Influenza virus remains a significant threat to humanity [1] despite the discovery of novel antiviral therapies and the continuing development of seasonal vaccines. Annual influenza epidemics exact a high toll in morbidity, estimated to be in the range of three to five million cases of severe illness, and mortality, with up to half a million deaths worldwide [2]. The twenty-first century's first influenza pandemic caused by the commonly referred 'swine flu' virus strain (H1N1) 2009 has had major economic impact across the world and accounted for 414,000 confirmed cases and 5,000 deaths worldwide [3]. Human infection with the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus accounted for 552 confirmed cases and 322 deaths worldwide between 2003 and 2011 [4]. A recent study has estimated that a human-to-human transmissible, highly pathogenic, pandemic influenza virus could lead to ~62 million deaths worldwide [5]. The prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses increased to 99% in many countries during 2008–2009 flu season [6] and recent isolation of oseltamivir-resistant [7] H5N1 thus necessitate the continued development of alternative antiviral agents. In this edited volume, Klenk provides an excellent review on the virology of influenza virus and its pathogenesis. As introduced in this particular contribution influenza virus sialidase (neuraminidase EC 22.214.171.124) is an enzyme (an exo-glycohydrolase) and is a tetrameric glycoprotein that consists of four identical subunits [8] anchored to the viral membrane by a long thin stalk. This enzyme effectively acts as a pair of biological scissors cleaving a-ketosidically linked sialic acids from glycoconjugates [8]. This enzyme action facilitates both the movement of virus particles through the upper respiratory tract, and, importantly, the escape of virion progeny from the surface of infected cells [8–11]. The essential nature of the influenza virus sialidase in the virus' life cycle makes it an ideal drug discovery target. In subsequent contributions, Nicholls and colleagues provide an invaluable overview on the characterisation of carbohydrate recognition by influenza virus and a detailed analysis of virus tropism, Chan and Bennet elaborate on sialidase enzymology and Dyason and von Itzstein provide an up-to-date discussion on recent developments in influenza virus sialidase structure-based drug design.


Review(s) of: Insurance Law: Practice, Policy and Principles, by Webb and Rowe (eds), Centre for Commercial and Corporate Law, Christchurch, 2003. Includes footnotes.


High failure rates in the Differential and Integral Calculus courses and the subsequent dropout caused by them are a reason for concern in many universities around the world, both in developing countries such as Brazil and developed ones such as the United States of America. So, it is not surprising that there is lots of interest in researching about this context, and possible ways of action. This is the focus of this article, to study about the origins of this situation, analyzing the causes of the students' difficulties and presenting Collaborative Learning as an effective way to change this situation. The article is based on data from several universities that have shown interest in this method. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this practice, both in academic and psychological performance of the students, thus showing the need for a greater incentive of this technique, as well as an intense study of the way it should be done.


Empowerment is central to continuous improvement at the personal, professional, and organizational levels. At its core, strategic empowerment motivates faculty and staff to strive for optimal performance in their individual endeavors to enhance the academic enterprise for all, especially in learning and accomplishment. Despite the centrality of ideas such as faculty governance and recognition of the faculty's essential role in the academic enterprise, empowerment in academe is defined as the process whereby stakeholders are encouraged and supported in utilizing their knowledge, skills, and creativity to embrace ownership and accountability for the wellbeing of their department and institution. The process requires stakeholders to collaborate in order to establish clear goals and expectations focused on the institution's vision and mission but within agreed-upon boundaries. This alignment of departmental and institutional goals is a key ingredient of empowerment.


Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating loss of function and neuronal death without effective treatment. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant properties and plays an essential role in the nervous system. However, the underlying mechanism by which EGCG promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery in complete spinal cord transection (ST) remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we established primary cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and a T10 ST rat model to investigate the antioxidant effects of EGCG via its modulation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) phosphorylation and inhibition of ferroptosis. Results We revealed that EGCG significantly increased the cell survival rate of CGNs and PKD1 phosphorylation levels in comparison to the vehicle control, with a maximal effect observed at 50 µM. EGCG upregulated PKD1 phosphorylation levels and inhibited ferroptosis to reduce the cell death of CGNs under oxidative stress and to promote functional recovery and ERK phosphorylation in rats following complete ST. Conclusion Together, these results lay the foundation for EGCG as a novel strategy for the treatment of SCI related to PKD1 phosphorylation and ferroptosis.


The expectations for knowing the outdoor position is increasing along with the demand for location based service(LBS). This paper considers the problems of fingerprinting localization in cellular mobile network base on RSS observations. First, we create a mobile location signal space database as radio map. And then we introduce a new localization method called spatial-temporal localization method to improve the localization accuracy. This method combines the advantage of both the spatial localization method and the temporal localization method.


The behavior of the shallow portion of the subduction zone, which generates the largest earthquakes and devastating tsunamis, is still insufficiently constrained. Monitoring only a fraction of a single megathrust earthquake cycle and the offshore location of the source of these earthquakes are the foremost reasons for the insufficient understanding. The frictional‐elastoplastic interaction between the megathrust interface and its overlying wedge causes variable surface strain signals such that the wedge strain patterns may reveal the mechanical state of the interface. To contribute to this understanding, we employ Seismotectonic Scale Modeling and simplify elastoplastic megathrust subduction to generate hundreds of analog seismic cycles at a laboratory scale and monitor the surface strain signals over the model's forearc across high to low temporal resolutions. We establish two compressional and critical wedge configurations to explore the mechanical and kinematic interaction between the shallow wedge and the interface. Our results demonstrate that this interaction can partition the wedge into different segments such that the anelastic extensional segment overlays the seismogenic zone at depth. Moreover, the different segments of the wedge may switch their state from compression/extension to extension/compression domains. We highlight that a more segmented upper plate represents megathrust subduction that generates more characteristic and periodic events. Additionally, the strain time series reveals that the strain state may remain quasi‐stable over a few seismic cycles in the coastal zone and then switch to the opposite mode. These observations are crucial for evaluating earthquake‐related morphotectonic markers and short‐term interseismic time series of the coastal regions.


This article presents a mathematical model non linear that represents the growth of a breast cancer. In the linearized model applied two different approaches to simulate the treatment for radiotherapy: Quadratic Linear Model (LQ) and an feedback control state in the form on-off. Analyses of results show the use of the used methods.


The oxidative burst of human blood cells in the presence of different metal materials was investigated using chemiluminescence assay. Commercial pure titanium (Ti), titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), and stainless steel 316L (SS) in particulate form with <20 μm in size were used. The effect of particulate materials opsonisation on the upregulation of the respiratory burst production by blood cells was also assessed. The largest chemiluminescence response was achieved after simultaneous injection of the stimulants fMLP+PMA. Moreover, Ti and SS induced a greater inflammatory reaction compared to Ti6Al4V, since the respiratory burst mounted was higher for both materials after opsonisation treatment. These results suggest that in vitro chemiluminescence response and respiratory burst measurements proved to be composition and treatment dependent.


The paper discusses hypothesis that successful integration of a region into globalization is not only the result of political will. In the case of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region (in the north of Morocco), it shows that the mode of region integration into globalization depends as much on the triggering factors (internal or external), as on the history of the region and the systems in place (socio- economic and political). In each context, factors are different but the interactions always show real transformations of the territory, the population and the economic activities which invite to appreciate the degree of success of this internalisation or integration into globalization.


In 2008 Mateu, Orobitg and Verdera proved that the smooth convolution homogeneous truncated Calder\'on-Zygmund operator $T_D$ with an even kernel sends $Lip_\alpha(D)$ to $Lip_\alpha(D),$ provided $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a $C^{1,\alpha}$-smooth bounded domain, $0<\alpha<1.$
We extend this result on the Calder\'on-Zygmund operators having an arbitrary smooth kernel, and acting on the Campanato spaces $\mathcal{C}_\omega(D).$ It is proved that the truncated Calder\'on-Zygmund operator $T_D$ is bounded on $\mathcal{C}_\omega(D),$ provided $D$ is a $C^{1,\widetilde{\omega}}$-smooth domain with $\widetilde{\omega}(x)= \omega(x)(\int_x^1 \omega(t)dt/t)^{-1}.$


The NMR transverse and longitudinal relaxation times of 31P in a liquid mixture of PCl3 and PBr3, and in a liquid mixture of PBr3, PBr2Cl, PBrCl2, and PCl3 were measured at 40.5 MHz as a function of temperature from 80 to −100°C. Transverse relaxation times of 35Cl in a liquid mixture of PCl3 and PBr3 and in neat liquid PCl3 were measured over the temperature region 70–29°C. The 35Cl relaxation time in PCl3 is entirely due to a quadrupolar interaction mechanism, thus the reorientational correlation time of the PCl3 molecule is determined from the 1/T2 values and the known quadrupole coupling constant. The 31P transverse relaxation time is controlled by a scalar coupling interaction mechanism while the longitudinal relaxation time is controlled by a spin—rotation interaction mechanism at high temperatures and a combination of dipolar, scalar coupling, and anisotropic chemical shift interaction mechanisms at lower temperatures. The scalar coupling constants calculated for P–35Cl in PCl3 and P–79Br in PBr3 a...


