Scholars have generally agreed that the story of New Text Confucianism in late imperial China centers on K'ang Yu-wei and the late nineteenth-century political reforms he took credit for after fleeing China in 1898. In this important new book, Benjamin Elman explores the roots of New Text ideas and shows that Confucians first dissented from the orthodox raison d'etre of the imperial state over three hundred years earlier, during the transition from the late Ming to early Ch'ing dynasties. New Text scholars, although not revolutionary, stood for new forms of belief, and they challenged the authenticity of classical sources upon which much orthodox political discourse had been based. Their notions of historical change proved to be important stepping stones toward an influential New Text vision of social and political transformation that climaxed in the 1898 reform movement. Elman examines the conflicting New Text versus Old Text portraits of Confucius in order to gain a more precise grasp of classical studies in imperial China as the ideological source for the 'constitutionality' of the Confucian imperium. Central to his argument is the discovery that kinship organizations in pre-modern China played an important role in fostering schools of learning such as the Ch'ang-chou New Text school. Accordingly, this study affords us a unique perspective on how gentry sought to impose their agenda on the state in an effort to weather the great changes occurring during the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties.


Abstract Let C(n) (I) denote the Banach space of n-times continuously differentiable functions on I = [0, 1], equipped with the norm ||f||n = max { |f(0)|, |fʹ(0)|, … , |f(n–1)(0)|, ||f(n)||∞} (f ) ∈ C(n) (I)), where ||·||∞ is the supremum norm. We call a map T : C(n) (I) → C(n)(I) a 2-local real-linear isometry if for each pair f, g in C(n)(I), there exists a surjective real-linear isometry Tf,g : C(n)(I) → C(n)(I) such that T(f) = Tf,g(f) and T(g) = Tf,g(g). In this paper we show that every 2-local real-linear isometry of C(n)(I) is a surjective real-linear isometry. Moreover, a complete description of such maps is presented.


Disclosed is a sample orientation positioning and transferring device used for a pneumatic sample feeding machine, comprising a novel elastic orientation positioning device and a sample feeding device; the elastic orientation positioning device comprises a bearing, a fixed sleeve, a spring, a sliding shaft and a guide bushing; the sample feeding device is provided with a positioning hole to replace the two positioning holes in the prior art, so as to enable the position direction of the sample feeding device to be unchanged in each positioning process; the sample orientation positioning and transferring device comprehensively applies the key points and the principle of the mechanical automation to realize the automatic orientation and positioning for the sample transferring, solves the abnormal fluctuation problem of the Cr and Ni analysis values of the stainless steel sample in the spark direct-reading spectrum analysis and adopts a single-side sample; meanwhile, the identification problem of the analytical side in the single-side sample is solved for the full-automatic system; the orientation positioning and transferring device has the advantages of simple structure, low machining and manufacturing cost, improving the accuracy and efficiency of product automatic transferring and positioning greatly, being applicable to the mechanical automation orientation and positioning field and having wide application prospect.


This research is a study in the translation of the English conjunctive relations in Hemingway's short stories into Bahasa Indonesia. This study focuses at 1) the types of the conjunctive relations found in the short stories; 2) the procedures applied by the translator in expressing the conjunctive relations into the target text; and 3) translation shifts of the conjunctive relations occuring in the target text.
This research employed a descriptive qualitative method which is supported by tables to show the frequencies of occurrence. The data of this study constitutes the sentences which contain the conjunctive relation, and the data source are five Ernest Hemingway's short stories: "The Snow of Kilimanjaro", "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place", "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", "The Gambler, The Nun, and The Radio", "Fathers and Sons" and their translation in Bahasa Indonesia by Ursula G. Buditjahja. Those are written and classified in the data sheet with a given code. The codes of the data consist of the code which indicates the type of the conjunctive relation, the translation procedures, and the shift of the conjunctive relation. The key instrument of this study is the researcher herself.
The findings of this study show that there are 272 data which contain the conjunctive relations. All the types of the conjunctive relations are found in Hemingway's short stories. They are additive, adversative, causal, temporal, and the other is continuative. The most frequent ties found in the data are adversative relations. Adversative relation shows a contrast idea of the previous sentences in the stories. In translating the data, the translator adopts eight translation procedures; literal, modulation, equivalence, transposition, inversion, amplification, implicitation, explicitation, and also uses the double procedure which is as the combinations of those eight procedures. Literal procedure is the most frequent procedure applied by the translator in expressing the conjunctive relations into the TT. It is the interlineal translation in which the English conjunctive relations are translated directly into their common meanings in Bahasa Indonesia. The translation shifts of conjunctive relations occurring in the TT are explicitness, implicitness, and shift in meaning change. In shift of explicitness, the English conjunctive relations tend to be explicitated by adding information to reach the naturalness in the TT. In shift of implicitness, the English conjunctive relations are not realized in the target text. Whereas in meaning change shift, the translator do not maintain the actual form of English conjunctive relations into Bahasa Indonesia depending on the context and the meaning of the logical relationship so that the message of the ST is delivered into the TT.


At the time of their discovery, the north-western coast of Venezuela, especially the peninsula of Paraguana (east of the Gulf of Maracaibo), and the islands of Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire, were inhabited by an Arawak-speaking tribe, the Caquetio. They were agriculturists and excellent navigators (HERNANDEZ DE ALBA, 1948). According to HARTOG (1953) at least two preColumbian groups inhabited the Netherlands Antilles: one, which mainly left shell-heaps behind it, and another, later group which lived not only on sea products, but also from agriculture. It is not known whether this means that two separate groups were actually present together, as was the case in the Greater Antilles, where, at the same period, the fish-eating Ciboney (GARCIA VALDES, 1948) were succeeded by Arawak agriculturists. The remains may also indicate the cultural evolution of a cavedwelling population of hunters, fishermen, and fruit and rooteaters into agriculturists, as FEWKES (1914) suggests. Apart from records of rock paintings, the earliest mention of which occurs as far back as 1836 (WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, 1953), the first archaeological investigations were carried out by Father A. J. VAN KOOLWIJK in the second half of the nineteenth century. The specimens he collected are present in the National Ethnological Museum at Leiden; they were studied by LEEMANS (1904) and by DE JOSSELIN DE JONG (1918). The human skeletal remains excavated by VAN KOOLWIJK were described by KOEZE (1914). A new appraisal of the latter material may be found in the paper on 'Indian skeletal discoveries in Curacao and Aruba' by WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK (1959), in which the writer endeavours to give an historical survey of our scanty knowledge of Netherlands Antillean palaeo-anthropology.


The data on some phenotypic features of 40 population groups of Silybum marianum Gaertn, created on the base of seeds with different geographic origin during the field investigations in 1989-2006 in Samara region are given in the article. The problem of possible connection between morphological and quantitative, especially productivity-connected, parameters is discussed.


In mammals, FADS2 catalyzes "front‐end" Δ4‐, Δ6‐, and Δ8‐desaturation of fatty acyl chains, whereas FADS1 has Δ5‐desaturase activity. 18‐ and 20‐carbon precursors of highly unsaturated omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids are common substrates for FADS1 and FADS2.


Exposure to UV light generates a ring-closed isomer of a diarylethene, which undergoes very slow bond breaking and release even after the light is turned off. The rate of release is increased by exposing the isomer to UV and/or visible light.


A clinicopathological study was carried out by immunohistochemically analyzing proliferating activity using a monoclonal PCNA antibody in 56 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Specimens were obtained before treatment, fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Immunostaining was performed by the streptoavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method with monoclonal mouse anti-human PCNA antibody. PCNA positive cell index was calculated as the percentage of PCNA positive cells/1, 000 tumor cells. These indices were compared with clinicopathological features. The following rasults were obtained: 1. The mean •} S.E. of PCNA positive cell index in the 56 cases was 32. 4 •} 9. 8%, 2. PCNA positive cell index was correlated with the macroscopic growth pattern, stage and degree of cellular atypism. 3. PCNA positive cell index was not correlated with the degree of histological differentiation and pattern of invasion.


needs of this situation, new forms of distribution were developed. As long as the economic system and the national income continued to expand, there was plenty of room for two basically different forms of distribution to exist side by side. In 1929, however, the collapse of the economic system marked the turning point between a rapidly expanding economy and a more stable one, and this change of direction intensified the contrast and the struggle between the older and the newer forms of distribution. Purchasing power declined, and the competition was for vol-


The current study aims to identify and discuss the conceptions and models of the health-related Supervised Curricular Internship in Brazil. Guided by the theoretical-methodological referential of the Discursive Practices and Sense Production, the research proceeded with the Analysis of Documents of public domain. The Focused documents were the ones that regulate and guide the internships and the pedagogical purposes. Such search and identification came out with 50 results, and produced tables to organize all the information and a chronological line. We produced dialogical maps and the linguistic repertoire identified. The internship conceptions can be grouped in four sets of senses: Labour, Technicist, Formalist and Formative. Their origins, linked to industry and work conceptions, the technicism, associated with the professional teaching and focused on techniques and procedures, the formalism, which tends to link to the bureaucracy with learning and teaching processes, associate to formative conceptions and rule the Supervised Curricular Internship.


