Customers' voluntary behaviors (i.e., customer citizenship behaviors, CCBs) are of ever-increasing interest, given that they produce extraordinary value for service providers. Whether customer perceived support (CPS) from service providers leads to CCBs has remained largely understudied in service marketing literature. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms through which CPS can result in CCBs receives even less attention in previous studies. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the influence of CPS on target-based CCBs (customer- and firm-oriented CCBs), and the mediating roles of two important relational factors (customer-based brand reputation (CBR) and customer satisfaction (CS) in the relationship between CPS and CCBs in the context of after-sales service. Structural equation modeling using AMOS was employed to empirically test the hypotheses on survey data from 368 Chinese smartphone customers. The results showed that CPS positively influenced firm-oriented CCBs, while there was no direct link between CPS and customer-oriented CCBs. Furthermore, CBR and CS mediated the relationship between CPS and CCBs, respectively. This research contributed greater clarity and a better understanding of how CPS effectively boosts CBR and CS to encourage customers' voluntary behaviors desired by service providers. al ., 2014), are defined as customers' voluntary behaviors that go beyond the company's expectations and are not necessary for customer value co- creation but increase the firm's performance by producing extraordinary value (Groth, 2005). Empirical evidence has demonstrated that such customers' voluntary behavior can be conducive to service organizations' performance, value co creation, favorable relationships with customers, and effective performance of marketing strategies (Choi and Lotz, 2018). Despite the positive effects of CCBs, largely recognized by academicians and practitioners, research on its antecedents remains limited.


The state of pine tree plantations along the Novomoskovsky highway has been studied. Specific features of the forest stand structure are ascertained. The sanitary evaluation of trees is done. The trees are distributed into categories according to their state, the indices of their damage extent are determined. It is noted that the situation with the forest stands in the roadside zone has worsened.


In [1] , the authors' names were truncated in the byline. The authors' full names appear above. The IEEE regrets the error.


This paper revisits the normative properties of search-matching economies when homogeneous workers have concave utility functions and wages are bargained over. The optimal allocation of resources is characterized first when information is perfect and second when search effort is not observable. In the former case, employees should be unable to extract a rent. The optimal marginal tax rate is then 100%. As search effort becomes unobservable, an appropriate positive rent is needed and the optimal marginal tax rate is lower. Moreover, the pretax wage is lower in order to boost labor demand. Finally, in both cases, nonlinear income taxation is a key complement to unemployment insurance.


Architectural programming is the research work of the project's overall construction upon approval of the comprehensive planning and before the architectural design. This research work can effectively improve the scientificity of the project decisions, guarantee the scientific and orderly implementation of the project, and thus, promote its sustainable development, and sustain the overall balance of economic benefit, environment benefit and social benefit. This article takes the building of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University as an example and plans to employ the architectural programming in the preliminary planning for the renovation design of the courtyard space, hoping to provide some guidance to the renovation design of the building.


The characteristics of Chongqing social fabric are "big rural area, big mountainous area, and big reservoir area" with large number of rural household registration. However, with the process of new urbanization, most rural household registration moved to urban and lives there, and the 18th National Party Congress firstly defined this group as Transferring Agricultural People. Whereas, low coverage of their social insurance becomes the handicap of the survival and development in urban, and lead to a new dual structural contradiction that needs to be solved timely. This article makes the low coverage of transferring agricultural people social insurance as the clue to explore the deficiency of Chongqing local government governance mechanism, and then provides some appropriated strategies.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the world's most serious health and nation-state destructions. It creates long-term economic and psychosocial impact on the lives of individuals, families and communities. Since the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia in 1986, its prevalence has escalated significantly. As of December 2017, there are over 115,263 reported cases of HIV infections in the country and over 40,000 people died from HIV/AIDS.1 Although many religious people regarded HIV infection as a divine punishment for their sins of sexual promiscuity, Islamic teaching emphasises the prevention of the disease and care for people living with HIV or AIDS. It is imperative to discuss the Islamic perspectives in providing ways to prevent the spread of HIV and support to people living with HIV (PLHIV). This article focuses on epidemiological data; highlight the burden of HIV infection/AIDS in Malaysia and its impact on the society, HIV infection from medical perspective and its preventive measures from Islamic viewpoints. A good teamwork among healthcare providers and religious leaders is compulsory as it may improve the preventive strategies to curb the disease in the country.


