SIR Herein we address the issues raised by Puder and colleagues, document corroboration of our findings, and illustrate the utility of our research in crafting formulary policy.P Economic appraisal is as robust, requires the same level of peer-review, and conforms to the same criterion of conformation as would results stemming from a clinical evaluation. The selection criteria set forth in our manuscript yields precision as to the ambulatory status of the study population examined and the exacting nature of their disease state profile t-year post-diagnosis of single-episodic depression. A recent meta-analysis of 42 published randomized controlled studies comparing selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) discerned a pooled discontinuation rate due to side-effects of 14.9% for patients receiving an SSRI, and 19% among individuals receiving a TCA (P::; 0.01).3 In the seven placebo-controlled studies examined, the pooled discontinuation rate due to side-effects for SSRIs was 19.0%, and 27.0% for patients receiving a TCA (P::; 0.01). The authors found no significant difference in discontinuation rates due to insufficient efficacy in either analysis. It was concluded that the risk-benefit calculation favours the SSRIs since there were similar levels of efficacy, but significantly higher rates of discontinuation due to side-effects with the TCAs. While these findings suggested greater patient tolerability with the SSRIs, in 1994 there existed limited data comparing economic end-points for patients responding to the initial pharmacotherapeutic option pre-


There have been only 27 cases of tumor-forming pancreatitis presented with duodenal stenosis in Japan. We experienced a case of this disease in which gastroduodenal ulcer secondary to duodenal stenosis caused repeated hematemesis for 3 years. A 42-year-old man visited a neraby hospital because of hematemesis was pointed out having gastroduodenal ulcer, a tumor at the head of pancreas, and duodenal stenosis with close examinations. Imaging methods of the head of the pancreas revealed no malignancies. So the patient was under observation. Thereafter he had hematemesis off and on for 3 years and was admitted to the hospital for examination of the head of pancreas as well as for treatment of hematemesis. Close examination disclosed no malignancy and extended gastrectomy for hematemesis with Billrough II for future probable pain caused by pancreatitis was performed. There have been no pain due to pancreatitis nor malignant findings on imagings, as 3 years after the operation.


Responsiveness is a key objective of national health systems. Responsive health systems anticipate and adapt to existing and future health needs, thus contributing to better health outcomes.Responsive health systems aim to develop technical tools to assess, monitor and raise awareness of how people are treated, and the environment in which they are treated, when seeking healthcare


Intelligent Transportation System is a new kind of complicated information system which includes many different wireless sensors. With the development in sensor technologies and their applications, it is important to focus on how to find the useful and real-time traffic information from the Intelligent Transportation System. Using this method of building dynamical data system model for the Intelligent Transportation System is the way to solve the data aggregation problem and minimize the number of the multi-sources data.


A study explored how reflective inquiry could be used to promote preservice teachers' understanding about reading during a one-semester required reading certification course. Subjects, 22 dual certification elementary/special education undergraduate juniors, 27 secondary education undergraduate juniors, and 11 graduate students in a master of education program leading to certification in either elementary/special education or secondary education, wrote a series of reflection writings as a way of encouraging students to address their level of "professional ease." All essays were read blind (without knowledge of group or pre/postdesignation) to identify basic thought units related to knowledge of reading process and reading instruction, and the thought units were listed, compared, and collapsed where necessary to construct a list of thematic statements. Results indicated that subjects: (1) learned the mandated content of the course and became more knowledgeable about reading processes and instruction; (2) were more able to discuss/reflect upon their level of professional knowledge and comfort as the course unfolded; and (3) appeared to have more confidence in their understanding of reading processes and directions to take with assessment and instruction. Findings suggest that, by the end of the semester, there was steady solid progress toward reflective inquiry with considerable difference in what the students knew and in what they thought about what they knew. (Two tables of data are included; 19 references are attached.) (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** National Reading Conference 41st Annual Meeting


This paper investigates the optimal control of continuous-time multi-controller systems with completely unknown dynamics using data-driven adaptive dynamic programming (DD-ADP). In this investigation, all controllers take actions together as a team, and they have precisely the same cost function, which is actually a fully cooperative game. According to optimal control theory, the HJB equation corresponding to the fully cooperative game is derived. To obtain the solution to HJB equation, a model-based policy iteration (PI) algorithm is first presented. On the basis of the PI algorithm, a DD-ADP algorithm without requiring the system dynamics is developed, and the neural networks (NNs) implementation scheme of the developed DD-ADP algorithm is given. Stability and convergence analysis are derived by Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation examples on linear and nonlinear multi-controller systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed scheme.


Audio watermarking has been used mainly for digital sound. In this paper, we extend the range of its applications to live performances with a new composition method for real-time audio watermarking. Sonic watermarking mixes the sound of the watermark signal and the host sound in the air to detect illegal music recordings recorded from auditoriums. We propose an audio watermarking algorithm for sonic watermarking that increases the magnitudes of the host signal only in segmented areas pseudorandomly chosen in the time-frequency plane. The result of a MUSHRA subjective listening test assesses the acoustic quality of the method in the range of "excellent quality." The robustness is dependent on the type of music samples. For popular and orchestral music, a watermark can be stably detected from music samples that have been sonic-watermarked and then once compressed in an MPEG layer file.


A novel efficient one-pot procedure is developed for the sequential reaction of substrates (I) or (V) with DMF dimethyl acetal and various anilines to give quinazolinones (IV) and thienopyrimidinones (VI), respectively.


Electron microscopy of negatively stained myosin has previously revealed three discrete regions within the heads of the molecule. However, despite a probable resolution of ∼2 nm, it is difficult to discern directly consistent details within these regions. This is due to variability in both head conformation and in staining. In this study, we applied single-particle image processing and classified heads into homogeneous groups. The improved signal-to-noise ratio after averaging these groups reveals substantially improved detail. The image averages were compared to a model simulating negative staining of the atomic structure of subfragment-1 (S1). This shows that the three head regions correspond to the motor domain and the essential and regulatory light chains. The image averages were very similar to particular views of the S1 model. They also revealed considerable flexibility between the motor and regulatory domains, despite the molecules having been prepared in the absence of nucleotide. This flexibility probably results from rotation of the regulatory domain about the motor domain, where the relative movement of the regulatory light chain is up to 12 nm, and is most clearly illustrated in animated sequences (available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/muscle/ myosinhead.html). The sharply curved conformation of the atomic model of S1 is seen only rarely in our data, with straighter heads being more typical.


The meantime between failures of the thin film strain sensor is a critical indicator for future U.S. Army field sensing application [1]. This accelerated lifetime aging test would characterize the existing flexible strain sensor for repeated load response/application. A typical industrial maximum number of testing cycles used are about 10x106 cycles [2].


In the eye of the above context, researchers carried out a new experiment to store naked neck eggs under different temperature conditions over a variable number of days and review egg quality, fertility, blastoderm quality, chick quality and hatchability. Apart from this, it was also the aim to provide reasons regarding possible causes of a high rate of late embryonic mortality and lower hatchability in naked neck embryos


Portugal's family planning activities began officially in 1976, 2 years after the democratization of the political system. Its objectives were: to improve the well-being of families; to improve indicators of maternal and child health; to allow couples to regulate fertility as they wished and to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies; to reduce the number of complications associated with abortion; and to promote the appropriate use of contraceptive methods. Demographic policy is not the basis of family planning in Portugal. The focus is on the health and well-being of mothers, children, and couples. The Directorate-General for Primary Health Care of the Ministry of Health gives a high priority to the training of health professionals. The number of health centers providing family planning consultations increased from 155 in 1982 to 470 in 1986. The consultations include: information on sexual patterns and on all contraceptive methods, which are provided free of charge; medical examination; counseling; referrals for infertile couples; and health education. A study conducted in 1985 of 6 districts revealed that 41.5% of the women questioned were practicing some form of contraception, and 31.8% obtained services from health centers. 45% used oral contraceptives, 7.6% the IUD, 3.9% natural family planning, 3.9% chemical methods, 1.6% combined chemical and barrier methods, and 1.9% hormonal injections. 32.2% continued to practice withdrawal. Unwanted pregnancies have decreased from 40.5% of all pregnancies in 1980 to 26.7% in 1983. Maternal mortality and perinatal mortality also have been reduced.


The invention discloses a water-based inter-process environment-friendly antirust liquid prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of sodium molybdate, 1-2 parts of ZnCl2, 1-2 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of sodium benzoate, 4-6 parts of tert-butylhydroquinone, 20-25 parts of vinyl acetate, 6-9 parts of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-3 parts of peregal O, 3-4 parts of aluminium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of EDTA disodium, 4-5 parts of an auxiliary agent, and 300 parts of water. With use of various antioxidants, sodium molybdate and ZnCl2, the corrosion inhibition effect is good, and the toxicity is small; through combined action of the high-molecular polymer monomers, the complexing agent and the chelating agent, a thin film can be formed on a metal surface, plays roles in isolating air, adhering an antirust agent and preventing oxidation, is easy to clean up, and can be immediately removed by water washing; and the environment-friendly antirust liquid has few harmful substances, low cost and easy operation, is suitable for inter-process short-term rust prevention, saves time, and has little harm to worker bodies.


The author of the letter on "Revolutionary Backwardness" (MR, October 1975) presents, I feel, an unusually sensitive and sincere starting point for trade union discussion. To begin with, "booing and yelling and throwing chairs at union meetings" is one level of militancy. Exposing and defeating specific misleaders on specific class issues and waging effective class warfare on the favorable terrain of the shop floor is quite another level.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


We describe an algorithm for computing ray/B´ ezier patch intersections from a pipelined hardware point-of-view. This algorithm uses patch subdivision and other geometrical techniques to find a given maximum number of intersection points nearest to the ray origin. We propose a pipeline-based hardware architecture, and verify the number of pipeline stages required by simulation.


