Hot QCD medium effects have been studied in the effective quasiparticle description of quark-gluon plasma. This model encodes the collective excitation of gluons and quarks/antiquarks in the thermal medium in terms of effective quarks and gluons having nontrivial energy dispersion relation. The present investigation involves the extension of the effective quasiparticle model in strong magnetic field limit. Realizing hot QCD medium in the strong magnetic field as an effective grand canonical system in terms of the modified quark, antiquark, and gluonic degrees of freedom, the thermodynamics has been studied. Further, the Debye mass in hot QCD medium has to be sensitive to the magnetic field, and subsequently the same has been observed for the effective hot QCD coupling. As an implication, electrical conductivity (longitudinal) has been studied within an effective kinetic theory description of hot QCD in the presence of the strong magnetic field. The hot QCD equation of state dependence entering through the effective coupling and quasiparton distribution function is found to have a significant impact on the longitudinal electrical conductivity in the strong magnetic field background.


Tagetes minuta is moderately adapted to a wide range of climate and due to its tolerance to larger salt, pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in soil it is considered to be a potential crop for salt‐affected soil. Its tolerance to adverse condition and association with halophilic microbes can combine to play a greater role in crop production and improvement in soil health. After screening, the potential phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) RS‐1, RS‐2 and RS‐3 were isolated from sodic soils and tested in pot experiment using a naturally occurring sodic soil of pH 9.3 and an ESP of about 45. Under optimum conditions in the laboratory, these bacteria showed phosphorus solubilization potential in liquid medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Inoculation of PSB significantly increased plant growth in terms of height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Significant changes were also found in content and quality of essential oil. It was observed that PSB also improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The bacterial strains tested in this study have the potential for use as a biofertilizer in sustaining the growth of Tagetes minuta in salt stress soil and mitigating soil stress problems.


ABSTRACT This article proposes using an updated concept of sustainability that includes throughput, identifies tenets of sustainability already existing in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, and calls for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Council on Environmental Quality to promulgate jointly new regulations. These regulations would make the quantitative analysis of NEPA alternatives mandatory in an attempt to attain sustainability. Also discussed are the US EPA's efforts at incorporating sustainability into decision making.


Objective: To evaluate the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS), anthropometric parameters, perception of fatigue, and the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6MWD) in elderly people living in a long-stay institution (ILPI). Methods: Elderly people (n = 17; 77 ± 7 years) of both sexes, living in an LTCF in Espírito Santo, Brazil, participated in the study. Volunteers were evaluated using the 6-min walk test (6MWT), HGS, and Chalder's Fatigue Scale (EFC). Results: The means of the 6MWD (276 ± 81.6 m) and HGS (19.4 ± 10.5 Kg/f) of the elderly were below the predicted values. The 6MWD showed a moderate positive correlation with HGS (right r = 0.6; p = 0.008; left r = 0.5; p = 0.03) and with apex expansion (r = 0.5; p = 0.03), as well as a negative correlation with the body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.6; p = 0.01). Conclusion: In the environment of an ILPI, where there is a high prevalence of functional limitations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the elderly, comprehensive health care is a complex challenge. Thus, knowledge of these associations can highlight the importance of ensuring strategies to mitigate muscle weakness and immobility.


During recent years various fungicides having a polyene structure have been isolated from streptomycetes. During the study of the action mechanism of a new representative of this group, pimaricin, it was established that the suppression of respiration of yeast by this substance was completely neutralised, if at the same time riboflavin and light were present. The cause of this phenomenon appears to be traceable back to a photodynamic destruction of pimiracin under the influence of riboflavin.

The effect is not restricted to riboflavin; some other colouring matters also possess this property. Ascorbic acid and hydroquinone repress the photodynamic reaction greatly. Arguments are presented for supposing that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the annulment of the polyene group of the fungicide. So far hydrogen peroxide has been regarded as the substance bringing about the photo-dynamic reactions.


A personal experience of living in Muslim countries and gaining a better understanding of the aspects of stereotyping is described with specific reference to the creation and repetition of stereotypes of Muslims and Islam through the media. On the topic of mediated images of Islam, one of the most controversial events in recent years was the publication of a series of cartoon images of the Prophet Mohammed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands Posten. Reactions against the publications ranged from individual disapproval and peaceful protests to death threats and violent attacks on a number of Danish embassies and consulates. While it is easy to dismiss the importance of media products such as cartoons because they are meant to be humorous and provocative, an important point is made that the cartoons must be seen within the broader context of Danish, European and global stereotyping of Islam.


The paper recommends a special technology of machining the end cover of 50 t converter in high quality and efficiency in which the integral lineation and fixing of the special tools and match welding are adopted.


Current enzyme market and likely trends characteristics of xylanases and cellulases analysis of feed enzymes viscous and non-viscous cereals vegetable protein meals application systems for feed enzymes process stability of feed enzymes evidence for mechanisms phosphorus digestion methods of production - producing and stabilizing enzymes.


This study aims to prove empirically the influence between the use of the internet, the ability of individuals and subjective norms on the achievement of accounting students at State Universities in Makassar in lectures to support the GPA. This research uses TAM model (technologi acceptance model) as the basic model of research by combining it with construct in Theory planned behavior (TPB) to perfect the TAM model. Population in the study of all accounting students S1 at the State University in Makassar. Sampling with non-probability method is quota sampling. The data obtained by spreading the questionnaire were 200 equally, each of 50 questionnaires. After the data collected then analyzed by statistical calculation using SPSS. The results prove that: First, the maximum utilization of the internet by students can improve student achievement. Second, the ability of students in the use of information technology can smooth the learning process so as to improve student achievement. Finally, subjective norms in the form of student confidence in the source of information obtained from the internet can affect student pretasi.


Computer model building with damped least-square minimization procedure has been used to study the stereochemistry and energetics of incorporation of a trinucleoside diphosphate fragment with C1/2-endo-C1/3-endo-C1/2-endo sugar puckers in pentanucleotide duplexes d(A)5·d(T)5 (DNA 1) and d(G)5·(C)5 (DNA 2) in B-form. These deformed models were used to study the binding of non-intercalating antitumor antibiotic, netropsin, in the minor groove of DNA. Results show, that in comparison with the normal DNA, the deformed DNA has higher conformational energy and its binding with nonintercalating ligands is stronger. It also shows a higher sequence specificity. The role of these conformational excitations in DNA recognition is discussed in this article.


The objectives of this study are to analyze and compare importance degrees of rural amenity resources for rural development project using AHP and ANP (Analytic Network Process) which can be applied a complex decision making problem. For this study, I chose the 5 rural development project types and the 10 rural amenity resources as major criteria and formed the ANP network from relations with criteria. The importance degree matrix were derived by the results of AHP and several ANP analysis. As the results of this study, the importance degrees of 10 rural amenity resources are determined and the indigenous product resource is identified as the most important resource in general rural development project.


The effects of agricultural credit on farm productivity and the income of the small farmer as a result of credit provided by Zarai Tarraqiati Bank of Pakistan was conducted in district Peshawar of NWFP Pakistan in 2006 at Institute of Development Studies NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar. For this purpose a total of 120 respondents (60 from beneficiaries and 60 from non-beneficiaries) who obtained agricultural credit from ZTBL were randomly selected from three sampled villages. 51.66% of the total beneficiaries obtained medium term while 41.66% obtained short-term credit and 8.33% got long-term credit from ZTBL. The data were collected through pre-tested interview schedule. Farming was the main occupation of both respondents. The result reveals that the credit advanced by ZTBL in the study area has made positive effect on the area of wheat and maize. But no effect on the area of peaches and pea. The result shows that in case of wheat and maize there is a significant change in their production. While in case of peaches and pea, it's non-significant.


The history of the Canadian Army at the beginning of the twentieth century is most often defined by its operational participation in the war in South Africa. Between 1899 and 1902 Canada dispatched a few thousand soldiers to fight for British interests against Boer settlers, supporting a war that had a considerable impact on both the evolution of Canada's fledgling army as well as Canadian politics in general. The sheer magnitude of this event in fact overshadowed just about every other British and Canadian army activity at the time, but it was by no means the only conflict in which Canadian soldiers were then engaged. In addition to helping secure the veldt of the Transvaal for Great Britain, Canada's soldiers were also active participants in a number of other campaigns across equatorial Africa. Though much smaller in total number and often serving as part of a general frontier force instead of being organized into specific Canadian units, their presence was still both influential and at times critical for operational success in these other theatres of conflict. This article specifically examines the role played by Canadians at the turn of the century in West Africa. 2 Though not intended to draw sweeping conclusions about the influence of such operations on the Canadian Army as a whole ‐ such analysis must follow at a later time when much more contextual evidence is available ‐ it does rediscover a largely forgotten chapter in the origins and evolution of that army, as well as raise a number of questions that obviously deserve greater attention. Most important, perhaps, this article demonstrates overall that a new approach to the analysis of the pre Great War Canadian Army is required, one that focuses as much on the influence of those who left Canada for military service as those who remained within the ranks of the institution at home. There is little question that the development of a better understanding of the pre-Great War Canadian Army is long overdue. Existing literature too often focuses solely on political or operational summaries, and then usually only in terms of how the British Army controlled and influenced a much more nascent Canadian militia. 3 As this article reveals, not only are such


The authors have investigated the efficacy of psychosocial work in patients with schizophrenia/schizophrenia spectrum disorders and super frequent hospitalizations, i.e. at least twice during recent twelve months. The results point to heterogeneity of the group and variable responses to the interventions offered. For the patients with accumulated risks for super frequent hospitalizations, the authors specify objective difficulties that influence the results of the psychosocial interventions. Majority of sessions happen to aim at recovery of functioning, with an accent on training patients lost socials skills. The patients free from accumulated risks, respond well to the psychosocial interventions, and emphasize the importance of support and an accent on social involvement and compliance.


