However all ten species were confirmed as present in either/or both study areas during the field verification exercise. The study also revealed that there are some taxa, such as fishes and amphibians in Kgalagadi District, for which documented information on their presence/absence is scanty or non-existent. No information exists, at national level, on other entire taxonomic classes, e.g. Arachnids, Centipedes, Millipedes and Crustaceans, etc.


The 11th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS'13) was held on 15–19 September 2013 in Genoa, Italy. A selection of papers, invited by the conference organisers and peer reviewed by the journal, are published here in a special issue of Superconductor Science and Technology. The proceedings, after peer review, are published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series.


This essay explores relations between discourses of sexuality and race in US society today through an analysis of recent sex scandals, in a manner informed by Foucault and provoking further critical development of his theory. Sex scandal narratives demonstrate how sovereignty, discipline, and biopolitics currently combine to form a systemic correlation of power-technologies. This power matrix, in turn, enables strategies of racial domination through the war on terror, immigration control, and economic crisis management. Sex scandals both help bring these racial power-dynamics into view and reproduce them by fortifying the concatenation of power-modalities on which they rely.


Revision total hip arthroplasty is a costly procedure accounting for approximately 14% of all hip arthroplasties. Compounding the cost considerations is the potential for serious injury to the patient when removing existing components. Such injury can result in not only increased morbidity but also dramatically increased costs. The use of computer-assisted navigation in revision total hip arthroplasty, while relatively uncommon, offers surgeons the ability to measure component position and orientation intraoperatively, thus allowing them the opportunity to modify their surgical plan, with the potential for decreasing both costs and iatrogenic injury. Here, we report a case of revision total hip arthroplasty where the use of computer-assisted navigation as a diagnostic tool allowed for intraoperative alterations in surgical plan and resulted in improved post-operative outcomes.


In an earlier paper by the authors1 it was mentioned that atmospheric attenuation effects could be included by assuming that the attenuation is directly proportional to number of air masses. While this assumption is valid for the optical region, it is not true in the microwave region (1 to 40 GHz). For a clear atmosphere, the two constituents which absorb microwaves are oxygen and water vapor. An analysis of the atmospheric attenuation data for the microwave region has been made and some rather simple expressions for computing the attenuation as a function of zenith angle are developed with an accuracy suitable for satellite antenna footprint calculations.


Ordered DNA - silica materials have been efficiently synthesized by using the microemulsion sol - gel procedure. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) spectra showed that the microemulsion systems applied for DNA - silica materials synthesis contain structural units similar in size and shape. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the obtained DNA - silica thin films exhibit an ordered units array pattern structure in micron scale and the structural units channels run parallel with each. The UV - VIS reflectance spectra performed for DNA/Rhodamine - silica materials proved that the structure and properties of native DNA are protected by incorporation. The obtained results assumed a globular shape of the DNA imposed by microemulsion template and the chromophore location into its double helix structure. An improvement of the thermal properties of DNA, incorporated into the DNA - silica material, was observed by the thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA).


Local government education offices Ogan Ilir is the government agency that is engaged in education. Local government education offices Ogan Ilir Inventory goods are now using Information Systems, but has not used a special program to summarize all the information. Given the high level of knowledge of data loss due to mutation and retired employees, the education office there is no one system that can organize, collect, document and knowledge transfer data into information. This situation raises awareness of the importance of the application of process knowledge system (Knowledge Management Sytem). Expected to facilitate the Education Office in processing the inventory of goods, knowledge-coordinated and well-organized. Based on the description above, the authors conducted a study with the title "Designing Knowledge Management Systems In Local Government Education Office Ogan Ilir".


The Earth Observations Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP) is described. This video explains how EOCAP has aided in the development of new and commercial products.


I explored advice acceptance for high-stakes decisions (i.e., those with subjectively important and risky outcomes), focusing on the relative influence of two components of consumer trust—benevolence and expertise—as well as perceived emotional decision difficulty. Participants solicited advice from experts when their decisions were low in perceived emotional difficulty but favored the advice of predominantly benevolent providers when making highly emotionally difficult decisions. Although consumers who faced emotionally difficult decisions were willing to trade off expertise for benevolence, they did not perceive this non-normative trade-off to influence decision quality. Instead, the results support a "stress buffering" effect whereby consumers were more confident in the accuracy of predominantly benevolent providers' advice.


The oxidation behavior of NBD 200 Si3N4 containing 1 wt% MgO sintering aid was investigated in oxygen at 900°-1300°C. The oxide growth followed a parabolic rate law with an apparent activation energy of 260 kJ/mol. The oxide layers were enriched with sodium and magnesium because of outward diffusion of intergranular Na+ and Mg2+ cations in the ceramics. The 2-4 orders of magnitude higher oxidation rate for NBD 200 Si3N4 than for other Si3N4 ceramics with a similar amount of MgO could be attributed to the presence of sodium. The oxidation process was most likely rate limited by grain-boundary diffusion of Mg2+.


Abstract:This case study focuses on women in Pakistan's Red Mosque movement to illuminate the contradictory ways that gender was deployed to serve the goals of the larger movement. In this paper, I analyze the local performances and strategies through which women and girls in the Red Mosque movement 1) articulate and enact a bold and public political subjectivity that defies traditional constructions of femininity in Pakistan and 2) issue harsh critiques of the Pakistani state as emasculated in and through its role as an ally of the US-led War on Terror. My analysis reveals the narrative strategies through which women in this group link their confrontational and "unfeminine" agitations to the failures of the patriarchal state to protect its vulnerable populations from foreign political and cultural encroachments. These contradictory gendered deployments, I suggest, played a key role in amplifying this group's visibility both within and beyond Pakistan.


Background: Several advantages have been reported for the use of immobilized cells in fermentative processes, including increased cell stability that may often result in increased cell productivity 1 . In addition; the easier separation of the cells from the fermentation broth allows repeated batch operations and facilitates isolation and purification of the products. Nevertheless, good performance of systems based on immobilized cells mainly depends on the right selection of the immobilization carrier.


This paper presents ongoing research and current results on the development of flexible access control infrastructure for complex resource provisioning (CRP) in Grid-based applications. The paper proposes a general CRP model and specifies major requirements to the Authorisation (AuthZ) service infrastructure to support multidomain CRP, focusing on two main issues - policy expression for complex resource models and AuthZ session support. The paper provides suggestions about using XACML and its special profiles to describe access control policies to complex resources and briefly describes proposed XML based AuthZ ticket format to support extended AuthZ session context. Additionally, the paper discusses what specific functionality can be added to the gLite Java Authorisation Framework (gJAF), to handle dynamic security context including AuthZ session support. The paper is based on experiences gained from major Grid based and Grid oriented projects such as EGEE, Phosphorus and GigaPort Research on Network.


The effect of substituting iron by aluminium on the Curie and the spin reorientation temperatures in R 2 Fe 14−x Al x B compounds (R=Nd,Er) has been studied by the measurements of the temperature dependence of magnetization and ac-susceptibility. The decrease of the Curie temperature of both systems with increasing x is explained by the molecular field model. The change of the spin reorientation temperatures with increasing aluminium concentration is discussed in the combined crystal field-exchange field model


The use of 18F-2-Fluoro-2-Desoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has become an integral part of patient management in many lymphoid malignancies. However, the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in some indolent lymphoid malignancies with commonly low FDG-avidity, including Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) can still be challenging in clinical routine [1-3,6,9]. CLL is defined as a low-grade proliferative B-cell proliferative disease often indolent, which can in about 5% of the cases turn into a more aggressive malignancy, most commonly into Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). This transformation is called Richter transformation, often detected too late and associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, accurate imaging of CLL at an early stage could be useful for the management of the disease and improve patient'ssurvival [4,5,7,8,10].


New developments of electromagnetic type focused shock waves generators (ESWG) are presented: generator with foil tape inductor, generator with coaxial inductor and the three beam generator. The new high current circuits of discharge contours of generators are considered: a contour with the pulsing transformer and contour with crowbar. On the basis of electromechanical model of the electromagnetic generator, including the equation of a membrane or cylindrical shell motion and equation of a discharge circuit, simulation and optimization of designs of generators for parameters of acoustic shock wave pulses used in a lithotriptor is given. The technical decisions directed on increase of reliability, stability and decrease of the operational charges are considered. Experimental model of the generator with foil tape inductor ensuring regulation of the spatial and temporary characteristics of a shock wave in focal zone is described. The research results of new applications of shock waves generators in biology and medicine are submitted: permeabilization of tumor cells under simultaneous action of shock waves and pulsing electrical fields, transfection of gene under action of shock waves, sterilization of liquids.


