The objective of this paper is to establish design criteria for developing a global brain that is integrated with humanity to govern life on the planet in a satisfactory environment. Three sources of design criteria are identified. (i) The limited ability of humans to: receive, manipulate, store, and transmit information, or form trusting relations with others. (ii) The laws of information and control identified by the science of governance described as cybernetics. (iii) The design strategies found in nature for creating and managing complexity with unreliable components. Transaction Byte Analysis is used as a framework to ground elements of the social sciences in the natural sciences and integrate the limited capacity of humans to transact bytes with that of technology. Strategies to promote organisational learning and reduce information overload and bounded rationality are identified and illustrated by the stakeholder firms located around the town of Mondragon in Northern Spain.


Object of the present invention to provide a high-functional windshield such as the use of an intermediate layer having a multilayer insulation glass HUD device, and no double images and excellent visibility is not so deteriorated by the windshield of the vehicle functions. In the laminated glass having a multi-layered intermediate layer, said intermediate layer being a multilayer glass sheet sandwiched thickness of the multilayer intermediate layer is wedge-shaped, having a plurality of layers of different hardnesses, having a second higher hardness a resin layer from the region of the side edges of 400mm, the thickness is at least 0.3mm, which may prevent deformation of the laminated glass to produce an optical display and effectively prevent double images.


Traditionally embedded computing tasks have been handled by DSPs as well as FPGAs. These provide two good alternatives to embedded processing in the areas of power, speed and configurability. However, they are still only two regions in a large multi-dimensional space. FPGAs provide low-level finegrained parallelism with a degree of performance achievable through multiple levels of parallelism. DSPs have higher clock speeds and have lower power requirements, but lack the flexibility of an FPGA. Still, there are regions in the design space that can be explored that fit between DSPs and FPGAs. These are Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs). CGRAs have several advantages over traditional DSP and FPGA approaches. First, most strive for ease of application development, such as a high-level language (HLL) approach for their tools. For example, rather than constructing a design in a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog, several of the described platforms use HLLs such as C or C++. Second, CGRAs are able to achieve high-performance and lower power per operation when compared to FPGAs and DSPs. CGRAs accomplish this through higher levels of raw parallelism as compared to DSPs and more efficient use of silicon per operation as compared to FPGAs. CGRA systems are multi-core systems that fit into two different categories: processor-centric arrays or clusters, and hardware-centric medium-grained processor arrays (MGPA). Processor-centric arrays or clusters are made up of individual processors connected via programmable interconnect such as MIT's RAW [1], Clearspeed's CSX600 [2], IBM's Cell Broadband Engine and Ambric's AM2000 reconfigurable processing array (RPA) [3]. Hardware-oriented processing arrays or medium-grained processing arrays (MGPA) have an array structure with the basic level of computation at a higher level of abstraction than a gate. Examples of MGPAs are Elixent's reconfigurable arithmetic processors, MathStar's FPOA, and PACT's XPP. Each of these approaches have particular strengths and weaknesses. The processor centric approaches can be programmed using HLLs such as C with some extensions. The MGPAs require tools for programming hardware, similar to an FPGA development chain. This is likely due to the more flexible nature of the individual processing elements. Next we will discuss several particular CGRA examples and how they were successfully applied to processing problems. II. PROCESSORCENTRIC ARRAYS


Report Card distribution reportedly triggers an outbreak of child abuse. If we can prevent that outburst of anger at this time by initiating a process of family and community attitudinal change through offering positive parenting techniques and crisis intervention by phone, we would significantly reduce the incidence of physical abuse. The Mayor's Office for Children and Youth and The Baltimore City Commission for Children and Youth developed a school related child abuse prevention campaign which included messages to parents on colorful attractive cards suggesting positive parenting techniques and crisis intervention phone numbers which were distributed with each report card. Public Service Announcements (PSAs) for TV were developed with the same positive parenting message and aired just prior to and during the week of Report Card distribution. Agencies and organizations whose mission is child abuse prevention, mental health treatment and social support participated as well as agencies and organizations involved in tutoring and academic support. An of the 180 schools in Baltimore City used the cards and teachers and administrators reported a change in parental attitude, more parent visits and better communication between teachers and parents. The phone numbers on the cards were used at a significantly higher rate each time the cards came home, some as many as 400 times their normal call rate. After one year of the project, the State's Attorney's Office observed that incidents of known child abuse as a result of a bad report card was down from 90 to two. This project was continued for six years first with state funds and after three years with private foundation funds. At this time, the Baltimore City School System has adopted the program and is distributing the cards.


In the first decades of the XX century the possibility of a particular newspaper having a high number of subscribers was, from the point of view of the newspaper publishers, the best guarantee of its stability. However it was not all advantages in a system which gave rise to numerous complaints and created a peculiar relationship with the subscriber. By various means —delivery men, the post and public establishments, principally— the subscription service continually generated situations illustrative of the level of development of the Spanish press in years in which progress accelerates and deficiencies and limitations also become apparent. Limitations which, particularly in an outlying region with mostly inadequate means of communication such as Asturias, could become one of the main factors delaying the establishment of a large press with mass-readership.


An increase in the yield of the main cereal crops in the context of global climate changes requires additional impacts on plants. Natural and synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to increase plant productivity and reduce the injury level caused by abiotic stressors. There is a growing need for novel highly effective plant growth stimulants to exhibit their effects at low doses and to not pose an environmental threat or injury to the crop quality. The derivatives of sydnone imine (SI), a mesoionic heterocycle possessing a 1,2,3-oxadiazole core, have been used as medicines until now but have not been used for agricultural applications. Some SI derivatives have recently been found to exhibit PGR properties. Herein, we report on the study of the PGR potential of nine SI derivatives bearing variable substituents at N(3), C(4), and N6 positions of the heterocycle designed to disclose the "molecular structure-PGR activity" relationship in this family. The SI derivatives were used in a wide concentration range (10−9–10−4 mol/L) for a pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., two cultivars) and maize (Zea mays L., two hybrids) seeds in germinating experiments. All compounds were found to affect the growth of the axial organs of germinants, with the growth-stimulating or -inhibitory effect as well as its rate being considerably different for wheat and maize and, in many cases, also for roots and shoots. In addition, a pronounced concentration dependence of the effect was disclosed for many cases. The features of the molecular structure of SIs affecting their growth-regulating properties were elucidated. Compounds 4, 6, 7, and 8, which had exhibited a growth-promoting effect in germinating experiments, were used at appropriate concentrations for pot experiments on the same crops. For all compounds, the experiments showed a stimulating effect on the growth of roots (up to 80%), shoots (up to 112%), leaf area (up to 113%), fresh weights of roots (up to 83%), and aerial parts of the plants (up to 87%) or only on some of these parameters. The obtained results show a healthy outlook for the use of SI derivatives as promoting agents for improving the growth of cereal crop plants.


Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induces phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of many signaling molecules in the rat brain. While studying phosphorylated proteins in the rat brain after ECS, we observed a 100‐kDa protein that cross‐reacted with anti‐phospho‐p70 S6 kinase antibody, which was subsequently purified and identified as microtubule affinity‐regulating kinase 1 (MARK1). Purified MARK1 was phosphorylated at the Ser and Thr residues. MARK1 activation and subsequent Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus after ECS was confirmed by an in‐gel kinase assay using tau protein as a substrate. MARK1 was maximally activated between 2 and 5 min after ECS, and Tau phosphorylation at Ser262 was also increased at 2 min and lasted to 1 h after ECS. Taken together, we concluded that ECS activated MARK1 and subsequently phosphorylated Tau at Ser262. Both MARK1 activity and Tau phosphorylation were increased in the rat hippocampus after chronic ECS where axonal remodeling was apparent. In order to investigate the physiologic stimuli which are involved in the activation of MARK1, SH‐SY 5Y cells were treated with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or 60 mm KCl. Both stimuli were capable of inducing MARK activation.


Five saxicolous species of Buellia s.l. containing xanthones are reported from the Iberian Peninsula: B. caldesiana, B. concinna, B. indissimilis, B. ocellata and a new species described here as B. vandenboomii. The latter also occurs in the Canary Islands (Tenerife). The status of B. indissimilis is clarified and an additional locality is reported for this rare species. The new combination Tetramelas concinnus is proposed.


The international community has identified a positive link between good governance and economic development. There is an increasing appreciation of the effective role that local policy research organizations (PROs) can play in providing evidence-based policy recommendations as the basis for sound legislation and in assessing the efficacy of existing programs. Capacity building programs for PROs are seen as a key component of growth strategies. The donor community has responded with support for such efforts, which take many forms. The evaluation of the impact of these capacity building and mentoring programs has been inadequate. This paper sets out some general points for the development of effective program evaluation and suggests concrete ways to measure two more important capacity building program outcomes: improved research capacity and greater effectiveness in the policy arena.


An increase in serum iron levels and a decrease in serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (uIBC) were noted following the administration of cisplatinum to 9 children with malignancies. The mean serum


Summary: In alpha-taxonomic terms the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, which includes the entire Albany Centre of Endemism, is one of the richest succulent plant regions in the world. The mild climate of the region is also suitable for the cultivation of a number of exotic succulents, several of which have escaped into the natural flora, subsequently becoming naturalised. The five species of Agave L. recorded for the Eastern Cape are here described and illustrated as part of compiling a Flora for the region. The species are Agave angustifolia Haw. var. angustifolia, A. americana L. var. americana, A. sisalana Perrine, A. vivipara L. var. vivipara and A. wercklei F.A.C.Weber ex Wercklé. A key is provided to assist with the identification of the five species.