Dr Bernstein is professor of clinical medicine in the department of internal medicine, division of immunology/allergy, at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. jonatHan a. BERnstEIn, MD university of Cincinnati E xposure to environmental allergens is associated with the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma; appropriate interventions can reduce indoor allergen exposure and improve clinical outcomes. On page 490, I reviewed the environmental determinants of allergic rhinitis and asthma. In this article, I address the importance of allergen avoidance measures in patients with these conditions and describe the interventions that effectively reduce exposure to dust mite, pet, and cockroach allergens.


We present a dynamic resource allocation strategy for energy-efficient and Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure aware computation offloading at the wireless network edge. The goal is to maximize the overall system sum-rate of offloaded data, under stability (i.e. finite end-to-end delay), EMF exposure and system power constraints. The latter comprises end devices for uplink transmission and a Mobile Edge Host (MEH) for computation. Our proposed method, based on Lyapunov stochastic optimization, is able to achieve this goal with theoretical guarantees on asymptotic optimality, without any prior knowledge of wireless channel statistics. Although a complex long-term optimization problem is formulated, a per-slot optimization based on instantaneous realizations is derived. Moreover, the solution of the instantaneous problem is provided with closed form expressions and fast iterative procedures. Besides the theoretical analysis, numerical results assess the performance of the proposed strategy in striking the best trade-off between offloading sum-rate, power consumption, EMF exposure, and E2E delay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work addressing the problem of energy and exposure aware computation offloading.


In order to intuitively understand the internal structure, working principle and operating course of the magnesium alloy extruder, furthermore optimize the extrusion process, the problem of modeling and analysis to the model is solved in this paper. A method is studied to create three dimensional visualization of virtual environments based on the extrusion principle of magnesium alloy and virtual reality technology. All models are created by using SOLID WORKS or 3DMAX software, the next step is that 3D models are imported directly into EON Studio by "EON Reptor-web studio-3DMAX" plug-ins to create a virtual environment. When the processing of virtual simulation program is completed, an interactive assembly system of magnesium alloy extrusion machine can be achieved. As the system has the features with imagination and real-time, self-view and interactive operation is feasible. This method can effectively solve the related issues of extruders and the extrusion process. It will be utilized to prepare plastic deformation behavior of magnesium alloy extrusion and isothermal extrusion process simulation.


This paper is centred in the paternal authority that supposed, in Spain, an obstacle to protect children and girls of the child abused that suffered. The speech is analyzed generated by jurists and socials reformers who coincided in denouncing the inability of the tribunals to pursue the abuses and they demanded, for this reason, the reformation of the civil Code and the penal Code.


▪ Abstract Once disregarded as noise, scattered seismic waves are finding increasing application in subsurface imaging. This sea change is driven by the increasing density and quality of seismic recordings and advances in waveform modeling which, together, are allowing seismologists to exploit their unique properties. In addition to extensive application in the energy exploration industry, seismic scattering is now used to characterize heterogeneity in the lower continental crust and subcrustal lithosphere, to examine the relationship between crustal structure and seismogenesis, and to probe the plumbing of active volcanoes. In each application, the study of seismic scattering brings wavelength-scale structure into sharper focus and characterizes the short scale-length fabric of geology.


Nigel Corby argues that all too often companies employ the services of a management consultant when they should be using an interim manager.


This is a medically oriented, multi-authored volume, dealing with candidiasis as a disease, with little emphasis on the microbiology of candida itself. Thus, the specifically mycologic chapter (by Roy L. Hopfer) emphasizes laboratory diagnosis and species differentiation rather than basic metabolism, genetics, and so on, and the experimental section (extensively researched and referenced by Donald B. Louria) emphasizes models of human disease. This is a book aimed at the medical specialist, not the student of mycology, and this fact is reflected in the authorship of the articles: primarily infectious diseases experts and other medical specialists. As such, it is a well-organized and up-to-date (references through 1982) small volume which is a useful text for the medical caregiver and medical trainee. Having lived with this book for several months, I have found it much more useful than stacks of research reprints for answering practical infectious diseases clinical questions, and my students have found the section on treatment of candida infections (by John P. Utz and Edouard Drouhet) an especially helpful and brief summary of a difficult problem. As do some of the other chapters, this chapter includes over one hundred references. In addition to general topics such as the diagnosis, pathology, epidemiology, and radiology of candida infections, this book also has whole chapters which contain extensive coverage of certain candida syndromes (mucocutaneous candidiasis, systemic candidiasis) and local candida infections (endocarditis, endophthalmitis, and gastrointestinal candidiasis). These will be especially helpful to practitioners, as general infectious diseases texts do not provide nearly as extensive discussions of the specific kinds of candida infections. There is also an appropriate emphasis on the compromised host. In summary, I have found this to be a useful and up-to-date coverage of all aspects of candida infections, and I recommend it to individuals and hospital sections which deal with medical microbiology, infectious diseases, oncology, immunology, and possibly general surgery. For postdoctoral fellows it represents a good starting point for developing a general understanding of these infections, including the important immunologic aspects, and they will find the reference lists especially helpful. At present, this is not a very quickly moving field, and the volume should be useful for several years.


Abstract In this paper, we introduce and study Golden-like statistical manifolds. We obtain some basic inequalities for curvature invariants of statistical submanifolds in Golden-like statistical manifolds. Also, in support of our definition, we provide a couple of examples.


The average pulse profiles of PSR 0809 + 74 recorded simultaneously at 25, 20, and 17 MHz show positions conforming to the dispersion law, with no perceptible superdispersion delay. The dispersion measure is 5.752 + or - 0.005/cu cm pc. 9 references.


"In Ethiopia, while superficial examination suggests strong disincentive effects of food aid on labor supply and agricultural activities, these largely vanish under more careful statistical analysis." from Text


Aim To determine if 'Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments' (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression. Methods A 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese children aged 8–13 years, with myopia between −1.00 and −5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals. Results 160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were −0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and −0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference −0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses. Conclusions Daily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression. Trial registration number NCT02206217.


The vast, widely-exposed terrestrial (lacustrine to fluvial) Upper Triassic-Jurassic (except Tithonian), successions of the Junggar Basin, not only record most of the stratigraphic boundaries of the Upper Triassic and Jurassic, including the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (TJB), Hettangian-Sinemurian, Sinemurian-Pliensbachian, Pliensbachian-Toarcian, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Middle-Upper Jurassic, Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian boundaries, but also record a range of the geologic, organic, palaeogeographic, palaeoclimatic events, known to have happened globally in the Late Triassic and Jurassic. The TJB is placed in the stratigraphic interval of the First Occurrence (FO) of
 Retitriletes austroclavatidites
 and
 Callialasporites dampieri
 and the Last Occurrence (LO) of
 Lunatisporites rhaeticus
 . The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE) is characterized by the disappearance of most of the sporomorph and macro-plant taxa. The ETE occurred before the FO of the sporomorph
 Cerebropollenites thiergartii
 , and ended after it when life began to revive. The Junggar Basin was situated at a high latitude during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Pliensbachian 'hothouse' and 'greenhouse' periods. The Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic Bajocian was humid and warm, and rich in coal swamps, except the Toarcian, which yields little coal because it was relatively warmer and drier. It became arid from the early Late Jurassic Oxfordian.


Here, we describe a simple fluorometric assay for the highly sensitive detection of cartap on the basis of the inner filter effect (IFE) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots (QDs). In the presence of AuNPs, the fluorescence of CdTe QDs was significantly quenched due to the intensive absorption of AuNPs at the 522 nm plasmon band. The well-dispersed AuNPs exhibited a tendency to aggregate when exposed to cartap with positively charged amine groups, which induced an absorption band transition from 522 nm to the long-wavelength band and restored the IFE-decreased emission of CdTe QDs for cartap detection. Under optimum conditions, the response was linearly proportional to the concentration of cartap in Chinese cabbage within the range of 0.01 to 0.50 mg kg−1 with a detection limit of 8.24 μg kg−1 (S/N = 3). Further application in cartap-spiked vegetable samples suggested a recovery between 81.9% and 90.6%. The amount of cartap in the spiked samples detected by the present method and GC-MS was in good accordance, which indicates that this IFE-based fluorescent method is reliable and practical. The proposed assay exhibited good reproducibility and accuracy, providing a simple and rapid method for the analysis of cartap.


The lack of information 011 the parasites of different species of maml1uiıs kept in zoological gardens in Turkey, has led us to prepare this literature rewiev. For a better understanding, the group of different mammals kept in zoological gardens as well as their helminth parasites have been taken into consideratian. The helminth parasi/es were given in the classes of trematoda, cestoda, nematoda and acanthocephala. The Iıelmintlı of different animal species were !is/ed in the appendix tables.


This text aims at discussing the federal government proposal to identify regional vocations in order to authorize the opening of new higher-education courses. It argues that the regional vocation concept is complex, difficult to apply, and even outdated, using as an example the Rio de Janeiro State Northern Region, which radically changed its internal characteristics and regional borders in a short time frame. The article concludes that the proposal for a university education policy based on the territorial aspect of the regional vocation concept is out of tune with our times.