The article provides an overview of predominantly foreign works on intelligent data analysis in education. Prospects of the specified direction for the creation in the educational organizations of systems of an assessment of quality of education and for implementation of adaptive training in accordance with dynamically constituted individual educational tracks are discussed. The article presents the first, most promising steps in this direction, which may be implemented by a school or University considering the fact that research work in the national pedagogy in the described direction has just started and on the market there is not non-professional oriented users' software. Attention is drawn to the strong, the weak, and problem points of the approaches, based on the processing of large data sets with a view to improving the quality of education in the school and university. The article presents the examples used in education systems based on above mentioned approaches for large sets of data mining.


Objective To introduce a new surgical method that can improve the effect of treatment of osmidrosis. Methods Marking line beyond the area of armpit hair 1cm to 1.5cm had been drawn before operation. In this marked area, 0.25 percent lidocaine with 1:200 000 epinephrine was used for local tumescent anesthesia, then a 1cm to 1.5cm length mini-incision was made at the fold in the axillary vertex. Through this incision, undermining and subcutaneous shearing were done at the first surgery step to snip the conduits of axillary apocrine sweat gland and remove a majority of hair follicles and axillary apocrine sweat gland, the skin in the marked area had became full- thickness graft-liked. At the second surgery step, the superficial fascia in the axillary area in which a large amount of hair follicles and axillary apocrine sweat gland remain( it was proved by pathology ) was removed by means of scissors. It is necessary to give a pressure dressing to the operative area. Results From Jun. 2005 to Jul. 2007, 37cases were treated with this method, 32cases of them were followed up from the postoperative 6th month to the postoperative 18th month, everyone declared that he had obtained a satisfactory result with no any complication and unconspicuous scar. Conclusion This surgery method is effective, safe and simple to treat osmidrosis, as well as it can meet the requirement of the surgery of plastic and aesthetic better.


Every angler knows that a fishing line breaks easily at the place of a tight knot. In their report ([1][1]) "How strong is a covalent bond?" Michel Grandbois et al. present a "fly fishing method" for measuring the force needed to break long polysaccharide chains. In these experiments, a


A software defined storage environment is one in which logical storage resources and services are completely abstracted from physical storage systems. Therefore, not only can storage resources cross physical boundaries, but they can also be defined by software and provisioned automatically, for instance, by the applications that consume them. In this paper, we present a novel software defined cooperative caching (SDCC) framework that operates at the block layer and manages the placement of data in different tiers and caches that span multiple servers and storage systems in an integrated and coherent fashion. A programming interface complements the core framework by giving the applications an interface to control data organization across the storage, thereby allowing the block storage infrastructure to be software defined. The SDCC framework allows applications to actively influence the data layout while also benefitting from the system-wide knowledge and resource management capabilities of the storage system. We present an experimental study conducted using real workloads, and the results demonstrate the performance benefits gained with SDCC, as well as the potential for consolidating multiple different workloads that share the same storage server.


Forty-nine observers flew 72 replicate counts over four fenced 1-square-mile (2.6 km'2) moose (Alces alces) enclosures. Under the most ideal conditions, experienced observers flying 15 minutes over each square mile in PA-18-150 aircraft saw only 68 percent of the moose present. Inexperienced observers saw 43 percent. Accuracy of counts was significantly affected by observer experience and currency, by number of observers, by snow conditions, by habitat and terrain, and by time of day. Moose density did not affect accuracy of counts at densities of seven or more per square mile. Counts were relatively precise within individual experienced observers (C.V. = 7-18 percent) and within some experience-current groups (C.V. = 8.5-9.9 percent). Experienced observers without current experience were both imprecise (C.V. = 24 percent) and inaccurate (46 percent). Aerial counts are not considered valid estimates of absolute moose numbers, but may be used as trend indicators in carefully controlled situations. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 38(2):175-182 Aerial censusing is presently the only practical way to estimate moose numbers in most of North America (Rausch and Bratlie 1965, Rausch and Bishop 1968, Bishop 1969, Bergerud and Manuel 1969). Determination of the extent to which such methods underestimate numbers has remained a problem when absolute numbers are sought. Benson (1966), Goddard (1966), and Bergerud (1968) have reviewed aerial censusing techniques and have suggested that substantial errors are inherent in most. Caughley and Goddard (1972) have suggested statistical methods for estimating these errors. Siniff and Skoog's (1964) random stratified, quadrat sampling method, modified for moose by Evans et al. (1966), made population estimations more plausible, but these techniques were still predicated on knowing what proportion of animals flown over were actually observed. More recently Mantle (1972) in Ontario and Jordan on Isle Royale (Personal communication) have xperimented with aggregate-related counting methods and new flight-path techniques. Many people participated and assisted in this study. We thank all counters and pilots involved. Special thanks go to A. Anderson of Andy's Flying Service, Inc. (Kenai) for his skillful piloting and other assistance, to R. A. Richey of the Kenai National Moose Range, and to J. L. Davis and L. Nichols, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. J. L. Oldemeyer, A. W. Franzmann, D. E. McKnight, and R. H. Bishop read the manuscript and offered helpful suggestions. J. L. Oldemeyer and S. J. Harbo offered statistical assistance during study design and analysis.


This article provides an unsystematic literature review devoted to analyzing the currently existing methods of functional diagnostics for age-related macular degeneration.The essence, advantages and disadvantages, and literature data on the use of such methods asphotostresstest, electrooculography, dark adaptation study, contrast sensitivity function assessment, light and color sensitivity study,electroretinographyand critical flicker fusion frequencyare described.Based on the analysis of literature data, itis shownthat currently, there is a need to searchfor informative and accessible methods of functional diagnostics in age-related macular degeneration, especially for its early diagnosis. The analysis has shown that the existing methods are mainly aimed either at fixing secondary morphological changes in the layer of pigment epithelial cells, at identifying the pathology of the pigment epithelium in conjunction with determining the function of photoreceptor elements, or at a comprehensive assessment of the structures of several layers of the retina. Keywords:age-related macular degeneration; methods of functional diagnostics; photostress test; electrooculography; contrast sensitivity


Developments in university libraries in recent years in reader services, instruction in library use, and subject specialization go only a small way to meeting the problems created by the "information explosion". Reasons why more dynamic and personal information services for scientists and social scientists should be developed include the limitations in researchers' present use of libraries and information, the preference of users for informal channels of communication, increasing pressures on the time of university teachers, and problems associated with computer retrieval systems. Specialist posts of information officer should be created as part of the library services, but with functions distinct from those of the librarian; difficulties that may arise with their location and operation are discussed. The cost of information services in depth is heavy, but it may be possible to develop them within the existing budget by a realloeation of funds and staff duties.


Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the stereoregularity of radically polymerized poly(ethyl acrylates), poly(trimethylsilyl acrylates), and poly(isopropyl acrylate-α,β-d2). The ethyl acrylate polymers consisted of a random configuration having about 50% of isotactic diads, and their stereoregularities were independent of the polymerization temperature (40 to −78°C). Poly(trimethylsilyl acrylates) and poly(isopropyl acrylate-α,β-d2) prepared at low temperatures had a syndiotactic configuration. Syndiotactic poly(methyl acrylate) was derived from syndiotactic poly(trimethylsilyl acrylate). For poly(methyl acrylate), an approximate estimation of the stereoregularity by infrared spectroscopy was proposed.


The invention provides a turbine shell location degree detection tool which can improve detection efficiency, is suitable for a quick detection link in the mass production process, reduces use requirement of detection staff, and further reduces detection cost. The turbine shell location degree detection tool comprises a bottom plate, wherein bottom feet are arranged on the bottom face of the bottom plate and located on four corners of the bottom plate. The turbine shell location degree detection tool is characterized by comprising a limit structure and a location degree detection structure, and the limit structure and the location degree detection structure are arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate. The location degree detection structure comprises a measurement seat, a rough locator, adjusting screws and a dial gauge measurement body. The measurement seat is perpendicularly arranged on the bottom plate through a bolt, and two detection through holes are horizontally formed in the measurement seat, and two detection through holes are longitudinally formed in the measurement seat. Measurement sleeves are inserted in the detection through holes, and the rough locator is arranged on one side, facing a turbine shell to be detected, of the measurement seat. The lower portions of the measurement seat and the rough locator are provided with threaded holes, and the adjusting screws are arranged in the threaded holes. The turbine shell to be detected is arranged on the bottom plate through the limit structure, and one end, with an air outlet face, of the turbine shell to be detected faces the measurement seat.