Awareness of pubertal issues has a great influence on the ability of girls to
cope with cognitive, social and physical changes that occur during puberty.

 The aim of this study was the evaluation of a school-based educational intervention to
improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls about puberty health.

This randomized clinical trial (Registration number: IRCT 2013111715341N2) was conducted
in Hamadan during the period of 2014-2015. Four hundred forty-six (446) adolescent female
students were recruited randomly, using a multistage sampling method. Students were randomly
assigned to three (3) groups. Group 1(educating to students) and group 2(educating to mothers)
received two 90 minutes' puberty health educational sessions by a midwife; group 3 did not receive
any intervention. Girls' knowledge and attitude about puberty health were assessed using a questionnaire
administered to each group before and after the intervention. SPSS 16 software was used
for analyzing data.

 The three groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. There was no significant
difference in knowledge and attitude scores between the control group and two interventional
groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference
in the knowledge and attitude of the students in the two interventional groups compared with
the control group (p<0.001). The knowledge score was significantly higher in the students' group
that was taught by the midwife (p<0.001). The attitude score was significantly higher in the students'
group to whom their mothers taught (p<0.001).

Mothers would better improve the attitude of adolescent girls toward puberty health if
they were properly informed and knew how to transfer this information to their daughters. It seems
the involvement of mothers in the educating process by a specialist such as a midwife will have a
much better impact on the attitude and awareness of girls about puberty health.


The invention discloses a method for estimating a satellite laser radar emergent laser wavelength reflection rate based on a ground object type. The estimating method comprises the following steps: (1) according to reflection rates of various pattern spots in a laser spot in a visible light wave band, searching a plurality of contemporaneous most similar spectrum curves from a spectrum library; (2) by using the searched reflection spectrum curves, building a regression model, i.e., a reflection rate estimation model, between green waveband and red waveband reflection rates and a laser radar emergent wavelength reflection rate through regression analysis; (3) combining with the green waveband reflection rates and the red waveband reflection rates of the pattern spots in the laser spot to estimate the laser radar emergent wavelength reflection rate. According to the method, a characteristic that ground objects of the same type are similar in reflection rate is used, the theoretical basis is sufficient, and the emergent laser wavelength reflection rate can be estimated with higher precision.


The Deep Web has enabled the availability of a huge amount of useful information and people have come to rely on it to ful ll their information needs in a variety of domains. We present a recent study on the accuracy of data and the quality of Deep Web sources in two domains where quality is important to people's lives: Stock and Flight. We observe that, even in these domains, the quality of the data is less than ideal, with sources providing con icting, out-of-date and incomplete data. Sources also copy, reformat and modify data from other sources, making it di cult to discover the truth. We describe techniques proposed in the literature to solve these problems, evaluate their strengths on our data, and identify directions for future work in this area.


The integration of piezoelectric sensors and actuators has been a new development trend of the piezoelectricity. According to bidirectional and reversible characteristics of multiple piezoelectric effects, the displacement self-sensing method based on multiple piezoelectric effects for the piezoelectric microactuators is studied. The method is further verified on a self-developed microdisplacement mechanism through establishing an experimental testing system in this paper. The output displacements measured by the standard displacement sensor and the output voltages from the displacement self-sensing circuit are obtained for the microactuator respectively. Their relationship is obtained through the normalization to both experimental results. It shows that the curve of output voltages is consistent with that of the measurement displacements. Therefore, the method can obtain the output displacement signal of piezoelectric actuators very well. It proves that the method is easier to application on the practical engineering than the method of electric bridge circuit. Meanwhile, the experiments further verify that the secondary direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials enhances dielectric properties and makes the dielectric coefficient large.


The research is based on the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, with the presence of oxygen, we vary the concentration gradient of copper ions, and observe the changes of the electrochemical parameters to explore the practical application of microbial fuel cells as heavy metal sensors. It was found that: the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, the outer barrier of 30min real-time voltage 1000Ω, 100Mmpbs, under 1000mg / LCOD, case, data acquisition card collection, with the change of the concentration gradient, linear development, polarization curves the measured voltage and power density, showing trends X ² by multimeter collected anode and cathode potentials, also showed a trend X ² , in order at the same time, through the environment, COD, PH, and other factors, be optimization process, resulting in more accurate variation for the practical application of microbial fuel cells, providing new ideas.


This paper presents an indirect method to monitor abrasion of the tool.It is based on the image processing of the texture of the workpiece by using the method of mathematical morphology.


The inter construction of the civil executive legislation is the structural style of the relationship of civil executive procedures and civil executive measures.The system arrangement of the civil executive procedures and measures should take the procedure nature and the substance standard of the execution and the logic cohesion of legislative technology into consideration.So we should reform our executive rules entirely,based on the analysis of overseas legislative model,to form a systemized and integrated law combined with our present legislative style.


The purpose of the contribution is to study the size dependence
of the microhardness. This well known phenomenon is called the
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) and was investigated for four
sets of specimen: pure copper, aluminum, cadmium and zinc.
Variation of the microhardness with depth of indent was
compared with various existing models. For the materials
investigated the ISE is not artefact and can be explained by
the hypothesis of presence of geometrically necessary
dislocations, i.e. dislocations produced to accomodate the
gradient in strain surrounding indent.


To improve the wear resistance and decrease the oil-leakage of the diesel engine valve guide, three different sealing structures of valve guide were designed. Theoretical analysis and calculation of the characteristic of hydrodynamic lubrication for these structures were conducted respectively. And comparative tests of component oil-leakage and engine emission for these three sealing structures were also carried out. Test results were agreement with the calculation, which proves that the methods of analysis and calculation for the characteristic of hydrodynamic lubrication of engine valve guide are suitable and can provide theoretical guidance for structure designs. It also proves that the structure in which a machined sealing groove exists but no seal-ring is installed not only plays a role of sealing, but also plays a role of lubricating, which decreases the wear of valve stem and valve guide, reduces the lubricant that flows into the inlet and exhaust pipe, and improves its reliability. Meanwhile, it can lower the engine emission. So it is a simple, novel and applicable structure.


[Objective]To observe the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in the perihematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)and to find the relation between VEGF and MMP-2.[Methods]Fifty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=25),and ICH model group(n=25). Rats were sacrificed at 6h,24h,72h and 7d,21d after operation,respectively. The protein expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 were investigated by using SP immunohistochemistry. The correlation of VEGF and MMP-2 expression between different groups was compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient.[Conclusion]The obvious expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 are up-regulated in the perihematoma after ICH,and the expression of VEGF protein is closely correlated with MMP-2 protein.


A general analytic solution is given to the sphere‐growth problem which includes (1) oxygen and point defect transport, (2) interface reaction kinetics, (3) surface energy, and (4) strain energy storage. Short, intermediate, and long time behaviors are given. In the long time domain, where the Peclet number for oxygen is constant provided the far field conditions are constant, the growth rate is dominated at low and intermediate temperatures primarily by silicon interstitial formation and somewhat by strain energy storage. At high temperatures (≳1150 °C), these effects become small and the interface begins to approach the thermodynamic equilibrium state. However, at all lower temperatures, the supersaturation of silicon interstitials at the SiO2/Si interface is very large and the interface is far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Extension of the mathematical approach to precipitates of other shapes is also given.A general analytic solution is given to the sphere‐growth problem which includes (1) oxygen and point defect transport, (2) interface reaction kinetics, (3) surface energy, and (4) strain energy storage. Short, intermediate, and long time behaviors are given. In the long time domain, where the Peclet number for oxygen is constant provided the far field conditions are constant, the growth rate is dominated at low and intermediate temperatures primarily by silicon interstitial formation and somewhat by strain energy storage. At high temperatures (≳1150 °C), these effects become small and the interface begins to approach the thermodynamic equilibrium state. However, at all lower temperatures, the supersaturation of silicon interstitials at the SiO2/Si interface is very large and the interface is far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Extension of the mathematical approach to precipitates of other shapes is also given.