We study the semiclassical fluctuation problem around bounce solutions for a self-interacting scalar field in curved space. As in flat space, the fluctuation problem separates into partial waves labeled by an integer l, and we determine the large l behavior of the fluctuation determinants, a quantity needed to define a finite fluctuation prefactor. We also show that while the Coleman-De Luccia bounce solution has a single negative mode in the l=0 sector, the oscillating bounce solutions also have negative modes in partial waves higher than the s-wave, further evidence that they are not directly related to quantum tunneling.


The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for controlling the display of images. The method acquires the image captured by the smart camera device, when the image is displayed on the screen of the terminal, obtains the direction change data of the terminal, the screen according to the direction change data of the terminal and controlling a display image of the image so as to slide on. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal, the can obtain an orientation changing data of the terminal in real time in the process of displaying the image captured by the smart camera device, wherein in response to the direction change data it is possible to control the displayed image of the video to slide across the screen. The user, since it is possible to view the entire image without contact operation, it becomes convenient to manipulate the image to the user, the better the viewing experience.


G.K. Chesterton's 1936 Autobiography affectionately re-creates his first meetings with W.B. Yeats, whose critical thought Chesterton parsed in his 1905 book Heretics. Chesterton was dubious about Yeats's occultism, but attracted by the Irish Revival's linking of cultural reawakening with small-scale economic independence. His criticism of Yeats's linking of nationalism and mysticism anticipates Benedict Anderson's seminal theorising of nationalism. P.J. Mathews's Revival locates texts in the context of separatist agitation against Joseph Chamberlain's Boer War. Chesterton's 1904 novel The Napoleon of Notting Hill can be read as a parallel text, explicitly rebutting Chamberlain's imperialist philosophy, but also repurposing elements of Yeats's critique of Matthew Arnold's Celt/Teuton cultural binaries for application to English classes. Declan Kiberd's idea that Wilde exposed England as deeply colonised by the British Empire usefully situates Notting Hill's anti-imperialism. Chesterton grants the English populace the Hellenistic spontaneity of consciousness Arnold denied them, and sets forth a vision of English nationalism that even contains a critique of Anderson's "official nationalism". Notting Hill's politico-cultural revolution, led by Wayne, a poet-warrior, and Turnbull, a visionary shop-keeper, defeats the forces of imperialist politics, plutocratic economics, and empiricist philistinism, and acts as an English parallel in its concerns to Yeats's decolonising process.


The sizing and capability definitions of reusable launchers during high-speed recovery are very challenging problems. In this paper, a convex optimization guidance algorithm for this type of system...


Like many other antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently used for extended periods of time. One issue with long-term medications is compliance during treatment regimens. An important clinical consequence of cessation or interruption of an antidepressant treatment regimen is the potential emergence of a "discontinuation syndrome." The signs and symptoms of the SSRI discontinuation syndrome are becoming better recognized and include both somatic and psychological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, flu-like symptoms, sensory and sleep disturbances, anxiety, and irritability. Most of these effects, as described in the published literature, are transient and disappear within 2 weeks. We report a case of SSRI discontinuation syndrome in a pediatric patient who was erroneously dispensed fluoxetine (Prozac). This case report highlights the manifestations and management of the SSRI discontinuation syndrome. It also demonstrates the clinical problems often associated with dispensing errors, especially as it relates to the pediatric population.


During a three-day period in June 2004, 3 individuals died after being restrained by police in Florida, Minnesota, and California. All had exhibited bizarre behavior necessitating police intervention. All arrests involved struggle and subsequent restraint, including one situation where the individual was struggling with neighbors prior to police and EMS arrival. All arrests eventually required the deployment of OC spray, a TASER device, or both. In the California case, the suspect was evaluated and cleared by EMS prior to being transported to jail. Within two miles from the scene, the patient began to complain of difficulty breathing and subsequently died. In the Minnesota case, the suspect became unresponsive shortly after being cuffed, and was pronounced dead at a local emergency department. In the Florida case, the patient was taken to an emergency department where he died. All final autopsy reports are pending at this time.


Personalized educational system provides an open learning environment which enriches the advanced technologies to establish a paradigm shift, active and dynamic teaching and learning patterns. With different approaches, researchers tried to design a more developed personalized educational system. Some of their designs are instructive. The others are problematic. The interaction with students are neglected in the process of education. A Fabric of Knowledge (FoK) is an original module, which can be used as an excellent interactive media between students and teachers. Our project is to design and develop a FoK-based Personalized Educational System (FoK-PES). This system has been proven to have made personalized learning more effective and efficient. Teaching practice also shows that some aspects of this FoK-PES need to be improved such as the classification method of cognitive style and the evaluation method of cognitive level.


D ETERMINATION of the aeroelastic behavior of subsonic flying vehicles is of great importance. This is partly due to lighter airframe requirements for most applications. Consequently, aeroelastic analyses are becoming regular routines in airframe design processes. Aeroelastic responses can be predicted using aeroelastic codes based on Euler or Navier–Stokes solvers coupled with structural dynamics solvers. However, the major drawback of the aforementioned technique, even for simple three-dimensional geometries, is the required computational time and memory to run the full aeroelastic simulation. In practice, however, simple and accurate methods are needed to predict aeroelastic responses accurately. The modal analysis technique for structural dynamics analysis is quite routine and widely used for constructing reduced-order models (ROMs). It should be mentioned that this technique was recently applied for unsteady flow analysis, as well. The reduced-order structure andfluidmodels were employed to construct reduced-order aeroelastic models [1–5] that are mostly applicable to simple geometries such as 2-D airfoils and flat wings in the discrete-time domain. The objective of this work is to develop a general reduced-order aeroelastic model for 3-D complex geometries in subsonic incompressible flow regimes in the continuous-time domain. In this regard, a boundary element method (BEM) based fluid eigenanalysis solver [6] is integrated with a finite element method (FEM) based modal technique of structural modeling. II. Structural Modeling


The soil physical condition is complex and must be analyzed in terms of a set of specific indicators and their inter-relations. This work aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of bulk density and related effects from other physical attributes in an experimental area of Oxisol in order to detect and estimate sites with critical values for root development. Linear models were fitted to the spatial bulk density in layers 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, considering the Gaussian process. Models were adjusted with and without a principal component, and models containing the covariate density in the previous layer to depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Performed kriging, probability maps to obtain bulk density above 1.4 kg dm-3 were constructed based on 1000 simulations from predictive distribution. There were sites with critical values of soil density. There were no related effects of moisture, sand, silt and clay in the bulk density levels, however, it was no influence from upper layer in the layer density levels on 0.2-0.4 m. There was evidence of sites over 80% probability of occurrence of critical levels of bulk density, in the two layers.


In argon at n = (2–6) × 1024 molecules/m3, the density-normalized mobility nμ of argon cations at low electric field strengths E/n is constant from 150 to 300 K; at > 300 K nμ increases. The increase was smaller when the "effective" temperature Teff of the ions was increased by applying higher E/n at 300 K. At 630 K, whereas in xenon it was 2.7, and in helium 1.0. The difference in behavior is attributed to the main ions being dimers in argon and xenon collision-induced dissociation can occur:where * indicates excess kinetic energy acquired by acceleration in the electric field. The dissociation energies of and are 2.3, 1.3, and 0.7 eV, respectively. Dissociation of is negligible because of its large dissociation energy. Dissociation of and reformation of is equivalent to the inelastic de-excitation of