T1HE INNER COHERENCE of Dryden's Fables (1700) quickly becomes evident as one notices the repeated situations and character types. Though Dryden has grouped together translations (from Boccaccio, Ovid, Chaucer, and Homer) with only four poems of his own, the effect of the total work is that it is original.' What Dryden was saying in the Fables is a further question. The meaning of each poem depends not on its original but on the surrounding context of poems between which one can draw parallels and concrete relationships. The series of comparisons between the poets in Dryden's Preface suggests that he expected his readers to find parallels, diverse as the poets are. However, the special praise of Chaucer's poetry and the attempt to make him an equal of Homer and Virgil imply that the comparisons are not wholly objective. The poets form a historical continuum, from the heroic age in Greece, to a civilized but still pagan Rome, to the fourteenth-century Boccaccio and Chaucer, and finally to Dryden himself. This distribution through time implies that Dryden's plan was typological-although these poets all had similar insights into human nature, their capacity for moral judgment improved with the development of civilization in time, with a crucial change occurring at the birth of Christ. Dryden's treatment of his central themes and the structure of the Fables bear this out. The Fables is a variety of epic,2 but one whose main action is to undermine the motives behind the violent actions of classical epic and to substitute the Christian virtues of charity and natience. which could


1. A process for producing a compound represented by formula (3) below, in which is reacted a compound represented by the following formula (1), with a compound represented by the following formula (2): ! wherein in the formula (1) Rf represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is substituted by at least one fluorine atom, and X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group or carbonyloxy; ! ! wherein in the formula (2) R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group which may be substituted, an arylalkyl group which may be substituted, an acyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted, or an atomic group that forms a 5- or 6-membered ring containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms, the nitrogen atom to which R1 and R2 are linked , and 0 or 1 hetero atom, wherein the nitrogen atom to which svya are attached R1 and R2, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group which may be substituted, or an arylalkyl group which may be substituted ; ! ! and wherein in formula (3) Rf, R1, R2 and R3 have the same meanings as described above. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an atomic group that forms a 5- or 6-membered ring, containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 hetero atom with the nitrogen atom to cat


With the increasing importance of platform ecosystems for value creation and capture in the emerging economies, the platform ecosystems have also proliferated across the circular economy in the built environment. Platform ecosystems are a useful medium that connects and enables seemingly geographically dispersed and diverse businesses to exchange products and services. Initiating and designing a new platform ecosystem for the circular economy in the built environment is challenging. Thus, our case study explores the challenges of initiating and designing an emerging platform ecosystem for the recirculation of the construction waste materials and industrial production side streams across the built environment. This study presents the challenges of an initiative by the several platform owners that combined their capabilities and resources in one efficient network to support circular economy growth in the built environment. Specifically, we offer insights into how several platform owners initiative and design multi-platform ecosystems. A specific challenge identified in this study is the design of the multi-platform ecosystem for equal value creation and capture by the platform owners. This study further draws recommendations for the policymakers while contributing to the literature on the platformization for the circular economy in the built environment.


Based on the capital asset pricing model, this paper divides the value of human capital into internal value and external value by sources of risk. By human capital pricing model, it gives the reasonable explanation that human capital pricing is mainly on calculating the internal value which is changed with external risk. In order to reveal human capital's Matthew Effect, threshold panel models are applied in this paper to find out the thresholds instead of average years of schooling, which overcomes the normal methods'deficiencies and is more effective to express the spillover effects of human capital. In addition, the model given in this paper not only gives us a new method to price current human capital by internal and external factors, it can also calculate dynamically future human capital price. Furthermore, it is easy to extend the model by subdividing the variables of industries and position to get much accurate human capital price which is practical applicability in real world.


Understanding factors affecting cell invasion influences the design of engineered constructs for tissue regeneration. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness on invasion of tumor cells through a synthetic hydrogel with well-defined properties. A novel star acrylate-functionalized polyethylene glycol-co-lactide (SPELA) macromer was synthesized to produce hydrogels with well-defined water content, elastic modulus, degree of crosslinking and hydrophilicity. The hydrogel was formed by photopolymerization of the macromer with or without integrin-binding cell adhesive RGD peptide. Cell invasion experiments were carried out in a transwell with SPELA hydrogel as the invading matrix and 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. The invading cells on the lower membrane side were counted with an inverted fluorescent microscope. The concentration of SPELA macromer ranged from 10-25 wt% and that of RGD ranged from 1x10 -4 to 1x10 -2 M. The shear modulus of the hydrogel varied from 200 Pa to 25 kPa as the SPELA concentration increased from 10 to 25 wt%. Cell invasion slightly increased with increasing RGD concentration. However, RGD concentration >1% resulted in a significant decrease in cell migration. As the matrix stiffness increased from 0.15 to 0.4, 3, 5, 6, 14, and 25 kPa the invasion rate decreased from 18.0 to 5.5, 6, 5.7, 5.2, 1.5, and 1.0 cells/mm 2 /h, respectively. There was a sharp decrease in invasion rate for matrix stiffness greater than 10 kPa. Results demonstrate that matrix stiffness plays a major role in invasion of tumor cell through a gelatinous matrix.


A model predictive control-based scheduler for a class of discrete event systems is designed and developed. We focus on repetitive, multiple-input, multiple-output, and directed acyclic graph structured systems on which capacity constraints can be imposed. The target system's behaviour is described by linear equations in max-plus algebra, referred to as state-space representation. Assuming that the system's performance can be improved by paying additional cost, we adjust the system parameters and determine control inputs for which the reference output signals can be observed. The main contribution of this research is twofold, 1: For systems with capacity constraints, we derived an output prediction equation as functions of adjustable variables in a recursive form, 2: Regarding the construct for the system's representation, we improved the structure to accomplish general operations which are essential for adjusting the system parameters. The result of numerical simulation in a later section demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed controller.


Over the last decade, there has been an increasing pressure on scholars in the humanities to articulate the value of their work in terms of measurable social, cultural, or economic 'impact.' In light of these developments, this year's theme for the Utrecht University annual Humanities Graduate Conference was 'What's the Point? Impact and the Future of the Humanities.' This issue of Junctions developed in close collaboration with this conference, and is centered around the topic of 'Questioning Value.' What does value mean in the context of academia? How are the humanities dealing with the validity of their research, and with financial pressure? In this issue, articles and book reviews of junior scholars are brought together to critically reflect on these, and more, questions.


Purpose : To investigate the time-course of chromosomal aberrations following radiations of differing LET. Materials and Methods : Syrian hamster embryonic cells were irradiated with nitrogen ions (LET infinity = 530 keV/ μ m) and helium-ions (LET infinity = 36 and 77 keV/ μ m), also 137 Cs γ-rays as a reference radiation. The frequency of chromatid-type aberrations was determined after 0–6 h incubation in a 5% CO 2 incubator at 37°C. Results : The amount of chromosomal damage per cell for nitrogen ions detected immediately after irradiation was lower than induced by 137 Cs gamma-rays. In contrast, helium ions were more effective than gamma rays in inducing chromatid type damage. The RBE values for the nitrogen-ion beams were 0.45 for gaps, 0.43 for deletions and 0.20 for exchanges. For helium-ion beams, the RBE values for the 36 keV/mum beams and the 77keV/ μ m beams were 1.2 and 1.5 for gaps, 1.3 and 2.1 for deletions, and 1.5 and 1.9 for exchanges, respectively. The frequency of cells with chromosomal damage following exposure to γ-rays and helium-ion beams showed a downward trend with increasing incubation period. In contrast, in the case of nitrogen-ion beams, there was an increase with the incubation period. Conclusions : The results show that it is possible to underestimate chromosomal damage for different types of radiation by scoring aberrations at a single fixed sampling time.


The one pot synthesis of a new fused 1,2,5-triazepine-3,6-diones, 1,2,5-triazepine-3,7-diones heterocyles has been described via Petasis reactions. These heterocycles might be suitable for elaboration into larger peptides at amino termini. The scope and limitations of this method have been examined.


Abstract This note evaluates the application of rules on judicial independence and impartiality in two international decisions issued in 2004 – the ICJ Order on Composition in the Wall Advisory Proceedings and the disqualification decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone in Sesay – and compares them with a code of judicial conduct recently prepared by an ILA study group (the Burgh House Principles on the Independence of the International Judiciary). We assert that the approach taken by the ICJ in Wall is excessively restrictive and is out of step with contemporary tendencies to embrace stricter standards of judicial independence and impartiality.