CASE STUDY OF THE KINGSPORT REGIONAL EDUCATION ALLIANCE by D. Lynn Reed The primary purpose of this study was to investigate (he origin and evolution of the Kingsport Regional Education Alliance (KREA 2000). A total of 18 individuals, representing three categories, business, education, and community, were selected by purposeful sampling techniques to participate. Data were collected through qualitative methods. The analysis revealed attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions of those involved in the KREA 2000 activities. Through data analysis the investigator identified a core group of influences who were primarily responsible for the creation of KREA 2000. The investigator identified four major categories that were critical to the evolution of KREA 2000. The four major categories were: leadership, communication, infrastructure, and collaboration. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were suggested: (I) KREA 2000 should set up a channel of leadership that will prepare future chairs; (2) KREA 2000 should become more proactive in the political arena in regard to educational issues; (3) the KREA 2000 should be staffed with a full time coordinator and a part-time clerical person, (4) KREA 2000 should appoint a volunteer liaison to each participant agency; and (5) KREA 2000 should concentrate on supporting initiatives within and among the participant agency, not create independent projects. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL This is to certify that the following study has been filed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of East Tennessee State University. Title of Grant or Project Case Study oLlheJCingsport Regionnl Education Alliance Principal Investigator D. Lvnn Reed________________________________________ Department Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis______________________ Date Submitted March 7..1996 Institutional Review Board, Chairman CJoX&xs Mb DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my remarkable and supportive family. I would like to express special gratitude to my husband, Dr. J. McLean Reed, for his love and guidance. Without his support, the completion of this project would not have been possible. My loving appreciation is extended to my mother, Dottic Lyle, for once again bearing my load, and also to my daughters, Kristin Marie and Jitlian McLean, for their unfailing love


To get more insight into the mechanisms of cold gelation of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), macroscopic and molecular structural changes during Fe2+-induced gelation of β-lg were investigated using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and rheological methods. The FTIR spectroscopy results show that, upon the preheating treatment (first step of gel process), native globular proteins are denatured and aggregated molecules are found in solution. The spectra are similar to those of gels obtained in the second step of the process upon incorporation of Fe, which suggests that aggregated molecules formed during the preheating treatment constitute the structural basis of the aggregation. However, the rheological data show that the aggregation is achieved via two molecular mechanisms, both of which are modulated by the iron concentration. At 30 mM of iron, gel formation is essentially controlled by van der Waals interactions, while at 10 mM of iron, hydrophobic interactions predominate. At the two concentrations, disulfide bonds contribute to gel consolidation, the effect being more pronounced at 10 mM of iron. These mechanisms lead to the formation of gels of different microstructures. At the highest iron concentration, a strong and rapid decrease in the repulsion forces is produced, resulting in random aggregation. At the lowest iron concentration, the iron diminishes the superficial charge of both molecules and aggregated molecules, facilitating the interaction among hydrophobic regions and leading to the growth of the aggregation in the preferential direction and to filamentous gel formation. This study provides a comprehensive view of the different modes of gelation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 461–469, 2003


Abstract. The distribution of HL‐A antigens has been compared in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 300 healthy control subjects. 26 HL‐A antigens were tested using a lymphocytotoxicity micromethod. No statistical significant difference was observed between the antigenic frequencies in the two population. There is perhaps in rheumatoid arthritis an increased frequency of an antigenic determinant common to W10 and HL‐A13, but seeing that these two specificities are rare in the control population, the typing of a larger number of individuals will be necessary to prove or to refute this point.


Two ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide( CO2) extraction methods were used to produce propolis extracts from 9 districts and 16 varieties propolis samples in this study. The yield and total flavonoid content of propolis extracts were determined correspondingly. In addition,the propolis area differentiation was evaluated by data statistical analysis. By comparing two extraction methods,the results showed that the total flavonoid content of propolis extracts produced by the supercritical CO2extraction method was significantly lower than that produced by the ethanol extraction method. The propolis area differentiation results showed that the propolis grown in Hebei and Yunnan regions had generally higher yields and total flavonoid contents,the propolis developed at Hubei,Shandong,Hunan and Hainan areas had moderate yields and total flavonoid contents,and the propolis grown in Heilongjiang region had generally lower yield and total flavonoid content. Moreover,the total flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from different varieties grown in Henan and Sichuan regions showed significant differences. Therefore,this research suggested that the propolis production enterprises fixed the raw materials collecting area,variety and extraction method in order to guarantee the propolis product quality stability.


We used a likelihood-based paternity analysis to examine pollen-mediated gene flow within and among populations of Cecropia obtusifolia, a dioecious, wind-pollinated, tropical pioneer tree. We used allozyme data collected from leaf samples of adult trees and seeds from known mothers in an 8.64 ha study plot located in pristine forest in the Los Tuxtlas range in southern Mexico. Trees within the study plot have a patchy distribution. Four populations (including the reference population) were in natural forest areas, and these were paired with four 'acahual' populations (populations growing on human-disturbed sites). The paired sites were located from 1 to 43 km from the reference population, with a ninth (acahual) population 100 km away. We addressed the following questions: (1) Do males from the reference population contribute differentially to reproduction within the stand?; (2) How do intermate distance and patch affiliation affect pollination within the reference population?; (3) What are the relative male reproductive contributions from within and outside the study population? Male reproductive contributions were significantly uneven within the reference population (P<0.001). We demonstrated modest isolation by distance and an effect of patch affiliation for mating pairs within the reference population (P≤0.001), independent of the male-specific differences. The addition of the eight outpopulations to the model showed that 37% of the offspring in the reference population were probably fathered by males from the other populations. We observed a strong isolation by distance effect for these populations, but long-distance pollen flow is enough to have a strong homogenizing effect on the regional gene pool. None of the acahual populations appears to have contributed pollen. Paternity analysis yields a more detailed view of the effects of pollen-mediated gene flow than had emerged from previous FST analyses.


Acknowledgements Prologue: Aspects of Aristocracy Part 1: Processes and Problems: 1 The Making of the British Upper Classes 2 Aristocratic Indebtedness in the Nineteenth Century 3 Nobility and Mobility in Modern Britain. Part 2: Individuals in Context: 4 Lord Curzon as Ceremonial Impressario 5 Lord Strickland: Imperial Aristocrat and Aristocratic Imperialist 6 Winston Churchill as an Aristocratic Adventurer. Part 3: The Dynastic Perspective: 7 The Landowner as Millionaire: The Finances of the Dukes of Devonshire 8 Landowners, Lawyers and Litterateurs: The Cozen-Hardys of Letheringsett 9 Portrait of More Than a Marriage: Harold Nicolson and Vita Sackville-West Revisited Epilogue: Beyond the Country House. Appendices A: Aristocratic Indebtness in the 19th Century B: The Churchills C: The Devonshires D: The Cozen-Hardys E: The Nicolsons and the Sackville-Wests A Note on Sources List of Abbreviations Notes Index.


Stories can be a great way of teaching about other cultures. Paula Hammond tells a tale based on an old legend.


An engineering approach for analyzing airplane control and output characteristics is presented. State-space matrix equations describing the linear perturbation dynamics are transformed from physical coordinates into scaled coordinates. The scaling is accomplished by applying various transformations to the system to employ prior engineering knowledge of the airplane physics. Two different analysis techniques are then explained. Modal analysis techniques calculate the influence of each system input on each fundamental mode of motion and the distribution of each mode among the system outputs. The optimal steady state response technique computes the blending of steady state control inputs that optimize the steady state response of selected system outputs. Analysis of an example airplane model is presented to demonstrate the described engineering approach.


The past three decades have witnessed the growth of a voluminous literature on tenancy arid reIated institutions. Problems of resource use efficiency, role of markets, inter-linkages between markets and the emergence of institutions have all emerged as major issues. [Working Paper No. 260]


The objective of this research is to increase the knowledge of the fundamental technetium chemistry that is necessary to address challenges to the safe, long-term remediation of high-level waste posed by this element. These challenges may be divided into two categories: unexpected behavior of technetium in high-level waste tanks at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites and the behavior of technetium in waste forms.