on a narrow gauge. I think that argument cannot be accepted. In the case of the railway, the object to be moved is supported on wheels, and is consequently subject to oscillation, and might be upset; whilst, with the leg-suspender, the object to be moved is suspended from the wheels, and is therefore at its lowest point of gravitation, and is always tending to keep the wheels upright. An example of the steadiness of a body supported on two wheels, side by side, compared with that on one wheel only, may be seen in the case of a two-wheel handcart and a wheelbarrow. With the former, comparative steadiness is observed during motion ; whilst, with the latter, a lurch takes place, answering -to the movements of the wheeler'sbody. If, however, there be any -service in haveingmore than one rail, my suspender is amply furnished, although not forthe object just mentioned, for it has three rails-a central one, on which run trucks, as guides, and two side rails (the bearing-bars) on which slides the arm connected with the longitudinal truck-holder. It will be thus seen the longitudinal motion in my instrument is gained by means of sleighs and wheels. The transverse trucks and 'swivel-bar, combined, answer like a '"tell-tale" or a safety-valve to -every side movement of the limb, whether voluntary or otherwise, thus obviating all strain or shock which occurs to an object suddenly brought to. Concussion ofopposed surfaces is also reduced to a minimum. This -action is not only a comfort to the patient, but it plays an important part in the actual treatment of a diseased joint or a fracture.To prevent motion in a limb, or strain on a limb, there must be no obstacle to the voluntary or involuntary movement of a limb, horizontally, in -any direction. So perfect is the rest thus obtained, that splints might almost be dispensed with; and fractures, hitherto considered beyond the pale of treatment, have by this appliance been treated successfully. In many cases of severe fracture of the leg, treated in the ordinary way, ,the surgeon knows he has to a great extent to thank the patient for the -successful issue; by the penance he has endured in the shape of watchfulness and caution. The swinging motion is very slight, owing to the straps being mediately connected with lateral and longitudinal trucks, and not haDging from a fixed point. If necessary, even this sligbt undulatory motion might be obviated by having a rigid connection ,between the splint and the suspender instead of the yieiding straps ; but I do not think the substitution will ever be required, as the sensation is rather pleasant than otherwise.The moment there is any tendency to a swinging movement, the trucks begin to act. To gain a thorough lateral swinging motion, a swing must be suspended -from a point which -cannot be moved laterally. The patient should be instructed not to abuse the freedom thus given. Care should also be taken in seeing -that the upper bedclothes do not touch the toes in any sweep the limb may make. WThat is the result then, when a limb, fractured or diseased in its joints, is slung in an ordinary two-sided apparatus having only longitudinal action, and not embodying the advantages just set forth ? Quite the converse. In the first place, if the apparatus be placed on a soft bed it sinks into the bedclothes, and causes the mattress to bulge up against the back of the leg, and thus to interfere with the free move.ment of the limb. This obstacle, when the limb swings against it, causes a jolt which is immediately felt in the part affected. Another -objection to the narrow two-sided framework is, that one of the sides interferes with the comfort of the sound limb. In the next place, there being no transverse trucks, any voluntary or involuntary movement of the limb, sideways, is checked, tbus causing a strong swinging motion and a lateral strain on the limb, which is sure to have an evil effect at the seat of injury or disease. Anything which hinders or impedes movement in a given direction is, for the moment, an opposing force. Although my apparatus was designed for suspending fractured legs, it is evident it would be equally useful in any case requiring the re-moval of the " dead weight " of a limb from the bed, as in all fractures and diseased joints of the extremities, cases of resection, important wounds, gout, etc. When both legs are broken, I use my broad twosided suspender, which covers both limbs, and has two sets of trucks on the transverse rail. In certain severe injuries of the upper extremity, 'where the patient is confined to his bed, suspension plays an useful part -in the treatment. I have not had occasion to use my apparatus for such purpose in my own practice, but I was informed by Mr. Berkeley Hill, that it was used successfully in University College Hospital in a case of resection for ununited fracture below the elbow, when another mode of slinging had failed. The remarks I have made respecting the value of suspension in the treatment of fractures, are ofstill greater force when applied to the treatment of inflamed joints, where the slightest movement produces intense suffering. We all know there are many cases of simple fracture which do well without any special care, but even in such instances the suspension of the limb adds greatly to the patient's comfort. A HOSPITAL AND ACCIDENT AMBULANCE SERVICE FOR LONDON.4


It is well known that the discovery of Mikhail Prishvin as an original writer belongs to Ivanov-Razumnik with whom they were friends during a long period of time. However, the critic's interpretation or Mikhail Prishvin's artistic outlook is not covered well enough and objectively in the literary criticism due to serious ideological reasons. Ivanov-Razumnik who was in the most conspicuous place in sociaist-revolutionary party was struck out from the Soviet literary process in spite of his undoubted merits in the Russian culture. The politicisation of the Soviet literary criticism did not promote to adequate research of Mikhail Prishvin's creative heritage too. It was no accident that the investigators of Mikhail Prishvin's heritage passed over very significant page in writer's life and heritage, which is his collaboration in the socialist-revolutionary direction journal «The Covenants» in 1912–1914 where Ivanov-Razumnik was literary editor and leading critic. The world-view positions difference did not promote for the critic to mark essential features of Mikhail Prishvin's artistic outlook, which is confirmed by researching the materials of Ivanov-Razumnik's articles and Mikhail Prishvin's creative heritage and diaries.


Background and objective: Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) of banana is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), whose proliferation is favored under acidic soil conditions. This study investigated whether soil microbial functional diversity is associated with interactions between fertilizer pH and FOC spore inoculate. Method: Pseudostems (n = 180) were grown in pots in mixed soil (pH 6. 09). In a 3×5 design, each pot was inoculated with 0, 103, or 106 cfu FOC/g of soil, and irrigated each week with pH 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 fertilizer; N, P2O5, and K2O were identical. At 65 days, spore suspensions were prepared from soil samples. Community level physiological profiling (CLPP) was conducted, using the Biolog EcoPlate method, through indices of carbon source utilization that reflect the metabolic functional diversity of soil microbes: average well color development (AWCD), richness (R), Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H'), and the Simpson dominance index (D). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the functional diversity of microbes was applied. Results: AWCD was significantly higher in treatments consisting of no FOC inoculate and alkaline fertilizer compared with other treatments, and R, H', and D were also notably higher (72 h). Results of PCA revealed that the diversity of soil microbes was higher under alkaline fertilizer treatment, but lower under conditions of FOC inoculation. Conclusions: The application of alkaline fertilizer increases the functional diversity of soil microbial populations.


In this paper, we propose a new way to solve the dynamic control under unknown perturbations which takes into account the postural movement notion. For that, a multi-chain mechanical model of a human body and a general control architecture are proposed. The main originality lies in the use of ankle and hip strategies postural movement notion (physiological notion) to ensure the biped dynamic equilibrium. The principle is based on behavioral rules using limiting conditions and "equilibrium classes". This notion is introduced at the "coordinator level" of our architecture and called the AHS (Ankle and Hip Strategy). It contributes to maintain the equilibrium even in the presence of a rough perturbation acting on the minimization of the roll and pitch angles in function of the task constraints and choosing in real time the strategy to adopt. Finally, we illustrate the whole strategy through an hip strategy example related to the standing posture under perturbations.


We show that the presence of a quality bias in measured inflation does not justify raising the central bank's inflation target even if prices in sectors that experience quality improvements are fully flexible. To this end, we modify the economy studied in Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2011) to allow for two sectors, a and b. In sector a prices are sticky and there is no quality improvement. In sector b, prices are fully flexible, and product quality improves over time.


The tumor suppressor gene, SMARCA4 (or BRG1), which encodes the ATPase component of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, is commonly inactivated by mutations and deletions in lung cancer cell lines. However, SMARCA4 alterations appear to be rare in lung primary tumors. Ultra‐deep sequencing technologies provide a promising alternative to achieve a sensitivity superior to that of current sequencing strategies. Here we used ultra‐deep pyrosequencing to screen for mutations over the entire SMARCA4 coding region in 12 lung tumors without detectable BRG1 protein. While automatic‐fluorescence‐based sequencing detected one somatic mutation (p.K586X), the pyrosequencing revealed additional variants, thus increasing the sensitivity. One of the variants, which affected a consensus splice site, was confirmed by individual cloning of PCR products, ruling out the possibility of PCR or pyrosequencing artifacts. This mutation, confirmed to be somatic, was present at a frequency of ten percent, suggesting normal cell contamination in the tumor. Our analysis also allowed us to determine the sensitivity and to identify some limitations of the technology. In conclusion, in addition to cell lines, SMARCA4 is biallelically inactivated in a significant proportion of lung primary tumors, thereby constituting one of the most important genes contributing to the development of this type of cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


To hide information or embed secret message in a multimedia, steganography or cryptography gives best solutions. Cryptography refers to change information into unreadable format by unauthorized persons. Steganography is the science of embedding and extracting information in/from the media. The steganography method was developed for image media. But in recent years, the researchers develop steganography methods for audio and video media. All steganography types through embedding algorithm use real information of the secret message, thus the probability of disclosure of information after detecting a secret message will be increased. In this paper, a new scheme for audio steganography is proposed to increase the security by addressing secret message before embedding, and using a mathematical model for embedding, and also using map for extracting secret message. All these techniques increase the security of Stego object, and also reduce the probability to attack the secret message or exchange it. In addition, information security results with experimental examples are discussed and finally conclusion and remarks are presented.


British local authorities that undertake their own enforcement of parking regulations need to be firm but fair; they also need to be seen to be fair. This article considers whether some authorities are losing sight of what these regulations are intended to achieve. Councils collect the money obtained from the penalties that they apply under decriminalised enforcement. As a result, some road users accuse them of enforcing only to obtain money or enforcing a 'local tax on motorists'. Caroline Sheppard, the Chief Adjudicator for the National Parking Appeals Service, warns that short cuts taken by councils in the early stages of decriminalisation can lead to more appeals. As soon as motorists start to become dissatisfied, they 'fight' as a matter of principle, and, by the appeal stage, feel persecuted by petty bureaucrats. Due to the volume of correspondence that councils receive, they often reply to motorists complaints casually and mechanically, believing that this approach is the quickest. In contrast, progressive councils, such as that in the London Borough of Wandsworth, have found that a prompt and full reply to correspondence cleared up over 90% of parking ticket complaints at the initial stage, and resulted in lower rates of representations and appeals.