Abstract 1281 Poster Board I-303 Many oncogenes code for transcription factors involved in regulation of developmental pathways. The activity of these pathways is tissue specific and restricted to certain developmental stages. Here, we searched for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) oncogenes which physiologically regulate differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells. NK- and T-cells are closely related lymphocytes, sharing the same early progenitors which can differentiate into either lineage. We compared expression profiles of malignant NK- and T-cell lines to identify aberrantly expressed genes in T-ALL. This analysis revealed high expression of HOXA9, HOXA10 and ID2 in NK-cell lines and in one T-ALL line, LOUCY, suggesting leukemic deregulation therein. Subsequently, we analyzed mechanisms underlying their regulation. Overexpression and chromatin immuno-precipitation experiments demonstrated that HOXA9 and HOXA10 directly activate ID2 expression. Analysis of other ALL and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines with and without mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene translocations demonstrated a correlated expression of HOXA9/10 and ID2, highlighting ID2 as an indirect target of MLL fusion proteins which deregulate HOXA genes. Furthermore, profiling data of genes coding for chromatin regulators of homeobox genes, including the components EZH2 and HOP of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), showed downregulation of EZH2 in LOUCY and limited expression of HOP to NK-cell lines. Subsequent treatment of T-ALL cell lines JURKAT and LOUCY with DZNep, an inhibitor of EZH2/PRC2, resulted in elevated and unchanged HOXA9/10 expression levels, respectively, confirming repressive activity of EZH2 in T-cells. Additionally, profiling data and overexpression analysis indicated that reduced expression of E2F cofactor TFDP1 contributed to the lack of EZH2 in LOUCY. Forced expression of HOP in JURKAT cells resulted in reduced HOXA10 and ID2 expression levels, suggesting enhancement of PRC2 repression. Taken together, our results show that major differentiation factors of the NK-cell lineage, including HOXA9, HOXA10 and ID2, were (de)regulated via PRC2 and may contribute to T-cell leukemogenesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Hakka culture dress is a very representative symbol.Its characteristics lies not only in the symbolic significance of visual symbols,and more reflects in: it is hakka hakka notation,formation of life and existence state of characterization,hakka self-reinforcing personality symbol,and so on.Because of these,the hakka traditional clothing in the present foreign symbols shock,modern symbols change scene,still has great enlightenment value and use value.


The purpose of this article is to measure the level of local government autonomy by focusing on the perspective of the local civil service. Local government autonomy can be defined as the freedom to exercise choice in local policy-making and the capacity to influence the well-being of local residents. To measure the local government autonomy, this study performs a survey, which is answered by 930 local employees of 12 local governments. Based on the results of the survey, this study has the following findings; First, the survey suggests that we should try to decrease central constraints and exempt local governments from central control in order to enlarge the local government autonomy. Most of the local civil service admitted the existence of the central control such as rules and regulations, informal advices, and financial control. Second, the survey also suggests that differential decentralization is a promising way to increase the local government autonomy. This kind of decentralization system is to provide the capable localities with more discretion and power than the less capable localities. But it is essential to develop the renewed performance indicators for this system to be successful. Because some ill-performance localities can resist the evaluation results by central government and consequent low-devolution. Therefore, we should design the evaluative mechanism which make the system work effectively.


2∗ Abstract Given an infinite set X and an ideal I of subsets of X, the set of all finitary operations on X which map all (powers of) I-small sets to I-small sets is a clone. In (2), G. Czedli and L. Heindorf asked whether or not for two particular ideals I and J on a countably infinite set X, the corresponding ideal clones were a covering in the lattice of clones. We give an affirmative answer to this question.


We present calculated cross sections and rates for dissociative recombination of the ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ molecular ion in the energy range 0.1 meV\char21{}2.0 eV. We used the multichannel quantum defect theory applied to the molecular case, with ionization and dissociation channels simultaneously included. A comparative study has been performed for different isotopic compositions of the ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ ion, different initial rovibrational states of the ion, and three dissociation paths: the lowest dissociative states ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}{,}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+},$ and ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$ of the ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}$ molecule for which autoionization widths are obtained by the complex Kohn variational method.


Mankind has created a future where there are three distinct genetic variations of human being and technology lets you alter your genetics at will; how do you define humanity in the face of that? That is the overall theme of these five short sci-fi stories: figuring out what it means to be human in an era where gender, sex, genealogy, science, race, and religion have all morphed into atypical forms. What is different from the past, what is the same as the past, and is there actually any real difference between then and now? When technology makes resources nearly unlimited, faster-than-light travel possible, and planetary overpopulation a non-issue, how do you justify war? When an exponentially growing population of non-traditional human beings can both spread and carry seed in the same body, how do you justify homophobia and sexual discrimination? How do you relate to a person who has no need or reason to identify with one sex or another because they are both? What happens to religious culture when sex and gender lose their potency as tools of discrimination? Neo Sapiens are the social monkey wrench prompting these questions in a future where traditional Homo Sapiens are still the dominant genetic variant of the species, but the growing presence of their Neo Sapien cousins cannot be ignored. The Del Rio family is the focus of the narrative because they are a dynasty with extensive influence, full of extremely flawed people.


The phenomenon of one‐dimensional steady condensation of pure vapor at the plane surface of a liquid is considered from the kinetic theory viewpoint. The vapor is treated as a perfect gas without internal degrees of freedom. For the description of this problem the full nonlinear BGK model equation is used. For the solution of the BGK model equation the method of discrete ordinates is applied. The calculations are carried out for water vapor. As a result the temperature and density distributions in the vapor phase are obtained and also for a given temperature difference the net condensation molecular flux rate is determined, depending on the condensation and evaporation coefficients which are treated as parameters.


Unless you have a complete and precise description of a product's requirements, it is very unlikely that those requirements will be satisfied. An incomplete or inconsistent requirements document can mislead developers. A collection of statements in English, or some other natural language, cannot be checked for completeness and will not be precise. Even if you translate an informal requirements statement into a mathematical language, and show that the result is complete and unambiguous; the original may still be faulty. This talk describes a sound procedure for documenting requirements one that lets you know when your document is complete and consistent. Documents produced by following this procedure can be reviewed by potential users and specialists and can serve as the input to tools that generate prototypes and monitors. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 2 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2 /2/03 The Responsibilities of an Engineer An Engineer's responsibility includes making sure that products are "fit for use". This requires precise, detailed, communication with the application experts. Communication must be on the basis of a written statement of the requirements: • that can be read and analysed by both users and implementors • that can be used to evaluate the product after completion • that can be used to settle disputes after completion. • that can be used to communicate the eventual changes that are required. No engineer can fulfil his/her responsibilities without such a document. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 3 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 A Small Horror Story that is Close to my Heart. Product: A motion sensitive pacemaker Situation: Rarely needed, only if heart rate drops to low for activity level. Software: Measures acceleration, estimates activity level, computes expected heart rate, intervenes (causing some discomfort) if rate is lower than expected. • Parameters include resting heart rate and slope of curve. • Resting heart rate can only be set in multiples of 10. This does not meet patient's requirements. Software requirements were never documented or reviewed by users. Those with a resting heart rate between the possible set points will have to chose between too low and too high. Some of the parameters not meaningful to doctors they use default values. No instructions are given to doctors. I hope that this would not have happened if the planned behaviour had been communicated to doctors and they had reviewed them carefully. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 4 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2 /2/03 Why Programmers Should Not Make User-visible Decisions Context: • U.S. attack aircraft with two altimeters; pilot can choose the preferred one • Software checks functionality, switches to other device if readings are unreasonable. Question: What should we do if both altimeters are broken? • Programmer asks pilot: What is average altitude of flight? • Program displays the average altitude when no altimeter is functional. The answer to the real question: Flash Pull-Up cue. The result: Pilots have been trained to watch for "average" altitude appearing for more than a few seconds and told to "pull up" if that happens. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 5 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2 /2/03 A Small Success Story PROSYS: A small Software Company in Germany Developer and customer sit down and complete • A list of quantities of interest • A set of tables They check for completeness and consistency. They initial the tables. The tables are used to develop the software. 60% of the code can be generated by simple tools. The software is almost right. There is no doubt about who pays for each "fix". The Secret: The tables constitute a precise requirements document. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 6 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2 /2/03 Building on Rock vs. Building on Sand My basic assumptions: • Software that is "almost right" is wrong. • Imprecisely defined notation leads to software that is almost right. • Notations used in tools are precisely defined, but that definition may not be clear and simple. (e.g. Statecharts) • Mathematical definitions of software notations are essential, but must be simple and based on standard mathematics. • Mathematics can be simple and not fundamentally new. • Undefined Modelling Languages (UMLs) are quicksand. • Documentation can be useful for design, review, implementation, testing and maintenance. • More practical difficulties with documentation result from issues about the required content of documents than from issues about format. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 7 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 What Could we do with Mathematical Descriptions of software? (1) Describe software products that we already have so that people can answer questions about them without reading the code. (2) Write specifications for software products we do not yet have so that the programmers and clients can reach agreement on the requirements. (3) Verify that a product meets its requirements (testing and/or inspection). (4) Build tools to check specifications (5) Build tools to simulate systems and check systems. What are the Acceptance Criteria for the Descriptions? (1) Descriptions must be easier to understand than the code. (2) Documentation must state the requirements in a way that does not restrict the solutions unnecessarily. (3) Testing and proof could eventually be automated. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 8 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 Are Programs Different From Other Engineering Products? Before we had computers, engineers used classical mathematics to describe and analyse their products. In Computer Science, most researchers have turned to newly invented "languages". We are using software to replace conventional products. Why can't we simply go on using the mathematics we used to use? • Wrong Answer: Conventional products are inanimate objects. • Wrong Answer: We need to describe the procedure followed by the program. • Right Answer: The functions have many more points of discontinuity. We will return to this point later. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 9 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 The Purpose of a Requirements Document We are talking about a technical document written for developers. • Requirements documentation should not be a sales pitch! • Requirements documentation should not be an introduction. • Requirements documentation should serve as a reference document during development. • Requirements documentation should prevent programmers from taking unilateral decisions that should be made with others. • Requirements documentation should be used for design reviews. • Requirements documentation should be used for test case generation and test result evaluation. • Requirements documentation should be used, and kept up to date, during maintenance. • Requirements documentation can be modified to specify revisions. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 10 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2 /2/03 The Goals of the Requirements Phase A. Decide what to build before starting to build it: • Make "what decisions" explicitly before design, not implicitly during design. • Make sure you build what is needed. • Allow future users, or representatives, to comment before the product is built. B. Provide an organised reference document for the software developers: • Provide accurate, consistent information. • Answer constraint questions only once. • Relieve them of any need to decide what is best for the user. • Compensate for their ignorance of the application environment. • Give them the information needed to make good design decisions. • Allow her to make accurate estimates of time and resources needed. C. Allow for personnel turnover. • Record what has been learned for future replacements. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 11 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 The Goals Of The Requirements Phase D. Provide a reference document for a Quality Assurance Group • Test design should not depend on program. • Authority required:---Q.A. and programmer may disagree. E. Specify all constraints on the implementation • Know what you're up against. • Have some "protection" against customer changes. • Be able to judge feasibility and cost. F. Specify constraints for future revisions. Note: A requirements document is not a "write, use (at most) once and discard" document. A good document, properly maintained, will be useful until the product is discarded and possibly for the next product. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 12 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 Writing Down Requirements The most costly errors are those made early in the process Early errors are the hardest to change. Misunderstandings about requirements lead to early mistakes. Programmers need to be told what is needed now; they must also be told what is subject to change. Requirements must be subject to review. Safety reviews of software should be based on the statement of requirements, not the code. Maintenance actions must be based on requirements. None of this is possible unless we have a written statement to work with. That written statement must be precise and complete. That written statement must be organized for reference so that information appears in a specified place and will not be missing or (almost) duplicated. • SOFTWARE QUALITY RESEARCH LABORATORY • University of Limerick 13 /45 req_slides_landscape.fm 2/2/03 The Two-variable Model The "traditional model" of a hardware/software system is based on two assumptions. • The system has inputs and outputs. • The outputs are a mathematical function of the inputs. In this model, the inputs are the actual physical inputs to the hardware/ software system. The