Videologic Technology Increases Efficiency of British Transport Police Whilst newsof rail disastersis making the headlines with alarming regularity, very little is heardabout the BritishTransportPolice (B.T.P.) who are responsible for the co-ordination of the emergency services in such a crisis. Originally formedintheearlynineteenth century,theB.T.P.performs the samedutiesas the regularforces the protection of life and property andthepreservation ofgoodorder-butwithintheBritishRailandLondon Underground network. Muchof theworkin theseareasisunpredictableandcallsforaccurate and objective decision-making in order to makebest use of the services andtimeavailable inacrisissituation. Theessentialrequirement toensure the successof the rescue services is the fast flowof accurateinformation detailing hospitals, ambulance and fire stationsand access roads in the vicinityof any incident. To improvethis flow,an interactive geographic information system was introduced last year to the B.T.P.'s headquarters at TavistockPlace, London. DesignedandinstalledbyAction Information (Management) Limited (A.LM.), a Wiltshire -based company, the systemcalled Map Master, usesinteractive video(LV.)thecombination ofapersonalcomputerwith a videodisc player allowingthe user to overlaycomputergraphicson to video imagesof mapsstoredon a videodisc. The colour monitor is linked to a sophisticated LV. work-station runningVideoLogic'sM.LC.SystemSoftware(MultiMediaInteractive Control), LV.A.-30oo (interactive video adaptor) and four videodisc players. This allows the controller, usually a sergeant or a constable, access toan electronic displayof over200,000visualimages(frames) of Ordnance Survey(O.S.) maps whichare storedon videodiscs. Discsare obtainedby photographing hardcopyO:S.mapsusingan opticalcamera followed by tele-cine transferbefore final pressingon to videodisc. On screen, O.S. map images are overlaid with locations of police and ambulance stationsand other information whichwould be needed in an emergency. "One of the main problems with incidents on a train is that they are spreadovera widearea"said Assistant ChiefConstable(Operations)Ian Macgregor whois inchargeofall operations withintheforcejurisdiction. "If you havea seriousincidentsuchas a riot on a trainand that train continues to move,youcouldhavein a shorttimean incidentspreadover 50 or 60 miles that involves a number of divisions and services from differentlocations."


This article describes the psychometric characteristics of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI; Mahalik et al., 2005) in a group of Spanish college women (n = 383), and explores cross-cultural differences in feminine role norms. Factor analysis reveals a profile similar to the one obtained in the USA and, albeit differing in some aspects, in general it supports the authors' proposed structure. Reliability and corelations between sub- scales were adequate. Participants endorsed less traditional views toward 4 of the 8 feminine norms of the CFNI and reported significantly less conformity than comparable American students. Only the Domestic norm re- ceived greater endorsement by Spanish women in this group. The findings support the suitability of the CFNI for use in the Spanish group and establish an empirical base for future studies of Spanish femininity. Cross-country differences are discussed.


The droplets of water referred to as 'dew' actually have several different physical origins. Single pendulant droplets of water on the ends of blades of grass are usually produced by exudation of water from the moist ground under the action of root pressure in a biological or botanical process called guttation. Dew drops that are widely distributed over the surfaces of leaves or blades, on the other hand, are condensation products, with the condensation coming from two possible sources, the water vapor evaporating from the soil and the water vapor in the atmosphere (Monteith 1957). The process by which water vapor evaporates from the soil and condenses into dew has been referred to as distillation, while the process of condensation of atmospheric water vapor is termed dewfall. Distillation occurs on calm nights through a laminar sub-layer within the grass canopy with a transfer coefficient approaching the molecular value. Dewfall occurs when the leaves cool radiatively below the dewpoint temperature of the adjacent air and the water vapor condenses onto the surface. Additional water vapor is brought to the surface by turbulent diffusion. The downward flow of vapor from the atmosphere to the surface is indicated in atmospheric profiles by an increase of absolute humidity with height. The rate of condensation is increased by wind as this enhances turbulence and may even provide a source of new moisture. On windless nights, distillation is a relatively more important source of dew than is dewfall (Monteith 1957). Because the rate of dew deposition is tied to the rate of heat release (through the latent heat of vaporization) the condensation of dew and the consequent release of latent heat reduce the total nocturnal cooling relative to a night with no dew. In the framework of the surface heat budget, the nocturnal longwave radiation loss is compensated not only by the upward flux of heat from the ground and the downward flux of heat from the atmosphere, but also by the release of latent heat at the surface. A number of investigators have used nighttime sequences of atmospheric humidity soundings to estimate dewfall rates by observing the rate of nighttime loss of humidity from the lower atmosphere (Garratt and Segal 1988). Humidity advection during the night is not accounted for by this technique and, in open country, differential humidity advection (i.e., variation of humidity advection with height) often occurs, confounding the ____________________________________________ Corresponding author address: C. David Whiteman, PNNL, P. O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 analyses. A recent field experiment conducted in a completely enclosed limestone sinkhole in the Eastern Alps provides an opportunity to determine dewfall and its effects on the water and heat budgets of the sinkhole atmosphere in a situation where advection cannot be present.


In one a stator and a rotor comprising multi-phase dynamo-electric claw pole of the stator comprises a coil arrangement (1) having a plurality of coil units (2) which in turn are arranged in each case at least one associated between two pole plates (3), the axis of rotation (A) surrounding the annular coil ( 4). The two pole disks of each coil unit have the toroidal coil at its periphery facing the rotor alternately encompassing claws (8). The rotor has a portion extending over the axial length of the coil assembly cylinder portion disposed on the facing surface of the stator permanent magnets. Here, all pole plates are identical and have axially projecting lugs on at its side remote from the rotor periphery. The two pole disks of each coil unit are in the range of the end faces of the bosses directly to each other. Further, the opposing pole plates of two adjacent coil units directly adjoin each other.


In recent years, electronic paper – a display technology known for its low power consumption and paper-like appearance has started emerging in several consumer products, replacing reading and writing on regular paper to some extent. In this paper, the capabilities of electronic ink technology is evaluated in the context of drawing and note taking. Our tests were done by letting test participants use two different tablet devices as replacements for daily activities that usually require pen and paper; the reMarkable, using an electronic ink display, and the Apple iPad, using an LCD screen. The results from the tests showed that for writing, the reMarkable was superior to the iPad, although insufficient when it comes to software and user experience. This shows that the nature of tasks performed throughout a day benefits from a less niched, more do-all device such as an iPad. In summary, the results from this evaluation shows that while the technology has come a long way mimicking the look and feel of paper, integrating electronic paper technology into a tablet in this case demands a little too much of the technology itself. Ultimately, electronic paper still has some way to go before being the go to paper replacement that has been long sought after.


A class of analytic solution for RLW Burgers equation and KdV Burgers equation are given which include results of some papers.These solutions can be expressed as some linear combination of solutions of Burgers equation and RLW equation or KdV equation which correct conclusion in some paper.


Purpose : This study is a one group pre-post designed experimental study, which was conducted to identify the effects of simulation-based integrated...


Abstract Using survey data (n = 1,715) collected in 2001, I examine Uygur-Han differences in family size in Urumchi, the capital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. I show that Uygur ethnicity is a key predictor of family size in Urumchi. Employment in the state sector reduces the family size of Han Chinese. But it has no impact on Uygur Muslims. Married status is negatively associated with family size among the Uygurs but is not related to residence in a large household among the Han. I explain these contrasts with reference to the government preferential family planning policies for the Uygurs and the Han. These findings suggest that social status, ethnic culture, and government policy need to be combined to achieve a better understanding of ethnic families in China.


Agricultural transfer of population urbanization is the middle of the transition stage of the agricultural population transferto the town and the inevitable requirement of urbanization development. Since the 21 st century,along with continually advance of thecountry urbanization,whether agricultural transferring population can be truly integrated into the urban life and smoothly realize urbaniza-tion has a profound impact on China's economic society. This paper deeply studies and analyzes the following problems existing in newGuangxi agricultural transfer of population urbanization in the process of urbanization:household registration management,public servicelevel,high cost of individual farmers transferring and low cultural quality. It also puts forward strategies of reforming household registra-tion management,improving the public service system,perfecting the housing security system for agricultural population resettlement andstriving to improve culture quality of agricultural transferring population in the process of agricultural transferring population's citizeniza-tion.


Due to its passive,uniform and indistinctive characteristics to all customers,the current spatial information service is unable to meet various customer-specified requirements effectively.To advance humane and intelligent characters in spatial information services,a concept of personalized services in the spatial information field was proposed in this paper.Interrelated personalized information services in digital libraries,e-commerce and web services were discussed to inspire and identify key research points on spatial information services.These points included user modeling technologies,personalized recommendation algorithms,service quality evaluation approaches and methods on service control using spatial positions and spatial relationships.Since there are limited international studies available on spatial information personalized services,the core research points identified here were expected to invite further investigations to advance spatial information services.


n this paper author analyzes all cases of the city magistrates in Belgrade in 2002 which went into effect. The goal of this analysis is to determine how many cases are related to domestic violence and to define sentencing policy applied in these cases. In this analysis author pointed out problems and needs which exist in the work of the city magistrates. Also, some suggestions and recommendations for overcoming these problems are underlined. Keywords: nasilje u porodici, profil ucinioca, profil ostecenog/e, izrecene kazne


Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of various cognitive trainings, with working memory being the most often trained cognitive aspect. In this regard, executive aspects of working memory have received the most attention, with updating training being vastly explored. In this study, we aimed to examine the differential contribution of some individual characteristics to the efficacy of updating training using a well-established n-back training paradigm. More specifically, we examined the contribution of fluid reasoning (gf), and personality (neuroticism, conscientiousness) to training efficacy. Participants (N = 47) took part in a 15-session, dual n-back training, spread over 4 weeks. They were pretested for fluid reasoning (CFT-3), personality (IPIP-100), and performed the initial testing on the OSPAN task. OSPAN was measured in three additional measurement points (after 5th, 10th, 15th session). The data was analyzed within the multilevel modeling approach. Initial hypotheses were partly confirmed, in that: 1) training was efficient in terms of OSPAN score, which grew linearly over time and the trajectory was similar between participants, 2) although the growth was similar for all participants, differences were found in intercepts, and 3) these differences could be partly explained by differences in fluid reasoning, but not with personality traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism.


