The article presents eleven theories advanced to explain school crime, the subject of the inconclusive Safe Schools Study coordinated by James Samuel Coleman, then collects 90 statistical measures across the 215 public schools in one of the most violent school districts in the United States—the statewide district of Hawaii—so that each theory can be tested with at least one indicator. Data are intercorrelated, factor analyzed, and a stepwise multiple regression is run on variables corresponding to each empirically distinct form of school disorder. The data suggest that efforts to mainstream students are needed to bring a sense of community to the students of public schools, whether through racial desegregation or through proper classification of the abilities of immigrant and local students.


1. Experiments were performed on exteriorized fetal lambs of between 69 days' gestation and term (147 days) in order to observe changes in lung volume and lung liquid secretion rate, and to delineate any alterations in solute permeability, ion transport and tight junction morphology in the maturing lung epithelium. Whilst it was technically possible to measure solute permeability as early as 69 days it was not feasible to apply the Ussing flux ratio technique before 84 days.


A short, efficient and high-yielding approach for the diastereoselective syntheses of the four (5′S)- and (5′R)-5′,8-cyclopurine lesions and their phosphoramidites has been developed. The intermediates prepared by these synthetic pathways provide an easy access to those modified nucleosides that constitute an important molecular library for recognition of DNA damage. With respect to previous synthesis, the key methodologies for cyclization steps and phosphoramidite synthesis were ameliorated.


© The Author(s) 2015. This is the authors' version of a work that was accepted for publication in Making Institutional Repositories Work (Charleston Insights in Library, Archival, and Information Sciences), Burton B. Callicott, David Scherer, Andrew Wesolek (eds), Purdue University Press: 2016. The final publication is available at http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/titles/making-institutional-repositories-work


OBJECTIVE An RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the content of neostigmine methylsulfate injection.METHODS The content of neostigmine methylsulfate injection was determined on Phenomenex Luria C8 column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm).The mobile phase used were 0.05 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogan phospate-acetonitrile(87∶13) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and detected at 260 nm.RESULTS The linear relationship of the peak area and concentration was determined as 6.12~14.28μg with a regression coefficient of 0.9999.The average recovery was 99.9%,RSD was 0.26%.CONCLUSION The method is rapid,simple,accurate and can be used for quality control.


In this paper the Backlund transformations technique and Painleve analysis are used to generate classes of exact soliton solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations. For the (1+1)-dimensional problem, the unstable system of plasma equations where an electron beam is injected under a high-frequency electric field is reduced to the unstable nonlinear Schrodinger (UNLS) equation. Using the Darboux–Bargmann technique, we obtain the Backlund transformations for UNLS equation solvable by the inverse scattering method of Zakharov–Shabat/Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (ZS/AKNS) and the ZS/AKNS wave functions corresponding to the soliton solutions of this equation.


Tacitus' claim that inter paganos miles corruptior (soldiers become corrupted among civilians) was to justify emperors' decisions aimed to accommodate the legionaries away from cities. Such location of legion camps was, according to Tacitus, supposed to protect the military men from extensive "softening" of their character. This statement should not, however, be taken literally. Despite their seclusion, legionaries gave up neither all contacts with civilians, nor luxuries. Although having military character, the camps were in fact a reflection of the cities, with baths, canteens, and sometimes a theater and a lupanar built nearby. One of the most important buildings in a legionary camp was the hospital – valetudinarium. This article aims not only at presenting the significance of hospitals and medical care, but also at showing the state of research on the subject. One of the problems discussed in the article regards professional medical care. It is hard to establish when exactly qualified military doctors first appeared. Another problem is establishing the hierarchy of doctors employed in valetudinarium. Scarcity of sources does not allow us to specify the method of hiring doctors, nor the value and kind of their remuneration. Still, owing to the archaeologists' discoveries, we do know what the hospitals looked like. Although no two identical hospital buildings could be found, the principles of their construction and location were analogical in all camps. This fact enables identification of some of the hospital rooms, but, what is more important, the discovered medical instruments allow us to determine the range of medical help offered to the Roman legionaries of the 1st–3rd centuries.


The milling module based on MasterCAM software is convenient to use,adapted to different types of products processing,and it can effectively solve the problem of programming for a variety of complex parts,which greatly improves the efficiency of programming.


For centuries, library and information science professionals have been responsible for curating and preserving access to information resources. The last few decades have seen an unprecedented change in how new knowledge is created, disseminated and reused both within academe and industry, which provides new opportunities to intervene within the data lifecycle. This paper documents efforts to create a graduate educational program that produces alum who understand both the social and technical aspects of data analytics and who can effectively employ data to address questions in academe and industry. We share perspectives gained from initial interviews with project partners who have data needs, and report on how those needs directly informed curricula development of the Socio‐technical Data Analytics (SODA) program at the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois. We also provide a formative student evaluation of the program that was conducted to identify aspects that are successful, and those where further work is needed in order to help other schools who are developing similar programs that prepare a workforce who can effectively reuse data.


This paper considers the problem of minimising makespan on a single batch processing machine with flexible periodic preventive maintenance. This problem combines two sub-problems, scheduling on a batch processing machine with jobs' release dates considered and arranging the preventive maintenance activities on a batch processing machine. The preventive maintenance activities are flexible but the maximum continuous working time of the machine, which is allowed, is determined. A mathematical model for integrating flexible periodic preventive maintenance into batch processing machine problem is proposed, in which the grouping of jobs with incompatible job families, the starting time of batches and the preventive maintenance activities are optimised simultaneously. A method combining rules with the genetic algorithm is proposed to solve this model, in which a batching rule is proposed to group jobs with incompatible job families into batches and a modified genetic algorithm is proposed to schedule batches and arrange preventive maintenance activities. The computational results indicate the method is effective under practical problem sizes. In addition, the influences of jobs' parameters on the performance of the method are analyzed, such as the number of jobs, the number of job families, jobs' processing time and jobs' release time.


The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is an annual survey with an overlapping panel design where the sample for a panel is drawn from the responding households of the previous year's National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Because of this relationship between the two surveys, data from the NHIS can be linked to the MEPS to expand the survey's analytic capacity. However, as the MEPS is conducted a year after conducting the NHIS, not all persons in a MEPS sample can be linked with the NHIS sample due to the joining of new persons in some households. Options for analyzing such a linked dataset are to exclude the cases with missing NHIS data and apply the original MEPS weight, exclude the cases with missing NHIS data and apply an adjusted MEPS weight, or impute missing values so that the full dataset can be analyzed using the original MEPS weight. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the importance of weighting adjustments for analysis and estimation when MEPS is linked with the NHIS full, sample adult or sample child files. For the analysis, the MEPS 2007 FY file is linked with the NHIS 2005 and 2006 files and the MEPS weights are adjusted for non-linkage. The estimates produced with adjusted and unadjusted weights are then compared to assess the impact of an adjustment of MEPS weight for non-linkage. The analysis shows that when MEPS is linked with the NHIS full file the impact of a weighting adjustment is negligible, but when linking with the NHIS sample adult or sample child file the impacts on many estimates are significant and a weighting adjustment for non-linkage is strongly recommended.


India is one of the fastest growing Telecom Markets in the world wherein the Telecommunications sector has emerged as a key propeller of social-economic development. The Telecom Industry in India has experienced exponential growth over the past few years; however, the cut-throat competition and intense tariff wars have had a negative impact on the revenue of players. With subscriber base heading towards saturation, the service providers need to focus on retaining the subscribers. This book is an in-depth exploration and analysis of relationship among Brand Image, Consumer Perception about Quality of Services and Company performance of major Mobile Service Providers of Indian Telecom Industry based on primary data collected from subscribers. It highlights the strengths and underlines the shortcomings of the service providers. The mobile service providers can fine tune their service offerings to the special needs of the subscribers and build a strong and loyal subscriber base.


1. Power 2. Role of the State 3. Politics, Culture & Social Processes 4. Politics of Everyday Life: Political Economy 5. Politics of Everyday Life: Social Institutions and Social Relations 6. Political Participation 7. Elections and Voting 8. Social Movements 9. Violence and Terrorism 10. Globalization