: The evaluation and introduction of new guava genotypes with important trails for breading are very important for guava growers. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) to evaluate some morphological and productivity characteristics of thirteen genotypes of seedy guava trees with about 22 years old, grown in Baramoon experimental farm, horticulture research institute Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. This evaluation included vegetative growth, yield and quality of fruits. Results showed that all studied characters revealed significant differences among 13 tested genotypes. The genotype 8 was found superior on over all genotypes, in terms of yield (68.02 kg/tree), fruit number 602 fruits, fruit weight (113 g), fruit volume (99.22 ml), fruit length (8.3 cm), fruit diameter (7.3 cm), pulp thickness (2.33 cm), seed weight to fruit weight ratio (1.42 %), firmness (4.51 Kg/cm ), total soluble solids (TSS) (13.34 °Brix), titratable acidity 2 (TA) of guava fruit (0.29 %) and ascorbic acid or vitamin C (98.52 mg/100g) and is recommended to be propagated and distributed to growers.


'Business as usual' has come under heavy scrutiny. Public outrage over crooked corporate officers, the looting of pension funds, the defrauding of stockholders, and the wholesale firing of hardworking employees has reached a new high (see e.g. Jackson and Nelson 2004; Pirson 2007). Not only the anti-globalization movement of the far left, but also more traditional thinkers and the public in general are becoming increasingly uncomfortable with corporate power and influence. Overall, the criticism leveled at current capitalism is that it fails to be life-conducive. It is insufficiently set up to fulfill authentic human needs (Diener and Seligman 2004) or, in humanistic terms, it fails to make "humans the measure of all things" (Protagoras). Consequently, current business organizations are facing a predicament that Jackson and Nelson (2004: 19) compare to a "perfect storm." In the following chapter, the author examines how organizations can weather the "perfect storm" by learning from a newly emerging field called social entrepreneurship.


This paper describes using of nanotextile materials in the filtration device to remove microbial pollution. Nanotextile is non-woven textile formed by fibres with average length 50-300 nm. The size of pores is 0.30 μm ± 0.12 μm, it means membrane should be able to catch every microorganisms. For microbial simulation was selected Escherichia coli, occurs in digestive tract of warm-blooded animals and it is indicator of fecal contamination of water. Contaminated water was filtered under pressure 0.5 bar (50 kPa) and subsequently was performed microbial analysis of filtrate. As control sample was used unfiltered contaminated water. A high efficiency of selected filtration materials are shown in the conclusions of our paper. Key-Words: Escherichia coli, nanotextiles, filtration Introduction In recent years, nanomaterials (NM) are in centre of scientific interest and began to be used in various fields of industry, agriculture, pharmacy or medicine [1]. The basic building elements of NM are nanoparticles [2]. Nanoparticles (NP) are characterized by size about 1-100 nm at least in one dimension and they have different shapes: nanotubes, nanofibres, crystalline structures or fullerenes. NP occur in nature as secondary products of industrial processes. They are part of atmospheric particles and natural events as eruptions, erosions and fires. The count of products made from NM is estimated to be hundred to thousands tons per year and these numbers will increase [3]. NM can be made from any substance. In nanoform is available 44 elements of The Periodic Table of Elements and their compounds. Nowadays, are most commonly used NM from metals (nanosilver, nanoiron), silicon, carbon (dendrimers, carbon nanotubes) and from metal oxides (titanium, zinc, cerium) [4]. NM apply as support for catalysts, sunscreen components, components into silicon chips or to strengthen tennis rackets [5]. To NM are added phtalocyanines (FTC) due to their antimicrobial properties. FTC are 2D synthetic analogues of porphyrine, consisting from four isoindol subunits connect with nitrogen atoms. FTC and their metal derivates are used in preparation of pigments and dyes, they are also applicable in the manufacture of electronic and optoelectronic devices [6]. Fig. 1 Phtalocyanine molecule (Internet) This paper deals with the usage of nanofibrous materials modified with FTC. The paper follows previous experiments with nanofibrous structures, designed for the filtration of water. With FTC modification we wish to increase the removal of microorganisms.


The excessive growth of algae is the main reason for water blooms, how to detect the algae concentration is an important task right now. Based on the characteristics of algae chlorophyll-a fluorescence spectra, it designs a detection device of algae concentration, analyzes the basic theory of detection method, explains the structure of this detection and test process. by the experiments and data analysis, the results show that this detection has the feature of convenient and useful. the precision is 0.1μg/L. Algae concentration and fluorescence ratio come into linear relationship obviously. the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9987. by using division circuit, the relationship between excitation and fluorescence ratio gets better.


The paper describes an inductive learning environment called DELVAUX for classification tasks that learns PROSPECTOR-style, Bayesian rules from sets of examples. A genetic algorithm approach is used for learning Bayesian rule-sets, in which a population consists of sets of rule-sets that generate offspring through the exchange of rules, permitting fitter rule-sets to produce offspring with a higher probability. To deal with the premature convergence problem, fuzzy similarity measures for Bayesian rule-sets are introduced and the genetic algorithm approach is modified, so that similar rule-sets produce offspring with a lower probability, relying on a sharing function approach. Empirical results are presented that evaluate the benefits of the sharing function approach in our learning environment.<<ETX>>


The Big Bang–Big Crunch method is a novel optimization method and this relies on one of the theories of the evolution of the universe; namely, the Big Bang and Big Crunch Theory. In the Big Bang phase, energy dissipation produces disorder and randomness is the main feature of this phase; whereas, in the Big Crunch phase, randomly distributed particles are drawn into an order. Inspired by this theory, an optimization algorithm is constructed and it generates random points in the Big Bang phase and shrinks those points to a single representative point via a center of mass or minimal cost approach in the Big Crunch phase. The Distributed Generators (DG) placement and size in radial distribution systems using Big Bang Big Crunch (BB-BC) Algorithm is exhibits voltage profile improvement and reduction in losses. The results showed that introduced method is superior to simple GA in terms of solution quality and number of iterations.


The American Psychological Association (APA) promulgated the first Code of Ethics for psychologists in 1953. This publication, however, had been preceded by a committee devoted to ethical concerns that had been formed in 1938, and was based on the work of a committee organized in 1947 (Canter, Bennett, Jones, & Nagy, 1994). The formalization and codification of ethical standards was a response to the increasing professionalization of psychology, a development that began during World War II.


