Since invasive alien species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss in the region and thus of changes in ecosystem services, it is important to find the best possible solution for their removal from nature and the best practice for their usability. The aim of the study was to investigate their properties as components of wood-plastic composites and to investigate the properties of the wood-plastic composites produced. The overall objective was to test the potential of available alien plant species as raw material for the manufacture of products. This would contribute to sustainability and give them a better chance of ending their life cycle. One of the possible solutions on a large scale is to use alien wood species for the production of wood plastic composites (WPC). Five invasive alien hardwood species have been used in combination with polyethylene powder (PE) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) to produce various flat pressed WPC boards. Microstructural analyses (confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical tests (flexural strength, tensile strength) were performed. Furthermore, measurements of density, thickness swelling, water absorption and dimensional stability during heating and cooling were carried out. Comparisons were made between the properties of six WPC boards (five alien wood species and mixed boards). The results showed that the differences between different invasive alien wood species were less obvious in mechanical properties, while the differences in sorption properties and dimensional stability were more significant. The analyses of the WPC structure showed a good penetration of the polymer into the lumens of the wood cells and a fine internal structure without voids. These are crucial conditions to obtain a good, mechanically strong and water-resistant material.


We extend the result on the stability of travelling waves for stochastic Nagumo equations in [St] to general bistable reaction-diffusion equations with both additive and multiplicative noise, using a variational approach based on functional inequalities. Our analysis yields explicit estimates on the rate of stability that can be shown in special examples to be optimal.
[St] Stannat, W., Stability of travelling waves in stochastic Nagumo equations, arXiv:1301.6378, 2013.


It is difficult to identify various faults of electric motors by using FFT to analyze the noise signal.This paper introduces wavelet theory and applies it to the common fault diagnosis of micro-power induction motor.Several types of fault noise are analyzed with multi-resolution analysis.The results show that the proposed method has a better performance in rapidity and validity.It also sheds light on further research.


OBJECTIVE: To verify the figure of the Friend of Criminal Law in the specific case of Paulo Salim Maluf and in other cases of similar impunity. RESULTS: it was possible to find and point out the Friends of Criminal Law within the political sphere, although the author of this research does not rule out that there are also, as entrepreneurs of high social level and high purchasing power, who can also configure in this same species. METHOD: As for the level, it is an exploratory research, with a qualitative approach and, as a data collection method, is documentary and bibliographic. CONCLUSION: indeed, economic power combined with social power, in the course of the activity, is essential for the characterization of the Friend of Criminal Law. By analyzing the specific cases, it was found that by the economic power of these individuals, there is a facility to appeal to the last degree of jurisdiction, consequently delaying the process of penalization, which may lead to the prescription of the action, and ultimately generating the impunity of the agent.


A lot of crustal deformation and groundwater stations in Hebei Province recorded coseismic effect when Indonesia Sumatra M8.7 earthquake occurred on Dec.,26,2004.The characteristics of coseismaic effect in the precursory data of Hebei Province are analyzed here.The results show that this earthquake might cause faulting in the mid-eastern area of Hebei Province,and led to the occurrence of Wenan M5.1 earthquake after one and a half year.


........................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................ 2 1.1 Cereals and disease resistance ............................................................ 2 1.1.1 The Gramineae: a family of the plant kingdom ...................................................... 2 1.1.2 Susceptibility of cereals to pathogenic fungi .......................................................... 2 1.1.3 Resistance mechanisms in plants ......................................................................... 3 1.2 Secondary metabolites ....................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Secondary metabolites in plants .......................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Saponins and disease resistance .......................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Avenacins: Structure and function ....................................................................... 8 1.3 Pathway to avenacin production .......................................................... 9 1.3.1 Primary and secondary metabolism in plants ......................................................... 9 1.3.2 Sterol and triterpene synthesis: a branchpoint between primary and secondary metabolism ....................................................................................................... 9 1.3.3 Applications of characterising secondary metabolic pathways ................................ 13 1.3.4 Elucidating biosynthetic pathways in plants ......................................................... 14 1.3.5 Identification of genes involved in avenacin biosynthesis in oats ............................ 15 1.4 Oxidosqualene cyclases in plants, animals and fungi ............................ 26 1.4.1 Cloning of oxidosqualene cyclases involved in sterol production ............................. 26 1.4.2 Cloning of oxidosqualene cyclases involved in triterpene production ....................... 27 1.4.3 Alternative strategies for cloning plant oxidosqualene cyclase genes ...................... 29 1.5 Structure-function relationships in plant OSCs ..................................... 30 1.5.1 Conserved features: vast product differences ...................................................... 30 1.5.2 Solving the structures of triterpenoid cyclases ..................................................... 31 1.5.3 Insights into enzyme mechanism ....................................................................... 33 Chapter 2 Homology modelling of AsbAS1 ................................. 37 2.


1 The epithelial Ca2+ channel (ECaC) family represents a unique group of Ca2+‐selective channels that share limited homology to the ligand‐gated capsaicin receptors, the osmolarity‐sensitive channel OTRPC4, as well as the transient receptor potential family. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that this family is restricted to two members, ECaC1 and ECaC2 (also named CaT1). 2 RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that the two channels are co‐expressed in calbindin‐D‐containing epithelia, including small intestine, pancreas and placenta, whereas kidney and brain only express ECaC1 and stomach solely ECaC2. 3 From an electrophysiological point of view, ECaC1 and ECaC2 are highly similar channels. Differences concern divalent cation permeability, the kinetics of Ca2+‐dependent inactivation and recovery from inactivation. 4 Ruthenium red is a potent blocker of ECaC activity. Interestingly, ECaC2 has a 100‐fold lower affinity for ruthenium red (IC50 9 ± 1 μm) than ECaC1 (IC50 121 ± 13 nm). 5 ECaCs are modulated by intracellular Mg2+ and ATP. ECaC1 and ECaC2 activity rapidly decay in the absence of intracellular ATP. This effect is further accelerated at higher intracellular Mg2+ concentrations. 6 In conclusion, ECaC1 and ECaC2 are homologous channels, with an almost identical pore region. They can be discriminated by their sensitivity for ruthenium red and show differences in Ca2+‐dependent regulation.


Large-scale pretrained language models (PreLMs) are revolutionizing natural language processing across all benchmarks. However, their sheer size is prohibitive in low-resource or large-scale applications. While common approaches reduce the size of PreLMs via same-architecture distillation or pruning, we explore distilling PreLMs into more efficient order-aware embedding models. Our results on the GLUE benchmark show that embedding-centric students, which have learned from BERT, yield scores comparable to DistilBERT on QQP and RTE, often match or exceed the scores of ELMo, and only fall behind on detecting linguistic acceptability.


The conclusion of Tmol shilshom is as satisfying as the climax of a Wagnerian opera or a Cecil B. De Mille movie. There is human sacrifice and there are claps of thunder and torrents of rain and cosmic evidence of divine wrath expended and placated. Nor does the novel's melodramatic end fail to satisfy its hyberbolic beginning: Isaac Kumer the naif, whose inflated dream of Zion carried the seeds of its own destruction, is bitten by a mad dog and sacrificed on the altar of the most primitive version of Jewish theodicy.


Objective:To investigate the expression of RhoC protein in normal ovarian tissues,benign ovarian epithelial tumors,borderline malignancies and ovarian epithelial carcinoma,and to explore the correlation between the expression of RhoC protein and occurrence,progression and biological behavior of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods:The expression of RhoC protein was detected by immunohistochemistrical SP method in 19 samples of normal ovarian tissues,20 samples of ovarian benign epithelial tumor,27 samples of ovarian epithelial borderline tumor and 45 samples of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.The relationship between RhoC protein and pathological feature was analyzed.Results:RhoC was absent in both normal ovarian tissues and benign epithelial tumors.The positive rates of RhoC protein expression in borderline tumors and ovarian cancer were 25.93%and 26.67%,respectively,significantly higher than in normal ovarian tissues and benign ovarian epithelial tumors(P0.05).No significant difference was found in RhoC protein expression between ovarian carcinoma and borderline tumors(P0.05).The expression of RhoC protein was correlated with clinical stage and histological differentiation,but not associated with pathological type(P0.05).Tissues from ovarian carcinoma of late stage and poor differentiation presented with increased RhoC expression.Conclusion:RhoC protein may play an important role in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer.The detection of RhoC protein expression may be helpful in predicting the malignant degree of ovarian tumor and its prognosis.


This paper proposes an iterative receiver to enhance the performance of hybrid asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HACO-OFDM) in optical wireless communication systems. In HACO-OFDM scheme, asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) and pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT) signals are transmitted simultaneously, which is more spectrally efficient compared with ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT. However, the existing HACO-OFDM receiver directly recovers the signals in the frequency domain, which could not eliminate the interference thoroughly between ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT signals and limits its performance. In our proposed receiver, the ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT signals are detected in the frequency domain and regenerated in the time domain. After that, they are subtracted from the received signals iteratively. Thus, ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT signals can be distinguished. By taking advantage of the signal symmetry properties of ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT in the time domain, pairwise clipping is utilized to further reduce the effect of noise and estimation error, resulting in improved performance. In addition, unequal power allocation is proposed to guarantee that ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT signals have similar performance in HACO-OFDM systems. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides significant signal-to-noise ratio gain over the conventional receiver for both equal and unequal power allocations at the cost of slightly increased complexity.


