Henry Irwin, colonial official and Revolutionary War commander, was born of Scottish descent, probably in Virginia. He purchased land in Tarboro, N.C., in 1760 and was chosen a delegate to the Assembly in the initial election held there after royal Governor Josiah Martin [2] granted Tarboro a charter as a borough town [3]. Irwin was later appointed to the Edgecombe committee formed in 1774 to discharge duties imposed by North Carolina's First Provincial Congress [4], at which that county had no representatives. The following year he was a member of the Edgecombe delegation to the Provincial Congress at Halifax, and on 9 Sept. 1775 he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Halifax District.


Conduction by the movement of an extra electron which is tightly bound to an ion in an ionic lattice is discussed. We assume that the wave function of the electron is localized closely around an ion and the motion of the electron is so slow that lattice polarization is induced around the electron. Further, we assume that the potential in the lattice deviates slightly from a perfectly periodic arrangement owing to the existence of many impurity-ions. In these circumstances the current is connected with a hopping motion of the electron from ion to ion rather than with a translational motion of the electron in a nearly perfect lattice. In § 2 we discuss the self-trapped state of a positive hole in a polar lattice with a fluctuating potential. In § 3 we develop a theory of the transition of the hole from ion to ion by using the non-adiabatic approximation, and further in § 4 we discuss the same problem by the adiabatic approximation. In the last section we compare the theory with experiments. The electrical c...


A connector (10) for coupling to a connector port (107) of an electronic device (100) including a coupling face (1211) for coupling with the connector port of the electronic device, at least one connector terminal (124) disposed on one side of the coupling face, at least one first magnetic member (122) disposed in the vicinity of the connector terminal and coupled with at least one first metal member (1072) located in the vicinity of the connector port of the electronic device, and a detection member (125) disposed on at least a portion of the coupling face that detects a coupling between the connector and the connector port. An electronic device to which the connector device is applied is also disclosed.


Abstract : Centralized control and decentralized execution are fundamental tenets of air power that have evolved over decades of aerial employment and centuries of command and control during war. Air power has unique characteristics that require a different command and control construct than surface-centric combat units. The tenets of centralized control and decentralized execution have recently come under fire due to emerging transformational concepts such as Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) and Effects-Based Operations (EBO). This paper examines the history of the concept of centralized control/decentralized execution from the advent of modern warfare through Operation Enduring Freedom. Current doctrinal definitions are discussed with an emphasis on the differences between Air Force doctrine and joint doctrine. The study highlights the result of poorly articulated doctrinal definitions, and demonstrates that service and joint doctrine as currently written make the concept of centralized control and decentralized execution logically impossible. Service and joint doctrine should change. Even in the face of emerging joint operations concepts, centralized control and decentralized execution remains a valid tenet for the organization and employment of air power.


The "educated unemployment" has become more and more serious nowadays,also is a big hang-up for our social and economic development.Todaro's population mobility model provide a good theory frame for analyzing the phenomenon of the "educated unemployment" that formed by the rapidly expand higher education scale.The population mobility model that construct two department(vocational technology department and higher education department) on basis of the model of Todaro's population mobility indicates: to develop the economy and increase jobs on the macro level;to set the disciplines of higher education as well as the size of schools should be set up in a timely manner in accordance with the human resources market information to adjust and to vigorously develop vocational education on the micro.


Blondeel: The Belgian Attempt to Colonize Ethiopia By CORNELIUS J. JAENEN N 1843 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Brussels filed away a report from its Resident Minister in Constantinople and decided to disregard the recommendation of one of its most remarkable diplomatic agents. In 1899, Colonel Haneuse gave the Musee Royale de 1'Armee in Brussels a manuscript copy of the same report. There the unusual exploits of one of the most penetrating minds in the Belgian Foreign Service might have rested. In 1875, E. Goblet d'Alviella deplored the fact that Blondeel's reports and letters had never been published. (1) In 1924, Petitjean wrote a short article on Blondeel's role in Belgian foreign affairs and so made him better known to Belgian readers. (2) In 1935 Manheim, Wigny and Borboux credited Blondeel with extraordinary colonial insight. (3) But it was not until 1953, when Albert Duchesne defended his thesis on Blondeel before the Institut


Abstract Percentage points are given for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics D +, D -, and D and for the Kuiper statistic V for testing fit to the extreme-value distribution with unknown parameters. The statistics may also be used for tests for the Weibull distribution.


Complete List of Authors: Pan, Linqing; Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital; Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Tang, Zhipeng; The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Pan, Lina; Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Tang, Ranran; Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital


Regularity of the initial atmospheric corrosion of A3 steel in the presence of NaCl was investigated. The results showed that NaCl can accelerate the corrosion of A3 steel. Dry mass gain of A3 steel in the presence of NaCl deposition increases with the exposure time, which can be correlated by using exponential decay function. The relationship between dry mass gain and amount of NaCl deposition at a certain exposure time follows a quadratic function. More amount of NaCl deposition will slow down the corrosion rate to some extent after exposure for a certain time. SEM/EDAX was used to characterize the corrosion surface and products. The surfaces of the NaCl treated A3 steel were obviously uneven, and some tiny crevices appear in the corrosion products that could help O-2 transmit to the inner layer. The amount of oxygen in atomic percentage in the corrosion products increases with the amount of NaCl deposition.


This article contributes to recent efforts to demonstrate the significance of gender in shaping human-environment interactions through an in-depth study of a model collective in the water and soil conservation campaigns that the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched during the early 1950s. Dengjiabao village in Gansu province's Wushan county earned nationwide recognition in these state-led efforts to check erosion, prevent downstream sedimentation, and boost agricultural production in Northwest China's Loess Plateau. The state-sponsored publications that praised Dengjiabao's achievements in the first decade of the PRC presented conservation in distinctly gendered terms. Propaganda materials asserted that improvements in environmental conditions and standards of living achieved through conservation efforts would reconfigure gender relations by enabling unmarried men in poor, resource-starved villages like Dengjiabao to find wives. But during the actual campaigns, as oral history interviews and local archives make evident, rural women had to balance the heavy physical labor of transforming the landscape with household work responsibilities. Water and soil conservation depended on the female workforce throughout the 1950s, and mass mobilization for large-scale conservation efforts during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) imbued women's labor with even greater importance. The highly-militarized conservation campaigns of the Great Leap, and the famine to which they contributed, subjected rural women to burdens that directly affected their domestic lives, damaged their reproductive health, and had enduring corporeal effects.


Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the leading cereal crops in the world next to wheat, rice, and maize and the most dependable crop in alkali soils and areas where frost or drought occurs. The major barley producing countries are China, Russia, Germany, the USA, Canada, India, Turkey, and Australia. The major use of barley grain is in brewing industries for manufacturing malt which is used to make beer, industrial alcohol, whiskey, malt syrups, brandy, malted milk, vinegar, and yeast. Barley is usually used as food for human beings and feed for animals and poultry. It is a very nutritious and rich source of vitamin B complex and protein of superior quality. Each 100 g of barley grain contains 9.9 g protein, 1.2 g fat, 77 g carbohydrates, 29 mg calcium, 2.5 mg iron, and 31 mg vitamin B. It is used as food grain cereal, fodder and is also valuable input for extracting malt to be utilized in brewing, distillation, baby foods, cocoa malt drinks, and ayurvedic medicines. Barley having low water requirements as compared to wheat offers good scope for diversification in Rabi season. In Punjab, Barley is grown on an area of 11 thousand hectares with a production of 39 thousand tonnes and productivity of 35.82 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The present study aimed at studying the growth kinetics of an efficient high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAH) degrader Bacillus subtilis BMT4i (MTCC 9447) using diesel oil as the sole carbon and energy source. The study was carried out in order to understand and reveal the morphological and growth variations in benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) degrading BMT4i imposed by the stress environment of diesel oil. The morphological variations were determined by growing Bacillus subtilis BMT4i in basal salt medium (BSM) with diesel oil (2%: BSMD) as sole carbon and energy source at various time durations using Gram staining and spore staining (Schaeffer-Fulton method) followed by viability and growth assessment using colony forming units (CFU)/ml method. The result demonstrated that the diesel oil has visible effect on the shape and size of BMT4i cells. Majority of the BMT4i cells undergone endospore formation within 24 h of diesel oil exposure and some of them were released as exospores (free spores) after 24 h. The growth kinetics demonstrated exponential increase in the cell number of BMT4i in BSMD with increase in incubation duration up to 3 days reaching maxima of 4.16 x 1019 showing approx. 2x1011-fold increase in cell numberand there after it declined. About 2x1011 fold enhancements in the CFU number is directly correlated with the ability of Bacillus subtilis BMT4i to utilize diesel oil as the sole source of carbon and energy which leads to high increase in cell number within just 3 days. Therefore, it could be concluded that Bacillus subtilis BMT4i (MTCC 9447) is very efficient in using diesel oil as the sole source of carbon and energy and it could be employed for bioremediation of diesel oil and PAH contaminated sites.


The abortion issue among Irish women in Britain is presented. About 2000 women from Northern Ireland travel to Britain each year because of the 1967 Abortion Act in the UK does not apply in the province. Most women travelling from the republic are working women in their 20s. There are various factors contributing to their decision to consider abortion. Some of these are the demands of work and the persisting stigma of single motherhood. Furthermore, the demand for emergency contraception is teeming in the republic, as stated by the Well Woman Center chief executive Allison Begas. This situation has encouraged the government to pass a referendum on abortion.