Copaiba oil is a oil-resin used as a phytotherapic in Amazon region in a folkloric way. This use is empirical and little is known about its effect in the organic systems. Objective: To determine serum levels of aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase after copaiba oil administration. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=20) divided in two groups of 10 animals: Group Cop which received a daily oral administration of copaiba oil, 0.63ml/kg, during 5 days; Group P in which any substance was administrated. In the sixth day the animals of both groups were submitted to inalatory anesthesia, laparotomy and collection of blood samples (3ml) from inferior vena cava for the determination of serum aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Results: The results were compared between groups and analyzed by t-Student test. Group Cop showed AST, ALT and GGT levels significantly decreased when compared with Gruop P (p<0.01), while total bilirrubins levels increased by its direct fraction. Conclusion: Copaiba oil can alter serum levels of aminotransferases, bilirrubins and gama-glutamyl transpeptidase, showing a possible interaction between this substance and liver, but this considerations require posterior evalutaion.


Since the discovery of graphene, the localization physics has been studied extensively, and both weak antilocalization (WAL) and weak localization (WL) have been observed. A graphene superlattice (GSL) with multiple Dirac cones has emerged as a focus point in condensed-matter physics in recent years. However, the localization physics at multiple Dirac cones has not been studied to date. Here, we study the magnetoconductance in hexagonal boron nitride-graphene moire-superlattice devices. Our magnetoconductance results show a clear signature of WL at the cloned Dirac cone (CDC) over one decade of variation of both carrier concentration and temperature in the two devices. In contrast, the WAL becomes stronger at the primary Dirac cone (PDC) with increasing temperature and lower carrier concentration in one device, in agreement with previous studies, whereas the other device shows stronger WAL for both lower temperature and carrier concentration. Since the observation of WAL at PDC is expected in a cleaner device due to the pi Berry phase, it is natural to ask whether the observation of WL at CDC in our GSL devices has any connection to Berry phase change or not. In order to address this issue we measure the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) resistance oscillations, which show a shift of the Berry phase by pi from PDC to CDC, indicating the role of the Berry phase for observing WL at CDC. We further corroborate our results with realistic electronic band structure calculations, which suggest a change in the Fermi surface topology from that with a small Fermi pocket enclosing a single PDC in each valley to a large Fermi surface shared by all the CDCs, in accordance with the change in oscillation frequency from PDC to CDC in the SdH measurements.


[Objective] To observe the yang and promoting blood circulation method on diastolic heart failure.[Methods] 63 patients with diastolic heart failure,32 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group 31 cases.Two groups were given conventional western medicine plus conventional treatment group,blood yang Chinese medicine decoction,half months after the clinical efficacy was observed.[Result]The treatment group than the control group,a better clinical outcome.[Conclusion] Treatment of yang and promoting blood circulation of diastolic heart failure has a good effect.


The use of a wireless charging system for small, unmanned aircraft system applications is useful for both military and commercial consumers. An efficient way to keep the aircraft's batteries charged without interrupting flight would be highly marketable. While the general concepts behind highly resonant wireless power transfer are discussed in a few publications, the details behind the system designs are not available even in academic journals, especially in relation to avionics. Combining a highly resonant charging system with a solar panel charging system can produce enough power to extend the flight time of a small, unmanned aircraft system without interruption. This paper provides an overview of a few of the wireless-charging technologies currently available and outlines a preliminary design for an aircraft-mounted battery charging system.


This study he is qualitative with interpretative possibilities. The inquiry place was constituted by seven schools. The participant citizens of the first phase had been managing, technician-pedagogical body, professors of others discipline, pupils, fathers/mothers. The second phase it focus the professors of Physical Education, the lesson properly said and the way as they understand the profession. Search to understand the actions of the professor in the space and time of the school, sending for questions of the Physical Education in the basic education of Vitoria/ES and for the teaching profession.


PurposeThis research investigates the threshold effects of the interplay between finance, development and carbon emissions across 97 countries, including 50 low-income and 47 high-income countries, during the period from 1991 to 2019.Design/methodology/approachEmploying various econometric modeling techniques such as dynamic linear regression, dynamic panel threshold regression and in/out of sample splitting, this study analyzes the data obtained from the World Bank's world development indicators.FindingsThe results indicate that low-income countries require a minimum financial development threshold of 0.354 to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Conversely, high-income countries require a higher financial development threshold of 0.662 to mitigate finance-induced carbon emissions. These findings validate the presence of a finance-led Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC). Furthermore, the study highlights those high-income countries exhibit greater environmental concern compared to their low-income counterparts. Additionally, a minimum GDP per capita of US$ 10,067 is necessary to facilitate economic development and subsequently reduce carbon emissions. Once GDP per capita surpasses this threshold, a rise in economic development by a certain percentage could lead to a 0.96% reduction in carbon emissions across all income levels.Originality/valueThis study provides a novel contribution by estimating practical financial and economic thresholds essential for reducing carbon emissions within countries at varying levels of development.


Various microstructural rate controlling models of creep are reviewed. They are compared to macroscopic and microscopic data for subgrain, subboundary structures and properties, and internal stress distributions. It is shown that the identification of realistic mechanisms not only requires the examination of activation parameters values, but also necessitates relevant metallographic observations. Recent data on cross slip show that this mechanism could control the creep rate of copper at intermediate temperatures while glide on prismatic planes is active in magnesium in a similar temperature range. For aluminium, subboundary migration plays an important role at intermediate temperatures, and is controlled by the glide of subboundary dislocations on (001). Glide on non compact planes inside subgrains controls the creep rate in this metal at the onset of the high temperature domain. The jog dragging screw model is particularly unrealistic. Additional data on cross slip and glide on non compact planes are needed to generalize the above models to other metals.


Rapidly expanding solid tumors demand large quantities of nutrients and oxygen. Growing tumors exploit pre-existing vessels and/or develop new vessels (vascularization) to obtain these nutrients. Vascularization is classified into two main processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the formation of primitive blood vessels by endothelial progenitors, and angiogenesis encompasses the subsequent remodeling processes, including growth and migration of endothelial cells, sprouting, and stabilization of these sprouts by mural cells (1,2). Tumor cells utilize these processes to satisfy their needs and grow (tumor angiogenesis), especially under hypoxic conditions. One of the pro-angiogenic mechanisms exploited by hypoxic cancers is hypoxia-inducible transcriptional factor (HIF)-mediated signaling. Hypoxia leads to stabilization and nuclear translocation of HIF-1α, and subsequently increases transcription of pro-angiogenic genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (3). Overexpression of HIF-1α has been reported in various solid tumors including brain, bladder, breast, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers (4,5), and increased vascularity is a hallmark of poor prognosis.


Administration Information System on Information Managenment Department State
Polytechnic of Sriwijaya is an information system that serves as mean to accommodate
all the administrative information on the Department of Information Management. This
application is built to facilitate all students and faculty to all existing administrative
information on the Department of Information Management. Users in Information
System in devided into two, namely the administrators and the general public are
referred to student and lecturers, they can then take the data inputting all
administrative information on the system information, updating exixting data back and
delete data. Administration Information System on the Information Management
Department State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya built using PHP programming language and
MySQL database.


Modern architecture or contemporary architecture can be quite difficult to survey. Most of the time, a survey is done as support to an analytical view that is constructed as support for a conservation or restoration project. Due to the fact that by and large, contemporary or modern architecture does not call for these types of interventions, the case history of surveys of modern buildings is extremely limited. However, the architectures of the modern movement are beginning show the effects of the passing of time, since reinforced concrete, which many buildings are made up, is not as durable as originally believed. One curious factor makes it superfluous to conduct a survey, even in the case of restoration interventions, quite in the same way as in the case of interventions on historic buildings. This is because the original project designs are used in the restoration project as basic documents, since many are still accessible. This approach is based as much on economic expedience as on a feeling of possession of the building, which is due to its recent construction and its continuity in the use of the building that are confirmed in the ability to access the original project designs. This approach is deeply flawed since it is based on an initial consideration without motivation: the one-to-one relationship between design and construction. Even though the categories with which the design takes shape, such as the geometry, can be found in the survey, the design plan and the survey plans are still different. Even if both are designs that represent the same architecture, they are quite different: the design plan is a drawing that pre-figures; the survey design post-figures. One looks to the future, the other looks to the past. In the middle between these two drawings is the construction, the site, the matter, and the skilled labourers; all elements that introduce new geometries. But there's more. There is a important phase of design (decision-making) on site. Not everything which is finally constructed is object of the preliminary drawing. The paper develops these concepts by illustrating them through the examples of surveys of the work of Carlo Scarpa, pre-eminent Venetian architect, active in the 1960s. In Scarpa's work, the distance between the design and the completed work is so clearly evident that it makes an exceptional example of the problem described.