Through the experiment with two concrete filled steel tubular frame structures under reversed cyclic loads, which have the same shapes, materials and dimensions, several characteristics of these frame behaviors, such as failure features, deformation and energy consuming ability are studied. Seismic behaviors of the concrete filled steel tubular frame structures are also analysed.Experimental basis is provided for engineering design.


This paper proposes a new method to building a fuzzy neural classifier which could be thought as a fuzzy system completed with a neural network. First we need to obtain an initial rule-based fuzzy classifier, then convert this system into a multilayer feedforward neural network architecture. Recently, automatically generating fuzzy rules from numerical data has received more and more attention. Based on thee traditional ID3 algorithm, we propose a fuzzy ID3 algorithm for feature space partitioning. The rule-based fuzzy classifier can be determined from the feature subspaces.


This paper analyses the working principle of the radio proximity fuze and the taget characteristics of the parachute target.Based on this,by the simulation test,it is proved that the actuation probability of the radio proximity fuze may be reduced in the special conditions of projectile-target encounter and in the unopened condition of the corner reflector of parachute target.


Comparison theorems, in which the stability properties of n-dimensional systems are deduced from those of associated one-dimensional systems, are well known in the case of systems described by differential and other equations. These are based on the use of Liapunov techniques and certain differential inequalities. In this paper this approach is applied to the case of n-dimensional difference equations (discrete systems). After first establishing the necessary difference inequalities, comparison theorems are proven for stability, uniform stability, asymptotic stability, and uniform asymptotic stability of discrete systems. These are more general than the standard Liapunov stability theorems for such systems.


Before beginning my lectures I wish to record the pride and the pleasure with which I received the invitation to come to Birmingham in order to inaugurate the Leonard Parsons Lectures, and, at the same time, to express my regard for Sir Leonard. He was a distinguished physician in the British classical tradition, an accurate observer and full of the wisdom derived from great experience and wide reading and salted by innate common sense. To this was added his keen human interest, understanding and a great kindness. His perspective was broad so that, when he considered a detail, he never lost sight of the whole. This enabled him to perceive relationships in their large proportions and to measure situations correctly and this also kept him from being diverted to the fashions of thought or predilections of the moment. He always remained consistent with himself. Whether in medicine or outside it, his judgment could be counted on to show sanity and reliability and in approaching the problems of others he was able to withdraw himself. Sir Leonard had an easily awakened curiosity, and his nervous system must have been made of iron stuff and been under iron control, for in spite of the burden of his large practice and administrative duties he was able at will to disengage his thoughts from them and to turn to the problems of illness and to explore them. This ability always seemed to me remarkable; how few of us, carrying his responsibilities, would not be overwhelmed by them-too weary or absorbed to think beyond the attendant anxieties. His studies, which were always clinical and eminently practical, were characterized by breadth and soundness. Then, withal, he was simple, friendly and accessible and could adapt so easily to any situation, as when at my house he took off his coat and played baseball with the children and became one of them. It was these qualities of the heart which made people so love him. In his chosen subject of paediatrics he was a world figure and elder statesman, a combination of intelligence, integrity and practical idealism, which characterize so many of your distinguished men. Though I saw him infrequently, I was, like others, drawn to him by his worth, and felt for him unstinted admiration.


Owing to the decline of the flouring age, the mentality of the poets in the late Tang Dynasty experienced great changes. Du Mu's mentality is a typical model of the poets'in the late Tang Dynasty. Looks over Du Mu to chant the history theme poetry, the Mentality of Remembering past times is much richerw. The crosswise inspection entire late Tang poet community, similarly has this kind of stronger sad point of view. Almost all of the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have the same mentality. this kind of point of view change has the quite obvious influence to the literature.


The data parallel implementation scheme of zero-order interpolation and first-order interpolation of backward mapping is proved and discussed. It is shown that the complexity of data parallel implementation scheme presented in this paper is Ο(M+N) instead of Ο(MN) in sequential processing, thereby it can easily meet the real time requirements of the digital image processing.


ABSTRACT Population-based intervention coverage data are used to inform the design of projects, programs, and policies and to evaluate their impact. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), household surveys are the primary source of coverage data. Many coverage surveys are implemented by organizations with limited experience or resources in population-based data collection. We developed a streamlined survey and set of supporting materials to facilitate rigorous survey design and implementation. The RADAR coverage survey tool aimed to 1) rigorously measure priority reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health & nutrition coverage indicators, and allow for equity and gender analyses; 2) use standard, valid questions, to the extent possible; 3) be as light as possible; 4) be flexible to address users' needs; and 5) be compatible with the Lives Saved Tool for analysis of program impact. Early interactions with stakeholders also highlighted survey planning, implementation, and analysis as challenging areas. We therefore developed a suite of resources to support implementers in these areas. The toolkit was piloted by implementers in Tanzania and in Burkina Faso. Although the toolkit was successfully implemented in these settings and facilitated survey planning and implementation, we found that implementers must still have access to sufficient resources, time, and technical expertise in order to use the tool appropriately. This potentially limits the use of the tool to situations where high-quality surveys or evaluations have been prioritized and adequately resourced.


Despite the all-pervasive impact of smartphones on day-today life of human beings, the adoption of mobile apps for fitness tracking has however been observed as low. The objective of this research paper is to look at some of the key factors that influence consumers at large in adopting mobile app for fitness tracking. Apart from undertaking a detailed data analysis on the various demographics to which the consumers belong, the content analysis validates the importance of behavioral characteristic techniques which have evolved over a period of time in recent years to describe the positive and negative impacts of both internal and external environment on the consumers. The paper is intended to be a good reference point for the marketing professionals as well as software vendors to have a thorough understanding on the adoption of fitness apps as per usage preferences.