The choice of materials is a fundamental step in the process of architectural design of a building. This step becomes now predominant because architects, in terms of choice, face three major issues: the expansion and multiplication of new materials, the desire for dematerialisation generated by the separation between the building structure and building envelope and its energy requirements, environmental and health. If these last two centuries, in a spirit of modernity, contributed to technological chemical development and chemical of building materials and to the mutation of architecture, they have created a major change in the relationship between human being and nature: human being broke free of the ecosystem to which he belonged by considering it as a commodity and exploiting natural resources without restraint. In doing so, human being increased pollution phenomena and disturbances of the terrestrial ecosystem but contributed also to the deterioration of his health. Since the publication of the Brundtland Report in 1987, human being gradually recognizes its responsibilities and is aware of the urgency to respond effectively to curb stop to see the process started. If the construction is not the only sector responsible for this situation, it has the bigger potential for change and improvement both in terms of resource use and that the reduction of emissions (air pollution, indoor air quality, waste generation), but it is also a sector that has the most influence on our lifestyle and in doing so, the way we operate, we consume, we think. This thesis questions the issues of materials and building materials in the design of sustainable architecture. The building material plays an important role in the architecture by meeting the requirements of protection and comfort and technical performance while promoting an architectural language and awakening sensations. But the role of materials in the design of sustainable architecture goes beyond the notion of image or performance: the building material must now meet the requirements of resource conservation, environmental impact, of impact on health, but also to requirements reuse or recycling. The issue of choice is tackled using a prospective, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Prospective, because it incorporates not only environmental and health impacts scientifically proven, but also those who are "suspected " and that every step of the lifecycle of building materials. Comprehensive, because it takes into account all stages of the life cycle of materials and construction. Multidisciplinary, because it develops around the building material, sensitive issues, scientific, historical, industrial, technical, environmental, health, etc.. This holistic view of the construction material used to expand the scope of considerations by revealing and combining, by a "reasoned" using of three materialities of it: the "visible" materiality, the "intrinsically "materiality and the "sustainable "materiality By the study of building materials, the study of their evolution and their characteristics, by identifying the environmental and health impacts caused by them throughout their life cycle, different concepts such as concept of cause to effect, concept of cycle and principle of precaution have been highlighted. These concepts, when they are integrated early in the process of design and construction, can not only promote an honest architecture, filled with meaning and consistent with its location and function, but also to reconcile human being with its environment and with himself. Placing the environmental and health aspects at the top of a pyramid of assessment criteria would revive a selection process "responsible". This process responsible would highlight the potential technical, energy and environmental building materials in the design and architectural composition and that, without hampering creativity and innovation of each architect in regard to the specific surface offered by the material, from the substances. In order to encourage this process, this thesis has sought to develop a tool for assessing environmental and health components of a building. This tool is based partly on a forward thinking beyond the present knowledge and secondly, a holistic approach throughout the life cycle of materials and systems and on a consistent set of criteria to both quantitative and qualitative


This work aims to analyze the Infrastructure for the assistance of the Maternal-Infant
Network in the Health Regions of Pernambuco in the year 2017. It is a normative,
quantitative, descriptive study on the infrastructure for assistance of the Network of
Maternal- Children of the state of Pernambuco. Secondary data from IBGE, CNES
and SINASC provided by DATASUS for the year 2017 were used. The variables
related to the infrastructure for maternal and child care for pregnant women were
defined in accordance with Administrative Rule GM / MS No. 1. 632, which
establishes the criteria and parameters for the planning and programming of actions
and health services in the SUS. The results show that there is a concentration of
infrastructure for maternal and child care in the metropolitan region of Pernambuco,
where the I health region is located, with about 43.21% of the state's maternal and
child infrastructure. It was also verified the insufficiency of beds, especially the beds
of neonatal ICU, neonatal ICU and kangaroo bed throughout the state. The data
point to the predominance of services offered by SUS. It is also worth mentioning the
existence of marked regional inequalities in the supply of health services, with care
gaps, especially in the interior of the state. It is concluded, therefore, that in spite of
the advances in the structuring of health policies aimed at the pregnant woman and
the child, there are still problems of access to health services, especially in the
interior regions of Pernambuco, highlighting the need to strengthen the process of
regionalization of care the health.


Objective To improve the clinical outcome of surgical management for chronic pancreatitis. Methods 34 patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing operation in our hospital from 1983-2000 were analyzed retrospectively, who were divided into chronic calcifying pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pancreatitis according to the clinical manifestations. Results There were 23 men (68%) and 11 women (32%) with a mean age of 52.89 years. The cause of chronic pancreatitis was alcohol related in 23 cases (67.65%), cholelithiasis in 13 (38.24%), and previous episodes of acute pancreatitis in 11(32.35%). Clinical manifestations included abdominal pain in 28cases (82.35%), obstructive jaundice in 17cases(50%). There existed a significant difference in some clinical materials between the two groups of chronic calcifying pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pancreatitis, which might mean the different pathologic basis in the two kinds of chronic pancreatitis. A total of 34 patients underwent nine different operations without perioperative deaths. Both the Puestow procedure and the pancreatoduodenectomy was safe and achieved pain relief in a large percentage of patients, which could also improve the exocrine function whereas the endocrine function remained unchanged. Addition of biliary bypass to the Puestow procedure was suitable for the patients with stenosis of common bile duct. Only drainage of bile duct had poor outcome for the patients with chronic pancreatitis. Conclusion The clinicopathologic characteristics of chronic pancreatitis was variable and the surgical management should be also different for individuals. When a dilated ductal system was encountered, drainage procedures should be recommended. Resection should be performed for the patients with inflammatory mass in the head of pancreas.


Zen and the Taming of the Bull. Towards the Definition of Buddhist Thought. Essays by Walpola Rahula. Gordon Frazer, London 1978. 160 pp. £6.50.


Resource, opportunity and entrepreneurial experience are three key issues focused in the current entrepreneurial theory and practice continuously. Based on reviewing many literatures, this paper developed a integrated conceptual framework of the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and opportunity identification which entrepreneur resources as a medium variable and put forward five hypotheses. Then we collected data in Changchun city to examine them. The results showed experience positively impacted on opportunity identification, social resources' medium effect was significant, however, the medium effect of financial resource between experience and opportunity identification was not significant as we suppose.


The only method known to science of extracting information from deceased persons is the discovery of documents.—Sir Oliver Lodge. The reconstruction periods following devastating wars are axiomatically characterized by widespread nervous unrest. The causes and effects of this universal state of "nerves" are too familiar to require mention. One of the most readily understood accompaniments of such a period of readjustment is a recrudescence of all kinds of religious activity and of divers affiliated undertakings. Of these phenomena perhaps the most striking, because of certain personages involved, is the contemporary wave of spiritism. In the western world this wave, which has taken form in the spectacular missionary tour of England's foremost spirit-scientist, has flowed across the states from East to West, and is now receding through the provinces from West to East. It promises temporary interest or enthusiasm, to be followed by forgetfulness, awaiting the impetus of a later wave.


Adequate planning and a capable response resource exist to competently mitigate the effects of meteorological, geophysical and biological hazards in both urban and non-urban situations. The Commonwealth Department of Health and Emergency Management Australia have thus conducted, at about two yearly intervals, a series of key seminars or workshops on a wide range of disaster medicine activities.


Using a panel database for 27 programs in 16 U.S. states over 1998-2009, we assess the impact of 12 state-level policies on the cost and deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies for two sectors defined by system sizes: residential (


A case of right sided pulmonary hypoplasia with tuberculosis is described . A 7 months male was admitted in our department with complaints of recurrent chest infections since birth. Clinical examination revealed smaller right hemithorax. Serial chest Xrays showed non progressive lesions over several months . Bronchoscopy and CT scan thorax confirmed the diagnosis of right sided pulmonary hypoplasia. CBNAAT of bronchial secretions and gastric aspirate was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was not associated with any other developmental anomaly


ABSTACT: This paper deals with stability problem of cart inverted pendulum controlled by a fractional order PD controller. Inverted pendulum is an underactuated mechanical system because it has one control input and two degrees of freedom. Mathematical model of cart pendulum system is derived and fractional order PD controller is introduced in order to stabilize it. Control strategy consists of two parts, a swing up controller and stabilizing controller. Problem of asymptotic stability of closed loop system is solved using the D-decomposition approach. Stability regions in control parameters space are calculated using this method, and tuning of the fractional order controller can be carried out.


A high IQ isn't the liability this book suggests, but we can all learn to make better decisions Examining "why smart people make dumb mistakes," The Intelligence Trap presents an accessible and engaging discussion of the nature of human intelligence. The reason for this paradox, suggests author David Robson, is that people with a high IQ are often unaware of the limits of their understanding and are therefore susceptible to poor judgement.


To the Editors:

Sputum induction with hypertonic saline is one of the most commonly used and reliable noninvasive methods to examine airway inflammation. The safety of induced sputum has been the subject of many reports focusing on stable asthma of any severity and the procedure is regarded as safe [1]. However, data on safety of induced sputum in acute asthma is limited. In a previous small study, we safely induced sputum in 10 patients with severe exacerbations of asthma using a modified method: starting the induction with isotonic saline, followed by the inhalation of hypertonic saline if necessary [2]. Here, we further examined the safety of this method in a larger number of patients.

The data were obtained from 45 patients (18–60 yrs of age; 29 patients were female, 32 were atopic and 21 were taking inhaled steroids) with asthma previously diagnosed by objective measurements and who were seen for the first visit of another clinical study of moderate-to-severe exacerbations of asthma. A severe exacerbation of asthma was defined as previously described [2]. All patients were either nonsmokers or ex-smokers ( 1 yr. None had other lung diseases. The Research Ethics …


From the momentum and the continuity equations in the cylindrical coordinates for Newtonian lubricants, the static performance characteristics for finite journal bearing have been obtained for non-Newtonian lubricants represented by seven different models.


