As a new rapid prototyping technology, the laser melting deposition technology not only has the advantages of fast forming, high efficiency, but also free control in the design and production chain. Therefore, it has drawn extensive attention from community.With the continuous improvement of steel performance requirements, high performance low-carbon alloy steel is gradually integrated into high-tech fields such as aerospace, high-speed train and armored equipment.However, it is necessary to further explore and optimize the difficult process of laser melting deposited alloy steel parts to achieve the performance and shape control.This article took the orthogonal experiment on alloy steel powder by laser melting deposition ,and revealed the influence rule of the laser power, scanning speed, powder gas flow on the quality of the sample than the dilution rate, surface morphology and microstructure analysis were carried out.Finally, under the optimum technological parameters, the Excellent surface quality of the alloy steel forming part with high density, no pore and cracks was obtained.


Summary Identifying depression in the general population – A comparison of PHQ-9, PHQ-8 and PHQ-2 Objective: To examine the comparability of depression as defined by PHQ-9, PHQ-8 andPHQ-2 in the German general population.Methods: The PHQ-9 was assessed in a representative sample (N = 2524). Depression diag-nosisand depression severity asmeasuredeither byPHQ-9,PHQ-8orPHQ-2werecompared.Results: PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 performed comparably in identifying depressive persons, thoughthere are slight differences in rating depression severity. In comparison, the PHQ-2 showedthe best performance in the detection of any depressive disorder.Conclusions: The PHQ-9 should be used in clinical settings, whereas in research and whenpersons are being approached via telephone/mail/internet the PHQ-8 is preferable. ThePHQ-2 is recommended as a very economic and brief screener for depressive disorders. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 58/2012, 3–10 Keywords Depression – Screening – General Population – Patient Health Questionnaire


Two triad systems were synthesized from deuteroporphyrin IX by tethering 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and aromatic amino acids to its propionic groups using the method of mixed anhydrides. Physicochemical characteristics of the triads were studied, and the pi-electron systems of their chromophores were shown to interact. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2002, vol. 28, no. 4; see also http://www.maik.ru.


To study the hot deformation behavior of Al-Mg-Er alloy, hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator at the temperature range of 200-500°C with the strain rates from 0.001 to 10s-1. With the increase in the deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rates, the flow stress of the Al-Mg-Er alloy decreased. Processing maps were constructed to study on hot workability characteristics. The results showed that the flow stress curves exhibited the typical dynamic recrystallization characteristics and the stress decreased with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. Moreover, the processing maps were established on the basis of dynamic material model and Prasad's instability criterion.


This study offers a thorough treatment of Ottoman policy with respect to Christianity's holiest shrines during the first two centuries of Ottoman rule in Jerusalem. Based on official Ottoman records found in the registers of the kadi's court in Jerusalem as well as the Prime Ministry's Archives in Istanbul, it sheds new light on one of the most obscure and controversial chapters in the history of Christianity under Islam in Jerusalem.


A new queue control function family adopted in the Simple ER Identification Congestion Avoidance (SERICA) scheme, already used for the regulation of the ABR traffic flow in an ATM network, is derived and discussed. The resulting algorithm, called SERICA_ω, monitors both the load and buffer occupancy on each link and determines the load and the buffer occupancy rate factors, the available capacity, and the number of currently active virtual channels. The optimization parameters used are adjusted automatically, and thus, various quantities are determined on the switch. The new queue control function family improves the original SERICA scheme in the approximation of the ER field of the BRM cell, which will be sent by the switch to explicitly advise the sources about the rates at which they should transmit. Extended simulations on a simple network configuration showed that the achieved throughput is greater than 79% of the initially generated cells at the source and that the queuing delay is minimized. As it appears, the SERICA_ω algorithm succeeds on its purpose that is to increase throughput, preserving the queue threshold of the switch buffer at about O( ω τ PCR ).


If the eigenvalues $\lambda _1 , \cdots ,\lambda _n $, of an $n \times n$ matrix A are distinct, then the recursion $x_{i + 1} = Ax_i $ has n linearly independent solutions, one for each $\lambda _j $, such that the solution corresponding to $\lambda _j $ grows by a factor $\lambda _j $ per step. In this paper, similar results are obtained for the recursion $x_{i + 1} = A_ix_i $ if the eigensystem of $A_i $ changes slowly as a function of i. The conditions about the eigenvalues are relaxed and practicable error bounds are given.


The self-mixing laser Doppler velocitimeter(LDV)system using single mode vertical cavity emitting laser(VCSEL)has better temperature characteristics and wider external cavity length(the optical path length from the laser front mirror to target plate)range compared with the system using multi-mode laser diode.Difference frequency analog phase locked loop(PLL)for small signal processing was used and it obviously improved the velocity measurement accuracy.Triangular wave modulation according to which frequency is divided by the Doppler frequency f_d for direction discrimination was used and it improved its accuracy and dynamic range.The experimental results are as follows:when external length is 30±3 mm, temperature range is 0℃~55℃(no temperature controller for VCSEL),sampling time is 0.1 s,the velocity measurement resolution is better than 0.2% and when velocity measurement range is 30~480 mm/s,the accuracy is better than 0.1% and when the measurement range is 5~480 mm/s,the accuracy is better than 2%.When the supply voltage is 5 V,the forward direction indicating level is higher than 4.9 V and the backward level is lower than 0.1 V.


The paper explicitly models price competition in financial markets in which prices are quoted by competing dealers before future demand is observed. The strategic behaviour of informed insiders and uninformed liquidity traders implies that a growing number of market makers leads to a higher risk exposure for the individual market maker which induces higher individual bid-ask-spreads and higher transaction costs for the liquidity traders. Under certain conditions liquidity traders would prefer a monopolistic market maker rather than several competing market makers. The results hold under various assumptions on the strategy space of the market makers.


Mastocytosis is a rare clonal disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mast cells, which accumulate in one or several organ systems such as skin, bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and gastrointestinal tract. The heterogeneity of the clinical presentation is typically related to different disease burdens in various tissues and symptoms due to the release of mast cell mediators. The diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Here we describe the case of a 70-year old patient with a past history of drug-induced anaphylactic shock whose clinical presentation was dramatic and required intensive support: the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis was reached after the exclusion of diseases more commonly encountered in routine clinical practice ( e.g. stroke, pulmonary embolism).


Volcanic ash particles collected from the stratosphere after the March/April, 1982 explosive eruption of El Chichon volcano, Mexico, were mostly 2-40-µm vesicular shards of silicic volcanic glass that varied in abundance, at 16.8-19.2 km altitude, from 200 m−3 (30-49°N lat.) in May to 1.3 m−3 (45-75°N) in October. At the minimum, the ash cloud covered latitudes 10-60°N in July and 10°S-75°N in October. In May and July, ash particles were mostly free, individual shards (and clusters of shards) but, by October, were intimately associated with liquid droplets (presumably, sulfuric acid). In May 1982, the total stratospheric burden of ash was at least 240 tons (2.2 × 108 g) although the total ash injected into the stratosphere by the eruption was probably 480-8400 tons.


About the Authors. Foreword. 1. Why We Need Leadership in Place (Jon F. Wergin). 2. Legacies of Leadership in Place (Susanne Morgan). 3. (Leading?) From the Core ("Professor X"). 4. Adaptive Leadership and Transformative Learning: A Case Study of Leading by Part-time Faculty (Shelley A. Chapman, Linda M. Randall). 5. Creative Redesign for Change (Mark Hower, Shana Hormann). 6. Leadership Stymied (Victoria Hardy). 7. Sharing Leadership in an Academic Health Center School of Nursing (Carol A. Reineck). 8. Following the Leader and Leading the Followers (Joseph Barwick). 9. Leadership Is Action: Learning to Lead in Place (Willis M. Watt). 10. Leadership as Place (Ellen Russell Beatty Robert Page). 11. Conclusion (Jon F. Wergin). Name Index. Subject Index.


In this article various biological effects of oligosaccharides was elaborated. Cooperative effect of amount of oligosaccharides added,living environment and growing phase of animals and diet composition on adding oligosaccharides was indicated, by which study and application about oligosaccharide additives were based.


Research Note Ten cultivars representing Riesling-type vines and 12 cultivars of the Burgundy family were analyzed by RAPD-PCR. Employing computer programs, similarity degrees were calculated from the RAPD patterns obtained from a set of 20 dekamer primers and used to perform cluster analysis. The Riesling-type cultivars could be differentiated from each other and from the progenitor of a cross Pinot noir x Chambourcin ("Spezial" in Fig.l). With the exception of Aubin blanc, Aubin vert and Elbling white, the Riesling-type cultivars did not show any close relationship. From the Burgundies, Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, Pinot blanc and Pinot gris could not be differentiated. Neither could Chardonnay blanc be differentiated from Chardonnay musque, nor Aligote from Aligote vert. Discrimination between the other cultivars was possible. Two Morillon samples from different origins were analyzed and showed clear differences in their RAPD patterns. Furthermore, they seemed to be more similar to Riesling white than to the Burgundies.


According to the characteristics of reservoirs,the water body was divided into three layers.A quadratic curve three-layer water body model was established.Considering its gravity and the center of gravity,the mechanical analysis of the water body at the inlet of conduit was performed through the analysis of water pressures and the gravitational components of layered water body in the axial direction.A hydropower energy generation model was proposed by calculating the work of water micro-elements in the axial direction of the conduit and the work of water micro-elements at the inlet and outlet of the pressure conduit by the gravity of the three-layer water body as well as its kinetic and potential energies.The results show that the layered model for the water body of reservoirs by use of the micro-element method can accurately represent and describe the generation process of hydropower energy.