Firstly, this paper put forward the definition of cold chain, analyzed the condition of cold chain logistics, and studied the characteristic of Olympic food cold chain logistics. On this basis, the demand for cold-chain logistics of Olympic Games was forcasted, and the Olympic food cold chain logistics subsystem content was expounded. Finally two important parts of the system were studied deeply: the cold chain distribution and logistics information platform construction.


Concave and convex roll defects on thin steel shee t cause problems as they can be seen clearly after the sheets are painted in the customer's manufacturing process. In the steel production line, these defect s are usually invisible since their height or depth is as small as the normal surface r oughness of steel sheets. Therefore, they can only be detected by human inspection after grinding the steel surface with a grindstone. However, since it is necessary to stop the traveling steel sheet for this type of human inspection, and this reduces the productiv ity of the line, realization of automatic inspection equipment had been desired. Against this background, we found that Magnetic Fl ux Leakage Testing (MFLT) is effective for detecting these kinds of roll defe cts. The MFLT method can detect not only magnetic flux caused by the shape of the defec ts, but also magnetic flux caused by defect strain. As a result of an examination of the application of this MFLT method to an on-line detector for roll defects, we complet ed he installation of automatic inspection equipment at the continuous annealing li e at West Japan Works (Fukuyama District) of JFE Steel Corp. The sensor head of this equipment consists of 100c h Hall elements arranged at a 1mm pitch in the width direction and an electroma gnet which magnetizes the steel sheet in the width direction. This device inspects an area of 100mm in the width direction and 24m in the length direction of the st el sheet in one inspection. Because roll defects occur at the same position in the widt h irection and at the roll periodic pitch over the full length of the steel sheet, the sensor head inspects the sheet from one sheet edge toward the other edge, repeating the proc ss of inspection, movement, and inspection. Moreover, because the magnetic leak age signal from the roll defect is very weak, we applied synchronous addition processi ng corresponding to the length of the roll defect periodical pitch to the MFLT met hod and found that the signal-tonoise ratio can be improved about 3 times by this t echnique. This equipment has been operating smoothly since i ts installation in 2010, and has contributed to improved productivity by reducin g the frequency of human surface inspections, which are accompanied by line stops.


This work discusses the finite-time asynchronous H∞ control problem for Markov jump systems in the presence of phenomena that the mode information is hidden and there may exist inaccuracies in controller gains. The hidden mode information is estimated by an hidden Markov model with time-varying mode detection probabilities. Based on the finite-time stability theory and the hidden Markov model based approach, two criteria are provided for analyzing the finite-time H∞ performance of the considered system and the corresponding finite-time asynchronous H∞ controller design method is developed. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by a numerical example.


When analyzing irregularly sampled data to obtain climate signals, a typical starting point is to use spatial analysis methods to map observations onto a regular grid. Clear benefits are possible, however, from an alternative approach in which the desired signals are first estimated directly at the observing locations. The most important benefits relate to accuracy and error analysis. These principles are illustrated using the example of atmospheric tides. When properly estimated, the tides agree remarkably well with those simulated by the Goddard Earth Observing System general circulation model and, above the tropopause, are comparable to the mean meridional flow.


ON CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FORMATION OF BROWN COAL DEPOSITS AND THE TECTONICS OF SUBSTRATUM

Summary
In the article the author discusses connexion between the brown coal deposit formation and the vertical, lowering movements of substratum. Results of the analysis of this connexion are that occurrence of brown coal deposits being of industrial importance should be expected within areas tectonically strongly disturbed, since, for a long period of time, there was in such areas a greater probability of synchronizing the velocity of lowering processes of substratum with the velocity of plant substance accumulation.
Connexions between the main tectonic elements and the distribution of brown coal deposits in Poland is shown on the map attached to the paper.


Report presenting an investigation at low speed and high Reynolds number to determine the air loads over a double slotted flap on the NACA 65(216)-215, a = 0.8 airfoil section. Results indicated that the loads on the flap change slowly with variation of angle of attack but quickly with the flap deflected. The main effect of the double-slotted flap is that it causes the airfoil to carry a greater load without stalling.


This paper presents a 3D reconstruction algorithm based on uncalibrated images.The projective reconstruction is performed based on the reference points matching between the different uncalibrated images.The projective reconstruction is updated as the Euclidean reconstruction by using metric restriction.The camera intrinsic parameters,Euclidean motion and shape are recovered by uncalibrated images.Compared with previous methods,the operation efficiency is improved since the manual matching between different uncalibrated images is not involved by automatic reference point matching.Experimental results show that the reprojection error is remarkably reduced by the presented algorithm.


Abstract The mechanical behaviour of directionally solidified NiAl-Mo and NiAl- Mo(Re) eutectic alloys has been examined. The fracture toughness of a NiAl- 9 at.% Mo eutectic alloy is a factor of at least two higher than that of monolithic NiAl. No single dominant toughening mechanism was identified. The toughness enhancement was attributed to a combination of intrinsic toughening of NiAl due to dislocations generated from the interfaces, crack trapping, crack deflection along interfaces and crack bridging. The Mo fibres were solid solution strengthened by Al and Ni partitioned from the NiAl matrix and had low ductility. Extensive interface debonding was noted, particularly when the fibres were either inclined or parallel to the crack plane. The deflection of the crack along the interfaces was analysed in terms of the elastic and plastic properties of the two phases. Alloying with Re was effective in reducing the hardness of Mo fibres in the composite, but also reduced the fibre alignment relative to that...


Fundamental quantum gates can be implemented effectively using adiabatic quantum computation or circuit model. Recently, Hen combined the two approaches to introduce a new model called controlled adiabatic evolutions [I. Hen, Phys. Rev. A, 91(2) (2015) 022309]. This model was specifically designed to implement one and two-qubit controlled gates. Later, Santos extended Hen's work to implement [Formula: see text]-qubit controlled gates [A. C. Santos and M. S. Sarandy, Sci. Rep., 5 (2015) 15775]. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of each of the usual quantum gates, as well as demonstrate the possibility of preparing Bell's states using the controlled adiabatic evolutions approach. We conclude by presenting the fidelity results of implementing single quantum gates and Bell's states in open systems.


The invention relates to a method for determining the position of a flying object (1), in particular of a manned aircraft, wherein a plurality of stations (201, 202, 203, 301, 302) having one or more ground stations (201, 202, 203) on the earth's surface and one or more platforms (301, 302) in the stratosphere (SP) comprise first and second signals (SI1, SI2) emit, are received by the flying object (1), wherein the first signals (SI1) of the or the ground stations (201, 202, 203) originate and the second signals (SI2) of the one or more platforms (301, 302) originate. A processing device in the flying object (1) thereby determined from the received first and second signals (SI1, SI2) the position of the flying object (1).


Based on the MM theorem,this paper takes the tax effect of capital structure decision as the master clew and extends the hypothesis that there is not tax at all step by step.The paper integrate the tax system in China with the financial data in the annals of listed corporations to investigate the tax effect of capital structure decision of public listed corporations in China from theory and empirical aspect respectively.According to the above analyses,the paper gives some corresponding suggestions about how to benefit from the tax effect of capital structure more sufficiently to certain concrete Industries.


Understanding how users interact with a company's service is essential for data-driven businesses that want to better cater to their users and improve their offering. By using a generative machine ...


Abstract Media convergence requires a shared methodology for studying film, television and the internet. Referring to audience reception research undertaken in Malaysia, the article argues that television's talk shows are the fulcrum of convergence between traditional and new media, offering images of interaction appropriate to understanding both past and future responses to content. Viewer reactions to Malaysia's media landscape indicate that talk shows are seen as a gendered genre. Feminine and masculine variants emphasize, respectively, egalitarian and hierarchical interaction. Both clearly have a place in development communication: individual men and women enjoy either. Further, these feminine and masculine inflections of the talk show anticipate a central distinction to be made in modes of interacting with the Internet. Audience reponses to the genre prefigure Internet users on-line enthusiasm or distaste for (more or less formal) discussion and the (largely unilinear) diffusion of knowledge.


The life of bearings is mainly affected by the efficiency of its lubrioation,for bearings operating under severe conditions such as high vacuum and temperature,conventional lubrication presents many problems. Perwenent thin soft metal-films give a solution to this problem. A rig was built to measure the friction torque for ball thrust bearings operating in vacuum. This paper describes an investigation of the friction toraue of thrust bearings covered by thin lead and silver films operating in vacuum. The effeat of normal load and ball-track conformity . have been studied,It is shown that the friction torque for the uncoated bearings increases when operating in vacuum especially for high values of ball-track conformity,lt is also shown that the coating decreaaes the friction torque for all values of ball-track conformity and the value of the friction toroue for these bearings does not increase when operating in vaouum.