In many extant analyses of the impact of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences it is typical to focus on the details of market access value of tariff concessions as explanation for why export of beneficiaries may or may not respond to incentives. Very often the role that supply-related factors can and do play in the process is relegated to the background. This paper argues that the social absorption capability of a beneficiary's economy as expressed in her incumbent National System of Innovation is a crucial determinant of export performance response. The experience of sub-Sahara African countries under the US African Growth and Opportunity Act apparel trade incentive is used as a classical illustration of this proposition. It is shown that the comparative efficiency of Lesotho, despite emerging from a relatively weak performance potential background, in recording the highest level of export success among beneficiaries of the scheme is a function of the relative efficiency of her system of innovation in garment. Keyword: Institution, Innovation, NSI, Trade Preference, Garment Section 1: Introduction Analytical models of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences (henceforth, NRSTP) have implicit recognition for the potential role of supply-related capability in facilitating export performance responses from beneficiaries. Yet in the continuing analysis of the effectiveness of programmes emphasis is overwhelmingly on the details of demand related factors with respect to whether or not effective rate of protection is sufficiently reduced by tariff concessions to stimulate export of targeted products. In intellectual exercises of this genre it is common for researchers to focus on the impact of NRSTP typically by regressing a binary preference variable on bilateral trade flows. Whatever the outcome of estimation turns out to be, postmortem diagnoses often place responsibility at the door-step of the real the value of concessions afforded by programmes. In one extant survey of literature Brown finds that though some evidence exist that NRSTPs stimulate export of preferred products their impacts have largely been unsubstantial due to the imposition of such restrictive conditions as product exclusions, quantitative restrictions, rules of origins etc all of which appeared to have limited the value of incentives they offer (Brown, D. K. 1988). In a more recent exercise, Hoekman and Ozden also report that many empirical assessment of the impact of NRSTPs reveal that these schemes have had limited impact on export expansion in targeted areas largely because of their value-diminishing restrictive conditions such as imposition of quota ceiling, competitive needs limit, product coverage, rules of origin etc (Hoekman and Ozden, 2005). Efforts to bring some of the supply related factors into focus have so far been limited. Insights from available studies reveal that the pervasiveness of structural weaknesses in virtually all sectors of beneficiaries' economies makes utilisation of benefits of market access preferences difficult for domestic producers (UNCTAD, 2003). These weaknesses are usually thought of in terms of critical deficiencies in the supply of business support physical and institutional infrastructures. While this would undoubtedly explain part of the problems associated with export responses it is our opinion that it is not a sufficient explanation. The issue of capacity to supply must move beyond these basics to accommodating the fact that it is the social absorption capability of an economy which as argued later in this paper finds expression in the incumbent National System of Innovation (NSI) that matters. Therefore, the main task of the paper is to show that all other things being equal a country with more efficient system of national innovation will do a better job of capturing benefits externalised by developmental aid programmes like NRSTP. In other words, export performance response to preferential trade stimulus is here hypothesised to be stronger for countries with relatively efficient NSIs. In the section that follows insights from three strands of analytical literature that includes institutional economics, NSI and trade preference are used to motivate this argument with the overall objective of developing a conceptual framework for the analyses that are undertaken. Subsequently in Section 3, the experience of sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries in relation to garment export performance under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) trade preferences are presented. To explain this performance especially with respect to the superior achievement of Lesotho Section 4 traces the evolution of her NSI in garment and Section 5 places it in context of the NSIs of some of the comparator countries. The paper's concluding comments are contained in Section 6. Section 2: Analytical Framework The last decade of the twentieth century witnessed a major twist in development debate as the hitherto dominant neoliberal paradigm came under scathing attacks. Apparently dissatisfied with the failure of neoclassical policy prescriptions to overcome fundamental problems of development thematic diagnosis took a different turn with the resurgence of institutional perspective. Of great influence in this new dawn are two strands of institutional thought one being associated with the theory of 'path dependence' and the other with 'imperfection' The path dependence approach led in the main by Nobel Laurel Douglas North has a very sympathetic disposition to the market friendly view of the neoliberals preferring only to limit the role of institution in development to the extent that it is sufficient to support the working of a ArrowDebreau type competitive market economy. In the minimum however, as long as institutionally defined rule of engagement does not inhibit the process of market operations everything would, understandably, be fine. Those who latched on the theory of imperfection to launch their attacks are however more combative in their style. They claim that the conditions under which the Arrow-Debreau competitive general equilibrium model was obtained is suspicious. In particular the assumptions of perfect information and perfect markets are considered to be too simplifying and that imperfection is the pervasive reality especially in the context of development analysis. As a major proponent of this thought another Nobel Price Winner Joseph Stiglitz along with his collaborators moved further to show that these imperfections generate externality-like effects which through positive feedback can give rise to multiple equilibria. Whether a society settles down at a low-level inefficient equilibrium point or a high-level efficient one depends in part on its history and in part on its social absorption capability. For instance, accident of history that facilitates incidence of skilled immigrants is seen as one type of historical event that can move such economy from one equilibrium point to another. Social absorption capability however, relates to systemic capability of a socioeconomic nature to internalise the externalities and drive the economy from low-level to high-level equilibrium point. It is viewed in terms of market intervention of an institutional kind. According Stiglitz, it is a form of coordinated effort on the part of both government and private sector to enhance the ability of a society to innovate, deploy resources efficiently, adopt newer improved technologies or produce products that were not produced within the country previously (Stiglitz, 1995). The efficacy of such coordinated intervention determines the social absorption capability of an economy. It can be argued that the emphasis on partnership between the state and the private sector in driving development agenda especially of an innovative kind resonates well with the concept of NSI that appears to have gained increased analytical attention since the works of Freeman (Freeman 1987), Bengt Åke Lundvall (Lundvall 1992) and Richard Nelson (Nelson1993). Although its adoption as a framework for understanding and promoting development was initially confined to the OECD and developed countries, since the efforts of the Aalborg University and the DRUID Programme however, the NSI framework has been increasingly applied to study the problem of underdevelopment in developing countries. More recently, Muchie and his colleagues sought to apply the concept specifically to African realities (Muchie, et. al., 2002). As an analytical construct the NSI focuses on the network and interaction of institutions in both public and private sectors that are concerned with generation and application of new knowledge (innovative activities). These institutions often include but not limited to firms, universities, government, investment banks and other national regulatory bodies. Depending on peculiarities and circumstances other agencies may be included in so far as their activities directly or indirectly affect innovation (Lundvall, 1992). Particularly important for absorptive capability is the recognition in NSI studies that state institution plays a central role in the emergence and diffusion of new knowledge. The emphasis on public private partnership in many extant definitions of the concept seems to have underscored this fact (Hung, 2000). As an actor of pre-eminence status the state provides direction, frames the policy agenda and creates incentives and conditions necessary for new knowledge to take-off (Baskaran and Muchie, 2009). It would be quite difficult to fault the logic that presence of an enabling environment is a necessary precondition for absorbing new technology. In a recent analysis of the evolution of Norway's Innovation System Fagerberg et al., (2008) described how state's intervention has been so pivotal in the transformation of the track of industrial development from its light knowledge base to knowledge intensive path. In their analysis, the au


Information technology is witnessing great development over time, and the use of computers and its various accessories such as printers, is spreading in various areas of life and for several purposes. And there has become a great necessity to connect computers through computer network technologies, whether local or global in the world, to exchange various data by sending them through networks, and this means that the computer is no longer alone in this environment, but must be located within a network, send and receive And he exchanges information with other devices, and this development has provided humanity with more facilities, but in return there has become a fertile field for criminals to practice their criminal activities, from here the concept emerged Informational crime. This paper will discuss this protection through the use of a branch of computer science called Artificial Intelligence AI. This survey is focused mainly on a task of intrusion detection by using Ml as sub-field from AI fields. We use Machine Learning (ML) at intrusion detection systems. Also, machine learning is not the only application of artificial intelligence that can be used, but there are several other applications.


Time dependent density functional (TD-DFT) calculations were performed on 1,3-benzoxazole and substituted benzoxazoles using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d) basis sets. The geometry of the S0 and S1 singlet ground and excited states were optimized in gas phase, toluene and methanol using B3LYP/6-31+G(d) y CIS/6-31+G(d) methods, respectively, and the vertical π → π* absorption largest wavelength transitions were determined. Several global molecular descriptors were considered such as the hardness, chemical potential, electronegativity and the dipole moment for each molecule and was determined the influence that has, about the values of these descriptors, the alteration of the main molecular chain of an initial structure (1,3 not substituted Benzoxazole). Generally, the predicted spectra are in agreement with the experimental data.


Taking the household refrigerator made by L Refrigerate Company as the research object,the article introduces how to apply QFD technology to the development of refrigerator.Based on the customers and market,it also discusses the Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and the four processes of house of quality,namely,production plan,accessory equip- ment,craftwork plan and production control.Finally,the article provides some suggestions how to face the problems during the QFD practice.


Background Direct percutaneous trans1umina1 coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is widely accepted in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction since excellent results had been reported from several small randomized trials, Less favourable results were observed in large-scale registries, In particular, the use of stents in acute myocardial infarction has become common practice without documented evidence of clinical efficacy,


Many challenges are faced by enterprise informationalization in today's rapidly changing environment. One approach to understanding these challenges is to find out what are the key issues for senior managers perceiving. The results of enterprise informationalization key issues studies can help them to prepare and plan in advance. Based on a survey in 2005-2006,this paper studies the key informationalization issues of china firms,discusses the top tens in detail,and compares the top 10s in different types of industries and/or ownerships respectively.


e17539 Background: The usual way in which Argentinean doctors (Dr) register a patient's (Pt) PMH in the Clinical record (CR) is the anamnesis. It has proved to be quite heterogeneous. At the Instit...


Two minor saponins, Sanchinoside B_1 and B_2 were isolated from the rootlets of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. The structure of Sanchinoside B_1 was established as dammar-20 (22)-en-3 β, 12 β, 25 triol-6-O-β-Dgluxopyranoside, a new dammarane-saponin. The sapogenin dammar 20(22)-ene3 B-12 B-6α, 25 tetrol was also shown to be a new sapogenin. Sanchinoside B_2 was identified to be a known saponin, Ginsenoside-Rh_1.


A two-dimensional experimental and computational examination of the effect of splitter plate length on a flatback airfoil on both aerodynamic performance and vortex shedding behavior is presented. The FB-3500-1750 airfoil is a thick airfoil with a blunt trailing edge designed for the inboard region of wind turbine blades. Its maximum thickness is 35% of the airfoil chord, with a trailing edge thickness of 17.5%. In the present study, the FB-3500-1750 was tested in the University of California, Davis aeronautical wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 666,000 with fixed transition. The wind tunnel results are compared with computational predictions obtained using OVERFLOW, a Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes solver. Drag reductions of at least 27% from the baseline were observed both experimentally and computationally with the inclusion of a splitter plate with length 50% tTE. Additionally, increasing splitter plate length was shown to continue to decrease the base drag. Maximum lift reductions and earlier stall angles were also observed with increasing splitter plate length though in the wind tunnel tests with the 50% tTE case, the loss in was limited to 5%. Examining vortex shedding behavior, increases in the nondimensional shedding frequency, Strouhal number, were seen with increasing splitter plate length.


Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, organ failure(s), and high 28‐day mortality. We investigated whether assessments of patients at specific time points predicted their need for liver transplantation (LT) or the potential futility of their care. We assessed clinical courses of 388 patients who had ACLF at enrollment, from February through September 2011, or during early (28‐day) follow‐up of the prospective multicenter European Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) ACLF in Cirrhosis study. We assessed ACLF grades at different time points to define disease resolution, improvement, worsening, or steady or fluctuating course. ACLF resolved or improved in 49.2%, had a steady or fluctuating course in 30.4%, and worsened in 20.4%. The 28‐day transplant‐free mortality was low‐to‐moderate (6%‐18%) in patients with nonsevere early course (final no ACLF or ACLF‐1) and high‐to‐very high (42%‐92%) in those with severe early course (final ACLF‐2 or ‐3) independently of initial grades. Independent predictors of course severity were CLIF Consortium ACLF score (CLIF‐C ACLFs) and presence of liver failure (total bilirubin ≥12 mg/dL) at ACLF diagnosis. Eighty‐one percent had their final ACLF grade at 1 week, resulting in accurate prediction of short‐ (28‐day) and mid‐term (90‐day) mortality by ACLF grade at 3‐7 days. Among patients that underwent early LT, 75% survived for at least 1 year. Among patients with ≥4 organ failures, or CLIF‐C ACLFs >64 at days 3‐7 days, and did not undergo LT, mortality was 100% by 28 days. Conclusions: Assessment of ACLF patients at 3‐7 days of the syndrome provides a tool to define the emergency of LT and a rational basis for intensive care discontinuation owing to futility. (Hepatology 2015;62:243‐252)


By using a novel coating approach based on the reaction between MC(2)O(4)·xH(2)O and Ti(OC(4)H(9))(4), a series of nanoscale Li(2)TiO(3)-coated LiMO(2) nanobelts with varied Ni, Co, and Mn contents was prepared for the first time. The complete, thin Li(2)TiO(3) coating layer strongly adheres to the host material and has a 3D diffusion path for Li(+) ions. It is doped with Ni(2+) and Co(3+) ions in addition to Ti(4+) in LiMO(2), both of which were found to favor Li(+)-ion transfer at the interface. As a result, the coated nanobelts show improved rate, cycling, and thermal capabilities when used as the cathode for Li-ion battery.