The discovery of graphene, nearly a decade ago [1, 2, 3], has since given interest into other atomically thin, two-dimensional(2D) crystals. One such material is mono-layer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Electronic device manufactures in particular have found 2D materials such as MoS2 interesting because of the physical and electronic properties. MoS2 can be fashioned into electronic components such as field-effect transistors (FETs) or logic gates easily and are particularly thin. This interest means MoS2 must be understood from an electronic and physical perspective before it can fully be integrated into electronic devices. To understand MoS2 better a comprehensive power and temperature dependent study on MoS2 was done using both Raman and photoluminescent spectroscopies. Mechanical ex-foliation of MoS2 from bulk provides single-layer flakes, which are then transferred either to sapphire substrates or suspended over holes in Si/Si3N4. We measure temperature dependence from ≈100 K to 400 K and power dependence from ≈6μW to ≈7 mW using an Argon laser at 514.5 nm and a HeNe laser at 632.8 nm. Raman spectroscopy was used for initial identification of a single-layer flake of MoS2. In MoS2 when the two Raman peaks, the A1g and E 1 2g are less than 18 cm −1 the flake is considered single layer.[4] The thermal conductivity of MoS2 was experimentally extracted from Raman temperature and power measurements using linear coefficients, χT and χP , for temperature and power dependence of the peak position respectively.[5] This value of thermal conductivity κ was calculated to be ≈ 34.5 W m−1 K−1.[5] Temperature and power dependent photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy was used to explore the band-gap and energy transitions of MoS2. The PL spectrum exhibits a main exitonic


Over the last few decades, there has been a considerable interest worldwide in Traditional medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) particularly in herbal products. The World Health Organization also advocates the important role of alternative and traditional medicines in preventive, promotive and curative health, especially in developing countries and encourages member states to support traditional medicines to and plan for, formulation of policies with appropriate regulations (WHO, 2001).


We argue that a more complete picture of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the emerging globalized world is possible by considering the IOC as a transnational organization. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of paying attention to a non- governmental entity (the IOC) in its interactions with a national government (South Africa) as well as the fragile and often paradoxical nature of transnational behavior. We illustrate how both the internal and external forces that were brought to bear on the IOC forced it to reconsider whether the South African Olympic and National Games Association (SAONGA) could actually deliver on the mandate required of all National Olympic Committees. From an initial position of confidence in SAONGA, the IOC slowly moved to one in which it was clear that the South Africans would have to be expelled from the Olympic movement. The re instatement of South Africa only came with the guarantee that the transnational goal of Olympism could be met in that country.


An earlier theory which took into account intermolecular obstruction in rubber is reconsidered. On the basis of a revised procedure for counting configurations of polymer chains, a new equation of state is obtained relating stress to strain in uniaxial extension. The new relationship has the same from as a function of the strain but differs in its dependence on f, the fraction of the rubber volume occupied by the polymer chains. When applied to experiments, it leads to higher values of f. In addition, results presented previously only for uniaxial extension are generalized for arbitrary strains.


It has become common practice for African men and women to chemically alter their natural skin tone for aesthetic purposes. This is realized by the use of cosmetic skin-bleaching agents, which are sold without regulation. These products have potential for adverse health effects, including


Abstract : The set of distinct blocks of a block design is known as its support. We construct a BIB design with parameters V or = 7, k = 3, lambda = v - 2 which contains a block of maximal multiplicity and has support (V/3) - 4(v-3). Any BIB design which contains such a block and has parameters as above must be supported on at most (V/3) - 4(v-3) blocks. (Author)


We implement a nuclear spin-wave quantum register for optically-addressable 171Yb3+ qubits in YVO<inf>4</inf> using a local ensemble of 51V5+ lattice ions. This quantum memory is a critical demonstration for future rare-earth ion-based quantum repeater networks.


Abstract Many of the major rivers and streams in the arid and semiarid American Southwest can be classified as gullies and arroyos. The history of deposition, stability, and erosion of gully and arroyo environments has had a profound influence on the archaeological record contained within valley and bajada (piedmont) alluvium. The temporal and spatial sample of archaeological sites in southern Arizona is as much a reflection of geological processes as it is of cultural processes. Where both geological and archaeological data sets are well preserved, detailed landscape reconstructions are possible and prehistoric activity can be placed in the context of the prehistoric landscape. In southern Arizona, the location of Hohokam agricultural settlements at any particular time, changes in position of these settlements through time, and agricultural technology were affected by the configuration of the landscape, by the hydrologic regime of the bajada gullies and valley arroyos, and by landscape changes that have ...


Oral cancer results in 10,000 U.S. deaths annually. Improved highly sensitive diagnostics allowing early detection of oral cancer would benefit patient survival and quality of life. Objective was to investigate in vivo non‐invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques for imaging and diagnosing neoplasia‐related epithelial, sub‐epithelial changes throughout carcinogenesis.


In order to minimum high environmental persistence while enhancing the effects of phytoextract heavy metals in plant, though applied different ratio of non-biological chelating agent EDTA and biological chelating agent EDDS application phytoremediation into the Rape (Brassica campestris L), monocots corn (Zea mays L). This experiment was conducted with a simulation in Pb, Cu, Cd complex artificially contaminated soil. The results show that appling chelator EDTA-EDDS application on the corn and the rape were play important promoting role in the metal of soil, and were more than the effects of the accumulation of the single EDTA or single EDDS. The concentrations of mobile metals Pb, Cu in soil were the highest of 386.5 mg·kg-1, 1369 mg·kg-1, adding treatment 2 (EDTA / EDDS = 2:1), respectively the control group. The concentrations of mobile metals Cd in soil were the highest of 89.6 mg·kg-1, adding treatment 3 (EDTA / EDDS = 1:1), respectively the control group.


Shallow ice cores from an Antarctic blue-ice area at Scharffenbergbotnen were l4C-analyzed using a dry-extraction technique and accelerator mass spectrometry. The in situ production was determined from the 14CO component and used to deduce the natural 14CO2 component. The ages were measured at 10 000 ± 3000 BP. The accumulation and ablation rates determined from the in situ production are 7–20 and 10 cm a−1. respectively, showing agreement with field observations. The derived ages and air-yield data show a nearby origin for the surface ice.


The effects of surface coating on the CuO-based electrode in sodium ion batteries are investigated in real time in article 1701255 by He Zheng, Jianbo Wang and co-workers. It is found that coating layer can effectively constrain the morphology evolution of electrode material with the insertion of Na+ ions as well as increase the electrochemical reaction speed. In the cover picture, the background represents the ocean with substantial sodium resources and the cyan spheres represent the Na+ ions. The atomic model shows the anisotropic expansion of the CuO-based electrode induced by the surface-coating during the charging/discharging processes (indicated by the two lightning) in the sodium ion battery.


A historical monument may be vulnerable to earthquakes but it will be at no risk unless there is a finite probability of such an event occurring at the site during the lifetime of the structure. We define earthquake risk as follows: Equation (1) expresses earthquake risk as a function of the seismic hazard, that is of the probability of occurrence of a damaging earthquake, or earthquakes, during the lifetime of the structure and of the vulnerability of the structure to damage or destruction by an earthquake, or earthquakes, of damaging intensity. Seismic hazard is obviously beyond human control, but an accurate knowledge of it from seismicity studies over a long period of time is possible. The vulnerability of modern buildings to earthquake forces is the subject-matter of engineering; it is determined by the physical characteristics of structures and it can be assessed, controlled and reduced by appropriate action, though sometimes at a cost which must be justified by a diminished probability of loss. The vulnerability of old buildings, non-engineered structures and of historical monuments, whose dynamic characteristics are unknown and cannot easily be discovered, is difficult and quite often impossible to assess without irrecoverable intervention in the fabric of the structure. Let us first examine the practical implications of the earthquake hazard in Libya.


An increasing number of organizations acknowledge the lack of diversity within their ranks, and convey their support for diversity in official corporate statements. A prevalent such case, called th...


Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,is one of the most important clam species cultured in China.By observing gonadal development of Manila clam from different areas under controlled water temperatures,we could forecast and control the spawning time.Manila clam was sampled in Dalian and Fujian in March ,2004.They were warmed up in indoor ponds to ripe with the same condition.Shell size and weight were measured.We researched the histology of its gonad develepment and the relationship between periodic variation of histology with gonad development and effective accumulated temperature.The gonads were fixed with Bouin's solution,and tissue sections were stained with H.E solution.Taking micrography pictures to show the gonad development of the Manila clam in Dalian was divided into five sections:spent stage ,early active stage,later active stage,mature stage,spawned stage.The gonad development of the Manila clam in Fujian was also divided into five sections:early active stage,later active stage,mature stage, spawned stage,degenerating stage.The relationship of gonad develepment with effective accumulated temperature was discussed in this paper.It indicated that the effective accumulated temperatures of gonad development of the Manila clam in Fujian and Dalian were 190.1℃·d and 331.8℃·d,respectively.


A description is given of a synthesis of 9β-progesterone (X) and 9β-testosterone (XVII) with 9β-ergosterol (I) as the starting material.


In this paper a low OpAmp compensation technique suitable for the bio-medical application has been proposed and intuitive explained the existing compensation techniques. The Present technique relies on the passive damping factor control rather power hungry damping. Implemented in 45nm CMOS technology and simulated with Spectre. Simulation results shows that 100dB dc gain, well compensated 25MHz bandwidth OpAmp while driving a 1pF capacitive load. Draws with 12uW power consumption from 1V supply and occupying 0.004875mm2 silicon areas.