The paper deals with the specifics of intersubjective management of problem situations solving where actors are employees of socio-technical objects. The difference between traditional management of socio-technical objects and intersubjective one is shown. The importance of the subject is explained by the fact that the result of actors' problem situations solving could be the basis for the further development of innovative products manufactured by socio-technical objects. The difference between the role of people-subjects of the problem situations and people-objects is shown. The importance of decision-making management methodology creation in the subject - subjective relations is noted. It is proposed to supply the methodology of the intersubjective management theory with methods of actors' knowledge visualization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discover existing methods of knowledge visualization as the means of mental processes enhancing, and to select some methods that could support and facilitate the actors decision-making process. Two cognitive mechanisms lying in the basis of actors' knowledge presentation are considered. It is shown that figurative thinking based on spatial-structural relationships lies in the basis of the creation of problem situation visual images. The main visualization methods used in management are considered. The "periodic" table proposed by Ralph Lengler and Martin J. Eppler, where all methods are divided into six groups (data visualization, visualization of relationships, concept visualization, strategy visualization, metaphor visualization and compound visualization), was chosen as the basis for visualization methods systematizing. The author's analysis and detailed description of these methods were carried out, supported by examples of various visualization tools application. Cognitive visualization methods for representing the knowledge of actors has been selected. For each stage of problem situations solving process the proper units from different groups of methods of the "periodic" table are proposed.


In this article we extend the news about painters and sculptors of Badajoz in the second half of XVI century with new contributions that outline their biographies and increase the catalogues of their works. Our essay is about nine sculptors and thirteen painters, all of whom have a recognized prestige in its time, although the fame of some of them, like the one of Luis de Morales', extends his age and fully surpasses the restrictive limits of regional historiography.


A dynamic reconfiguration technique based on the partitioning of computing resources on many-core processor was introduced.According to the locality principle,both the hardware support,including dynamically reconfigurable sub-netting in NoC and dynamically reconfigurable Cache coherence protocol,and the scheduling algorithm for on-chip computing resources are designed to improve the utilization of the many-core processor.This paper also introduced the simulation platform for dynamically reconfigurable many-core processor,which is developed based on system level simulator Gem 5.The Cache coherence protocol with sub-netting and scheduling algorithm mentioned above was implemented.The simulation result proves the improvement for performance of the many-core processor.


Smart health care, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart homes, smart water networks and smart electric grids may form the main parts of future smart cities. Standard communication protocols facilitate interconnectivity between software components and assure interoperability between different stakeholders of these components. For electric grids, standards introduce an open Smart Grid for liberalized service-oriented electricity markets by smoothing the way for business interactions and trades. Many organizations such as IEC and IEEE are introducing their standard communication protocols for future smart power grids and their associated smart meters. These standards include but not limited to, IEEE 802, IEEE 1815, IEEE 1901, IEC 62056, IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850, etc. For smart buildings, smart homes and some wireless sensor networks (WSN), ZigBee is widely used. For smart roads, Internet of Things (IoT) is used in some cases including its messaging protocol Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) together with WSN. In this paper, open source software (OSS) implementation of such standard protocols is discussed, including obstacles and advantages of a such implementation. Moreover, wireless telecommunication infrastructures including Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth are investigated for the right choice of Smart City applications' infrastructure, since the employment of a standard should be compatible with the field of application, timing requirements and data transmission rate.


The congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) consists of a pulmonary anomaly characterized by excessive growing of the terminal bronchioles resulting in formation of cysts of various sizes, besides a lack of normal alveoli. It is a rare anomaly, although it can be presented itself as a respiratory insuficiency in neonates.


Objectives: Management of patients who are maintained on oral anticoagulant therapy represents a major challenge in the dental practice due to the significant risk of postoperative hemorrhagic complications and subsequent delayed wound healing. This study was performed to evaluate the local efficacy of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF), gelatin sponge and tranexamic acid following dental extraction in patients taking Warfarin. Methods: Forty-five patients having an International Normalized Ratio (INR) < 3.5 underwent atraumatic extraction of 57 teeth under local anesthesia. Patients were allocated equally into 3 groups. Group A: the extraction sockets were packed with PRF, group B: the extraction sockets were packed with gelatin sponge, group C: a gauze soaked with tranexamic acid pressed over socket for 30 minutes. Immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding, socket healing and postoperative pain were assessed at different times of follow up. Results: PRF significantly reduced postoperative bleeding after 5-, 30and 60-minutes post extraction. No significant difference at 1 or 3 days postoperatively. Patients in group A recorded minimal postoperative pain and accelerated healing. Conclusions: PRF has significant antihemorrhagic properties, increases tissue healing and wound closure and decrease postoperative pain. It is a promising autogenous, low cost, local hemostatic modality that can be used safely after dental extraction for patients under anticoagulant therapy.


Direct interactions between cetaceans and fisheries typically fall into one of two categories: cetaceans deliberately taking catch from fishermen's lines and sometimes getting hooked or entangled as a result, or unintentionally swimming into fishing gear (e.g., nets or trap lines), potentially resulting in entanglements and death. A third type of cetacean/fishery interaction involves fishermen actively seeking out cetaceans in order to catch associated fish. Associations between tuna (Thunnus spp.) and several species of tropical dolphins, in particular pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata), have been exploited in fisheries in a number of areas around the world to increase their catches of tuna (Donahue and Edwards 1996; Scott et al. 2012). This type of association is most well-known in the eastern tropical Pacific, where groups of dolphins have been seine netted to catch the associated tuna, leading to considerable scrutiny of tuna/dolphin interactions and the impact of the fishery on dolphin populations (Joseph 1994).


It is very important for the safety operation of a nuclear power plant to re- search the thermal stratification and temperature fluctuation phenomena which are caused by the cold water injecting into the branch pipe connected the emergency core cooling system(ECCS)with the main pipe.The thermal stratification phenomena in the ECCS branch pipe was simulated using the CFD code CFX withκ-emodel.The numeri- cal results are in good agreement with that from experiments.By changing the flow rate of the leaked cold water and the structure of the branch pipe,the inherent relations be- tween these parameters and the thermal stratification phenomena were further re- searched.Therefore,the main cause and some characteristics of the phenomena were obtained.


Previously developed approach [1 is extended to systems of noninteracting quantum particles in an external magnetic field. Feynman type series for grand potential, number of particles, internal energy and magnetization are derived. Numerical calculations at constant N for harmonically trapped systems of fermions and bosons in presence of the homogeneous magnetic field are carried out with the aid of both Feynman-type series and series over single particle states. Particular attention is paid to low temperature behavior of fermionic systems.


Aspirin,phenacetin and caffeine in aspirin compound tablets were determined simultaneously by using improved multiwavelength linear regression spectrophotometry.The average recovery of these components in synthetic samples were 100.31%,99.87% and 100.77% and relative standard deviations of 0.35%, 0.25% and 1.37% respectively (n=10).The results of determination for four batches of actual samples agreed with those by standard method.This method is simple and rapid,and promises well to be adopted as an official assay method for determination of aspirin compound tablets


The analysis of screening experiments based on nonregular designs can lead to a model selection problem in which the number of variables is large, the number of trials is small, and there are constraints on model structure. Common subset selection methods do not perform well in this setting. We propose a new approach particularly well suited to screening. The method uses an intentionally nonconvergent stochastic search to generate a large set of well-fitting models, each with the same number of variables. Model selection is then viewed as a feature extraction problem from this set. An easy-to-use graphical method and an automatic approach are proposed to determine the best models. Computer code and additional supplementary materials are available online.


Power factor correction (PFC) converter suffers from serious double-line-frequency output voltage ripple due to the difference between instantaneous ac input power and dc output power. To suppress such double-line-frequency output voltage ripple, a ripple cancellation circuit (RCC) is utilized to generate the same magnitude but 180° phase shifted double-line- frequency voltage ripple. This paper provides an insight into the relationship between control scheme and double-line-frequency ripple suppression from the perspective of audio susceptibility model. For the purpose of reducing the double line frequency ripple, the closed-loop audio susceptibility of series RCC should be designed relatively low at double line frequency. According to such requirement, a ripple controller with improved voltage feed-forward (FF) scheme and quasi-proportional-resonant (QPR) compensator is designed. As QPR compensator can increase the denominator of the closed-loop audio susceptibility, while voltage FF scheme can reduce its numerator, its magnitude at double line frequency is thus greatly reduced and double-line-frequency ripple is also significantly suppressed. Moreover, due to the flexibility of QPR compensator, the proposed ripple controller presents good ripple suppression in a different line frequency application. Finally, experimental results of a flyback PFC with buck-type RCC quasi-single-stage ac–dc converter are provided to verify the validity of the proposed ripple controller.