The physical properties of foods depend on many variables such as composition, temperature and history, and preservation processes depend in turn on these properties. This article looks at some areas of study which have provided insight into the physics of fish technology


Phenomena considered to be miracles have been present in human culture since its origins. There have been astronomical, meteorological, and biological occurrences, and they have attracted the attention of ordinary people, artists, and thinkers. Each of these groups has tried to explain the curious phenomena or to express amazement in its own way: by means of piety or fear, creating artistic masterpieces, or theoretical reflection. Reflections on miracles (apologetic or skeptical) by philosophers and theologians, as well as writers and scientists (eg, physicians, physicists, and sociologists), have usually occurred in religious contexts. The issue of miracles is complicated and multidimensional. The word "miracle" comes from the Latin miraculum, which is derived from mirari (to wonder). Thus, the most general characterization of a miracle is an event that causes wonder. As such, it must also be in some way unusual, extraordinary, or contrary to our expectations. Nevertheless, there have been numerous definitions of miracles, and it is difficult to present a detailed and commonly accepted one. But there are some aspects of miracles to which almost all definitions point, namely, miracles being extraordinary, related to nature (being in some sense beyond, above, contrary to nature, etc.), and triggered by factors differing from natural causes that are already known.*


Memory gradient methods are used for unconstrained optimization, especially large scale problems. They were first proposed by Miele and Cantrell (1969) and Cragg and Levy (1969). Recently Narushima and Yabe (2006) proposed a new memory gradient method which generates a descent search direction for the objective function at every iteration and converges globally to the solution if the Wolfe conditions are satisfied within the line search strategy. In this paper, we propose a nonmonotone memory gradient method based on this work. We show that our method converges globally to the solution. Our numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient for some standard test problems if we choose a parameter included in the method suitably.


This paper describes a quasi-resonant ZVS-PWM high frequency inverter using SITs under fixed frequency mode. It is designed so as to operate at soft switching PWM condition in order to minimize switching losses and electrical dynamic stresses in its switching power devices over wide output power regulation ranges. The operating principle of this inverter and its PWM controlled power regulation procedure are presented for induction heating. Its performances are evaluated and discussed from a practical point of view.


A series of tensile tests were conducted to investigate the tensile mechanical properties of carbon fiber, glass fiber and basalt fiber reinforced polymer sheets at temperatures ranging from 16•Ž to 200•Ž. Additionally, corresponding no-impregnated fiber sheets were tested at 16•Ž as a reference. The results show that the tensile strength of different fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets is reduced significantly with an increase in temperature. However, the tensile strength of FRP sheets still remains a stable residual value after the polymer reaches its glass transition temperature (Tg), and this value is higher than the tensile strength of non-impregnated fiber sheets.


Antioxidants research has become active to a greater extent in many fields. The publications on antioxidants' potential, their availability from vitamins, flavonoids, polyphenols etc has increased too many folds since past decade. Several reviews have also been published on validated and specific assays. This review summarises the versatility of antioxidants against the free radicals, their dual mechanism of action and the chemical principles of many antioxidant assays. The antioxidants assay is a complex topic due to the unavailabilty of a standard assay. This review intends to be comprehensive to cover almost all the reported assays which have few influence and applications. Choosing an adequate assay is critical to investigate the antioxidant activity of foods and biological samples. Two general types such as; lipid peroxidation associated assays and electron or radical scavenging assays are widely used for different antioxidant studies have been discussed here. The former includes, β-carotene bleaching assay, anti-lipid peroxidation assay involving TCA-TBA solution and the latter includes ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) radical cation decolorisation assay, DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity assay, ferrous ion-chelating assay etc. The chemistry behind all the above mentioned assays has been reviewed here emphasising the need of discovery of a convenient method for the quick quantitation of antioxidants.


Voice over internet protocol ("VoIP") technology is increasingly being used throughout the nation. VoIP technology provides for real-time voice communications using an Internet application. Because VoIP technology uses the Internet, security issues arise from third-party attempts at eavesdropping. This technology can also be intercepted under wiretap laws. The means of obtaining these conversations presents new issues for law enforcement agencies because VoIP does not travel along traditional telephone networks and various means of obtaining VolP are available. Privacy concerns also arise with the vast amount of information that can be obtained from VoIP communications over traditional


The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features and the risk factors for mortality in children who had surgery for bilateral endomyocardial fibrosis. (EMF).
Consecutive children who had surgery for bilateral endomyocardial fibrosis in Institute of
cardiology of Abidjan from 1978 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed.
There were 34 patients, 18 (52.9%) were boys and 16 (47.1%)were girls (M: F=1.3:1).Their ages ranged from7 to 15 years (mean, 11 years). All the patients had tricuspid
andmitral regurgitation and severe chronic systemic venous congestion with low cardiac output. The left sided form was predominant in 21 (61.8%) patients, and the right sided form in 16(47.1%). Surgery consisted of ventricular endocardectomy with either mitral and/or tricuspid valve reconstructive procedures in 14 (41.2%) patients and valvular replacement in 29 (85.3%). There were 10 (29.4%) hospital deathsmainly due to lowcardiac output. Bilateral EMF is associated with high hospital mortality. Routine parenteral administration of inotropic drugs at the end of the cardiopulmonary by-pass in theatre
and maintaining them in intensive cares unit satisfactory haemodynamic stabilization is advised. Keywords : Endomyocardial fibrosis, Surgery. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery Vol. 4 (2) 2007: pp. 64-67


Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is a preferable method used to solve the imbalanced data classification issues. However, its efficiency for resolving the issues of minority sample classification still need to be improved. In order to balance its value and shortcome, we designed a perfected algorithm called "C-K-SMOTE'', which is a mixture clustering algorithm of the Canopy and K-means. For the final purpose of obtaining an approximately balanced data, first we use Canopy to achieve the approximate clustering, then use the K-means to obtain the accurate clustering, and after that we apply the SMOTE to increase the number of minority samples. The referential imbalanced data sets used in the article are selected from KEEL (Knowledge Extraction on Evolutionary Learning). By adopting random forest disaggregated model to carry experiments, SMOTE's efficiency of balancing the imbalanced databases is verified.


This paper is concerned with the inverse medium problem of determining the location and shape of penetrable scattering objects from measurements of the scattered field. We study a sampling indicator function for recovering the scattering object in a fast and robust way. A flexibility of this indicator function is that it is applicable to data measured in near-field regime or far-field regime. The implementation of the function is simple and does not involve solving any ill-posed problems. The resolution analysis and stability estimate of the indicator function are investigated using the factorization analysis of the far-field operator along with the Funk-Hecke formula. The performance of the method is verified on both simulated and experimental data.


Concrete is one of the most used building materials in the world because of its good properties. However, cement which is one of the main components in concrete, produces a high amount of heat duri ...


Arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (414 aa, ~46 kDa) is encoded by the human ARRDC3 gene. This protein plays a role in the regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.


George Eliot's last novel, Daniel Deronda, is insistently concerned with the visual and with the problematics of looking. Like many of Eliot's novels, it examines the visual in relation to notions of reliability, perspective, interpretation, representation, the subjective versus the objective, and the relation between observation and imagination. This paper is concerned with the creation and development of character as unveiled through visual moments within the diegesis. Focus is on the function of the visual between characters and the study proposes that visual moments – understood as the combination of looker, "lookee", the manner of looking or seeing, the context of looking and the form of narration – significantly contribute to the development of characterisation. Furthermore, it suggests that George Eliot, to a large extent, locates characters' personal beliefs and ideologies in visual exchanges. Visual moments in Daniel Deronda are identified with the aid of corpus linguistic methods.  Corpora aid to pinpoint the frequency and range of lexical items related to the visual and this study examines the lexeme look, specifically, in order to trace and unravel character construction and development. By so doing, it aims to complement or qualify the composition of character as presented through the combination of direct speech, free indirect discourse and the agency of a reflective and analytical narrative voice.


book, and he has produced a valuable volume on neoplasms of the skin. Although consideration of malignant conditions occupy the greater part of this volume benign neoplasms also receive their due amount of attention. The book is copiously illustrated by excellent photographs and on the whole is clearly written, but we are sorry to see that the author talks of ' tubercular' skin lesions, when referring to disease caused by the Bacillus tuberculosis, such a careless use of this word is especially reprehensible in a dermatologist. To say that the book is printed and published by Messrs. H. K. Lewis and Company in their usual style will be sufficient commendation to those readers who are familiar with this well-known firm of medical publishers. The book may be summed up as an eminently useful and pleasing production.


This paper deals with the locality constraints on optional morphological alternations in the grammar, whose architecture is local and serial in nature. We investigate the allomorphy of the root √ GIVE in Korean. These data provide a prima facie counter-example, which poses a problem to the locality condition on suppletion. However, we show that suppletive allomorphy does conform to a stringent locality constraint. We also address the challenging issue of optional alternations in morphology. We resolve these two puzzles by reconciling the local domain, rather than the lexical entries, through morphological operations. We claim that these data further suggest that morphosyntax interacts with phonology, both locally and serially.


A door-monitoring software design that can monitor doors of all stations is presented in this paper. The software structure,hardware function,language and control components used are also introduced. The system runs in the telephone and telegraph office in C city.


A new adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filter structure is proposed based on the input balanced realization. It is generated by the four-multiplier lattice structure. Consequently the controllability Grammian matrix becomes an identity matrix and the algorithm inherently guarantees that the adaptive filter will always remain stable. The simulation result shows that this new adaptive IIR filter rapidly converge to the minimum of the error surface.


The article addresses the need for adapted editions of works of Bulgarian literature for the purposes of teaching and studying Bulgarian language and literature abroad. Reference is made to similar French language editions published in France and Russia and examples from web sites with adapted editions. Examples of adapted French editions of works by V. Hugo are discussed as well. The author proposes an adaptation of an excerpt from Ivan Vazov's novel Under the Yoke where parts of the text are abridged, individual emblematic parts are supplied with annotations and vocabulary and other redacted sections are presented along with the original.