AbstractSpectral decomposition techniques can break down the broadband seismic records into a series of frequency components that are useful for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. However, it is laborious and time-consuming to analyze and to interpret each seismic frequency volume taking all the usable seismic bandwidth. In this context, we propose a multivariate technique based on independent component analysis (ICA) with the goal of choosing the spectral components that best represent the whole seismic spectrum while keeping the main geological information. The ICA-based method goes beyond the Gaussian assumption and takes advantage of higher order statistics to find a new set of variables that are independent of each other. The independence between two components is a more general statistical concept than the noncorrelation and, in principle, allows the extraction of more significant information from the data. We have tested four different contrast functions to estimate the independ...


Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) are inhibited by phosphorylation at Y15 in response to activation of DNA damage checkpoints and as a key regulatory point in normal control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The structure of a Tyr15pThr160pCDK2/cyclinA/AMPPNP complex reveals that Tyr15 phosphorylation blocks peptide substrate binding but does not inhibit ATP binding. The phosphate group is exposed to solvent and is engaged in a hydrogen‐bonded network with water molecules. Kinetic studies show that the Tyr15Thr160 phosphorylated complex binds ATP with similar affinity to the singly phosphorylated, fully active Thr160P enzyme and retains its ability to transfer phosphate to water (ATPase activity). This ATPase rate is similar to that of the dually phosphorylated complex. In contrast, we observe a dramatically decreased affinity and activity towards the peptide substrate (PKTPKKAKKL). Our structural and kinetic results indicate that the basis for CDK inhibition through Y15 phosphorylation is to block the enzyme's kinase activity with little effect on its ATPase activity.


Digital surface models (DSMs) have been widely utilized in various applications as fundamental geographic information data. Block adjustment is normally performed on satellite images to enhance the geometric accuracy and DSMs are then generated by stereo mapping. However, new errors may be introduced during the stereo mapping processing and geometric discrepancies between DSMs may still exist. In particular, block adjustment is difficult for multisource satellite images. Therefore, this paper presents a two-step block adjustment approach directly performed on DSMs, with high-accuracy ICESat-2 laser altimetry data used as elevation control. In the method, DSM tie-point matching, elevation control/check point selection from ICESat-2 laser points, and planar and elevation block adjustments are performed in sequence. In the experiments, ZY-3 satellite stereo images and corresponding generated DSMs, as well as SRTM and ALOS DSMs, are used for verification. The experimental results show that the absolute elevation accuracy and the relative geometric consistency of the DSMs are both significantly improved after two-step DSM block adjustment and it can efficiently improve the accuracy, not only for DSMs acquired by the same sensor type, but also for DSMs acquired by different sensor types, which demonstrates the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.


AbstractWithin the framework of linear acoustics, based on the linearized Navier–Stokes equations for a viscous liquid, the conservation rules for integral characteristics of an acoustic perturbation are presented and discussed.


Two drug industry watchers were opining recently on Twitter regarding the relative strengths of the major U.S. life sciences research hubs: Boston/Cambridge, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay Area. In jumped Bernard H. Munos, reminding the two—and their followers—not to forget New York City, the "dark horse" hub. Munos, founder of the InnoThink Center for Research in Biomedical Innovation and a former R&D adviser to Eli Lilly & Co., is a real enthusiast for the blossoming pharma and biotech research community in New York City. That enthusiasm is shared by a growing number of drug companies, large and very small, not least of which is Munos's former employer. Lilly is the anchor tenant at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, a campus opened three years ago by Alexandria Real Estate Equities amid the cluster of hospitals and medical schools on the East River in midtown Manhattan. Pfizer and Roche ...


Fredric Jameson poses a provocative thesis in Valences of the Dialectic, namely, that the dialectic, rather than being a vestigial intellectual organ, has been secretly operating behind the scenes of contemporary theory. Jameson argues that those thinkers who would disavow the dialectic (such as Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault) are some of its most interesting practitioners. Such a gesture has been a feature of Jameson's thought since at least The Political Unconscious, with its translation of other theoretical codes into the language of Marxist dialectics. And, indeed, many of the essays in this volume have appeared elsewhere, and others may seem quite familiar fare. But something new happens in this particular constellation of texts: in naming the dialectic the hidden hand of contemporary theory, Jameson shifts the very project of the dialectic. For the haunting of the dialectic, its uncanny inhabitation of contemporary theory, is also its own haunting, its possession, and its reinvention. The central displacement that the dialectic undergoes in Valences is its translation from a temporal mode to a spatial mode. Jameson's interest in spatiality has always been the obverse side of his investigation of postmodernity, for as he has argued, the emergence of late capitalism has involved the eclipse of history ("the waning of our historical sense") by the omnipresence of spatiality in the closure of an "eternal present."1 Jameson's response to this situation has up until now been the dialectical one of conceiving of the historicity of our situation as deWned precisely by the singular impossibility of imagining it as history. Valences of the Dialectic should be seen as a break with this


Based on a PhD thesis presented to Newcastle University in 1992, this book assesses through a specific survey area the efficiency of Raymond Selkirk's Piercebridge formula for Roman river transportation systems across Britain. Evidence for the formula is examined at ten sites across the North-east, and an alternative to the Piercebridge formula method of supply to the Roman army in the North-east is advanced.


The present invention discloses a preparation method and its application specific monoclonal antibodies, directed to the field of detection, through structural transformation Lake dopamine hydrochloride, synthetic artificial antigen ractopamine, Ractopamine prepared specific monoclonal antibody produced by ractopamine monoclonal antibody colloidal gold immunoassay test strip prepared core ractopamine detection reagent. Ractopamine antibody preparation of the present invention is highly specific monoclonal antibodies, with specificity, high sensitivity, high accuracy and other characteristics; use of the present invention is highly specific monoclonal antibody prepared on the basis of the test strip, for detecting ractopamine residues, simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, low-cost characteristics, its application has broad prospects.


Groundwater is mainly used for water supply of cities, rural settlements and industries in the Republic of Belarus. About 90% of water wells operate at reduced specific production rates as a consequence of biological and chemical clogging. Due to the insufficient efficiency of existing regeneration methods, the average service life of water wells rarely exceeds 18–20 years, which is significantly shorter than the estimated life. In this regard, creation of the effective and simple regeneration methods is becoming an urgent scientific and practical problem of great importance. A reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly has been designed for water wells; it consists of a compressor, hoses and a submersible device in the form of a two-chamber pneumatic displacement pump. The advantage of this assembly is the absence of a circulation pump in its configuration and the possibility of efficient treatment of a limited filter interval. A technology for the regeneration of water wells using the reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly is proposed. The installation, hoisting and other related operations should be carried out using a truck crane with a telescopic lifting boom. The reagent can be universal acid cleansing agent Deskam TU RB 37430824.001-97. One of the advantages of water well regeneration using the proposed assembly is the reverse movement of the reagent in gravel filter. Two regeneration modes were tested on a laboratory scale: the reversible flow and one-way flow of the reagent. The analysis of the laboratory research data shows that the use of the reversible mode of the reagent movement significantly reduces the cleaning time required for the removal of colmatant from the gravel filter as compared with the one-way flow of the reagent.


Increasing evidence suggests that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into the stroma of developing tumors where they contribute to cancer progression. MSCs produce different growth factors that sustain tumor‐associated neo‐angiogenesis. Since the majority of carcinomas secrete ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we assessed the role of EGFR signaling in regulating the release of angiogenic factors in MSCs. Treatment of human primary MSCs and of the human osteoblastic cell line hFOB with transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α), one of the main ligands of the EGFR, significantly induced activation of this receptor and of different intracellular signaling proteins, including the PI3K/AKT and the MEK/MAPK pathways. TGF‐α induced a significant increase in the levels of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in both MSCs and hFOB. Conditioned medium from TGF‐α treated MSCs showed an higher in vivo angiogenic effect as compared with medium from untreated cells. Treatment of MSCs with TGF‐α also produced a significant increase in the secretion of other angiogenic growth factors such as angiopoietin‐2, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB. Using selective MEK and PI3K inhibitors, we found that both MEK/MAPK and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways mediate the ability of TGF‐α to induce secretion of angiogenic factors in MSCs. Finally, stimulation with TGF‐α increased the ability of MSCs to induce migration of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. These data suggest that EGFR signaling regulates the ability of MSCs to sustain cancer progression through the release of growth factors that promote neo‐angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2131–2138, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Recovering beam search(RBS) algorithm has the trend to local optimum when solving the multi-objective problem.As a result,it is also difficult to obtain even Pareto front.In this paper,a concept of sub-direction searching is presented based on RBS algorithm.Then an improved algorithm named sub-direction recovering beam search(SDRBS) is proposed,which is used for multi-objective single machine scheduling problem.The experimental results show that this algorithm can enhance the quality of solution effectively.