Lattice dynamics simulation of several gas hydrates (helium, argon, and methane) with different occupancy rates has been performed using TIP3P potential model. Results show that the cou- pling between the guest and host is not simple as depicted by the conventional viewpoints. For clathrate hydrate enclosing small guest, the small cages are dominantly responsible for the thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrates. And the spectrum of methane hydrate is studied compared with argon hydrate, then as a result, shrink effect from positive hydrogen shell is proposed.


The research and developments of a new type of inorganic ion exchanger, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) are reviewed.This material is stable against radiation, and the CST has high selectivity for Cs over Na, K and Rb. It performs well in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions. The results of ion exchange tests show that CST is an excellent candidate for Cs removal from high-level liquid waste.


This thesis titled "The status of public finance and it's sustainability in Czech Republic" focuses on the subject of public finance. The work contains characteristics of basic notions being used in the area of public finance. The majority of the thesis focuses on a national budget, deficit and public debt analysis. Attention is also paid to aging of the population as a factor of the public finance.


The structure of the model titanate glass former BaTi2O5 has been studied over a wide temperature (T) range in the molten, supercooled, and glassy states under conditions of aerodynamic levitation. Both high-energy X-ray diffraction and Ti K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal a continuous structural transition involving reduction of the cation–oxygen (and oxygen–cation) average coordination numbers and bond lengths with increasing T. Ti–O coordination in the moderately supercooled and equilibrium melt follows a linear trend nTiO = 5.4(1) – [3.5(7) × 10–4]T [K] (1300 ≤ T ≤ 1830 K, Tg = 960 K, Tm = 1660 K). Comparison to the melt-quenched glass implies an increase in ∂nTiO/∂T at lower T, as Tg is approached from above. Both Ba–O coordination and bond length also decrease at higher T, and the role of Ba addition is to reduce nTiO below its value in pure molten TiO2, which is related to the presence of density maxima in molten BaO-TiO2. Density measurements made by imaging of the levitated melt yielded...


This paper discusses the methods of seismic damages assessment by utilizing remotely sensed data. Classical Change Detection (CD) algorithms are effective when the author can acquire both pre and post-event images in a very short period of time. For images those have large temporal difference, edge detection and neighborhood operations and occurrence calculations are used to enhance the texture information and detect the displacement of outlines of ground objects. When there is only post-quake image, the Direct Recognition from Single Image (DRSI) method is used. But automated DRSI is difficult because the pattern of houses is very complex and varies greatly in different geographical areas. Experiments were carried out for 2003 Jiashi-Bachu Ms 6.8, 1999 Taiwan Jiji Ms 7.2 and 1998 Zhangbei Ms 6.2 quakes. SPOT, ERS-2 SAR and airborne images were obtained. The results were in agreement with field surveys.


In order to determine theadequate Crude Protein (CP)/ Calculated Digestible Energy (CDE) ratio in a diet for bocachico fries (Prochilodus magdalenae) an experi- ment, lasting 60 days, was designed within 24 aquari- ums, located within the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of Fac- ulty ofVeterinary Medicine and Zootecnia of the National University of Colombia, Bogota. Due to the animais sus- ceptibility to manipulation, measurements were only made at day 0 and than on days 30 and 60. Food was offered three times a day, at 8:00 am, 12:00 m and 4:00 pm, taking into account 15% of the fries biomass de- posited in each aquarium. Daily 15% of the water in each container was changed and 80% water change was made weekly, including filter cleaning. Six experimental diets were elaborated and evaluated, including two protein levels, 34% and 36%, and three levels of CDE, 3000, 3100 and 3200 kcal/kg. The variables evaluated were weight gain expressed as percentage, specific growth rate, standard length and feed efficiency. The highest percent weight gain and rate of specific growth were obtained with the diet that contained 36% of crude protein and 31 00 kcal/kg of CDE, corresponding to 116.12 of mg CP/kcal. The other variables did not show signifi- cant differences (P<0.05).


The online operation is quite frequent in Beijing 10 kV distribution network in order to ensure the continuous power supply to important consumers and to increase the network reliability. Mal-protection operation or over-current circumstance might occur because of tremendous loop current during the loop closing if there is a voltage difference between the terminals of the switch. The loop closing examination strategies as well as safety precaution methods were introduced and the loop closing equivalent model was established with an example of Shawo Substation. Making a study of transient and steady process in loop closing, the steady-state loop current and the transient rush current were also calculated. Comparing the recorded diagram with the power flow calculation results, key factors affecting the loop closing safety were discussed. Main adjustment measures for loop closing safety are suggested to limit the loop current, which have instruction significance to the network operation.


The interdisciplinary orientation of family research – spanning anthropology, history, psychology, social policy, economics, sociology, and demography – is reflected in the wide range of epistemological perspectives and methodological approaches used in the field. In some research areas, the collection of digital data has a long tradition. For instance, video data are collected to study everyday micro-level interactions in families, and are used as tools in family therapy (Erickson 2011; Reusch and Keys 1956). In other fields, and in quantitative family demography in particular, researchers increasingly employ digital traces that emerge as a by-product of other processes (Cesare et al. 2018). As digitalisation progresses, digital data are rapidly becoming abundant and accessible, and offer new and unique opportunities for conducting social research. At the same time, the quality of random probability surveys is deteriorating. The contact information that is necessary to be included in random probability sampling, for example taken from population registers, tends to be less complete and more selective with regard to the exclusion of specific social groups than it was in the past. Low response rates to telephone surveys further exacerbate the challenges entailed in traditional surveys. In the United States, for example, response rates have stabilised at around 9 per cent since 2012 following years of decline (Keeter et al. 2017). Similar trends have been observed in other countries. While the quality of many surveys is decreasing, the costs associated with conducting surveys remain higher than the costs involved in collecting most digital data (Salganik 2018). Decreasing survey quality should be of great concern to family researchers, and highlights the need to explore and improve both survey methods and other research strategies, including administrative records and digital traces. This chapter focuses on the opportunities and challenges associated with using different types of digital data in empirical family research. We distinguish between 1) digital traces that are repurposed for family research, including data from Twitter, Facebook, or Google searches; and 2) digital data collection tools developed and used specifically for research purposes, particularly video data analysis and experience sampling. We build on Salganik's (2018, p. 7) distinction between digital traces as 'ready-made' data, and digital data that have been collected for research purposes as 'custom-made' data. In practice, researchers often choose strategies that combine ready-made and custom-made digital data, or employ additional sample selection procedures that 'customise' ready-made digital traces to some degree. While both types of digital data can be used to address a range of research questions, there are a number of challenges associated with collecting and analysing these data. Here, we will not discuss the question of how digital technologies, such as smartphones or video calls, affect family life, as this issue can be addressed using digital data, conventional survey data, qualitative interviews, ethnographic methods, or other research approaches. Instead, we focus on the opportunities for using these two types of digital data in family research more generally. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive review of the


Abstract In this paper, an inexact Newton's method for nonlinear systems of equations is proposed. The method applies nonmonotone techniques and Newton's as well as inexact Newton's methods can be viewed as special cases of this new method. The method converges globally and quadratically. Some numerical experiments are reported for both standard test problems and an application in the computation of Hopf bifurcation points.


The accuracy of SST derived from passive-microwave (AMSR2, GMI, and WindSat) and infrared (AVHRR, MODIS onboard Terra and Aqua and VIIRS) radiometers in Southeast Asia and its adjacent seas is evaluated using Argo observations. The results show that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the differences between SST from passive-microwave radiometers (AMSR2, GMI, and WindSat) and Argo SST are 0.46°C, 0.42°C, and 0.50°C, respectively. The RMSEs of the SST differences between infrared radiometers (VIIRS, AVHRR, MODIS onboard Aqua and Terra) and Argo buoy are 0.54°C, 0.63°C, 0.65°C, and 0.64°C, respectively. In addition, the spatial coverage of the satellite SST products in Southeast Asia and its adjacent waters is calculated. The daily coverage of AMSR2 SST ranges from 44.51 % to 66.74%, with annual average coverage of 56.8%. The yearly average coverage of MODIS onboard Aqua and Terra and VIIRS SST are 21.79%, 22.91%, and 20.67%, respectively.


Method for producing an optical diffusion adhesive, to prepare a first adhesive composition comprising a first optically transparent particles dispersed in the adhesive matrix; Determining a first turbidity and first transparency of the first adhesive composition; And based on a first turbidity and the first transparency, and a step for producing a second adhesive composition comprising the first particles and the second particles dispersed in an optically transparent adhesive matrix, optically transparent adhesive matrix. The optical diffusing adhesive comprising the first particles and the second particles dispersed in an optically transparent adhesive matrix is also disclosed. The first particles and the second particles have a larger refractive index than the optically transparent adhesive matrix. The article comprising the optical diffusing adhesive is also disclosed.


A process for analog-to-digital conversion of an input signal, the input signal is divided into a plurality of amplitude ranges and a plurality is provided of channels for digitization, with a lower and an upper limit at least one of the plurality of channels is adjustable, marked by, Sampling the input signal by at least one analog-to-digital converter; based on the digitized input signal, determining the statistical distribution of the amplitude values in the entire amplitude range of the input signal; and based on the statistical distribution of the amplitude values, adjusting the lower and the upper limit of the at least one channel in order to divide the amplitude range into regions which are scanned at high resolution, and in regions which are scanned at a low resolution, so that a signal-to-noise ratio or a distortion-free dynamic range of the digitized input signal set during a subsequent superposition of the digitized signals from the plurality of the channels, which increases over a fixed splitting the input signal into the plurality of amplitude ranges ...