The SBa galaxy NGC 4596 is characterized on the basis of CCD photometry obtained with a broad red filter on the 61-cm telescope at Whipple Observatory during January 1986 and long-slit CCD spectra obtained with the 4-m telescope at KPNO in May 1988 and with the MMT in March 1989. The results are presented graphically and analyzed in detail. Three components are identified: (1) an oblate spheroidal bulge with true ellipticity 0.26 and luminosity 4.7 x 10 to the 9th solar luminosities, (2) a 10.0 x 2.6-kpc rectangular bar with luminosity 6.7 x 10 to the 9th solar luminosities, and (3) a lens of constant intensity with luminosity 3.9 x 10 to the 9th solar luminosities out to a distance of 8.7 kpc. The characteristic slowdown time is calculated as 6-20 Gyr, and the velocity field is shown to deviate less from circular rotation than predicted by a simple dynamical model in which the disk kinematics are derived from an n-body simulation (Sparkle and Sellwood, 1987) and the bulge is assumed to be an oblate isotropic rotator. 31 refs.


Alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl alkylphosphonates and alkyl diethylphosphinates was studied in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide. The behaviour of these acyclic phosphorus esters is very similar to that of some cyclic phosphorus esters. Rate constants were measured at three temperatures over a 30°C range, and the activation functions of the reaction were estimated. The basic hydrolytic process was proved to be a bimolecular AE reaction. Multiple regression analyses involving rate constants and substituent parameters gave, as a rule, poor results using steric constants derived from carbon compounds. However, the substituent steric effect on the rate of hydrolysis of phosphonates and phosphinates studied correlated very well with ΔΔE, representing the difference in steric energy calculated by molecular mechanics. It is attributed to the various degrees of susceptibility of carbon and phosphorus atoms to the steric hindrance of the substituents. Moreover, Newman's rule of six for the hydrolytic reaction of carboxylates was completely eliminated in phosphorus ester hydrolysis.


This article raises the important question as to why cooking, a seemingly mundane practice, performs social and cultural functions that go much beyond cooking, cooking instructions, and food preparation, and specifically how it functions in a media context. By integrating theories about inquiry, discourse analysis, gender, and sociolinguistics, the article makes an important contribution to the growing literature on contemporary discourse in the media. The research was conducted on popular television cooking channels, the Food Network and the Cooking Channel, and involved close analyses of a sample of instructional cooking shows. The article is an exploration of social and communicative dynamics inherent in cooking, especially from the public discourse of contemporary cooking shows.


Byzantine construction materials and techniques of the fourth to sixth centuries ce continue Roman traditions.

Keywords:

arts and architecture;
Byzantine history;
Late Antiquity


Staurogyne caobangensis D.V. Hai & Joongku Lee (Acanthaceae), a new species from Vietnam is described and illustrated. It has a densely-flowered inflorescence and several unique features of bracts, bracteoles, calyx and fruits. It is morphologically similar to S. chapaensis, S. petelotii and S. sesamoides. Illustrations, description, ecology, and habitat information of the new species as well as an identification key to the Vietnamese species of Staurogyne are provided.


Good communication is a main requirement in establishing any relationship, especially family relationship. If communication does not run well, a family will lead to ruin. Relationship between parents and children or husband and wife will become tenuous, if it is not based on a strong foundation of communication. Thus, the communication will affect the pattern of parenting. With good communication pattern, it is expected to create a good upbringing. Parenting activities will run well if they are based on love and affection by positioning the child as a subject that must be nurtured and educated, not as mere objects. Kata kunci: keluarga, komunikasi, model stimulus-respons