BackgroundComplementary feeding is the provision of nutrient containing foods or liquids other than breast milk that includes both solid foods and semisolid foods. There is limit study conducted in this area, so to know existing gap the topic was selected.ObjectiveTo study complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers who had children 6–23 months in Yaya Gulele district, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019.MethodA cross-sectional study design was conducted among 558 mothers who had children with 6–23 months of age. Simple random sampling was used to select the required sample size. Pretest was conducted on 5% sample size. Data were cleared using Epi-Info version 7 & analyzed by SPSS version 20. Result was presented by using percent, frequency, tables and graphs. Crude & adjusted odds ratio were done along with 95% CI and level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.ResultA total 558 individuals were participated in study with 98.2% response rate. Level of knowledge on complementary feeding was (79.57%). Maternal educations: primary, secondary and above (AOR = 3.59,95%CI:1.264–8.93, AOR = 3.109,95%CI:1.12–8.62), antennal care status: 1–2 visit,3 & above (AOR = 2.4,95%CI:1.13–5.3, AOR = 4.78,95%CI:2.197–10.42) respectively, place of delivery (AOR = 8.5,95%CI:4.41–16.50), post-natal care:1,2 and above visit (AOR = 2.6,95%CI:1.12–6.49,AOR = 3.6,95%CI:1.72–7.74); watching TV (AOR = 3.19, 95%CI:1.1–9.45) and listening radio (AOR = 2.32,95%CI:1.17–4.57) were independent predictor of level of good maternal knowledge on complementary feeding.Conclusion and recommendation:Educating the mothers through mass media and house to house by health extension workers is recommended to enhance knowledge of complementary feeding.


INTRODUCTION In this case study, we apply the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique to a financial business problem. The case study is mainly written from an investor's point of view giving much attention to the insights provided by the unique visualization capabilities of the SOM. The results are compared to results from other, more common, econometric techniques. Because of limitations of space, our description is quite compact in several places. For those interested in more details, we refer to Tan (2000).


ABSTRACT Supply chain management (SCM) has been recognised as key to automobile manufacturers' ('buyers') competitive advantage. However, the performance implication of two different approaches towards SCM, obligational contracting (OCR) vs. arm's length contracting (ACR), remains inconclusive in the current literature. By focusing on examining how multiple global automobile manufacturers' SCM practices result in different performance outcomes in the one-country setting of Australia, we are able to ascertain the direct impact of SCM approaches on buyers' performance. We also provide detailed analysis on the specific influence of each distinguishing feature of the OCR/ACR approaches on different aspects of performance. Through a more nuanced investigation of the links between SCM approaches and automobile manufacturers' performance at the firm level, this research contributes to a better understanding of the topic with managerially applicable insights.


With the introduction of advanced monitoring and communication technologies, the legacy power system is evolving toward fully digitalized smart grid. The IEC 61850 standards have emerged as popular standards for automation of the power grid systems. However, modernization of the power grid has an unintended consequence of increased vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Among the emerging cyber threats, in this article we focus on false data injection attacks against generators in IEC 61850 compliant systems since this subject is not yet intensively studied in literature. We conduct the study on attack vectors against automated control logic for parallel generators and their feasibility, and conduct simulation experiments to demonstrate the attack impact. Based on the identified attack vectors, we further propose an efficient message authentication scheme. We investigate real-world control logic taken from the state-of-the-art smart grid test-bed for enumerating attack vectors. We further create virtual test-bed that is fully compliant to IEC 61850 standards for simulation study. The proposed message authentication schemes are implemented and intensively evaluated to demonstrate advantages over the other schemes. While effectively countering the identified attack vectors, the proposed message authentication scheme improves the latency by 16% compared to the scheme recommended in IEC 62351 standards.


Abstract This paper discusses different patterns of innovation and their institutional roots in Taiwan and South Korea. By using USPTO patent data as indicators of innovation, this paper finds that while individuals and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still account for a significant proportion of the patents in Taiwan, the large conglomerates are the major contributors of patents in South Korea. Moreover, although electronics is the sector that has gained most of the patents in both countries, Taiwan's patents are more dispersed while those of its South Korean counterparts are more concentrated. These differences come mainly from the institutional roots in their economic catching-up era.


Numerous studies have been reported in published literature on analytical solutions for a vertically loaded pile installed in a homogeneous single soil layer. However, piles are rarely installed in an ideal homogeneous single soil layer. This study presents an energy-based approach to obtain displacements in an axially loaded pile embedded in multi-layered soil considering soil non-linearity. A simple power law based on published literature is used where the soil is assumed to be nonlinear-elastic and perfectly plastic. A Tresca yield surface is assumed to develop the soil stiffness variation with different strain levels that defines the non-linearity of the soil strata. The pile displacement response is obtained using the software MATLAB R2019a and the results from the energy-based method are compared with those obtained from the field test data as well as the finite element analysis based on the software ANSYS 2019R3. It is observed that the results obtained from the energy-based method are in better agreement with the field measured values than those obtained from the FEA. The approach presented in this study can be extended to piles embedded in multi-layered soil strata subjected to different cases of lateral loads as well as the combined action of lateral and axial loads. Furthermore, the same approach can be extended to study the response of the soil to group piles.


Pure iron oxidation is studied in the oxygen partial pressure ranging between p(O2 ) = 2.10-4 Pa and p(O2 ) = 4.10-2 Pa. These pressures were chosen in order to insure wustite formation in the temperature domain 700-950°C. Textural analysis with pole figure plotting is performed on specimens oxidized at 800 and 950°C in oxygen (partial pressure of p(O2 ) = 2.10-3 Pa). We have demonstrated that cerium coatings modify the microstructure and texture of a wustite scale grown on pure iron. All the resuits indicate that the main effect of the coating is to prevent the epitaxial relations between iron and the wustite scale. Then, the whole surface is covered by a fast growing scale. The pole figures show that the (200) planes of the wustite structure are mainly oriented parallel to the specimen surface. The [200] orientation is always associated to the faster growing scale. On blank specimens, the slow kinetic rate is attributed to the fact that the main part of the iron surface is covered by a wustite scale with orientation distinct from [200]. A good scale adherence was observed since the coating was sufficiently thin and regular to permit the (CeFeO3 ) cerium orthoferrite formation from the ceria coating. A perowskite type oxide appears as a good candidate for an homogeneous cerium introduction into oxide scales. Its formation is favoured by the iron external diffusion which looks like easy in the proceeding conditions.


Two coordination polymers, namely [Zn(L)Cl] (1) and [Zn(L)2] (2) [L = 4-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzolic acid] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 have a two-dimensional square-shaped structure (the dimensions are 15.43 × 15.43 A for 1 and 12.064 × 15.017 A for 2) with (44·62) topology. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit a 3D supramolecular structure made up by strong π–π interactions from the adjacent layers. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 show good fluorescence properties in the solid state at room temperature.


Introduction:The color of healthy gingiva is often influenced by melanin pigmentation as an abnormal deposition of melanocytes located in basal and suprabasal cells. Gingival hyperpigmentation that exceeds normal causes a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal surgical procedure to remove or reduce gingival hyperpigmentation by various techniques to improve aesthetics. The procedures include the use of chemicals such as 90% phenol, diamond drill abrasion, gingivectomy, soft tissue autograft, partial thickness flap, cryosurgery and laser. Case: A 19-year-old male patient came to periodontist office, after an examination he had Smoker's melanosis hyperpigmentation in the upper anterior region. Case Management: The patient was given depigmentation surgery using the scrapping method using a scalpel No. 15c.Discussion: Surgical management of gingival depigmentation with scrapping provides good esthetic results. Conclusion: It is necessary to take a proper history and adequate examination and be wise in determining the various surgical methods of depigmentation.


The best-studied physical signs in reincarnation cases are birthmarks that match fatal wounds, but physical correspondences between a case subject and the deceased person whose life he or she recalls may be revealed in many other ways. Some signs reflect the manner in which the previous person died; others are related to aspects of his or her core identity. There may resemblances in facial structure, eye form, skin colour, physique, and other features. The specificity of these signs goes beyond chance coincidence and may best be interpreted in terms of the action of a reincarnating mind on its new body.


Objectives Acupoint catgut embedding therapy has shown effectiveness in treating functional constipation; however, relevant, high-quality clinical evidence is scarce. This study aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in treating poststroke constipation. Methods Correlative randomized controlled trials were identified through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, and VIP databases from inception until February 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Fifteen trials involving 1084 patients were identified. The meta-analysis revealed that the acupoint catgut embedding group was significantly superior to the non-catgut embedding group with regard to the efficacy rate (RR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.19, 1.37), P < 0.05), the first defecation time (MD = −3.08, 95% CI (−4.53, −1.63), P < 0.05), the defecation sensation score (MD = −0.44, 95% CI (−0.61, −0.26), P < 0.05), the degree of difficulty in defecation (MD = −0.73, 95% CI (−1.10, −0.37), P < 0.05), the PAC-QOL scale score (MD = −10.06, 95% CI (−13.47, −6.64), P < 0.05), and the symptom integral (MD = −3.15, 95% CI (−3.60, −2.71), P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the stool property score (MD = 0.06, 95% CI (−0.39, 0.50), P > 0.05) as well as the incidence of adverse reactions (RD = 0.01, 95% CI (−0.01, 0.03), P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions The results showed that acupoint catgut embedding is probably an effective and safe acupuncture treatment strategy for poststroke constipation. Nevertheless, more rigorously designed, standardized, large-sample, and multicenter randomized controlled designs are warranted to further verify the findings of this study.


The Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System (SMSRPS) is specially developed for the navigation meteorological safeguard of the Antarctic exploration ship over the sea ice area of the South Ocean. This system can suit to the climate environment of very high temperature -high moisture and very low temperature - supersaturation ; it has a self-protection ability to against the hurricane - force wind over force 12 and the strong vibration during icebreaking, as well as strong magnetic disturbance. It has two sets of receiving-imagery processing systems for polar orbit low-resolution and quasi-stationary high-solution satellites. The key creation points of this system are as follows ; 1. the active gyro-control stabilization platform and a mixed mounting system of three rotating α - β and x - y axes are used. It solved the tracing difficulties both in the low elevation angle and very high elevation angle of polar-orbit satellite, even in the status of ship moving with continuously changing its position, direction and ship roll and pitch. 2. Imagery processing subsystem. The newest BORLAND-DELPHI language and PASCAL language programming software are used under WINDOWS 95 environment. It has a dynamic positioning nested-grid system and electric mapping grid data system. It can show the latitude-longitude of any point on the map, and marks any object such as ship, station or island, and draws the route. It can monitor cloud and temperature, forest fire, anomalous change of ocean and land. It can output satellite cloud maps of 24 bit with very high clarity. This system is very advanced in technique for the whole structure with the features of small volume, light weight and very low cost. It suits to very bad climate and ocean environment. Its imagery processing system has complete functions with high resolution and being very easy to operate. It is not only suit to land use, but also and specially to all kinds of ship over the sea. It can be extended to domestic and international use. This system played a very important role in the 14th Chinese Antarctic Exploration Navigation, and was introduced a broad attention paid by Chinese newspapers and TV Stations.


We consider the function χ(Gk), defined to be the smallest number of colours that can colour a graph G in such a way that no vertices of distance at most k receive the same colour. In particular we shall look at how small a value this function can take in terms of the order and diameter of G. We get general bounds for this and tight bounds for the cases k=2 and k=3.


Climate change is affecting the IPLCs (Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities) around the world, including ethnic minorities in China, especially from agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting and gathering, which are their main source of livelihoods. At the same time, IPLCs have rich traditional knowledge related to climate and its disasters, especially in their livelihoods. This review work examines the research about traditional knowledge associated to livelihood in monitoring and adapting to changing climatic conditions in ethnic minorities in China. Authors reviewed the research papers and monographs on the traditional agricultural livelihood of ethnic minorities in China, and divided different agricultural types on the basis of literature review. At the same time, authors focused on reviewing the traditional knowledge formed by ethnic minorities in the agriculture, especially the traditional knowledge related to weather and climate information. In authors' findings authors realized that ethnic minorities are the practitioners of traditional agricultural practices. Their observation and perception come from real life and may not be "scientific", but they directly reflect the impact of climate change on local livelihoods and contain wisdom to adapt to climate change. Ethnic minorities not only observe and perceive climate change, but also actively adapt to the impact of climate change on traditional livelihoods. In the process of adaptation, traditional knowledge plays a key role. This paper highlights how traditional knowledge can improve understanding of the influence of climate change on livelihood, and provide ideas to develop an equitable and effective plan to adapt the climate change. For the IPLCs, compared with the externally driven adaption options, they are more willing to take the community-based plan, because such plans will enable them to apply their traditional knowledge according to the geographical location and environment of their areas, so that their actions to adapt to climate change will be more effective.


Objective: This study examined the sociodemographic, health, and economic determinants of limitations in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in Canadians 65 years and older with emphasis on the role of relative body weight. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between these limitations and the whole range of relative body weight while controlling for the above determinants. Method: This research used data collected in the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2005 on Canadians 65 years and older (N = 21,255). Results: The odds of experiencing IADL limitations were higher for women, the poor, and those not living with a partner. These odds also increased with advancing age and weaker physical health. Controlling for socioeconomic and health characteristics, the odds of experiencing such limitations were significantly elevated in underweight and obese individuals but not in overweight individuals. Discussion: Prevention and intervention strategies targeting underweight and obese individuals should be a policy priority.


The present study deals with the influence of the sampling parameters on the uncertainty of noise equivalent level in environmental noise measurements. The study has been carried out through the test of different sampling strategies doing resampling trials over continuous monitoring noise files obtained previously in an urban location in the city of Coimbra, in Portugal. On short term measurements, not only the duration of the sampling episodes but also its number have influence on the uncertainty of the result. This influence is higher for the time periods where sound levels suffer a greater variation, such as during the night period. In this period, in case both parameters (duration and number of sampling episodes) are not carefully selected, the uncertainty level can reach too high values contributing to a loss of precision of the measurements. With the obtained data it was investigated the sampling parameters influence on the long term noise indicator uncertainty, calculated according the Draft 1st CD ISO 1996-2:2012 proposed method. It has been verified that this method allows the possibility of defining a general methodology which enables the setting of the parameters once the precision level is fixed. For the three reference periods defined for environmental noise (day, evening and night), it was possible to derive a two variable power law representing the uncertainty of the determined values as a function of the two sampling parameters: duration of sampling episode and number of episodes.


This study was willing to investigate that Desire for Humanization of Therianthropic Male Hero in Fox Goddess's Transfiguration Process to God was born and it's medium realization is drama 〈Gu Family Book〉. For this was progressed newt teo ways. Firstly, watching as process of Fox Goddess's replacement to foxy god and male fox with nine tails's, appearance, his paper investigated that drama 〈Gu Family Book〉's Male Hero with nine tails's is not stranger who was dropped out of anywhere but is being who was originated out narrative of korean fox fale's history. Half-man-half-beast like drama 〈Gu Family Book〉's Hero Coi gang chi is male progenitor who was born as a result that feminine godhead of different species had sexual relations with human male before bad goddess and got rid of. Lineage of male progenitor of half-man-half-beast and hero is originated from feminine godhead of different species. At this time, human male of half-man-half-beast who have fox goddess as maternal line is being who godhood of fox goddess was metastasized to male hero. Through this transferal, immediate main agent of transcendental power that primarily fox had appears to be replaced to male hero from fox goddess. In the second place, this paper investigated that Initiation of Desire's realization towards Humanization in 〈Gu Family Book〉 get to realize heroic nature of male progenitor of half-man-half-beast. Hero Coi gang chi of 〈Gu Family Book〉 rewrites progress history of fox narrative from the point of foxy paternal failure who got to sesual relationship between different species betrayed and eradicate by human female. In here, problem of Humanization's desire and faith observance is got to accommodate as fundamental intended value that Choi gang chi has to get.


This study aims to determine the profile and how much the level of soft skills of Vocational High School students in Yogyakarta City. This study is survey research. The population of this study was all students grade XI of State Vocational Schools in Yogyakarta City. The sample of this study was 990 students. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were then analyzed and presented in a percentage form. The results of the study present that the percentage gain shows the soft skill profile of Vocational High School students in Yogyakarta City in each aspect, namely communication/persuasion skills of 75.19%; performance management skills of 77.22%; self management skills of 70.27%; interpersonal skills of 78.68%; leadership/organizational skills of 77.85%; and cultural skills of 75.60%. Then, the level of soft skills ability of Vocational High School students in Yogyakarta City is generally categorized in medium, which is in the profile range between M-0.5SD and M + 0.5SD (M - 0.5SD < x <  M + 0.5SD).


associated with notable flashpoints and interviewing banlieue residents. Although this is in many ways instructive, the words of interviewees cited in this part of the book run the risk of overstating the extent to which radicalism exists in these areas as few moderate voices are cited. The lengthy second part of the book is entitled 'Algeria, prisoners of love' and explores the colonial history and legacies that still have an impact on the perceptions that French and Algerian people have of each other, not least due to the brutality and legacy of the Algerian War of 1954–1962. This conflict led to Algeria's independence from France but was only recognized as a war by the French government in 1999. Hussey identifies many examples of spectacular violence from the colonial period, and also several examples of attacks in 1990s France that were linked to the situation in Algeria. In the next two sections of the book – respectively entitled 'In Morocco' and 'Tunisia, made in France' – Hussey explores the historical events that have shaped the evolution of two other North African countries that were also formerly French colonies. Although this section of the book describes how positive relations between France and Morocco over the last three decades have helped to boost Morocco's credibility, it also underlines that this period has been punctuated by a number of terrorist attacks that point towards unresolved tensions in Morocco that at times spill over into Europe. Although Hussey acknowledges that 'the Tunisian struggle for independence and its aftermath had been much less protracted than in Algeria or Morocco' (369), he nevertheless details issues such as poverty and human rights abuses that have loomed large in recent decades. In the fifth and final section of the book – entitled 'Prisoners of War' – Hussey devotes the closing chapter to examining the 'them and us' mentality that at times characterizes relations between prison guards and Muslim prisoners in French jails. Hussey's writing style is frequently pithy and contributes to the accessibility and readability of his work. His acknowledgement that his book lacks a 'neat or tidy conclusion' (394) is perhaps not a matter worthy of criticism given the complexity and unpredictability of the matters he discusses. However, a clearer definition or explanation of some of the more emotive uses of language – including in the book and chapter titles – would not have gone amiss. A more explicit and detailed explanation of the use of the term 'intifada' in the title could certainly have helped to strengthen his position and some chapter titles – such as 'Setting Europe on Fire' (Chapter 26) – create a somewhat sensationalist tone that masks some of the subtleties that are explored in a largely compelling exploration of France's past, present and future at a time when it faces many challenges that pose a threat to its national security.