Detritus material in forested watersheds is the major terrestrial source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in source waters. Forest fire reduces the thickness of detritus layer and changes foliar litters into pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) on the forest floor, resulting in different quantity and quality of DOM exported from forested watersheds. Many studies have examined DBP precursors exported from forested watersheds; however, DOM leaching from PyOM, or dissolved black carbon (BC), could have different reactivity in DBP formation compared to the DOM leaching from unburned detritus layer. Using controlled laboratory burning in this study, characteristics of foliar litters before and after burn were compared. Quality and quantity of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) from raw and burned foliar litters commonly found in the southeastern United States, including baldcypress (Taxodium distichum), boxelder (Acer negundo), longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), pop ash (Fraxinus caroliniana), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) was compared, and evaluated for their disinfection by-product yield and specific DBP formation using a uniform formation condition test. Laboratory analysis


The effect of prior hot rolling and tempering on the mechanical properties of 13% Cr MSS was studied as a function of tempering temperature and grain size. The results indicate that a secondary strengthening phenomenon in stress and hardness occurs at tempering temperature of 500℃. The grain size decreases with increasing in the rolling reduction. Fine grain leads to an increase in the density of grain boundary and the homogeneous dispersion of carbide particles, that provides a dominant action against the crack propagation and increasing the mechanical properties.


The underlying assumption behind our conceptual framework is that CAMSAS is capable of acquiring user's personal information at finest level of detail. The goal of PDMA is to empower subjects (i.e. users which personal information is about) to determine which subset of their personal information is to be made available to recipients. In other words, the central notion of this construct is transformation of "known to the system" to "disclosed to recipients" on "need to know" basis determined by none other than the subject per se. The transformation process is illustrated in the Fig. 1.


Charge transport layer comprising (a) a copolycarbonate having a random distribution of monomer units derived from 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane derived, in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, and (b) a charge transport material.


The Business Model Handbook (BMH) for developing countries is a proposition for a tool that has the goal to help Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) and local entrepreneurs to design business models that use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and particularly the Internet in the context of developing economies. It shall help to develop the urgently needed critical mass of knowledge workers, technology users, and motivated entrepreneurs in order to deploy ICT in businesses of developing countries. Never before the Internet it has been as easy to share and transfer knowledge in such an efficient and global way. The objective of this Paper is twofold. First it proposes a theoretical business model framework (BMF) which shall allow SMEs, but also motivated local entrepreneurs in developing countries to understand the most relevant business issues in the Information Society. The BMF gives special attention to the opportunities that arise out of the use of Information Technology (IT) and particularly the use of the Internet for businesses in emerging economies (i.e. e-commerce). The second objective, which is the introduction of the Business Model Handbook for Developing Countries, shall allow an efficient knowledge transfer of the concepts developed and illustrated in the BMF. Therefore, the BMH should be deployed as a Web based tool, which allows Users to navigate through the concepts and the corresponding real world examples (case studies) and easily learn about business opportunities.


– Dapped-end beams (DEBs), commonly known as half joint beams, are broadly used in bridge constructions. The reduction of the depth at the supports of the beam makes it a critical shear area and vulnerable to damage. Being used primarily on bridges, dapped-end beams are susceptible to dynamic impact loading, which is more brutal than static load cases. Various reinforcement configurations combined with different concrete properties were used to withstand the stresses generated by such loadings and mitigate their effect on the critical shear location. To reduce the extensive work and use of resources required to investigate such problems, numerical investigations were conducted on LS-DYNA software to anticipate the enhancement in the shear capacity as a function of compressive strength, main reinforcement, and shear hanger reinforcement configurations. Multi-criteria decision-making using TOPSIS analysis was conducted to choose the best scenario configuration that maximizes the beam's performance under dynamic impact loading. TOPSIS analysis was based on the deflection of the beam, shear strength of the concrete, and stress and strain of main and hanger reinforcement.


Due to rising energy costs aircraft should have a lower kerosine consumption. To achieve this aircraft manufacturers increase the usage of high performance, lightweight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). At the moment production needs a lot of manual steps. However the airplane structures to be built e.g. a fuselage, are up to 30m long. It is strongly recommended to automate these processes. To build these parts automatically the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and built a large (30m × 15m × 7 m) robotic facility where multiple robots which move on linear axes share the same workspace. The sharing is important because the production process requires that the robots cooperate. Intelligent methods are necessary to generate collision-free paths for these robots.


The effect of ultrasonic energy on the degradation of methyl orange is found to be enhanced obviously in the presence of TiO 2 catalyst under the acidic condition. Irradiation with the ultrasound of 25 kHz frequency and power input of 1 0 W/cm 2 at pH=1 0, 98% methyl orange can be degradated within 90 min.


The utility model relates to a water proof case for stayed cable, which is characterized in that the device comprises a taper-type steel member (10), a HDPE pipe (11) and a seal ring (9), wherein the seal ring (9) is mounted in the outer slot; an external thread is positioned on the small end of the taper-type steel member (10) and an internal thread is positioned on one end of the HDPE pipe (11); the internal thread on the small end of the taper-type steel member (10) and the internal thread on one end of the HDPE pipe (11) work with each other. The utility model can prevent the rain water and the water vapor from getting into the cable; thereby, the device is of good water prevention effect and convenient use. The device can be widely applicable to cable-stayed bridges.


On the verge of the second decade of our millennium, controlled hypertension was estimated at the range of approximately 30% to 50% among those European middle-age and older patients who were already treated. Experts agree that non-adherence to pharmacotherapy and physician-related clinical inertia are the utmost challenge in hypertension management. Although treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs with single pill combination (SPC) offers effective solution to that  challenge, share of patients using SPC formulation is way under expectations. Few months of COVID-19 pandemic and repetitive lock-downs negatively impacted health condition of the whole societies. Experts report that overall cardiovascular risk profile of majority of patients worsened essentially over the course of several months of pandemic. Aggravated cardiovascular risk factors which clustered with uncontrolled hypertension calls for immediate action. Robust advocacy for wide use of SPC formulation composed of long-acting blood pressure lowering agents appears to be effective and timely getaway from this snare.


Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)(SAN) and poly(α-methyl styrene-co-acrylonitrile)(MSAN) are miscible with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and with poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA). That SAN and MSAN are immiscible with poly(n-propyl methacrylate) and with poly(isopropyl methacrylate) but miscible with PHPMA indicates the enhancement of polymer miscibility due to hydroxyl groups. The miscibility of these blends is explained in terms of recent theories for copolymer/homopolymer blends.


'The task of the Soviet media is to propagate the Communist Party line — and nothing else', while censorship also interferes with international TV exchanges


Poly(butylene succinate), a biodegradable plastic, was found to be an excellent source for producing valuable tetrahydrofuran (59.5 wt%), through a solventless catalytic hydrogenolysis process under mild conditions.


Foreword Acknowledgements Preface by David E. Shaner The Diamondsutra's Logic of Not I. Introduction II. The Goal of the Diamondsutra III. The Conceptual Scheme of the Sutra: the Boddhisattva IV. Affirmation of A V. A is not A VI. Perspectival Shift VII. Therefore It Is A VIII. Concluding Remarks Endnotes A Critique of Katz's Contextualism I. Introduction II. Katz's Philosophical Background III. Katz's Central Thesis and its Characterizations IV. Katz's Forms of Consciousness V. Katz on Causation VI. Katz's Denial of the Givens VII. Katz's Constructionism: the Intentionality Thesis VIII. Katz's Logical-Philosophical Issues IX. Concluding Remarks Afterthought Appendices Bibliography Index.


Preface to the Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition Preface to the 1979 Edition Acknowledgments Prologue: The King's Longest Night I. The Question of the King II. The End of the Monarchy III. The King Can Do No Wrong IV. The Man of the Temple V. The Accusation VI. A Lawyer for the King VII. The King's Defense VIII. The King and Desperate Men IX. The First Two Votes X. The Vote on Death XI. The King Must Die XII. The March to the Scaffold XIII. The Memory of a King Epilogue Appendix: The Third Appel Nominal A General Note on Sources and Authorities Index


A leaked in-progress proposed standard, ISO 14082, details reporting and measuring procedures for radiative forcing (RF), also known as geoengineering. While ISO denies that the standard should be applied to geoengineering approaches, the material detailed in the standard encourages the private development of either solar radiation management or carbon dioxide removal technologies. Understood from a framework of technical communication and geosocial theory, several concerns surface from ISO 14082. The proposed standard advocates for transparency, though does not address all locations for collusion. Likewise, the standard assumes that governments will define risk, though does not acknowledge that RF risks remain unclear. Further, the ISO 14082 intends to promote RF within a carbon credit marketplace, yet misses the opportunity to acknowledge broader climate justice goals and include a diverse array of stakeholders into RF projects. Technical communication scholars, while well-versed in the critical analysis of technical standards, could further adopt a geosocial critique for additional insight into environmental standards development.


The study sought to investigate the effect of individual counselling on academic performance of underachievers' pupil in Maimusari Public Primary School, Jere local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to examine the nature and causes of underachievement in Maimusari Public Primary School, also the effect of individual counselling on academic performance of the underachievers' pupil. Based on these objectives, two research questions and one null hypothesis were answered and tested respectively. Quasi-experimental design was used for the study. Twenty-two underachieving pupils were purposively sampled from the population of the study. Both questionnaire and interview were used as method of data collection; Effect of Individual Counselling on Underachievers in Public Primary Schools (EICUPPS) and interview schedule. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study discovered that coming late to school, not having complete learning material, depression, anxiety and teachers attitude in the classroom were the major causes of underachievement in Maimusari primary school. The study also revealed that individual counselling has helped the pupils in overcoming their learning barriers. It is therefore, concluded that individual counselling has significant effect on underachievement among pupils of public primary school in Maiduguri, Borno State. It is recommended among others that class teachers need to be oriented on how to identify underachieving pupils in their various classes and inform the appropriate authority for proper management.