Abstract:"I could say that I built a virtual playground where everyone can find their favorite climbing frames, slide, swing, without an age limit."


While social trust is seen as an important factor for political, economic and social progress in the world, its country-specific mode of formation still remains under-researched. This study focuses on Ukraine as a primary subject of analysis and attempts to define major predictors that contribute to yielding or undermining trust levels in this country's peculiar context. A special attention is paid to the impact that the recent war with Russia has conducted on the patterns of social trust building among the Ukrainian population. The analysis is based on applying a multilevel model to the World Values Survey (WVS) data from the pre-war and the in-war periods (2011 and 2020). The results are used to argue that the process of social trust emergence is largely influenced by political conditions in Ukraine and closely linked by the Ukrainians to the issues of national identity and liberal democracy.


In ancient or partially eroded arc sections, a protracted history of tectonism and deformation makes interpretation of local volcanic-plutonic relationships challenging. The fragmentary preservation of volcanic rocks relative to the extensive plutonic record in upper-crustal arc sections also suggests that a broader-scale approach that includes volcanic-hypabyssal-plutonic "fields" is useful. In this context, studies of hypabyssal intrusions emplaced at the intersection of volcanic and plutonic fields provide additional physical and chemical constraints on shallow-level magmatic processes. New mapping, U-Pb zircon geochronology, and geochemistry at Tioga Pass, in the central Sierra Nevada arc section, document the physical and chemical evolution of the Tioga Pass hypabyssal complex, a ca. 100 Ma system that includes an intrusive dacite-rhyolite porphyry unit and comagmatic Tioga Lake quartz monzodiorite. We interpret these units as a Cretaceous subvolcanic magma feeder system intruding a package of tectonically displaced Triassic and Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, rather than the previous interpretation of a Triassic caldera. The Tioga Pass magmatic system is a well-exposed example of a hypabyssal complex with meso- to micro-scale structures that are consistent with rapid cooling and emplacement between 0–6 km depth and compositions suggestive of extensive fractionation of largely mantle-derived magma. The Tioga Pass porphyry unit is one of many hypabyssal intrusions scattered along a ~50-kilometer-wide belt of the east-central Sierra Nevada that are spatially associated with coeval volcanic and plutonic rocks due to tectonic downward transfer of arc crust. They provide a valuable perspective of shallow magmatic processes that may be used to test upper-crustal plutonic-volcanic links in tectonically reorganized arc sections.


There are analysed cucumber varietal resources and directions of their use. The results of the study of 400 cucumber variety samples of native- and native and foreign breeding under conditions of the open sheltered ground (spring - summer crop rotation) are elucidated. The best ones are revealed, which are characterized by early ripening, productivity, the sign of parthenocarpy.


Over the past decade, there's been tremendous advancements in soft and highly stretchable circuitry for use in epidermal electronics for health monitoring, wearable computing, and soft robotics. As these technologies continue to improve, there is increasing interest in new material architectures that allow these materials to be printable over large areas or to exhibit robust self-healing properties. Here, I present progress on new classes of highly elastic "biphasic" composites that incorporate gallium indium (EGaIn) liquid metal and silver flakes within a soft polymer matrix. These include printable inks for creating soft, sticker-like, digital circuits and bioelectronic interface using styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) thermoplastic elastomer as the polymer binder. I also present recent progress on EGaIn-Ag-organogel composites that exhibit unique combinations of dynamically tunable electrical conductivity and spontaneous mechanical self-healing. These composites can be utilized for applications that range from highly stretchable digital circuits to bioelectronic stickers for electrophysiological monitoring.


The disappearance of Rwanda. forests and attendant change in climatic conditions prompted the government to explore clean energy alternatives such as biogas. Unlike at any other time in Rwanda.s history, more and more Rwandans in rural areas are becoming owners of cattle because of Government of Rwanda.s agricultural direct assistance and poverty reduction programme known as Girinka.This paper focuses on the various strategies employed by the government of Rwanda in achieving increased biogas use among the rural poor Girinka beneficiaries who use cow dung for their domestic biogas plants. Conditions necessary for successful implementation of clean energy pro-poor reforms in rural communities are explored.


The purpose of this study was to compare the strategic behavior and performance of two groups of companies: manufacturers and subcontractors operating in the Croatian textile and clothing industry. The hypotheses were tested with data collected from company survey carried out during the period of December 2006 to February 2007 in Croatia. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test. The results indicate that manufacturers have higher total expenses and higher capital intensity. They pay higher than average wages and are more inclined to conduct R&D, design and development and carry out market research. Manufacturers tend to emphasize their own brands and invest in marketing and promotion signifi cantly more than subcontractors. The fi ndings show that manufacturers exhibited higher productivity level than subcontractors, which was not the case with profi tability. The framework provided helps manufacturers evaluate their current position better and improve their market positioning accordingly.


In this paper, compact microwave components, including a Wilkinson power divider and a 3 dB branch-line coupler based on artificial transmission lines (ATLs) with harmonic suppression, are presented. A section ATL is consisted of microstrip stepped impedance transmission lines and a microstrip interdigital capacitor. To achieve a compact size, the stepped impedance transmission lines are folded into a right-angled triangle shape. For the ATL, the interdigital capacitor is used to suppress harmonics. By employing two sections of 70.7 Ω ATLs with a right-angled triangle shape to replace conventional transmission lines, the proposed power divider working at 0.9 GHz achieves a size miniaturization with the 58.8% area of a conventional case. In addition, the power divider has good harmonic suppression performance. In the design of a branch-line coupler, two pairs of ATLs with 50 Ω and 35.4 Ω are utilized. For 50 Ω ATLs, the ATLs are designed to a right-angled triangle shape. Meanwhile, to obtain a more compact size, these 35.4 Ω ATLs are modified to an isosceles trapezoid shape. The proposed branch-line coupler operating at 0.9 GHz accounts for merely 33.4% of a coupler adopting conventional microstrip transmission lines. Moreover, the harmonics of a branch-line coupler are suppressed effectively as well. Finally, measured results of the proposed Wilkinson power divider and branch-line coupler display good performance and agree with their simulated results well.


This paper deals with the blending problem of extracted phosphate ores of different characteristics (phosphate, silica…), to produce required grades that respect range constraints for these haracteristics. The data used in this paper is the actual data from an OCP site1; OCP is world leader of phosphate extraction and transformation (acids, fertilizers) industry. We have extended the traditional LP formulation of the blending problem in a dynamic version where the optimal blends of required grades vary in time and depend on initial stocks and possible feedings of extracted ores and on the set of grades to be produced. The performance of our dynamic blending model has led the OCP site concerned to develop and use an extended version of this model


A link diagram can be considered as a $4$-valent graph embedded in the $2$-sphere and divides the sphere into complementary regions. In this paper, we show that any link has a diagram with only triangles and quadrilaterals. This extends previous results shown by the authors and C. Adams.


Subgrade contact pressures under rigid pavements were analyzed using the finite element method for concrete slabs on liquid and elastic subgrades. It was found that when the maximum bending stress in the slab is made in agreement in the two analyses, the deflections and subgrade contact pressures are much greater for elastic than for liquid subgrades. Although initial bending stresses in the concrete slab are well below the concrete strengths, excessive subgrade pressures undoubtedly cause large permanent deformations in the subgrade soil, possibly increasing the stresses in the concrete slab rapidly and eventually leading to early failure of the concrete pavement. The computation of large subgrade pressures at slab edges only in pavements with weak subgrade soil supports the Corps of Engineers design practice of reduction of pavement thickness for pavements with high subgrade k values, although bending stresses in the concrete slab are only slightly affected by variations in k values. Once initial cracki...


Note: Proc. 27th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Budapest, Hungary, 12-16 June 2000, ECA Vol. 24B, 173-176 (2000) (P1-026) Reference CRPP-CONF-2000-023 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12


The present invention relates to an evaporator that includes: a plurality of heating tubes; an upper tube plate that supports the plurality of heating tubes with spaces therebetween; and a first dispersion plate provided above the upper tube plate. On the first dispersion plate are provided two or more liquid through holes constituted such that a starting material liquid passes through and two or more gas through holes constituted such that a gas passes through. Viewed from the direction that the plurality of heating tubes extend, the plurality of liquid through holes is formed in positions that overlap regions in the upper tube plate in which the heating tubes are not provided and the plurality of gas through holes is formed in positions that overlap regions in which the plurality of heating tubes is provided. The plurality of heating tubes has protruding parts that protrude from the upper surface of the upper tube plate. According to the present invention, an evaporator in which blockage in the heat tubes can be suppressed and evaporation of a starting material liquid can be carried out smoothly is provided.


IntroductionUrsula Stephany and Maria D. Voeikova Early development of number in the Spanish nounCarmen Aguirre and Victoria Marrero The early development of Case and Number in EstonianReili Argus Early phases in the development of Greek noun inflectionAnastasia Christofidou and Ursula Stephany Early development of number in the Italian nounAnna de Marco and Sabrina Noccetti Early development of noun inflection in RussianNatalia Gagarina and Maria D. Voeikova Early nominal morphology in Turkish: Emergence of case and numberNihan Ketrez and Ayhan Aksu-Koc The early development of noun inflection in PolishDorota Kiebzak-Mandera Relations between noun and verb plural development in two French-speaking childrenMarianne Kilani-Schoch The acquisition of number and case in Austrian German nounsKatharina Korecky-Kroll and Wolfgang U. Dressler The acquisition of case, number and gender in CroatianMelita Kovacevi& No. 7689 , Marijan Palmovi? and Gordana Hr& No. 382 ica The acquisition of case and plural in FinnishKlaus Laalo The early development of number in Yucatec MayaBarbara Pfeiler The early development of number in Palestinian ArabicDorit Ravid Personal pronouns and other forms of address in Lithuanian language acquisitionIneta Savickiene.