Based on class‐I studies, sodium oxybate is regarded as a first‐line treatment for both EDS and cataplexy. The cost‐effectiveness of sodium oxybate is largely unknown, though. In this study, we estimate the cost‐effectiveness of sodium oxybate as treatment for patients with narcolepsy as compared to standard treatment, by calculating incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (cost per quality‐adjusted life year, QALY) for patients in a Swedish setting.


Background—Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has been associated with mortality, although it has been suggested this association may be attributable to confounding. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the associations between CI-AKI and subsequent clinical outcomes. Methods and Results—We identified studies using MEDLINE (1950 to June 2011) and Embase (1980 to June 2011), manual bibliographic searches, and contact with experts. We included observational studies that characterized outcomes among patients with and without AKI (based on changes in serum creatinine) after coronary angiography. Eligible studies reported at least 1 of mortality, cardiovascular events, end-stage renal disease, or length of hospital stay. Thirty-nine observational studies met inclusion criteria. Of 34 studies reporting mortality (including 139 603 participants), 33 reported an increased risk of death in those with CI-AKI, although the effect size varied between studies (I2=93.5%). Between-study heterogeneity was partially explained by whether adjustment for confounding features was performed (11 studies without adjustment; pooled crude risk ratio, 8.19; 95% confidence interval, 4.30–15.60; I2=77.3% versus 23 studies with adjustment; pooled adjusted risk ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.98–2.90; I2=88.3%). CI-AKI was consistently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in 14 studies, end-stage renal disease in 3 studies, and prolonged hospitalization in 11 studies. Conclusions—CI-AKI is associated with an increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, renal failure, and prolonged hospitalization. However, the association between CI-AKI and mortality is strongly confounded by baseline clinical characteristics that simultaneously predispose to both kidney injury and mortality, and the risk attributable to CI-AKI is much lower than that reported from unadjusted studies.


A second-order nonlinear filtering algorithm with good real-time performance is given based on the polynomial interpolation approximation.Using the algorithm the second-order nonlinear interpolation attitude estimator is developed for the typical stellar-inertial attitude determination system.The implementation of the new attitude estimation algorithm is significantly simpler.The computational burden of the new algorithm is comparable to that of the conventional extended Kalman attitude estimation algorithm.But the performance of the new algorithm is the same as that of the nonlinear attitude estimation algorithm based on second-order Taylor approximation.In addition,the singularity of the covariance matrix caused by the constraint on the attitude quaternion normalization is avoided in the second-order nonlinear interpolation attitude estimation algorithm.


The navigation of humanoid robots is a non-trivial task with widespread applications ranging from assisting humans in their daily chores to manning space missions to disaster recovery operations. We present a depth based sensing approach for autonomous navigation of humanoid Nao. The objective is to reach a user desired goal position from a source position using the data of depth based sensor for visual servoing. The localization of the robot is done via Monte Carlo techniques which uses the RGBD data of Kinect sensor. The cluster of robot is extracted from the environment followed by KLD (Kullback-Leibler distance) sampling to accurately track the robot in real time. The motion control of Nao relies on the feedback data obtained from the depth sensor to correct its path which could possibly deviate due to noises in odometry and sensing information.


An automated computer controlled meteorological monitoring station has been designed for use in nuclear power plant facilities. Design criteria were established in accordance with Regulatory Guides pertaining to the acquisition, reduction and compilation, archiving, and communication of on-site meteorological data. Redundant sensors, processing instrumentation, and power sources contribute significantly to the overall system reliability.


Biomimetics as well as additive manufacturing have prominently produced novel design approaches for parts and products independently from each other. The combination of both has resulted in numerous innovative part designs that were unseen before. However remarkable the marketing impact of individual 3D printed biomimetic parts has been, a widespread industrial application is missing to date. This publication, therefore, takes a closer look at how biomimetic design in additive manufacturing is currently pursued and evaluates the different design approaches based on their suitability for industrial application. The assessment reveals that algorithms and thesaurus tools should be preferred in an industrial biomimetic design process. From the various additive manufacturing methods, laser additive manufacturing today is a dominating industrial application when it comes to metal parts. Thus, several case studies of biomimetic designs produced with laser additive manufacturing are presented. On the basis of the selected examples, the added value through biomimetic design is discussed and reviewed critically, raising the question of when a biomimetic design approach is promising compared to conventional design approaches. Based on the review of current use cases and the potentials that the combination of biomimetics and additive manufacturing offer, recommended fields of research are concluded. Finally, the road to industry for biomimetic additive manufacturing design is outlined, taking into account the findings on existing biomimetic design methodologies and tools.Biomimetics as well as additive manufacturing have prominently produced novel design approaches for parts and products independently from each other. The combination of both has resulted in numerous innovative part designs that were unseen before. However remarkable the marketing impact of individual 3D printed biomimetic parts has been, a widespread industrial application is missing to date. This publication, therefore, takes a closer look at how biomimetic design in additive manufacturing is currently pursued and evaluates the different design approaches based on their suitability for industrial application. The assessment reveals that algorithms and thesaurus tools should be preferred in an industrial biomimetic design process. From the various additive manufacturing methods, laser additive manufacturing today is a dominating industrial application when it comes to metal parts. Thus, several case studies of biomimetic designs produced with laser additive manufacturing are presented. On the basis of the...


Objective:Through managing objectives in our hospital,promote the hospital management.Methods:Use expert advice method to establish the target assessment index system,with the weighted index method to calculate the final score.Results: According to the characteristics of the department,develop differentiated,personalized indicators;objective management system consists of 3 level indicators medical examination standard(680 points),scientific research and teaching standards(220 points),departmental management assessment criteria(100 points),and 45 secondary indicator of internal medicine,surgical 49 second-level indicators.Conclusion: Objective management is the starting point of the hospital and meticulous management,and implementation of objective management enhance the awareness of the collective participation of the medical staffs at all levels,so that the department changes from passive management to active management,and it enhances department execution and promotes the hospital science directly.


Documentation and questionaire and mathmatical statistics are applied to research the professional value of physical education student.The result shows that boy student think higher of development factor and healthy factor than prestige factor.In contrast to girl students,boy students value prestige factor and healthy factor,and in contrast to boy students,girl students value development factor.The only child think higher of prestige factor and healthy factor than non only child,and lower of development factor than non only child.And the students from rural area pay more attention on prestige factor and development factor than the students from urban area,less attention on healthy factor than the students from urban area.


Epitaxial ScGaN films were grown on GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates by NH3‐molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Sc content remained below 2% for all films, as determined by the simulation and fitting of 0002 ω–2θ X‐ray diffractograms, while no deviation from the wurtzite structure was detected using high resolution X‐ray diffraction. ScGaN growth rates decreased significantly as the Sc flux increased and remained low compared to the growth rates of GaN grown under similar conditions, while Sc incorporation rates remained low even at Sc effusion cell temperatures as high as 1400 °C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) height images indicate that higher Sc fluxes are associated with improved film coalescence. These data indicate that a surfactant layer of Sc may be present at the film surface during growth. The dislocation density of the lower Sc content films was similar to that of the underlying GaN, though the bending and introduction of additional dislocations with an a‐component was observed for higher Sc contents. Basal plane stacking faults connected by prismatic stacking faults were also observed, in higher Sc‐content ScGaN films, along with a broad luminescence band near 580 nm.


Let me, please, say a few words before I properly start my response. First, I want to thank the American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division) for this opportunity to discuss here my book Rawls: An Introduction (2010): for a non-American philosopher a special honor and a privilege. The honor and privilege are reinforced by the opportunity to discuss my work with two philosophers of outstanding level, Thomas Scanlon and David Rasmussen. I thank them for both the ingenuity and the patience with which they read my book, and I also thank our chair Jim Boettcher and the president of the APA (Eastern Division) Paul Guyer present in the room with many illustrious colleagues. It is the first time that I participate in an APA meeting, and I am full of admiration for the philosophical and organizational achievements of this conference. The title of my response is 'Rawls: 40 years later'. These '40 years' allude to the years that have passed since the publication of A Theory of Justice (1971), a milestone for political philosophy. Behind this transparent title, there is a twofold intention: (1) to shortly present the main object of my book to which I devote sections 2 and 3; (2) to try to respond to the comments raised by professors Scanlon and Rasmussen to which I devote sections 4, 5 and 6. This second task is of course the main goal of my presentation today, and forgive me please for an excusatio non petita: the high level of the commentators will automatically make it more difficult for me to respond at their same level. In presenting my book, I cannot avoid saying that working through Rawls' intellectual legacy has been a life endeavor for me. I read TJ in the mid-1970s in the UK, during my postgraduate studies, and since then I have never stopped considering Rawls an insuperable source of inspiration. As an Italian, at that time I found Rawls' views particularly helpful to overcome what I considered the main weakness of the cultural Zeitgeist (spirit


Abstract The development and implementation of healthy public policy has been a central concern of health promotion. The following paper details a study examining local opinion concerning the implementation of national guidelines into local policy regarding banning smoking in enclosed public places following the publication of the UK government's Public Health white paper. The aim of the study was to determine public opinion regarding the acceptability of banning smoking in public areas and the views of major stakeholders in the region. A public opinion survey was conducted with 859 people and semi-structured telephone interviews were held with 32 stakeholders. The study found that there was consistent support, amongst both the general public and the stakeholders, for banning smoking in public places. It also determined that stakeholders found the proposals of the Public Health white paper unclear and therefore difficult to implement. The paper concludes that a variety of support is needed for local policy implementation and makes suggestions for doing so, locating ideas within the literature.