Human-induced environmental problems are cascading and increasingly affecting the ecosystem, human health and well-being. Human activities, awareness and habits are of paramount importance in remedying the current state of environment. The shaping of attitude, values, perception, commitment and practice of human beings necessary to preserve and protect the environment is closely associated with their belief, worldview, tradition and culture. Hence, religion plays an influential role in developing new patterns of behavior toward the environment. In the context of Malaysia, it is evident that the condition of the environment in Malaysia is worsening as the country continues to industrialize dramatically. As a country with over 60% Muslims, it is necessary to look at environmental preservation from an Islamic perspective. Therefore, this study aims to determine how knowledge and understanding of Islamic teachings of the environment is important. The subjects were 400 Muslim individuals across Malaysia who were randomly selected from different organizations, universities and companies. A web-based survey was conducted using an online collection method. The data analysis illustrated that Islamic environmental awareness has strong association or significant influence with environmental awareness and environmental protection. It specifies that the more Muslim communities in Malaysia are aware about Islamic environmentalism, the more they are aware of their own environment, and consequently, the more they are willing to protect it. Furthermore, the findings also indicate that environmental awareness is positively related to environmental protection. It stipulates that the greater the level of invironmental awareness, they greater the level of environmental protection.


—On the advent of Industry 4.0, there is an increasing demand in software for robot modelling and simulation. Most currently available solutions runs natively on the user system which cuts down on the availability and also takes a toll on the computing resources. The idea of this paper is to develop a novel robotics simulation software that runs out-of-the-box in a web-browser. It doesn't need installations and high computing resources. Any machine capable of running a web-browser can test and use this simulation software. Major objective remains to target the didactics and educational market where students can learn and validate kinematic equations visually by running them directly on a robot or on a simulated version of the same.[6]


Nursing is a subject that has grown exponentially in terms of number of published articles, as shown by the analysis of data on the SCImago Journal & Country Rank from 2000 to 2010, in which was seen both an exponential increase in the number of documents published by both countries and the rise in the ranking of countries (with the theme "Nursing"), from the 26th to the 6th position in Brazil and from the 47th to the 39th in Portugal.


The rapid development of new "civilization diseases" is one of the negative manifestations of modern technological progress. These diseases include obesity, atherosclerosis, allergy, depression and others. Some of them are still difficulty treated. This fact significantly affects the level of human development. The cause of the problem is the lack of basic researches and the lack of medicines for treatment. Considering these facts, scientists of medical and pharmaceutical industry are working on actual problems. Aim. We have synthesized a series of new 5-(phenoxymethyl)-4-R-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles and have conducted its oxidation to corresponding 3-alkylsulfonylderivatives to create new original drugs. Methods and results. Twenty new chemical compounds have been received and its structure has been set using modern physical and chemical methods of analysis. Conclusion. This fact suggests the possibility to carry out further biological experiments.


FIELD: electronics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to icing detection systems. Method of icing conditions detecting in aircraft flight involves, that processing unit determines actual power (Wr), developed by gas turbine engine, and theoretical power (Wt), which said gas turbine engine can theoretically develop. Theoretical power (Wt) is defined depending on theoretical model, which represents power depending on gas turbine engine gas generator rotation speed. Processing unit determines difference (e) between said actual power (Wr) and said theoretical power (Wt). Processing unit generates alarm signal for warning on icing conditions presence, when said difference (e) of power exceeds predetermined power threshold (SP) during time exceeding time threshold (STPS), and when temperature (T0) outside aircraft is within from lower temperature threshold (SINF) to upper temperature threshold (SSUP). EFFECT: invention makes it possible to automatically determine presence of icing conditions during flight. 18 cl, 2 dwg