Linga Chendhuram (LC) is a herbo-mineral formulation cited in Siddha literature Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu comprises of purified Lingam (Cinnabar) processed in herbal juice – Citrullus colocynthis and used in the management of various types of fever, arthritis and anaemia at 65 mg/dose. Acute and Sub-acute oral toxicity of Linga Chendhuram was carried out in Wistar rats under OECD guidelines 423 and 407. In acute study, LC was administered at 2000mg/kg orally and animals were observed for toxic signs for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity study, test groups were treated with LC at 18, 90 and 180 mg/kg/day along with 2 ml of diluted honey and control group with distilled water 2 ml/day for 28 days daily. LC at 2000mg/kg produced no treatment related toxic signs or mortality during the study. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed using auto analyzer with standard kits and one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett test was performed for significant analyses. Gross necropsy and histopathology studies using H&E stain were done on major organs. LD50 was found more than 2 g/kg. No-Observed-Adverse-Effect level of LC was seen at 180 mg/kg in 28 days of treatment. No abnormal findings were noted in high dose group organs. Administration of LC at its human therapeutic dose of 195 mg/kg in rat (180 mg/kg) is safe.


Wavelet neural network is a kind of neural networks, which can closely combine wavelet theory with neural network theory, and avoid the blindness of framework designs for BP neural networks and the problem of nonlinear optimizations, such as local optimization. So it can greatly simplify the training of neural networks. It has good abilities of function learning and dissemination with a vast range of prospects for application. The theories of wavelet transformation and multiresolution analysis are expounded, and then the mathematical model for the wavelet neural networks and its applications are introduced.


The objective of this study was to verify which morphometric measures are more directly associated with the Body weight of maleCapoetatrutta.A167samples of male C. trutta from Gamasiab River with average body weight 93.20 g ± 1.73were caught, weighed and their morphometric characteristics were measured.the morphometric measures taken were: body weight (BW g), total length (TL mm), standard length (SL mm), fork length (FL mm), body height (BH mm), body width (BD mm), head length (HL mm) and snout length (SNL mm).The phenotypic correlations analysis between bodyweight and morphometric measurements showed that thetotal length(0.986**),standard length (0.987**),fork length (0.985**), body height (0.995**), body width (0.967**), snout length (0.916**) and Head length (0.967**), had a significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with body weight.These correlations were later deployed in direct and indirect effects through path analysis, and the direct and indirect contributions of each variable were measured in percentage terms.The positive highest direct effect value for body weight were snout length (0.780), head length (0.650), standard length (0.448) and body width (0.443) and The highest negative direct effect value for body weight were total length (-0.788) and fork length (-0.465).The positive highest indirect Sums of effect value for body weight were total length (1.615), fork length (1.392), body height (0.495) and standard length (0.412).The highest direct percentage value for body weight were body height (92.24%),head length (51.43%) and fork length (39.13%).The highest indirect percentage value for body weight were standard length (96.85%), body width (89.97%), snout length (76.17%) and fork length (60.87%).The results indicate thatthe standard length, head length, body height and snout length direct effect, were important for determining the body weight of male Capoeta truttabut the total length and fork length had indirect effect in body weight.


Research in strategic management has interpreted how companies compete in very diverse ways. Researchers have elaborated different theories or approaches , whose reasoning ranges from explanations oriented towards the interior of the firm to explanations taking the external environment as the point of reference (Hoskisson, Hitt, Wan, & Yiu, 1999). However, the majority of these approaches regard the firm as an independent and autonomous entity that competes with other firms for returns in an impersonal market. But affirming this, categorically, is inappropriate in a world in which firms belong to networks of social, professional, and exchange relationships with other companies These networks consist of lasting ties that have strategic significance for the firms belonging to them. They include strategic alliances, joint ventures, long-term collaboration relationships between suppliers and their customers, and a great number of similar ties (Gulati, Nohria, & Zaheer, 2000).


We introduce a new network statistic that measures diverse structural properties at the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic scales, while still being easy to compute and easy to interpret at a glance. Our statistic, the onion spectrum, is based on the onion decomposition, which refines the k-core decomposition, a standard network fingerprinting method. The onion spectrum is exactly as easy to compute as the k-cores: it is based on the stages at which each vertex gets removed from a graph in the standard algorithm for computing the k-cores. But the onion spectrum reveals much more information about a network, and at multiple scales; for example, it can be used to quantify node heterogeneity, degree correlations, centrality, and tree- or lattice-likeness of the whole network as well as of each k-core. Furthermore, unlike the k-core decomposition, the combined onion-degree spectrum immediately gives a clear local picture of the network around each node which allows the detection of interesting subgraphs whose topological structure differs from the global network organization. This local description can also be leveraged to easily generate samples from the ensemble of networks with a given joint onion-degree distribution. We demonstrate the utility of the onion spectrum both on several standard graph models and on many real-world networks.


Michael White's and David Epston's Narrative Therapy Approach, has stimulated a great deal of interest amongst practitioners both in Australia and overseas. While creative use of language is a cornerstone of the approach, this can also act as a barrier to therapists' attempts to understand and apply the model This paper focuses on the essential aspects and core dimensions underlying White's Narrative Approach. Utilising the analogy of a dance, a practice grid will be described to highlight key therapy steps.


The HS,TS,PS,PI of the compounds in vacuum residue(VR) after co-carbonization with various ratios of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry at 490°C under 0.8MPa for different times were determined. The HS and TS compounds of the products after reaction for 1h were analyzed by 1 H-NMR. The results showed that the FCC slurry additions moderated the reactivity of VR, decreased the reaction rate and increased the solubility of the reaction system for the large molecules formed in early stages of carbonization. This was reflected in the properties of the 1h intermediate products indicating that the higher aromaticity, the fewer substitute groups and the shorter the side chains, then the higher the solubility of the system.


This paper studies the effect of slip between vapour and liquid phases on entropy generation owing to irreversible heat transfer between these phases. The paper offers governing equations considering slip between two phases and resolves droplet momentum equation. The governing equations are solved using fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. Also, a valid model is used to work out the entropy generation owing to nucleation. Afterwards, slip effect on entropy generation is investigated for variables affecting the entropy generation by comparing slip and no-slip results. Results verify that slip consideration increases the entropy generation and the exergy losses.


Recommended Citation Reuter, Tim; Baker, Elgan Ph.D.; Hernandez, Michael V.; and Bureau, Dan Ph.D. (2012) "A Values-Based Learning Model to Impact Maturational Change: The College Fraternity as Developmental Crucible," Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors: Vol. 7 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25774/etgh-b454 Available at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/oracle/vol7/iss2/4


In order to determine growth of algae attached on stones in a river, a direct measurement was developed. Attached algae (10×10cm) were collected from a stone, which was randomly selected in a river. Afterwards, it was kept in a stream for one day, being surrounded by wire netting to prevent a feeding by fishes. After incubation in a river, another sample (10×10cm) was collected from the stone. The difference between the two biomass was considered as algal growth for the period. As the algal growth varied for stones, the algal biomass and its growth were fitted to a logistic curve, and the theoretical maximum biomass and growth rates were calculated. In the Rivers Yakkan, Bansho and Tsue, biomass of attached algae were 15.7g/m2 (1985. July), 15.7g/m2 (1985. June, August) and 4.5-13.4g/m2 (1986. June, August, 1987. May, July, August), respectively, and the growth rates, 3.6g/m2/day (1985. July), 8.4, 1.7g/m2/day (1985. June, August) and 1.1-4.6g/m2/day (1986. June, August, 1987. May, July, August), respectively. Based on the theoretical value of maximum algae growth rate and the abundance of grazing marks of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, the maximum capacity of a river for the growth of ayu was estimated: e. g. ayu would be able to grow up to 125g/m2 in the Tsue River in May 1987.


Fourteen wild edible and medicinal mushrooms representing ten families were collected from an altitude range of 1,867-4,187 metres above mean sea level form Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, NW Himalaya. The biochemical analysis of sporocarps revealed that the carbohydrate content was the maximum in Coprinus comatus and protein was highest in Auricularia auricula-judae , while the fibre content was recorded highest in Ganoderma lucidum . The energy value was determined using the amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fats present in the sporocarps and was found highest in Helvella lacunosa and lowest in G. lucidum. The ash content of sporocarps was used to estimate the mineral composition and was found highest in Sparassis crispa, closely followed by Lycoperdon perlatum, Russula brevipes, and lowest in R. stricta . The potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium content in general were recorded higher in majority of mushrooms as compared to zinc, manganese, copper, etc. Despite the variations in nutrient content, these mushrooms appear to have a good overall nutritional profile. They have the potential to greatly fulfil people's requirement of proteins, macro and micronutrients. Therefore, mushrooms may be included in our diets on a regular basis to improve its quality.


The light intensity distribution in a perfectly mixed photoreactor has been studied experimentally and analytically. Experimental measurements of intensities within the reactor were made with a specially designed light probe. These data were then used to test the validity of a model which treats the ultraviolet lamp as a linear source radiating in all directions. It was found that this model, which seems appropriate and allows reasonable computations, is somewhat in error owing to the neglect of the finite size of the lamp and the existence of reflection and refraction effects within the reactor. An empirical correction function was determined for use with the model which then yields predictions in close agreement with experimental data when the reactor is filled with a light absorbing liquid.