An approach to synthesize array antenna is proposed on the context of detecting single and multiple fault in any array of elements, analysis of radiation pattern degradation because of the fault, and finding a recovery solution of the array, the recovered excitations fed to the array of healthy elements to get the radiation pattern close to the original form , For this a self-recoverable antenna array is created (SRA). The SRA concept and realization of the different recovery algorithms challenges are discussed. The resulting radiation pattern generated from the new excitation is found by three optimizing algorithm and compared.


Bible is a manual for farming today. Ten principles are given which categorise the authors' views in terms of their approach which includes the total inclusion of the Old Testament, the working of the Holy Spirit in our world today and the need for context when using the Bible. These 10 principles underpin what follows in the rest of the book. Chapter 2 gives an interesting account of farming in the Bible and makes the often ignored point that Jesus was not really rurally orientated in his ministry but did use some agricultural context for some of his stories (such as the Parable of the Sower). Thus, the Old Testament forms the basis for much of this chapter. Chapter 3, 'Going deeper', does just that and explores 12 themes from God's world to 'jubilee' and 'festivals' which many readers may find useful not only for generally informing but also for sermon content. The book takes a different direction in Chapter 4 as it is devoted to 'farming in our own times' with the chapter giving different perspectives on modern farming including financial and power aspects. This chapter concludes by stating that many of the underlying realities of farming today are similar to those of Biblical times (p. 90). After a chapter looking at a wider perspective of perceptions, assumptions, and attitudes, the contents of the earlier chapters are brought together in Chapter 6 where an excellent attempt is made to give a sound Biblical basis to modern farming. Ten themes are used, including the 'Sabbath' and using farming to help the poor, which are then illustrated within eight examples from 'rainforests' to 'technology'. Chapter 7 concludes the book with the hope that readers will be inspired to use the Bible practically to inform their opinions about modern issues and to give a Christian perspective 'with consideration and humility' (p. 125). Much has been previously written within the realm of creation theology but this book fills a practical niche about modern farming and the possibility of farming ethically and within Christian and Biblically based principles. As the authors acknowledge, this will require a change of heart by many farmers and those associated with the chain of food production but the authors argue strongly and positively that such a change can happen. In addition, this book will be useful for readers who want to have a Biblically based perspective on farming as well as those who may want to revise their Old Testament knowledge about creation and farming. The Bible studies in Chapter 8 are very helpful and could be used for group discussion or by an individual. There is much in this book to inform and to stimulate and it deserves to be read by a wide audience; it is a welcome addition to the literature.


Based on the standardization in the automotive industry, systems require extensive testing, which represents significant costs regarding personnel and equipment. The testing systems must be built in such a way that a bidirectional power flow is possible between the power source and the tested system. Additionally, applied testing systems have to possess high disturbance immunity. Classical current programmed control performed using an analogue approach suffers from low disturbance rejection during switching operation. The digital control of DC–DC converter can solve this problem with the use of digital integration in a measurement chain. The integrals of values are obtained by using a Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) and appropriate counters. Digital control of an interleaving operated bidirectional buck-boost synchronous converter can be applied in the testing system for automotive powertrains. The voltage and current measurements with the application of an integral-measurement principle act as low-pass filters, which remove the disturbances from the measured values. The digital implementation of a compensation ramp (current mode control) and method for choice of control parameters are described. All the tasks for measurements, as well as current and voltage control, were implemented within the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The presented converter can operate as a close to ideal voltage or current source, and satisfies the requirements of testing electric motor drive-trains with bidirectional DC–AC converters that are applied in automotive applications. The proposed system was verified by simulation


This paper introduces ROFALT, an open-source, model-based iterative learning control (ILC) tool for nonlinear systems, that aims at closing the gap between the theory of nonlinear ILC and successful applications. Providing a simple yet powerful syntax in MATLAB, ROFALT supports all phases of the design of a nonlinear ILC—from modeling, tuning and execution, to analysis. The theoretical basis is an optimization-based two-step approach that allows an easy trade-off between fast convergence and robustness for generic nonlinear systems. To demonstrate the efficiency of the developed tool, a simulation study on an overhead crane is performed, where a model with introduced parameter deviations is used to iteratively learn the open-loop control inputs. Special attention is paid to the comparison of different possible ways to realize the learning effect and the resulting performance. Moreover, the simplicity of considering constraints and their compliance is demonstrated, while fast convergence is observed.


Input filters are usually adopted in electrical drives in order to improve the input current quality and to reduce the input voltage distortion. These filters; can determine instabilities, depending on the converter topology and drive control strategy. In this paper the stability of an electrical drive fed by a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter is analyzed considering two different input filter structures. A state average model of the whole system, assuming a constant power load, is proposed. The stability of the system is evaluated by analyzing the migration of eigenvalues of the system, which is linearized around the operating point. The analytical approach allows the determination of relationships showing the maximum output power of the matrix converter as function of the parameters of power supply and input filter. Theoretical considerations are supported by simulation results.


Section 2 describes aspects of our assessment of state survey designs that were part of the investigation of the feasibility of combining state estimates. Section 3 describes the methods developed for combining state estimates. Section 4 compares the new combined estimates for the target years (1995-97) to estimates based on the NHIS. Section 5 examines time trends in national-level estimates computed with the new method. Finally, Section 6 provides some conclusions and recommendations.


Human understanding of behavior has been well studied in computer vision applications. Many popular methods of action recognition have shown that knowledge of action can be gained from motion videos or still images effectively. Many of the current methods for identifying video action suffer from the problem of missing appropriate labeled videos for instruction. In such cases, over-fitting will be a potential issue, and action recognition efficiency is limited. We suggest an adaptation approach to improve video action identification by tailoring image information. The adapted information is used to learn the meanings of associated behavior by examining the components of both branded videos and images. We propose an IVA classifier to achieve good output of video action recognition, which can borrow the information adapted from images based on the common visual features. INDEX : VIDEO, ADAPTION APPROACH, VA


This article studies the provenance and destination of individuals in mobility, by processing the data obtained by ISTAT (Italy's National Statistical Institute). Disaggregation of the data by sex reveals intermittent labor‐force participation by the female component of the population. Disaggregation of the data by age group shows that this situation persists unchanged over time, given that substantial uniformity of behavior is observed between young women and the female population as a whole. Tournament theory provides grounds to argue that this behavior is Pareto‐inefficient, because it obstructs the optimal allocation of talent in society. The conclusion is drawn that economic policy measures are necessary in order to alter the gender division of labor in its current form.


${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ is a quasi-low-dimensional compound with unique properties. Two incommensurate charge-density waves appear at low temperatures, which slide under the application of an electric field. The mechanism of sliding is not fully understood and it was speculated that precursor effects may be present above the onset temperatures. Scanning tunneling microscopy offers a unique tool to search for such charge instabilities and clear evidence is given for their existence at room temperature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Introduction. Assessment Process. Individual Approaches to Study. Essential Preparation for Written Assessments. Problems of Presentation in Written Assessments. Structuring an Essay. Writing a Care Study. Searching and Reviewing the Literature. Writing a Large-Scale Project. Oral Presentation of Your Project. Writing a Research Critique. Unseen Examination. Continuing Assessment in the Clinical Area. Postscript: Dealing with Failure


An economically physeable and emerging technique for rejeunivate /refreshment of agro ecological system contaminated with heavy metals. The study was conducted to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in research farm department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry. Heterogeneous accumulation of heavy metals was found potato. However metal accumulation varied in the tuber, (Potato). The concentration of Chromium 4.08 μg g, Copper 0.68 μg g, Cadmium 2.44 μg g, Lead 1.21 μg g, and Zinc 4.08 μg g was recorded, was found significant in the treatment T5 50% RDF NPK + 50% RDF solid liquid waste. Plants were found to have an enrichment coefficient which reflects their heavy metal accumulation potential. Findings suggest that the 50% recommended dose of fertilizers with 50% solid liquid waste may be used for rejuvenation of land contaminated toxic metals and higher yielding of crops from economical point of view.


Whereas previous research tends to look at Person-Environment (P-E) fit as a predictor of employee outcomes, this is one of the first studies to provide evidence of P-E fit as a mediator of the relationship between organisational culture and the employee outcome of job satisfaction. Data were obtained from full-time employees who were working in private and public sectors from various organisations in Malaysia (n = 204). Person-environment fit was a significant mediator of the relationship between organisational culture and job satisfaction. This has wide-ranging implications for organisational development consultants who intend to shape the culture of various organisations, on the assumption that certain organisational cultures will lead to certain desirable employee outcomes. Managers need to pay attention to not only their organisational culture such as training, rewards, teamwork and communication but to also ensure that there is a fit between individuals and their work environment.