This article aims to deepen and study about curriculum 2013 and the implementation at madrasah. Since stand it Indonesia country several curriculum that is used and developed, that is in year 1947, 1952, 1964, 1968, 1975, 1994, and 2004, 2006 (KTSP), and bot left behind also newest curriculum that applieds at school year 2013/2014, that is curriculum 2013. Curriculum change done to answer period challenge the change so that entrant educates to can to complete at future. Curriculum 2013 called also with curriculum based on character. Curriculum 2013 be a curriculum that give top priority in comprehension, skill, and education with character, where entrant educate to demanded to understand on matter, mobile in course of discuse and presentation with has manner and atitude discipline tall.Goverment passes education minitry and culture operative curriculum implementation 2013 school year 2013/2014 to a part general school. Temporary to madrasah, leave from circular letter that signinged director general Pendis number SE/Dj.I/PP.00/50/2013 about curriculum implementation 2013 in madrasah, new religion ministry implementation curriculum 2013 to Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI), Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) and Madrasah Aliyah (MA) begin school year 2014/2015, applied in MI level at I class and IV, level MTs class VII and level MA class X. In the end, every curriculum certain has surplus and deficit each, for the reason wes must permanent support goverment effort to repair education quality in Indonesi by creat entrant educate that believe in, pious, have a certain character noble, well, learned, capable, creative, self-supporting, and be democratic citizen with responsibles by fulfil period development.


Summary form only given. Pulsed laser fluorescence microscopy (PLFM) using the voltage sensitive dye ANNINE-6 permits measurements of transmembrane potentials of biological cells with a time resolution of five nanoseconds. Several theories have been proposed to explain the change of the membrane conductivity in response to an external electric field, e.g. pore-models, phase transitions due to electro-compression or local disturbances in the membrane caused by lipid rafts. The measured field-strength-dependence of the transmembrane potential of both mammalian and plant cells exhibits a saturation character which is supposed to occur due to the formation of nano/micropores. For mammalian cells with a typical diameter of 15 mum saturation effects set in at external field strengths in the order of 1 kV/cm. For tobacco-protoplasts (BY-2) with an average size three times the diameter of mammalian cells, the same saturation effect can be observed at about one third of the saturation field strength, observed for mammalian cells. This confirms the general expectations of current membrane charging models. Furthermore, protoplasts exhibit a strong asymmetry of the membrane charging at the hyper- and depolarized hemisphere of the cell, which occurs due to the higher rest potential compared to mammalian cells. The threshold transmembrane voltage for the onset of pore formation has been estimated to an absolute value of +/-200 mV. In addition, time- and field-strength-dependencies of the transmembrane potential's azimuthal distribution have been examined. Time-courses of the transmembrane potential in response to an electric field pulse show a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Results for HEK293, HeLa and 22Rv1 cells as well as for tobacco-protoplasts will be presented and the underlying measurement setup will be described.


Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate digital reference services at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) and the University of Namibia (UNAM) library. Two aspects were evaluated, namely, "resources" and "elements of the general digital reference model".

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a descriptive case study approach and used qualitative research methods, which comprised interviews and an observation checklist. The population consisted of librarians working at NUST and UNAM Library.

Findings

The research findings showed that these libraries used the general digital reference model in providing responses to the library users. The study established that the two libraries did not follow the International Federation of Library Associations and Reference and User Services Association standards of staffing and training of librarians working with digital reference services. The study further found that a lack of ability to fully demonstrate to users how to access various library services was one of the major problems that the librarians experienced.

Research limitations/implications

The study was limited to two academic libraries: UNAM and NUST.

Originality/value

The study could contribute to a better understanding of digital reference services provided by NUST and the UNAM libraries and contribute to the body of knowledge on the subject of digital reference services, especially in an African context, where few studies have been conducted on this subject. The two libraries could use the findings to improve digital reference services, plan for intervention and develop the services.