In the three-dimensional reconstruction process based on structured light,for resolving the matching problem between the camera observation pattern and projection pattern,and improving the precision of point-cloud data,encoded the structured light using De Bruijn sequence.The color-stripe-borderline correspondence is solved with the BN-Matching algorithm based on the global optimal,and an edge detection algorithm is proposed aiming at the specialty and purpose of structured-light images.The coded strategy integrates the ideas of time-multiplexing code and spatial neighborhood code,and does not restrict the continuity and monotony of object surface.The experiments show the edge detection and BN-Matching are robust,and the point-cloud data is fine to reconstruct the 3D surface.


The paper describes the existing methods for heterogeneous HS TCP,and analyzes the control strategy,condition and performance of other two kinds of scheme which based on the acknowledgment of base station and the arrival time of data units.


A stochastic identification technique is proposed to estimate both the parameters and order of multi-input multi-output vibrating structural systems. An overspecified order time-series model is considered. The extraneous modes associated with the overspecified order model are distinguished from system modes by applying a backwards approach. The poles of the extraneous modes have been shown to be canceled by the extra zeroes. These poles are found to be generally inside the unit circle. Simulation examples have been presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Experimental data from the vibration of a flexible truss, representing a model of a steel tower, is used to identify the system order and natural frequencies. The results of the identified natural frequencies and system parameters will be used to study the system response and to investigate design modifications.


A practical and multifunctional use of Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) in wireless applications is presented by demonstrating a system that realizes commercial band FM stereo transmission and meets specifications set by the FCC. This system contains the ability to synthesize passband signals that are modulated completely in the discrete time domain by performing baseband modulation in a custom CMOS VLSI core and interfacing to an off-chip Direct Digital Synthesizer in order to generate the high frequency carrier. Using off-chip analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), baseband modulation is achieved by band limiting two audio frequency inputs to 15kHz, sampling each at 106kHz, and then taking their sum and difference. The sum, or monaural signal, is added together with the difference signal that has been amplitude modulated on a 38kHz subcarrier. Lastly, a 19kHz pilot tone is added in phase with the subcarrier in order for the subcarrier to be regenerated coherently at the receiver. The pilot tone and the subcarrier are discrete time local oscillators that are synthesized on-chip. Once the baseband sample has been processed, it is converted to a phase deviation, added to the carrier phase, and written to the DDS in order for the passband frequency to be updated. The core architecture is based upon a 16-bit RISC microprocessor with application specific modules to achieve the design objectives. These modules include a multiply- accumulate (MAC) unit, on-chip memory, and an on-chip lookup table. The passband, or carrier, frequencies are fully programmable, as is the core so that many different modulation schemes can be achieved.


The idea of the word 'university' emerged due to the desire to integrate all academic cultures. However, there seems to be an emerging trend of dichotomy between various disciplines and departments in the university which is beginning to brew toxic competition. Music education is fundamental to the very existence of human beings and it is one discipline that is particularly making connections across other disciplines. This qualitative paper is directed to the task of calling attention to the need to capture the symbiotic relationship among disciplines in the university system using music education as a case study to establish that within the uniqueness of every discipline, there exists a connectedness to various other disciplines, which embodies the original conception of university learning. Through library search, this study x-rays the scholastic component of the structural content of music education and its relationship to other disciplines in the university. Hinging this study on Greece's philosophical views of university education, a solution for more collaboration between various disciplines in the university was proffered.


The ever increasing power of computers couples with the downward trend in memory costs have made it possible to solve very large complex field problems utilising the finite element methodology. This has emphasised the need for efficient data creation and handling which has stimulated investigation into what has become known as pre- and post- processing. Over the last decade a great deal of work has been done in pre- and post-processing as far as two dimensional analysis is concerned. However the level of expertise demonstrated with two dimensional problems is some way from being realised as far as three dimensional problems are concerned. This paper reports some of the details of element and constraint definition as implemented in a highly interactive three dimensional mesh generator designed to operate on a small dedicated computer.


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Description of S-Layer Proteins
Occurrence, Location, and Ultrastructure
S-Layer Fusion Proteins
S-Layer Self-Assembly
Crystal Growth at Interfaces

S-Layer Protein Microstructures
Photolithography
Soft Lithography: Micromolding in Capillaries
Soft Lithography: Microcontact Printing

S-Layer Protein Reassembly at Interphases
High-Resolution Imaging of S-Layer Lattices in Contact Mode
Force–Distance Curves
Probing the Mechanical Properties of S-Layers
Controlled Unzipping of S-Layer Protein Lattices

S-Layer Proteins Lattices with Functional Groups for Recognition Imaging and Molecule Templating
Principles of Single-Molecule Recognition Force Spectroscopy
Single-Molecule Recognition Force Spectroscopy Investigations on S-Layers
MAC Mode AFM Imaging
Principles of Topography and Recognition Imaging
Topography and Recognition Imaging of S-Layer
Fabrication of Molecule and Nanoparticle Arrays Templated by S-Layer Lattices

Reassembly of S-Layer Proteins on Solid Supports with Modified Surface Properties
Hydrophilic versus Hydrophobic Supports
Reassembly on Mica
Reassembly on Silicon Substrates
Reassembly on Silanized Silicon Substrates
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Dialkyldisulfide Derivatives
Chemical, Thermal, and Mechanical Stability

Applications
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments

Keywords:

S-layer proteins;
self-assembly;
scanning force microscopy;
single molecule recognition force microscopy;
soft lithography;
nanobiotechnology


The present study was performed to determine the ANG II‐dependence of distal nephron sodium reabsorption in Cyp1a1‐Ren2 transgenic rats [strain name: TGR(Cyp1a1‐Ren2)] with inducible ANG II‐dependent malignant hypertension. To assess distal nephron sodium reabsorptive function, we compared sodium excretion before and after blockade of the two main distal nephron sodium transporters by intravenous administration of amiloride (AMIL; 25 μg) plus bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ; 25 μg) in pentobarbital sodium‐anesthetized male Cyp1a1‐Ren2 transgenic rats (n=5). Cyp1a1‐Ren2 transgenic rats induced with 0.3% I3C for 8–10 days exhibited a markedly elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP; 185±5 vs. 131±3 mmHg, P<0.001) compared with non‐induced rats (n=5). Administration of AMIL+BFTZ did not alter MAP in either group, but elicited a greater increase in urinary sodium excretion in the non‐induced control rats than in the hypertensive rats (6.36±1.08 vs. 3.13±0.42 μEq/min, P<0.05). Distal nephron sodium delivery was not different between the two groups (7.43±1.41 vs. 5.24±0.86 μEq/min). However, absolute distal nephron sodium reabsorption and fractional reabsorption of distal nephron sodium delivery were markedly lower in the hypertensive rats than in the normotensive rats (3.13±0.42 vs. 6.36±1.08 μEq/min and 63.37±7.86 vs. 87.97±4.58 %, respectively, P<0.05 in both cases). These findings demonstrate that distal nephron sodium reabsorptive function is markedly decreased in Cyp1a1‐Ren2 rats with ANG II‐dependent malignant hypertension. Such impaired distal nephron sodium reabsorptive function suggests that ANG II‐dependent stimulation of distal nephron sodium reabsorption does not contribute substantively to the hypertension in these rats.


The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of online learning on economicslearning during the Covid-19 pandemic by the eleventh grader of social studies major at SMA Negeri 1 Bontang. This research is also to find out students' perceptions of applications, tools, and networks used in online learning. This is a case study researchby using qualitative approach. The data sources in this study were eight students from class XI IPS and oneeconomics teacher. This research used purposive sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data collection techniqueused interview, questionnaires and documentation techniques.The research's finding showed promising result in terms of availability of tools. Cellphone and laptop are the tools used in online learning. The students also showed the capability to use online learning application such as Whatsapp and Google Classroom. The research also showed that students tend to be more interested in using Google Classroom.  Learning process indicators demonstrated the range of student preferences for online learning concepts. There are two dominant concepts. The first is lectures, in which students gain a better understanding of the topic through the teacher's explanation. The second is online learning in the form of videos. The content in the form of a video is more entertaining than reading content.The fulfillment of online learning resources for all students, particularly mobile devices, demonstrates extremely high outcomes in the support indication. Support from schools is also provided, such as internet bundles, textbooks, and instruction on how to utilize online learning media apps. Students are also feeling the support of their parents. The establishment of a parent Whatsapp group by the homeroom teacher is as a school partner in overseeing the student learning process. Keywords: Perception, Online Learning, Covid-19 Pandemic


[ANGLES] Next generation of optical networks will necessitate the use of advanced functionalities in the transceivers. In particular, modulation format recognition will enable dynamically switched energy efficient networks that can adapt to traffic demand and optimize resource utilization. This thesis presents the first comparison of clustering algorithms applied to modulation format recognition in Stokes space. 2-, 4-, 8-PSK and 8-, 12-, 16-QAM modulation formats are recognized and the requirements in terms of OSNR performance, accuracy and complexity are analyzed. A novel technique is also proposed for modulation format recognition in Stokes space, based on maximum likelihood between the received signal and the characteristics of the modulations targeted, showing OSNR requirements lower than those in the previously published literature.