Abstract : The United States' experience with a deterrent security strategy is colored by more than 40 years of confrontation with the Soviet Union. Over the Cold War years, American political leadership wrestled with two foreign policy challenges: the threat of communist expansion and the danger of nuclear weapons. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, communist expansion may be a thing of the past. Nevertheless, nuclear weapons are still with us in large numbers. Of the many challenges facing American statecraft in the 21st century, few are as foreboding as the accelerating proliferation of nuclear weapons and the means for their delivery. Although intelligence professionals cannot confidently predict the 21st century international environment, several trends characterize what we might find. There will still be ideological competitors, in some cases involved in intractable regional conflicts. Furthermore, nuclear and conventional military technologies will increasingly spread, militarizing old regional battles. As new nuclear regimes emerge, their political calculations will be tempered by these longstanding animosities, possibly escalating lower order regional violence to nuclear confrontation. The United States must address the significant issues raised by growing regional nuclear potential adversaries if it expects to influence the international order required to achieve the National Security Strategy's envisioned 'Age of Democratic Peace.'


The service reference model is a classification system for service producers who provide services worthy of service to the consumer. Therefore, independence between service producers is the most fundamental attribute of the service reference model. In this paper, to develop a service reference model, a method has been proposed to identify a service consumer using a business reference model, and to analyze the cohesiveness between business functions and subject data to identify mutually independent service producers. The service reference model development methodology of this study has been applied to the Botswana Government Enterprise Architecture project, and its effectiveness and practicality have been verified. The methodology will help countries that are trying to establish a new government EA.


Documental sources and categorization techniques were used to construct a series of the annual hail intensity in Mendoza area (Argentina). When the temporal series by means of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) was analyzed, we found interdecadal oscillations of periods of about 20 years and interannual oscillations of about 4 and 9 years. In addition when detrented-data were used a low frequency oscillation of about 72 years also appears.


Abstract Background: Manual pressure palpation is an examination technique used in the classification of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and fibromyalgia (FM). Currently, there are no validated systems for classifying results. A valid and reliable pressure pain threshold scale (PPTS) may provide a means for clinicians to grade, document, and report findings. The purpose of this investigation was to validate a PPTS in individuals diagnosed with MPS and FM. Intra-rater reliability, concurrent validity, minimum cut-off value, and patient responses were evaluated. Methods: Eighty-four participants who met the inclusion criteria were placed into three groups of 28 (N = 84): MPS, FM, and asymptomatic controls. All participants underwent a two-part testing session using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for classifying FM. Part-1 consisted of manual palpation with a digital pressure sensor for pressure consistency and part 2 consisted of algometry. For each tender point (18 total), participants graded tenderness using the visual analog scale (VAS) while the examiner concurrently graded response using a five-point PPTS. Results: The PPTS had good intra-rater reliability (ICC ≥ .88). A moderate to excellent relationship was found between the PPTS and VAS for all groups with the digital pressure sensor and algometer (ρ ≥ .61). A minimum cut-off value of 2 on the PPTS differentiated participants with MPS and FM from asymptomatic controls. Discussion: The results provide preliminary evidence validating the PPTS for individuals with MPS and FM. Future research should further study the clinimetric properties of the PPTS with other chronic pain and orthopedic conditions. Levels of Evidence: 2c. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration No. NCT02802202.


To enhance the mentoring process, it is imperative that mentors understand the functions and roles associated with what is means to be a "complete mentor". This article discusses these behavioral functions of the mentor, which were discovered through the development of the "Principles of Adult Mentoring Scale". It concludes with some thoughts about the benefits and implications of becoming a "complete mentor". Mentoring is assuming national importance as a vital component in the personal, educational, and professional experiences of adult learners. Mentoring is cited as an important element in understanding the development and growth of men and women (Daloz, 1986; Levinson, et al., 1978). It has also been a topic of discussion related to enrichment possibilities in the student personnel and development functions in higher education (Gaskill, 1993; Jacobi, 1991). Mentoring has found its place in higher education settings as a means of improving the instructional process, student and faculty relations, professional enhancement, and faculty development (Bova, 1995; Cohen, 1995a; Evanoski-Orsatti, 1988; Galbraith & Zelenak, 1991; Schlossburg, Lynch, and Chickering, 1989; St. Clair, 1994; Wunsch, 1994). In addition, the mentoring process has been an important element in the career development of women who sought to enhance advancement and increase their power and influence within organizations according to Bova (1995). Cohen (1995a), Fagenson (1989), Galbraith and Cohen (1995a), Kram (1985), Murray (1991), Turban and Dougherty (1994) and Zey (1984) have investigated mentorship in relationship to organizational and career developement, leadership potential, and learning within business and industry settings. To a large extent, however, the personal, educational, and professional significance of mentoring will depend on the ability of the mentor to develop and maintain a relevant interpersonal relationship with the mentee (Cohen, 1995a). Mentors who are provided with a proper orientation of the mentoring model of learning will be more likely to nurture effective mentor-mentee interactions and thereby successfully utilize the cumulative interactive potential of the total mentoring experience. The primary purpose of this article is to examine "the complete mentor role" and its six related behavioral functions, which were determined through the development and validation of Cohen's (1993) "The Principles of Adult Mentoring Scale". Defining mentoring is first detailed and then followed by a brief explanation of Cohen's scale. Next the six behavioral functions that constitute the complete mentor role is presented. The article concludes with some thoughts concerning the benefits and implications for mentors who accept the "complete mentor role". Defining Mentoring Mentoring is a process of intellectual, psychological, and affective development based on meetings of relative frequency scheduled over a reasonably extended time-frame. Mentors accept personal responsibility as competent and trustworthy nonparental figures for the significant growth of other individuals. Galbraith and Zelenak (1991, p. 126) suggest that mentoring is "a powerful emotional and passionate interaction whereby the mentor and protege experience personal, professional, and intellectual growth and development." The ideal mentoring relationship can be characterized as a series of mentor-mentee dialogues noted for collaborative critical thinking and planning, mutual participation in specific goal setting and decision-making, shared evaluation regarding the results of actions, and joint reflection on the worth of areas identified for progress. The premise of mentoring as one-to-one developmental learning is that an important adult educator/adult learner relationship will be formed that enables mentees to take appropriate risks, deal better with stress and uncertainty, develop more self-confidence, make more informed decisions, and thus allow for more likely attainment of current and future personal, educational, and professional objectives. …


Laboratory experiments investigating the effects of a lowering base level do not simulate natural eustatic lowering along concave river profiles. The field data on this issue are also quite limited. In evaluating the control exercised by lowering base level on a drainage network, distinction must be made between its influence and those of other hydromorphological processes operating within the basin. Field data on morphological relations, based on photogrammetric mapping and longitudinal profiling, have been gathered in the Dead Sea area, Israel, where a rapid fall in base level has occurred during the Holocene. The study area is an entrenched fan delta with a sequence of 14 unpaired fan terraces which die out at intersection points within an alluvial fan system.

The results suggest that the intersection points did not function as base levels. The receding base level played only a passive role, allowing entrenchment without transmitting a head-cutting feedback basinwards. The arid environment caused a delay in transmission of information through the system. The results support the model of short, episodic, and discontinuous erosional events, inherent in the evolution of drainage basins. It is suggested that base level effects in temperate and humid regions are not transferrable to arid zones.


The purpose of the study is to explore different experiences of Animal Assisted Therapy and search into how Animal Assisted Therapy in schools/preschools is already being pursued.To get the answer to my research question, I have done qualitative interviews with people working withAnimal Assisted Therapy in schools and preschools to share their experiences.The purpose of Animal Assisted Therapy may be to practice a specific knowledge, for example reading, but it may also be social interaction, communication, respect and responsibility.During my interviews, I have learned that Animal Assisted Therapyalso increases self-respect, self-esteem and empathy for others. It helps in the understanding of social interaction and respect of humans and animals. The individual becomes more able to take responsibility, communicate with others and take on school work. All my informants believe that the animal contributes to a relaxed, stress- and anxiety-reducing environment, through the hormone Oxytocin. Animal Assisted Therapy can be used as an educational tool in teaching to help students overcome their problems and continue learning.