Postoperative, as well as postpartum ischuria is a very unpleasant complication, since all commonly used means are heat to the bladder, instillation of 10% boric glycerin into the bladder (Corbineau method), liq. kalii acetici per os, injections of 1.0-2.0 25% magnesiae sulfur, under the skin (Voytashevsky method), intravenous injections of 5.0-10.0 40% urotropin (according to V o g t'y) - often give refusal or induce urination after many hours and thus force the use of a catheter. As for catheterization, this method is recognized as fraught with complications and should be used, according to Dieterichs, only as an ultimum refugium.


Glucocorticoids (GCs) are indicated for a number of conditions in obstetrics and perinatal medicine; however, the neurodevelopmental and long‐term neurological consequences of early‐life GC exposure are still largely unknown. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that GCs have a major influence on hippocampal cell turnover by inhibiting neurogenesis and stimulating apoptosis of mature neurons. Here we examined the fate of the limited pool of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) after GC administration during neonatal development; the impact of this treatment on hippocampal structure was also studied.


This paper describes a generic framework of a remote patient monitoring and treatment system as part of an e-Health system. The framework is composed of a set of mobile and wearable medical devices and a communication platform that assure real-time acquisition of medical data from patients placed in remote locations. The main contributions of the paper are: the modular and versatile design of the medical devices and the webservice based data transfer solution.


We report on femto- to nanosecond emission studies of the interaction of an organic dye (TPC1) for solar cells, of (electron-donor)–(π-spacer)–(electron-acceptor) structure, with different semiconductor particles and aluminum-doped MCM-41 silicate mesoporous material, in a dichloromethane (DCM) suspension. We used ZnO, ZrO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles employed in dye-sensitized solar cells as active electron collection materials or insulating layers. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra reflect strong complex formation between TPC1 and the used materials. The femto- to nanosecond emission transients of the interfacial systems show a nonexponential behavior with an averaged half lifetime of 4, 11, and 150 ps for ZnO, ZrO2, and Al2O3, respectively. For the latter, we observed the effect of the dye's concentration indicating the action of a fluorescence self-quenching mechanism. For ZnO and ZrO2 samples, the lifetime of the complexes is determined by an electron injection rate to the conduction band and...


Green food is one of green mainstay industry in Qinghai province.Qinghai province has he advantage on natural resource and market foundation of developing green food.The article has discussed the important significance,development preset situation and existent problem of developing green food in Qinghai province.We put forward the thought and countermeasure of developing green food and exploiting organic food.


Ultrafine (nanosized) α-Al_2O_3 powders were prepared from aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and ammonia by sol-frothing process.Effects of the concentration of aluminum nitrate solution,the rate of adding ammonia,frothing reagent,dispersant and adsorbent were investigated.XRD,DTA-TG,IR and BET were used to characterize the products.The powder calcined at 1200 ℃ was alpha-alumina without any other phases by XRD analysis.DTA-TG showed that there were two obvious steps of weight loss and four exothermic peaks at 327.0,386.0,404.0 and 587.0 ℃.IR indicated that the flat and broad band in the region 811.43~448.72 cm~(-1) tended to narrow with the increase of particle size.BET technique and the isotherm indicated the specific surface area of 126.8290 m~2/g and 78.8238 m~2/g respectively for gamma and alpha alumina that belonged to the mesoporous material.The results revealed that the obtained α-Al_2O_3 powder by the sol-frothing method had narrow particle size distribution and average particle size of 42 nm without obvious agglomeration.


This paper, explores to extract textural feature from ultrasound Adenomatous Hyperplasia thyroid nodule. The extracted texture feature will help the clinician to improve diagnostic accuracy. The Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and Histopathology report is the conventional diagnostic methodology. It is an invasive technique and patients are subjected to painful process. Non-invasive, non-contact and low cost imaging tool is essential to increase the clinical diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasound imaging is a potential non-invasive modality to capture Adenomatous Hyperplasia thyroid nodule. Adenomatous Hyperplasia thyroid nodule is the common inflammation in thyroid gland abnormality. The texture features, using Law's Texture Energy Measures (Law's TEM), Neighborhood Gray Tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM) and Statistical Feature Matrix (SFM) are extracted from normal and adenomatous hyperplasia of thyroid nodules. The normal and abnormal images are demarcated using T-test analysis. The extracted feature shows significant difference between normal and abnormal images with p value less than 0.001(p < 0.001). Hence the Law's Texture Energy based feature may be used to identify the pathology in the thyroid ultrasound images.


Myc is a crucial regulatory gene capable of altering normal cellular proliferation and differentiation. Its mechanism of action is largely unknown. The cloning and identification of downstream myc regulatory targets constitutes a key step towards deeper understanding. Beginning with a conditional c-myc expression system and a physiologic setting where conditional myc expression produced clear phenotypic effects at both cell cycle progression and mRNA expression levels, I cloned a set of myc regulated genes. The frequency with which myc targets were identified "among a panel of cDNAs subject to either up
or downregulation during G_l of the first cell cycle
following serum stimulated emergence from growth arrest suggested that only about one-third of such genes may be myc targets. Consequently, this work has extended the myc target gene class to include several extracellular matrix proteins, one anabolic and one catabolic enzyme, a
differentiation marker, several important cell proliferation regulators, and an assortment of unidentified genes. While that cloning effort was in progress, two groups identified max, a gene encoding multiple bHLHzip proteins that can form DNA binding oligomers either alone or in a heterotypic complex with myc. After incorporating
conditional max expression into the experimental paradigm
of conditional myc expression, reexamination of the myc target gene set identified individual members that are cooperatively upregulated by myc and max and members that are regulated in opposite directions by myc and by max. In addition, we made the entirely unexpected observation that
max is a regulator of a specific subset of the immediate early serum response gene class. Based on the results of these studies, I propose an integrative model accounting for the diverse effects of myc and max on cellular
function.


Economic development has brought about rapid population growth and urbanization. As a result, intensive use of urban land has become increasingly important. Colligation Evaluation, which can quantize the intensive use level of land and its determinants, is adopted to establish evaluation index system from aspects of land use intensity, land input, benefit and sustainability in order to evaluate the current situation of urban land use in Hebei province. It is found that the efficiency of input, potential-tapping and ecological balance play important roles in upgrading the level of land intensive use of Hebei province.


The objective of this study was to determine the tannin contents in the bark of twenty-five species of Eucalyptus through two extraction methods, one using hot water and the other a sequence of toluene and ethanol. The results showed that the extraction methods presented significant differences in the tannin contents. The method using the sequence toluene and ethanol, for most of the species, promoted a larger extraction of tannin. The hot water method presented higher contents of tannin for Eucalyptus cloeziana (40,31%), Eucalyptus melanophoia (20,49%) and Eucalyptus paniculata (16,03%). In the toluene and ethanol method the species with higher tannin content was Eucalyptus cloeziana (31,00%), Eucalyptus tereticornis (22,83%) and Eucalyptus paniculata (17,64%). The Eucalyptus cloeziana presented great potential as commercial source of tannin, independent of the extraction method considered.


In this study, the (I-V) properties of the sensors were measured as a function of hydrogen, propylene and methane exposure at temperatures up to 400° C and sensor responses were observed for each gas. The response to hydrogen and propylene had a rapid increase and leveling off of the current followed by the subsequent decrease to the baseline when the gas was switched off. However, exposure to methane resulted in a rapid spike in the current followed by a gradual increase with continued exposure. X-ray photoelectron (XPS) studies of methane exposed SiC sensors revealed that this behavior is attributed to the oxidation of methane at the Pd surface.


Objective: To examine the relative frequency of use of seven strategies to moderate drinking (SMD) among low‐risk and risky drinkers.


Abstract— A novel in‐vitro system has been developed for the detection and quantification of pyrogen in pharmaceutical products. The measured variable was evoked secretion of the pyrogenic cytokine interleukin‐6 from MONO MAC 6 monocytic cells incubated with the product. The interleukin‐6 was detected using a specific and sensitive ELISA developed for this purpose. The test system detected pyrogenic contamination in 3 batches of therapeutic human serum albumin which had caused adverse reactions in recipients. The contamination was not detected in conventional tests: the rabbit pyrogen test and the limulus amoebocyte lysate test.


(75) Inventor: Jeffrey Roger Stafford, Redwood City, (57) ABSTRACT CA (US) Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for (73) Assignee: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., detecting inputs for a computing device. One method Tokyo (JP) includes an operation for receiving images for an area where the hand of a user is situated, and an operation for analyzing (21) Appl. No.: 13/437,710 the received images to determine the location and the color of 1-1. a finger of the user. Further, a change in the color of the finger (22) Filed: Apr. 2, 2012 is detected, where the change in the color is caused by contact Publication Classification of the finger with a physical object. In other operation, the method determines the location of the finger when the color (51) Int. Cl. change was detected. The determined location is associated G06F 3/04 (2006.01) with an input for the computing device.


To cite: Floyd CN, Brady S, Monteiro D, et al. Postgrad Med J Epub ahead of print: [please include Day Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ postgradmedj-2020-139459 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Special Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Diabetes, University Hospital, Lewisham and Greenwich Trust, London, UK Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' and Lewisham and Greenwich Trust, London, UK


greater interest in natural regeneration. This paper describes a project that designed and tested a model to predict the likelihood of natural regeneration in an environment where long-term datasets were not available. A spreadsheet based model known as REGGIE (REGeneration GuIdancE) was designed based on first principles and silvicultural experience. It was tested on 129 sites of four conifer species on a wide range of sites throughout Britain; at each site an expert judged the likelihood of regeneration in the next 5 years in one of five classes: 0-20%, 21-40%, 41-60%, 61-80% and 81-100%. The REGGIE model agreed with the expert prediction on 63 of the 129 sites (48.8%). The validation data were then analyzed using an ordinal logistic regression. The minimal adequate model included fewer terms compared with REGGIE and, not surprisingly, was more accurate with respect to the expert prediction on 113 of the 129 sites (87.6%). An advantage of the ordinal logistic model is that we have devised a simple score based method of application which is easy to apply in the field. Informal validation of this model has suggested that it has potential to be used by forest managers as part of a strategy to raise understanding of how to use natural regeneration when transforming conifer stands to continuous cover in Britain.