The main goal of this work is to offer an analysis concerning the distribution of Sentential final particles (SFP) in Mandarin Chinese in terms of the Symmetric Syntax formulated by Narita and Fukui (2022). We propose two alternatives of deriving the linear order of SFP that can satisfy the requirement of constructing Feature-Equilibrium (F-Equi), which is argued to play a significant role in narrow syntax computation by Narita and Fukui: (i) to construct {proposition}-equilibrium; (ii) to construct {k, R}-equilibrium.


We introduce a class of stochastic engines in which the regime of units operating synchronously can boost the performance. Our approach encompasses a minimal setup composed of $N$ interacting units placed in contact with two thermal baths and subjected to a constant driving worksource. The interplay between unit synchronization and interaction leads to an efficiency at maximum power between the Carnot, $\eta_{c}$, and the Curzon-Ahlborn bound, $\eta_{CA}$. Moreover, these limits can be respectively saturated maximizing the efficiency, and by simultaneous optimization of power and efficiency. We show that the interplay between Ising-like interactions and a collective ordered regime is crucial to operate as a heat engine. The main system features are investigated by means of a linear analysis near equilibrium, and developing an effective discrete-state model that captures the effects of the synchronous phase. The present framework paves the way for the building of promising nonequilibrium thermal machines based on ordered structures.


This is really going to save you time and your money in something should think about. If you're seeking then search around for online. Without a doubt there are several these available and a lot of them have the freedom. However no doubt you receive what you spend on. An alternate way to get ideas would be to check another formulation simplified finding the sweet spot through design and analysis of experiments with mixtures.


In this work, we present a new technique to measure the longitudinal and transverse polarization fractions of hadronic decays of boosted $W$ bosons. We introduce a new jet substructure observable denoted as $p_\theta$, which is a proxy for the parton level decay polar angle of the $W$ boson in its rest-frame. We show that the distribution of this observable is sensitive to the polarization of $W$ bosons and can therefore be used to reconstruct the $W$ polarization in a model-independent way. As a test case, we study the efficacy of our technique on vector boson scattering processes at the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider and we find that our technique can determine the longitudinal polarization fraction to within $\pm 0.15$. We also show that our technique can be used to identify the parity of beyond Standard Model scalar or pseudo-scalar resonances decaying to $W$ bosons with just 20 events.


The problem of providing public-transportation service to the elderly and handicapped is complex. These complexities include the general lack of transportation expertise in Area Agencies on Aging and other social-service agencies, the absence of accurate data and the political nature of the problem. The author offers an evaluation methodology to obtain as much information as possible for decision-making. Firstly, we put forth a comprehensive list of evaluation indicators, covering the efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction of a fully accessible public transportation system. Secondly, simple analytical techniques are proposed to quantify as many of these evaluation indicators as possible. The methodology is illustrated by an analytical queuing model for measuring satisfaction. Through case studies, these techniques are shown to be viable, particularly in their explicit consideration of the compatibility between transportation and the sociohumanistic activity pattern of the elderly and handicapped.


Current networks are passive,which are difficult to provide new services and to deploy.Network researchers make great efforts to programmable network and present active network architecture.Through active network,the issues associated with the IP network could be solved,such as interoperability and scalibility.This paper first reviews active networks,then analyzes two sorts of active network architecture.Finally,we put forward our own active network architecture and research focus.


Owing to the limited response time of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the motion-blurring effect is a critical problem to overcome for LCD applications. Among the available motion-blurring reduction methods, frame-rate upconversion (FRUC) presents an outstanding performance; however, it also yields a high computational load, which causes a design challenge for a hardware-efficient FRUC engine running advanced specifications. In this paper, a hardware-efficient FRUC algorithm and architecture were proposed, comprising three core techniques: bidirectional 3-D recursive search (BD-3DRS), spatial and temporal motion vector refinement (ST-MVR), and spatial and temporal overlapped-block motion compensation (ST-OBMC). BD-3DRS provides an initial MV with minor computational overhead. Subsequently, ST-MVR refines the initial MV to generate a more accurate final MV. With this final MV, ST-OBMC has finely processed the interpolated block, especially for the textural smoothness across block boundaries. The experiment results indicated that compared with other sophisticated FRUC methods, computation was reduced by 80% with a minor degradation in a peak signal-to-noise ratio of less than 2%. The hardware architecture was realized using the CMOS technology, and the chip size was  $1.20 \times 1.20$  mm2. The working frequency was 270 MHz with a power consumption of 128.08 mW. The maximum throughput was as high as 508 Mpixels/s, which can support a resolution of  $3840 \times 2160$  from 60 to 120 Hz. Compared with other FRUC architectures, this paper has demonstrated superior hardware efficiencies in terms of area usage and energy consumption.


Soda-Lead concentrates smelting process was put forward according to the characteristics of As-Cu-Pb alloy produced by Copper dross smelting with Soda-Lead concentrate in a smelter.The results show that the recovery of Lead,Gold and Silver are 93.36%,91.02% and 69.38% seperately,and the recovery of Copper in matte is more than 98% when the ratio of Lead concentrate to alloy is 230%.


Elaborative grammar is the main content of Xungu,and it is of great significance to correct word explanation.In the study of oracle,more attention is given to the explanation of oracle characters while little is paid to the study of oracle grammar.The writing takes the several grammar issues to show the significant part of oracle grammar study in word interpretation and expect the further mergence of oracle grammar study and word interpretation.


Corrections to the paper by Popa et al. (2014) are provided. Except under (3) below, the corrections are the consequence of replacement of the corrigendum Popa & Balzar (2012) by the second corrigendum, Popa & Balzar (2014). (1) Page 156, left column, line 13 from bottom, replace 'formula (1) from Popa & Balzar (2012)' by 'formula 14.160 from Bunge (1982)'. (2) Divide by ð 1Þ the following items: (a) the right side of equation (8); (b) the right sides of equations in rows 2 and 3 of Table 1; (c) the elements in Table 7. (3) Replace equations (23) and (24) by the following correct equations:


The hidden layer node self-generating and adjusting method combining the improved BP neural network model is used to predict the solid propellant characteristic signal, the simulation result declares this method can overcome the "over-fitting" shortcoming. Introduction The experimental design is an important design method of solid propellant and formula optimization performance, some network experiment based on simulation application of neural computing literature also in the field of related research and achieved certain results, but for the simulation of solid propellant characteristic signal prediction has been seen publicly reported. The reference [1] used BP neural network simulation of combustion performance of composite solid propellant. The reference [2] introduced the neural network model, multi model composite flame combustion model and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. The reference [3] used genetic neural network NEPE high to simulate high pressure solid propellant combustion performance. The reference [4] used different neural network model in the burning temperature and burning rate prediction calculation analysis. The generation process of solid propellant characteristic signal involves multiphase and complex physical and chemical reactions. There are no definite theoretical calculation models for prediction of some characteristic signals, the prediction of solid propellant characteristic signal by using experimental design simply takes a long time and costs a lot. In particular, the error back propagation (BP) algorithm is applied to the prediction of the characteristic signal of solid propellant. The adjustment method and the hidden layer nodes self-generation method combining weights is used to overcome these shortcomings, realize the simulation calculation of solid propellant characteristic signal prediction. Establishment and Verification of Improved BP Neural Network Prediction Model The Kosmogorov theorem shows that for a three layer BP neural network, as long as the structure is reasonable and the weight is appropriate, any continuous function can be approximated with any precision. But when the number of hidden neurons over time, in the process of training network, too many memories of training sample set in detail, the network error is very small, the sample data for the validation set error will be very big, the lack of predictive power, over-fitting. Algorithm Improvement The basic idea of the adjustment method is to adjust the error function by adding the weight value and the mean square item of the threshold value, such as formula (1). = (1 ) e n E E E       (1) In the equation,


This project highlights a river as the most valuable assets in the town center. The design approach is re-opening a Segget River as riverfront to bring back its significant and unique history. The project aimed to enhance the river surrounding through landscape architectural explanation. The designer is proposing solutions by improving water quality, utilizing open spaces and connecting social and cultural richness. The segmentation zoning is able to incorporate tangible and intangible landscape ensuring peoples' excitement and expressions the river of life. This project is able to give a new greening landmark and image of Johor Bahru city.


Mv botanical purfuits having neceffarily of late fufFered a long ftagnation, I have been thereby prevented from endeavouring to fupply a variety of commiflions and queries, relative to that department, transmitted to me from different quarters. I had long fince configned to a memorandum-book the following notice of an interefting fpecimen, but the expectation of coupling it with fomething equally fo has hitherto delayed the communication. Dr Berry's defcription of a tree which flowered in the Nopalry at Madras in 1801 fuggeited to me the indentity of our two trees, and that the differences may have chiefly ariien from the youth of his fpecimen, aided perhaps by a Itrange foil and climate j-circumftances which, even in a ftate of nature, I have frequently found to exert a marked influence in modifying vegetable productions. I need not obferve to you, that the koutam-poulli of the Hortus Malabaricus, or kour-kampoulli of Acofta, of which I am now to treat, has hitherto been defcribcd in a manner too


The publication is devoted to the discovery, historical, cultural and artistic interpretation of unique artifacts of the art of carving on the horn dated by the time of the state of Kangju I in the 1st century BC — 2nd century AD. from South Kazakhstan. For the first time in the archeology of Kazakhstan, in the catacomb burial of the Kylyshzhar burial ground, two median horn overlays were found on the handle of the "M"-shaped reflexive bow with subjects of social and semantic-ritual content, made by highly artistic carving (engraving) on the horn. One of them reflects the hunting scene of a noble Kangju man. It depicts a rider-nomad of oriental appearance in the pose of a low-seated jockey on a horse-mare, who shoots from a bow, hunting argali driven by a long pursuit. The shooter has the regalia of power, is armed with a bow and its auxiliary attributes (reserve bow, solidly lit quiver with a set of combat arrows). Another plot shows a group of argali hunted by a 'bear-lion', a mythical polymorphic creature: the animals tend to elude this 'beast', which grabbed one individual in a throw and is readyto devour it. Both compositions are united by hunting into a single sacred action, in which a person (a horse rider with high authority in the society of nomads with a status close to a deity) and a mythical 'bear-lion' (also a deity) participate — as characters endowed with special social and religious functions — in the hunt for argali, the animals that embody the global deity farn (hvarnah) among the Iranian-speaking peoples of Central Asia and South Kazakhstan. The archaeological finds that accompany the these plates, as well as the chrono-indicators presented by similar historical and cultural content of the plots, the technique of making artifacts from horn, bone, allow us to determine the chronology of products within the 1st century BC — 2nd century AD.