In order to determine the challenges of education in terms of reading and writing in Colombia, a documentary analysis was conducted by placing in virtual sources an intentional sample of thirty works consisting of articles and post-graduate work published during the 2013-2017 period. which were analyzed from a hermeneutic-interpretative way guided by the questions. What have focused research on reading and writing ?, What methodologies have guided the research ?, ?What are the theories and reading models that support the categories studied? What were the conclusions and discussions reached by these investigations? From this analysis, contributions were identified to improve the processes of teaching reading and writing in the schools and universities of our country.


A constitutive peptide antibiotic lactonase opening the lactone linkage of dihydrostaphylomycin S was isolated from Actinoplanes missouriensis. Approximately 200-fold purification was achieved by ammoniumsulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on calcium phosphate-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G-200 columns. The molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, is 35, 000. The Km value for dihydrostaphylomycin S is 3.73×10-4M. This enzyme also hydrolyzed the lactone bond in echinomycin, etamycin, staphylomycin S, stendomycin, and vernamycin Bα. The enzyme content of the cells was increased by addition of these peptides and also actinomycin to the growing culture.


Direct selection response for economic traits related to development and productivity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied from 10 × 10 F1 and F2 diallel generations. The direct selection gain among developmental traits was maximum for brown rust incidence followed by that for plant height and synchrony of growth of tillers; among component traits, 1,000-kernel weight seemed to be highly responsive followed by number of spikelets/spike and number of grains/spike, the genetic advance being of acceptable magnitude in both the generations.. The genetic gain was lower for days to maturity, early growth vigour, days to flower and grain yield/plant in F1 and F2. The heritability estimates were quite comparable for all the traits except for brown rust incidence, days to flower, productive tillers/plant and grain yield/plant in which deviations occurred from F1 to F2. 540 selections combining developmental and productive traits were isolated from F2's.


This study theoretically investigates the effects of the entrainment accompanying mass, momentum, and energy transport on pore size during high power density laser and electron beam welding processes. The physics of macroporosity formation is not well understood, even though macroporosity often occurs and limits the widespread industrial application of keyhole mode welding. This work is an extension of a previous work dealing with collapses of keyholes induced by high intensity beam drilling. In order to determine the pore shape, this study, however, introduces the equations of state at the times when the keyhole is about to be enclosed and when the temperature drops to melting temperature. The gas pressure required at the time when keyhole collapses is determined by calculating the compressible flow of the two-phase, vapor–liquid dispersion in a vertical keyhole with varying cross sections, paying particular attention to the transition between annular and slug flows. It is found that the pore size increases as entrainment fluxes decrease in the lower and upper regions of the keyhole containing a supersonic mixture. The pore size also increases with decreasing total energy of entrainment and an increasing axial velocity component ratio between entrainment and mixture through the core region. With a subsonic mixture in the keyhole, the final pore size increases with entrainment fluxes in the lower and upper regions. This work provides an exploratory and systematical investigation of pore size induced by entrainment accompanied by mass, momentum, and energy transport during keyhole mode welding.


Radish is a common vegetable consumed in Korea, Japan, and China. Radish Breeding has been conducted based on morphological properties, such as shape and color. Recently, physicochemical properties of radish are attracting more attention from breeders to develop cultivars for the retail market. In this study, major components of radish were determined and their relationship with textural property analyzed. Sixty-six radish cultivars were selected and divided into white head (WH) and green head (GH) according to their head color. The cutting forces of GH and WH groups were 2.17 ± 0.34 ㎏ and 2.31 ± 0.36 ㎏, respectively (P > 0.05). The starch contents of GH and WH were 3.75 ± 0.39 g per 100 g (dry basis) and 4.24 ± 0.62 g, respectively. Cellulose contents in both groups were similar at 12.3-12.4 g per 100 g (dry basis). Pearson correlation coefficients between cutting force, cellulose content, and starch content ranged from -0.33-0.326 which does not demonstrate any strong correlation between these components. Therefore, no relationship was found between the cutting force and the starch content or the cellulose content for the cultivars analyzed in this study. As the first intensive study on the texture and the major components of radish, these results could provide valuable information for radish breeding if further studies on taste and nutrient components are conducted.


A prestressed/precast concrete system was used to build the new Asian Olympic Stadium Project in Pusan, Korea. The stadium(mainly intended for cycle racing) is designed for the 2002 Asian Olympic Games and has a seating capacity of 20,000 spectators plus a few private suites. More than 1300 prestressed/precast components were used and they include single columns. primary beams, cantilever beams, double riser stands, and double tees. Especially, a total of 24 cantilever beams is used on the fourth story for the stands and double tees. These 8m long beams are post-tensioned to prevent cracking, to increase their durability and to serve serviceability by vibration. A cantilever section with cast-in-place topping is 800mm wide and 1500mm deep. Cantilever beams are connected to the column with the corbel by cast-in place concrete. Bonded post-tensioning tendons were assembled at the job site. Dead-end anchorages were installed in the end of cantilever beams and live-end anchorage is the opposite of them.This article presents the geometric layouts, design features and so on.


It seems outrageous that the question of whether GPs should be paid to reduce unnecessary referrals is even being debated.1 Surely paying doctors not to refer is the same as doctors referring patients to a diagnostic or clinical facility in which they have a financial stake? This is morally and ethically wrong and at …


The scope,main production routes and the processes concerning with heat transfer of metallurgical industry are briefly introduced in this paper.The practical appli cation examples and main methods of computational heat transfer of some Processes, for example,ingot casting,continuous casting,heating in industrial furnaces and electrolysis groove etc.,are introduced.Based on the process in continuous reheating furnace,some essential relations between computational heat transfer and modern control theory are introduced.


The outcome of the junior doctor contract negotiations could have a major impact on current medical students' pay and working conditions. Below is a timeline of the major flashpoints, and an overview of the changes being proposed.

October 2013 —Talks begin between NHS Employers and the BMA

NHS Employers, acting on behalf of the government, and the BMA, the trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom, start discussing the terms of the new contract, with a view to implementing it by April 2015.

October 2014 —BMA walks away from the negotiation table

After a year of negotiations the BMA pulls out of talks citing concerns about patient safety, doctors' welfare, and a lack of evidence underpinning the changes. Kitty Mohan, co-chair of the junior doctors' committee at the time said the contract proposals lack a "fundamental grasp" of the way in which NHS staff work and that doctors are "upset and frustrated" with how their work was not being "valued, noticed and recognised."

November 2014 —DDRB steps in

After the breakdown of talks, the government commissioned the Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration (DDRB) to review the contract proposals.

July 2015 —DDRB report published

The DDRB report says that the current contract is no longer fit for purpose and is hindering the achievement of the NHS's goals to improve patient care and outcomes, and is unaffordable in the current financial climate. The report includes several recommendations that upset junior doctors (box 1). NHS Employers in England agreed that the DDRB report should be the basis for finalising new contractual arrangements. NHS Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales all rejected the new contract and have decided not to enforce it. …


This article examines the work of Alma Whitaker—feminist, reporter, and columnist for the Los Angeles Times from 1910 to 1944. Widely known in her time but almost totally forgotten today, Whitaker's work illustrates the formative role of newspaperwomen in the expansion of Los Angeles in the early twentieth century, and specifically in promoting a settler fantasy that redefined notions of white women's selfhood in the frontier space of Los Angeles. Her popular articles and columns both bolstered the white settler campaign to create Los Angeles as a white settlement and challenged patriarchal norms. Situating Whitaker within the emergence of the mass-circulating urban newspaper industry and the colonization of Los Angeles, this article contributes to the fields of women/gender history, hegemonic feminism, borderlands/California, and recent scholarship on settler colonialism as a framework for understanding U.S. history.


This guideline should perhaps be called SAHS 5, in keeping with other hypertension organisations' approach of regarding guideline development as a continuum. As new studies emerge, guidelines are updated as a general reference for clinical practice.


This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic volatility on stock market volatility in Bangladesh employing GARCH and ARDL cointegration models using monthly data from January 1991 to December 2015. The findings confirm that none of the selected macroeconomic variables' volatilities can significantly explain the long-and short-run stock market volatility. The variances of the residuals are found unstable for most of the period and the current volatility is more sensitive to its past values than to new surprises indicating market inefficiency. Although, the reform initiatives, undertaken following the catastrophe of 1996, have improved the volatility condition of the market, but the second catastrophe of 2010 has put a question mark on it. The outcomes of this study are expected to help regulators and policymakers in assessing the degree to which the stock market may need to be reformed.


The laws of Mediaeval Iceland provide detailed and fascinating insight into the society that produced the Icelandic sagas. Known collectively as Gragas (Greygoose), this great legal code offers a wealth of information about early European legal systems and the society of the Middles Ages. This first translation of Gragas is in two volumes.