Introduction In order to promote self-care maintenance behavior in patients with heart failure (HF), it is necessary to identify the direct and indirect effects of major latent variables. Objective This study aimed to identify structural relationships between different domains of cognitive function, depression and self-care confidence, and self-care maintenance. Methods This descriptive study involved a secondary analysis using data of 201 patients with HF from two observational studies in three hospitals in Korea. The structural equation model using AMOS version 24.0 was constructed to assess the relationships among the variables. The Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery was used to assess global cognition, immediate/delayed memory, and executive function, and the Self-Care of HF Index v.6.2. was used for self-care confidence and maintenance. Results Self-care maintenance was affected by memory function with a significant direct effect (β=.43, p = .006), as well as self-care confidence (β=.70, p < .001). Memory function and global function indirectly affected self-care maintenance through self-care confidence (β = −.37, p = .002; β = .14, p = .030). Depressive symptoms also had an indirect effect through self-care confidence on self-care maintenance (β = −.21, p = .005). Conclusion This study confirmed that it is important to increase self-care confidence through supportive care and to maintain memory function for maintaining self-care in the chronic course of HF patients. In particular, this study suggests that it is necessary to perform periodic memory check-ups for chronic HF patients on an outpatient basis, and counseling and education are needed to improve memory and increase confidence in self-care.


High precision robots are often used for complex assembly or positioning tasks. One way to achieve high motion precision is to design mechanical systems based on flexure joints. Flexure joints (or flexures) utilize the elastic properties of matter, which brings avoidance of dry friction. Nanometer scale motions are then possible, without wear, mechanical play or particle emission. Leading to high performance systems in terms of dynamics, parallel kinematics are useful for high precision robot design. Two research projects are presented in this paper. The first one has already led to the realization of a micro electro‐discharge machine (μ‐EDM), and the second one's goal is to generate a family of compact ultra‐high precision manipulators.


The attacks on September ii, 200i, made Americans and their government focus their undivided attention on terrorism. A war on terrorism was declared and battles have been fought by the military, by intelligence agencies, by legal means, and by financial means. Another place in which battles are being fought against terrorism is in Cyberspace-or the Internet.The Internet has proven to be an excellent and popular communication tool. In fact, there were over 605 million people on-line as of September, 2002 (Nua Internet Survey, 2002). Unfortunately, some of those people are terrorists who are using the Internet to reach their goals. This article will describe how terrorists can use the Internet as a propaganda tool to gain support for their cause, to train individuals in isolated terrorist cells, and to send secret electronic messages with little risk of being caught.Using the Internet for Propaganda, Fund Raising, and RecruitmentFor some terrorist organizations, the Internet serves as a way to support their continued existence. There are many web sites that have been created by terrorists or their supporters. In fact, at least i2 terrorist groups on the State Department's list of foreign terrorist organizations have a web site on the Internet (Terrorist Activities, i998). The web sites created by the terrorists allow their organizations to spread propaganda that supports their cause, serve as a way to raise money for their activities, and help recruit new members.One example of a terrorist organization that has a web site is the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), also known as Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. FARC has been identified as a terrorist organization by the United States State Department. The organization is the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party and has engaged in activities such as bombings, murder, hijacking, and other actions against Colombian political, military, and economic targets (Patterns of Global Terrorism, 200i). The FARC web site, which is available at http://www.farc-ep.org, includes articles about their cause, interviews with their leaders, political declarations, and photographs of such things as their training of guerrillas.Another terrorist organization that has a web site is Shining Path, also known as Sendero Luminoso or SL. Shining Path's goal is to destroy existing Peruvian institutions and replace them with a communist regime. The State Department describes Shining Path as "one of the most ruthless terrorist groups in the Western Hemisphere" (Patterns of Global Terrorism, 200i). Activities of Shining Path include assassinations, raids on villages, and bombings, including an attempt to bomb the U.S. Embassy. A web site that has the same goals of Shining Path is entitled "Committee to Support the Revolution in Peru" and is available at http://www.csrp.org. This professional-looking site has dozens of articles, news stories, photographs, and other literature that support the revolution in Peru. The web site also sells items that relate to the communist revolution such as books, pamphlets, music, tapes, buttons, and t-shirts (like one that says "Viva la guerra popular en el Peru!-Yankee go home! U.S. out of Peru!"). It is interesting to note that the web site has a Berkeley, California, address.Another Peruvian terrorist group that has a presence on the web is the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), also known as Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru. According to the State Department, MRTA is a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement with the goal of establishing a Marxist regime in Peru. Their activities include bombings, kidnappings, ambushes, and assassinations. One well-publicized activity was their capture of hundreds of hostages during a takeover of the Japanese Ambassador's residence during a diplomatic reception in Lima in i996 (Patterns of Global Terrorism, 200i). A web sites that supports the e∂orts of MRTA is the "Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement Solidarity Page" which is available at http://burn. …


Abstract : The limitless capacity of America's industrial power must be available to our unified and specified commanders to influence the outcome of future conflicts. Today's defense acquisition system does not allow this weapon to be used by the operational commander because of over regulation and congressional micro management. The capability exists in America's industrial base to produce weapons using CAD/CAM technology to meet real time battlefield needs. The last fifty years holds successful examples of rapid research and development successes, but all outside of the standard acquisition system. The Air Staff developed an effective process to reroute these requirements through the 'system' during DESERT STORM and called it the Rapid Response Process(RRP). This RRP is the foundation for the changes I recommend to the unified and specified command J-8 staffs to facilitate future operational commander's needs. These recommendations include a Secretary of Defense level designation of a requirements review board (made up of J-8 staff) to dole out operationally required projects to the services for real time development. These projects would be funded by the services, out of existing funds. This process would be formalized and exercised to insure it would function in war time. These recommendations would allow the operational commander to bring the full weight of America's industrial prowess to bear on a conflict for it's successful resolution. Research and development, CAD/CAM, Acquisition, Procurement, Operational level of war.


ABSTRACT To clarify the factors affecting 137Cs transfer from soil to brown rice in comparison with 133Cs transfer and also to determine the key parameters of the solid-liquid partition coefficient (K d), concentration factor from soil solution to brown rice (CF), and transfer factor from soil to brown rice (TF), we analyzed the results of our previous paper in which a rice pot-culture experiment under different fertilization treatments using three paddy soils in Fukushima 3 years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident was conducted. The TF values for 137Cs were the same as or smaller than the literature values obtained within 2 years of the accident, 2–17 times higher than those for global fallout 137Cs from atmospheric nuclear tests, and 2–20 times higher than those for natural 133Cs. The CF values for 137Cs were negatively correlated with the soil solution K+ concentration. A theoretical approach, under the assumption that 137Cs in soil is mainly adsorbed at the frayed edge site (FES) and ion exchange of 137Cs with K+ and NH4 + ions is in equilibrium, partly explained the variability in the soil solution 137Cs concentrations under different soil and fertilization conditions and suggested that the major portion of 137Cs in soil would be adsorbed in FES under lower K+ and NH4 + concentrations but fixed in the collapsed interlayer sites under higher K+ and NH4 + concentrations, the ranges of which are typically observed in agricultural soils. Our results indicate that the major factors affecting 137Cs transfer from soil to brown rice would be the 137Cs, K+, and NH4 + concentrations in the soil solution and the time elapsed from the deposition of 137Cs, and emphasize the necessity of including the dynamic 137Cs adsorption and fixation process in soil into the TF prediction models applicable to agricultural soils received with periodical fertilizations.


We describe the first complete polarimetric dataset of the entire outburst of a low-mass black hole X-ray binary system and discuss the constraints for geometry and radiative mechanisms it imposes. During the decaying hard state, when the optical flux is dominated by the non-thermal component, the observed polarization is consistent with the interstellar values in all filters. During the soft state, the intrinsic polarization of the source is small, $\sim 0.15$ per cent in $B$ and $V$ filters, and is likely produced in the irradiated disc. A much higher polarization, reaching $\sim 0.5$ per cent in $V$ and $R$ filters, at position angle of $\sim 25^\circ$ observed in the rising hard state coincides in time with the detection of winds in the system. This angle coincides with the position angle of the jet. The detected optical polarization is best explained by scattering of the non-thermal (hot flow or jet base) radiation in an equatorial wind.


Populations of phalaris bred for improved adaptation to the North-West Slopes were evaluated at two sites west of Manilla from 2004–2007 to determine progress compared with present cultivars and assess their suitability for cultivar release. The persistence of all breeding populations and cultivars declined during the period 2006–07. Nevertheless, the breeding populations as a group were more persistent than the available cultivars with the possible exception of cv. Sirolan. It was decided not to release any of the populations as a cultivar at this stage but to expand testing to lower rainfall areas in southern NSW. The populations are expected to be a valuable breeding resource under a warmer and more drought-prone climate.


The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused massive human and economic destruction. In this paper we argue that the international response to the tsunami exemplifies a shift in the way humanitarian aid is sourced and delivered, and tease out a framework for understanding the continuities and discontinuities that led to differential distribution across a range of sites in southern Thailand. On the one hand we examine the degree to which we can understand differential aid distribution in terms of persistent characteristics in the political economy, such as lack of transparency and corruption . We also consider the importance of 'traditional' structures, networks and resiliences and their role in influencing aid distribution. But these sorts of explanations must be nuanced in light of the emergence of new aid linkages and networks, particularly the move from formal organizations to individualized and direct donations. We suggest these patterns reflect new abilities of communities to mobilize trans-national networks, a more participatory approach to aid donation and an opportunity to re-map the multi-scalar politics of aid.