Current high energy particle physics experiments at the LHC use hybrid silicon detectors, in both pixel and strip configurations, for their inner trackers. These detectors have proven to be very reliable and performant. Nevertheless, there is great interest in depleted CMOS silicon detectors, which could achieve a similar performance at lower cost of production. We present recent developments of this technology in the framework of the ATLAS CMOS demonstrator project. In particular, studies of two active sensors from LFoundry, CCPD_LF and LFCPIX, are shown.


With the development of VLSI chips and application of boundary-scan testing, large changes occurred in the auto testing systems, and boundary-scan testing which offers the capability to efficiently test components on PCBs with tight lead spacing become the central test ways gradually in stead of the traditional test methods. The boundary-scan testing is well-known and researched widely because of its special test technology. This paper first introduced some basics about boundary-scan testing in a nutshell, and how to institute the testing platform with Labwindows/cvi, included hardware framework and software realization. In the software side, it described the integrality test, interconnect test and memory's access of the Jtag scan chain, hereinto, the interface functions using in the testing platform and their uses were present. Finally give the application and its results to validate the functions of the boundary-scan testing platform.


The short-range hydrothermal power scheduling problem is set as a problem in optimal control theory. New methods of modeling the upper- and lower-bound con straints on the reservoir capacity are proposed. The general equations that the optimal control satisfies are derived in the form of a constrained 2-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP). Properties of the optimal water usage policy are derived analytically and verified by simulation using the System 360 Continuous Systems Modeling Program.


Abstract. Rapid electronic mastitis test (REM test), which is suitable for quick mastitis monitoring of the herd of dairy cows, has been developed in our Institute. It consists of five measurement chambers, where four of them are for milk electrical conductivity measurement and the fifth, the common, is for temperature measurement. The third generation of REM test was designed and constructed in this year. It was found out in our previous experiments, that the accuracy of milk electrical conductivity measurement is crucial for mastitis indication. From this reason the measurement of accuracy and reliability has to be done. The accuracy of measurement was measured at first in laboratory conditions, and then the accuracy and reliability were evaluated in practical conditions. The results have shown the accuracy was excellent (1 % from measurement range) and the reliability was suitable for practical use. The statistical value of electrical conductivity of healthy cows was 4.8 mS/cm (sd 0.4 mS/cm) and cows with mastitis was 6.4 mS/cm (sd 0.9 mS/cm). The difference between them was significant (p 500 000. On the basis of our findings and our previous experiments we can say the using of REM test in mastitis monitoring is suitable for daily monitoring of dairy cows especially for cows on their first lactation. This research has been done with financial support "MLIEKO No. 26220220098" supported by the Operational Program Research and Development funded from the European Regional Development Fund and project APVV-0632-10 of the Slovak Research and Development Agency, Bratislava.


The viscosities, η, of the rare gases and SF6 are determined in a physical chemistry laboratory experiment using the evacuation method, which is based on Poiseuille's equation. Students become aware that η does not vary monotonically with row number (or atomic mass) and confirm this behavior on the basis of the kinetic theory expression for η. They find that the collision diameters of the gases, σ, which are obtained from η values, increase monotonically with molar mass, as expected. Students can show that values of σ obtained from gas viscosities agree reasonably well with ab initio calculations of atomic (molecular) diameters using Gaussian 98W.


Mosaic means collection of smaller images in various colors. Mosaic, is an image that has been divided into equal sized rectangular images, called as tiles of images each tiles of one image is replace with tiles of target image. Mosaic must be made up of hundreds and thousands of smaller images of the various color. There are two type of mosaic, which depends on how the matching is done. In the simpler type, each part of the target image is change into a particular color. Also each part of the other images is also reduced to a particular color. That part of the target image is then replaced with part of the other image where these colors are matches. In result, the target image is reduced, and then each of the resulting pixels is replaced with an image whose average color matches that pixel. In another type matching is done by comparing each pixel in the rectangle to the corresponding pixel from each other image. The rectangle in the target is then replaced with the other images.


The photo- and electro-production cross-sections of charmonium-nucleon bound states on protons are calculated in the framework of the topological soliton model. The size of these cross-sections is predicted too small to be detected using present experimental facilities.


Constant level fill spout comprises a spout body (1) comprising: - an annular connection (4) configured to perform a sealing abutment with a neck (5) of the container and defining a dispensing area 6) - a dispensing conduit (7) connected to a liquid supply source (16) via a distribution valve (11) and opening u center of the dispensing area, and - an exhaust vent ( 18, 19) connected to an exhaust port (20) via an outlet valve (21) and opening at the periphery of the distribution area.


Twisk JW. 301 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2003. ISBN 0521525802. $40.00. Order phone 845-353-7500. Field of medicine: Epidemiology and biostatistics. Format: Softcover book. Audience: Physician researchers, epidemiologists, and analysts of biomedical data. Purpose: To provide a cogent nontechnical introduction to the analysis of clinical and epidemiologic longitudinal studies. Content: In longitudinal studies, the outcome variable is measured in the same individual on several different occasions so that the development of a certain outcome can be studied over time and be related to development of other variables. The book's chapters on continuous, binary, and categorical and count outcomes begin by reviewing traditional approaches to longitudinal (panel) data. Those approaches include comparing changes and repeated-measures analysis of variance. The book focuses on generalized estimating equations models, random coefficient models, and other extensions of ordinary regression to repeated-measures data. Those sophisticated methods have greater statistical power, interpretability, and ability to handle missing data than do traditional approaches. The book also includes chapters on missing data, tracking, sample size, and other aspects of study design. Highlights: Twisk uses autoregressive (Markov) models and models of changes to isolate longitudinal (within-subject) effects and carefully explains modeling strategies. By repeatedly analyzing the same data set, he compares the computer output from different model types to illustrate their similarities and differences. I used the book as the text in an ongoing longitudinal data study group, and the group found it understandable, stimulating, and practical. The chapter on software contains the statistical code (in SAS software [SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina], Stata software [Stata Corp., College Station, Texas], and S-Plus software [MathSoft, Inc., Seattle, Washington]) and corresponding computer output from those statistical programs. We used data sets obtained from the author and replicated many analyses by comparing the generated code with the book's presented computer output. Limitations: There were discrepancies between some of the computer output and the statistical code used to generate it. Including the data sets in the book or making them available on a Web site would have been helpful. Ambiguities, such as those in Figures 5.3 and 5.5, could be eliminated by more detailed legends. Related reading: Kleinbaum and Klein's Logistic Regression: A Self Learning Text, 2nd edition (Springer, 2002), includes clear introductions to logistic regression and longitudinal data analysis but is restricted to binary outcomes. Brown and Prescott's Applied Mixed Models in Medicine (Wiley, 1999) is a well-written, intermediate text. It presents random coefficient models with examples analyzed in SAS software. Diggle and colleagues' Analysis of Longitudinal Data, 2nd edition (Oxford, 2002), the standard advanced comprehensive reference work, includes excellent figures and detailed examples in a development that emphasizes statistical theory. Reviewer: Leonard E. Braitman, PhD, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the Longitudinal Data Study Group; e-mail, email@example.com.


The non-invasive subject-component concentration measuring apparatus and a measurement method using photoacoustic spectroscopy are provided. The disclosed bio-component concentration measurement apparatus of the light source, the optical signal is a specific wavelength absorbed by a specific component generating a photoacoustic signal (PA) of irradiating an optical signal of a wavelength band absorbed by a particular component of a living body to a living body measurement target site of and a sound signal (A1) having a frequency band similar to the frequency sound signal generator for generating close to the same region of the body, the photoacoustic signal (PA) and the acoustic signal (A1) is a specific wavelength absorbed by a specific component modulation signal detector, and a light detector for detecting an intensity (E) of the optical signal, and controls the sound signal generator for generating a sound signal (A1) of a particular frequency band controller, and an optical signal for detecting a sound signal (A2) is calculating the intensity (E), and a photoacoustic signal (PA2) and a sound signal (A2) signal compensation value (N) receives from the signal detector, and having an arithmetic unit for calculating a concentration (C) of the specific component. By correcting the photoacoustic signal in accordance with the biological condition can be accurately measuring the concentration of a biological component.