The quality of life in elderly age has special features, depending primarily on the state of health, assessment of the spent life, internal standards, support and ability to operate effectively in changing circumstances. In later ages estimation of quality of life affects the mechanisms of pathogenesis of somatic and mental disorders. Up to date there is no agreement among researchers on criteria of identification and assessment of the quality of life in later ages. This article describes the modern understanding of quality of life and its components. It highlights the issues impeding the improvement of quality of life. The article lists the methods for the evaluation of quality of life in later ages. It also presents the analysis of the main factors affecting the quality of life in elderly patients.


The invention provides a strong plaster for improving immunity and a preparation method thereof, and the strong plaster is characterized in that the strong plaster consists of the following components: the main medicines comprise golden thread, baical skullcap root, dried ginger, amur corktree bark, prepared common monkshood daughter root and pepper with 50-75g for each, the excipients comprise three parts, the first part comprises flos caryophyllata and borneol with 30g-50g for each, the second part comprises frankincense, myrrh, flos caryophyllata, prepared Sichuan pepper, villous amomum fruit, immature bitter orange and green tangerine peel with 70-100g for each and the third part comprises sal ammoniac and Chinese asafoetida with 100g-130g for each. The preparation method thereof is as follows: the main medicines are firstly soaked by using boiled oil, fried and then naturally cooled, then the medicine residues are removed by filtration, and the soaking is carried out by pouring into water after the full and uniform compound with litharge; the first part of the excipients is ground into powder for standby; the second part of the excipients is ground into the powder for standby; the third part of the excipients is arranged in the water for decoction by slow fire, the obtained decoction is poured into the ground powder of the second part of the excipients after the concentration for even stirring, and the mixture is dried in the sun and then smashed into the powder for standby; and an ointment is heated and evenly mixed with the ground powder of the first part and the smashed powder after the drying in the sun, thereby obtaining the immune plaster.


ABSTRACT Under federal regulations, natural resource trustees are charged with making the environment whole after injury to or loss of natural resources and services as a result of anthropogenic activities such as waste sites, vessel groundings, or oil spills. Here we provide a case study that uses the Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) model to quantify injury and determine restoration compensation after an oil spill contaminated aquatic resources in the Obed Wild and Scenic River in Morgan County, Tennessee. Our goal is to describe the methodology used for scaling the injury to the restoration activities using the condition of a benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage as the metric. The total injury to stream services was 26.1 discounted service-acre years (DSAYs). The restoration projects chosen to compensate for the injured stream services included streambank restoration (generating 3.68 DSAYs), invasive vegetation removal along 229 meters of stream (generating 0.18 DSAYs), creation of 0.86 ha of bog gar...


Objective: To investigate the variation of event related potentials - P300 and their clinical applications in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Methods: An 'oddball' paradigm was used to elicit the auditory P300 from 25 patients diagnosed as having AD according to NINCDS -ADRDA, 24 patients with VD and 22 normally age - matched subjects, USA Nicolet EP - 4 instrument. Results The variability of P300 waveform increased in AD and VD patients. Results: with that of patient with VD , patient with AD showed a prolonged P2 and N2 latency , decreased P2 amplitudes at P300 (P0.05 or P0.01). The P300 latency was delayed in both dementia (AD and VD) groups as compared to the control (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the MMSE (Mini - Mental State Examination) score (P 0.05 or P 0.01). Conclusion: The auditory P300 is of value in assessing the cognitive dysfunctions of patient with AD and aged VD.


Guangxi flora is influenced by the Tonkin Gulf region under the Paleotropic Kingdom and Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi region under the Holarctic Floristic Kingdom. The province harbors 8 565 species in 1 819 genera and 285 families of vascular plants. This paper floristically focuses on seed plant families and genera in Guangxi. The flora basically consists of tropical to subtropical elements with transitional characteristics between temperate and tropical floras, as indicated by the presence of the endemics.


Scheduling of extensive traffic signal plays an essential role in relieving the traffic pressure. Massive-scale adaptive traffic-signal control involves dealing with combinatorial state and action spaces. Previous work attempts to address this challenge by distributing control to independent agents who only use its local state information. Considering the unstructured nature of transportation network data, we design a graph topography-aware signal control framework base on deep reinforcement learning, which explicitly utilizes the distribution of traffic intersections to extract global information. To further simulate the real-world diversified road network and its vehicle physical properties, we develop a flexible and realistic traffic intersection environment based on Unreal Engine [1]. Our graph adaptive signal controller can significantly improve traffic performance and considerably reduce traffic congestion delay compared to the traditional baseline. Additionally, our environment can lay a foundation for the subsequent optimization of transportation. Code and video are available at https://github.com/emigmo/InterSim.git.


An asymptotic analysis of the Gunn effect (oscillations of the current through a semiconductor under constant voltage bias) is given. The electric field inside the one-dimensional semiconductor is described by a parabolic equation with small diffusivity, plus zero-field boundary conditions and a constant-voltage integral constraint. Nonuniform stationary solutions are constructed and their stability analyzed under both current and voltage bias. The oscillations are known to be produced by repeated generation at one boundary of a solitary wave that moves towards and is annihilated at the other boundary. Far from the boundaries the solitary wave is constructed and its stability analyzed. The effect of the boundaries is qualitatively discussed and several open problems pointed out.


Structurally relationship of variables is important in deeply analysis of path models, but the process of effect distribution must be concerned. In this situation, one or more variable would be a mediator variable which assessing effect of an independent to a dependent variable. We studied the simple mediation model that is one of path analytical models which contain of one independent variable, dependent variable and mediator variable. A necessary component of mediation is effectiveness that is a statistically significant indirect effect, formal significance tests of indirect effects are early conducted by Sobel (1982). According to sequential regression analysis on a simple mediation model, a mediator variable come after an independent variable exist in the model, the contribution of upcoming variable to the model could be obtained. We argue the importance of investigating empirical relationship between the significance of indirect effects and sequential contribution of mediator variable with a normal theory approach using Microsoft Excel simulation tools developed by Myerson (2000). We find that the higher contribution of mediator variable to the model, the more effectiveness is. This result comes up with three level correlation of independent and dependent variable which each 1000 times iteration that gives relatively immediate information about the recent empirical relationship between the significance of indirect effects and sequential contribution of mediator in the simple mediation models.


A two-zone Green's function solution method is proposed to analytically model the potential distribution in the silicon film of fully depleted SOI MESFETs, in which the exact solution of 2-D Poisson's equation is obtained by using the appropriate boundary conditions. From the derived analytic 2-D potential distribution, the bottom potential in the active silicon film is used to analyze the drain-induced barrier lowering effect and the threshold voltage is defined in terms of minimum channel potential barrier. The results of the developed analytic threshold-voltage model are compared with those of 2-D numerical simulation, and good agreements are obtained for the gate length down to 0.1 /spl mu/m with wide ranges of structure parameters and bias conditions.


ABSTRACT In 1997, South Africa became an inaugural party to the United Nations Watercourses Convention. With the convention entering into force in August 2014, South Africa is now bound by all of its provisions, including those relating to 'no significant harm' and liability for transboundary pollution. Article 32, the principle of 'non-discrimination', provides recourse for foreigners experiencing or under imminent threat of transboundary harm to seek compensation in the jurisdiction where the alleged harm originated. This article investigates the possibility under the convention of pursuing liability for transboundary acid mine drainage pollution originating in South Africa harming the Olifants-Limpopo Rivers.


issue, that of the increasing shortage of kidneys available for transplantation worldwide (1). As a solution for India, Kaushik favours the introduction of the "presumed consent" system to allow retrieval of organs from recently deceased persons. In this system, unless an individual has specifically expressed, in writing, during her/his lifetime, that he/she is unwilling to donate an organ following death, his/her organs can be routinely harvested by healthcare professionals for transplantation into others. In our commentary we examine some of the arguments put forward by the author in support of presumed consent, and discuss ethical, professional and social problems connected to the use of this system as a way to address the scarcity of transplantable organs. However, we will begin by first highlighting what we consider to be a critical factual error in the article.


Beam-foil spectroscopy has been conceived by two nuclear physicists, L. Kay at the University of Manchester and Stanley Bashkin at the University of Arizona at Tucson [1], more than a quarter century ago. Kay's colleagues on his faculty made it impossible for him to pursue the new ideas in practice [2], but Bashkin's colleagues were less successful in depriving him of the means of doing what he wanted [3], and that gave many people a chance to learn at his laboratory. The new field seemed exciting and promising in the beginning, but it failed to fulfill all the expectations within the first few years. Some people still drag on with it, although funding and numbers are declining steadily. However, recently even the Chinese seem to have fielded some interest in starting a research group of their own.