We observe a filament eruption of 23 Jan 2012 using Atmospheric Imaging Array (AIA) data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite. Relatively cool emissions (193 Ang. channel) show a filament with a rise-toward-eruption trajectory that is relatively smooth, without a distinct, linearly-increasing "slow rise" followed by an abrupt "fast rise," as is often seen in other events. Detailed investigations of some of those two-phase events suggested that they were triggered by magnetic flux cancellation. Here however, observations of hotter emissions (335 Ang. channel) show an adjacent eruption, invisible in 193 Ang., occurred just prior to the filament's eruption start. We surmise that the hotter eruption destabilized the 193 Ang. filament, triggering its eruption onset. In this way, the filament's smooth eruption trajectory is indicative of a non-tether-cutting eruption-onset mechanism for the filament.


We have established a soil moisture profile monitoring network in the 223 km 2 Raam Catchment, a tributary of the Meuse River in the Netherlands. This catchment faces water shortage during summers and excess of water during winters and after extreme precipitation events. Water management can benefit from reliable information on the soil water availability in the unsaturated zone. In situ measurements provide a direct source of information on which water managers can base their decisions. Moreover, these measurements are commonly used as a reference for calibration and validation of soil moisture products derived from earth observations or obtained by model simulations. Distributed over the Raam Catchment, we have equipped 14 agricultural fields and one natural grass field with soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring instrumentation, consisting of Decagon 5TM sensors installed at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm and 80 cm. Soil-specific calibration functions that have been developed for the 5TM sensors under laboratory conditions lead to an accuracy of 0.02 m 3  m −3 . The first set of measurements has been retrieved for the period 5 April 2016–4 April 2017. In this paper, we describe the Raam monitoring network and instrumentation, the soil-specific calibration of the sensors, the first year of measurements, and additional measurements (soil temperature, phreatic groundwater levels and meteorological data) and information (elevation, soil texture, land cover, and geohydrological model) available for performing scientific research. The data is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:2411bbb8-2161-4f31-985f-7b65b8448bc9 .


SUMMARY Metoclopramide 10 mg and perphenazine 5 mg were compared in a double-blind trial on 188 women undergoing planned gynaecological laparotomies. Metoclopramide or perphenazine was given intramuscularly at the end of the operation, and the patients were observed for 6 hours in the recovery ward. The metoclopramide-treated group had significantly less nausea, retching and vomiting than the perphenazine-treated group. The difference was significant at the 0.5 per cent level when comparing the "nausea-score" of the two groups by a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, at the 2.5 per cent level when comparing the incidence of retching and vomiting in the two groups by a λ2 test. The awakening time was slightly longer in the metoclopramide-treated group than in the perphenazine-treated group. There was no significant effect on blood pressure or pulse rate in either group. A significantly lower incidence of pethidine injections was noted in the metoclopramide-treated group than in the perphenazine-treated group. This has no effect on the conclusion that metoclopramide 10 mg is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting than perphenazine 5 mg.


I HAVE now operated on ten cases by this method. In the last few I have carried out the most complete operation and up to date the results in these appear to be the best. The technique is as follows: A skin incision is made from 3 in. above the inner condyle on the line of the ulnar nerve to the inner side of the subcutaneous border of the ulna at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the forearm. The ulnar nerve is first isolated at the level of the elbow and transposed to the front of the joint out of harm's way. The attachments of the whole flexor group of the forearm are then systematically detached from their origin, the supracondylar ridge cleared and the common tendon cut close to the internal condyle and stripped from the lateral ligament, the elbow-joint being usually opened at this stage. Next, the aponeirosis on the ulnar side of the ulna is cut through in its whole length close to the bone. The muscle mass so loosened is raised with a raspatory; any definite tendinous origins below the coronoid process of the ulna are divided, the insertion of the brachialis anticus being fully exposed. If the flexor longus pollicis is contracted the process of muscle-stripping is carried across the interosseous membrane, so that the attachment of the thumb flexor to the front of the radius can also be raised. Lastly, the bicipital fascia is cut through if it appears to offer any opposition to the descent of the muscle group. If care is taken to keep close to the bone no important vessels are divided, and no damage can be done to any nerve except the anterior interosseous and the terminal part of the internal cutaneous. The separation of muscles and fascia is carried out to such an extent that nearly full correction of the contracture, apart from phalangeal joint deformities, is possible at once. The whole muscle group will be made to descend an inch or more from its origin. The hand is put up in the corrected position on a metal splint, which is replaced in a few days' time by a properly fitting plaster mould. Voluntary control of the mobilized muscles is lost or becomes very weak for a few days after the operation, and is then gradually recovered. The AU-OR 1 (April 17, 1923.


Calculations are presented of the development of the turbulent boundary layer on a rotating cylinder with its axis along the stream, and the results are compared with measurements made by Parr. With the choice of a suitable co-ordinate system, the boundary layer downstream of the nose of the cylinder approximates closely to a condition of two-dimensionality, and a simple integral method of solution can be applied. The only evidence of three-dimensionality lies in the destabilizing effect of rotation on the turbulence structure of the layer and an analysis of this instability has been made which relates changes in mixing length and entrainment to an instability parameter in the form of a Richardson number. In spite of the changes in shear stress distribution and entrainment brought about by rotation, mean velocity profiles and skin friction values are found to be related to H and Rθ in the same way as for the stationary flat plate.


Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) framework has developed three instinct goals for assessing health system performance: population health, responsiveness to healthcare and fairness in h ...


A 15 years old boy was admitted to educational center hospital in southeast of Iran named Zahedan, because of dyspnea, pleuretic chest pain, on productive cough, low grade fever, weight loss about 2 kg during 3 months, malaise, and a big testis.


The purpose of this study was to add to the understanding of how context specific factors may lead to challenges for parents to make investments in their children's education. This was done by conducting a case study in the rural village of Kyzyl Unkur, Kyrgyzstan. Semi structured interviews were used in order to explored challenges faced by parents. The main challenges found were: family farming and walnut harvest; the labor market and migration; low education quality; corruption; and practices based on gender norms. The study was furthermore aimed at problematizing these challenges in the context of national education policies, by answering the question of whose realities are represented in the policies. The study identified discrepancies between respondent's realities and the education policies, and analyzed these by using concepts from the participatory development approach. Two of the main challenges faced by parents were not addressed by the policies; hence they failed to fully represent the context in which respondents lived. Additionally, many of the policy measures were found to be failing to represent the complexity of the challenges faced by parent in Kyzyl Unkur.


Parasitic ability of Trichoderma isolates was tested against Sclerotium rolfsii in two types of soils viz., natural and sterilized soils to assess the ecological adaptability of Trichoderma spp. to a soil. The isolate ATPU 1 (EID50 of 2.1 mycelia/gm of soil) was most effective in parasitization of sclerotia of S. rolfsii when used as live bait, under the natural soil of, when mycelial form of inoculum was used. This isolate was closely followed by KNO 2 and ATPP 6 which had the same EID50 of 2.2 mycelia/gm of soil, the next best isolates were KNP 3 and ATPPE 6 with EID50 of 2.3 mycelia/gm of soil. The isolate KT 6 (EID50 5.7) was rated as poorest competitive colonizer, requiring comparatively highest inoculum level to colonize 50% sclerotia of S. rolfsii . However the conidial form of inoculum from KNK1 (EID50 value of 2.2 conidia/gm of soil) was most aggressive isolate requiring lowest inoculum dose for 50% colonization of sclerotia of S. rolfsii .


ABSTRACT This study is designed to contribute to a better theoretical and empirical understanding of the unit-level relationship between employee well-being (job satisfaction and burnout, in the form of emotional exhaustion and cynicism) and service quality in two ways. First is by adopting a person-oriented approach to identify distinct well-being profiles as a way of capturing the conjoint effect of satisfaction and burnout on service quality. Second is by employing an adapted form of multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) to examine the extent to which the distribution of employee well-being profiles in a work group affects the level of service quality provided by the group. These issues were examined using combined employee-customer data based on a sample of 396 employees and 1233 customers from 91 restaurant and reception units in 42 hotels in Spain. In line with theoretical expectations and consistent with a win-win model of the unit level relationship between employee well-being and service quality, the results showed that work groups with a greater proportion of employees with high levels of job satisfaction combined with low levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism), significantly outperformed work groups with a less favourable internal distribution of well-being profiles. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


A voltage regulator, including in response to an input voltage and a first plurality of switch control signal generation circuit output voltage. Switch control circuit responsive to the output at least one switch control signal to generate a voltage ramp signal and a boost buck ramp signal. Each ramp voltage generating circuit generates a ramp signal and a boost down the ramp signal. The ramp signal comprises a buck boost ramp signal peak is shifted down the ramp signal.