: "Tiryaq Arba" is a polyherbal Unani formulation in a majoon dosage form that contains four herbal ingredients, namely habbul ghar (Laurus nobilis), juntiyana romi (Gentiana lutea), murr maki (Commiphora myrrha), and zarawand taweel (Aristolochia longa). The medicine has been used as an antidote against different poisons and as a prophylactic medicine before and/or during epidemics. The constituents have been proposed to act as anti-infective, anti-microbial, and antidote against various infectious agents during epidemics (waba). Scientific experimentation of the above-mentioned constituents has also reinforced their beneficial antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties against epidemics of acute respiratory viral infections such as; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), adenovirus, influenza and influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus infections, parainfluenza virus, human rhinovirus B, coxsackievirus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Newcastle disease virus, and influenza A virus, which are a greater cause for morbidity and mortality faced by the world, earlier and at present.


THERE are many causes of breathlessness in early life. In considering the mechanical causes which may be met with it is useful to have some stuch scheme as is here shown for purposes of classification. To ensure comfortable breathing there must be a constant air flow and a constant blood flow through the lungs, and air and blood must meet in the alveoli. Failure to accomplish this is the most common cause of breathlessness, and the failure usually depends on some disease of the lungs or of the heart. We shall consider some of


The Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada has started this year a series of activities that have as an objective to build a scientific infrastructure for the rational development of mariculture in Baja California. An important part of this objective is to develop methodologies to estimate the available food for species under cultivation in coastal lagoons. This implies the knowledge of physical, chemical, and biological aspects of these ecosystems. In this paper we report some preliminary results of the phytoplankton biomass changes, represented by the chlorophyll "a" concentration variation, at the mouths of two antiestuarine systems, San Quintin Bay and Estero de Punta Banda; and we discuss some of the problems to be solved in order to use the chlorophyll-light method to estimate the organic primary productivity in coastal lagoons.


Surface morphology of the ceramic coatings can be modulated by gas evolution on anodes during micro arc oxidation(MAO) processes.A novel technique to enhance gas evolution using Na2CO3-containing solution was proposed.MAO ceramic coatings were fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy using Na2CO3 as a special additive in Na3PO4+KOH +NaF base electrolyte.The effects of Na2CO3 addition on the reaction of gas evolution near the an-ode,morphology modulation and chemical composition were investigated by using GC-MS,SEM,XRD and FTIR,respectively.The results show that both O2 and CO2 are evolved from the anode with Na2CO3 addition during MAO process.MgCO3 is found in the coating during the anodic oxidation before MAO,while only MgO is detected in the coating after MAO process.It is attributed to the decomposition of MgCO3 to MgO and CO2 due to local high tem-perature.Na2CO3 addition has slight effect on the microstructure of the coating and MgO is the main phase no mat-ter whether Na2CO3 is utilized.With the addition of Na2CO3 the number of larger-size pores decreases and porosity in the coatings increases.


The granite gneiss of the Late Proterozoic Jinning stage is the main exposed rock in Haiyangsuo area, eastern Shandong Province, China. There are some lenses and structural blocks of ultramafic rocks (serpentinite), metamorphic gabbro, plagioclase amphibolite and metamorphic silicalite with varying dimensions and proportions in the granite gneiss. The strong deformation and metamorphism took place in these structural blocks, but the Yaodao accumulative gabbros, that formed through the mineral accumulation under the low pressure and isobaric cooling condition, have the distinct gabbro texture and rhythmic structure, and consist of troctolite, olivine gabbro and amphibole gabbro. Multistage metamorphic reaction textures were preserved in the troctolite and olivine gabbro. There are two different mineral assemblages for the corona texture in the accumulative gabbros. The one is between plagioclase and olivine. It contains the mineral assemblage of orthopyroxene, spinel, amphibole and garnet; The another is between plagioclase and ilmenite. It is only in the olivine gabbro. The mineral asemblage is more simple and contains garnet, amphibole and rutile or garnet and rutile. The former may be divided into three generations on the basis of petrographic evidence. The early mineral assemblage is characterized by orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel that formed through a reaction between olivine and plagioclase at temperature of about 760℃-876℃ and pressure of 0.44-0.60GPa; the intermediate mineral assemblage is marked by appearance of tschermakite and disappearance of clinopyroxene via the reaction between plagioclase and clinopyroxene subsequently at temperature of about 660℃-700℃ and pressure of 0.40- 0.50 GPa; the late mineral assemblage is characterized by formation of garnet and pargasite or pargasitic hornblende resulted from the reaction between tschermakite and plagioclase at temperature of 650℃-660℃ and pressure of 0.83-0.92 GPa. The latter is only one generation and marked by the formation of garnet by the reaction between ilmenite and plagioclase at temperature of about 620℃-630℃and pressure of 0.71-0.86GPa. The temperature and pressure of metamorphism process indicate that the early metamorphism is isobaric cooling and the late metamorphism is isothermal boosting for gabbroic cumulates after magmatism of isobaric cooling. This special P T evolution may reflect the characteristics of cool emplacement and deep subduction of accumulative gabbros.


Bheramara Upazila of Kushtia District, located in the southwestern part of Bangladesh is one of the most affected areas due to severe water flow reduction in the lower part of the Ganges (the Padma) which is seriously hampering agricultural production. The local people/farmers are tremendously suffering due to water related problems for their domestic as well as agricultural activities. The present study based on the primary field investigation (including open ended questionnaire interview with a total of 100 farmers), key informant interviews and direct field observation attempts to identify farmers' perception on water related issues and to understand the process, of how these problems are mitigated both in domestic and agricultural sectors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15319 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 41-52, June 2012


This paper presents a study on the mechanical and thermal properties of an epoxy foam. It is synthesized from a commercial epoxy resin with the addition of a Chemical Foaming Agent. Epoxy foams are of interest in structural applications in junction with more popular Polymer Matrix Composites. The foam can add buoyancy and thermal insulation to composite structures, thanks to its reduced density. The material showed a range of properties that have the potential to be tailored in function of the end application.


This paper examines the oil and gas industry of Sakhalin Oblast and its offshore areas, as well as the status of major investment projects. Sakhalin is the site of two of Russia's largest oil development projects with Western companies, both envisaged as major multibillion-dollar ventures. Both projects are described in detail, and remain contingent upon enactment in Russia's parliament of key pieces of oil legislation, most importantly a law on production sharing. The paper argues that even if such changes in Russia's legal and fiscal environment are forthcoming, the profitability of these projects remains uncertain, with actual development far from assured. 1 map, 2 tables, 11 references.


This article tries to analyse the disadvantages of the model of charging and paying on hand and studies transformation of this model so as to gradually improve system of pension insurance in ethnic areas. The author puts forward to relevant countermeasures on system of pension insurance in ethnic areas.


Post-mortem debugging is often the last bastion of debugging solutions. It involves analyzing a raw memory dump of either a portion of memory or the whole memory of the system at an instance of time, much like a photograph. In order to able to read such a memory dump, you have to have knowledge about how the system was built and implemented. Some systems, especially embedded ones, are the ones that can benefit the most from it, due to other solutions being impractical or simply unavailable. The process of post-mortem debugging is cumbersome, as it requires a lot of file operations in order to be executed. The automation of post-mortem debugging can potentially increase its effectiveness greatly. This research was conducted at a large-scale Finnish telecommunications company, which uses embedded Linux devices in its products. The objective of this research was to provide a solution for automating Linux post-mortem debugging, which is better than the current solutions and workings available in the case company. The research method used is the acclaimed design-science research. The research justifies its approach by looking at related work exploring the benefits of automated debugging in general. It also looks at common trends and pitfalls when dealing with highly complex specialized embedded processing environments. The design science artifact, created by this research, was made by combining the justification from the related work, combined with the requirements and processes of the case company environment. The evaluation of the research, both quantitative and qualitative, explores its benefits and drawbacks from multiple points of view. Overall, the implementation of the design science artifact, created by this research, was a success. Its time-saving capabilities were clearly demonstrated, as well as its potential use as a learning tool for new hires and non-technical staff. The main drawback identified was the need of constant maintenance, which is common for applications with great variability in their environment.


Power electronic converters depend on capacitors, which are more prone to failure than other electronic components. One of the most commonly used capacitors in power converters is the Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (AEC). As AEC ages, its quality and capacitance gradually deteriorate, and its corresponding value of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) rises. ESR and capacitance of the capacitor are frequently used to determine the operating health condition. Several advanced intelligent techniques are adopted to estimate the state of health of an AEC, many of which require the use of a current sensor on the capacitor branch. The current sensor imposes practical constraints, namely it requires space and introduces an unwanted resistive and inductive effect.In this paper, a Decision Tree Regressor (DTR)-based model, combined with the Short Time Least Squares Prony's (STLSP) approach, is used to detect the fault. Initially, the STLSP algorithm is used to estimate the ESR, using both the current and voltage across the capacitor. The data provided by the STLSP algorithm, together with the converter output current, provide enough information to train the DTR model to estimate the ESR without the need to use a current sensor inside the converter.


The concept of resilience was introduced at the beginning of the 70s to indicate the capability of natural systems to absorb perturbations, preserving their structure and keeping the system functioning. The paper considers London as an example to a resilient city by focusing on some remarkable disasters in the history of London, such as the Great Fire of 1666, the air raids during the World War 2, 18 December 1987 Kings Cross Fire, terrorist attack to tube network on the 7 th of July 2005, 1928 flooding and 1953 storm surge. The paper starts by giving short descriptions of these disasters and continues by discussing the lessons learned. In this paper, the concept of resilience has been studied in three phases: prepare for, respond to and recover from a disaster. Besides, actions that have to be taken according to these three phases are going to be explored in detail. In conclusion, the notable effects of the mentioned disasters on the structural and non-structural tools for disaster prevention have been revealed by considering resilience of London.