One of the main difficulties of the operational modal analysis is to deal with underdetermined problems in which the number of sensors is less than the number of active modes. In the last decade, methods based on the PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) decomposition have attracted a lot of attention in the field of modal analysis because it has been proven that these methods can deal with underdetermined cases, as well as the presence of harmonic excitations. Moreover, in combination with kurtosis value as a harmonic indicator, this makes them more efficient in distinguishing between harmonic and structural components. However, it can lead to distorted results as it does not take into account the variation in the length of the covariance functions of the modal coordinates. Since the kurtosis values are estimated from these covariance functions, the length of the latter directly affects the kurtosis. To overcome this limit, the present study proposes to introduce the choice of the length of these functions based on their frequency and damping coefficient. This change improves the existing method by more efficient separating between harmonics and modal components. The proposed procedure is validated using numerical simulations, followed by ambient vibration measurements.


Objective:To study the proliferation and differentiation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma subclones F1 and S1 with different radiosensitivity,and the relationship between them.Methods:The nude mice were transplanted by cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma subclones F1 and S1,and then irradiated by 60 Co.The transplanted tumor growth multiple,size and morphology were observed.Results:Tumor growth multiples showed no significant difference between F1 and S1( P 0.05).Compared with S1,the tumor size decreased significantly,but the morphological parameters such as the nuclear perimeter,nuclear diameter,ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and so on increased remarkably in F1( P 0.01).Conclusion:F1 subclone cells with higher radiosensitivity have smaller size,lager ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and lower differentiation degree in comparison with S1 with lower radiosensitivity.


Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein that plays pivotal roles in the development and function of the brain, but how it activates downstream intracellular signaling is not fully understood. We have recently reported that the highly conserved C‐terminal region (CTR) of Reelin is required for its full signaling activity, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. During biochemical study of Reelin, we serendipitously found that one commercially available anti‐Reelin antibody G20 can bind to CTR‐lacking mutant Reelin proteins, but not wild‐type Reelin, on Western blotting. The G20 epitope resides in the last 19 residues of Reelin‐repeat 8 (RR8), and neither posttranslational modification nor proteolysis can explain this effect. Furthermore, when an unrelated sequence, such as FLAG‐tag, is inserted between RR8 and CTR, the reactivity of the corresponding antibody greatly decreases. These results suggest that RR8 and CTR form a tight structure that makes the surrounding sequence inaccessible to an antibody. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, we show the existence of CTR‐lacking Reelin isoform in vivo for the first time and estimate its contribution to the total amount of secreted Reelin. Importantly, the extent to which Reelin mutants react with G20 is inversely correlated with their signaling activity, indicating that the CTR‐induced structural change of RR8 is a prerequisite for downstream signaling activation, presumably via binding to a certain neuronal membrane molecule(s). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In scientific writing, the author takes the point on the analysis of the effect of sales promotion costs to the clothing and other items in the store Vallike from the beginning in 2002-2006. After doing the calculations, according to the authors the effect of the cost of promotion (consumer and trade promotions) on the sales made by stores Vallike very supportive. The author uses statistical methods using multiple regression and multiple correlation coefficients. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the cost of promotion to sales results, the authors conclude there is a strong and positive relationships. From the known level of closeness of the correlation calculation of the cost of sales promotions on the results is strong and the direction that is equal to 0.98.


This paper aims at two goals. One of them is to investigate the social significances, functions, and roles of the 'phatic communion' that was initiated by B. Malinowski and introduced by R. Jakobson as one of the basic linguistic functions. The other is to show the communicative validities assigned ...


: Gas-fuelled shipping is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Similarly, much effort is devoted to the study of waste heat recovery systems to be implemented on board ships. In this context, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology is considered one of the most promising solutions. The ORC favorably compares to the steam Rankine cycle because of its simple layout and high efficiency, achievable by selecting a working fluid with desirable properties. This paper aims at assessing the fuel savings attainable by implementing ORC units on board vessels powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG). The study compares the performance of six different ORC configurations both in design and off-design operation, and provides guidelines with respect to the most promising heat sources and sinks to be utilized by an ORC unit in order to maximize the annual fuel savings. In addition, this paper describes a novel ORC layout rejecting heat to two heat sinks. The results indicate equivalent fuel savings up to 8.9 % when harvesting heat from the exhaust gases, and that the novel configuration ensures an increment of the ORC design power output up to 41 % when utilizing the jacket cooling water as heat source.


The area where Machine Learning can be helpful in medicine is the prediction of outbreaks. We have seen the importance of outbreak predictions in the past two years. This paper presents an in-depth study of different applications of Machine Learning in medicine. We will discuss Artificial Intelligence based technologies that can prevent future outbreaks and digital diagnoses that are based on Machine Learning, and the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning.


The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intravenous ICI 118.587 (Corwin), a new cardio-selective partial β-agonist. and placebo given q. 12 h for 4 consecutive days, with invasive and noninvasive methods. Twelve patients with mild to moderate cardiac-failure after a myocardial infarction were studied. We could not show any significant effect of Corwin on hemodynamics. systolic time intervals, heart rates, or blood pressures. We conclude that Corwin does not affect left ventricular function, as measured by hemodynamics and systolic time intervals, in the immediate postinfarction period in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.


Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic amine that was designed as an inotropic agent for use in congestive heart failure. Clinically, dobutamine increases cardiac output by selectively augmenting stroke volume, and this is associated with a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance that is mediated, in part, by reflex withdrawal of sympathetic tone to the vasculature. This hemodynamic profile of dobutamine makes the drug of value in the management of low output cardiac failure. The inotropic activity of dobutamine has previously been attributed to selective stimulation of myocardial β1-adrenoceptors. However, recent studies from a number of laboratories indicate that the mechanism of action of dobutamine is substantially more complex. Dobutamine has the capacity to stimulate β1-, β2-, and diadrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system at doses that approximate those used clinically. It has recently been suggested that the inotropic activity of dobutamine results from combined β1- and α1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the myocardium, and that this activity could explain, at least in part, the inotropic selectivity of the compound. Furthermore, in the vasculature, the β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatory effect of dobutamine is exactly offset by the α1- adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstrictor activity, such that net changes in blood pressure are minimal following the administration of dobutamine. It is concluded, therefore, that the hemodynamic profile of dobutamine in patients with congestive heart failure is derived from a unique and complex series of interactions with α- and β-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system.


"Iconic Architecture as War Island." In Great War Island: Desert Fictions [Exhibition], edited by Marko Jobst. Savamala, Belgrade, Serbia: Magacin gallery, 8 July 2017. Belgrade is currently undergoing a deeply problematic regeneration project along one of the banks of the Sava, known under the brand name 'Belgrade Waterfront'. It is the result of a courtship between the Serbian government under Serbian Progressive Party and Eagle Hills, an Abu Dhabi-based developer. Belgrade Waterfront epitomises a form of global investment project of dubious aims and problematic methods of implementation, and the current design solution represents a poorly thought-through imposition of a new quarter onto a complex urban area, disregarding its infrastructural, contextual and economic character. It is, in other words, an injection of global corporate capital into the fabric of the city as if it were tabula rasa, and invokes the conceptual paradigms of desert cities and artificial islands. A few hundreds of metres north of the limits of Belgrade Waterfront, at the confluence of the Sava with the Danube, lies Great War Island. A natural island formed over millennia through silt deposits, it is largely uninhabited and enjoys a protected status as a nature reserve. In 1948 its soil was considered for the building of New Belgrade, but the island proved resilient: the rivers kept redistributing the material they carry and re-forming the island. Its name, on the other hand, is derived from the use it was put to on a number of occasions throughout Belgrade's turbulent history, as a site from which to shell Kalemegdan fortress, an act performed both by external forces and those involved in the national uprisings of the 19th century. As such, it is a 'desert' island of peculiar nature and history, and remains emblematic yet rarely considered as a metaphorical, as well as literal, vantage point onto Belgrade. The conceptual framework for this project is based on two points of departure: the notion of literary fictions as mode of architectural and theoretical research, and Gilles Deleuze's short text 'Desert Islands' from 1952, where he develops a series of propositions for the concept of a desert island derived from literary examples. Deleuze's question regarding the fictions humanity creates in recasting desert islands as the 'second origin' of the world is core to this project's premise. My exhibit was one of a series of illustrated texts by architects and artists 'deposited' onto the conceptual territory that is Great War Island. If global corporate capitalism is currently in the process of injecting its own material traces into the fabric of Belgrade as if operating on a desert island, what would be the critical, creative and above all fictional interventions that we as practitioners, writers and educators might wish to inject - with equal bravado perhaps - into the peculiar island territory that lies at the confluence of these two European rivers?


The inverse design is a contemporary novel modern design method and it can provide strong theoretical support for composite materials. The GMDH-NN and Kriging surrogate models are carried out to construct the transfer relations between input variables and output responses by combining finite element analysis and sensitivity analysis. In view of the objective existence of random uncertainties, structural mechanical behaviors of composite are considered as deterministic and uncertainty responses respectively, and then the corresponding optimization mathematical models are constructed. Meanwhile, genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve the presented inverse optimization design. Furthermore, several examples of laminated and 2D-woven composite materials are delivered to show that presented procedures are reliable and effective to obtain the dispersive of input parameters, which are of great significance in practical engineering.