Flame characteristics of periodic fuel jets were studied experimentally by supplying the fuel periodically using solenoid valve. Flame was observed using a high speed camera, a 35 mm camera and a cathetometer. Hot-wire ananometer was used to measure the speed of fuel flow at the nozzle exit to analyze the flow characteristics. Various types of flame characteristics such as the flame lift-off and extinction were observed for different ranges of period, duty, and flow rate of the jet. Especially lift-off and extinction were affected by variations in the period and the flow rate, but the flame shape was Lot affected much by the variation in the flow rate. Decreasing duty of the pulses applied to the solenoid valve promotes lift-off and enhances premixed flame characteristics.


Abstract Inspired by the function of the lateral line in aquatic animals, we study the shape identification of a stationary cylinder through pressure measurements made by sensors located on the surface of a steadily moving foil, modelling a fish gliding in close proximity to an object. Comparing experimental results, potential flow predictions and viscous simulations, we first show that the pressure in the boundary layer of the foil is significantly affected by unsteady viscous effects, especially in the posterior half of the foil. Therefore, even after the effects of the boundary layer thickness are accounted for, potential flow predictions are inaccurate. Subsequently, we show that the spatial features of the unsteady patterns developing when the foil is moving near a cylinder can be predicted accurately through linear stability analysis of the average boundary layer velocity profile under open water conditions. Because these unsteady patterns result from amplification of the potential flow-like disturbance caused in the front part of the foil, they are specific to the cylinder that generated them and could be used to identify its shape. We develop and demonstrate a methodology to calculate the unsteady pressure based on combining potential flow predictions with results from linear stability analysis of the boundary layer. The findings can be useful for object identification in underwater vehicles, and support the intriguing possibility that the significant viscous effects caused by nearby bodies on the fish boundary layer, far from preventing detection, could actually be used by animals to identify objects.


Wind energy, like all renewable energy production, is a sustainable resource with a far lower carbon footprint than the burning of fossil fuels and consequently plays a role in mitigating climate change. There has been a rapid rise in its use over the last 15 years. However, there are concerns regarding the potential effects of wind turbines on wildlife, especially birds and bats. Potential effects include disturbance through direct or indirect habitat loss, or fatality through collision with turbine blades. First, I investigated the potential of using existing bird monitoring data collected by Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and post-construction monitoring for developing an evidence base for the impacts of wind turbines on bird populations. As EIAs are required for wind farms to predict and mitigate potential negative effects, vast amounts of data are gathered by wind farm companies but subsequently not used to assess the effects, due to the associated logistical issues of obtaining these data (despite being officially available in the public domain). Using data from seven wind farm sites, I found that lekking black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) that were initially close to the wind turbines (up to 500m) moved locally after wind farm construction but their abundance at the wind farm sites did not change. I conclude that data from EIAs and post-construction monitoring can be used to assess potential effects of wind farms on biodiversity and should be widely available for scientists and policy-makers, ideally via a central data repository. Second, I investigated whether noise from wind farms might affect birds as bird song could be potentially masked. It is widely known that anthropogenic noise such as traffic and urban noise affects communication in birds. To investigate whether birds are affected by wind turbine noise, I modelled how song from


The utility model provides a circuit board cleaning wastewater recycling system, which comprises a wastewater preprocessing device, an ultrafiltration device and a reverse osmosis device. The wastewater preprocessing device, the ultrafiltration device and the reverse osmosis device are sequentially communicated, thus the circuit board cleaning wastewater recycling system is simple in operation, stable in operation, high in wastewater recycling, and low in wastewater treatment cost; and wastewater treated by using the circuit board cleaning wastewater recycling system is reflowed and recycled, thus water sources are saved, and circuit board production cost is reduced.


The service continuity mechanism is to provide multimedia application with seamless multimedia experience over multiple networks (Wifi, 3G, Wimax, LTE) as well as multiple devices (mobile, PCs, PDA, Settop box) in ubiquitous network. However, most of the proposed approaches of service continuity are either not adaptive resources provisioning or based on a specific definition of context in ubiquitous network environment. This paper presents a multi-device service continuity with adaptive resources provisioning mechanism under ubiquitous network relying on IMS which helps perform service continuity according to user's contexts (such as preferences and habits), network context, service context and device context. The contribution of this paper is to propose: 1) service continuity scenario, architecture and requirements; 2) signaling flow of resource switching for the proposed scenario is proposed; 3) process of adaptive resources provisioning is put forward. Evaluation results show that the service continuity approach based on context-aware, multi-device coordination and adaptive resources provisioning process outperforms the traditional service continuity.


We use two axisymmetric numerical models to explore the dynamics of concentric eyewalls in hurricanes. The first is a simple two‐layer model using balanced dynamics and parametrized convection, while the second is a cloud‐resolving non‐hydrostatic model. In the case of the balanced model, infinitesimal disturbances amplify into secondary eyewalls provided the lower troposphere is sufficiently moist; otherwise, finite‐amplitude perturbations are necessary to initiate amplifying structures. But experiments with the full‐physics model show that finite‐amplitude disturbances are always necessary to initiate secondary eyewalls, regardless of the initial humidity of the lower troposphere. Experiments with both models, in which the surface wind is held constant in the surface flux formulations, fail to develop secondary eyewalls, demonstrating that in these models the disturbances, once initiated, grow through the wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) mechanism. Based on this work, we hypothesize that real secondary eyewalls result from a finite‐amplitude WISHE instability, triggered by external forcing, such as interaction of the tropical cyclone with baroclinic eddies, topography, or local perturbations in sea surface temperature. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society


Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has matured to become a technically viable large scale source of sustainable energy. Understanding the rooftop PV potential is critical for utility planning, accommodating grid capacity, deploying financing schemes and formulating future adaptive energy policies. The NIWE (National Institute of Wind Energy) under MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) is an esteemed institute dedicated to Indian wind and solar renewable energy generation and monitoring. The SRRA (Solar Radiation and Resource Assessment) is a division under NIWE that is responsible for solar energy monitoring throughout India. They have created the Solar Radiation Map of India using high quality, ground measured solar data. This asks the question, whether it is possible to get a quick estimate of a solar installation. Thus, the paper explains the problems in the field of solar potential measurement and the deployment of a calculator in a mobile front platform. The mobile app would quickly and effortlessly give a rough estimate on what a solar installation could save in power consumption costs.


One form of socially useful, productive work which is within the power of elementary school children is the repair and preparation of visual school aids. The Rukavsk school, under the direction of V. A. Morozov, in the Sobinsk district of the Vladimir region, has done interesting work in this area.


We study a production planning problem with remanufacturing. We provide the problem's general formulation and assess its computational complexity under various cost structures. We prove that the problem is NP-complete for general concave-cost structures. When costs are linear, we obtain an O(T3) algorithm based on transforming the problem into the transportation problem in a special way. Finally, we suggest linearizing costs as an alternative for solving the problem in the real world.


The benefit of mobile-bearing mechanism in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been controversial. The aim of this paper is to analyse the rotation of polyethylene (PE) and its effect on the range of motion (ROM) in mobile-bearing, posterior stabilised TKA (LPS-Flex™, Zimmer Co. Ltd.). Thirty-four consecutive PS-Flex™ TKAs (28 patients) were analysed. Three tantalum markers were inserted in the PE and the tibia (one for medial side and two for lateral side; total six markers). The rotation of the PE and the tibia was analysed in fluoroscopically-controlled radiograph taken at one years in full extension, 90 degrees flexion and passive maximum flexion. The markers in the tibia were identifiable in 19 knees and the analysis was based on these knees. The tibia rotated internally relative to the femur by 7.1± 5.2 degrees (mean ± SD, range −1 to 20 degrees). The amount of tibial rotation has no correlation to ROM. The rotation of the PE relative to the femur was unpredictable showing three knees with external rotation and four knees without rotation (Average; 4.0 ± 4.5 degrees internal rotation). The rotation of the PE on the tibia was 4.2± 5.2 degrees and seven knees (37 %) showed no rotation and 12 knees (63 %) showed less than 5 degrees rotation. There was a positive correlation between the amount of PE rotation on the tibia and ROM, which approached to statistical significance (p = 0.0684). This study has demonstrated that the rotation of the PE on the tibial tray is generally small (