The reaction of zinc chloride with 2-acetylpyridine-4-phenylsemicarbazone and nitrogen-sulphurmonodentate ligands such as thiophene, pyridine, picoline ,aniline and ammonia; yielded five novel mixed -ligand complexes: Zn(2-Ac.4-Psc.Th)Cl2 ,Zn(2-Ac.4-Psc.Py)Cl2, Zn(2-Ac.4- Psc.Pi)Cl2, Zn(2Ac.4-Psc.An)Cl2 and Zn(2-Ac.Psc.Am)Cl2. These were characterized by elemental analysis,molar conductivity, 1 H and 13 C-NMR, IR and electronic absorption spectroscopic studies.All the complexes possess tetrahedral geometries. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis,Aspergillusnigers andCandida albicans.The result of significant inhibition of growth and proliferation of these microbes by the chelates were obtained particularly with the highest efficiency shown by thethiophene and aniline incorporated complexes


Semiconductor nanostructure has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential in electrochemical energy storage systems. The energy capacity is related to the properties of electrode materials. In this treatise, we will survey the recent advancement of the semiconductor nanostructures synthesized by microwave assisted method for electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage, and these nanostructures are found to show the improved electrochemical performance compared with the traditional synthe-


As is well-known, the formal system in which Frege works in his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik is formally inconsistent, Russell's Paradox being derivable in it.This system is, except for minor differences, full second-order logic, augmented by a single non-logical axiom, Frege's Axiom V. It has been known for some time now that the first-order fragment of the theory is consistent. The present paper establishes that both the simple and the ramified predicative second-order fragments are consistent, and that Robinson arithmetic, Q, is relatively interpretable in the simple predicative fragment. The philosophical significance of the result is discussed


An unusual case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the palatal minor salivary gland in a 63‐year‐old Japanese female is reported. In addition to the characteristic histopath‐ologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma, spindle‐ and dendritic‐shaped cells containing excessive amounts of melanin pigment were densely and widely distributed in the stroma resulting in a blue nevus‐like appearance. Neither melanocytes nor melanin pigments were seen within the parenchyma. The possible histogenesis of melanocytes in the stroma of the salivary gland carcinoma is discussed, although no firm conclusion could be drawn.


Review(s) of: The environmental law handbook: Planning and land use in New South Wales, by David Farrier And Paul Stein (eds), Thomson Reuters, 5th ed, 2011) 846pp.


s of Work Shop Presentations Session 1: Self and others in nonhuman primates Session Chair: Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi (Kyoto University, Japan.) Matching of self and other possible mechanisms and functions of neonatal imitation in infant macaques Annika Paukner (NICHD, USA) Abstract Neonatal imitation, the phenomenon in which newborn human infants can accurately imitate facial gestures, has been studied for more than thirty years, yet the mechanisms and functions associated with neonatal imitation remain poorly understood. I will review our recent findings of neonatal imitation abilities in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and show that neonatal imitation abilities in macaques are surprising similar to neonatal imitation abilities seen in humans. I will argue that there may be a common evolutionary root of this ability, which may have its basis in a facial mirror neuron circuit. Neonatal imitation appears to be linked to communicative signals, intersubjective exchanges and emotional development, which together may shape the foundation of socio-cognitive functioning in later life. Abstract Attentional perspective taking in chimpanzees and bonobos Evan MacLean (Duke University, USA)Attentional perspective taking in chimpanzees and bonobos Evan MacLean (Duke University, USA) The human-unique ability to acquire language relies on the early emergence of an understanding of attention in others. Although nonhuman apes understand much about others' perception, whether they understand others' attention is unknown. I will discuss three experiments that examined chimpanzees' and bonobos' ability to infer the target of an experimenter's attention under conditions that have been linked to word-learning in humans. In each experiment an actor vocalized excitedly while gazing ambiguously toward an object and a second location/item on the same visual plane. We manipulated whether the actor was familiar with the object before his emotional reaction by varying 1.) his physical orientation (facing vs. not facing object) 2.) the position of a visual barrier (blocking vs. not blocking actor's view of object), or 3.) the identity of the individual who visually inspected the object (actor vs. different individual). In each experiment we measured whether subjects looked at the object or the alternative target


Starting from the connotation of the human capital based finance,this paper analyzes on the importance of the human capital based finance,comments the different models of the financial target of the maximization of enterprise value and the maximization of relative persons' interest,and points out that the financial target of the modern enterprise should be the interest equalization of the physical capital and human capital.


Family has been through profound changes that have often been interpreted as the end of the family. However, this "prophecy" failed. Family is still alive… Recent statistics point out a decline of the percentage of couples choosing marriage and an increasing percentage of couples choosing cohabitation instead of marriage. Does this mean the death of marriage? The main reasons that support the argument that marriage is far from being dead coincide with trends in family law: the "deregulation" of marriage, on the one hand, and the "regulation" of cohabitation, on the other hand. It is predictable that marriage will "lose weight" and cohabitation will "put on weight" and the differences between them will fade in time until the emergence of a new concept of marriage.


Pain is an unpleasant experience and the mechanisms involved in its production transmission or perception has been one of the most intensely investigated areas in biomedical science over several decades. Pain not only places an enormous burden on the patients as it costs several billion dollars in medical expenditures as well as on lost productivity, it poses a formidable challenge for the clinicians as well. Why pain continues to be a problem for clinicians is that pain does not conform to the scientific approach to health and disease, it is subjective rather than objective and the causal basis is often poorly understood. In addition to providing relief, the objective of proper treatment of pain is to prevent or attenuate both peripheral and central sensitization that increases pain. Although an array of agents are available for the management of pain, the optimal treatment for pain remains largely elusive and an update on relative efficacy of oral analgesics indicated that no single drug is effective in all patients and that even the best drugs failed to provide good levels of pain relief in at least 30%. ABSTRACT


Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and Smad in placenta of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and their significance. Methods TGF-β1/ Smad expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining in placenta of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of TGF-β1/Smad in placental. Results TGF-β1/Smad expressed in decidual cells and syncytiotrophoblast. The expression of TGFβ1/Smad expression levels in the study group were both significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion The elevated expression of TGFβ1/Smad may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.


Social networks' comments are rich sources of information that may be fused with audio-visual contents to improve emotional video retrieval systems. The rationale behind this fusion is that different sources can complement each other since they have different natures, formats, and origins. Although emotional information expressed in users' comments on the Web is in accordance with the emotional audio-visual content of videos, they are not synchronized. In order to address this problem, decision-level fusion is needed when such asynchronous modalities should be fused. In this article, a new decision-level fusion approach based on Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators is proposed. In this approach, emotion is first detected based on the audio, video, and users' comments and then, individual decisions are fused using the OWA method. The proposed method is evaluated on the music videos of the standard DEAP data set. The results of comparing the proposed method with average, product, sum, and Dempster-Shafer fusion methods show that the proposed OWA-based method outperforms other methods in different fusion settings.


The research described in this thesis and a parallel thesis (Ouborg, 1993) addressed the question whether genetic processes are involved in the probability of population extinction for two endangered plant species in The Netherlands: Scabiosa columbaria and Salvia pratensis. A basic question is whether the level of genetic variation is already diminished in small populations. At the allozyme level, both the degree of polymorphism and the mean observed number of alleles were positively correlated with population size. Moreover, the allozyme data showed significant genetic differentiation between populations. ... Zie: Summary


In Navigating Ethnicity, David Kaplan synthesizes a wealth of information on the multifaceted geographies of ethnicity through a deep dive into historical understandings, theories, and dozens of sp...


Five hundred nineteen Eurasian wild boar Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from March 1987 to July 1990 by shooting in crop and noncrop areas of central Punjab, Pakistan.


The processes of extraction vanadium from stone coal by roasting in rotary kiln has been investigated.The condition tests for stone coal roasting by adding compound have been carried on.The test results show that percent conversion of vanadium is of 75%~85% when the ore is roasted in rotary kiln for 2 hours at temperature of 800℃ and the roasted product is leached using sulphuric acid of 4 g/L at the conditions of liquid to solid of 3∶1 and stirring.The process can continuous work and flue gases can be centralized treated.


The Spanish Creek Monastery rests in the Madison mountain range south of Bozeman in Gallatin County, Montana. Despite being only a short drive from Bozeman and Big Sky, Spanish Creek feels completely remote. This beautiful ecosystem provides a rare retreat from modern society that is spiritually inspiring. The program provides all spaces for monks of the Trappist order to live in seclusion and devotion to their faith. This includes space for worship, meditation, living, studying, as well as working. An attached distillery provides space for the craft of spirits; which the monks produce to generate money for the monastery. The monastery also serves as a non-denominational spiritual space for the nearby public to retreat, worship, and meditate.


SUMMARY
Observations of unidentified structures found on adaxial leaf surfaces of two plant species are reported. The observations were made at Bangor in 1977/78 and at Oxford in 1959. The structures are uncommon and, as yet to our knowledge, unreported in the literature.


Abstract Four compounds of simple molecular systems have already been observed at high pressure: He(N2)1 1, Ne(He)2, Ar(H2)2 and (O2)3 (H2)4 They have been characterized by a combination of visual, Raman and energy dispersive measurements. Yet, the direct x-ray determination of their space-groups remains an experimental challenge. Gibbs free energy calculations demonstrate that efficient packing more than close packing is the reason of their stability. Finally, those compounds offer interesting issues for the physical chemistry at high pressure and astrophysical implications for outer planets.


This paper introduces a dynamic adaptive contentionbased channel access(DAEDCF) based on the AEDCF.It introduces P factor which based on the channel condition to the EDCF.In the DAEDCF mechanism,the backoff time and the update of the CW depend on the P factor.Through the simulation,we can see that DAEDCF further enhanced the QoS performance under the high load,specially the medium and the low priority flows performance.Compared to the AEDCF mechanism,when channel load up to 80%,the throughput of the Video flow is increased 2% and the mean delay is decreased 25%,the throughput of the Background flow is increased 14% and the mean delay is decreased 20%.