Abstract The objective of this work was to check the fiber network activation parameter developed earlier by the authors for eucalypt pulp fibers to predict technical properties of paper. The fiber size analyses were performed with an optical fiber analyzer that applies 2D image analysis techniques on single fibers. The effects of fiber length, fiber width, fiber wall thickness, and fiber curl distributions on the quality potential of eucalypt fibers were evaluated. Fiber curl and fiber wall thickness based parameters were found to have a high potential for evaluation of eucalypt fiber quality. The variations in technical properties of paper were explained with differences in fiber wall thickness and fiber curl distributions. When the model was tested against industrial long fiber pulps, a further modification for fiber length was needed. The Page tensile strength model and the shear-lag theory were applied for comparison of the results obtained by the network activation model. With the approach presented in this article, the strength characteristics of hardwood and softwood pulps can be easily evaluated based on fiber geometry and water retention value.


Aims Weight gain, cardiometabolic complications and psychosis are implicated in significant reduction in life expectancy.While there is current research to uncover a shared aetiology for mental illness and metabolic diseases, people with FEP are especially vulnerable to rapid weight gain during the early stages of treatment due to the side effects profile of many antipsychotic medications. Physical exercise along with lifestyle and dietary modifications have proven efficacy in weight reduction, improving metabolic profile and mental well-being and may be valuable interventions during the early stages of a psychotic illness.Our aim was to find evidence to support the use of non-pharmacological interventions in managing weight gain in people with FEP. Methods We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases; MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO on 06/01/2023. We included all studies that looked at non-pharmacological interventions in the management of weight gain for people diagnosed with FEP. Findings are reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Two authors independently assessed the included studies' methodological quality using The National Institute of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies and all included studies were rated as good. Results Our search identified 221 studies and 5 met our inclusion criteria. All studies had a control group that received treatment as usual (TAU) and a test group with Interventions such as dietetic support and exercise programs. Four of the studies demonstrated reduced weight gain on follow up with lifestyle interventions that were statistically significant while the remaining one study did not show a significant difference between groups. One study showed sustained improvement in diet quality with no significant weight change at 2 year follow up. The essential lifestyle interventions that led to reduced weight gain included psychoeducation on healthy lifestyle, dietary modifications and exercise. Three studies included cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid profile and blood glucose. One of them demonstrated increased cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline which worsened initially but improved after 1 to 2 years of intervention. Another study found increased cholesterol in the intervention group and increased glucose levels in the TAU group and the third study did not find a significant difference between the groups. Conclusion Lifestyle weight-management interventions have the potential to reduce weight gain in patients with FEP receiving antipsychotic treatment, but research evidence is very limited at present.


Abstract : An isolate of Fusarium roseum 'Culmorum' was isolated in 1974 from diseased stratiotes aloides (Hydrocharitaceae) plants found new Wageningen, The Netherlands. In laboratory tests conducted in Gainesville, it was found to be pathogenic to a relative of S. aloides, Hydrilla verticillata, one of the most important aquatic plants in Florida. Hydrilla plants grown in different kinds of sterile water in containers ranging from 50-ml tubes to 20-pound aquarium tanks were killed following addition of macroconidial suspensions of this isolate and incubation for several weeks. A minimum of 25,000 conidia/ml of treated water were required to kill hydrilla. The host range of the Dutch Culmorum isolate was tested on 80 plant species including corp cultivars and nontarget aquatic plants. Seed infestation and/or seedling inoculation methods were used. Results indicated that the fungus infected some nontarget hosts, but was not a significant primary pathogen of any of the terrestrial hosts tested. It was lethal to certain aquatic plants, which also may be controlled by this isolate. The fungus survived in water or moist soil for at least 9 weeks, but the number of propagules in water declined to a low level during this period. The fungus was harmless to mosquitofish in an acute toxicity bioassay. A fungicide capable of controlling this fungus was identified.


In this article, the novel approach to equations of motion for serial manipulators developed in literature by Bertrand and Bruneau (2013) is extended to make it usable for manipulators with general joints (i.e., prismatic and/or rotational). In this method, the dynamic model is explicitly and directly obtained from the structural parameters of the manipulator and matrix algebra without intermediate heavy calculations such as energy derivation. The correctness and efficiency of the described method are demonstrated through simulation of the dynamical equations of a 5-DOF SCARA robot. The simulation results obtained using the new formulation were compared with those derived by Kane's method, Lagrange–Euler formulation, and GIM (generalized inertia matrix)-Christoffel's algorithm, which proves the efficiency and correctness of the presented model. It was concluded that the new formulation requires less CPU time to generate explicit closed-form inverse dynamics. Finally, to illustrate the power of the new formulation in real-time control, a trajectory tracking control for the SCARA manipulator based on the numeric and symbolic computation of the inverse dynamic is established, and it is shown that the numeric and symbolic approaches based on our method are equivalent. As a consequence, the applicability of the new formulation in real-time model-based control is proved.


The issue of safety and security has always been of concern to any passengers. This study examined the travelers' perception towards the safety and the security needs of a commuter rail service. Three hundred respondents from three stations were selected for a purposive survey. Using multiple liner regression, the relationship between lighting, availability of security guard, passengers' behavior and layout and design with travelers' perception on the safety and security needs was predicted. The results revealed the availability of security guards had the most significant contribution towards the variance of the dependent variable. This is followed by the layout and design of the stations and then lighting. Passengers' behavior however does not contribute significantly to the variance of the dependent variable. Such findings provide good input towards further enhancing the overall safety and security aspects of the commuter rail services.


BiosecurityEver since the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced plans to replace the aging Plum Island Animal Disease Center with a mainland facility 4 years ago, the proposal has been attacked by environmental groups and lawmakers worried about the risk to livestock of an accidental release of deadly pathogens like the foot-and-mouth virus. Now, as DHS prepares to build the $450 million National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility in Manhattan, Kansas, it has run into its stiffest challenge yet: a damning report from the Government Accountability Office that accuses DHS of relying on a flawed risk analysis to push the project through.


This paper proposes a novel quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm with the global best (gbset) position subjected to Levy probability distribution. Firstly, a Gaussian mutation with the mean being the gbest position and the standard deviation being half of the distance between the mean best (mbest) position and gbest position is executed on gbest position, hence, a GGQPSO algorithm is formed. On the basis of it, by selecting a fast and accurate Levy random numbers numerical simulation algorithm and defining the "effective standard deviation", the only 2 parameters of Levy distribution can be determined according to empirical equations and trials respectively. Therefore, LGQPSO is taken shape. The distributions of gbest positions in LGQPSO, GGQPSO and QPSO are compared with each other. For the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of LGQPSO, QPSO algorithm with Cauchy mutated gbest position is introduced. The above four algorithms are tested on 5 test functions. It is shown by the experiment results that LGQPSO is an approach that could considerably improve performances of QPSO. LGQPSO is more likely to escape from local optimum and obtain steadier solutions in most cases.


Long‐term mortality among TB survivors appears to be higher than control populations without TB in many settings. However, data are limited among persons with HIV (PWH). We assessed the association between cured TB and long‐term mortality among persons with PWH in Haiti.


Global warming is real and anthropogenic. This is a fact. But the current consensus goes totally off track by blaming carbon, methane and water vapor. The real cause of global warming is the combination of losses of energy (heat and all other sources of radiation) with volcanic tephras and other materials in the high atmosphere. The tephras and other high altitude materials retain some of the energy lost from e.g. badly isolated buildings, motors, cattle, all non-renewables sources of electricity and energy - hence nuclear reactors which are a hidden contributor as they lose 70% of their thermal output in the environment before conversion into electricity – and some of the energy from the other sources of dissipation, from thermal radiation to EM waves and photons from lights especially with non-energy-efficient systems. This model allows to explain very closely the evolution of the Global Land Ocean Temperature Index provided for 1880 to today by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The high significance of the tree cover to fight off global warming is once again underlined and other tracks are also offered. A mechanism of natural balance is then shown. Natural disasters destroy areas contributing too much to global warming. This is demonstrated in particular with nuclear reactors (but this is non-exhaustive, all other above-average sources of energy loss are affected). A solution for sustainable fission power for electricity is provided at the end.


Numerical evidence is presented which strongly suggests that "Jacobi's last geometric statement"-that the conjugate locus from a point has exactly four cusps and the corresponding cut locus consists of only one topological segment-holds for compact real analytic Liouville surfaces diffeomorphic to S 2 if the Gaussian curvature is everywhere positive and has exactly six critical points, these being two saddles, two global minima, and two global maxima (as is the case for an ellipsoid). Our experiments suggest that this is a sufficient rather than a necessary condition. Furthermore, for compact real analytic Liouville surfaces diffeomorphic to S 2 upon which the Gaussian curvature can be negative but has exactly six critical points, these being two saddles, two global minima, and two global maxima, it appears that the cut locus is always a subarc of a line given by x 1 = const or x 2 = const, where (x 1 ,x 2 ) are canonical coordinates with respect to which the metric has the form (f 1 (x 1 ) ± f 2 (x 2 ))(dx 2 1 +dx 2 2 ). In the case of an ellipsoid, these curves are lines of curvature.


This article derives from a research aimed at sketching the genealogy of organized crime and bases its theoretical and methodological foundations on some of the "strong ideas" in Michel Foucault's work. This article also specifically shows an "archeological" analysis of the discourse of organized crime, in order to understand its conditions of possibility and power of affirmation expressed in practices conducive to penal punishment.


This paper deals with a Z-source active power filter(Z-AFU) for mitigation voltage THD(total harmonic distortion) due to voltage harmonic propagation (amplification) in 6.6kv power distribution system. Bus voltage harmonic signal is detected by 60Hz butterworth BPF(band pass filter). As an ESS(energy storage system) of the proposed system, PEM fuel cells(Ballard NEXA, 1.2kw) is employed. Test results based on PSIM(power electro rues simulation tool) validate the proposed approach.