This article presents a class-C quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) based on two identical Class-C oscillators coupled by the 4th harmonic and the QVCO was implemented in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M process technology. Compared to conventional parallel-coupled QVCO, the proposed QVCO can achieve low phase noise and wide tuning range. The proposed QVCO operates from 2.58GHz to 3.25GHz. The measured phase noise at 1MHz offset frequency is −128.8dBc/Hz and the measured phase error of quadrature signals is 0.45° at the oscillation frequency 2.58GHz. With 1V power supply, the power consumption is 4mW. The figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed QVCO is −191dBc/Hz, and the FOMt is −198.2 dBc/Hz. The die area is 1197μm × 595μm.


Using Tris-HCl to extract the loach cecropin and SephadexG-50 to filtration chromatograhpy the MIC of loach cecropin to the Aeromonas hydrophila,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus were reflected through the micro-determination.The results showed as follows:the MIC of the loach cecropin to the Aeromonas hydrophila,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus were 0.195,3.125,12.5μg/μL,which had the better antibacterial activity.


In this paper we propose a genetic algorithm for optimal stratigraphical division using multi-parameter well-log data.The algorithm incorporates the Fisher optimal division and edge detection methods into genetic searching in order to find out rapidly from a well a group of division boundaries that satisfy an optimization criterion.The optimization criterion involves the following steps:After a well(or a segment of it)is divided into a group of subsections,the total in-subsection deviation of the multi-parameter log data is minimized.Then the total inter-subsection deviation of the data is maximized,and the boundary points are to the largest extent singular points in log curves.This criterion is used to formulate the fitness function in our genetic algorithm.In the algorithm,logging measurement points are taken as genes,and groups of ordered measurement points as chromosomes;Genetic strategies of tournament selection,catastrophic mutation,Monte Carlo sampling crossover,and elitist reservation are adopted.We test the method on a geologically well-studied well which penetrates the deep-buried Mesozoic strata in Jiyang depression,Shandong,China.It is shown that,using log data alone,our method obtains stratigrahic division results that are geologically sound.Meanwhile the method proves far faster than an ordinary Fisher optimal division method in computation.We conclude that our method is highly applicable in statratigraphic division studies in areas such as Jiyang depression,where the interested strata is deep-buried,with scarce relevant well cores,poor seismic resolution,and abundant log data.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C6H2F3CNSSN, containing two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, was determined from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data using a global optimisation model building method and confirmed using rigid-body Rietveld refinement; the asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules linked through intermolecular S···S contacts at 3.25 and 3.30 A.


A new species of Ophiuroidea belonging to the genus Ophionereis Lutken, 1859 is collected from the
intertidal region under coral stones at Port Blair, Andamans. It is described as a new species O. andamanensis
after its region of collection. Notes on the colour in live condition and also habits are given in
the paper.


When dealing with small cohorts, as is typical in elite sport, the well-known four-step 'sequence of prevention' described by van Mechelen  et al 1 (figure 1) potentially represents a vicious circle: When introducing a prevention measure, an otherwise reasonable call for targeting specific subgroups (ie, relevant groups of athletes, injury locations and specific injury causes) may undermine study power, breaking down an already-small baseline cohort into undersized pieces. Consequently, statistical testing becomes impossible.

Figure 1
The four-step 'sequence of prevention' as described by van Mechelen  et al .1

To illustrate the problem we (1) discuss a recently implemented preventive measure in alpine ski racing as an example, (2) highlight the influence of sample size and effect size on study power and the possibility for statistical hypothesis testing and (3) provide a solution to increase study power for comparable injury prevention initiatives in elite sports.

In elite alpine ski racing, we recently tested potential preventive measures (eg, ski equipment changes) that target a specific body part (eg, knee/ACL injuries),2 their specific mechanisms (eg, aggressive ski–snow interaction driven by the skiing equipment)3 4 and specific disciplines (eg, different ski alterations in downhill, super-G and giant slalom).5 Based on this research process,6 the International Ski Federation (FIS) introduced new equipment rules for the 2012–2013 season.

The effect of these changes was assessed by repeating step 1 …


This talk deals with the link dimensioning process for IP traffic and presents a still incomplete framework, giving directions to find appropriate, scenario-specific dimensioning models. We analyze the dimensioning problem for different network and technology scenarios, and summarize important decision variables and design models in form of a decision tree. One part of the material is taken from recent publications, while the other represents the outcome of our own studies. For the case of IP access networks with elastic traffic, the applicability of our theoretical model is validated by simulations.


President Alberto Fujimori created the Peruvian social Fund (FONCODES) in 1991 with the stated objectives of generating employment, helping to alleviate poverty, and improving access to social services. The author uses province-level data on monthly expenditures, socio-economic indicators, and electoral outcomes to analyze political influences on the timing and geographic distribution of FONCODES expenditures between 1991 and 1995. He finds that: 1) FONCODES expenditures increased significantly before elections. 2) FONCODES projects were directed at poor provinces, as well as provinces in which the marginal political impact of expenditures was likely to be greatest. The results are robust to many specifications and controls. The Peruvian data thus support predictions made in the literature on political business cycle as well the literature on political influences on the allocation of discretionary funds.


The e-gum juice was added during the brewing procedure of soy sauce to develop e-gum soy sauce.It provided an additional function of immune health care based on its intrinsic nutrition.Besides,it could also add to the variety of soybean sauce.


Robert Root-Bernstein is a post-doctoral fellow in Theories in Biology at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego 92138. He received his A.B. in biochemistry and his Ph.D. in history of science from Princeton University, where he also taught biology. He has been the recipient of several prizes and fellowships for scholarship, including a MacArthur Prize Fellowship (1981-86). Dr. Root-Bernstein is the author or co-author of many articles, including, recently, a chapter in Evolution and Creationism (Ashley Montagu, ed., The University Press, Oxford, England, 1982). Donald McEachron is a doctoral student at the University of California, San Diego and a biology laboratory technician with the Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego 92117. He received his B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, where he received honors in behavior genetics and general scholarship. Mr. McEachron has also co-' authored a number of articles and papers, and holds memberships in several professional organizations such as the Animal Behavior Society, AAAS, AIBS, and the Society for the Study of Evolution. In recent years, a controversy has developed in the United States over the teaching of evolutionism and creationism in the public schools. The controversy, while nominally a scientific one, also has philosophical, historical, religious, and legal implications as well. Since some twenty state legislatures or courts are presently considering or have considered legislation and lawsuits concerning the controversy, we believe that it is in the best interest of the voting public to be informed of the issues. We believe that there are four basic issues: 1) What is a scientific theory? 2) What is. a religious belief? 3) Who has the right to decide these issues? 4) How does one's answers to the previous three questions affect one's view on whether evolutionism and creationism are scientific and should be taught in public schools. Very briefly, a controversy has arisen between evolutionists and creationists because they disagree on all four basic issues. Evolutionists generally believe: 1) that evolutionism is a valid scientific theory, whereas creationism is not; 2) that evolutionism is not a religious belief, whereas creationism is; and 3) that the validity of a religious belief should be decided by religious believers. In consequence, evolutionists conclude 4) that since evolutionism is a valid scientific theory, it should be taught in the public schools; whereas, since creationism is not a scientific theory, it should not be taught as science in the public schools.


The dynamic decay adjustment (DDA) algorithm is a fast constructive algorithm for training RBF neural networks. This paper proposes a method for improving RBF-DDA generalization performance by adjusting the weights of the connections between hidden and output units. The method proposed here has been evaluated on three optical character recognition datasets from the UCI repository. The results show that the proposed method considerably improves performance of RBF-DDA in these tasks without increasing the size of the networks. The results are compared to MLP, k-NN, AdaBoost and SVM results reported in the literature. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms MLP and AdaBoost and obtains results comparable to k-NN and SVM on these datasets.


In order to improve the ability of condition monitoring and fault diagnostic system,a hybrid intelligent diagnostic system based on multilevel flow model(MFM) and information fusion was proposed.This method utilized information fusion technique to improve the rapidness and veracity of fault diagnosis,and made use of MFM to explain the alarm propagation path,which could enhance the comprehension of diagnostic result.The emulation test proves that the hybrid intelligent diagnostic system can identify fault and propose the alarm analysis quickly.