Location management is a technique, managing various mobile services, mobile devices, predicating their position at time of reference to its base station operation. It helps to keep track of mobile device during agile environment which helps to communicate user while roaming. With location management one can access data at any place by requesting to respective base station. Location management technique changes as per need of the user with reference to the contents such as audio, video, text and graphics. So, here performance evaluation of various location management methods with their application, advantages and limitations is taken into account. These methods can work very effective and efficient in particular conditions with certain constraints. Speed is main factor which affect the communication. This paper presents the critical analysis of various methods of location management based on various methodologies for mobile devices. It describes various techniques for location prediction and management. Some of the limitations in earlier techniques are tried to overcome in next subsequent method by another author. This study analyses all these methods with their pro and cons. But still they have some limitation of position prediction and speed of access during location management.


A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
DEGREE IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY.


The analysis, revealed in Nano Letters, could be an important advance toward understanding the electrophysiological responses at the cellular level to anemia heart attacks, and will be applied to future drug development. The paper was elite by the yank Chemical Society and is on the market with open access. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading explanation for death worldwide, with most patients laid low with internal organ anemia that happens once associate artery supply blood to the center is partly or totally blocked. If anemia happens over associate extended amount, the center tissue is starved of gas (a condition known as hypoxia), and may result in tissue death, or infarction. The changes in internal organ cells and tissues elicited by drive embody changes in voltage potentials across the cytomembrane, unleash of neurotransmitters, shifts in organic phenomenon, altered metabolic functions, and activation or deactivation of particle channels.


This research was intended to investigate the problems in professional competence faced by the English teachers of vocational high schools in Gowa, South Sulawesi. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by using three instruments namely questionnaire, interview and observation checklist. The participants were two Experience English teachers, two advanced beginner English teachers, and eight students. The professional competence indicators adapted from the Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16/2007. The research found that there were eleven problems faced by the teacher in relation to their professional competence. In English teachers' competence especially in linguistic aspect, the major problem faced by the teachers is dealing with lacking of the vocabulary for special terms. In addition, the research also indicated that there were two other serious problems faced by the teachers. First, they faced problem in developing the teacher professionalism continuously. Second, they do not use information and communication for communicating maximally.


This article is focused on the problem how to minimize the damage of an economic entity because of reputation loss as a result of information security incidents. There are many techniques concerning such kind of problem worldwide. However the issues of using the analysis tools of information security incidents are paid not much attention, so the organizations can seriously damage their reputation and obviously decrease their commercial profits. The article describes an approach to define the parameters for reputational risk due to information security incidents. The article defines how to determine the source of incidents and to form a list of actual threats and to calculate the consequences of their implementation. The article offers the techniques of the reputational risk management due to information security incidents. The techniques can be implemented in any organization, no matter how big it is and no matter which kind of business it is occupied.


To find the optimal protocol for preparing leukocyte-reduced red cells (LRRC) with polyester filters, such as Sepacell R-500N and Pall BPF4, we studied the effects of filtration procedures and blood storage period on their efficiencies. Pre-filtration dilution had no effect on leukocyte removal, but caused about 5% increase in red cell recovery and almost 50% reduction in filtration time when Pall BPF4 was used. On the other hand, post-filtration rinse resulted in a decrease in leukocyte removal by about 10 times and an increase in red cell recovery by about 5%. These procedures had the almost same effects on the filtration efficiencies of Sepacell R-500N. There were no significant differences in leukocyte removal and red cell recovery between two groups of starting red cells stored for 2-10 days or 42 days in a mannitol-adenine-saline (MAP) solution. However, 21 day-old cells in CPD showed higher hemolysis after filtration than 2 to 14 day-old red cells in CPD. These data indicate that pre-dilution is required but post-rinse should be avoided for achieving the maximum efficiencies of the polyester filters. The storage limit of red cells as a starting material for LRRC can be extended up to 14 days in CPD or 42 days in MAP. Thus, the use of the optimal protocol for Pall BPF4 led to 4 log of leukocyte reduction, 92% of red cell recovery and 11min of filtration time.


This research is motivated by the need for good management of employees in managing workloads, work conflicts and work stress to be able to improve the resulting performance and be strengthened by a better level of job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of workload management, work conflict and work stress on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening. The research was conducted at PT Harapan Teknik Shipyard with a total sample of 58 people. The data was collected using a questionnaire which was then analyzed using the SEM-PLS model which was processed with the SmartPLS application. Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that there is an influence of work conflict management on employee job satisfaction, there is an effect of job stress management on employee job satisfaction, there is an influence of job satisfaction on employee performance and there is a mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship of work conflict management on employee performance. There is a mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between work stress management and employee performance.


The performance assessment of supply chains including sustainability dimensions of economic, environmental and social is a significant aspect for managers and decision makers. Furthermore, imprecise data are presented in many real world applications. Therefore, the current paper proposes an approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to analyze the revenue efficiency of sustainable supply chains when fuzzy measures are present. Actually, a fully fuzzy DEA approach is proposed to measure the revenue efficiency of sustainable supply chains and their members. A numerical example is used to illustrate the introduced approach. Keyword: Data Envelopment Analysis, Revenue Efficiency, Fuzzy Data, Sustainable Supply Chains.


We show bijectively that Dyck paths with all peaks at odd height are counted by the Motzkin numbers and Dyck paths with all peaks at even height are counted by the Riordan numbers.


This paper examines different beta estimation methodologies for a large set of Developed and Emerging international markets. For all markets, estimators based on daily data outperform those based on monthly data. The optimal window length is surprisingly homogeneous, at roughly 12 months for Developed Markets, while tending to be somewhat longer for Emerging Markets. The best estimators include a double-shrinkage, a long memory (FI), and a simple combination approach. The FI model generally yields the best predictions for both Developed and Emerging Markets. For portfolio formation, the double-shrinkage, FI, and combination estimators also perform best.


Spectrochemical results for some elements in alloys were found to have significant errors.Sources of the errors were discussed and a re-standardization program was proposed,which was proved to be feasible to be used in routine analysis.


In an immersion incident, a person may be required to tread water for extended periods of time in order to survive. Treading water, or maintaining a stable head position above the water surface, can be achieved in several different ways. Determining which treading water techniques are economic (energetically and cognitively) is an important first step in approaching evidence-based water safety instruction. The present study investigated the cognitive and metabolic demands associated with four main techniques for treading water in experienced water treaders. Skilled water treaders (n=21) performed four common treading techniques for 3min each: "running" in the water, "flutter kick" with hands sculling, "upright breaststroke," and "egg-beater." Self-reported rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and task load index (TLX) score, as well as objective measures of probe reaction time (PRT; i.e., response to auditory cues while treading), oxygen consumption and heart rate were assessed. The "egg-beater" technique and the "upright breaststroke" technique were linked to significantly lower cognitive and energetic demands compared to the other techniques (VO2: p<0.001 – "Running" M=29.02, SD=7.40/"Flutter kick" M=29.37, SD=8.56, "Breaststroke" M=23.47, SD=7.28, and "Eggbeater" M=23.18, SD=6.31). This study lays the groundwork for future research that may establish the ideal movement behavior in drowning situations and investigate movement instruction to less experienced treaders.


Rock Art and Archaeology in Santa Barbara County, California. William D. Hyder. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper No. 13, 1989, 50 pp., 17 figures, 8 tables, no price listed.


Algebraists, one might ask: Why put asterisks to this task? Use of symbols astronomic yields a discord inharmonic: In some contexts, "Multiply minus-one times every i" is the message meant for us in a sign siderius. If you favor this convention, calculate with apprehension: Proofs can crumple from omissions of the matrix transposition. Nearer Earth, then, we must seek symbols for Monsieur Hermite.


Abstract Background: Infectious diarrhoea is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Culture and microscopy are time-consuming and have a low yield. New rapid molecular methods such as multiplex PCR, have been recently introduced for aetiological diagnosis. Aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of the FilmArray gastrointestinal panel with that of standard culture for aetiological diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of results of stool samples already processed as part of routine clinical care in the interval from March 2016 to March 2019. Results: One hundred and eighty-three stool samples from as many patients were both cultured and tested by FilmArray and the comparison of diagnostic accuracy between culture and FilmArray with respect to Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli O157 gave the following results: 100% (95% confidence interval (CI): 85–100%) sensitivity; 93.4% (95% CI: 87.9–96.6%) specificity; 74.3% (95% CI: 57.5–86.4%) positive predictive value; 100% (95% CI: 96.7–100%) negative predictive value; 2.9 (95% CI: 1.6–5.1) positive likelihood ratio; zero negative likelihood ratio. By means of FilmArray gastrointestinal (GI) panel, we could identify 34.5% more pathogens (p = .001). Bacteria were mostly detected in patients with 6 or more years of age (χ2=17.1; p = .009) during summer. Conclusions: FilmArray GI panel showed a very good diagnostic performance compared to culture for diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea and gave a more detailed picture of the spectrum of the pathogens involved.