Unfavorable weather conditions and prolonged electrical stress can lead to corona discharge and electrical arcing on high voltage insulators. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an electrical arc is determined at different locations on cross-arm structures. Two common cross arm configurations available within the power network are studied. The results show that electrical arcing on faulty insulators can increase the level of field in the other insulators situated on the same cross-arm. This electrical stress can contribute to the aging of high voltage insulators. The results for the two cross-arm systems show that an optimum configuration can be devised for which the electromagnetic stress on insulators is minimised when electrical arcing appears on a faulty insulator.


Lonergan's method in metaphysics may be summarized as an integral heuristic structure containing 9 directives embedded within 3 main procedures. With Appropriation, Reversal-Development, and Operation as the required procedures, there extends 9 directives which may be labelled as 1.Gnoseological Appropriation, 2.Epistemological Appropriation, 3.Reorientation, 4.Integration, 5.Classical Method, 6.Statistical Method, 7.Genetic Method, 8.Dialectic, and 9.Methodic Hermeneutics. Lonergan aspires that such directives may lead us squarely to the aim of attaining a healthy explicit metaphysics as we hope for.


The 27th Annual Pacific Northwest Regional American Geophysical Union Meeting, held September 25 and 26, 1980, was hosted by the Pacific Geoscience Centre at the Institute of Ocean Sciences, near Victoria, British Columbia. A total of 79 papers was presented to the 150 registrants in six general sessions: seismology; electromagnetic induction; general geophysics; volcanology; hydrology; and oceanography, and in three special symposia: 'The Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault system and other active faults of the Pacific Northwest'; 'Coastal circulation in the northeast Pacific'; and 'Studies of the eruption of Mount St. Helens.'


Molecular genetic studies of self-incompatibility (SI) are the most accentuating part in the way of advancement of reproductive mechanisms in flowering plants. In the Brassicaceae plants, self-incompatibility has been mapped genetically to a single chromosomal location where several closely linked genes have been identified. Recently, various studies have provided a novel insight into the basis of specificity in the S-receptor kinase (SRK) and S-locus protein 11 or S-locus Cysteine-rich (SP11/SCR) interaction, the nature of the signaling cascade that culminates in the inhibition of 'self' pollen, and the physiological and morphological changes that are associated with transitions between the outbreeding and inbreeding modes of mating in the Brassicaceae. In this review, we discuss the current view of the molecular genetic aspects of the self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae.


APPROXIMATELY ONE OUT OF EVERY THREE CARS CHECKED IN A RECENT NATIONWIDE SAMPLING OF VEHICLE CONDITION WAS FOUND IN NEED OF MAINTENANCE ATTENTION TO ONE OR MORE PARTS AFFECTING SAFE OPERATION. OF THE 10 ITEMS "SAFETY-CHECKED," BRAKES AND LIGHTS STOOD OUT AS PARTS MOST FREQUENTLY IN NEED OF SERVICE ATTENTION. RESULTS WERE OBTAINED ON THE BASIS OF SAMPLE SAFETY-CHECK OF NEARLY 360,000 VEHICLES MADE BY 1,165 AUTOMOBILE, TRUCK, AND TIRE DEALERS IN ALL STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. TEN ITEM AFFECTING SAFE VEHICLE OPERATION WERE INCLUDED IN THE VOLUNTARY CHECK. IN AN OVER- ALL ANALYSIS, ONE OUT OF 10 BRAKES; ONE OUT OF 12 REAR LIGHTS; ONE OUT OF 13 HEADLIGHTS, AND ONE OUT OF 15 WINDSHIELD WIPERS LED THE LIST OF 10 ITEMS CHECKED AND FOUND TO BE IN NEED OF MAINTENANCE ATTENTION FOR SAFE VEHICLE OPERATION. OF TRUCKS CHECKED, 27.2 PERCENT NEEDED SERVICE ATTENTION. /HRB/


A disk-type winding for electrical inductive apparatus which is constructed from individual coil sections containing one or more disk-type coils. The individual sections are wound separately with the conductors secured by a bonding material. The bonding material also serves as a spacing member when the coil sections are assembled into a complete winding assembly.


In wall turbulence, it is widely accepted that the coherent motions determine the essential features of turbulent transport phenomena. In the present study, we have refined a trajectory-based detection algorithm for coherent motions and have investigated the relationship between coherent motions and scalar (heat) transfer from a structural point of view, i. e. trajectory analysis of the VITA heat transfer events, extraction of key flow modules and the relevant heat transport, and the prediction of passive scalar transfer by means of an autoregressive (AR) model. As a result, it is shown that the phase relationship of fluctuating velocity components dominates the essential characteristics of the transport processes of heat and momentum in wall turbulence and there exist distinct differences in individual correspondence between the coherent motions and heat transport processes, neither of which can be revealed by the widely used VITA technique. Also, the AR model is shown to provide good time-series predictions for turbulent heat transfer associated with coherent structures near the wall.


How do planets form from circumstellar disks of gas and dust? What physical processes are responsible for determining the final masses of forming stars and ultimately the initial mass function (IMF)? The Hubble Space Telescope has made major contributions in helping to address these fundamental questions. In the next decade, the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) and the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) will build on this heritage in the near- to far-infrared. However several crucial questions will remain. We review recent progress made in star and planet formation with HST, summarize key science objectives for SIRTF and NGST, and suggest problems that would be uniquely suited to a large aperture UV/optical space-based telescope. We focus on studies that take advantage of high spatial resolution and the unique wavelength range not accessible from the ground such as: 1) circumstellar disk structure and composition (resolved images of dust and UV spectroscopy of gas); and 2) extreme populations of young stars in the local group (UV imaging and spectroscopy of massive star-forming regions). An 8m UV/O space telescope operating from 1100-6000 Angstroms over fields of view 4-10' and with spectroscopic capabilities from R = 3,000-10,000 down to < 1000 Angstroms would be a powerful tool for star and planet formation research.


Assuming that all firms have rising marginal costs, merger between a dominant firm and one of the firms in the competitive fringe is considered. The effects on market price and output, profits and market power are shown when the dominant firm operates as a two-plant firm after merger and output arises from both plants. It is proved that if merger offers no efficiency gain, then market price always rises; and if merger results in efficiency gain, then market price falls if and only if there are sufficiently large number of firms in the fringe. In any case, there is profit incentive for merger to take place. [611]


AbstractWe present the results of experimental studies of the return of Ni–Fe–Ga–Co and Cu–Al–Ni single crystals to the initial form at the macro- and microlevels after their deformation by compression and subsequent restorative heating. It is found that the geometric dimensions of the sample are reproduced with high accuracy (up to 20 μm). The microrelief appearing on the initially polished surface during crystal compression (the arithmetic mean profile deviation R _ a ≈ 0.25–0.75 μm, the average spacing of local protrusions of the profile S ≈ 0.027–0.11 mm) is not removed by subsequent heating and remains with further multiple repetition of deformation–restoration cycles.


An attempt to clarify whether positive effects on dysmenorrhea correlate with the extent of prostaglandin F2 alpha formation was made by determining PGF2 alpha in menstrual blood before and after insertion of a progesterone T modified Tatum IUD. Menstrual blood PGF2 alpha levels were measured in 5 dysmenorrheic women in 4 menstruations with progesterone-releasing IUD in situ (Progestasert) (cycles 1 2 6 and 12) and 2 menstruations without the IUD. The menstruation blood of 3 eumenorrheic women was the control. Tampons were used to collect menstrual blood every 4 hours and these were stored in water-saturated n-butanol until assayed. The PGs were purified and extracted radioimmunologically. PGF2 alpha formation/menstruation and the concentration/ml of menstrual blood was significantly higher in dysmenorrheic patients than in eumenorrheic controls (P < .005). During the treatment cycles the PGF2 alpha values dropped significantly (P < .01) and correlated with those of eumenorrheic women. All but 1 patient reported improvement of pain after the 1st treatment cycle. The trend in these patient was toward a slight decrease in volume of blood and a slight lengthening of menstrual period. The connection between PGF2 alpha and pain is apparent and these clinical data make it clear that intrauterine PG synthesis is controlled by progesterone.


We propose an efficient estimator for population median under two-phase sampling when using two auxiliary variables on the lines of Diana [Diana, G. "A class of estimators of the population mean in stratified random sampling", Statistica, 1, pp. 59-66 (1993)] and Jhajj and Walia [Jhajj, H. S. and Walia, G. S. "A generalized difference-cum-ratio type estimator for the population variance in double sampling", Communications in Statistics-Simulations and Computation, 41, 58-64. (2012)]. The expressions for mean squared errors are presented, correct to first order of approximation. Both theoretical and numerical comparisons reveal that the proposed estimator performs better than the unbiased sample median estimator, ratio estimator, and estimators by Srivastava et al. [Srivastava, S. K., Rani, S., Khare, B. B., and Srivastava, S. R. "A generalized chain ratio estimator for mean of finite population", Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, 42(1), pp. 108-117 (1990)] and Gupta et al. [Gupta, S., Shabbir, J., Ahmad, S. "Estimation of median in two phase sampling using two auxiliary variables", Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods, 37(11), pp. 1815−1822 (2008)].