This paper focuses on cross-curricular engineering education system capable of remarkable improvement in the education programs that synthesize effective concepts and features of a futuristic education system. The engineering education program is well-performed with a better way which aims to comply with manufacturing skills, information and management science technology . An experimental report focusing on optimal product design and rapid digital prototyping is suggested.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and leaf area requirement for yield of six tall 'Prata' banana genotypes, under semi-arid conditions. The genotypes 'Pacovan' (AAB), 'Pacovan Ken' (AAAB), 'Preciosa' (AAAB), 'Japira' (AAAB), 'PV79-34' (AAAB) and 'Garantida' (AAAB) (four tetraploid hybrids and one triploid cultivar) were evaluated in two cycles, arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with five replicates and four usable plants per plot. For the physiological characteristics, a 6 x 12 x 2 factorial arrangement was adopted, with six genotypes, 12 evaluation periods and two reading times in each period, arranged in a completely randomized design. Of the 12 phytotechnical characteristics measured, seven were influenced by the interaction between the factors cultivar and cycle. Internal CO2 concentration, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosynthesis recorded in banana leaves are higher in the morning, favored by higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf temperature resulting from the meteorological conditions, while transpiration and intrinsic water use efficiency increase in the afternoon. The hybrid 'PV79-34' has higher yield and production efficiency per unit of leaf area, associated with high transpiration, compared to the tall 'Prata' banana cultivars.


Purpose:To find the best keV with best contrast noise ratio(CNR) to improve the image quality of cerebral computed tomographic angiography(CTA).Methods:Nineteen cases of patients in our hospital were referred to cerebral CTA with GSI mode(single source dual energy fast 80/140kVp switching).All data were transferred to AW4.5 to obtain monochromatic images from 40keV to 140keV with 1 increment using GSI viewer.Region of interests were drawn on internal carotid artery and surrounding cerebral parenchyma without vessels involved.CT value and SD value of internal carotid artery and surrounding cerebral parenchyma were measured on every single keV images and 140kVP images.And then the value of CNRs at every single keV and 140kVp were calculated and compared by paired-sample t test.Results:The optimal keV for cerebral CTA was 51.11±3.43keV.The CNRs at optimal keV was significantly higher than that at 140kVp,which were 44.60±12.75(optimal keV) vs 25.26±6.62(140kVp)(t=-10.46,P=0.000.05).Conclusion:Monochromatic imaging at 51.11±3.43 keV provided the best CNR than conventional 140 kVp imaging in cerebral CTA.50keV monochromatic imaging could be used routinely as a protocol for cerebral CTA exam.


Abstract Electrooptical properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6 thin films produced by RF-sputtering have been investigated. It is shown that the films investigated are ferroelectric with a diffused phase transition. The connection between electrooptical properties and the substrate temperature is shown.


A variety of phosphonium salts have designed as new onium salt hosts and their ability to include phenols as guests has been studied. High inclusion ability was demonstrated by the salts together with high molecular recognition ability in the inclusion complex.


Background: According to the WHO (2007), the increase in the incidence of food-borne
diseases is a public health concern in both developed and developing countries.
Objective of Study: The objective of the study was to:
assess â€œKnowledge And Self-Reported Behavior Regarding Food Safety Among Reproductive Age Women."
Study Design:  It was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study.
Setting: The study was conducted in three areas:

Shadra Basti, Bahawalpur
Outpatient departmentBVH, Bahawalpur

Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Girls Hostel, Bahawalpur

Duration: 15th January 2016 to 14th June 2016.
Study Population: The study was conducted on females of reproductive age group.
Sampling Technique: It is a non-probability convenience sampling.
Sampling Size: According to the available time and resources, it was decided to take a sample of 150 women of reproductive age group.
Tools of Data Collection: A questionnaire was designed, tested, finalized and then used for data collection. Our questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part included questions about the socio-demographic profile, and the second part carried questions regarding knowledge and third comprised questions on self-reported behavior on food safety.
Data Analysis: Data was coded and entered into SPSS version 21. Interpretation has been presented in the form of tables and figures.
Results: The study found that 88.7% of respondents had good knowledge of food safety, whereas, 11.3% merely had satisfactory knowledge of food safety. The data collected from respondents revealed that only 39.3% respondents fell into the good category of practice / self-reported behavior regarding food safety. We found a statistically significant association (p = 0.001) between education of respondents and knowledge regarding food safety. There is a statistically significant association between respondent's education (p = 0.009), respondent's occupation (p= 0.043),  and practice / self-reported behavior regarding food safety.
Conclusion: The study found a significant correlation between education of the female and knowledge regarding food safety. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between education of the female, occupation of the female, family's monthly income and self-reported behavior regarding food safety. Our results confirm the need for ongoing educational initiatives to improve the relatively low food safety awareness among reproductive age women. Information gained from this study can be utilized to formulate essential messages for many educational programs.


The South African CPI uses the rental equivalence approach (owners' equivalent rent) to owner-occupied housing (OOH). This approach was introduced as part of a wide-ranging set of methodological improvements in 2009. With no reliable value for the housing stock, respondents to the household expenditure survey were asked to estimate the market value of their property. There are a number of risks in this, but this value, to which a rental yield was applied, was used to determine the weight for OOH. Five years later, households had curiously doubled their estimate of the value of their properties – this during a period of economic stagnation. In order to avoid a significant distortion to the CPI weights for 2013, alternative estimation methods were tested, and a more robust method, using a matching approach between the rented and owned market, was selected to estimate the weight for owner occupied housing. This obviated the need to obtain a value of the housing stock. This paper will discuss the various methods tested, the results of each method and the impact on the South African Consumer Price Index. In addition, the paper will give an overview on the improvements in the IES 2010/11 with respect to owner occupied housing, as well as the issues that influenced the use of alternative measures of estimation.


Objective To evaluate one-year clinical results of Epi-LASIK for high myopia and myopic astigmatism. Methods Retrospective study was used for 148 eyes of 75 patients who underwent Epi-LASIK for the correction of high .myopia. Postoperative visual acuity,refraction,intraocular pr essure(IOP),contract sensitivity and complications were evaluated at 1,3,6,12 months postoperatively. Results Patients were divided into two groups according to spherical equivalent refraction:group A:-6.50D to -9.75D (66 eyes), and group B:-10.0D to-19.5D(82 eyes). One year after the treatment, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA)≥1.0 is 78.79% in GroupA and 45.12% in GroupB. 16.67% and 32.93% of the eyes gain 1 line or more of best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Whereas 6.07% and 13.41% of the eyes lost a line or more of BCVA. 90.90% and 85.37% of the eyes in GroupA and GroupB got within 0.50D of the attempted correction. The safety index and efficacy index were 1.03 and 0.99 in GroupA,and 1.07 and 0.89 in GroupB. 9 eyes in group A had Haze,in which 6 eyes were grade 0.5 and 3 eyes were gradel. 24 eyes in Group B had Haze,in which 17 eyes were grade0.5 and 3 eyes were grade1,4 eyes grade2 or more. There were four eyes received take the second surgery in a year because of severe Haze. 24 eyes had high intraocular pressure in a follow-up period with 8 eyes in Group A and 16 eyes in Group B, anti-glaucoma had to be operated on 4eyes. Conclusion Epi-LASIK is not very optimistic in the treatment of high and super high myopia in aspect of safety and efficiency.

Key words:
Myopia; Epi-LASIK; Intraocular pressure; Haze; Contrast sensitivity


In this study, a three dimensional numerical simulation of defogging process of an automobile windshield is presented. All numerical analyses were performed in transient conditions and simulations of windshield defogging process were achieved by using Ansys Fluent commercial software package. Droplet model was embedded into a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation by using User Defined Code (UDF) for computation of demisted area of windshield. We also considered three dimensional fluid flow, temperature distribution, and heat transfer characteristics of interior surfaces of the automobile cabin. The standard k-e turbulence model was chosen with standard wall functions for the turbulent modelling in numerical calculations. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were in good agreement with the experimental data presented in this study.


An alkaline battery having excellent discharge characteris tics and higher discharge capacity with an increase in its internal resistance being suppressed is disclosed. The alka line battery has a positive electrode active material which comprises primarily manganese dioxide and electroconduc tive carbon material. The electroconductive carbon material comprises expanded graphite particles having an average particle size in the range from 0.5 to 15um, and the content of the expanded graphite particles is in the range from 2 to 8% by weight based on the solids in the positive electrode active material.


The present investigation was carried out to find out the response of combined application of bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents with organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of tissue cultured banana cv. Grand Naine. The results indicate that growth; yield attributing characters and yield as well as fruits quality were significantly influenced by integration of bio-fertilizers, organic manures and inorganic fertilizers. The maximum pseudostem height (266.55 cm), girth (72.63 cm), number of suckers (8.07), were observed in the treatment consisting of 100% RDF + mycorrhiza (AM) + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma harzianum (T8). This treatment also recorded superiority in yield attributing characters like hands per bunch (10.20), fingers per hand (22.87), fingers per bunch (187.00), weight of second hand (3.76 kg), bunch weight (24.42 kg) and yield (75.35 t/ha). The quality parameters of fruits in terms of moisture, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS, total, reducing and non-reducing sugars as well as sugar: acid ratio were also influenced by combined use of organic, inorganic and biological sources of nutrients. Hence, 100% RDF + AM + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma harzianum can be considered as best INM treatment for enhancing growth, yield and quality of banana in Mizoram.