This paper provides an overview of several years of research in the use of polyimide MEMS actuators for medical imaging applications, including high frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These scanning devices are microfabricated out of polyimide substrates using conventional integrated circuit technology. The material properties of the polyimide allow very large scan angles to be realized and also allow the resonant frequencies of the structures to be in the appropriate ranges for real-time imaging. The primary application of these probes is endoscopic and catheter-based imaging procedures. The microfabrication enables the creation of very small devices essential for compact imaging probes. In addition, they can be fabricated in bulk, reducing their cost and potentially making them disposable to reduce the cost of patient care and minimize the potential for patient cross-contamination. Several different scanning geometries and actuators have been investigated for imaging applications, including both forward-viewing and side-scanning configurations. Probes that utilize both electrostatic polyimide actuators and piezoelectric bimorphs to mechanically scan the ultrasound or OCT imaging beams will be presented. These probes have been developed for both use in both ultrasound and OCT imaging systems. Medical applications of these probes include the early detection of cancerous and precancerous conditions in the bladder and other mucosal tissues. These imaging probes will allow the physician to visualize the subsurface microstructure of the tissues and detect abnormalities not visible through the use of conventional endoscopic imaging techniques. Prototype devices have been used to image geometric wire phantoms, in vitro porcine tissue, and in vivo subjects. The progress made over the last several years in the development of these polyimide scanning probes will be presented.


This paper investigates the impact of layers of quizzing on student performance on subsequent tests and the final exam. The first layer of quizzes are on-line "pre-quizzes" designed to prepare students for follow-on classroom discussions. The second layer quizzes are short "post-quizzes" that are given during class time after discussing questions about the material covered by pre-quizzes. A study involving fifteen semesters of data and 348 students indicated that students performed better on tests and the final exam with this quizzing strategy compared to a more traditional homework based approach. These results agree with the body of research that indicates that testing enhances learning. Significantly, we found an 8 point pass rate increase on the Computer Systems I final exam and a 10 point pass rate increase on the Systems II final.


There is increase incidence of Lower Segment Caesarian section (LSCS) being performed under sub-arachnoid block (SAB)because it is relatively safe. One of the complications of SAB is Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) which is very distressing to the patient.Objective: To observe the incidence of PDPH by using two different types of spinal needle of 25 gauge in females undergoing LSCS underSAB. Currently, in our setup 25G cutting (quincke) spinal needle is routinely used. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting:Department of Anesthesia, Officers Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Cantt. Duration of study: 6 months from 15 February 2011 to 15 July 2011.Material and Method: 100 pregnant patients undergoing elective CD under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into two groups A & B. GroupA received SAB with 25G Quincke needle; Group B- received SAB with 25G pencil-point needle. Follow up was done upto 72 hours after thesurgery. Data obtained through study was analysed through computer software SPSS version 12. Quantitative variables like age, weight andheight are presented as mean and standard deviation. The frequency of PDPH was qualitatively analysed in percentage. The frequency ofPDPH was compared between two groups with the application of Chi-square as test of significance at P- value<0.05. Results: It was found thatthe incidence of PDPH with Quincke (cutting tip) needle was significantly higher (7.%) as compared to pencil point needle (0%). Conclusion:pencil-point spinal needle is associated with lesser incidence of PDPH and should be preferred to Quincke needle to achieve SAB in patientsundergoing LSCS.


The interaction of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as a primary ligand, 5-aminotetrazole, 1-H tetrazole and 5-mercapto-1-methyletetrazole, 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'bipyridyl as secondary ligands has been studied in aqueous medium at room temperature. The formation constants for all metal complexes were evaluated using potentiometric titration data. The stability constants were found to depend markedly on the basicity as well as the steric effect of the


With the rapid development of modern science and technology, electrical automation becomes more and more important in the development of manufacturing industry. In the actual production activities, the application of artificial intelligent and virtual simulation technology in electrical engineering not only improves automation operation level, and reduces the cost and the error of manual operation, but also profits reasonable allocation for enterprise resources. In recent years, the demand for talents with new automation technology is increasing. Therefore, an innovative model of automation teaching reform based on information technology including artificial intelligent and virtual simulation technology is established to constitute an oriented training system from aspects of teaching and learning. Information technology plays an increasingly important role in the field of engineering training. The effective combination of electrical product, virtual simulation and intelligent technology can enhance the application value of teaching method and meet the practical needs of future engineering construction.


Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease, as the prostate enlarges, the layer of tissue surrounding it stops it from expanding, causing the gland to press against the urethra. The symptoms of BPH vary, but the most common is problems with urination which makes life unbearable. We investigated seed extract of Nigerian indigenous plant Prosopis africana (PA) effect on BPH. BPH was induced in male rats weighing 250-350g through exogenous administration of testosterone and estradiol. A total of 25 rats were divided into five groups. One group was used as a control and the other groups received subcutaneous injections of the two hormones. Groups 1 to 2 were treated orally with different doses of extracts and group 3 received finasteride, group 4 was left untreated and group 5 served as normal control. After forty-five days of treatment with the extract the animals were sacrificed blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. The prostate were harvested and weighed. Treatment with extract caused a significant decrease in the size of the enlarged prostate in a dose related manner (p<0.05) when compared with the BPH control group. Progressive weight gain occurred in extract and finasteride treated groups. The level of cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly reduced when compared to the BPH control. There was no significant change in HDL concentration in all groups. The significant reduction of cholesterol and LDL supported by reduced prostate weight suggest that the extract hold potentials for reversal and reduction of induced BPH in rats model.


The features of the dynamics of physical working capacity of students with various physical activity regimes during their academic year were studied. The functional state of the bodies of students, according to the parameters of the cardiovascular system, the regulatory capabilities of the regulation of the blood circulatory system, according to certain indicators of orthostatic stability, and the dynamics of physical working capacity were analysed. As a result of the conducted research, it is established that the functional state of the cardiovascular system of students of both groups is at the same level and practically does not change during the academic year. Students attending sports sections have improved mechanisms of regulation of blood circulation, unlike the students, who do not go in for sports which has been proven by the type of reaction to the orthostatic test. Students who regularly take up sports have the level of physical working capacity, which is significantly higher than that of students with a sedentary lifestyle. Considering the fact, that the level of health is correlated with the level of physical working capacity, it is advisable to recommend sports for students of humanitarian specialties, as a way to improve the functional state of all body systems and enhance adaptive capabilities. Key words:  physical working capacity, physical activity regime, functional state


Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder of gut-brain interaction that leads to a significant healthcare burden worldwide. A good physician-patient relationship is fundamental in managing patients who suffer from this poorly understood chronic disease. We highlight possible reasons for breakdown in communication between physicians and irritable bowel syndrome sufferers and suggest possible ways to overcome such pitfalls.


Tony Meng was 41 years old when a complex spinal operation left him paralyzed. Although paralysis is a known complication of such operations, he sued the surgeon.1 Only during the litigation did he learn that his surgeon had operated on 2 patients concurrently. It is not clear that the overlapping scheduling contributed to the outcome, but the media attention the case received has sparked discussion about the appropriateness of concurrent surgeries.2 Overlapping or concurrent operations involve scheduling substantive portions of 2 or more surgeries to occur during the same time. In these overlapping operations, delegation of responsibility to trainees and assistants is necessary. Particularly at teaching hospitals, concurrent surgeries are not uncommon, but the practice may not be well understood by patients. Although overlapping operations can often be managed responsibly, 2 problems require attention. First, what are the boundaries of safe practice (and who should set them)? Second, how should surgeons communicate with patients about these practices?


ABSTRACT Pain prevention in term neonates: randomised trial for three methods Introduction: Every newborn infant is screened for hypothyroidism and phenilketonuria by blood sampling, during the first week of life, but there is not a simple and efficient method to reduce pain during the procedure. Objectives: Prospective randomized trial, to assess if the administration of oral glucose, paracetamol or EMLA, given individually, can reduce the pain caused in newborns by heel prick, in an outpatient setting. Methods: Double-blind study in which seventy six healthy newborns at term were randomly assigned to receive placebo, oral glucose, EMLA in the heel, or oral paracetamol. Heel prick was performed to get a blood sample, and pain was measured by two independent observers, using two scales (NIPS and PIPP). Results: NIPS <4: placebo (9/19 = 47%), glucose (16/19 = 84%), paracetamol (8/19 = 42% and EMLA (12/19 = 63%); PIPP < 8: placebo (9/19 = 47%), oral glucose (12/19 = 63%), paracetamol (5/19 = 26%) and EMLA (8/19 = 42%). With the use of oral glucose we found RAR: 0.37 (IC 95% 0.09-0.64), RRR: 44% (IC 95% 6-67%), NNT: 2.7 (IC 95% 1.5-11).


on classifying the verbal behaviors of teachers. Yet in art classrooms, many significant teacher-student exchanges occur within a spatial usage context. Spatial usage, a facet of nonverbal behavior, is a fundamental aspect of instruction that involves the arrangement of physical space, patterns of travel, and the kinds and durations of behaviors that take place. The rationale for studying the spatial dimensions of teaching stems from the work of various researchers. Hall (1977) stated that physical space systems subtly influence the form and content of communications taking place in classrooms. Sommer (1969) conducted numerous studies in classrooms and showed


We study the absorbing state phase transition in the contact process on the weighted planar stochastic (WPS) lattice. The WPS lattice is multifractal. Its dual network has a power-law degree distribution function and is also embedded in a bidimensional space. Moreover, it represents a novel way to introduce coordination disorder in lattice models. We investigated the critical behavior of the disordered system using extensive simulations. Our results show the critical behavior is distinct from that on a regular lattice, suggesting it belongs to a different universality class. We evaluate the exponent governing the bond fluctuations and our results agree with the Harris–Barghathi–Vojta criterium for relevant fluctuations.