We extend a recent work on the effect of nonperturbative Planck scale effects on models with spontaneously broken global B-L symmetry, where it was shown that the scale ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{B}\mathit{L}}$ of this symmetry must be less than 10 TeV. We show that, if the Planck scale effects break CP invariance, an allowed window for ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{B}\mathit{L}}$ appears where ${10}^{8}$ GeV\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{B}\mathit{L}}$\ensuremath{\le}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{10}$ GeV.


This paper analyses the reason that cause deflation in China,explains the extent of macroeconoimc control over the aggregates,such as the momentum of monetary ploicies,fiscal policies and growth rate of domestic demands,and provides relative policy suggestions to coping with it.


The development of fast statistics computer software over the past 50 years has changed the way scientific data are analysed. Accurate statistics can now be generated instantly, including exact P-values for any statistical test on large data sets, which allow better conclusions to be made. However, in schools, the teaching of statistics in biology has not changed to keep up with the modern world and students are being asked to learn obsolete and incorrect methods. In addition, the quality of statistical literacy of those who write the government requirements, the specifications, the examinations, and the textbooks leaves much to be desired. A solution to this problem is proposed where biology students are taught to carry out statistical analyses using modern computer software. The simplicity of this method should result in better understanding of the methods and so fewer mistakes.


The utility model discloses a manpower tobacco leaf plastic mulching machine, it includes shaped as frame manpower bar, wheel assembly and connecting axle, its characterized in that still includes: cover soil spade device, atomizer mounting bracket, plastic film support and preceding plough device, they all are through bolt fixed connection with shaped as frame manpower bar, and shaped as frame manpower bar, wheel assembly and connecting axle constitute simple rickshaw, plough device, plastic film support, atomizer and cover the soil spade device before being equipped with according to the preface on it in the past backward. This machine can carry out field ridge ditching, atomizer in proper order through manpower pulling and spray liquid medicine in the ditch, the ditch tectorial membrane, shovel native tectorial membrane. Simple structure, light in weight, the dismouting is convenient with the transportation, can realize epiphragma and the work of earth press mold simultaneously, greatly reduced human cost and use cost, the plastic film with cover soil spade and can adjust according to the topography needs, to various landform and physiognomy transportation convenient to use, application scope is extensive.


This article draws attention to some of the effects of new public management on questions of ethics. It does not argue that there was some past golden period when all was right in the context of public sector management but that it is important to consider how moral standards were appreciated and applied in official work in a previous period, how difficulties arose, what they were and how they were resolved. In the contemporary context it is important to understand what difficulties are currently arising, to ensure that the ethical dimensions of public sector work today are appreciated, and to suggest that new approaches should be considered if previous provisions are no longer adequate or practicable.


Objective To investigate the value of MRI examination of supine sagittal flexion,hyperextension in the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis. Methods MRI scans were performed in 30 spinal stenosis patients with supine sagittal in resting,flexion,hyperextension positions,and the changes of sagittal diameter among patients in 3 different positions were statistically compared. Results MRI scans showed no obvious changes of sagittal diameter among patients with suspected cervical stenosis in supine sagittal resting position,but the changes were observed clearly in flexion or hyperextension position. MRI scans showed obvious changes of sagittal diameter among patients in supine sagittal resting position,while the degree of cervical spinal stenosis could be observed more clearly in flexion or hyperextension position. There was significant difference in the degree of cervical spinal stenosis between hyperextension and flexion positions( P 0.05),and the degree of the former one was significantly higher than that of the latter one( P 0.05).Conclusion MRI using supine sagittal flexion,hyperextension position has the important clinical value in the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis.


Research indicates the Jewish community could benefit from additional resource s aimed at supporting the psychospiritual needs of community members. While clergy and menta l health professionals often collaborate to address these needs, there is no model that utilizes psychologists in a non-clinical setting for the purpose of integrat in common positive psychology and spiritual concepts. The literature reveals many com monalities between positive psychology strengths and Jewish holiday themes. The purpose of this study was to develop a resource manual for psychologists and rabbis. The primary a ims of the manual were to (a) utilize positive psychology to enhance psychospiritual development within the Jewish community; (b) explicitly connect positive psycholo gy and Judaism through common themes; (c) provide opportunities for active personal integration of these common psychological and spiritual concepts; and (d) apply posit ive psychology through experiential small groups in synagogue settings. The s pecific objectives of the study included (a) an extensive review of the literature to ide n ify the intersection between positive psychology and Judaism; (b) the collection of informa l data from rabbis, Jewish professionals, clinical psychologists, and positive psychologist s, to assess the need for additional resources; (c) the development of the resource manua l; and (d) a critique of the manual by an expert psychologist and rabbi to evaluate the acc uracy and relevance toward its intended population. Major issues in the evaluation results led to recommendations that the author formalize ground rules, direct greater attention to screening and recr uitment procedures, and expand the experiential aspects of the groups. Further development of the manual may focus on utilizing additional research in positive psychology in conjunction with


The components of feeding medium were investigated by the shake-flask fed-batch cultivation of Eremothecium ashbyii.Firstly,the effects of various concentrations of glucose feeding on cell growth and riboflavin biosynthesis were performed.The results showed that glucose feeding could accelerate the cell growth,but the concentration of glucose feeding above 0.5g/100mL would cause lower production of riboflavin.Secondly,the study of various carbon sources on the fermentation of E.ashbyii revealed that,1.0g/100mL of sucrose or maltose had a positive effect on cell growth,and had a negative influence on riboflavin biosynthesis.Finally,the effects of nitrogen sources on the cell growth and riboflavin biosynthesis by E.ashbyii were conducted.The results showed that yeast extract and corn steep liquor could not only stimulate the cell growth,but also had a positive effect on riboflavin biosynthesis.The final riboflavin production under yeast extract or corn steep liquor feeding was 1582.1mg/L and 1816.77mg/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than that obtained without nitrogen feeding(1135.48mg/L).


Clement of Alexandria quotes in Stromateis 184.108.40.206 and 25.1 two hymnical passages attributed to Orpheus. One, more extensive, was part of a hymn to Zeus very similar in form and content to those of the late collection of Orphic Hymns. The other, a single verse, seems to be the beginning of a Hymn to Kronos, influenced by a myth of the Orphic theogonies. The purpose of the article is to translate and comment on both fragments, and to examine both their formal aspects, and the religious ideology they convey, as samples of a type of literary work characteristic of late Orphism. It also discusses the possibility that they belong to the same hymn.


Database producers should take a hard look at the compact disc market bqfiwe introducing injtirmation products based on optical storage technology. CD-ROM is an engineering innovation in search of an application. Among the barriers to successfrrl textual products are hardware problems, inadequate retrieval sof?ware and incidental costs that affect the economic viability of such products. Publishers have failed to e.rploit the unique properties of CD technology. For textual applic.ations, niche mark-ets may exist, but marketing techniques must be geared to a new market. The special librarian will be a key player in the purchase decision. Budgetary allocations jtir CD information products will be weighed against the use of online and print media. The potential for cannibalizing existing database products should be a real concern.


Until recently, research trend in real estate has been focused on real estate market and the market analysis. But the studies on real estate training program development for real estate agents to improve their job performance are relatively short in numbers. Thus, this study shows empirical analysis of the needs for the training programs for real estate agents in Cheonan to improve their job performance. The results are as follows. First, in the survey of asking what educational contents they need in order to improve real estate agents` job performance, most of the respondents show their needs for the analysis of house`s value, legal knowledge, real estate management, accounting, real estate marketing, and understanding of the real estate policy. This is because they are well aware that the best way of responding to the changing clients` needs comes from training programs. Secondly, asked about real estate marketing strategies, most of respondents showed their awareness of new strategies to meet the needs of clients. This is because new forms of marketing strategies including internet ads are needed in the field as the paradigm including Information Technology changes. Thirdly, asked about the need for real estate-related training programs, 92% of the respondents answered they need real estate education programs run by the continuing education centers of the universities. In addition, the survey showed their needs for retraining programs that utilize the resources in the local universities. Other than this, to have effective and efficient training programs, they demanded running a training system by utilizing the human resources of the universities under the name of the department of `Real Estate Contract` for real estate agents` job performance. Fourthly, the survey revealed real estate management(44.2%) and real estate marketing(42.3%) is the most chosen contents they want to take in the regular course for improving real estate agents` job performance. This shows their will to understand clients` needs through the mind of real estate management and real estate marketing. The survey showed they prefer the training programs as an irregular course to those in the regular one. Despite the above results, this study chose subjects only in Cheanan and thus it needs to research more diverse areas. The needs of programs to improve real estate agents job performance should be analyzed empirically targeting the real estate agents not just in Cheonan but also cities like Pyeongchon, Ilsan and Bundang in which real estate business is booming, as well as undergraduate and graduate students whose major is real estate studies. These studies will be able to provide information to help develop the customized training programs by evaluating elements that real estate agents need in order to meet clients satisfaction and improve their job performance. Many variables of the program development learned through these studies can be incorporated in the curriculum of the real estate studies and used very practically as information for the development of the real estate studies in this fast changing era.


A 2-year livetrapping study on Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) on Reifel Island in the Fraser River delta in British Columbia, Canada, showed that there was an early stop to summer breeding in the peak phase summer compared with the increasing phase summer. Selective dispersal and death of early-maturing voles may account for this result. A delay occurred in the onset of breeding in the decline phase. Voles in peak density populations had the highest median weights at sexual maturity, and males matured at heavier weights than did females.