Can a theory of intergenerational justice make any sense? This is the key question addressed by Beckerman and Pasek's new book. In the first section, they claim that since future people do not currently exist, they cannot have moral rights now. Moreover, the fact that they could have rights in the future does not suffice to justify imposing on us obligations toward them. Thus, whatever moral obligations we may have to future people cannot rest on correlative rights. Admittedly, Beckerman and Pasek do not deny that "we have a moral obligation to take account of the interests of future generations in our policies" (p. 28). However, since future generations' interests cannot be protected by rights, they do "not possess 'trumping value' over those of the present generations" (p. 108). Moreover, given their view that obligations of justice are necessarily right-based, our moral duties to future people can only be of a humanitarian nature. Their argument is problematic in at least two respects. First, if future interests can command current obligations, why not future rights? Second, because they are concerned with "what are our moral obligations to future generations, not what we would like to do for them anyway" (p. 15), Beckerman and Pasek claim that we need to abstract from the case of overlapping generations. But if we disagree with their reason for focusing on nonoverlapping generations, the fact that members of the next generation might have rights against us while we still exist changes the picture. For it allows us to develop a full right-based theory of justice between generations relying on a chain of overlapping cohorts of rightsand obligations holders. Not only do Beckerman and Pasek deny that we have obligations of justice to future people. They also maintain that each of the theories of justice that they then examine is flawed on its substance. First, they look into Barry's and Rawls's theories of intergenerational justice. To focus on the latter, they agree with Rawls that a key obligation toward future generations consists in transferring to them just institutions. They claim however that the substantive obligations advocated by Rawls beyond this are both too unprecise and mutually inconsistent. However, their analysis here is too short. For Rawls's different principles apply to different stages. During an accumulation phase, generations are being asked to adopt a positive savings rate. And once steady state has been reached, a mere prohibition on dissavings applies. An interesting discussion on the value of equality between remote generations follows. It is rightly pointed out that some instrumental justifications of equalization do not apply when we are dealing with nonoverlapping generations. This is the case with envy reduction and the avoidance of inequality-motivated violence. Beckerman and Pasek go as far as claiming that none of the instrumental justifications of equality apply in such context. Since they also argue that the


Natural resources damage is estimated according to the amount of fines calculated per ton of oil spilled in water bodies, on soils or evaporated into the atmosphere (volatile oil hydrocarbons) (Table 1). Ecosystem damage is estimated according to the rate of decomposition of oil in soils, the period of time required for natural restoration of land plant communities, and benthic fauna biodiversity (Table 2). Socio-economic damage is estimated according to location of residence of ethnic minorities of the North life style (Table 3). The map, covering the area from the western border of Russia to longitude 110° east (Lake Baikal), is presented (Figure 1).


Insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1(IGF-1R) is the receptor cascade effect molecules of IGF signaling pathways in the hypothalamus-pituitary-growth hormone axis.In recent years, IGF-1R gene mutation of short stature case reports increased year by year, now the progress of IGF-1R gene defects in short stature for clinicians was summarized.

Key words:
Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor; Short stature; Growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis; Insulin-like growth factor pathway


This theoretical paper aimed at investigating EFL teachers' roles generally and the Jordanian EFL teachers' roles particularly. Recently, EFL teachers' roles became more complex. The essential roles of EFL teachers directly or indirectly are diverse, but the traditional role of the teacher is to teach. . There are main roles for EFL teachers that should be taken into account, in parallel with the educational role. These roles are inferred, such as social, moral, and academic roles. It is inevitable to have a brief look at such crucial roles, not only about teaching English, but also the various aspects or contributions in society that EFL teachers offer and shape in a way or another. Consequently, EFL teacher' role in society, in education and in curriculum, whether designing, planning, or assessing are all unavoidable when discussing such roles with different challenges that hinder EFL teachers from achieving their various roles. These challenges should be presented and discussed then they should be solved by different suggested solutions.


The Joseon people of the higher social stratum were much concerned about instituting the patriarchal family and establishing the order of kinship from the beginning of the dynasty. Adoption was one example of their efforts to settle down the family succession without much difficulties. In Danseong area of the Gyeongsang province the case of the adoption for family succession could be traced early in the 16th century. However, this new custom was yet to be instituted for the mighty clans until 17th century, and for the rest of the Yangban class until 18th century. Thus, from the 19th century onward, the failure of family succession became very exceptional among the general Yangban class. The adoption for family succession was soon diffused to the people from the middle class who were relatively close to the Yangban class through blood and who could afford another family member. The commoners and the lower class, on the other hand, were not able to follow this new family culture both in social and economic conditions. They needed two strategies: one is to elevate their social position by promoting their Jikyeok(occupational classification), and another is to imitate or adapt the family culture of the Yangban class. The matrimonial process or the successional procedures of the Yangban class was diffused to some of the lower class, and they also adapted the adoption for family succession from the late 18th century onward. The overall soaring number of the adopted sons in the early 19th century was also partly contributed by the adaptation of the adoption by the lower class. In conclusion, the patriarchal family order, which the Yangban class had been institutionalizing for a long period of time, was introduced to some of the lower class who had been successful in obtaining higher social status in the late 18th century, and then the patriarchal family order was gradually spread to the general Korean family system in the 19th century and beyond.


Cost studies of building seek to ensure the efficient use of available resources to the industry, and to increase the rate of growth of construction work in the most efficient manner. Cost studies are then followed by a process of cost analysis, cost planning and cost control, which must be monitored and managed in such a way that deviations from the plan are detected and corrected in time so that objectives can be met and met on time and within budget (Ashworth A. 1994). The construction project consists of the physical components: the structure, the mechanical and electrical systems, and the architectural finishes. To guide him, the construction manager must know the estimate of costs, the plans and specifications defining the materials to be used, and the proper assembly of the materials (J.D Borcheding, 1977). The objective of this study is to establish the method of cost estimating for building construction. The data were collected through questionnaire survey. The result of the present study shows that the most popular estimating methods are approximate quantity (ranking number 1), elemental estimating (ranking number 2), resource analysis (ranking number 3), financial method (ranking number 4), superficial (ranking number 5) and unit method (ranking number 6). The degree of accuracy will very much depend on the type of information provided to the quantity surveyor in addition to the quality of his pricing information.


BACKGROUND
Long-term effectiveness of physiotherapy (PT) for low back pain (LBP) depends on the adherence of patients. Objectives: (1) Identify aspects associated with the adherence of patients with LBP to physiotherapy, and (2) identify factors to facilitate adherence of patients with LBP to PT.

METHOD
Focus group interviews were conducted with 10 patients with LBP (n = 10, 5 women) and 11 physiotherapists (5 women) from Germany and Switzerland, treating patients with LBP. Data analysis was based on structured content analysis. Deductive and inductive categories were identified and coded.

RESULTS
Patients with LBP requested more and effective home programs, long-term rehabilitation management, and individualized therapy to achieve a higher level of adherence. Physiotherapists requested more time for patient education. Communication, quality of the therapist-patient relationship, and individualized therapy were identified as essential factors by both representatives.

CONCLUSION
Patients and physiotherapists identified aspects contributing to adherence. These may guide the development of multidimensional measurement tools for adherence. In addition, this information can be used to develop PT approaches to facilitate the level of adherence.


Dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors are expected to deliver therapeutic benefit in many hematological and solid tumors, but their clinical application has been limited by tolerability issues, including thrombocytopenia. AZD4320, a potent dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, showed good efficacy but encountered dose limiting cardiovascular toxicity in preclinical species, and had challenging physicochemical properties which prevented its clinical development. Nanocarriers can provide prolonged circulation time, controlled release, tumor accumulation and retention. Consequently, they have been explored to improve the therapeutic index of small molecules in oncology. This work describes the design and development of AZD0466, a novel drug-dendrimer conjugate, where AZD4320 is chemically conjugated to Starpharma9s DEP® dendrimer platform, a 5-generation PEGylated poly-lysine dendrimer via a hydrolytically labile linker. Release of AZD4320 is through hydrolytic cleavage of the linker, which is characterized by a "release half-life", defined as the time to release 50% of the active moiety. This release half-life can be modified through linker design. Initially, three drug-dendrimer conjugates with a range of AZD4320 release half-lives (from 1.7 h to 217 h) were synthesized and efficacy was investigated in C.B-17 SCID mice bearing RS4;11 tumors while cardiovascular parameters and tolerance were assessed in a telemetered rat model. A mathematical model was developed and used to optimize the desired release rate of the active moiety, AZD4320, from the dendrimer conjugate for maximal therapeutic index in terms of preclinical anti-tumor efficacy and cardiovascular profile. Based on this modeling, AZD0466, with a release half-life of 25.5 h, was synthesized and selected for further in vivo efficacy and tolerability assessment. Efficacy studies in the RS4;11 xenograft model showed similar efficacy to AZD4320, while cardiovascular studies in rat and dog demonstrated that AZD0466 was tolerated at doses of active-moiety that are more than ten-fold higher. In addition, it can be easily formulated for intravenous administration due to significantly enhanced solubility. The AZD4320-dendrimer conjugate, AZD0466, identified in this study has resulted in an improved therapeutic index and enabled progression of this promising Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor into clinical development. Citation Format: Marianne B. Ashford, Srividya B. Balachander, Lorraine Graham, Iain Grant, Francis D. Gibbons, Kathryn J. Hill, Alexander R. Harmer, Sonya Gales, Sean Redmond, Brian Kelly, William McCoull, Shenghua Wen, Martin Wild, Eric Gangl, David J. Owen, Barry R. Davies. Design and optimization of a dendrimer-conjugated dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, AZD0466, with improved therapeutic index [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1718.


Class 2 AVO responses from elastic gas-charged reservoirs, which produce dim spots in the stacked section, are difficult to identify, process and interpret. This is mainly due to their reflection amplitude being weak, yielding a low signalto-noise ratio, and their possible polarity reversal, which make velocity analysis difficult. The aim of this paper is two fold. First, we show how pre-processing can be improved for such cases. In addition, we show that, in general, AVO inversion is preferable to stacking for producing a final section, especially when any post-processing using amplitude information is required.


With today's computer performance one is able to enhance simulations for quasi-optical mode converters to three dimensions. In a single step it is possible to calculate the behavior of launcher and mirrors using the electric field integral equation. In this paper we show the feasibility and first results.