The Research Division of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is developing a more statistically defensible quality assurance program for its surveys of the farm sector. This effort is not what might be thought of as a re-planning effort to fix specific problem areas as is often done to improve quality (Galvin, 1988; Linebarger, 1988). Instead, the research is focusing on a overall change in NASS philosc~y on how to attack survey quality (Pafford et. al, 1988; Fecso et. al, 1988). QUALITY ASSURAN~ PRDGRAM


Stuart Blume has written an extraordinary book about cochlear implants while at the same time showing how science, technology, medicine, and culture intersect in our postmodern age. The book is in the largest sense about the biopolitical and the biocultural and, as such, will appeal to a wide variety of readers beyond those interested in deafness and the cochlear implant. In my opinion, the book is must reading for medical historians and anyone interested in complex dynamics between a new medical technology and the political-social world into which it must fit. Most writing on cochlear implants take one of two positions. The first is the biomedical position that cochlear implants increase hearing in deaf people and should therefore be available if not mandatory for all deaf patients. Bioethicists have tended to take this side as well, seeing the cochlear implant as offering either an adult or a child a better life. The Deaf community, activists, and Deaf studies scholars have taken up the contrary position, arguing that cochlear implants spell the end of a shared identity and the eradication of a people who do not regard themselves as abnormal humans but rather as a linguistic minority with a rich history, culture, and, above all, language.1 They further object that implanting a very young child with a cochlear implant and forbidding the child to use sign language (which is the current protocol of audiologists, surgeons, and the corporations that make these devices) produces children caught between two worlds—neither Deaf nor hearing—and thus unable to be part of either world. Blume, however, takes a more judicious path, looking carefully at the historical, political, and social forces behind the manufacture and implementation of the cochlear implants as well as the sociological, political, and social aspects of the resistance to the cochlear implants. Yet he is not a disinterested observer either since both of his children are deaf. He describes quite movingly how his role as sociologist to observe objectively sometimes would clash with his desire as a parent to do the right thing for his children (neither of whom were implanted). What Blume discovers in his work is that a key problem in the development of the cochlear implant was that there was virtually no or only token involvement of the patient population. Hearing doctors and technicians simply assumed that that it was better to hear than to be deaf and that a "cure" for deafness would be widely hailed by all concerned. Indeed, the media picked up on the "miracle cure" theme early on, although even now cochlear implants do not "cure" deafness; they merely act as very good hearing aids. Blume's main point is that anyone


Overfitting is one of the most important problems to reduce the performance of a deep learning model, especially in highly nonlinear problems such as estimation of load-carrying capacity of nonlinear inelastic steel trusses. This paper presents common methods to solve overfitting such as Early Stopping, Model Checkpoint, and the combination of both methods. A planar steel truss with 39 elements is used to illustrate the study. Data for the deep learning model is generated by using an advanced analysis, where the inputs are cross-sectional areas of the truss elements and output is the ultimate load factor of the structure. The results show that the combination of Early Stopping and Model Checkpoint provide the best performance regarding both computational efforts and accuracy.


In an effort to model stock markets, many researchers have developed portfolio selection models to maximize satisfaction of investors. However, still this field suggests the need for more accurate and comprehensive models. Development of these models is difficult because of the unpredictable economic, social and political variables that surely affect manners of stock markets. The portfolio model developers have escaped the inspired complexity by some simplifying assumptions like absolute rationality of investors. In this paper a conceptual model for portfolio optimization is presented. Some important features of the model in comparison to others are: 1) Consideration of investors' emotion or psychology of market that is arisen from the 3 above mentioned factors; 2) Significant loosing of simplifying assumptions about markets and stocks; 3) Ability of managing portfolio even according to any specified time interval. As a matter of fact the model is a modular one with modules that are designed in a way that the model can be used for both purposes of portfolio selection and management without the problems that are common in most of the previous ones.


The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and particularly relates to a production method of a high-chromium ferrite stainless-steel 2Cr25N seamless steel pipe blank. The process flow of the production method comprises the following steps: scalping a round blank, heating a forging blank and perforating, wherein a perforating device is used for perforating the round blank to form a rough pipe blank; in the perforating procedure, the total-diameter reduction rate is 8-12%, the top-front reduction rate is less than or equal to 4%, and the ellipticity is 1.06-1.14. The production method has the characteristics of short production period, low preparation cost and the like; and the yield of steel pipes prepared by the blank is high.


The paper analysed the cold extrusion technology of clutch gear in motorcycle starting motor. Its stress was on the mould structure, the matrix and the punch design, the measure of ensuring the coaxiality of clutch and gear, the notice on mould design, etc.


1. Twenty‐seven unanaesthetized new‐born lambs, 6 hr‐10 days old, responded to two levels of inspired oxygen, 125 and 110 mm Hg (alveolar CO2 being controlled) with a sustained increase in minute ventilation (V̇), a small increase in heart rate and a less consistent rise in systemic blood pressure.


Abstract WE43 magnesium alloy has been considered as a promising candidate material for biodegradable coronary stents. In order to evaluate the effects of blood flow on the corrosion process of biodegradable Mg and its alloys, the corrosion behaviours of as cast pure Mg and as extruded WE43 alloy in Hank's solution under three different conditions, i.e. static, stirring and flowing, were investigated in the present work. We found that the as cast pure Mg exhibited much higher corrosion rate than the as extruded WE43 alloy regardless of the liquid flowing condition of the solution. Both pure Mg and WE43 alloy samples exhibited the lowest corrosion rate under the stirring condition while the flowing condition promoted local corrosion with the corrosion rates three to six times faster. The results of this study suggest that static immersion may be not proper to predict in vivo corrosion rates of magnesium alloy stents.


In this paper, we develop a two-strain SIS model on heterogeneous networks with demographics for disease transmission. We calculate the basic reproduction number R0 of infection for the model. We prove that if R0 1, the conditions of the existence and global asymptotical stability of two boundary equilibria and the existence of endemic equilibria are established, respectively. Numerical simulations illustrate that the degree distribution of population varies with time before it reaches the stationary state. What is more, the basic reproduction number R0 does not depend on the degree distribution like in the static network but depend on the demographic factors.


Human-computer interaction (HCI), in recent times, is gaining a lot of significance. The systems based on HCI have been designed for recognizing different facial expressions. The application areas for face recognition include robotics, safety, and surveillance system. The emotions so captured aid in predicting future actions in addition to providing valuable information. Fear, neutral, sad, surprise, happy are the categories of primary emotions. From the database of still images, certain features can be obtained using Gabor Filter (GF) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG). These two techniques are being used while extracting features for getting the expressions from the face. This paper focuses on the customized classification of GF and HOG using the KNN classifier.GF provides texture features whereas HOG finds applications for images exhibiting differing lighting conditions. Simplicity and linearity of KNN classifier appeals for its use in the present application. The paper also elaborates various distances used in KNN classifiers like city-block, Euclidean and correlation distance. This paper uses Matlab implementation of GF, HOG and KNN for extracting the required features and classification, respectively. Results exhibit that the accuracy of city- block distance is more .


The study of post-purchase dissonance can help the masters of the handmade industry effectively organize business processes and plan communications with consumers. The article presents the difference in the formation of processes associated with consumer actions in relation to a possible purchase, depending on the two types of handmade products presented for purchase on online storefronts. The article studies the factors contributing to the occurrence of post-purchase dissonance and the effects caused by post-purchase dissonance, a study of the characteristics of post-purchase dissonance on the Internet, a study of points of view on consumer behavior patterns when shopping for handmade products online, a study of post-purchase dissonance among consumers of handmade products to determine the level of post-purchase dissonance when making purchases of ready-made handmade products and hand-made products to order on the Internet and comparing them. A study conducted by the author has shown that there are differences in the level of post-purchase dissonance when shopping for ready-made handmade products compared to purchases of handmade products to order. Regret about the outcome of the purchase and the purchasing decision-making process is higher in the case of buying a made-to-order product, as buyers are guided when making this type of purchase. In the case of buying a ready-made handmade product, respondents regret the result of the purchase more than the process of making a purchase decision. When buying a made-to-order handmade product, respondents regret the purchasing decision process more than the result of the purchase. The findings are important for developing ways to reduce consumer doubts and regrets about their purchases.


Diffusion of ammonia on Re(001) was studied utilizing optical second harmonic diffraction from surface coverage grating. The diffusion process at initial coverages NH3/Re>0.15 could be simulated only if coverage dependent diffusion constant has been considered. The resulting diffusivity D((theta) )equalsD0 exp(-Em((theta) )/RT), is defined by a barrier for diffusion Em((theta) )equalsE0-(omega) Z(theta) , with activation energy at zero coverage E0equals3.4+/- 0.8 kcal/mol, D0equals2.8(DOT)10-3cm2sec- 1. The repulsion energy between pair of nearest neighbor molecules of (omega) equals0.4+/- 0.06 kcal/mol is obtained if an average of three nearest neighbors is assumed at the edge of the grating. The coverage effect on the diffusivity is found to correlate quantitatively with dipole-dipole repulsion between nearest neighbors. This results in a constant corrugation ratio Ediff/Edes, over the entire coverage range.


Four lots of Canestrato Pugliese cheese were produced to evaluate the influence of the type of rennet (lamb or bovine) and of the mould size (3 and 7 kg) on the proteolysis and chemical composition of this hard cheese made from sheep milk. The curd obtained with lamb rennet showed higher retention of milk fat than the curd made with bovine rennet. This is related to the different chymosin/pepsin ratio, which influenced the state of aggregation of the casein micelles. Hydrolysis of the protein fraction during ripening was affected by the type of rennet used, due to the different retention in the curd, and by the different residual activity influenced by the physicochemical conditions of the cheeses. The highest level of proteolysis was found in the 3 kg cheese made with lamb rennet. Moreover, formation of water soluble nitrogen was closely related to the area/weight ratio of the cheeses.