A cursory glance at the form and content of this paper would suggest that the first part contains a sociological analysis of the concept of occupational prestige and its uses, which generates certain propositions amenable to empirical test, and the second part consists of a small-scale sketch of methods of testing those propositions. However, while such a sequence does occur, it is at the same time important for the reader to recognize that both parts of the paper are intended as conceptual analyses of the field of occupational grading; the one being linguistic in form, based on a reading of previous empirical work, while the other seeks conceptual clarification by imposing


Purpose A pilot study to describe histopathological features of penile tissue of patients who recovered from symptomatic COVID-19 infection and subsequently developed severe erectile dysfunction (ED). Materials and Methods Penile tissue was collected from patients undergoing surgery for penile prosthesis for severe ED. Specimens were obtained from two men with a history of COVID-19 infection and two men with no history of infection. Specimens were imaged with TEM and H&E staining. RT-PCR was performed from corpus cavernosum biopsies. The tissues collected were analyzed for endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS, a marker of endothelial function) and COVID-19 spike-protein expression. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function was assessed from blood samples collected from COVID-19 (+) and COVID-19 (−) men. Results TEM showed extracellular viral particles ~100 nm in diameter with peplomers (spikes) near penile vascular endothelial cells of the COVID-19 (+) patients and absence of viral particles in controls. PCR showed presence of viral RNA in COVID-19 (+) specimens. eNOS expression in the corpus cavernosum of COVID-19 (+) men was decreased compared to COVID-19 (−) men. Mean EPC levels from the COVID-19 (+) patients were substantially lower compared to mean EPCs from men with severe ED and no history of COVID-19. Conclusions Our study is the first to demonstrate the presence of the COVID-19 virus in the penis long after the initial infection in humans. Our results also suggest that widespread endothelial cell dysfunction from COVID-19 infection can contribute to ED. Future studies will evaluate novel molecular mechanisms of how COVID-19 infection leads to ED.


A successful flexible enterprise must have an organization knowledge-based. In an era characterized by change, globalization and competition, knowledge is without doubt the most important asset for a company to gain a competitive advantage. Nowadays, in the enterprise, there is a huge amount of unstructured information especially in textual documents. The Text Mining technology, in the Knowledge Management platform, is the most important tool to manage continually this information.


This paper describes a design-for-testability (DFT) methodology for an application-oriented platform-based design environment, which reuses test-ready virtual components (VCs) and integrates them using a set of predefined guidelines and practices. We focus on introducing the concept of the proposed methodology with examples for demonstrating some of the techniques and issues.


Bt genetically modified rice was identified with SYBR~ Green Ⅰ real-time PCR assays and three pairs of specific primers to establish a new detection technique for GMO.The results showed that the SYBR~ Green Ⅰ could selectively combine the characteristic of double chain DNA and identify fluoresce signal produced by sequence amplification of specific target of Bt rice(CaMV35S,NOS,Cry1Ab/c).The SYBR~ Green Ⅰ real-time PCR could availably differentiate special or non-special products and primer dimers by melting curve,which is a new method for GMO detection.


The third analytical chapter offers a comparison of different novels which all contain intertextual references to Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49, the most infl uential American conspiracy novel. It is argued that these texts, among them Whitehead's The Intuitionist, challenge a naturalized, hegemonial reading of the contemporary city through the "paranoid mode," thereby pointing out the inherently racialized character of especially American urban discourses. The last analytical chapter critically discusses Paul Auster's New York Trilogy, arguing that this text offers more than simply a postmodernist re-formulation of the modern city novel. The trilogy as a whole is read to insist on the very incommensurability of the urban and on the subjective nature of all urban texts. Thus, the "paranoid mode" – as a subjective reading of subjective texts – can be understood as a very adequate means to approach the urban text.


Ketav ha-daʿat is an anonymous Hebrew translation of al-Fārābī's Risālah fīʾl-ʿaql (Epistle on the Intellect), preserved in a single manuscript (in Vienna). For the first time it is here distinguished from a similarly entitled text, also preserved in a single manuscript (in Paris), which is a commentary upon Ketav ha-daʿat, by the littérateur Yeda'aya ha-Penini (early 14th century). The paper offers the editio princeps of Ketav ha-daʿat, preceded by an introductive study.The philosophical vocabulary of Ketav ha-daʿat is unique: it is unknown from any other source and appears to be the translator's (mostly infelicitous) own creation. Ketav ha-daʿat is not merely a translation, for it contains many interpolations (not marked as such), by the anonymous translator, introduced with a view to clarifying the text. An analysis of the interpolations sheds some light on the author and shows that he was competent in philosophy and had some original thoughts, as e.g., identifying "the mover of the first heaven" with the Shekhinah. A study of the vocabulary, notably of the history of the term daʿat for "intellect," leads to the suggestion that the translation was done in the mid-12th century, probably in Provence. Ketav ha-daʿat is thus one of the earliest translations into Hebrew of a non-Jewish philosophical work.The annotated critical edition closely compares the Hebrew text with the Arabic original and signals the interpolations. Following upon it is an Arabic-Hebrew comparative glossary of the terms used in Ketav ha-daʿat, in the two other known medieval Hebrew translations of the Epistle on the Intellect, and in Yedaʿaya ha-Penini's commentary. An appendix recounts the history of the research on Ketav ha-daʿat in the 19th and 20th centuries as a comedy of errors and missed opportunities.


This paper asks whether the term 'gentrification' c ould be applied to describe processes of urban regeneration taking place in East Manchester. The eastern side of Manchester was ravaged by the effects of deindustrialisation and w as consequently identified as one of the most deprived areas in Britain in the 1990s. Now, t his area is undergoing a radical transformation to re-brand it under a single banner , 'New East Manchester'. The paper explores both the appropriateness of using 'gentrif icat on' as an analytical concept as well as the extent to which it may offer further insight in o wider processes of social change and class in Britain today. It asks if approaches to gentrification are broad e nough in scope to encompass the complexities of class in processes of regeneration. The paper draws on interviews, conducted during a three month period o f research with a range of academics and local residents.


Forthcoming applications will need high guaranteed bandwidth and low bounded delay. This paper illustrates the advantage of distributing total capacity over several wavelengths with an appropriate protocol. Using the benefits of the multichannel capabilities, a new Ethernet protocol based on a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) scheme is proposed. The major goals are to geographically extend the network up to several km, to obtain an adequate delay and throughput performances in order to support real Local Area Network traffic, to simplify the transmission and reception schemes, to be compatible with existing standards and finally to satisfy the high demand of the large number of users connected. A logical bus Local Area Network is implemented over a passive star physical topology. Each node has a tunable transmitter in order to choose the channel where to transmit its packets. It is also equipped with a coherent receiver that captures packets from all the different wavelengths. This reception is achieved using coherent technology. The incoming optical signal is mixed with that of an optical local oscillator, which is shared by all the hosts, and then a group of electrical filters selects each different data channel at different intermediate frequencies. WDM optical networks emerge as a viable alternative to provide Gbit/s communications. A new protocol based on Ethernet, which senses the carrier (CSMA) with collisions detection and thus requires packet retransmission, is proposed. Channel jumping is introduced on the protocol as a new dimension. Hosts choose a wavelength to transmit data and if the chosen channel is busy packets have the possibility to escape to another channel. The new parameters are the number of consecutive collisions that one host has to wait before it changes to another wavelength, and the laser tuning time, which is the time required for the laser to jump from one wavelength to another. This new protocol i s compatible with Ethernet as long as those new parameters are taken from the physical layer. Network protocol behavior is first simulated by mixing long and short fixed length packets, which is more judicious than a fixed unique packet length model. A finite number of hosts generates packets with poissonian arrivals and with a bimodal distribution of packets lengths. Then the same simulations are done with long-range dependent traffic (self-similar). Simulation of 10 channels of 10 Mbit/s each and a single channel of 100 Mbit/s have allowed us to compare the transmission average delay, the packet loss rate and the throughput for the two sources of traffic. The self-similar traffic reflects better wh at really happens in a real network and consequently its results are more accurate. Our multichannel protocol tries to exploit the high capacity of the fiber by creating multiple channels on the same fiber. The advantages are the compatibility with Ethernet, the scalability (simply by adding more wavelengths to obtain higher bit rates) and the possibility of increasing the total capacity while keeping the same physical topology by increasing the bit rate per channel (thus replacing Ethernet by Fast Ethernet). CSMA/CD networks lose efficiency when the total traffic offered on the medium approaches the medium's capacity. Nevertheless, in the multichannel case the efficiency does not deteriorate so much as in the case of a single channel. Even, the average delay is much lower and the number of lost packets is a smaller by one order of magnitude when offered traffic is near the limit of the channel capacity. Compared to Fast Ethernet, our protocol maximum distance is 10 times longer, the average delay and the packet loss rate are lower, and more network capacity is easily obtained by increasing the number of channels. Our protocol offers one tenth of the offered traffic to each channel and this leads to less collisions and thus to a better throughput an d average delay. Multichannel performance results are superior compared to single channel ones for the same total capacity. New optical LAN protocol exploiting WDM and coherent transmission techniques is analyzed. Conceived as Ethernet evolution our multichannel protocol shows better performance than single channel one with the same total capacity. A multichannel Ethernet protocol for a WDM local area star network D. Rodellar et al . LANMAN'98, 9th IEEE WORKSHOP ON LOCAL AND METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS . Banff, Alberta, CANADA.May, 1998