Data-driven simulation models can be used for optimal control and decision making in building systems only if they are developed accurately and reliably. An unsolved issue pertains to the data collected from BEMS that generally contain errors owing to sensors, malfunctioning systems, and other unknown reasons. These anomalies generally occur in a multidimensional space and cannot be easily detected. Unfortunately, these anomalies can prevent the simulation model from being accurate, reliable, and scalable. This paper presents an automatic anomaly detection method using a support vector data description (SVDD). The data obtained from a compression chiller in a real office building were classified into raw and filtered datasets based on SVDD. Two artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed (ANNraw and ANNSVDD). Based on the comparison between the two ANNs, the ANNSVDD is found to be better than ANNraw in terms of the model reliability and reproducibility. It is also interesting that the model accuracy differences between the two ANN models are marginal. However, the accuracy of the two ANN models can be improved as long as they are tested against filtered data by SVDD. The improvements in accuracy signify the importance of the elimination of these anomalies.


A number of navigation functions are performed on terrain navigation Space. One function is to define a dynamic dangerous Zone based on flight altitude by locating and aggregating a set of nodes of terrain height over a minimum flight altitude. Algorithms Such as collision check, moun tainous area boundary and region growing techniques are developed as basic operations for this terrain model. In addition, a visibility graph approach for dynamic route Selection may be adapted to reduce the real-time computa tional requirements. This approach reduces the Size of the Search Space by establishing a partial visibility graph of terrain and avoids details of the terrain, which do not influence the choice of flight path, independent of the size of the navigation Space. By exploiting the multiple and variable resolution properties of Oct-tree terrain models, a Series of CFIT warning functions using terrain data as reference are implemented efficiently with existing on-board terrain data


This work paper is about the measurement of cross cutting by milling laminated solid wood witch requires some drilling conditions. The scientific work has treated different aspects of the milling process. This values characterizing the values of the dynamic parameters. The specific cutting work represents a main factor to determining the values of power and cutting forces in milling. Also it characterizes the specific energy consumption for cutting.


Abstract This research is motivated by the development of technology and industry had implications for human life, especially the business world. Purchasing decision becomes an important thing to note because it would be a consideration of how a marketing strategy that will be done by the next company. Someone marketers must master many things that can affect the buyers and develop an understanding of how exactly a consumer to make a decision. As for the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of factors, the influence of sub-culture and social class influence on purchase decisions in store for souvenirs and embroidered Silungkang Nelvi Ratulangi Padang. Object under investigation is the consumers who buy souvenirs and embroidery shop Silungkang Nelvi Ratulangi in Padang. The population in this study is consumers who buy souvenirs and embroidery shop Silungkang Nelvi Ratulangi in Padang. This research will use the minimum sample size was 80 respondents. Techniques used in sampling is purposive sample. From the results, it can be concluded that the cultures, sub-cultures and social classes significant positive effect on purchase decisions in store Silungkang Nelvi Ratulangi Padang. Keywords: Cultural Factors, Purchasing Crafts and embroidery


With academic curricula for architectural education increasingly packed with new and expanding fields of inquiry, questions emerge on how to incorporate the ever-growing number of subjects that tackle the use of computational tools for design and delivery. This paper analyses approaches to blended learning under a semi-flipped classroom model where learning content gets divided into complementary in-class and online components. The author describes the epistemological challenges in curating the blended-learning mix and discusses ways to optimise learning outcomes while minimising the effort for custom content-development of training material. Two subjects taught at the author's home institution (one in Computational Design and the other for BIM education) serve as case studies to test the flipped classroom approach and to derive feedback from students about their preferred method of delivery.


The number and nature of bleeding complications subsequent to cardiac catheterization and angiography were determined in 50 anticoagulated and 50 control patients. There were six bleeding complications in the anticoagulated group and five in the control group. Although the complications were somewhat more severe in anticoagulated patients, the difference was not enough to justify a change in our general policy of continuing anticoagulant treatment in patients with artificial heart valves who are admitted for postoperative invasive cardiac investigations.


The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis (family Lamiaceae) and Juniperus Phoenicea (family Cupressaceae) were determined. Their essential oil was determined by hydro-distillation, analysed by GC/MS and GC-FID. The analyses for leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis resulted in the identification of twenty three compounds, representing 63.81% of the total oil and the yields were 0.54%. The major component was α-pinene (18.25%); other predominant components were camphor (6.02%), 1.8-cineole (5.25%), camphene (5.02%), β-pinene (4.58%), bornylacetate (4.35%), limonene (3.56%), borneol (3.10%), α-terpineol (2.89%) and cymene (2.02%). Twenty tree compounds were identified in leaves oil of Juniperus phoenicea representing 81.87% of the total oil composition. The yield of essential oil was 1.62% and the major compound in aerial parts was α-pinene (49.15%) followed by α-phyllandrene (7.39%), mycene (5.24%), β-pinene (3.58%), linalool (2.54%), piperitone (1.56%), γ-terpinene (1.28%), Trans-pinocarveole (1.23%) ρ-cymene (1.10%), α terpineol (1.02%) and γ-cardinene (1.01%).


The paper presents a low-cost method (no extra LDO, Op-amp) to increase the PSRR of composite pair based temperature sensor. Composite pair is a commonly used circuit to generate a linear PTAT voltage for a wide temperature range. A 180° phase shift, voltage biasing technique is introduced at the gate of the NMOS transistor to obtain a supply independent bias current in composite pair. The proposed technique thus achieves a high supply noise rejection. The circuit as a whole does not require additional circuitry, therefore it saves power and area. A 6$\mu$W Temperature sensor with 1mV/°c slope is designed in TSMC 180nm technology and achieves PSRR of -80dB. Post-layout simulation results show that the temperature sensor achieves inaccuracy of ±0.1°C from −55°C to 125°C, PSRR of −80dB at 105Hz and -70dB at 200kHz at 1V power supply, and the line regulation of 0.016%/V in a supply voltage range of 1V to 2.5V. Monte-Carlo simulation result for the output PSRR shows −80.56dB as the mean-value with a maximum deviation of ±1.5dB.


Compared with planar IGBT, trench gate IGBT has obviously improved the balance between on-state loss and switching loss and is more suitable to be used in the low-medium voltage and high frequency application field. Aiming at the challenges of the trench gate process include the trench etch processing, gate oxidation, poly filling etc., it researched and developed a series of key processes of trench gate IGBT and then obtained good trench etch profile, an excellent gate oxidation method and good uniformity and integrality of poly filling by amorphous poly doping. With the improved process method, the trench gate IGBT chips had good electrical performances, especially on gate oxidation charactersistic. It passed both static and dynamic tests at high temperature, and reflected obvious advantages at Vceon and power loss when compared to planar IGBT.


A simpleFASTBUS multiplesegmentarchitecture has beenimplemented. Data transfer ratesfrom the front end segmentsof up to 5 Mwords/sechave been measured. The implementation requires a LeCroy1821 SM/Imoduleanditsaccessory 1821/ECLinterface card ineachfrontendsegmentanda LeCroy1892FASTBUS memory in the MASTER segment.Data transfer does not requireintervention by the HOST. Front end segmentcontrolisprovided by theSM/Iportof the 1892.Each 1892 can controlup to 16 frontend segments.


A new technique for Si wafer bending is developed for making a 3D micro optical bench (MOB). This method has freedom in the bending angle by changing the jig. This in combination with the usual machining technique eliminates the complex micromachining process, taking advantage of the 3D structure.


The parallel coil magnet tracer technique is a new method for in situ monitoring of bed load transport. The method requires part of the bed load to be magnetized. Many drainage basins which contain igneous or metamorphic rocks will provide enough bed load material of adequate natural magnetic field intensities such that the method can be used in many regions of the world. The novel design of the detector system, in conjunction with high sensitivity data acquisition and a fast recording system, offers features such as pebble street detection, determination of the actual pebble velocity and estimation of the size of the particles in motion.


http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/11/825.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/11/825.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 36 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting box at the top right corner of the online article. Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up in the Topic collections (109 articles) Football (soccer)  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined thoracoscopic and semi-laminectomy for the treatment of thoracic spinal canal dumbbell-shaped tumor.Method:Six patients complicated with thoracic spinal canal dumbbell-shaped tumor experienced combined thoracoscopic and semi-laminectomy between July 2007 and January 2009.There were 4 males and 2 females with an average age of 35.5 years(range,25 to 63 years).The clinical outcome was evaluated and the status of tumor excision as well as effect on spine stability were also assessed by MRI during follow up.Result:Complete tumor excision was performed in all cases with no death noted.The average surgical time was 3.8h(range,3 to 5h).The average blood loss was 130ml(range,80 to 300ml).All skin excision healed well,with no case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and chest cavity infection.Parthenogenesis included neurilemmoma(5 cases) and meningioma(1 case).All patients had clinical symptoms improved.Thoracodorsal pain disappeared in all cases,2 of 3 cases with spinal cord compression preoperatively had neurofunction improved completely,while another case had muscle strength of lower limbs recovered to level 4+.No tumor recurrence and spine instability was noted in 2-years follow-up.Conclusion:Combined thoracoscopic and semi-laminectomy indicated for thoracic spinal canal dumbbell-shaped tumor is feasible and safety.