In working and practical contexts, dogs rely upon their ability to discriminate a target odor from distracting odors and other sensory stimuli. Few studies have examined odor discrimination using non-behavioral methods or have approached odor discrimination from the dog's perspective. Using awake fMRI in 18 dogs, we examined the neural mechanisms underlying odor discrimination between two odors and a mixture of the odors. Neural activation was measured during the presentation of a target odor (A) associated with a food reward, a distractor odor (B) associated with nothing, and a mixture of the two odors (A+B). Changes in neural activation during the presentations of the odor stimuli in individual dogs were measured over time within three regions known to be involved with odor processing: the caudate nucleus, the amygdala, and the olfactory bulbs. Average activation within the amygdala showed that dogs maximally differentiated between odor stimuli based on the stimulus-reward associations by the first run, while activation to the mixture (A+B) was most similar to the no-reward (B) stimulus. To identify the neural representation of odor in the dog brain, we used machine learning to predict the classification of the odor mixture into its components with 73% accuracy. Using a random forest classifier, we found that the amygdala, piriform, and posterior cingulate cortices were most important for the classification of odors in the dog brain. Confusion matrices suggested that the dogs treated the odor mixture as a new configuration rather than elemental components.


This article illustrates the measures for U.K.to attract and train international innovative talent of science and technology,summarizes the characteristics of its talent policy,in view of the current status of its international mobility of human resource in science and technology.On that basis,this article makes effective recommendations on the formation of the innovative team in China.


A typical turbidite cycle from rocks of the middle Miocene Kumano Group of the southeastern Kii Peninsula, Japan was studied to determine in particular distinguishing features of the pelite interval. Grain-size and mineralogical composition data are inconclusive in distinguishing the turbidite Edivision from the inter-turbidite F-division. However, fabric information revealed by scanning electron microscope study, varies for the two divisions. The sandstone and turbiditic siltstone have random clay flake orientation (suggestive of rapid deposition of fiocculated sediments), while preferred orientation exists in the interturbidite unit. The latter fabric may have been produced by deposition of the clay in the dispersed state.


The pretreatment process of two-bath-two-step and one-bath-one-step methods using desizing enzyme and scouring enzyme were studied based on the problems of the traditional cotton fabric pretreatments with severe pollution and high energy consumption.The results showed that the fabric treated by enzyme had the advantages of lower strength loses,better handle,soft conditions,low pollution and low energy consumption.


ABSTRACT Backgrounds :  nosocomial infection causes the losing of mater, longer medication duration, decreasing of productivity, also decreasing of hospital's quality. It is necessary to be investigated about the determinant factor of nosocomial Infection. Problem of research : what factors is just which related to the happening of hurt operate for infections Nosocomial in RSUD Town Semarang? Objectives : to analyze the correlations among the age, gender, wound treatment category, duration of post operation treatment, usage of prophylactic antibiotic, wound size, and level of room treatment with the prevalence of nosocomial infection. Research Methods this explanatory research used cross sectional design and approach. The independent variables are (l) age, (2) gender, (3) wound treatment category, @) duration of post operation treatment, (5) usage of prophylactic antibiotic, (6) wound size, (7) level of room treatment, and the dependent variable is Prevalence of nosocomial infection. Result : there are 7 cases of 88 patients with surgery wound. They are 4 of 50 males patients and 3 of 38 females. There are significant correlations among age, wound treatment category. Durations of post surgery treatment, usage of prophylactic antibiotic, and level of room treatment with the prevalence of nosocomial Infection ( p < 0,05). Conclusions: There are significant correlation among age, wound treatment category, duration of post surgery treatments, usage of prophylactic antibiotic, and level of room treatment with the prevalence of nosocomial Infection Keyword: surgery wound, nosocomial infection, prophylactic antibiotic


Аim: To determine the effectiveness of the method biorevitalisation cervical correction cervical incompetence (CIN) before the planned pregnancy by restoring physiological sphincter cervix using her replacement excessive muscle connective tissue. Methods. A total of 80 non-pregnant women with CIN, the main group, and 20 healthy women, included in the control group. The main group of patients was divided into two clinical groups: 1 40 women with CIN, which pregravid period were treated fillers based on hyaluronic acid, 2 40 women with CIN, which before pregnancy CIN treatment was carried out. Glycosaminoglycan biopolymer administered in cervical tissue in an amount of 0.3 ml once, by gradually chipping the entire area of the total volume of the internal os of the drug from 1 to 2 ml. As criterion for the effectiveness of the correction of cervical activity index is proposed to use of neuraminidase in the cervical mucus. Results. Concentrations of all studied biologically active components cervical mucus in patients with CIN after correction method biorevitalisation significantly exceeded the comparable figures recorded in the initial state. carrying out correction of the cervix in women with CIN step pregravid period accompanied by increased content of all carbohydrate components cervical mucus on average 40-45% and reliably maintained for 14 months. Conclusion. Method biorevitalisation cervical hyaluronic acid is effective for correction at step CIN pregravid preparation, contributes to the normalization of structural and functional properties of the cervix.


The geographical statements of Mubarakshah Ghuri (Ta'rikh, pp. 4–6) are taken from Alberuni, precisely from his book al-Qānūn al-Mas'ūdi (cf. the MS. of the Library of Veliettin-Efendi, in the Bayazid Mosque, Constantinople, No. 2277, fol. 145b–153b). The following words and phrases of Mubarakshah are to be read in Alberuni:.


In this paper, we propose an algorithm, which allows for embedded coding in L/sub /spl infin// sense, i.e., progressive near-lossless as well as lossless image compression. The method is based on a lossy plus near-lossless refinement layered compression scheme. As a basis for the lossy layer we use the JPEG2000 standard. We show that this approach allows for a better image quality and compression performance for large tolerance values than algorithms based on predictive coding. The compression performance of the algorithm in the lossless mode is about the same as that of the JPEG2000 standard. Another advantage of this technique is that it allows for all the benefits and functionality of the lossy compression algorithm (JPEG2000) at low bit rates.


An algorithmic approach which is known as Matrix-Geometric method is an efficient and popular in solving various types of stochastic models especially for queueing and water storage models. This paper proposes a modified Matrix-Geometric method for calculating random web page ranks in World Wide Web (WWW) by considering web page ranking system as a stochastic model in random environments. Since the MatrixGeometric approach is very powerful in variety of stochastic models, it may develop new promising directions in Web Page Ranking Systems and related research areas. In order to do so as first step, a web page ranking system is modeled in the frameworks of queueing models. Then an attempt is made to reduce the obstacles occurred in the problems of web page ranking systems. Similarly, in the second step, a Web page ranking system is modeled as a framework of stochastic water storage theory to derive a list of Web page rankings by using Matrix-Geometric method. Some comparison results are presented to confirm the efficiency of the proposed methods. The experimental results shows the proposed approach is promising for establishing a new research area which can improve the current situations and difficulties occurred in search engines and their ranking systems in particular and some problems in WWW as a whole.


With the massive construction of the China high-speed railway, it is of a great significance to propose an automatic approach to inspect the defects of the catenary support devices. Based on the obtained high resolution images, the detection and extraction of the components on the catenary support devices are the vital steps prior to their defect report. Inspired by the existing object detection Faster R-CNN framework, a cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is built to successively detect the various components and the tiny fasteners in the complex catenary support device structures. Meanwhile, some missing states of the fasteners on the cantilever joints are directly reported via our proposed architecture. Experiments on the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway dataset demonstrate a practical performance of the component detection with good adaptation and robustness in complex environments, feasible to accurately inspect the extremely tiny defects on the various catenary components.


According to the related research of the sport commitment and the exercise behavior,the hypothetical theory model of the exercise behavior was established.Psychological scales were used to measure the 582 undergraduates.The Structural Equation Modeling has been used to test the statistics and the influence factors of the college students' exercise behavior.The research finally indicated that the Goodness of Fit is acceptable between the theory model and the observed data.All of exercise internal motivation,exercise effect and exercise conditions had the significant positive influence on sport commitment,however,external motivation had a significant negative influence.Then,sport commitment had positive prediction for exercise behavior.And exercise motivation,exercise effect,exercise condition can also have influence on the exercise behavior via sport commitment.


He has authored or co-authored over one hundred publications, including two recent books Economic Models of Tropical Deforestation and Agricultural Technologies and Tropical Deforestation. Abstract Since its creation in 1991, the Bosawas National Natural Resource Reserve in Nicaragua has housed three armed anti-government movements, each seeking reparations for their roles and/or losses during the civil wars of the 1980s. Conflicts over abundant yet valuable resources are common in forested frontier areas like Bosawas because these regions combine limited government presence and legitimacy with inaccessible terrain and multiple ethnic groups, which result in poorly developed property regimes. As a result, groups in these regions often have to take up arms in order to consolidate control over vital resources for which they compete. The Nicaraguan government's failure to address the grievances of former anti-Sandinista Mestizo insurgents, demobilized government soldiers, and the Miskito Indians led each of these groups to seek access to and control over the region's land, forest, mineral and other resources. Unlike most other resource-based conflicts, the situation in Nicaragua emerged from resource abundance rather than resource scarcity. In some cases, use of the natural resources in contention helped to finance military activities. Conservationists can facilitate a resolution to this and similar situation by supporting national forest policy reform, promoting conservation issues as a basis for cooperation and negotiation, and endorsing efforts to restrict illegal trade in natural resources.


The present invention pertaining the mobile communication field discloses a channel transmit limiting method and the user terminal to ensure the voice quality of the half speed service channel. In thepresent invention, the transmitting of GPRS signaling data of PS domain on the main special control channel is forbidden when the user terminal transmits data through the half speed service channel.The LAPDm biggest frame sends by the network side is only used when the user terminal transmits data through the full speed service channel and the transmitting of the LAPDm frame on the main specialchannel in the special mode is limited.