The peridotite-H/sub 2/O-CO/sub 2/ solidus displays a cusp at approximately 22 kbar (corresponding to the intersection of the amphibole-out curve and the solidus). Low-temperature alkaline melts formed near the solidus at P>22 kbar will recross the solidus along the line of the cusp and, at lower pressures, react with wall-rocks. Depleted periodotite of the upper mantle may thus be enriched in low-melting components. Experimental studies on a join between carbonated alkaline rock and harzburgite at P=20 kbar demonstrate that carbonate is a supersolidus phase, except at high ratios of H/sub 2/O to CO/sub 2/, and that amphibole forms at temperatures very close to that of the solidus. Interaction of carbonated alkaline magma and harzburgite produces, with decreasing temperature, clinopyroxene, carbonate, and hornblende. Thus, two different kinds of carbonated 1herzolite source region may be formed. In the first case, a carbonated 1herzolite is formed in equilibrium with a residual magma. This 1herzolite will be enriched in Sr over Rb and in Nd over Sm, but not in U over Pb. Total consumption of the magma will produce a carbonate-amphibole-1herzolite and this will also be enriched in U over Pb. These two source regions will develop, with time, similar Sr-Nd isotopic characteristicsmore » (low /sup 87/Sr//sup 86/Sr and low /sup 143/Nd//sup 144/Nd), but will have very different Pb-isotopic ratios. The effects of minor minerals on the partitioning of trace elements may, however, by important, and these will also be discussed.« less


We have used three physicochemical methods, reverse phase gas chromatography, Calvet microcalorimetry and rheology to examine the kinetics of isothermal cross-linking in the polycondensation of epoxy-prepolymers with aromatic amines.

Gas chromatography results further define those obtained with gel time meter and rheological methods, and furnish not only a "gel point" but also a "gelling zone" for the two systems investigated.


The tympanum of the entrance of the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II in Fez contains the only known example of a dodecagonal cartwheel quasiperiodic pattern in Islamic art, dating possibly from the Merinid epoch. This pattern, carved in a marble plate, is based on a type of Ammann quasilattice known also from modern mathematical literature. The central portions of this pattern were used as elements in a periodic pattern on the walls of the Saadian mausoleum in Marrakech.


Aim To determine the content of metoclopramide hydrochloride injections by HPLC.Methods ODS-C18 column was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-acetate buffer(pH=4,containing 0.1%acetate buffer)(10∶15∶75)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was at 273 nm and the column temperature was 40℃.Results The linear range of metoclopramide was from 17.00 to 170.00 mg·L-1(r=0.9999).The average recovery was 99.9%(n=9).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and sensitive.It can be used for determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride injections.


1 Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis (Review) Copyright © 2014 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the treatment group (GCS) of 1391 units 126 developed DVT (9%) in comparison to the control group (without GCS) of 1354 units where 282 (21%) developed DVT. The Peto odds ratio (OR) was 0.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.41) with an overall effect favouring treatment with GCS (P < 0.00001). Based on results from eight included studies, the incidence of proximal DVT was 7 of 517 (1%) units in the treatment group and 28 of 518 (5%) units in the control group. The Peto OR was 0.26 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.53) with an overall effect favouring treatment with GCS (P = 0.0002). Based on results from five included studies, the incidence of PE was 5 of 283 (2%) participants in the treatment group and 14 of 286 (5%) in the control group. The Peto OR was 0.38 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.96) with an overall effect favouring treatment with GCS (P = 0.04). Limited data were available to accurately assess the incidence of adverse effects and complications with the use of GCS. Authors' conclusions GCS are effective in diminishing the risk of DVT in hospitalised patients, with strong evidence favouring their use in general and orthopaedic surgery. However, evidence for their effectiveness in medical patients is limited to one trial. P L A I N L A N G U A G E S U M M A R Y Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis during a hospital stay Hospital patients can develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs and pelvic veins immediately after surgery or if they are not mobile because of a medical illness. Symptoms vary from none to pain and swelling in the legs. A blood clot can move from the leg to the lungs, with the danger of pulmonary embolism (PE) and death. Usually the DVT clears up or has long-term effects such as high venous pressure in the leg, leg pain, swelling, darkening of the skin or inflammation. DVT can be prevented using compression or drugs. Drugs may cause bleeding, which is a particular concern in surgical patients. Graduated compression stockings (GCS) help prevent blood clots forming in the legs by applying varying amounts of pressure to different parts of the leg. We identified 19 randomised controlled trials (2745 analytic units made up of 1681 individual patients and 1064 individual legs). Eight trials compared wearing stockings to no stockings and 10 compared stockings plus another method with that method alone in patients undergoing surgery. The other methods used were Dextran 70, aspirin, heparin, and mechanical sequential compression. Of the 19 trials, nine included patients undergoing general surgery, six included patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, and only one trial included medical patients. The compression stockings were applied on the day before surgery or on the day of surgery and were worn up until discharge or until the patients were fully mobile. In the majority of the included studies DVT was identified by the radioactive I uptake test. Overall, included studies were of good quality. Our review confirmed that GCS reduce the risk of DVT in hospitalised surgical patients. It also demonstrated that GCS may reduce the risk of developing DVT in the thighs (proximal DVT) and PE in such patients, though these results were based on a much smaller number of participants. The incidence of adverse effects and complications associated with wearing GCS was poorly reported in the included studies. Limited evidence was available for hospitalised medical patients, with only one study suggesting the effectiveness of GCS in preventing DVT in such patients.