role in controlling the level and activity of a protein. The protein p73 has been identified as a homolog of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and is capable of inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest [1]. Nonetheless, p73 is rarely found to be mutated in human tumors, and p73deficient mice display no increase in tumor incidence. However, several studies have shown that p73 is missing or reduced in expression in certain human tumors (through loss of heterozygosity or allele silencing), thus implying that p73 has tumorsuppressive activities. Flores et al. have shown that p73 mice develop spontaneous tumors, that the loss of p73 can cooperate with p53 in tumor suppression, and that simultaneous mutation of both p73 and p53 leads to a more aggressive tumor phenotype, thus indicating that p73 plays an important role in tumor suppression in the mouse model [2]. This suggests that the regulation of p73 expression and stability are essential for maintaining normal cell growth. Several ubiquitin E3 ligases have been reported to regulate p73 stability; however, the mechanism of p73 regulation remains partially understood. Atrophin-1 interacting protein 4 (AIP4, also called Itch) contains an N-terminal C2 domain, protein interacting WW domains, and a Cterminal HECT ligase domain, which belongs to HECT (homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus) domain proteins. It was reported that AIP4 serves as an E3 ligase for Notch, CXCR4, LMP2A, HEF1, Smad2, ErbB-4, p73, p63 [3]. AIP4 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of p73 [4]. AIP4 inhibits p73 dependent transcriptional activity. Interestingly, AIP4 shows no E3 ligase activity towards p53 despite the homology between the two tumor suppressors [4]. Pirh2 is a RING finger ligase that binds to and promotes p53 degradation [5]. Furthermore, Pirh2 downregulates p53dependent transactivation and p53-mediated inhibition of cell growth, and like Mdm2, Pirh2 participates in an auto-regulatory feedback loop involving p53 [5]. Overexpression of Pirh2 in mouse tumors is accompanied by low p53 protein expression, but Mdm2 levels remain unchanged. E3 ligases often control the ubiquitination of multiple substrates; Pirh2 serves as an E3 ligase for AR, Tip60, hNTKL-BP1, p27, p73, p63, CHK2 [6]. It was reported that Pirh2 deficiency mice resulted in higher levels of p53 in several tissues in response to DNA damage and despite the presence of Editorial


Memristors, Flash, and related nonvolatile analog device technologies offer in‐memory computing structures operating in the analog domain, such as accelerating linear matrix operations in array structures. These take advantage of analog tunability and large dynamic range. At the other side, content addressable memories (CAM) are fast digital lookup tables which effectively perform nonlinear Boolean logic and return a digital match/mismatch value. Recently, nonvolatile analog CAMs have been presented merging analog storage and analog search operations with digital match/mismatch output. However, CAM blocks cannot easily be inserted within a larger adaptive system due to the challenges of training and learning with binary outputs. Here, a missing link between analog crossbar arrays and CAMs, namely a differentiable content addressable memory (dCAM), is presented. Utilizing nonvolatile memories that act as a "soft" memory with analog outputs, dCAM enables learning and fine‐tuning of the memory operation and performance. Four applications are quantitatively evaluated to highlight the capabilities: improved data pattern storage, improved robustness to noise and variability, reduced energy and latency performance, and an application to solving Boolean satisfiability optimization problems. The use of dCAM is envisioned as a core building block of fully differentiable computing systems employing multiple types of analog compute operations and memories.


Based on nonlinear prediction and NCEP/NCAR monthly multi-level geopotential heights, spatial heterogeneity of predictability was obtained over the Northern Hemisphere. On the whole, the predictability is high in continental and higher levels and low in oceans and lower levels from seasonal to interannual timescale. The predictability of the seasonal time scale is similar with the seasonal to interannual timescale. When it goes to the interannual time scale, the predictability becomes high in lower troposphere and low in mid-upper troposphere contrary to the formers. And on the whole the interannual trend is more predictable than the seasonal trend. The strength of the seasonal cycle plays a great role in the heterogeneity of predictability which is proved true by spectrum analysis. Other reasons maybe the properties of the atmospheric air, topographic forcing and timescale interactions.


In recent years, Kernel Correlation Filter (KCF) has been a highlight topic due to its excellent performance on visual tracking tasks in real-scenes. However, fixed search boxes which are used to delineate candidate objects are widely used in the current KCF based algorithms, and its tracking ability degrades when the scale of the object changes. Besides, occlusion always make the tracked object lost in real scene as the tracker highly relies on the response maximum. To improve robustness and reliability, we propose a scale-adaptive target tracking algorithm based on KCF to meet the challenge of the scale variation. At the same time, we propose a new strategy for template update with the average peak correlation energy to reduce the drift problem. When both the average peak correlation energy and the maximum response peak of the current frame are lower than the certain thresholds, the proposed re-detection model will be activated to detect the corresponding object through the particle resampling strategy and regain the position. Experiments on public data sets OTB2013 are used to verify the behaviors of the proposed method, and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm holds the superiority to the current correlation filtering algorithm in the evaluation index of success rate and range accuracy, and is more stable in the case of large scale variation of target and occlusion.


In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy-constrained sensor nodes are always deployed in hazardous and inaccessible environments, making energy management a key problem for network design. The mechanism of RNTA (redundant node transmission agents) lacks an updating mechanism for the redundant nodes, causing an unbalanced energy distribution among sensor nodes. This paper presents an energy-balanced mechanism for hierarchical routing (EBM-HR), in which the residual energy of redundant nodes is quantified and made hierarchic, so that the cluster head can dynamically select the redundant node with the highest residual energy grade as a relay to complete the information transmission to the sink node and achieve an intracluster energy balance. In addition, the network is divided into several layers according to the distances between cluster heads and the sink node. Based on the energy consumption of the cluster heads, the sink node will decide to recluster only in a certain layer so as to achieve an intercluster energy balance. Our approach is evaluated by a simulation comparing the LEACH algorithm to the HEED algorithm. The results demonstrate that the BEM-HR mechanism can significantly boost the performance of a network in terms of network lifetime, data transmission quality, and energy balance.


Ratcliffe et al. (2006) compared the breeding biology of terns Sterna spp. on the Uists, Western Isles, where American Mink Mustela vison (hereafter 'mink') had been removed, and on nearby Lewis, where there had been no mink control. They showed that hatching success was significantly higher on the Uists, indicating that mink removal improved this aspect of breeding, but found no significant difference in colony productivity between the two areas. The years in which the comparisons were made, 1993 and 2005, were years of low tern productivity, probably caused by poor weather and food shortage, respectively. The authors considered that such factors overrode any effect of mink by killing young terns before mink could take them, and suggested
that any effects of mink would be more detectable in years of high tern productivity when more young terns survived.


We present new high resolution numerical simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) in a central R ≤ 32 parsecs region around a supermassive black hole (1.3 × 10M⊙) at a galactic center. Threedimensional hydrodynamic modeling of the ISM (Wada & Norman 2002) with the nuclear starburst now includes tracking of the formation of molecular hydrogen (H2 ) out of the neutral hydrogen phase as a function of the evolving ambient ISM conditions with a finer spatial resolution (0.125 pc). In a quasi equilibrium state, mass fraction of H2 is about 0.4 (total H2 mass is ≃ 1.5 × 10 M⊙) of the total gas mass for the uniform far UV (FUV) with G0 = 10 in Habing unit. As shown in the previous model, the gas forms an inhomogeneous disk, whose scale-height becomes larger in the outer region. H2 forms a thin nuclear disk in the inner ≃ 5 pc, which is surrounded by molecular clouds swelled up toward h . 10 pc. The velocity field of the disk is highly turbulent in the torus region, whose velocity dispersion is ≃ 20 km s on average. Average supernova rate (SNR) of ≃ 5 × 10yr is large enough to energize these structures. Gas column densities toward the nucleus larger than 10 cm are observed if the viewing angle is smaller than θv ≃ 50 ◦ from the edge-on. However, the column densities are distributed over almost two orders of magnitude around the average for any given viewing angle due to the clumpy nature of the torus. For a stronger FUV (G0 = 100), the total H2 mass in an equillibrium is only slightly smaller (≃ 0.35), a testimony to the strong self-shielding nature of H2, and the molecular gas is somewhat more concentrated in a mid-plane. Other properties of the ISM are not very sensitive either to the FUV intensity and the supernova rate. Finally the morphology and kinematics of the circumnuclear molecular gas disks emerging from our models is similar to that revealed by recent near infrared observations using VLTI/Keck. Subject headings: galaxies: Seyfert – galaxies: starburst – ISM: structure – ISM: molecules – method: numerical


Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika Komputer (STIKOM) Uyelindo Kupang is an institution of higher learning that have a very complex data information and spreads in various related parties. The current system at the Academic Department of Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika Komputer (STIKOM) Uyelindo Kupang still be as simple as using Microsoft Access and Visual FoxPro, as well as some data is still stored in Microsoft Excel format which causes all information service can only be obtained during working hours only. This is an obstacle for students to obtain college information and do have a lot of complaints into the Academic Department about this system. This study intended to make the development of the old system by creating a mobile-based academic information service. This development is expected to improve the performance of academic service for students in Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika Komputer (STIKOM) Uyelindo Kupang. Application created with the concept of client-server, which is the client application will be used by students who are used to access data from the database server by utilizing web service application run by the Academic Department to input information from the academic service. This research is still using the current system by integrating all data from FoxPro and Microsoft Access to database server using MySQL. In order to improve the academic service, mobile application is developed using J2ME that can be used by students.


We study the dynamics of a soliton-impurity system modeled in terms of a binary Bose–Einstein condensate. This is achieved by 'switching off' one of the two self-interaction scattering lengths, giving a two component system where the second component is trapped entirely by the presence of the first component. It is shown that this system possesses rich dynamics, including the identification of unusual 'weak' dimers that appear close to the zero inter-component scattering length. It is further found that this system supports quasi-stable trimers in regimes where the equivalent single-component gas does not, which is attributed to the presence of the impurity atoms which can dynamically tunnel between the solitons, and maintain the required phase differences that support the trimer state.