CLAIMS 1. A liquid composition characterized by comprising: (a) glyphosate or a derivative thereof in a greater than 360 grams acid equivalent per liter concentration; (B) a surfactant of amidoalquilamina structure formula (1) wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and R4 is hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and (c) at least one cosurfactant comprising a tertiary alkoxylated amine, a quaternary alkoxylated amine, a tertiary etheramine alkoxylate, a quaternary alkoxylated amine, an oxide etheramine alkoxylate, an oxide of tertiary alkoxylated amine, an alkoxylated alcohol, a phosphate ester of alkoxylated tertiary amine, an alkoxylated etheramine phosphate ester, a phosphate ester alkoxylated alcohol, or a combination thereof; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated tertiary amine of structure formula (2), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated quaternary amine of structure formula (3); wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; and X is a counterion load balancing; wherein the alkoxylated tertiary etheramine surfactant is of structure formula (4) where R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated quaternary etheramine of structure formula (5), wherein R1 is hirdrocarbilo or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; R5 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and A is a counterion load balancing; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated etheramine oxide of structure formula (6), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; where the surfactant alkoxylated tertiary amine oxide is of structure formula (7) wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated alcohol of structure formula (8): R1-O- (R2O) nH, where R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; n is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; where the phosphate ester surfactant is alkoxylated tertiary amine of structure formula (9a) or (9b), where each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; the sum of each x and y group is independently an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; and R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; wherein the surfactant phosphate ester alkoxylated etheramine is structure formula (10a) or (10b), wherein each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; each R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; each m is independently an average number from about 1 to about 10; the sum of each x and y group is independently an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; and R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and where the phosphate ester surfactant is alkoxylated alcohol structure formula (11a) or (11b) where each R1 is independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; each R2 is independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; each m is independently an average number from about 1 to about 60; and R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Claim 3: A solid composition comprising: (a) glyphosate or a derivative thereof; (B) a surfactant of amidoaIquilamina structure formula (1), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and R4 is hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and (c) at least one cosurfactant comprising a tertiary alkoxylated amine, a quaternary alkoxylated amine, a tertiary etheramine alkoxylate, a quaternary alkoxylated amine, an oxide etheramine alkoxylate, an oxide of tertiary alkoxylated amine, an alkoxylated alcohol, a phosphate ester alkoxylated tertiary amine, phosphate ester alkoxylated etheramine, an ester phosphate alkoxylated alcohol, or a combination thereof; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated tertiary amine of structure formula (2), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated quaternary amine of structure formula (3) wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms; R4 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; and X is a counterion load balancing; where the tertiary etheramine surfactant is of structure acoxilada formula (4) where R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms; m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated quaternary etheramine of structure formula (5), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; R5 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and A is a counterion load balancing; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated etheramine oxide of structure formula (6), wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms: m is an average number between about 1 and about 10; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 60; where the surfactant alkoxylated tertiary amine oxide is of structure formula (7) wherein R1 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 4 to about 22 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently hydrocarbylene having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms; and the sum of x and y is an average value whose range is between about 2 and about 50; wherein the surfactant is alkoxylated alcohol of structure formula (8): R1-O- (R2O) nH, where R1 is hydr


A 47 year old man with no past medical history presented to the urology clinic with recurrent urinary tract infections caused by E.Coli. He subsequently had a number of investigations including imaging and cystoscopy which showed a high possibility for a colovesical fistula and incidentally demonstrated subdiaphragmatic Situs inversus. The sigmoid colon was inflamed and adherent to the posterior wall of the bladder.
 Surgical management following a multi-disciplinary decision resulted in an elective Ureteric stent insertion followed by laparotomy with sigmoid colectomy and primary anastomosis. The bladder wall defect caused by fistula formation was repaired.
 We report an extremely rare case of colovesical fistula in the setting of subdiaphragmatic situs inversus in a relatively young patient.
 This would likely be seen in older patients with more severe diverticulitis and usually in an acute setting. Anatomical variation resulted in more severe diverticular disease and predisposed to fistula formation.


The Lagrange--Galerkin scheme is studied for degenerate parabolic variational inequality arising in connection with the pricing of American options. This scheme is constructed using a combination o...


Two problems are considered, each of which represents a class of flows. In the first problem the motion is induced by passage of electric current through an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid contained in an insulated axisymmetric tube. The solution is obtained in closed form by assuming small Reynolds numbers such that the electromagnetic forces are balanced by viscous forces. In the second problem incompressible inviscid electrically conducting fluid flows through an axisymmetric tube and the flow is modified due to passage of electric current. The complete solution of the resultant rotational flow is obtained in closed form for small changes in tube diameter. At appreciable rates of current flow the fluid in the central part of a contracting tube behaves as if the tube were expanding; the opposite is true for an expanding tube. This is shown to be the case quite generally even when the assumption of small magnetic Reynolds number is dropped. Further, at large rates of current flow there may develop a secondary flow.


This paper describes a snapshot-based interface for networked appliances operations that allows users to store and reproduce the conditions of media contents in those appliances by means of photographed image data of the networked appliances. The conditions of the appliances are stored as metadata in photographed image data and displayed over a display of each appliance. A user can reproduce the state of the appliances with those image data. Furthermore, such a reproduction can be made on other appliances with the same function. Storing the information as image data makes it easy for a user to refer to an exact data out of an enormous amount of data. One of advantages of this system is that, by photographing many appliances at the same time, one image data can hold various appliances conditions. We have developed a prototype system to realize the proposed interface and some applications to confirm its effective usage. We have also confirmed its possibility for practical use through an evaluation of the system's performance.


In this study, we put forward a fault detection method of rolling bearing based on the wavelet packet- cepstrum. Firstly, the original signal is decomposed using the wavelet packet. Secondly, calculate the energy of the decomposed sub-band reconstruction signal and select the relatively band which is concentrated on the fault energy. Finally, calculate cepstrum of the reconstruction signal to detect fault. The actual normal and fault data of the rolling bearing's outer ring is analyzed in applying this method in the MATLAB simulation circumstance. The result shows that the outer ring's failure frequency measured by the experiment is consistent with the theoretical calculation result.


PM2.5 is not only the inhaled fine particles which affected human health, but also is the main reason for the formation of fog and haze. Xingtai city of Hebei province this year has many haze weather, air quality is bad. In view of this situation, this paper analyzed the pollution status of Xingtai city comprehensively from the PM2.5 components, characteristics, sources and proposed several PM2.5 emission control measures.


Crystallization in a series of variable crosslink density poly(dimethyldiphenyl)siloxanes random block copolymers reinforced through a mixture of precipitated and fumed silica fillers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The silicone composite studied was composed of 94.6 mol % dimethoylsiloxane, 5.1 mol % diphenylsiloxane, and 0.3 mol % methyl-vinyl siloxane (which formed crosslinking after peroxide cure). The polymer was filled with a mixture of 21.6 wt % fumed silica and 4.0 wt % precipitated silica previously treated with 6.8 wt % ethoxy-end-blocked siloxane processing aid. Molecular weight between crosslinks and filler-polymer interaction strength were modified by exposure to γ-irradiation in either air or in vacuo. Isothermal DMA experiments illustrated that crystallization at -85 °C occurred over a 1.8 hour period in silica-filled systems and 2.2-2.6 hours in unfilled systems. The crystallization kinetics for irradiated samples were found to be dependent on crosslink density. Irradiation in vacuo resulted in faster overall crystallization rates compared to air irradiation for the same crosslink density, likely due to a reduction in the interaction between the polymer chains and the silica filler surface for samples irradiated in air.


Good facility layout planning will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of resource so that it affects the total performance of a system that implements the process in it. The process occurring in a system needs to be supported by human behavior to support the sustainability. The purpose of this study was to provide a facility layout design for the management planning stage of the Maritime Business Development Laboratory and the implementation of 5R concept to optimize the laboratory management of Surabaya State Shipbuilding Polytechnic. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative by designing facility layout using the ARC method and explaining the implementation of 5R as a culture to support a sustainable working system. The results of the study were outlined in the form of facility layout design according to the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and the stages carried out by the laboratory in the application of the 5R as the working culture principles


Summary
A multiblock copolymer named PDC is composed of crystallizable oligo(p-dioxanone) (OPDO) and oligo(e-caprolactone) (OCL) as hard and switching segments. PDC has been synthesized via connecting two oligomeric macrodiols using a diisocyanate linker such as 2,2(4), 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI) or 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). In this work, the surface morphologies of spin coated thin films from two PDCs (PDC-HDI and PDC-TMDI) were investigated via in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine how the diisocyanate linkers affect the balance between crystallization and phase segregation behavior. The results demonstrated that in PDC-HDI, the crystallization of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) crystals provoked a "break out" from the phase segregated morphology. On contrary, the crystallization of PCL crystals in PDC-TMDI was strictly confined in the phase segregated morphology.


This paper investigates current heterogeneous signcryption and proposes an efficient online/offline heterogeneous signcryption scheme which provides confidentiality and authentication to achieve security goals in secure communication. The proposed efficient signcryption scheme can simultaneously achieve confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation in a logical single step. The scheme requires that a sender in an identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) to send a message to a receiver in a certificateless cryptosystem (CLC). The scheme is proved to have indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2) under the bilinear Diffie-Hellman and existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen messages attacks (EUF-CMA) under the DiffieHellman problem in the random oracle model. The computational time and communication cost was determined through the implementation of the proposed scheme.