Abstract Residents of affordable housing communities are growing older, and new residents are moving in at older ages. As these residents age, their need for services and supports increase. Approximately 5,200 housing communities subsidized by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) have a service coordinator on-site to help connect residents with needed services and resources. In 2021, the LeadingAge LTSS Center @UMass Boston (LTSS Center) conducted a process evaluation of the LSA Senior Connect Model, which was designed to build the capacity of service coordinators to better meet the needs of aging residents. The study activities included a review of program-related documents, analysis of resident assessments, interviews with staff, resident focus groups, and cost analysis. We will summarize the model's framework and tools, and discuss lessons learned from the process evaluation. Lessons for policy and practice will also be discussed.


A computer (114) with a display unit (116) on the objects (110 ') in one of several discrete detail depths (D Drive signals in two degrees of freedom (x, y, z, φ


For the actual situation that the class hours of "Technology of microwave and antenna"has been cut down,we are here to discuss how to Inoprove the teaching quality of classroom teaching,train to adapt to the new environment with independent learning ability and engineering practice ability of high-quality talent. It mainly includes four aspects:optimizing the allocation of class, enriching the teaching means, changing the experimental teaching mode, reforming teaching evaluation and examination way.


AIM:To investigate chemical components of the aerial parts(removing the ear) of Prunella vulgaris L..METHODS:The chemical components were isolated by column chromatography,and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.RESULTS:Twelve compounds were isolated,among which 9 and 10 were triterpenoid saponins,and the others were triterpenoids.Those compounds were identified as ursone(1),oleanolic acid(2),betulic acid(3),2α,3α-dihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(4),2α,3α,19α-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(5),2α,3β-dihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(6),2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(7),2α,3β,24-trihydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid(8),2α,3α,19α,24-tetrahydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-β-D-glucopranoside(9),2α,3β,19α,24-tetrahydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-β-D-glucopranoside(10),2α,3α,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(11) and 2α,3α,24-trihydroxy-lurs-12-en-28-oic acid(12).CONSULSIONS:Compounds 3,9 and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.And compounds 5,7 and 8 were isolated from Prunella for the first time.


The research planned for this PhD is concerned with resolving novel challenges of mobile information systems through adapting and tailoring requirements engineering techniques and assembling a thorough design pattern space. Both the requirements engineering techniques and the patterns will be concerned with the importance of non-functional requirements and focus on the idiosyncrasies of mobile solutions such as context-awareness, and the possibly unclear requirements and information needs of mobile workers. This lack of clarity can be compounded when reengineering business processes to mobile business processes. An anticipated result is that the requirements engineering techniques coupled with the pattern space can enable end-user tailoring and possibly even end-user development of mobile information systems through providing suitable requirements techniques, selected design patterns and through the pattern space enable a shared vocabulary that can aid in design decision communication.


Several free-electron laser experiments have been designed to address wavelength scaling, energy scaling, and operational efficiency. Two modes of FEL operation are being examined: amplifier and oscillator. Major program participants include Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and an industrial team led by the Boeing Aerospace Company.