Objective In order to improve the accuracy in distinguishing subtypes of bladder cancer and to explore its potential therapeutic targets, we identify differences between two kinds of bladder cancer subtypes (basal-like and luminal) in molecular mechanism and molecular characteristics based on the bioinformatics analysis. Methods In this study, the RMA (robust multichip averaging) was applied to normalize the mRNA profile which included 22 samples from basal-like subtype and 132 from luminal subtype, and the differential expression analysis of genes with top 1000 highest standard deviation was performed. Then, the Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed. In addition, the protein-protein interactions networks analysis for the top 100 most significant differentially expressed genes was performed. Results A total of 742 differentially expressed genes distinguishing basal-like and luminal subtypes were found, of which 405 were up-regulated and 337 genes were down-regulated in basal-like subtype. GO enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix, chemotaxis and inflammatory response. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the pathway of extracellular matrix receptor interaction. The hub proteins we founded in protein-protein interaction networks were LNX1, MSN and PPARG. Conclusion In this study, the mainly difference of molecular mechanism between basal-like and luminal subtypes are alteration in extracellular matrix region, cell chemotaxis and inflammatory response. Genes such as LNX1, MSN and PPARG were forecast to play important roles in the classification of bladder carcinoma subtypes.


To the Editor:

We read with great interest the article published by Kim et al on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)–induced corticomotor excitability and associated motor skill acquisition in chronic stroke.1 The authors used high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the paretic hand in patients with chronic subcortical stroke and reported an immediate enhancement of excitability associated with an improvement in motor skill of the paretic hand.

The induced enhancement of corticomotor excitability and the related improvement in performance open new and fascinating possibilities for future rehabilitation …


In this paper, we develop a measure of household resources that converts total financial, nonfinancial, and annuitized assets into an expected annual amount of wealth per person in retirement. We use this measure, which we call "annualized comprehensive wealth," to investigate spend-down behavior among a panel of older households in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 1998 to 2006. Our analysis indicates that for most retired households, comprehensive wealth balances decline much more slowly than their remaining life expectancies, so that the predominate trend is for real annualized wealth actually to rise significantly with age over the course of retirement. Comparing the estimated age profiles for annualized wealth with profiles simulated from several different life cycle models, we find that a model that takes into account uncertain longevity, random medical expenses, and intended bequests lines up best with the broad patterns of rising annualized wealth in the HRS.


The present investigation was carried out to analyze the active constituents present in aerial parts of Kirganelia reticulata (Euphorbiaceae). Twenty one compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The prevailing compounds were 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (20.45%), 2(1H)-Naphthalenone, 4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethenyl]-4,8a-dimethyl-, [4ar-(4aa, 6a, 8aa)]- (14.87%), a-Sitosterol (8.11%), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (7.53%), Vitamin E (6.69%), Phenol,2,3,5-trimethyl- (6.64%), Lupeol (4.79%), Benzene,1(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl- (4.72%),Phytol (4.58%),Stigmasterol (4.51%).


Objectives: To assess structural and functional outcomes of treatment with intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea®) for diabetic macular oedema in treatment-naive patients. Design: This is a retrospective, real-life, cohort study. Participants and Methods: In all, 92 diabetic patients (102 eyes) receiving intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy were included. A total of 99 aflibercept-treated eyes were included in the statistical analysis. Each patient had corrected visual acuity in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters and optical coherence tomography central foveal thickness and macular volume performed at baseline and 12 months. Patients were initiated on a loading phase of five monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections, followed by injections if needed as per clinicians' discretion. Results: The mean number of aflibercept injections received was 6.92. At baseline, the mean visual acuity (standard deviation; Snellen) was 59.7 (16.1) (20/63) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, the mean central foveal thickness (standard deviation) was 431 (129) µm, while the mean macular volume (standard deviation) was 9.53 (1.79) mm3. At 12 months, the mean visual acuity (standard deviation; Snellen) was 69.6 (15.2; 20/40) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (p < .0001). Mean central foveal thickness (standard deviation) was 306 (122) μm (p < .0001) and mean macular volume (standard deviation) was 8.43 (1.58) mm3 (p < .0001) at 12 months; 33 (33.67%) eyes gained ⩾15 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters at month 12, and 50 (55.55%) eyes had a decrease in central foveal thickness of ⩾100 µm. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in visual acuity and in anatomical outcomes in aflibercept-treated eyes at 12 months after commencing treatment for diabetic macular oedema in real-life settings.


Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) have shown tremendous scope for the miniaturization and commercialization of low-cost electrochemical sensors and biosensor devices. But the commercial SPCEs have a narrow potential window (PW) that limits their applications for various analytes owing to the presence of some inherent redox peaks in the wider PW. Here, we explored the most effective and innovative electrochemical tuning of the SPCE surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for the removal of those inherent redox peaks that are responsible for narrowing the PW. After that, the electrochemical performance of the tuned SPCE electrode was evaluated in terms of a range of electrochemical parameters including reproducibility by cyclic voltammetry (CV), DPV, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements using [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a model redox analyte. In addition, the suitability of the tuned electrode for multiple analytes detection was tested in presence of a mixture of Cd2+ (cadmium), Cu2+ (copper), and Hg2+ (mercury) ions using CV and DPV techniques. The electrochemical analysis data show that after electrochemical DPV treatment, the SPCE surface exhibits excellent reproducibility and electrochemical performance within a wider PW minimizing their inherent drawback creating a wide scope of their precise applications in various fields.


The current technologies have drastically changed the way how humans interact in their daily lives. The technologies are now ubiquitous but somehow the technologies have not been able to make an impact in the world of disability as expected. This research work is part of UTAS initiative to explore and invent novel assistive technologies that are relevant for locomotor challenged individuals. The work comprises an extensive literature survey that involves Oman's healthcare sector information. The main aim has been to analyze and assess the types of disabilities that are most prominent in Oman. Our work is a sort of survey paper on the more general as well as specific types of disabilities prevailing among Sultanate of Oman's population and underlying physical challenges. We analyze various surveys, white papers, and government manuals related to disability in Oman. We are keen on the statistical data on disability as it will allows in focusing our research directly on the specific needs of disabled. The data so collected sheds vital insights into how disability is being tackled and what technologies are currently in usage. This work also ropes in caregivers and try to ascertain their views on the type of devices and facilities they view as essential for the daily upkeep of the disabled person. We also surmise the integration of assistive technology (AT) with the Internet of Things [IoT] and how such contraptions can help in alleviating the physical discomfort faced by a locomotor-challenged person. Finally, in the end, a thorough recommendation and suggestions shall be offered to mitigate such issues as well as an overview of the future work with respect to the work packages of the theme of the project.


This study examines the influence of individual income and contextual poverty and income inequality on voluntary association membership in Canada and the influence of individual income and contextual poverty cross-nationally. Applying multilevel modelling techniques to data from the 2003 Canadian General Social Survey, the 2001 Census, the 1981-2004 World Values Survey and country-level data on poverty, economic development and religious attendance this study pursues two lines of questioning. The first investigates how individual income level, area poverty and area income inequality affect voluntary association membership in Canada. The second investigates how individual income and contextual poverty affect voluntary association membership across 55 countries. The findings of this study advance our understanding of individual and contextual economic influences on voluntary association membership in new ways, both in terms of the content of the findings and the methods used to categorise voluntary association membership. The findings support claims about the negative effects of individual economic disadvantage, contextual economic inequality and poverty. In doing so, this study contributes important findings to the discipline of sociology and the wider society.


In this paper, one of the ways to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere through the use of various types of solar power plants (SES) was considered. The paper provides an overview of the energy resources that currently exist in the Republic of Cuba, as well as the new investments made by the country in order to introduce a more extensive use of the renewable energy sources. The paper also describes the benefits of renewable energy that help to reduce the CO2 emissions into the environment.


Conclusions Thirty lactating women studied during their postpartum period had 106 fairly regular cycles. Thirty-nine cycles were ovulatory in character, hence fertile. Forty-five cycles were anovulatory or sterile, hence the bleeding at the end of each cycle was not true menstruation for it did not come from a premenstrual endometrium. There were 22 cycles of doubtful interpretation, by which we mean that 10 or more days elapsed between the date of the biopsy and the onset of the next period of bleeding. Ovulation could, therefore, potentially occur between the date of biopsy and the onset of the flow. Forty-two to 63% of the lactating women who bleed at fairly regular intervals have anovulatory or sterile cycles.


Clinical Outcomes in Young US Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasing rapidly among young adults in the US.1 Often described as a disease affecting older adults, to our knowledge, few studies have included younger patients to better understand their anticipated clinical trajectory. We investigated the clinical profile and outcomes of 3222 young adults (defined by the US Census as age 18-34 years) who required hospitalization for COVID-19 in the US.