Reliable prediction of potential structural damage caused by tunneling-induced ground movements is a very important factor in assessing the environmental impacts and costs of urban soft ground tunnel projects. Conventional practice relies on prior empirical data to estimate ground movements for "greenfield" conditions (no structures present) and then evaluates the effects of these displacements on overlying structures. This approach can be highly conservative (i.e., grossly overestimates the potential structural damage), imposing unrealistic or unnecessary constraints on the tunnel design or leading to unrealistic estimates for remedial costs. The alternative approach is based on predictions from non-linear finite element analyses that are highly sensitive to modeling of stress changes caused by tunnel construction and soil behavior. A recent design procedure presented by Potts and Addenbrooke (1997) has been used to evaluate effects of soilstructure interaction in the construction of the Jubilee Line Extension project in London. Their procedure uses simplified 2D FE models and simulates an overlying structure as a deep elastic beam (with equivalent axial and bending stiffness) with soil properties typical of conditions in London clay. This thesis provides an independent assessment of the results presented by Potts and Addenbrooke (P&A). Underlying assumptions regarding the ground loss at the tunnel cavity, the initial Ko stress state, the modeling of soil behavior and drainage conditions are all examined using the non-linear 2-D FE program Plaxis. Although these analyses confirm some key findings, such as the linearity between ground loss and centerline surface settlement, they also show that the initial Ko value, drainage conditions and modeling of non-linear soil stiffness are all important factors in predicting the ground movements. Analyses using the Hardening soil model are successful in replicating the modification factors proposed by P&A for modeling effects of soil-structure interaction for a shallow tunnel in London clay. Although it is not possible to develop generic design methods for different ground conditions, the P&A design procedure offers a logical methodology that can be applied with other site-specific soil profiles. Further research is needed to address the underlying uncertainties in modeling 3-D stress changes around advancing tunnel headings for different methods of construction. Thesis Supervisor: Andrew J. Whittle Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Effects of existingsurface structures on tunneling induced settlements MEng 2001 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS p. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 SUGGESTED DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS FOR THE DEFORMATION OF FOUNDATIONS 2 1.3 GROUND MOVEMENT DUE TO TUNNELING 5 1.4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BUILDING DAMAGE 9 1.5 THE CONCEPT OF LIMITING TENSILE STRAIN 11 1.6 STRAINS IN SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BEAMS DESIGN CURVES FOR DAMAGE 13 1.7 EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS DUE TO SUBSIDENCE 19 1.8. PROTECTIVE MEASURES 21 CHAPTER 2 THE APPROACH OF POTTS AND ADDENBROOKE ON THE INFLUENCE OF A STRUCTURE ON TUNNELING INDUCED GROUND MOVEMENTS 2.


If you don't really know who Kevin Butler is, he's a fictional marketing character used by Sony Computer Entertaiment America since 2009. to promote various campaigns by Sony USA. His portrayal of the Sony's Vice President was very well recieved by customers, and after Kevin had fictionally quit his Job at Sony, they decided to…


Abstract This paper aims at making an assessment of the performance of the large eddy simulation (LES) method in simulating the complex vortical flow in a Francis hydraulic turbine. Firstly the principle of the LES method is presented. Then, three-dimensional turbulent flow of the Francis turbine under selected condition is simulated using the LES method with the Smagorinsky-Lilly model. In the hydraulic turbine, pressure distribution, vortex structures and other flow information are captured, from which the low pressure area beside the suction side of the blade and vortex structure in the draft tube can be seen clearly. Compared with the results from both experiments and simulations by the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method with the k-E turbulent model, the LES results are proven to be more accurate in predicting the overall performance and interior flow characteristics of Francis hydraulic turbine. This work attempts to apply the LES method to simulate the flow field in the flow passages of the whole runner, cone, elbow and diffuser, thereby obtaining the instantaneous characteristics of hydro-turbine, including the pressure distribution, vorticity field and streamlines.


Quantum mechanics is an exquisitely well-verified theory of how our physical world operates at a microscopic level. However, it presents us with two very deep puzzles: one of interpretation and one of explanation. First, there is the question of how to interpret its equations. Although there are dozes on different interpretations of the equations of quantum mechanics, every mainstream interpretation appears problematic. Second, there is the much deeper – and less well-understood – question of not just interpreting its equations, but of explaining why the world is quantum mechanical, that is, why the world operates according to such bizarre laws of nature. For, make no mistake about it, quantum mechanics is bizarre. According to quantum mechanics, microscopic objects such as electrons: A. Simultaneously have the properties of particles and of waves (wave-particle duality), B. Can effect one another instantaneously across arbitrarily large distances (quantum entanglement), C. Exist in many different states – different locations, different spins – all at once (quantum superposition), D. Come to occupy determinate states only when measured (wave-function collapse), such that, finally, E. Where a given object (e.g. electron) will be measured to be can, in principle, only be predicted probabilistically prior to measurement (quantum indeterminacy). It is commonly recognized, both in physics and the philosophy of physics, that we have no idea why the world has these features.This paper provides a unified explanation of quantum phenomena using the new model of reality that Marcus Arvan proposes and defends in his recent article, "A New Theory of Free Will." Arvan proposes, in a nutshell, that our reality is structurally identical to an ordinary peer-to-peer (P2P) networked computer simulation. The present paper explains in more detail precisely what a P2P simulation is, and then, how all of the above quantum phenomena inevitably emerge from the structure of any P2P simulation. §1 explains the P2P Hypothesis in detail. §2 then shows how it explains quantum superposition and wave-function collapse (§2.1.), quantum indeterminacy (§2.2.), wave-particle duality (§2.3.), and quantum entanglement (§2.4.).


The sensor nodes used in wireless body area networks are resource constrained, having limited battery power and memory capacity. Hence, they are not capable of running more complex algorithm to ensure the security. Therefore, designing a light-weight protocol for wireless body area networks which aims to provide maximum security with resource-constrained devices is a tough challenge. In this paper, we propose a light weight biometric-based anonymous authentication technique between the user and the application server in WBAN which preserves the patient's privacy as well as achieves mutual authentication. In addition, we have given an informal cryptanalysis which ensures that the proposed technique resists different well known attacks.


The overwhelming amount of household solid waste generated daily is alarming, and this contributes to the rise in pollution and drastic climate change. In such a context, automated waste classification at the initial stage of disposal can be an effective solution to separate recyclable items. Convolutional Neural Networks based on deep learning are often used for automated waste classification, but however, research works are limited to insufficient categories of waste such as the TrashNet dataset consisting of 2,527 images and 6 categories of waste. This dataset does not include other important categories such as battery, biological, and clothing items to reflect real-life environmental problems. Therefore, in this paper, a larger dataset consisting of 15,515 images and 12 categories of common household solid waste was used to evaluate the performance of DenseNet121, DenseNet169, EfficientNetB0, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and Xception Convolutional Neural Network models. Data augmentation was applied to solve the problem of class imbalance, and findings of my first research showed that the Xception model compiled with Adam optimiser outperformed all other models with an accuracy of 88.77% and an F1-score of 0.89. The performance of the model was improved to 89.57% with an F1-score of 0.90 when compiled with Nadam optimiser. However, further experimentation showed that the model did not generalise well despite reaching an accuracy of 93.42% and an F1-score of 0.93 when trained without data augmentation. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model for real-life environmental problems.


In the communication world, each and every individual belongs different types of communication modes to establish their data transmission needs around globe. Most preferable and well known communication medium is a Wireless Communication Mode, which provides stability and standardization to users to make their communication perfect. However, the communication lacking occurs due to low-latency and energy oriented issues, which indirectly affects the overall network throughput and it leads the overall network lifetime to low. So, there is a necessity to introduce a new algorithm to produce a stabilized platform to satisfy the user's communication needs with proper Quality-of-Service (QoS) norms. A new system is introduced, which is helpful to achieve high throughput and energy efficient communication between clusters by using fuzzy laws. In this system, Genetic Algorithm is used to generate Optimized Solutions with high Accuracy as well as it is used to reduce number of handovers by means of identify the energy level of each member nodes and design the pathway for communication according to that. And if dynamically generates the Node Analyzer (NA) for identifying the best nodes for communication and using that way the communication is established. The main concept in the proposed approach is achieved by means of designing a new algorithm called "Fuzzy Logic based Handover Decision Algorithm (FLHDA)", which provides better efficiency by means of integrating the following three different approaches such asFuzzification Stage, Fuzzy Inference Stage andDeffuzification Stage. For all the entire proposed approach guarantees that the outcome assures the Quality-of-Service, which is achieved by means of enhanced throughput, minimized end to end delay and energy improvements with less consumption strategies.


ACS Announcements ● Celebrate Earth Day 2006 with ACS Publications: "Dig into" selected research on soil and plant science from Environmental Science & Technology, the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, the Journal of Natural Products, and the Journal of Proteome Research. ● Most-Accessed Articles for ES&T in 2005. ● ES&T is #1 in total citations (34,474) and #1 in articles published (917) in Environmental Engineering and Environmental Sciences. More citation data... Attention Authors: ACS Publications has upgraded its electronic reprint policy with ACS Articles on Request. All ACS journals now offer Feeds. January 20, 2006: Notice to Victims of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita At the request of the U.S. Postal Service, delivery of ACS journals and C&EN is still suspended to certain affected areas. Full online access continues. Contact us at 1.888.338.0012 or email@example.com for further information.