We experimentally assessed the performance of partial DQPSK at 85.3 Gb/s, and demonstrated improved tolerance to ASE noise, chromatic dispersion and fibre nonlinearity in comparison to conventional DQPSK.


Application Programming Interface (API) in software development acts as an important milestone for software productions. It is believed that API usability impacts upon ease-in-use, operationability and acceptability among its audience. Likewise, an ever increasing need for extending and integrating Usability Engineering (UE) has become vital for the success of software products. Earlier researches within this domain do not address API's usability via a component-based framework approach. The proposed framework emphasizes on consolidated formulation of various usability and quality models to derive chunks of dimensional variables. Further the paper highlights API usability practices and heuristics applied in API development process and discusses API product's artifacts component to be used in deriving further product-related components to support enhancing usability.


In this issue of the Journal, Freeman and colleagues (pp. 267–278) provide early evidence that Gammaproteobacteria-dominated airway dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (1), a chronic lung disease secondary to preterm birth that affects more than a third of extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation (2). Previously, the same group had shown that Gammaproteobacteria-dominated airway microbiome correlated with BPD (3), joining several studies linking respiratory dysbiosis and BPD (4). The present study furthers this work by demonstrating a causative effect in a hyperoxia mouse model. In the present study, tracheal aspirates from BPD-diagnosed human infants were delivered to the tracheas of hyperoxia-exposed gnotobiotic neonatal mice; lung pathology was exacerbated by human BPD-associated tracheal aspirates but not by that of nonBPD control tracheal aspirates. A similar effect was seen with monocolonization with the prototypical Gammaproteobacterium Escherichia coli. Knockout mice lacking the antioxidant gene Nrf2 experienced a more severe phenotype after inoculation with E. coli. However, lung pathology in hyperoxia-exposed Nrf2 mice was attenuated by intratracheal delivery of three Lactobacillus spp. cocultures. These findings support a causative relationship, both protective and pathogenic, between respiratory microbiota and redox pathways in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung disease that could potentially be exploited for much-needed novel microbiotatargeted interventions to prevent and/or treat BPD. The clinical implications of these findings are severalfold. It has long been accepted that anteand postnatal infections, including pneumonias, contribute to the development of BPD in preterm infants (5, 6). Growing evidence, however, suggests that antibiotic exposure in the absence of infection, which is common in clinical practice to treat suspected neonatal infection, has an equally harmful impact on respiratory morbidity (7). The present study adds to the evidence that host-microbiome interactions modulate neonatal lung injury. If this paradigm is true, then therapies designed to harness subtle and nuanced host/microbe metabolic interactions could restore tissue homeostasis and attenuate neonatal lung injury. Physicians may then find themselves for the first time in decades armed with a new treatment for BPD. Clinically, there are two important time points in the course of BPD, and one could imagine using knowledge of airway dysbiosis to intervene at either time. Events in the first weeks of life, such as infection, exposure to antibiotics, hyperoxia, and mechanical ventilation, predispose infants to a pathogenetic cascade that eventually leads to BPD. Interestingly, clinicians often observe a pattern of clinical deterioration at 1–2 weeks of life that predicts BPD (8). Early interventions to establish and maintain a beneficial airway microbiome could serve as a preventive measure. Once the disease is established, infants with BPD demonstrate a unique clinical phenotype that includes not only obstructive-type lung disease but also more systemic morbidity, including dysregulated immunity, restricted growth, cardiovascular disease (e.g., systemic and pulmonary hypertension), abnormal gastrointestinal functioning, and impaired neurodevelopment (9–11). This latter time point is particularly burdensome and difficult to manage. Notably, the tracheal aspirates used by the authors in this study were obtained from infants with established BPD, providing a glimmer of hope that restoration of a healthy microbiome even in advanced stages of BPD may be beneficial. There are a number of outstanding questions. Although the authors provide some evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship among airway microbial ecology, redox homeostasis, and BPD in an animal model, there is more to learn about the underlying mechanisms before findings can be confidently translated to human trials. For example, what is the risk:benefit ratio for the administration of the "beneficial" Lactobacillus spp. to human neonates? Metagenomic, metabolomic, and rigorous in vitro and in vivo functional approaches comparing various Lactobacillus species, which are known to encode antioxidant-related genes (12), could aid in understanding this potential risk:benefit ratio. Is it safe and feasible to inoculate the airway? Does the introduction of beneficial microbial species require direct inoculation of the airway, or would another route suffice? Is there another way to modify the airway microbiota besides directly introducing new species? Isolated case reports linked gut probiotics to systemic infection in premature neonates, for example, and therefore probiotics are not yet universally accepted among neonatologists as a safe intervention (13). A caveat to consider is that a lack of niche fitness—or the appropriateness of the host's unique local environment to support a certain microbial community—may preclude the usefulness of attempts to modify the respiratory microbiome (7). Similarly, the systemic derangements in immunity seen in babies with BPDmay thwart such efforts. Last, it should be acknowledged that this study did not investigate the potential impact of other components besides microbes present in tracheal aspirates—for instance, cytokines and metabolic by-products—that may contribute to the potentiation of lung injury in their mouse model; it is possible that the microbiomemay have played a lesser role than is assumed. Nonetheless, the present study by Freeman and colleagues (1) presents a compelling case to accelerate the field of host–microbiota symbiosis toward novel interventions to prevent and treat BPD.


Weeds can cause serious damage during soybean development, due to allelopathy, competition for water, light and nutrients. It is necessary to investigate the influence of straw, of weeds Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis, in soybean growth, production and composition and grains. If there is influence of allelopathic compounds at the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of straw of maize and Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D.Webster crops and Conyza spp., D. insularis, on growth, production and composition of grains produced by soybean. Treatments consisted of the control (absence of straw), maize straw, Urochloa brizantha straw, Conyza spp. straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1) and D. insularis straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1). The chlorophyll index, height of plants and insertion of the first pod, stem diameter at the collar and at 5 cm from the collar, root dry mass, number of pods and grains, weight of total grains, weight of 100 grains, protein and nitrogen (N), catalase and peroxidase contents in grains were evaluated. There was no difference between treatments for plant height, first pod height and chlorophyll index, as well as for total pods and 100 grain weight and protein content, N content and peroxidase and carboxylase enzymatic activity of the grains produced. For stem diameter, a higher value was found for the treatment with maize straw compared to the control (no straw). For dry root matter, treatments without straw and with Conyza spp. straw up to 1500 kg ha-1, differed from the treatment with maize straw. Even in some respects they provided beneficial effects compared to the absence of straw, which indicates the importance of crop residues. No allelopathic effects of weeds were observed on the growth and development of soybean. Conyza spp., D. insularis, maize or U. brizantha straws do not negatively affect soybean growth, production and grain composition.


Many researches show that, in metal cutting process, tool wear rate depends on some cutting process parameters, such as temperature at tool face, contact pressure and relative sliding velocity at tool/chip and tool/workpiece interfaces. Finite element method(FEM) application enables the estimate of these parameters and the tool wear. A tool wear estimate program based on chip formation and heat transfer analysis is designed and compiled with Python to calculate the wear rate and volume, and update tool geometry according to the tool wear. The progressive flank and crater wears in milling operation are estimated by the program. The FEM code ABAQUS/Explicit and Standard are employed to analyze chip formation and heat transfer process.


Abstract : The Digital Avionics Information System (DAIS) approach to avionics design is a total system concept rather than a functional subsystem or hardware-oriented system. DAIS uses the common processing, information transfer, control and display, and support software elements to service all avionics functional areas on an integrated basis. Thus, the DAIS architecture and core elements are not dedicated to any one specific avionic function, but are used to perform the tasks of many avionic functions with the avionic sensors and subsystems. This system approach provides flexibility to accommodate a wide variety of avionic configurations and missions, as well as redundancy to improve availability. Standardization and replication of the core elements can reduce the life cycle costs when major modifications/retrofits of an avionic configuration is considered, or when applied across the fleet by reducing unnecessary development proliferation and reducing maintenance costs. A limited assessment of the potential effects of the DAIS concept on avionics system life cycle cost are assessed in this report by a cost comparison of a hypothetical application of a conceptual mid-1980's DAIS suite versus a conventional avionics suite used in a close-air-support (CAS) aircraft both with one major modification/retrofit. The first volume of this two volume technical report describes the cost comparison and its results. This volume supplements the first by providing additional details of the comparison, appendices, model output reports of the Life Cycle Cost Impact Modeling System (LCCIM), and data used in the comparison. (Author)


This paper aims to design a new kind of questionnaire to be applied in the Knowledge Management audit. For illustration purpose, we analyse the knowledge management audit in a grain storage and conservation company. This proposal is based on 18 well-known questionnaires to audit knowledge management. We recommend using neutrosophic Iadov to process the obtained answers. Neutrosophy is combined with Iadov technique to model uncertainty and indeterminacy which characterize the possible answers given by the interviewed persons, as well as to evaluate according to a linguistic scale. Our contribution is that we propose a more generic questionnaire on knowledge management audit which can process indeterminate information and knowledge, and additionally we confirm it with one case study.


The problem of the deflection and moment distribution resulting from a uniform temperature difference between upper and lower faces of a circular plate containing a ring of equally spaced circular holes is solved within the framework of the Poisson-Kirchhoff space theory of plates. A general boundary condition is applied at the outer rim of the plate to make the solution valid for a range of conditions from the simply supported case to the clamped case. The edge of the perforations are free. Numerical results in the form of curves are given for typical cases.