Surface ruptures and coseismic slip distributions of large earthquakes are the keys to understanding earthquake rupture processes, analyzing rupture history of associated faults, and assessing earthquake hazards. Detailed mapping of surface ruptures of large historical earthquakes is needed but is difficult in remote regions. The 1955 Ms 7.5 Zheduotang earthquake occurred in a prominent restraining bend of the central sinistral Xianshuihe fault and within a high-relief and densely vegetated mountain range. This study characterizes the 1955 earthquake surface rupture via 50 cm resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, combined with field investigations. Our mapping of geomorphic features showed that relatively fresh mole tracks and fault scarps are still preserved beneath the dense vegetation cover. The 1955 earthquake ruptured at least 30 km in length, which consisted of four sections separated by stepovers or changes in the strike. Overall, the multistranded rupture was more complex than that of other historical earthquakes to the northwest along the Xianshuihe fault but consistent with its local structural setting. We collected 47 LiDAR-derived and 48 field-based left-lateral (with minor vertical) measurements. The clustering of the smallest offsets suggests that the average sinistral coseismic displacement of the 1955 earthquake was ∼2.1 m based on LiDAR-derived data and ∼1.5 m based on field measurements. This difference highlights the ambiguity and difficulties associated with surface rupture investigations of historical earthquakes decades after the event. The rupture length (∼30 km) and average sinistral displacement (1.5–2.1 m) suggest a moment magnitude of 6.6–7.4 based on empirical relationships of strike-slip earthquakes worldwide. The magnitude is smaller than the widely accepted Ms 7.5 in the catalog, suggesting that the previously reported magnitude was possibly overestimated. Our data have implications for the seismic hazard evaluation of the Sichuan–Tibet railway, which passes through the northern part of the ruptured fault.


Objective To examine the effect of iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplementation on perceived birth size and birth weight using Pakistan DHS 2006‐07.


Various computerized statistical packages have long been utilized by sales and marketing professionals for a variety of tasks, ranging from marketing research to sales analysis. Quite a few of the mainframe statistical packages have been converted for use on microcomputers, and a number of packages have been especially designed for these machines. Three major factors seem to be driving the shift of traditional statistical computing from the mainframe environment to the microcomputer equipped desktop. First, there is convenience. Microcomputer based packages provide an alternative to the inherent access problems of a mainframe environment. The second factor is the friendlier environment of


The price of oil has increased dramatically. A barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude oil sold for just over $11 at its recent low in December 1998, while it sold for more than $29 a barrel during March of this year. This run-up in oil prices has caused some commentators to worry that the United States economy is experiencing another "oil price shock" similar to those observed in the 1970s and 1980s. Following those earlier oil shocks, the price level rose while output fell—a decidedly unpleasant combination that became known as "stagflation." Is the U.S. economy suffering through a new oil price shock that will bring economic turmoil? A closer look at the data suggests not. To get a handle on how today's price of oil compares to prices in the past, it is important to adjust for inflation. The dollars used to purchase oil and other commodities today have—because of ongoing inflation—less purchasing power than the dollars used to purchase oil in days gone by. To correct for this, the darker line in the chart shows the price of crude oil deflated by the consumer price index for all items in 1999 dollars. According to the chart, the inflationadjusted or real price of oil was much higher in the past and, in fact, peaked around 1980. In inflation-adjusted terms, today's prices are roughly the same as they have been since the late 1980s. The chart shows that the recent run-up in the price of oil reflects not so much a high price today as a shockingly low price during the fall of 1998. The $11 per barrel price quoted earlier, was, in real terms, the lowest price since the early 1970s. Some commentators on the United States economy also mention that the share of oil in GDP has fallen sharply since the 1970s, and attribute this effect to increased energy efficiency in the nation. Since the share is lower, one might think that any sharp oil price movements would have less effect on the economy than they once did. In short, the story is that the economy is not as vulnerable to oil price shocks as it once was. To obtain a rough assessment of this story, the lighter line in the chart uses the right scale and shows the share in GDP of oil and products closely related to oil. Since the mid-1980s, the share has consistently remained below the 2.5-percent share that prevailed prior to the first oil price shock during October 1973. Thus, even as the real price of oil returned to pre-1973 levels, the energy intensiveness of the economy—as measured by the quantity of oil consumed per unit of output—remained below its pre-1973 level. The fact that the real price is not very high by recent historical standards, as well as the relatively low current share of national income devoted to oil and related products, suggests that the impact of the recent run-up in oil prices on the U.S. economy will be minimal.


Objective: To compare the effects of three different repair methods on the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in traumatic orthopedics. Methods: Twenty-four rats with similar body mass were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D). To establish a model of nerve injury, their right thighs were excised, and sciatic nerves were discontinued 15 mm. In group A (control group), autologous nerve transplantation was performed and the excised nerve was turned 180° and implanted into the defect part. Group B, C, and D served as the experimental group. Group B received allogeneic nerve graft and sciatic nerve segments excised from group C were suture-implanted to the two broken ends of group B. In group C, a nerve lengthening device was used to lengthen the broken ends of the sciatic nerve, and neural end-to-end suture was carried out. In group D, tissue engineering technology was used to implant polylactic-co-glycolic acid nerve conduit stent at the broken ends. Four weeks after surgery, the control group and the experimental group were respectively subjected to nerve electrophysiological tests such as somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), muscle action potential (MAP) and motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Also, the general morphology of the experimental animals was observed. Eight weeks after operation, histological detection was performed for all the subjects and the number and area of myelinated nerve fibers was detected and observed, also, the triceps surae wet weight recovery rate was measured and calculated. Results: After 4 weeks, all the rats showed limb deformity, and had varying degrees of toe swelling. Twelve weeks after the operation, there was no adhesion in the nerve graft junction of group A and group B, and the peripheral neural vascular net of the nerve defect junction in group C and group D was clear. Compared with group A, the latency of SEP and MAP in group C and group D were significantly shortened with higher amplitude, and the NCV increased with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, compared with group A, the latency of SEP, MAP in group B was increased with lower amplitude, and NCV decreased with significant difference (P<0.05). Eight weeks after the operation, the number of myelinated nerves at the repair site of nerve injury broken ends in group C and D was more than that in group A; there was less in group B, with the order of D>C>A>B, and the difference was statistically significant (F=14.37, P<0.05). The area of myelinated nerve arranged in order: D>C>A>B, with significant difference (F=31.52, P<0.05). In addition, the rat triceps surae wet weight recovery rate was higher in group C and D than that in group A, and it was lower in group B than in group A and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the repair methods of peripheral nerve in traumatic orthopedics, the new methods, nerve lengthening and tissue engineering technology, are expected to replace nerve graft.


In this report, we will talk in almost every detail about our project, in order to cover most aspects of the project. We tried as much as possible to make the report suitable for two segments, the specialists and the public so that the reader can make the most of the report. We will talk about the hardware and software used in the project and how they work, in order to explain to the ordinary reader how some technical matters are done and to explain to the specialist some things that he or she might consider while developing. In our project, samples are the cornerstone of the project, and for this, we have focused on them in the report, from the methods of identifying samples to access to taking samples and analyzing them project to other dimensions. When we wrote the project, we took into account that development on the project is an important part of this academic process, so we paved the way for those who want to develop by collecting our own database in Arabic for scientific purposes so that development on it becomes easier and more productive.


Summary.

1
A review is given of previous investigations into the liberation of renin from totally ischemic kidneys, and it is confirmed that a pressor effect can be obtained on the termination of the temporary total occlusion of the renal vessels in cats.

2
It is shown that a liberation of pressor substance after total occlusion of the renal vessels can be obtained also in rabbits, and that pressor substance is found also in perfusates of cat and rabbit kidneys incubated in Ringer's solution. In perfusates of rabbit kidneys immediately after extirpation, no, or scarcely any, pressor substance is observed; but after incubation at ca. 2" C. some pressor substance is found, and after incubation at 37" considerably more, with a tendency to increase in amount according to the duration of the incubation.

3
It is shown that the content of pressor substance in perfusates of incubated rabbit kidneys is considerably increased (is approximately 5–10 doubled) after pre-treatment of the kidneys with phenol, toluol, ether or acetone. The pressor substance in these perfusates must be considered to be identical with renin.


(1) Academia Sinica, Research Center for Environmental Changes, Taipei, Taiwan (firstname.lastname@example.com), (2) Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, (3) NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, (4) Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, (5) Departments of Chemistry and of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA, (6) Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA, (7) Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA


Two small-size package methods, thin stainless steel tube based package method and plating gold based package method for fiber Bragg grating(FBG) temperature sensors, are designed. The characteristics of the FBG temperature sensors in the environment temperature between 203K and 243K are investigated. The wavelengths of the FBG temperature sensors as a function of the temperature are examined experimentally. The experiment results of the two different small-size package sensors in identical conditions are compared with each other. The transmission spectrum of the sensors is analyzed at the temperature of 273K and 213K. The temperature sensitive factors of the sensors are derived analytically and are verified by experiments. Linear fitting to the wavelength-temperature curve is carried out.