Increasingly more governmental organizations in the U.S. have started to implement artificial intelligence to enhance the asset management process with an objective of controlling the costs of data collection. To help the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) to automate the data collections process, related to various assets in the state, an automated assets management data collection was proposed. As an example, the automated traffic barriers asset dataset would collect geometric characteristics, and barriers' materials' conditions, e.g., being rusty or not. The information would be stored and accessed for asset-management-decision-making and optimization process to fulfill various objectives such as traffic safety improvement, or assets' enhancement. For instance, the State of Wyoming has more than a million feet of roadside barriers, worth more than 100 million dollars. One-time collection of various characteristics of those barriers has cost the state more than half a million dollars. Thus, this study, as a first step for comprehensive data collection, proposed a novel approach in identification of roadside barrier types. Pre-trained inception v3, denseNet 121, and VGG 19 were implemented in this study. Transfer learning was used as there were only 250 images for training of the dataset for each category. For that method, the topmost layers were removed, along with adding two more new layers while freezing the remaining layers. This study achieved an accuracy of 97% by the VGG 19 network, training only the few last layers of the model along with adding two dense layers for top layers. The results indicated that although there are not enough observations related to traffic barrier images, a transfer learning application could be considered in data collection. A simple architecture non-transfer model was also implemented. This model achieved an accuracy of 85%, being better that the two other transfer learning techniques. It should be reiterated that although non-transfer learning technique outperformed inception and denseNet networks, it comes short significantly when it come to the VGG network.


SOME ASPECTS RELATING TO THE PLANNING OF OPEN SPACES FOR THE USE OF THE PUBLIC (LANES, PARKS, GARDENS, ETC) WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A SYSTEM OF PRIVATE PROPERTY ARE DISCUSSED. THE LEGAL PROBLEM ARISES FROM THE CONFRONTATION OF THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTERESTS AND FROM THE COMPENSATION ASSESSED WHEN THE LAND GOES FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC OWNERSHIP. THE VARIOUS PROCESSES ARE ANALYZED: COMPENSATION BY GAIN IN VALUE, INDEMNITY, REALLOTMENT TO CORRECT THE PLANNING INEQUALITIES, INDIVIDUAL EXPROPRIATION IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS, AND USE OF NEGOTIATIONS. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH SOLUTION ARE DISCUSSED, AND REMEDIAL MEASURES ARE PROPOSED. FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106219.


The number of reported web application vulnerabilities is increasing dramatically. The most of vulnerabilities result from improper input validation. This paper presents extensions to the Tainted Mode model which allows intermodule vulnerabilities detection. Besides, this paper presents a new approach to vulnerability analysis which incorporates advantages of penetration testing and dynamic analysis henceforth, it is required to have secured services. The main concern is to provide security to end user to protect files or data from the unauthorized group. The web application is now used to perform an intelligent standard of collection of services, applications, information, infrastructure comprised of pools of computer, network, information, and storage resources. With these advantages storing a large amount of data including important information on websites motivates a highly accomplished hacker to hack the critical information also. Hence, security is considered a topmost issue in cloud computing. This paper aims at analyzing encryption algorithms based on factors such as cost, time, key length and block size. The analysis indicates that several algorithm and various tools help in improving security to save the data. Keywords— Web application, Web security, Cyber security, Web security tools, Vulnerability analysis, Penetration testing, Dynamic analysis, Report generation


New kinetic data yielding a slower formation rate and larger absorption cross sections of C{ell}{sub 2}O{sub 2} are incorporated into a photochemical model to reassess the role of chlorine chemistry in accounting for the ozone reductions derived from TOMS observations in different regions of the Antarctic polar vortex during 1987. The model is further constrained by existing measurements from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) and the National Ozone Expedition (NOZE)-II. Calculated concentrations of C{ell}O based on the new kinetic data increase by almost a factor of two between the collar and core regions of the vortex during the second half of September. As a result of the higher concentrations of C{ell}O, the calculated ozone reductions in the vortex core appear to be still consistent with the TOMS observations in spite of the slower rate for the self-reaction of C{ell}O. The agreement in the collar region is poorer. However, uncertainties in mixing, possible spatial inhomogeneities in both C{ell}O and O{sub 3}, the lack of more extensive data, and the uncertainties in the rate data and observations preclude determination of whether additional processes are required to account for the observed ozone removal in the collar region.


Teaching models play an important role in the reform of College English teaching.The three-dimensional teaching model: RW(reading and writing)+LS(listening and speaking) +SL(self-oriented learning) model is proposed in close connection with the real conditions in Wuhan University of Science and Technology and has been in practice.In this model,RW is the basis,SL is the extension,and LS is the focus,all of which serve the same purpose to improve students' comprehensive abilities in English,especially their listening and speaking abilities.


There are certain risks and returns that may appear and need to be considered by investors in capital market. The two types of risk are systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Systematic risk is also called as beta since it is the measurement of systematic risk. Based on previous researches, it was obtained that financial variables including financial leverage, liquidity, asset growth, profitability and dividend payout ratio had inconsistent results as stock beta predictor. Therefore the researcher is motivated to examine these financial variables as the stock beta predictor. Technique of data analysis in this research are of test of classic assumptions and test of hyphotesis that used multiple regression analysis. The research result: 1) financial leverage cannot  affect stock beta because. 2) Liquidity has negative significant effect to stock beta. 3) Asset growth cannot affect stock beta. 4) Profitability  has positive significant effect to stock beta. 5) Dividend payout ratio cannot affect to stock beta.


Temperature differentially affects the toleration, developmental, and response physiology of host and parasite species and therefore modifies the co-actions of host-parasite populations. This example of the influence of a physical agent on host-parasite interaction indicates that the changing physical environment can control the types and intensities of many of the biotic interactions that occur in natural communities.


Entrepreneurial orientation has not been much studied in conjunction with leadership to assess the organizational dynamics. This study aims to identify the interaction between complexity leadership functions and investigating their relationship with entrepreneurial orientation—this research study used survey questionnaire methods to collect cross-sectional quantitative data. To test research hypotheses, a sample of 288 respondents was collected from the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. Analysis extracted 15 fine-grain interactions for all the five complexity leadership functions. Findings indicate a significant relationship between generative leadership, information gathering leadership, information using leadership and entrepreneurial orientation, the partial relationship between administrative leadership and entrepreneurial orientation. However, an insignificant relationship was found between community-building leadership and entrepreneurial orientation because the Telecommunication sector might not focus much on community building compared to other practices of complexity leadership functions. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the domain of leadership and entrepreneurial leadership. For practitioners, the study highlights fine-grain interactions of complexity leadership functions to further augment entrepreneurial orientation.


AbstractThe Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) has been leading an Ocean Special Area Management Plan (SAMP) aimed at zoning the state's coastal waters to accommodate offshore wind farm developments. In previous SAMP related work, the authors had considered the wind farm siting issue as an optimization problem between wind resources and technological constraints. In the present analysis, the additional constraints on wind farm siting of ecosystem services "cost", in particular ecological and social services, are explored in an ecosystem-based management (EBM) conceptual framework. An ecological typology of the coastal area is developed on the basis of ecological variables, using spatial multivariate principal component and cluster analyses. Then, the sensitivity of the resulting ecological subregions to wind farm impact is assessed through the construction of ecological services impact indexes. A fishery service index is used to assess the fisheries services constraints. Ecosystem se...


Growth of Polytypic Crystals.- Spectroscopic Investigations of Defect Structures and Structural Transformations in Ionic Crystals.- Hydrodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer During Crystal Growth.- Author Index Volumes 1-10.


Aims: to study the epidemiological risk factors of lymphedema treated and their relation to the evolution of pathology. Check the results after treatment with decongestive physical therapy, taking into account the affiliation of the patient to treatment. Risk factors: source, surgical intervention, associated treatments, side of intervention in relation to the dominant side, related diseases and affiliation to therapy. Material and method: longitudinal, retrospective, observational, descriptive study. Initial sample: 40 patients with lymphedema, excluding 3 exitus. The study includes 35 women (94.6 %) and 2 men (5.4 %) with an average age of 57.92 years ± (standard deviation 7.99) attending in the Torrecardenas Rehabilitation Hospital between october 2001 and may 2004. Inclusion criteria: having a perimeter > 2 cm and treated by the same physiotherapist. Variables: appearance times of edema (early: before 2 months; post-irradiation: after radiotherapy, late: after 2 years or more), pain in the affected limb as measured by a «yes-no» type and questionnaire patient collaboration being judged «good» when participating in hygiene measures, skin care, bandaging, and treatment attendance kinesitherapy and «bad» if not complying with any one of the above. Results: the application of radiotherapy influences the time to onset of edema (p < 0.001). The onset of pain is more frequent when the affected side coincides with the dominant side (p = 0.029). Confidence interval (CI) 95% (1, 2-2, 7). Influence of patient cooperation in the results (odds ratio OR: 84), 95% CI (6, 5-1083, 6). Conclusions: there is a tendency to suffer pain when the treated side coincides with the dominant member. The results are influenced by patient cooperation in physical therapy treatment.