Modern greenhouse cultivation of crops yield and quality is affected by temperature and humidity is very big, this paper designed a greenhouse intelligent monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer, STC89C52 as control core, using composite was carried out on the temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 real-time monitor and record, use buzzer and LED lights to alert users to temperature and humidity changes and respond in a timely manner.


The rural tourism concept has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. This study identifies the problems and prospects of rural tourism in the state of West Bengal. The primary objectives of this study include an exploration of the development and emergence of rural tourism in the state of West Bengal, analysis of the tourism gap at Bishnupur, examination of the existing as well as future requirement of tourism infrastructure of Bishnupur, and the promotion and marketing of Bishnupur as an important rural tourism destination in Indian Scenario. For the fulfillment of the basic objectives, data for the study were collected through field survey. Information about the profile of tourism industry includes hotels, guest houses, number of rooms, number of persons employed, etc., as well as the profile of the tourists. The collected data has been analyzed using different statistical methods, Wilcoxon Pair Ranked Model used for Gap analysis. This study indicates how to develop and upgrade the rural tourism destinations by proper utilization of tourism infrastructural amenities in the area as well as active participation by public private initiatives and local resource utilization. This study is relevant for balancing the demand and supply of tourism infrastructural requirement indicators, which can offer service excellence. Dillip Kumar Das University of Burdwan, India Nilanjan Ray Royal Thimphu College, Bhutan DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6543-9.ch012


A novel reconstruction method utilizing optical Doppler effect for digital holography was proposed. Some images were obtained by a high speed camera to remove the zeroth-order and conjugate images and recorded object images were reconstructed.


This paper presents data from first measurements of total electron content (TEC) and its gradient during the solar eclipse of March 9, 1997, obtained with the GPS‐radio interferometer at Irkutsk. The interferometer consists of three receivers (one Turbo‐Rogue SNR‐8000, and two Ashtech Z‐12) located at the vertices of a triangle and spaced by about 3–5 km. The measured TEC variations are indicative of profound changes in the ion production process in the ionosphere attendant on the solar eclipse, simultaneously in a large volume of space with a radius of at height 300 km at 300 km altitude. The delay of a minimum value of TEC with respect to the maximum phase of eclipse at 300 km altitude was about 10 min, and the depression depth of TEC growth varies from l÷3×1016m−2. By analyzing the data on TEC gradient variations, one is led to conclude that the depression of TEC growth during the eclipse is essentially independent of the longitude and of the latitude (within the observation ranges 52±6° N and 104±11° E).


Rings with the property in the title are studied under the name of "uni" rings. These are compared with other known classes of rings and since commutative rings and reduced rings trivially have this property, conditions which added to uni rings imply commutativity or reduceness are found. MSC 2010. 13C99, 16D80, 16U80


In numerical simulations of black hole binaries, Pretorius and Khurana [ Classical Quantum Gravity 24 S83 (2007)] have observed critical behavior at the threshold between scattering and immediate merger. The number of orbits scales as n?-?ln?|p-p*| along any one-parameter family of initial data such that the threshold is at p=p*. Hence, they conjecture that in ultrarelativistic collisions almost all the kinetic energy can be converted into gravitational waves if the impact parameter is fine-tuned to the threshold. As a toy model for the binary, they consider the geodesic motion of a test particle in a Kerr black hole spacetime, where the unstable circular geodesics play the role of critical solutions, and calculate the critical exponent ?. Here, we incorporate radiation reaction into this model using the self-force approximation. The critical solution now evolves adiabatically along a sequence of unstable circular geodesic orbits under the effect of the self-force. We confirm that almost all the initial energy and angular momentum are radiated on the critical solution. Our calculation suggests that, even for infinite initial energy, this happens over a finite number of orbits given by n??0.41/?, where ? is the (small) mass ratio. We derive expressions for the time spent on the critical solution, number of orbits and radiated energy as functions of the initial energy and impact parameter


Incremental Conductance (IC) algorithm is considered cheap, and easy to implement for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). However, the IC technique takes time to find the MPP if the voltage is far away from the MPP, and suffers when subjected to rapid change in irradiance. In this paper, IC technique was compared to the modified Incremental Conductance technique (MIC) under the standard test conditions (STC). Then the MIC was compared to a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) MPPT technique in order to evaluate the best and the accurate controller for the MPPT. Results suggest that using FLC and MIC could improve the MPPT and increase the PV system stability.


Abstract Aim Our primary goal was to evaluate safety of a new emergency medical services (EMS) protocol directing non-transport of low-acuity patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients in Marion County, Indiana, from March 23, 2020 to May 25, 2020 for whom a novel non-transport protocol was used by EMS for patients with low-acuity COVID-19 symptoms. We assessed paramedic compliance with the protocol to determine numbers and types of deviations. We further reviewed a statewide health information exchange database to identify any patients with emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions, or death within 30 days of the EMS non-transport. For ED and hospital visits, we collected ED or admission diagnoses to determine if the etiologies were COVID-related. Results Between March 24, 2020 and May 25, 2020, 222 patients were documented as "Treated, Released (per protocol)." The protocol was correctly applied 144 times (64.8%). The other 78 times, although the EMS clinicians documented use of the protocol, it was not actually used (e.g., another protocol such as "no medical emergency" was used). Of the 144 patients for whom the protocol was used, in 55 cases (38.2%), the clinicians documented patient factors that should have contraindicated use of the protocol (e.g., chest pain, past medical history of asthma). The protocol was applied 5 times (3.5%) in pediatric patients. Two patients were admitted to the hospital within 72 hours of incorrect application of the protocol; both were for COVID-related complaints. Two patients were admitted to the hospital within 72 hours of correct protocol use; one was for a COVID-related complaint. Conclusion In this case series, paramedics demonstrated large deviations from the novel non-transport protocol. Several patients were admitted to the hospital within 72 hours of non-transport both when the protocol was used correctly, and when it was used incorrectly.


This paper seeks to analyze the medieval Portuguese monastic medicine in the Middle Ages before and after the Universty's foundation at 1290 by the king D. Dinis. The sources corpus include beneditine and augustiani rules, liber ordinis or customaries, books catalogue from Santa Cruz of Coimbra and conciliary legislation. There were two basic moments of monastic medicine: the first had occurred in the 6th century with the beneditine rule which had favoured the development of two spaces for the sicks monks and poors care, e. g., infirmary and hospital. The second moment, in the 13th century focused the institucional medical scholasticism and at the same time the Church conciliar legislation attempts to forbide for the monks the practica medica.


According to the plate theory and on the basis of the analysis on the rellation of the geological structure between the Taiwan block and Changjiang River-Nanhuanghai Sea(the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,the same bellow),the earthquakes on the Taiwan and Chang-Nan earthquake belt from 1970 to 2005 were strdied statistically by the extreme value theory.The recurrence period T(M),recurrence probability(P)and probability threshold value(Po).The fairly good correlations of the moderate-strong earthquakes in these two area were found by the contrast analysis to T(M).The considerable effects were obtained with the above mentioned reseach results for the risk,time and strength of ML≥5.0 earthquake on the Chang-Nan seismic belt.


Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine purple and yellow nutsedge response to selective placement of a 5-cm layer of pyrithiobac sodium-treated soil above, below, or above and below nutsedge tubers. Pyrithiobac sodium at 36 or 72 g ae ha−1 applied postemergence as foliar, soil, or foliar and soil treatments also was evaluated. Pyrithiobac sodium applied above, below, or above and below nutsedge tubers reduced yellow and purple nutsedge shoot number, shoot regrowth, and root-tuber dry weight at least 90%. Foliar-only treatment of pyrithiobac sodium was less effective at reducing emerged purple and yellow nutsedge numbers than application to soil only or to foliage and soil. Best reduction in yellow and purple nutsedge growth with pyrithiobac sodium was obtained with soil-incorporated treatments.


Critics have long held that Miguel de Unamuno's San Manuel Bueno, martir concerns a village priest, Manuel Bueno, who suppresses his private doubts in order to preserve the happiness and simple faith of his parishioners. Notwithstanding critical tradition, a close look at the novella reveals that Manuel belongs to the secret dream world of its first-person narrator, Angela Carballino. This paper peers into the hidden world of a protagonist who becomes a mother through her dreams.


Amplitudes and phases of the annual and semiannual components in the geomagnetic disturbance field and its constituents are derived at each local hour of the day for Alibag and Hermanus. The annual variations at Alibag and Hermanus are nearly in phase. The variations at the same station for intervals 12 hr apart are nearly in phase opposition. It is shown that the local time variation in the annual component is predominantly due to the modulation in the asymmetric part (SD) and that in semiannual component is due primarily to the symmetric part (DR) of the disturbance field. The semiannual modulation of symmetric and asymmetric parts of the disturbance field are in phase opposition during morning hours and in phase in the evening hours leading to a marked forenoon/evening asymmetry in its amplitude. The results obtained here explain the local time variation in annual and semiannual mod. ulations of horizontal intensity derived from observations on all days earlier by BHARGAVA (1972b, c).