One of the key components of multimedia systems is a Continuous Media server (CM server) that guarantees the uninterrupted delivery of continuous media data (e.g., video). Digital libraries and commercial broadcasting systems are sample applications that can ben-eet from such multimedia systems. Queries imposed by such applications might require the retrieval of one or more continuous objects stored on the CM server. Traditionally, multimedia systems have opted to guarantee that the CM server can display all the objects in the set to the user with no interruptions and with very strict timing among the display of these objects, resulting in a single retrieval plan. However, for a class of applications, we have observed that depending on the user query, user proole, and session proole, there are a number of exibilities that can be exploited for retrieval optimization. In (Shahabi et al., 1998), we presented a formal deenition for these exibilities and a description of a Proole Aware Retrieval Optimizer (Prime) that utilizes these exibilities to improve system performance. In this paper, we consider two extensions to Prime, namely: 1) Prime + : which uses memory buuering to alleviate fragmented server bandwidth, and 2) Prime : which is an extension of Prime for a hierarchical storage system. By means of a simulation study, we show that Prime and Prime + can signiicantly improve the system response time and/or other application speciic metrics (e.g., latency time).


A ripplelike structure in the photodetachment cross section of H/sup -/ near threshold, arising from autocorrelation in the wave function of the photoelectron in the presence of motional electric fields, is observed.


The biochemical alterations induced by fluoride are the disintegration of polysomes into smaller particles. This results in the formation of heterogeneous ribosomal components including a decrease in ribosomal RNA particles. These changes are caused by the enhanced specific activity of ribosomal ribonuclease. The findings supply evidence for the destruction of messenger RNA as one of the factors responsible for the loss of polysomes, the site of protein synthesis. In contrast, ozone specifically decreases the population of chloroplast ribosomes including polysomes and the level of 23S ribosomal RNA. The reduction in chloroplast ribosomes is caused by the reaction of ozone with sulfhydryl groups of the ribosomal proteins. Both fluoride and ozone cause growth retardation by influencing the site of protein synthesis and the amount of ribosomal RNA. However, the mode by which each of these air pollutants modifies these metabolic constituents at the site of action differs. 16 references.


In this paper, we examine the sociability proposal of online communities and their impact on the social interaction among deaf users through a case study of Orkut communities. The results allowed us to verify that the resources offered by the communities, as well as the way used to express them in the interface create challenges for deaf users to socialize in this environment.


Pulmonary embolism is a common condition whose diagnosis can be difficult because of the highly variable clinical picture. Doppler echocardiography, beyond the evaluation of haemodynamic repercussions on the right ventricle, may reveal intracavitary thrombi. If the adverse prognosis of these situations is well established, their management is far from consensual. . We report the case of a 53-year-old patient who was referred to us for a brief, repetitive, self-limiting loss of consciousness, spontaneously resolving, without biting of the tongue or loss of urine. He reported intense palpitations. The attending physician offered a tilt test. Physical examination noted a B2 brust at the pulmonary focus. An episode of unconsciousness occurred before the installation on the tilt test table and allowed to note a blood pressure impregnable per-critical. Trans thoracic Doppler echocardiography showed dilatation of the right cavities with moderate impairment of systolic function of the right ventricle. There were numerous mobile thrombus in the prolapsing right atrium in the right ventricle in diastole. There was also a thrombus adhering to the apex of the right ventricle. Fibrinolysis was undertaken with streptokinase and this treatment was relayed by anticoagulation. The immediate evolution was favorable with a disappearance of syncope. Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs revealed left popliteal thrombosis. Control Doppler echocardiography performed on the third day showed no more thrombus; the right ventricle was of normal size and its systolic function was correct.


The influence of thermal treatments and of depressant on the rheological properties of highly paraffinic oil is investigated. The dependence of transport properties of the processed samples of oil on time of their storage is estimated.


This paper presents the implementation of a reprogrammable PLC system as a monitoring control tool in the actual operating environment of a compressor station. A neural network is used to recognize the temperature pattern and to predict the temperature on the compressor station. A cooling system is installed for the optimization purpose of the observed system. The research was conducted in three stages in real working conditions within the production hall. The difference in temperatures with and without the added cooling system is shown. There are gaps in this research that represent opportunities for future development, therefore recommendations for further research are given.


The differential and integrated cross section data for the hypercharge exchange reactions and at are fitted by using as simple Regge pole model with phenorncnological residue functions. It is assumed that each of the two non-degenerate and trajectories, exchanged in this reaction, is coupled only to one of the two independent helicity amplitudes.


Different forms of enterotoxin B obtained by hydroxyl apatite column chromatography and isoelectric focusing were found to produce lines of apparent serologic identity, but to differ in toxicity. This is interpreted to mean that the antigenic site or sites and toxic site or sites are most probably not the same in the molecule of enterotoxin B.


abstract:Milton was concerned with the dangers of populism throughout his career, most notably in Eikonoklastes and The Readie and Easie Way as he took on the celebrity king, Charles I. Sometimes charged with being an elitist who disregarded the common man, Milton actually worried about the political backwardness that populism engenders and the threat it poses not only to the political life of the nation, but also to the capacity for human salvation. His solution was a domestic "nation-building" grounded in educational reform. This article highlights the dangers Milton apprehended in the allure of fame and in the difficulties of preparing citizens to choose wisely when faced with the partisan allure of celebrity politicians.


Review(s) of: The best Australian poems 2013, edited by Lisa Gorton, Black Inc., S24.99 pb, 251 pp, 9781863956277; Now you shall know: Newcastle poetry prize anthology 2013, by Hunter Writers Centre, $22 pb, 141 pp, 9780975835425.


It is an indisputable fact that climate change has affected crop growth and development. In order to predict the possible effects of future climate change on C4 plant maize and to test the simulated results of crop model,an infrared temperature-increasing simulation experiment was conducted in Jinzhou of Liaoning Province,Northeast China. With the applications of free air temperature-increasing system and water control devices,different soil moisture and air temperature gradients were installed to simulate the effects of climate change on maize growth. The results showed that increasing temperature alone decreased the plant height by 6. 5%,while increasing both temperature and soil moisture had little effects on the plant height. Increasing temperature decreased the leaf area by 13. 8%,while increasing soil moisture had little effect.Both increasing temperature and increasing soil moisture were unfavorable to the dry matter accumulation,but the difference with the control was not significant. Increasing temperature had positive effects on the leaf distribution coefficient,but increasing soil moisture was in reverse.Increasing both temperature and soil moisture had no obvious effects on the leaf distribution coefficient. Increasing temperature decreased the grain yield by 40%,mainly due to the decrease of ear length,ear diameter,rows per ear,and full grain number and the increase of shriveled grain number.


The riparian Odonate insect diversity of the midstream Chalakudy River at six locations assessed from February 2018 to January 2019 has revealed the occurrence of 25 species of odonates. Among them,10 species are dragonflies belonging to seven genera of the family Libellulidae and the remaining 15 species are damselflies belonging to six families and 11 genera. Five endemic damselfly species have been recorded. Pseudagrion indicum is endemic to the Western Ghats, while the remaining four species, Vestalis apicalis, Libellago indica, Dysphaea ethela, and Heliocypha bisignata, are endemic to India. Diversity indices of the odonates in all the six locations were analyzed and it showed less abundance at sites where tourist activities are more and with thin native riparian vegetation. Further, the study has unequivocally revealed that thick native riparian vegetation is essential for their perching and existence. By and large, the uncontrolled tourism activities and habitat alteration interfere with the density and diversity of these endemic species.


We consider measures on locally homogeneous spaces $\Gamma \backslash G$ which are invariant and have positive entropy with respect to the action of a single diagonalizable element $a \in G$ by translations, and prove a rigidity statement regarding a certain type of measurable factors of this action.

This rigidity theorem, which is a generalized and more conceptual form of the low entropy method of [14,3] is used to classify positive entropy measures invariant under a one parameter group with an additional recurrence condition for $G=G_1 \times G_2$ with $G_1$ a rank one algebraic group. Further applications of this rigidity statement will appear in forthcoming papers.


Ironically, the limiting factor to a national heavy lift strategy may not be the rocket technology needed to throw a heavy payload, but rather the terrestrial infrastructure - roads, bridges, airframes, and buildings - necessary to transport, acceptance test, and process large spacecraft. Failure to carefully consider how large spacecraft are designed, and where they are manufactured, tested, or launched, could result in unforeseen cost to modify/develop infrastructure, or incur additional risk due to increased handling or elimination of key verifications. During test and verification planning for the Altair project, a number of transportation and test issues related to the large payload diameter were identified. Although the entire Constellation Program - including Altair - was canceled in the 2011 NASA budget, issues identified by the Altair project serve as important lessons learned for future payloads that may be developed to support national "heavy lift" strategies. A feasibility study performed by the Constellation Ground Operations (CxGO) project found that neither the Altair Ascent nor Descent Stage would fit inside available transportation aircraft. Ground transportation of a payload this large over extended distances is generally not permitted by most states, so overland transportation alone would not have been an option. Limited ground transportation to the nearest waterway may be permitted, but water transportation could take as long as 66 days per production unit, depending on point of origin and acceptance test facility; transportation from the western United States would require transit through the Panama Canal to access the Kennedy Space Center launch site. Large payloads also pose acceptance test and ground processing challenges. Although propulsion, mechanical vibration, and reverberant acoustic test facilities at NASA s Plum Brook Station have been designed to accommodate large spacecraft, special handling and test work-arounds may be necessary, which could increase cost, schedule, and technical risk. Once at the launch site, there are no facilities currently capable of accommodating the combination of large payload size and hazardous processing (which includes hypergolic fuels, pyrotechnic devices, and high pressure gasses).