* Equal contributors. Received August 17, 2012; Accepted September 15, 2012; Epub October 20, 2012; Published October 30, 2012 Abstract: Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare salivary gland tumour composed of adipose tissue and oncocytic epithe- lial cells in varied proportions. This tumour is still not included in the current WHO classification of salivary gland neoplasms. We herein report a further case of oncocytic lipoadenoma originating in the parotid gland of a 55-year- old woman. The tumour presented as a slowly growing asymptomatic left-sided parotid gland mass. The resected tumour measured 2.7 cm in maximum diameter and was composed of oncocytoma-like epithelial component ad- mixed with mature adipocytes that made up 10% of the whole mass. Foci of sebaceous differentiation were seen. This rare variant of lipomatous salivary gland tumours is in need of more recognition and should be distinguished from other fat-containing salivary gland lesions, particularly lipomatous pleomorphic adenoma and myoepithelioma.


THE IMPACT OF THE MERGER ON THE EMPLOYEES OF TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY The goal of this research was to explore the impact of the merger on the employees of Tshwane University of Technology (TUT). The objective of this study aimed firstly, to conduct a literature review to measure the impact of the merger on the employees of Tshwane University of Technology; and secondly, to explore the impact of the merger on the employees of Tshwane University Technology through an empirical study. The research question for this study is: "What was the impact of the merger on the employees of Tshwane University of Technology". This study utilised a quantitative descriptive research design to analyse the data using statistical procedures. All the data was statistical in nature. The sample comprised 72 respondents from the TUT Gauteng community, i.e. TUT Pretoria campus, TUT Garankuwa campus and TUT Soshanguve campus. The research tool utilised to conduct the study was a self-administered questionnaire. This was hand delivered and collected from the respondents. The findings of this study revealed that mergers definitely impact on people from both a personal and professional perspective. The study further revealed that the merger had a negative impact on management relationships, job security, job position and promotion, communication, performance standards and some elements of collegial relationships. Further research is suggested with regards to the communication breakdown and how it affected the merger. This study indicated distinctly that there was a breakdown in communication as a result of the merger. However the researcher believes that this area should be investigated further to allow others to discover what mechanisms to put in place so that communication during a merger is transparent and consistent. The researcher is also of the belief that further research is necessary to determine whether


Secure communication has become increasingly important with the rise of online communication and data privacy concerns. Image steganography is a popular method for secure communication, but existing systems face several challenges. One of the primary challenges is maintaining image quality while hiding a significant amount of data within the image. Additionally, many existing systems are not user-friendly or system-independent, making them less accessible to a wider range of users. Security and detection of hidden messages are also challenges that need to be addressed. To address these challenges, user-friendly Telegram bot for image steganography that uses the F5 algorithm for JPEG images and the LSB algorithm for PNG images is presented in the study. The objective is to provide a secure and user-friendly platform for image steganography that is easily accessible and system-independent. The use of Telegram as the platform for the bot provides a familiar and widely-used interface that many users are comfortable with. Additionally, the use of encryption ensures that hidden messages are transmitted securely and cannot be easily intercepted or detected. This survey demonstrates that the proposed system provides high-quality steganography images that are difficult to detect, addressing the challenge of detection. Overall, the proposed system aims to overcome the challenges faced by existing image steganography systems and provide a reliable and effective method for secure communication.


Summary: We compute the Lévy measures of the stable processes associated to the Jacobi hypergroups on [0,oo[. Equivalents of their densities near zero and infinity are obtained. The domains of attraction are deduced from a new Tauberian theorem.


Exposure to neurotropic chemicals (benzene, toluene, xylene, aluminum, manganese, nickel, etc.) as a result of environmental pollution can exacerbate unmodifiable (burdened heredity) and modifiable (intrauterine infections during pregnancy, childbirth and the first week of a child's life) damage factors of central nervous system. The review considers some aspects of the development of negative effects when exposed to benzene, aluminum, manganese, nickel and copper. The present-day data of international and national studies devoted to the study of this problem in terms of the development of the toxic action of neurotoxicants are presented. The individual links of the development of pathological processes are considered, namely, violation of the generation, conduction and transmission of nerve impulses, neurogenesis as a result of activation of oxidative processes, potentiation of excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction and neuro-inflammation. The review provides a detailed description of the development of neurotoxic effects. It is shown that when exposed to benzene, an effect is formed in the form of a violation of the synaptic transmission of the nerve impulse associated with the development of oxidative stress in the nervous tissue. Manganese and aluminum oxides are capable of causing direct cytotoxic damage to neurons, followed by the formation of a neuroinflammatory response and disruption of the process of neurogenesis. The mechanism of development of synaptic dysfunction may be associated with the action of aluminum ions, zinc, iron and copper. The presented generalized materials on the etiopathogenetic effect of neurotropic chemicals allow to expand the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of the toxic effects of exogenous chemical environmental factors on the central nervous system.


Effective for broadcasting position location data (PLD) from a base station to the terminal 110. Many techniques. On the one hand, PLD packets into groups, and each group broadcasts in different ways. For example, the base station about a first group of PLD messages broadcast in an unscheduled format, relating to the GPS satellite and a second group of PLD messages are broadcast in a scheduled format 130 120. On the other hand, the second set of scheduling timetable describes specific PLD elements selected for broadcast, their broadcast order, and specific time interval of broadcast thereof. The schedule for a particular scheduled time interval is valid, and will be broadcast several times in the schedule to allow the terminal to retrieve the schedule as soon as possible at the scheduled time interval, and determine what PLD information is broadcast and where to look for specific PLD elements.


This study examined young children's understanding of second-order mental states, which have embedded structures such as beliefs about beliefs. Participants were 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds. First-order and second-order false belief tasks were prepared with similar structures to minimize the difference between them. The results showed that over half of the 6-year-olds were successful on both tasks, while the 5-year-olds were successful on the first-order but not the second-order false belief task. This time lag between understanding first-order and second-order mental states is consistent with the findings of previous studies. These findings suggest that information processing of embedded mental states is a significant factor for understanding second-order mental states.


Epicentral locations for the events of the San Quintin earthquake swarm are confined to a small area, with radius 8±1 km, and between 15 and 20 km deep. Without showing any well defined tendency of the epicenters or hypocenters during the observation time with portable seismic stations (ten months). No well-defined tendency is shown by either the epicenters or hypocenters during the ten months period of observation with portable seismometers. There is the suggestion of a fault along the coast from the site of the San Quintin earthquake swarm, to San Antonio del Mar. The trend of such a fault would be in the northwesterly direction, and this agrees with one of the strikes N 45 W, of the fault plane solution. Unfortunately, due to the submarine location of the seismic activity it is not possible to check the trend of the suggested fault with a geological inspection. The seismic moment of the main event, local magnitude 5.2, was calculated comparing the amplitudes of the synthetic and real seismograms. This seismic moment was 1.53 ± 2 x 1024 dynes-cm. The cumulative seismic moment of all the events recorded during 1975, with local magnitudes between 3 and 5.2, was 3.68 x 1024dynes-cm, which is equivalent to an event of magnitude 5.4. The average displacement as a function of the cumulative seismic moment was 5.7 ± 1.4 cm/ year. The stress drop of the main event was 2.2 ± 1.7 bars. The b value associated with this earthquake swarm was 1.06. In order to calculate the seismic moment of the 112 events recorded in Rio Hardy we use the empirical relationship between local magnitude and seismic moment given by log M o = 1.64 M L + 15.6, which is similar to that given by Brune and Wyss (1968).


The conformer populations of conformationally mobile β-amino alcohols in the gas phase, can be evaluated from the relative intensity of the dehydration peak [MHH2O]+ in isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry.


This essay performs a rhetorical criticism of neo-classical economics, with particular attention to its methodological influence on a number of faulty mathematical models that lay at the epicenter of the 2008 financial crisis. Going beyond Goodnight and Green's mimetic conception of economic rhetoric, which positions rhetoric as a site of mediation between symbolic and material spirals, we argue that the rhetoric of neo-classicism is best understood as an "apparatus" that attempts to suture two ontologically incommensurable conceptions of time that we term intensive and extensive. We further argue that the hinge of this rhetorical apparatus centers on a kairotic tactic of arbitrage, which theoretically posits, at the same time that it negates, ontological market failure. We end by exploring rhetorical alternatives to neo-classical economics that take the internally contradictory structure of arbitrage to its emergent conclusions.


The purpose of the current paper is twofold: to provide a conceptual link between the quantization framework based on Lie integration of algebroids proposed by N.P. Landsman in the book "Mathematical Topics between Classical and Quantum Mechanics" (1998) and the dynamical formulation of the Einstein's equation, and to clarify how from the relevant groupoid the Poisson bracket between constraints of the hamiltonian formulation emerges as an algebroid bracket. To do so, we adapt the groupoid proposed by C. Blohmann, M. Fernandes and A. Weinstein in the paper "Groupoid symmetry and constraints in General Relativity" (2010) by using a different, in our view simpler and more natural, diffeological structure. As a result, we get a different algebroid associated to it, such that the algebroid bundle can be understood as a configuration space of the dynamical formulation of General Relativity, the bracket structure between its sections being of the desired form. We point out the conceptual advantages of this perspective, as well as some interesting issues that require further investigation. We also discuss some of the difficulties that need to be overcome to apply our approach to quantize the Einstein's theory in this sense. This is an extract from the Master's thesis written under the supervision of Prof. Klaas Landsman.