The first ICUs appeared in the mid-1950s in the wake of a dramatic worldwide polio epidemic. For the next 30 years, progress in mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, management of multiple trauma, shock states, and/or metabolic disorders was steady and spectacular. Obviously such an improvement in clinical skills was closely linked to frantic research developments. Indeed, the decades of the 1970s and 1980s were the golden age of clinical research, with practically no legal or ethical constraints and minimal oversight [1]. During this era before randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), most of ICU research was physiologically oriented, with small cohort studies. Research and care were closely intertwined, the patients conveniently unconscious and their families kept out of the ICU. Multicenter controlled trials were not implemented until the 1990s. Since then, large and expensive RCTs have become the cornerstone of knowledge, reinforced by the overwhelming wave of the newly discovered evidence-based medicine (EBM).


The Dinarides‐Hellenides result from underthrusting of the Adriatic margin during Africa‐Europe convergence. In Albania, they consist of (1) a western zone of nappes derived from Adria; (2) a central belt made up of the Mirdita ophiolites; and (3) an eastern zone, the Korabi‐Pelagonia zone, of Variscan basement overlain by Permian to Mesozoic rift deposits and carbonates. Some authors interpret the Korabi‐Pelagonia zone as a microcontinent between the Mirdita‐Pindos oceanic basin to the west and the eastern Vardar oceanic basin to the east; other regard the Korabi‐Pelagonia zone as a tectonic window below a single ophiolitic nappe. This contribution argues for a far‐traveled thrust sheet. The Mirdita ophiolites are 165–160 Ma. The metamorphic sole yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages of 171 to 162 Ma. The Korabi‐Pelagonia zone is subdivided into the Korabi and Gjegjan subzones. The structural analysis of these rocks supports the rooting of the Mirdita ophiolites in the Western Vardar zone. The post‐Variscan cover sequence of the Korabi subzone records two phases of deformation: D1 is associated with a SE dipping to flat‐lying schistosity axial planar to NW verging folds and thrust faults, related to ophiolite obduction; D2 is a postobduction NNE trending crenulation cleavage. Published zircon fission track analyses yielded 150–125 Ma, suggesting that regional metamorphism is Early Cretaceous or older. K‐Ar mica ages from correlative rocks of Macedonia cluster between 148 and 130 Ma, indicating that D1 is Late Jurassic. A west directed obduction is favored, as is a rooting east of the Mirdita ophiolites because of the top‐to‐the‐west structural polarity of obduction‐related deformation.


This study aims to recognize the meta-cognitive thinking skills of Arabic teachers and their basic stage students in Jordan. An observation form list which proved credible and consistent was used to identify these skills which consisted of three main domains distributed onto sub-skills for each domain. Thirty-six tenth grade classes of 6 Arabic teachers at 6 schools in the Irbid city, Jordan, were observed. The meta-cognitive skills used by the teachers and their students were registered. Findings show that the skills highly centered on domains of planning, monitoring, and controlling. Evaluation domain, findings reflect considerable drop though. Therefore, the study presents several suggestions and recommendations. Key words : skills, meta-cognitive thinking, basic stage.


Most important characters of plant are quantitative ones. In order to manipulate genes of these quantitative traits, men have been trying for a long time to explain their genetic laws. Development of modern molecular biological technology makes it possible to map and to separate genes of quantitative traits. This article summarizes some fields in quantitative traits for plant, such as population types and their characteristics, methods of mapping quantitative trait loci, researching status of QTL, fine mapping, clone and application of QTL, and furthermore, gives an expectation on QTL research in future.


In the attention economy era,in order to attract audience eyeballs,TV media must attach great importance to management,to seek survival and development.Hong Kong-based Phoenix Satellite TV broadcast twelve years,from a single channel with five channels to develop into a network,a media published Fleet,and in 2000 in Hong Kong-listed Phoenix Satellite TV,"Global Chinese Media" brand has been popular,in the Chinese-speaking world have far-reaching effects.This article by Phoenix Satellite TV brand marketing strategy analysis,to the domestic TV media in the implementation of brand marketing for reference.


Project Management involves the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently. Three common factors that influence the performance of a particular project are time, cost and resources. To satisfy all these factors, appropriate project management approaches need to be adopted. This paper presents a review of project management techniques and optimization methods that can be applied for project management to ensure the successful implementation of a project. The Work Breakdown System (WBS), Gantt chart, Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) are evaluated in order to reveal their strength and weaknesses.Likewise, the optimization techniques such as Ant Colony (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm (PSO) are discussed to assess the possibility of integrating these techniques with the traditional project management methods. The review indicates that the most suitable approaches to be adopted in small to medium project management were identified as Ant Colony and CPM/PERT. Subsequently, systematic convergence of these approaches, can minimise the overall project cost, time and resources whilst improving project performance.


ABSTRACT Fish Fauna Diversity of upper Tabalong basin area, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan. A survey was done to examine the freshwater fish fauna of the upper Tabalong area, with emphasis on the PT. AYI production forest area, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province. Field work done 13 - 28 June 2001. Fish were sampled at 26 sites in upper Tabalong, within the Tabalong Kiwa catchment above Panaan, on the Lou tributary of the Kumap River, and on the Ayu tributary of the Tabalong Kanan river. Sampling was done using a variety of methods including siene net, cast net, and gill net, hook and line, rotenone and electrical shock 120 volt. A total of 93 fish species were recorded, in 34 genera and 11 families. The fish fauna of upper Tabalong is typical of that in rivers systems in Kalimantan, in that is dominated by Cyprinidae family 45 species (48.4%) in 18 genera, 28 species (30.1%) in five genera of which are in the Balitoridae, five species (5.4%) in two genera of Mastacembelidae, four Species (4.3%) in two genera of Bagridae, Sisoridae, Channidae and Tetraodontidae each three Species (3.2%) in one genera, two (2.1%) in two genera of Cobitidae, and the end Clariidae, Synbranchidae and Osphronemidae each one species (1.1%) in one genera. Five species of fish are new record of distrbution to Borneo, one species may be New species (in process). Keywords: Diversity, fish, species, abundance, Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan


Over the past decade, the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect has emerged as an observational probe of the distribution of baryons and velocity fields in the late Universe. Of the many ways to detect the kSZ, the 'projected-fields kSZ estimator' has the promising feature of not being limited to galaxy samples with accurate redshifts. The current theoretical modeling of this estimator involves an approximate treatment only applicable at small scales. As the measurement fidelity rapidly improves, we find it necessary to move beyond the original treatment and hence derive an improved theoretical model for this estimator without these previous approximations. We show that the differences between the predicted signal from the two models are scale-dependent and will be significant for future measurements from the Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 in combination with galaxy data from WISE or the Rubin Observatory, which have high forecasted signal-to-noise ratios ($>100$). Thus, adopting our improved model in future analyses will be important to avoid biases. Equipped with our model, we explore the cosmological dependence of this kSZ signal for future measurements. With a Planck prior, residual uncertainty on $\Lambda$CDM parameters leads to $\sim7\%$ marginalized uncertainties on the signal amplitude, compared to a sub-percent level forecasted with a fixed cosmology. To illustrate the potential of this kSZ estimator as a cosmological probe, we forecast initial constraints on $\Lambda$CDM parameters and the sum of neutrino masses, paving the way for jointly fitting both baryonic astrophysics and cosmology in future analyses.


1. Changes in membrane and action potentials of cat spinal motoneurones during acute asphyxiation and re‐oxygenation were recorded with an intracellular technique.


Reactions of examinees to 2 scoring instructions were evaluated for 2-, 3-, and 5-alternative multiple-choice items. Examinees were more favorable toward the "reward for omitted items" than the "penalty for wrongs" instructions across all numbers of item alternatives.


Recent crises in Europe have fundamentally shaken the continent's selfunderstanding as a post-geopolitical space. In the early 2010s, the European sovereign debt crisis prompted a new rift between the predominantly Northern European creditor nations and their indebted Southern European counterparts. Symptoms of European disintegration ranged from economic nationalism to the rise of the Eurosceptic right. Moreover, the crisis management architecture that was devised to deal with this turmoil triggered fears, particularly in the South, that European integration had been hijacked by a new German hegemon. Whilst the European Union was still dealing with the most significant crisis in its history, the 2014 Ukrainian uprising showed the world that some Europeans were willing to turn to street-level violence in the name of 'Europe'. It is in this political climate that I will review three recent books that take the dynamics of European integration and disintegration as their subject. The late Ulrich Beck's short book German Europe is concerned with the post-crisis European order. In an attempt to update his famous thesis on the risk society, Beck holds that much like other crises that confront


Develop conceptual system designs for • photobiological, dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis hydrogen production systems. Leverage strengths of each production method to • create integrated hydrogen producing systems that improve upon individual systems. Calculate capital costs, operating costs and • feedstock costs for conceptual systems. Compute levelized hydrogen costs for conceptual • design. Determine key factors affecting cost estimates. •


The invention relates to a pairing technique of a device (10-12) with a coordinator entity (20) of a private wireless network (1). The coordinating entity obtains an identifier of the device to be paired and an identifier of own temporary network device. The device to be paired transmit to the coordinator entity in the temporary network a request to link the temporary network. The coordinating entity then transmits the temporary network device an encryption key associated with the private wireless network and an identifier of the private network, and then controls a switching of the device of the temporary network to the wireless private network. then the device to pair restarts on the private network and transmits on a private network association request to the private network. The coordinating entity and the identified device are then associated.