In this paper we consider primarily the application and analysis of a constructivist teaching strategy with strong references in the History of Science, developed the content for the Law of Conservation of Mass for students 9th grade of elementary school. To achieve an interpretative focus of the data obtained was used in qualitative research.


The effect of oligomer concentration on the performance of polymer and oligomer blended system based photo-detectors was investigated. Improvement in dark rectification ratio and photoresponse of diode were observed in the blended system photodetectors compared to pristine polymer based photodetectors. The photodetectors fabricated with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and α, ω-di-hexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T) were tuned to two different wavelengths namely 525 nm and 400 nm respectively, corresponding to the maximum of the absorption of polymer and oligomer materials respectively. It was observed that the effective conjugation length and disorder in the polymer chains critically affect the photoresponse of organic optoelectronic devices. In this study, improvement in effective conjugation length and disorder were observed as the concentration of DH6T in the blend was increased; leading to the enhancement in the photoresponse of the fabricated device with these blends. Herein, with the increase of DH6Tconcentartion in the blended thin films, the photoresponsivity of fabricated photodetectors towards near UV at ∼400 nm wavelength in addition to the 525 nm wavelength was found to be increased. Comparable photosensitivity (∼1.6 × 103) and responsivity (∼18 A W−1) were achieved for both the wavelengths separately, in the blended photodetectors fabricated with a DH6T concentration of 40%. Such devices tuned to dual wavelength may also find their application in the field of optically switched logic gates.


Background: Neonatal jaundice with dangerously high levels of serum bilirubin leads to neurological toxicity. Results: Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is essential for regulation of glia activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress when neonatal mice experience severe hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is linked to a protection mode against serum bilirubin-induced brain toxicity. Significance: Understanding how signaling from innate immunity contributes to bilirubin-induced pathology. Biological and signaling events that connect developmentally induced hyperbilirubinemia to bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) and CNS toxicity in humans are poorly understood. In mammals, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is the sole enzyme responsible for bilirubin glucuronidation, a rate-limiting step necessary for bilirubin metabolism and clearance. Humanized mice that express the entire UGT1 locus (hUGT1) and the UGT1A1 gene, develop neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, with 8–10% of hUGT1 mice succumbing to CNS damage, a phenotype that is presented by uncontrollable seizures. We demonstrate that neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis are prominent features of bilirubin brain toxicity, and a disturbed redox status resulting from activation of NADPH oxidase is an important contributing mechanism found in BIND. Using knock-out mice and primary brain cells, we connect a key pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), to hyperbilirubinemia-induced signaling. We illustrate a requirement for TLR2 signaling in regulating gliosis, proinflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress when neonatal mice encounter severe hyperbilirubinemia. TLR2-mediated gliosis strongly correlates with pronounced neuroinflammation in the CNS with up-regulation of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, creating a pro-inflammatory CNS environment. Gene expression and immunohistochemistry staining show that hUGT1/Tlr2−/− mice fail to activate glial cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and stress response genes. In addition, bilirubin-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by blocking TLR2 signaling indicating its anti-apoptotic property. Consequently, a higher neonatal death rate (57.1%) in hUGT1/Tlr2−/− mice was observed when compared with hUGT1 mice (8.7%). These results suggest that TLR2 signaling and microglia neuroinflammation are linked to a repair and/or protection mode against BIND.


We have investigated the characteristics of cell leakage and data retention time when using flowable oxide chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as a shallow trench isolation (STI) process of 1-Gbit DRAM. The trench gap filling capability was increased dramatically by combining high-density plasma (HDP) CVD with flowable oxide CVD. The reduced local stress by flowable oxide in narrow trenches leaded to decrease in junction leakage and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current and increase in data retention time of DRAM compared to HDP STI. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of flowable oxide and HDP oxide is the most promising technology for STI gap filling process of sub-100 nm DRAM technology.


Objective: Trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthritis is a common source of hand pain in patients presenting to the hand surgeon's clinic. Long-term data on the natural history of symptomatic TM arthritis is lacking.Methods: We identified 251 patients with symptomatic TM arthritis and performed a retrospective chart review which identified treatment modalities (including surgery) and long term outcomes which were assessed via a telephone survey.Results: We found that of the 251 patients who presented with symptomatic TM arthritis, the 114 patients who had surgery had less pain and disability in the long term than those patients who were treated conservatively with splinting or injection (average pain score 1.8 vs. 3.8). However, the majority of patients did not ultimately undergo surgery.Conclusions: Although patients fare better from a pain and function standpoint with surgery, surgery is not inevitable.


In the present work, pure and Fullerene (C60)-doped methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite thin films were prepared on glass substrates by spin coating method at different concentrations of fullerene (C60).The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of as-prepared thin films were analysed using experimental and computational methods. The X-ray diffraction studies and their Reitveld refinement analysis of the samples confirms that all deposited perovskite thin films have tetragonal structure and are highly oriented along the (110) plane. The morphology of the perovskite films was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The elemental composition of perovskite thin films was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX). The addition of fullerene (C60) resulted in the increase of grain size sand a more compact surface development of the perovskite thin films with fewer flaws as compared with perovskite thin films without (C60) was evaluated. Also, geometrical, electronic and optical properties were studied by using the first principles DFT computational method. Optical properties have been studied experimentally and verified computationally. All the perovskite thin film samples exhibit direct band-gap which is suitable for solar cells applications.


We reported transcatheter closure of gigantic persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) using a custom‐made PDA occluder. A 19‐year‐old lady weighing 45 kg visited to our Heart Saving Project in Mongolia with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. Contrast CT scan showed ellipsoidal section of PDA whose long axis being 28 mm, and the short axis of 21 mm. A custom‐made PDA occluder, whose retention skirt, the aortic side, and the pulmonic side diameter of the body were 54, 36, 34 mm, respectively, was successfully deployed using 14‐Fr sheath. Pulmonary pressure decreased around a half compared to before closure. A custom‐made duct occluder could be a reasonable and cost‐effective choice for transcatheter closure of gigantic PDA complicated by severe PH. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen drived atomizing inhalation of salbutamol,budesonide and ambroxol on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods From January 2009 to June 2011,108 patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 54 cases in each group.Both groups recieved routine use of antibiotics,eliminate sputum,antiasthmatic drugs,content,rehydration,oxygen therapy.In addition,the control group recieved salbutamol atomized solution 1 ml,2 times every day,driven by hyperbaric oxygen aerosolized;The treatment group recieved atomizing inhalation of salbutamol,budesonide and ambroxol,including salbutamol atomized solution and budesonide suspension liquid every time each 1 ml,ambroxol every time 2 ml,2 times every day,driven by hyperbaric oxygen aerosol inhalation.Oxygen flow was 5-8 L/min,the treatment course was 7 days.PaO2,PaCO2,SaO2,the first second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC(FEV1 value of expected percentage) and other indexes,pulmonary function were compared before and after the treatment,and compare the differences between the two groups.Results Seven days after treatment,all indexes were better than those before treatment,there were significant differences(P0.05),and the indexes in the treatment group were better than those in the control group,there were significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen drived atomizing inhalation of salbutamol,budesonide combined with ambroxol in treatment of AECOPD,can effectively improve the blood-gas indexes and lung function,and is worth clinical application.


Intracellular iron stores are dependent on the relative levels of transferrin receptor and ferritin, the expression of each controlled by the relative amount of ferrous ion itself. The mRNAs for each protein contain a palindromic stem-loop sequence, the iron response element (IRE) (1) which is recognized by a specific IRE-binding protein (IRE-BP) whose activity is modulatted by the concentration of intracellular iron (2). Low levels of intracellular iron activate IRE-BP resulting in the stabilization of transferrin receptor mRNA and inhibited translation of ferritin mRNA (3, 4). We have isolated a cDNA encoding the complete sequence of ferritin mRNA from a library prepared from male Xenopus laevis liver, the sequence of which is presented below. Xenopus ferritin mRNA is larger than those in Rana and human by approximately 200 nt; the difference is primarily in the length of the 5' UTR. A palindromic sequence (underlined) in the 5' UTR bears a high degree of similarity to the IRE present in human ferritins, suggesting that regulation of its translation by iron is highly conserved between amphibians and mammals. in forms and L), and three (H, M, in the high degree of between the isoforms in and it the cloned Xenopus ferritin H, or the presence of in and erythrocytes it is analogous to the H or M forms of the Rana homologue. The aligned peptide sequences of the amphibian and human ferritins is shown the cDNA


Eleven different combinations of Trichoderma harzianum, Psedumonas fluorescens and Validamycin 3L, were applied at different crop stages viz. seed, seedling, tillering and symptoms initiation along with one application of Carbendazim as standard control to test their efficacy against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani under field condition. One application of Carbendazim @ 0.1% at the time of symptoms initiation (with 81.36 percent reduction of disease incidence, 83.17 percent reduction in disease severity and 62.92 percent inhancement in yield) and seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and seedling root dipping with Pseudomonas fluorescens and two spraying of Validamycin i.e. at tillering and symptoms initiation stages (with 69.10 percent reduction of disease incidence,83.17 percent reduction in disease severity and 62.49 percent inhancement in yield) were found to be equally and highly effective in reducing the sheath blight severity and in increasing rice grain yield also. One spraying of Validamycin at symptoms initiation stage was comparatively less effective (29.54 per cent reduction in disease incidence,53.46 per cent reduction in disease severity and 47.76 per cent enhancement in yield ) than one spraying of Carbendazim at symptoms initiation stage.