PurposeThe credibility of valuation is enhanced by the use of quality and reliable property market data. Nonetheless, the availability of quality and reliable market data remains a problem for valuers in Ghana, as current market data sources are tainted with issues of reliability. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of establishing property market data banks in Ghana, to help solve the market data problem faced by valuers.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a mixed-method approach consisting of the identification and review of literature, interviews with officials from the Lands Valuation Division of the Lands Commission and a questionnaire survey of property valuers.FindingsThe study finds that it is possible for property market data banks to be established, and in the absence of facilitating legislation, partnerships among various stakeholders are the best way of achieving this. The study identifies the lack of initiative and the lack of partnerships among the various stakeholders inter alia as the major factors limiting the establishment of property market data banks. The findings imply a need for stakeholders to take initiative to establish a property market data bank aimed at improving the quality and reliability of market data to enhance the valuation practice.Originality/valueThe study asserts the possibility of creating a property market data bank in Ghana, notwithstanding the limiting factors. The findings will provide a basis for relevant institutions and agencies to take cooperative action for the establishment of property market data banks, towards enhancing the valuation practice in Ghana as well as in other developing countries. The study will also prompt research into various tools and mechanisms to be adopted towards the establishment of property market data banks through participatory means.


Motivated by the observation of non-exponential run-time distributions of bacterial swimmers, we propose a minimal phenomenological model for taxis of active particles whose motion is controlled by an internal clock. The ticking of the clock depends on an external concentration field, e.g., a chemical substance. We demonstrate that these particles can detect concentration gradients and respond to them by moving up- or down-gradient depending on the clock design, albeit measurements of these fields are purely local in space and instantaneous in time. Altogether, our results open a new route in the study of directional navigation: we show that the use of a clock to control motility actions represents a generic and versatile toolbox to engineer behavioral responses to external cues, such as light, chemical, or temperature gradients.


The surface rigidity and corrugation of the liquid metals indium, gallium, and bismuth are investigated by scattering neon, argon, and xenon from each liquid. The inert gas fractional energy transfers and trapping–desorption fractions are much lower for these atomic liquids than for molecular fluids, reflecting the high mass densities and high surface tensions of the liquid metals. The peak energy transfer at a 55° specular angle can be predicted by using hard sphere collision mechanics and by estimating the mass ratio μ=mgas/msurf by (0.28±0.02 A−1) (ρgas/ρliq), where ρgas is the mass per cross‐sectional area of the gas atom and ρliq is the bulk metal density. The specular scattering intensity decreases as the liquid's temperature increases at a fractional rate approximately equal to −1/(2Tliq). The intensity appears to scale nearly inversely with the amplitude of the surface atom fluctuations.


This dissertation was carried out in the context of graduate program "Governance and public policies" of the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the University of Peloponnese. The object of this work is the Education, Development and Training of human resources in the Public Administration, presenting the case of training of Labour relations Inspectors, officials of the Labour Inspectorate of the Ministry of Labour, Social Insurance and Social Solidarity.
The work is divided in theoretical part that consists of four chapters and in research which consists of one chapter. In the theoretical part of the work, the first Chapter analyzes terms and concepts such as civil servant, lifelong education, continuing education, further education, training and human resources.
The second Chapter examines the role of civil servant in modern times, the difference between growth and education, as well as the factors that determine the need for training and development and the contribution of education and training.
Chapter three analyses the training provided to civil servants and who are the actors who provide it. Among others is mentioned the case of the Hellenic Open University and the new endeavor that progresses. This endeavor was created on the initiative of the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reconstruction, aimed at training officials in public management.
Chapter four examines the operational plans and their contribution to the development of human resources in the Public Administration. More specific, studies programs like Education and Lifelong Learning and Administrative Reform.
Τhe second part of the research work studies the case of Labour relations of Inspectors Hellenic Labour Inspectorate (SEPE). Chapter five examines the demographic, educational and service characteristic of those who participated in the training program, records the methods and evaluation tools of the educational program and assesses the results of evaluation of the educational process. The survey was completed by the method of interview "semi constructed", a widely used data collection method in qualitative research. The interview allowed us to deepen the educational program, to understand the necessity of creation of this educational action, which problems resolved, and if can adopt it as a good practice for future training of personnel of Public Administration.
Finally, Chapter six records the conclusions from the synthesis of theoretical and research part of this thesis as well as some proposals with the main theme of our work.


Abstract Phthalocyanines are important organic dyes with a broad applicability in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing and nanomedicine. Currently, phthalocyanines are synthetized in high boiling organic solvents, like dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), which is a flammable, corrosive, and bioactive substance, miscible with water and harmful to the environment. Here we show a new solid‐state approach for the high‐yielding synthesis of phthalocyanines, which reduces up to 100‐fold the amount of DMAE. Through systematic screening of solid‐state reaction parameters, carried out by ball‐milling and aging, we reveal the influence of key variables—temperature, presence of a template, and the amount and role of DMAE in the conversion of tBu phthalonitrile to tetra‐tBu phthalocyanine. These results set the foundations to synthesize these high‐performance dyes through a greener approach, opening the field of solid‐state synthesis to a wider family of phthalocyanines.


A numerical study of the dynamics of filling a column containing a packed bed of hollow glass microspheres with a methane-helium mixture is carried out for cases of stepwise and smooth pressure rise at the column entrance. The quartz glass shells of microspheres are permeable to helium and impermeable to methane. Computations are performed in one-dimensional isothermal approximation for different values of the microsphere radius, shell thickness and temperature. The equations governing the gas mixture dynamics and helium sorption by microspheres are solved numerically. The relation between the rate of column filling with a gas and the rate of helium sorption by individual microspheres defines the regime of the process. In the case of the slow movement of a pressure wave (low rate of column filling), an equilibrium (wave) regime takes place. In the case of rapid column filling when the characteristic time of column filling with the mixture and the time of microsphere saturation with helium are considerably different, the operation regime of the column appears to be non-equilibrium. The results obtained are supposed to be used for the development of non-cryogenic methods of natural gas enrichment with helium and separation of mixtures.


We found that perceptions of developmental PA was positively related to knowledge sharing behavior .Their relationship was mediated by affective organizational commitment and moderated by individual traditionality and organizational ownership types.


The identification of topology change is the key foundation to support the operation of low voltage distribution network. For this reason, this paper proposes an identification method of topology change based on the analysis of electrical characteristics. Firstly, the current data of each meter between adjacent sliding window is used to fit the original topology, and the current deviation is calculated to determine the original topology changes or not. Considering less changes of topology can not cause obvious current deviation, a K-means clustering algorithm based on voltage correlation is used to figure out whether the topology changes or not by comparing the voltage clustering results between adjacent sliding window. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the topology change.


To better understand the dynamical process of active-region filament eruptions and associated flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we carried out a statistical study of 120 events observed by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) from 1998 to 2007. We combined filament observations with the NOAA's flare reports, Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetograms and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) data, to investigate the relationship between active-region filament eruptions and other solar activities. We found that 115 out of 120 (about 96 per cent) filament eruptions are associated with flares. 56 out of 105 (about 53 per cent) filament eruptions are found to be associated with CMEs except for 15 events without corresponding LASCO data. We note the limitation of coronagraphs duo to geometry or sensitivity, leading to many smaller CMEs that are Earth-directed or well out of the plane of sky not being detected by near-Earth spacecraft. Excluding those without corresponding LASCO data, the CME association rate of active-region filament eruptions clearly increases with X-ray flare class from about 32 per cent for C-class flares to 100 per cent for X-class flares. We also found that the eruptions of active-region filaments associated with halo CMEs are often accompanied by large flares (18 out of 20 events; ≥ M1.0). About 92 per cent events (11 out of 12) associated with X-class flare are associated with halo CMEs. Such a result is due to the fact that the Earth-directed CMEs detected as halo CMEs are often the larger CMEs and many of the smaller ones are not detected because of the geometry and low intensity. The average speed of the associated CMEs of filament eruptions increases with X-ray flare size from 563.7 km s − 1 for C-class flares to 1506.6 km s − 1 for X-class flares. Excluding the active region located in the area more than 50 ◦ from the solar centre and five without corresponding MDI data, the β magnetic field configuration (about 47 per cent; 36 out of 77) is more likely to form eruptive filaments than the other ones and there are 33 filament eruptions associated with magnetic flux cancellation, 42 events associated with magnetic flux emergence and two events without variation of magnetic field. The average area of emergence regions is 855.9 arcsec 2 . These findings may be instructive not only in respect to the modelling of active-region filament eruptions but also in predicting flares and CMEs.


The paper presents the problem of right direction of changes of the velocity quotient in view of getting advantageous smoothing results of material finishing using a compact elastic wheel. In fact the problem has been considered reversely in comparison with the change direction of the velocity quotient on the grounds of knowledge on grinding using ceramic wheels. The specifics of performance of the elastic wheels are considered. The investigation was carried out on the effect of their peripheral velocity on the directions of smoothing. The problem is considered by presenting it on the background of determined results of grinding using a ceramic wheel. The dependence of a determined roughness measure of the smoothed surface on the velocity quotient is delivered. The forms of a function approximating experimental dependences of the subject roughness measure on the mentioned quotient have been derived. Furthermore, the results coming out of the performed experimental studies have been presented.