Initiating Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by Karen A. Stadd MSN, University of Maryland, 1996 BSN, York College, 1992 Project Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University May 2018 Abstract Kangaroo care (KC) is a cost-efficient method to increase infant–parent bonding and neonatal health outcomes worldwide. Despite evidence supporting KC in critically ill infants, nursing perceptions regarding patient safety and interrupted work flow continued to impede practice in the local high-tech neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Their current policy failed to address the 2-person transfer method recommended for safe practice. In addition, both staff and parents lacked training and education regarding the benefits and feasibility of KC. This doctoral project aimed to decrease practice barriers and promote earlier and more frequent KC by developing and integrating an evidencebased clinical pathway within a multifaceted champion-based simulated educational training program for NICU staff and parents. Published outcomes and generated organizational data for program synthesis connected the gap in practice. Kolcaba's comfort theory served as the guiding framework to ensure a partnership in care. This quasi-experimental quantitative study used the generalized liner model for data analysis. Study findings indicated that KC occurred 2.4 more times after the intervention compared to before (p = 0.001). Descriptive data revealed that KC episodes for intubated patients nearly doubled after implementation (11.1% from 6.2%). Post-survey scores for nursing knowledge and comfort level also improved after the intervention. Although earlier KC practice was non-conclusive (p = 0.082), future trials should control groups for day of life since admission. Disseminating the KC pathway can have a positive social change on family-centered care by increasing NICU nurses' knowledge, comfort, and adoption of this evidence-based practice as an expected routine standard of care.Kangaroo care (KC) is a cost-efficient method to increase infant–parent bonding and neonatal health outcomes worldwide. Despite evidence supporting KC in critically ill infants, nursing perceptions regarding patient safety and interrupted work flow continued to impede practice in the local high-tech neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Their current policy failed to address the 2-person transfer method recommended for safe practice. In addition, both staff and parents lacked training and education regarding the benefits and feasibility of KC. This doctoral project aimed to decrease practice barriers and promote earlier and more frequent KC by developing and integrating an evidencebased clinical pathway within a multifaceted champion-based simulated educational training program for NICU staff and parents. Published outcomes and generated organizational data for program synthesis connected the gap in practice. Kolcaba's comfort theory served as the guiding framework to ensure a partnership in care. This quasi-experimental quantitative study used the generalized liner model for data analysis. Study findings indicated that KC occurred 2.4 more times after the intervention compared to before (p = 0.001). Descriptive data revealed that KC episodes for intubated patients nearly doubled after implementation (11.1% from 6.2%). Post-survey scores for nursing knowledge and comfort level also improved after the intervention. Although earlier KC practice was non-conclusive (p = 0.082), future trials should control groups for day of life since admission. Disseminating the KC pathway can have a positive social change on family-centered care by increasing NICU nurses' knowledge, comfort, and adoption of this evidence-based practice as an expected routine standard of care. Initiating Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by Karen A. Stadd MSN, University of Maryland, 1996 BSN, York College, 1992 Project Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University May 2018 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my faculty and clinical mentor for their guidance during this journey. Their wisdom and inspiration provided me with the motivation to persevere. Most importantly, my family and friends deserve recognition and appreciation for supporting me throughout this endeavor. My kids have been extremely patient and understanding when precious time was lost. We have all learned the importance of quality time over quantity of time. However, balancing work, school, and family life have been extremely challenging and overwhelming for everyone involved in this process. Ultimately, achieving this dream would have been impossible without my husband's love, understanding, support, patience, assistance, and advice. I am lucky and proud to say that he has been my rock since the beginning of time, during this program, and for whatever the future brings.


This report is part of the System-wide Effects of the Fund (SWEF) research initiative which aims to assess the effects of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (GF) and the activities it supports on reproductive health and family planning programs in Ethiopia and Malawi. The main research objectives are to consider the effects of GF activities on the policy process human resources the public/private mix and pharmaceutical and commodity procurement and management with relation to reproductive health and family planning services. Findings are that reproductive health players have not participated extensively in GF planning processes and GF activities are not integrated with reproductive health family planning or other preventive care services. Health workers have increased responsibilities with GF activities and work in resource-constrained environments. In Ethiopia health workers are shifting out of the public sector in search of better working conditions at non-governmental organizations (NGOs) bilateral aid agencies and international organizations and in Malawi there is evidence of resource shifts away from community health programs like reproductive health and family planning in favor of activities related to the three focal diseases of AIDS tuberculosis and malaria. While both public and private facilities offer reproductive services they are available in almost all public health facilities but in fewer private facilities. The number of private NGOs has grown while the involvement of the private nonprofit sector remains limited. Systems for commodity procurement and disbursement have improved in Ethiopia while fewer improvements to the system have occurred in Malawi as GF activities have been implemented. In order to bolster reproductive health and family planning services in future GF activities reproductive health advocates and providers should make a case for integrating services for these focal diseases with reproductive health and family planning and become more involved in the planning process for GF activities. (authors)


At present, the security of computer systems has increased along with the evolution and advancement of technology, being the protection of data and information a very relevant factor for the development of a company. If we mention security, the idea is to have our information protected and without any type of cybercrime, however, the analyzes and evaluations of previous IP Spoofing attacks force companies or educational centers to implement defense and detection mechanisms, with the purpose to mitigate these attacks. The National University of Chimborazo being an educational entity, has a large number of users connected to the data network, generating a high demand for concurrency, therefore, security is the most important regardless of the day or time, the department Information Technology (IT) aims to provide optimal security for a better service, this allows mitigating IP Spoofing attacks to an NTP server by implementing the hybrid detection and defense mechanism.

Therefore, the present investigation aimed to analyze the hybrid detection and defense mechanism against IP Spoofing attacks towards an NTP server in the institutional data network of the National University of Chimborazo (UNACH).
Measurements of the IP Spoofing attacks, the response time of the NTP server and the vulnerability level of the server were made during two weeks in the Unach IT department to verify the security improvement on the mentioned server obtaining a security level of 80% applying the mechanisms (anti-spoofing filter, Iptables firewall).


Objective: To analyze the treatment and follow-up analysis of patients with tuberculosis reported by non-institutional network of Yanqing County,Beijing,in order to provide the basis for further tuberculosis control efforts.Methods: Data from non-TB management network report systems were analysed with a retrospective descriptive study of Yanqing County from 2006 to 2010.Results: The rate of patients reported by non-institutional network to receive treatment was 90.18% and the rate of tracking in place was 67.35%.106(23.56%) were diagnosed as non-tuberculosis.Patients were diagnosed as Phlegm smear-positive,re-Phlegm Phlegm smear positive and smear-negative patients accounted for the total 56.67%,1.78% and 18.00% respectively.Conclusions: Non-TB control agencies are important for treatment of tuberculosis and the discovery of the TB patients.


As global warming worsens, it is important for people to make collective efforts to preserve the natural environment. Using natural materials can reflect the interaction between time and nature and the mutual reliance between human beings and the Earth to experience changes in nature. Creations are made with the materials closest to people. Humans are part of nature, but they are also the cause of its damage. Environmental protection is a global movement; the Earth provides us with the sunlight, air, and water essential to all life. We rely on nature as generation after generation, people live and die; everything in nature is the same. Through their senses of touch, sight, and smell, people feel the changes in nature and the movement of time and the seasons, as well as their interaction with nature. These works showcase nature's growth and decay of time, highlighting the inter-reliance between mankind and nature. Winter fades and spring arrives, representing the Earth's revival as everything warms and grows in the new sunlight. Indoors or out, the artworks explore the withering and rebirth in nature, displaying the endless cycle of life on Earth.


: The purpose of the present study was to formulate solid dispersion incorporated fast dissolving tablet of Resperidone to improve the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate and to facilitate faster onset of action. Solid dispersion of Resperidone was prepared with various super disintegrants in different drug:carrier ratio using solvent dispersion technique. The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablet of Lamotrigine. Direct compression method was used to formulate orally disintegrating tablet of Resperidone by employing solid dispersion, magnesium stearate (lubricant), Talc (glidant). These prepared formulations were then evaluated. In vitro Dissolution tests were performed using USP apparatus II and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. All formulations showed compliance with pharmacopeia standards. The effect of super disintegrant concentration and direct compression method on drug release profile was studied. Release profile of F3 were found to be satisfactory comparing to other formulations. F3 Formulation as processed excipient was found to be the best super disintegrants for the preparation of Resperidone fast dissolving tablets formulations. Due to it has exhibited faster disintegration time and best dissolution profile when compared to other formulations.


Low-level radioactive waste treatment equipment is gradually coming of age. This new generation of treatment equipment is becoming more and more sophisticated through the use of programmable controllers and computers. This paper focuses on how Duke Power company is attempting to integrate the various radwaste treatment equipment and systems at Oconee nuclear station into processing systems that will enable the operators to process radioactive waste efficiently and economically. Both long-range plans and current activities are discussed. The system that envisioned is a fully integrated, semiautomated radioactive waste processing system. The goal is no longer an unreasonable one, even in the utility industry. Personal computers, programmable controllers, and software packages make the integration of radwaste treatment equipment into processing systems a reasonable and achievable goal.


During 2016 and 2017 seasons, five martials namely ABA, Chitosan, Salicylic acid, Mannitol and Selenium each at 100 ppm were tested for their beneficial effects on counteracting the inferior effects of salinity on fruiting of Ewaise mango trees grown under soil and irrigation water salinity (salinity of soil and irrigation water were 4.69 dsm and 3.13 dsm ppm, respectively). The selected trees received three sprays at growth start, just after fruit setting and one month later. Subjecting the trees to the five materials namely ABA, Chitosan, Salicylic acid, Mannitol and Selenium each at 100 ppm was accompanied with enhancing all growth aspects, tree nutritional status, yield and quality parameters relative to the trees grown under salinity stress alone. The best materials, in ascending order, responsible for reducing the adverse effect of salinity were ABA, Mannitol, Salicylic acid, Selenium and Chitosan. For alleviating the unsuitable effects of salinity on fruiting of Ewaise Mango trees grown under soil stress, it is recommended to spray chitosan or selenium each at 100 ppm three times at growth start, just after fruit setting and one month later.