Inhalation of smoke from burning tobacco remains the most deadly risky behavior in the United States. For years, corporations have sought alternative methods to administer nicotine to the brain without the harms of combustion while retaining the immediate rewarding aspects of cigarettes that make them so profitable, pleasurable, and addictive. The latest attempt at reduced harm products is a heterogeneous collection of battery-driven inhalers termed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)1 or more popularly as electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes. These devices pose significant challenges to the public health community because their distribution and use has become widespread in the United States while simultaneously evading most regulatory structures. Ultimately, these devices force a close consideration of how the health and regulatory system evaluates claims of safety and harm reduction in a dynamic, consumer driven environment to ensure the broad protection of public health.


According to one embodiment, a vehicle detection apparatus (73) Assignee: KABUSHIKKASHA includes a line segment extraction unit, candidate creation TOSHIBA, Tokyo (JP) unit, evaluation unit, and specific part detection unit, and the line segment extraction unit extracts a plurality of line-seg ment components constituting an image of a vehicle from the (21) Appl. No.: 13/232,525 image formed by photographing the vehicle. The candidate creation unit carries out polygonal approximation configured to create a closed loop by using a plurality of line-segment (22) Filed: Sep. 14, 2011 components to create a plurality of candidates for an area of a specific part of the vehicle. The evaluation unit carries out a plurality of different evaluations for each of the plurality of (30) Foreign Application Priority Data candidates. Further, the specific part detection unit detects one of the plurality of candidates as the specific part based on Sep. 16, 2010 (JP) ................................. 2010-208539 evaluation results of the evaluation unit.


Nineteenth Century Studies t the 1879 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Edwin Ray Lankester (1847–1929), the future head of the Natural Science branch of the British Museum, lamented his countrymen's physical state: "As compared with the immediate forefathers of our civilization – the ancient Greeks – we do not appear to have improved so far as our bodily structure is concerned."1 By 1901, Lankester had found a contemporary who matched the Greek ideal. Lankester hired a strongman, Eugen Sandow (1867–1925), to model for the statue meant to represent "European man" in an exhibition at the British Museum "displaying all the major races of the world" (fig. 1).2 The statue, which was meant to represent the typical European male, also incorporated the ideal. Lankester's choice of Sandow to represent all European men does not, in other words, signal that most middle-class men had ideal Greek figures; rather, it highlights how the possibility of almost effortlessly attaining a muscular physique defined middle-class masculinity by the end of the century. Three factors in particular made it possible for male muscles to be framed as middle class: the New Journalism's production of Sandow as a celebrity; the distinctly middle-class conflation of A


The importance of occupational skills to the postschool adjustment of handicapped persons had been clearly documented in the professional literature. Kolstoe (1970, 1972), Dunn (1973), Jordan (1972), and Smith (1974) have written at length on the need for occupational preparation and guidance. Brolin and Thomas (1973) report that occupational skills are priority competencies for all handicapped students. Clark (1976) has stated that


Dear Editor, Pustular (PP) and erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) represent two subtypes of psoriasis that need prompt treatment to prevent potentially life-threating complications. Recently, interleukin-17 inhibitors secukinumab and ixekizumab have shown remarkable results in plaque psoriasis and few studies reported good responses to biologics in PP and EP as well. However, real-life studies comparing secukinumab and ixekizumab in the treatment of PP and EP subtypes cannot be found in the literature. To compare safety and efficacy of secukinumab and ixekizumab in PP and EP patients, we conducted a real-life monocentric cohort study, collecting 20 PP and 15 EP patients from the Dermatology clinic of the University of Turin (Table 1). Retrospective enrolment took place between October 2016 and April 2020, with follow-up until March 2021. Disease severity was assessed at baseline by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Patients were treated with secukinumab (two 150 mg-injections at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, followed by monthly maintenance) or with ixekizumab (two 80 mg-injections, followed by bimonthly maintenance for 12 weeks and subsequent monthly injections). The primary end-point of the study was PASI at week 12, at week 24 and at week 48. In the PP group, the outcomes at 12 weeks showed that ixekizumab is faster than secukinumab in achieving PASI 90, PASI < 3 and PASI 100, yet without achieving statistically significant difference: a PASI 90 response was achieved by 29% of patients treated with secukinumab and 50% of patients treated with ixekizumab, while a PASI 100 response was achieved in the two groups by 29% and 33% of patients respectively. These results were maintained at week 24, showing a higher rate of


ORCID iDs of the authors: M.K. 0000-0002-4938-0097; S.A. 0000-0002-3709-2506; T.Ç. 0000-0001-8188-5020. Address for Correspondence: Muhammed Keskin, Department of Cardiology, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: Received: July 15, 2020 Accepted: August 11, 2020 • DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.7.149 Available at www.balkanmedicaljournal.org


ward toward a more ruthless form of authoritarianism,&dquo; with growing intimacy between Thai military leaders and the Pentagon. Such policies supported the PhibunPhao-Sarit triumvirate, which identified all opposition as communist-inspired and generally suppressed the efforts of Western-influenced liberals to create a democratic style. Darling's heart may be in the right place, but he does not make a very persuasive demonstration that the political system of Thailand would be viably hospitable to democratic practice even if rapacious and corrupt military oligarchs could be persuaded to surrender their control. While using American military aid to buttress


Time‐dependent, or 4‐D, microgravity changes observed at the Laguna del Maule volcanic field, Chile, since 2013, indicate significant (1.5 × 1011 kg) ongoing mass injection. Mass injection is focused along the Troncoso fault, and subparallel structures beneath the lake at 1.5–2 km depth, and is best modeled by a vertical rectangular prism source. The low‐density change (156 to 307 kg/m3) and limited depth extent suggest a mechanism of hydrothermal fluid intrusion into existing voids, or voids created by the substantial uplift, rather than deeper‐sourced dike intrusion of rhyolite or basalt magma. Although the gravity changes are broadly spatially coincident with ongoing surface deformation, existing models that explain the deformation are deeper sourced and cannot explain the gravity changes. To account for this discrepancy and the correspondence in time of the deformation and gravity changes, we explore a coupled magmatectonic interaction mechanism that allows for shallow mass addition, facilitated by deeper magma injection. Computing the strain, and mean, normal, and Coulomb stress changes on northeast trending faults, caused by the opening of a sill at 5 km depth, shows an increase in strain and mean and normal stresses along these faults, coincident with the areas of mass addition. Seismic swarms in mid‐2012 to the west and southwest of the mass intrusion area may be responsible for dynamically increasing permeability on the Troncoso fault, promoting influx of hydrothermal fluids, which in turn causes larger gravity changes in the 2013 to 2014 interval, compared to the subsequent intervals.


The number of Department of Energy weapons makers who must take a lie detector test will be drastically reduced under a new plan to be released Nov. 1, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson said during a press conference following a Senate hearing last week. About 1,000 DOE employees will be tested, Richardson predicted, far less than earlier estimates of 5,000 or more. "Several hundred" scientists and security personnel at each of the three weapons labs will still take the polygraph tests, he said, which are intended to search out spies. Richardson said his decision to limit the tests was driven by fears that the test would hamper DOE's ability to hire top scientists. "We don't have statistics, but Fve heard reports that excessive, undefined polygraphs will affect recruitment" Nuclear weapons scientists, he noted, are an "aging workforce,, with an average age of 56. DOE is also looking into improving its benefits package and other enticements to ...


Future NASA missions will require wide field of view interferometric imaging in order to obtain high angular resolution over large fields of view. In particular, far-infrared and submillimeter missions will require interferometry because the long wavelengths drive large baselines in order to achieve reasonable spatial resolution and because the scientific motivations require large fields of view/ However, the requirement for a direct detection interferometer to cover a wide field of view over a wide spectral band has not been demonstrated. Because of this, we are developing a testbed for demonstrating wide field imaging interferometry algorithms that will allow us to evaluate the system issues and algorithms associated with this type of observatory. This paper will describe the drivers for this testbed, the design of this testbed, and the tests and algorithms we plan to run and demonstrate.


When used in parallel transmission lines on the same tower or dealing with high resistance fault, the measuring impedance of traditional distance protection becomes inaccurate due to the influence of transition resistance and zero-sequence mutual inductance, thus affect protection range and action speed of corresponding distance algorithm. An optimization method of distance protection for double circuit transmission lines on the same tower is proposed. A fault location method based on the phase relation of sequence currents at local terminal is constructed by using the structural characteristics of parallel lines. It can quickly and accurately identify the fault and obtain the fault location by using single terminal information, and has a wide range of application scenarios. The EMTDC simulation results verify the effectiveness of this method.