We classified red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) sites from northern Maine by radial growth release history. Two major releases were apparent for a majority of the sites. The first was a reduction and subsequent increase in radial increment in 1920. The second was an increase in radial increment from 1935 to 1955. Red spruce radial growth reduction in the 1960s is apparent only for sites released from 1935 to 1955 (approximately 54% of the sites in this study). These sites are now approaching the radial growth rates of the unreleased stands. Birch dieback is suggested as a probable contributor to the 1935–1955 red spruce growth increase and subsequent 1960s growth reduction.


The invention discloses a method for stimulating multiple serial ports by a USB interface for transmitting data and a USB compound device, belonging to the field of data communications. The method comprises the following steps of: transmitting the control information of each simulated serial port on a shared control information interface according to a preset coding mode, wherein the preset coding mode contains the identification information of a simulated port corresponding to the current transmitted control information, and the shared control information interface is a pair of logic connection points EP of the USB interface; transmitting the data information of the simulated serial port on each data interface, wherein the data interface is a pair of EPs beside the EP occupied by the shared control information interface in the USB interface. The device comprises a control information transmission module and a data information transmission module. The method for transmitting the data by the multiple stimulated serial ports of the USB interface and the USB compound device ensure that fewer EP resources are occupied when the USB interface simulates multiple serial ports, and more serial ports can be virtualized.


Syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) can suggest Marfan, vascular Ehlers–Danlos or Loeys–Dietz (LDS) syndromes. Several of the TGFβ‐pathway‐related genes predispose to different types of LDS. Heterozygous loss‐of‐function variations in TGFβ2 have been shown to be responsible for a novel form of syndromic TAAD associated with an impairment of the mitral valve and cerebrovascular disease called Loeys–Dietz syndrome type 4 (LDS4). We report the clinical characterization of a LDS4 French family with sudden deaths and diffuse vascular lesions, caused by a frameshift mutation in TGFβ2 gene: c.[995del]; p.(Leu332TrpfsTer27). Clinical characteristics include aneurysm of aortic sinus, skeletal and cutaneous features compatible with a syndromic form of TAAD (joint hypermobility, scoliosis, and easy bruises), intracranial aneurysms and rare mitral valve involvement. Iliac aneurysms, systemic medium caliber arteries dissections, and mild developmental delay were present in the family, and have not been described in LDS4. Phenotypic variability was also an important finding, including absence of clinical vascular events at advanced age in one case. Our data expand the phenotype of LDS4: we confirm that TGFβ2 mutations are responsible for true LDS syndrome with non‐specific features of connective tissue disorders and diffuse vascular lesions. Adapted vascular follow up and prevention has to be proposed for these patients.


Abstract : The objective of this report is to define user planning requirements for tactical nuclear weapon employment. It identifies the nuclear planning employment functions at corps and division echelons, the interfaces among these functions and the interfaces between these functions and other command and control (C2) functions. It is intended that it be used as the basic requirements document for the automation of the nuclear employment planning process as part of the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS). The Functional Description (Volume II) of the report provides a menu of functions (processes) which, depending on the phase of nuclear employment must be performed to plan for the use of nuclear weapons at corps and division echelons. The processes have been decomposed to five levels of resolution. Commander's guidance as it applies to nuclear employment planning is discussed separately in the Main Report and interwoven throughout the data flow diagrams, functional descriptions and the data dictionary. All of these elements make up this report and must be viewed together to get the overall picture of the Operational Nuclear Employment Planning Process. (jhd)


ECSA (Engineering Council of South Africa) has in recent years published a competency standard which defines the competence required for registration as a professional engineer (see R-02-PE). In terms of this standard, competence must be demonstrated within "complex engineering activities". ECSA's Guide to the Competency Standards for Registration as a Professional Engineer (R-08-PE) suggests that "competence" is "the possession of the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to perform the activities within the professional category to the standards expected in independent employment or practice."


Abstract In the dense-inertial regime of granular flow, the stresses scale inertially, but the flow is dominated by clusters of particles. This paper describes observations of cluster development in this regime. Clusters were seen to form for both elastic and inelastic reasons: elastic when the shear rate pushes the particles together faster than the contacts can elastically disperse them, and inelastic as large energy dissipation leads to cluster formation. Furthermore, large particle surface friction leads to cluster formation both for structural reasons, because it generates stronger clusters, and for energetic reasons, as friction dissipates energy. However, the most intriguing result of this work is that clusters appear to have little effect on the rheology of the dense inertial regime, which suggests that one can model the dense inertial regime with entirely collisional hard sphere models, and not have to worry about the complexities of modelling clusters. But at the same time it presents a physical puzzle, as one would normally expect the rheology to be strongly dependent on microstructural features such as clusters, particularly as they present an elastic pathway for internal momentum transport. There is no completely satisfying explanation for why the clusters can be ignored, but two possibilities suggest themselves. Because the clusters are short-lived, it is possible that they do not survive long enough to make a significant contribution to the momentum transport. And it is also possible for the granular temperature that governs transport between clusters to act as a rate-limiting bottleneck that is in overall control of the momentum transport rate.


Using a large cross section of intraday data from 25 developed countries, we study commonality in liquidity, both within and across international equity markets, over 15‐minute intervals. Within‐country and cross‐border liquidity commonalities are found to be significant and, after controlling for country and industry effects, relate to such firm‐specific measures as size, bid–ask spread, and the extent of analyst coverage. Additionally, within‐country liquidity commonality is lower for firms with depository receipts cross listed in New York or London. Cross‐border liquidity commonality is particularly high for firms with relatively high actual ownership by foreign institutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:630–652, 2009


HPLC module, using a combination of a compound dedicated hardware to realize the line clearance between the different radiolabeled synthetic steps, comprising a plurality of compounds dedicated HPLC injection valve, and each of the inlet valve is connected in series fluid HPLC leading to the column and UV flow cell to prevent cross-contamination occurring between the different stages of radiopharmaceutical synthesis. This module comprises radioactivity detection, fraction collection, preparation, and the disposable fluid path from each of the UV flow cell that permits the final product dispensing. In this way, the level of GMP-compliant suitable to meet the requirements of the site license MHRA approval is achieved. .BACKGROUND 9


This study describes a new methodology—the cold pressor gel test (CPGT)—for delivering an accessible experimental pain stimulus, which is reproducible and safe for functional MRI (fMRI).


Sir, The correspondence (1986;55:112-3) arising out of the paper by Dr Walker and colleagues' prompts us to make the following comments. We agree with Dr Walker that the conclusions of the study should be confined to the specific clinical setting and should not be extended to encompass the view that it is never harmful to stop atenolol abruptly in patients with coronary artery disease. Walker et al saw no serious coronary events in 20 patients with stable angina in the six days after atenolol was stopped. This is not surprising because few would regard the risk of serious consequences from abrupt / blocker withdrawal as being high under these circumstances. They also noted no rebound in heart rate or blood pressure measured daily-this is also not surprising because these variables were recorded under unstressed conditions (which is why the earlier formal investigations into the phenomenon produced negative results). Furthermore, they saw no rebound in the consequences of treadmill exercise testing five days after atenolol was stopped-again this is not unexpected since these tests were probably on the late side and treadmill exercise is not the only form, and not necessarily the most potent form, of sympathetic stimulation to which patients may be exposed. These negative findings certainly do not demonstrate that the phenomenon of ,B adrenergic hypersensitivity is absent after treatment with atenolol has been stopped, nor that it wouid be safe to ignore the possibility of this consequence in clinical practice. The manifestation of increased (B adrenergic sensitivity as it gradually declines after the end of ,B blocker treatment will depend upon the net level of ( adrenoceptor stimulation, and this in turn will depend upon the competition between sympathetic drive and the declining concentration of the (B blocking drug. Our data showed that the phenomenon is indeed present after atenolol is stopped; under the particular circumstances of our study (in which heart rate was measured when the patient was standing after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate) the rebound was significantly greater for the group as a whole only at four days and not at five days. It occurred 2-3 days after propranolol, oxprenolol, "slow release" oxprenolol, and acebutolol.2 3 Exercise, moreover, is only one way of increasing sympathetic drive, and the increased sympathetic drive with exercise is only one component cause of the increase in heart rate and myocardial energy requirements. Emotional stress, the reflex response to vasodilator drugs, or operation, can all cause very high ,B adrenergic activity and it would not be wise to regard this as always being innocent.


Chemical composition and it`s influences on the potentially digestible fractions and fermentation rates of alfalfa and orchardgrass were estimated in in vitro method. Alfalfa and orchardgrass were harvested at early bloom and late vegetative stages, respectively. Alfalfa had lower cell wall constituents (CWC) and higher lignin content than orchardgrass, and lignin and cellulose ratios were 0.26 in alfalfa and 0.13 in orchardgrass. Potentially digestible dry matter, cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose were 57.3%, 37.4%, 41.6% and 63.59% in alfalfa and 73.1%, 59.9%, 61.5% and 86.6%, respectively in orchardgrass. Fermentation rates per hour (0-72 hour) of dry matter, CWC, ADF and cellulose were 0.66%, 0.70%, 0.59% and 1.17% in alfalfa and 1.21%, 0.90%, 1.00% and 2.21 % in orchardgrass, respectively, which were much higher in orchardgrass, but the potentially digestible fractions were ranged from 4.32% to 5.30% in alfalfa and from 3.21% to 4.39% in orchardgrass, which were higher in alfalfa.