By using Griffing design Ⅱ the combining ability between the three tropical and subtropical maize populations Tuxpeno,Suwan,ETO and the four China major temperate inbred lines Mo17,Zi 330,Dan 340,Ye 478 were studied.The results showed that the variance of the number of leaves per plant and the grain length between different groups was insignificant.The variance of GCA of 13 traits such as ear length,ear diameter,ear rows,row grains,100-kernel weight,plant height and ear height was larger than the variance of SCA.The variance of SCA of yield of single plant and ASI was larger than the variance of GCA.The comprehensive performance of GCA of most yield traits of the three tropical and subtropical maize populations was the best with the Suwan,the next in order was ETO.But the GCA of plant traits of ETO and the SCA of most traits of ETO×temperate inbred lines were all very outstanding.


case there were found the staphylococcus pyogenes albus and the micrococcus tetragenus. This patient infected the third, fifth, and sixth cases, and as there was no direct contact, the infection must have been carried in the air. These women all infected their infants secondarily with aphthous stomatitis. The buccal secretion showed, along with leptothrix and streptococci, the staphylococcus pyogenes albus. A mouse inoculated therewith died in two days, and in its organs the staphylococcus was found. In the fourth case, a phthisical i.-para, the author regarded the mastitis


Germinated brown rice (GBR) has been recognized as a functional food for its numerous health benefits. Various physical properties of brown rice (BR), white rice (WR) (6% polishing), wet GBR (32% moisture content, w.b) and dried GBR (10% moisture content, w.b) of two local varieties viz. Swarna and Lalat were determined and compared. Physical dimensions, sphericity, true and bulk density, porosity, thousand grain weight, etc. were determined by standard methods. Axial dimensions of the grains, grain volume, grain surface area, thousand grain weight, and true density of both varieties increased after germination of BR. Grain length, width and thickness did not show significant differences between Swarna and Lalat cultivars. Bulk density of wet GBR and dried GBR for both varieties was less than that of BR and WR.


Inventories based on analysis of Barn Owl (Tyto alba, Tytonidae, Strigiformes) pellets contents may show significant differences in relation to those based on other sampling methods (Yom-Tov and Wool, 1997). The purpose here was to provide a complementary inventory of bats found in Barn Owl pellets from the largest private reserve in Brazil (Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural - RPPN), and to elaborate a description to each species on the basis of structures best preserved in pel


Spectacular erosion of volcanic ash in the vicinity of the Volcano and its damaging effects downstream in the Los Reyes Valley were reported by William F. Foshag, Kenneth Segerstrom, and others, which led to recommendation for a study under the auspices of the National Research Council of the United States and the Comision Impulsora y Coordinadora de la Investigacion Cientifica of Mexico. Upon approval of the project, plans were perfected for a preliminary field study on and about the Volcano during the month of August 1945.

Jose Navarro y Samano and Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, with a car, were assigned by Lorenzo R. Patino, Jefc del Departamento de Conservacion de Suelos of Mexico, for collaboration in the study with W. C. Lowdermilk of the Soil Conservation Service and Reed W. Bailey of the Forest Service of the United States.


We report strong OLS and instrumental variable evidence that an overall corporate governance index is an important and likely causal factor in explaining the market value of Korean public companies. We construct a corporate governance index (KCGI, 0~100) for 515 Korean companies based on a 2001 Korea Stock Exchange survey. In OLS, a worst-to-best change in KCGI predicts a 0.47 increase in Tobin's q (about a 160% increase in share price). This effect is statistically strong (t = 6.12) and robust to choice of market value variable (Tobin's q, market/book, and market/sales), specification of the governance index, and inclusion of extensive control variables. We rely on unique features of Korean legal rules to construct an instrument for KCGI. Good instruments are not available in other comparable studies. Two-stage and three-stage least squares coefficients are larger than OLS coefficients and are highly significant. Thus, this paper offers evidence consistent with a causal relationship between an overall governance index and higher share prices in emerging markets. We also find that Korean firms with 50% outside directors have 0.13 higher Tobin's q (roughly 40% higher share price), after controlling for the rest of KCGI. This effect, too, is likely causal. Thus, we report the first evidence consistent with greater board independence causally predicting higher share prices in emerging markets. † Earlier versions of this paper were presented at American Law and Economics Association, (Second) Asian Conference on Corporate Governance, European Financial Management Association, Haas School of Business at University of California, Berkeley, Harvard Law School, International Monetary Fund, Korea America Economic Association annual meeting, Korea Association of Industrial Organization, KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Korea Fair Trade Commission, Korean Financial Association, (8th) Mitsui Life Symposium on Global Financial Markets, National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Corporate Governance, Seoul National University College of Business Administration, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford Law School, University of Chicago Law School, University of Texas Law School, and World Bank. We thank Wenton Zheng for research assistance and Stephen Bainbridge, Lucian Bebchuk, Harold Demsetz, John Donohue, Jeffrey Gordon, Daniel Hamermesh, Miyajima Hideaki, Ji-Sang Jang, Simon Johnson, Louis Kaplow, E. Han Kim, Kate Litvak, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Inessa Love, Stephen Magee, Jun Qian, Trond Randoy, Mark Roe, Hyun-Han Shin, Jeff Strnad, Michael Weisbach, and Bernard Yeung for comments on earlier drafts. * Updated affiliation: Chabraja Professor at Northwestern University, Law School and Kellogg School of Management. Tel. 312-503-2784, email: firstname.lastname@example.com ** Professor of Finance, Korea University Business School, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, Korea 136-701. Tel: (+82-2) 3290-1929, e-mail: email@example.com *** Updated affiliation: Professor of Finance, Korea University Business School, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, Korea 136-701. Tel: (+82-2) 3290-2816, e-mail: email@example.com


[Purpose]To investigate the clinical significance of the expression level of cytokeratin positive (CK+) cells in tumor tissue and peripheral blood from patients with lung carcinoma. [Methods]The expression rates of CK+ cells in tumor tissue and peripheral blood cells from 43 patients with lung carcinoma were measured and analyzed by flow cytometry. [Results] The expression rates of CK+ cells in tumor tissue and peripheral blood cells from patients with lung carcinoma were higher than those from normal control groups (P0.01 or P0.05). The expression rates of CK+ cells between tumor tissue and peripheral blood cells showed satisfactory positive correlation in patients with lung carcinoma( r=0.325,P0.05).The statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between the expression rates of CK+ cells and sex, age (P0.05), but closely correlation existed between the expression rates of CK+ cells and clinical staging, pathological grade, number of tumors , tumor size, metastasis state as well as the type of ploid, proliferation activity and apoptosis level of tumor cells(P0.05 or P0.01). [Conclusion]The correlation were very intimate between the expression level of CK+ cells and clinical behavior as well as biology characteristic of tumor cells in patients with lung carcinoma. The expression rates of CK+ cells may be regarded as a marker of diagnosis, judgement of malignancy degree, prognosis and micrometastasis in lung carcinoma.


Job insecurity is one of work stressors. Individuals who experienced job insecurity tend to have difficulty in fulfilling their role as a spouse or parent. This study aims to examine the influence of job insecurity toward work-family conflict among pharmaceutical employees. There were 124 employees involved in this study. Data were collected by using work-family conflict scale and job insecurity scale. Data were analyzed by using linear regression and the result of this study showed a positive influence of job insecurity toward work-family conflict among employees. This study proves that job insecurity has positive impact on workfamily conflict. The results of this study are expected to provide an understanding of how job insecurity influence work-family conflict among employees. Keyword: work-family conflict, job insecurity Universitas Sumatera Utara


Current study showed that Dopamine deficiency can cause several diseases and effect the constriction of students. This study was conducted to find out the relation between the academic achievement of undergraduate students for both genders and their dopamine level for two months. Experimental of research approach were involving random selection of 55 students from College of basic Education at University of babylon. The result showed that undergraduate students who were exposed normal level of dopamine, they had considerably a good standing of their academic achievement. These findings indicate that dopamine was effective in improving academic achievement.


How are contracts enforced? Contracting institutions are recognized as a fundamental determinant to economic performance. However, understanding precisely how contracts are enforced remains elusive. Previous literature finds that informal, cultural rules underlie property rights institutions. Other work suggests that when government does not provide formal contract enforcement individuals typically have informal means to enforce agreements. Following this logic, this study asks what is the relationship between culture and contracting? The cross-country empirical analysis suggests that informal cultural values provide a mechanism to support the enforceability of contracts. For example, cultural capital, measures of individualism and lack of uncertainty avoidance are positively and robustly related to better contract enforcement. These results are robust to a variety of model specifications, instrumental variable analysis and a range of control variables.


A utoimmune encephalitis is a debilitating neurological disorder with rapidly progressive encephalopathy caused by brain inflammation. The spectrum of associated autoantibodies has expanded rapidly in recent years, and many new disease subtypes have been defined. The autoantibodies in autoimmune encephalitis are directed against neuronal cellsurface and synaptic antigens. This contrasts with the autoantibodies found in classic paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, which target intracellular antigens. Autoimmune encephalitides generally respond well to immunotherapy. However, treatment must be started promptly to prevent irreversible damage to the brain. The detection of antineuronal autoantibodies is a linchpin of diagnosis. Recombinant cell-based immunofluorescence assays enable sensitive monospecific determination of the most important autoantibodies. Since many of the autoantibodies are rare, multiparametric testing is favoured over single-parameter testing to minimise diagnostic gaps.


In the process of personal income tax collection,the due effect is confined and reduced by income tax law; both the state finance and people's enthusiasm to tax law are affected owing to the fixity of income tax law.This article gives some ideas accordingly,such as enhancing people's participation,holding back settlement violation,and low starting tax.What's more,it is also advisable to set up a nationwide monitoring network,a combination mode of unified and classified tax pattern,and to carry out further taxation reform.