This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that redd superimposition by salmonine fishes is a consequence of limited habitat availability. We monitored redd site selection by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) for two spawning seasons in Valley Creek, Minnesota. Redd superimposition rates were high; over one half of the brook trout and one third of the brown trout superimposed redds. We tested the role of habitat availability in this process by characterizing microhabitat at sites with and without redds in four small sections of this stream and then determined whether superimposition could be explained by random dispersal of fish over available habitat. Brown trout preferred spawning sites with high flows whereas brook trout strongly preferred deep sites with upwelling groundwater. No relationship was observed between fish density and superimposition. Additionally, the observed frequency of superimposition was greater than expected by chance in six of eight instances f...


Plant-derived biomass such as lignocellulosic materials is a key input for many biotechnological applications and a secure, sustainable and renewable source of energy for the present and beyond. This research work investigated the effect of Coconut Husk based Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCCH) and Commercial based Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCCOM) for post-harvest preservation of tomato fruits  for 40 days in ambient temperature. Standard techniques were used to measure changes in quality parameters during the preservation period. The results showed that coated tomato fruits showed delay in weight loss, increased lycopene content and sugar-acid level. A change in pH level, Total Soluble solid and Titratable acidity was also observed. This suggests that using Carboxymethyl cellulose from coconut husks can extend shelf life of tomato fruits for 40 days with minimal quality deterioration.


The balance criterion defining the class of α-balanced trees states that the ratio between the shortest and longest paths from a node to a leaf be at least α. We show that a straight-forward use of partial rebuilding for maintenance of α-balanced trees requires an amortized cost of Ω (√ n) per update. By slight modifications of the maintenance algorithms the cost can be reduced to O (log n ) for any value of α, 0 < α < l.


Most of the recently discovered superconductors, like all cuprates, MgB2, or NaxCoO2∙nH2O, are uniaxial crystals with metallic ab planes orthogonal to an insulating, or sometimes poorly conducting, c axis. The reflectivity Rab(omega) provides, through the optical conductivity sigmaab(omega), valuable information on the low-energy electrodynamics of these intriguing materials. However, in the far infrared, Rab(omega) ~ or = 1 and a slight contamination from the c-axis response or an unsuitable choice of the extrapolation to omega=0 may lead to large errors on sigmaab(omega). These issues are quantitatively discussed here with particular regard to La2−xSrxCuO4+y, one of the most-studied high-Tc materials.


ABSTRACT The role of the gut microbiota in regulating host physiology and health is well established, with effects on host development, behaviour, nutrition, immunity, and reproductive strategy. While mammalian and insect microbiomes have attracted considerable research attention, avian microbiome research is deservedly growing, given the key roles that birds play in ecosystem services and functioning. Here we review recent literature (2008–2021) on the gut microbiome of wild birds, focusing on the role of key drivers that shape gut bacterial communities: diet, environment, and the phylogeny of host species. While most studies on avian gut microbiomes are confined to domestic poultry research, studies of wild birds have been increasing, particularly for the orders Passeriformes, Charadriformes, and Anseriformes. Four bacterial phyla dominate the gut microbiota of wild birds: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes with varying abundances and compositions across taxa. Diet was reported to be the most influential factor shaping avian gut microbiomes, followed by phylogeny, habitat, the nest environment and seasonal variation. However, the current scarcity and large variation in reported patterns limits a clear understanding about how the ecology and evolution of birds are affected by the gut microbiome. Increased research effort is needed that links microbial diversity to function and avian health, with an expansion of sampling across host phylogenetic lineages, environmental conditions, dietary niches, and life stages. A shift towards field-based experimental approaches will further contribute towards more conclusive findings, which will serve to advance threatened species management in both captivity and in the wild.


Light Detection and Ranging(Li DAR) is a technology that captures spatial data of objects' surface by laser ranging.The method of reconstructing the target sculpture's three-dimensional surface model with Li DAR and relevant software is introduced.Precise point cloud data of the target sculpture were captured.The point cloud data were in register to acquire exact data of the target sculpture.The triangular meshes were built to construct the three-dimensional surface model.Texture mapping and crack treatment with reverse engineering software were to visualize the model.The experiment result shows that the method is effective,precise and fast.


de Santiago, F., Bresciano, D., Del Pino, L., Castagna, A., Blumetto, O. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of grazing with bovines as a control tool for privet ( Ligustrum lucidum ) in park forest. Ecosistemas 28(2): 109-115. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.1673 Invasive alien species constitute one of the most important threats to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. A specie that stound out In Uruguay and other temperate zones, is the privet ( Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton); an Asian species with great adaptability and characteristics that make it a successful colonizer. Seeds production is its main reproductive strategy, so the herbivore consumption could contribute to reduce the recruitment of seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of bovine grazing as a tool to reduce the progress of this species in park forest ecosystems. An experiment was carried out at Las Brujas Experimental Station, of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Uruguay. The experimental area consisted of 4 paddocks assigned to two treatments of different intensities of cows grazing (initial allowance of 5 kg and 3 kg of grass dry matter / kg of animal body weight). During winter and spring 2016 and summer 2017, six plots of 1 m2 were sampled in each paddock. In each sampling station, the total number of plants, height, number of leaves, presence of apical bud and presence of other buds were recorded. Although there was no negative effect on the final number of plants, there was defoliation and cut of buds due to the effect of grazing, which could have a retarding effect on growth. The treatment with higher grazing intensity had more apical buds cutting, but, in both cases, the sprouts were grazed. Grazing, under these conditions, did not result in an effective tool for privet control. However, it is worthwhile to go deeper into studies where grazing pressure is maintained during longer periods of time.


This interdisciplinary study explores the connection between the Ptolemaic monarchy and the Phaeacian episodes in Homer's Odyssey and the Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius. In particular, I am interested in what the epic representation of the Phaeacian queen Arete can tell us about the political influence of Arsinoe II Philadelphus, ruler of Egypt with Ptolemy II in the third century B.C.E. The close relation between Alexandrian poetry and court politics makes it likely that the portrait of Arete alludes to Arsinoe's reputation as a powerful voice in Ptolemy's administration.


The <italic>k</italic>-server problem is a generalization of the paging problems, and is the most studied problem in the area of competive online problems.  The Harmonic algorithm is a very natural and simple randomized algorithm for the <italic>k</italic>-server problem.  We give a simple proof that the Harmonic <italic>k<italic>-server algorithm is competitive.  The competitive ratio we prove is the best currently known fo the algorithm.  The Harmonic algorithm is memoryless and time-efficient.  This is the only such algorithm known to be competitive for the <italic>k</italic>-server problem.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. The aim of this review was to determine whether colostomy formation improves QoL in patients with SCI.


The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation's global rinderpest eradication programme (GREP)—the first and only attempt to eradicate an animal pathogen—provides several learning points from the veterinary perspective

Rinderpest is (was is possibly more accurate) an ancient disease of cattle, believed to have been the origin of human measles,1 caused by an epitheliotropic and lymphotropic morbillivirus. Characterised by high fever, ocular and nasal discharges, dysentery, and dehydration it can cause death in up to 100% of cattle, water buffaloes, and yaks. Many wild ungulates are also highly susceptible, but not humans. Not surprisingly, it was the dread of farmers throughout the European, Asian, and African continents for centuries, even millennia. Sweeping west, east, and south out of central Asia, this devastating disease changed the course of history, following in the wake of marauding armies bringing death and devastation that contributed to the fall of the Roman empire, the conquest of Europe by Charlemagne, the French revolution, the impoverishment of Russia, and the colonisation of Africa.2 Having been defeated in Europe by 1928, it was the subject of intensive eradication effort in Africa and Asia for most of the last century, yet not until 1993 was a programme mounted by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations to bring about global eradication. The eradication programme aimed to provide coordination of autonomous, regional campaigns rather than being a centrally managed campaign. Twelve years later, in 2005, we are conceivably very close …


Over-coupling of the resonant band of interest has been found to have significant influence on the refractive index sensitivity of long period grating (LPG) for surrounding material having refractive index higher than the cladding material. In this paper we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a quantitative analysis using the concept of radiation mode coupling that elaborates the influence of initial coupling strength on the response of LPG to high refractive index surrounding. The simulated results agree well with those obtained experimentally where it could be shown that that a suitably over-coupled resonant mode of LPG can have a sensitivity ~724 dB/RIU in the range of the ambient refractive index which is slightly higher than the cladding where the conventional LPGs have almost no sensitivity.


According to the characters of CE signal, improved wavelet thresholding with translation invariant was described to denoise for microchip capillary electrophoresis in this paper. The improved thresholding function has muti-derivative compared with the soft thresholding. The denoising method can not only remain the geometrical characteristics and keep the amplitudes of the original electrophoresis signal waveforms efficiently, but also suppress impulsive noise to some extent. In order to suppress Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena combining the translation-invariant de-noising was proposed. The experimental results indicated that the proposed methods in the paper have good signal-to-noise ratio through testing the actual electrophoresis signal. The baseline of the denoised signal is smooth and the peak shape has not distortion.


Essay in catalogue to accompany the 'William Scott: Simplicity and Subject' exhibition held at the Victoria Art Gallery, Bath between 7 September and 17 November 2013.


It's impossible to define the valid bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed rectangular sections of concrete and reinforced concrete elements on effective standards of design. Ways of definition of correct bearing capacity are offered.