The recently proposed magnetized liner inertial fusion approach to a Z-pinch driven fusion [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] is based on the use of an axial magnetic field to provide plasma thermal insulation from the walls of the imploding liner. The characteristic plasma transport regimes in the proposed approach cover parameter domains that have not been studied yet in either magnetic confinement or inertial confinement experiments. In this article, an analysis is presented of the scalability of the key physical processes that determine the plasma confinement. The dimensionless scaling parameters are identified and conclusion is drawn that the plasma behavior in scaled-down experiments can correctly represent the full-scale plasma, provided these parameters are approximately the same in two systems. This observation is important in that smaller-scale experiments typically have better diagnostic access and more experiments per year are possible.


Classical Antiquity. Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 141–177. ISSN 0278-6656(p); 1067-8344 (e). Copyright © 2006 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website at www.ucpress.edu/journals/rights.htm. Educating Croesus: Talking and Learning in Herodotus' Lydian Logos


The invention relates to an antivibration device between a motor unit 2 and a handle unit 9 of a portable handheld motor-driven chain saw 1. The antivibration device includes a sleeve-shaped elastic base body 6 having one of its ends 36 in a receptacle 20 of the motor unit 2 and the other end 46 in a receptacle 90 of the handle unit 9. The ends (36, 46) of the base body are fixed in the receptacles (20, 90) by axially engaging plugs (31, 41) in the end sections (30, 40). The guiding characteristics of the motor-driven chain saw are not affected by base bodies which become damaged or soft. This is so because at least one of the stops 31 has a coupling member 50 which bridges an axial spacing (z) between the plugs (31, 41) and projects into the other plug 41 and is latched so that it cannot be axially separated therefrom. A mechanical connection remains between the handle unit and the motor unit when the base body tears off.


Objective To establish a model of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in juvenile rabbits induced by glucocorticoid.Methods Sixty New Zealand albino rabbits (50% females and 50% males) aged two months (1.4-1.7 kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups:steroid injection group (SIG) and control group (CG).Prednisolone acetate of 7.5 mg/kg was injected into each rabbit for the SIG (n =48) and normal saline of 0.30ml/kg for the CG (n =12) twice a week for eight weeks.According to the diagnostic criteria for non-traumatic necrosis of femoral head of the Japan association of osteonecrosis multi-center,the SIG was further divided into the disease group (DG) and the non-disease group (NDG).X-ray and CT examination were performed at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after the first injection.Four rabbits of the SIG and two of the CG were sacrificed after 2,4,6 weeks,and the rest of the rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks.The cartilage of the femoral head and the subcartilaginous bone were examined by histopathology and transmission electronic microscope.Results At the end of the 8th week,7 of 31 rabbits developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the SIG with the incidence of 22.58%.In the SIG,the bone mineral density of femoral heads was increased evenly and the normal bone texture disappeared.The osteoepiphysis of the femoral heads in the SIG was smaller and the hip clearance was wider than those in the CG.The height of epiphysis in the SIG was also decreased compared to that in the CG.Along with the prolonged glucocorticoid given,symptoms gradually deteriorated.The bone trabeculae became sparser and thinner,and some of them were fractured and irregular in the SIG.At the end of the 8th week,the proportion of bone trabeculae was (34.56 ±6.14) % in the DG and (34.08 ± 6.30) % in the NDG respectively,with statistical difference compared to that in the CG [(53.12 ± 6.10) %,P<0.01].Osteocyte karyopyknosis and transformation were observed in the DG.The incidence of empty lacunae was (24.63 ± 6.83)% in the DG,which was significantly higher than that in the NDG (11.03 ± 3.67) % and that in in the CG (10.75 ± 2.16) %,(both,P<0.01).Along with the prolonged GC given,the bone cells shrank,the integrity of cell membranes was destructed,organelles were undetectable,the karyotheca was broken and separated,the chromatin was condensed and marginated,and lipid was found in some osteocytes.Conclusions Simple gluteal injection of GC can lead to avascular necrosis of femoral head in juvenile rabbits.

Key words:
Femur head necrosis;  Models,animal;  Rabbits;  Glucocorticoids


Abstract A highly specific and sensitive enzymatic assay for dihydrofolate has been developed. The method involves enzymatic conversion of dihydrofolate to methylenetetrahydrofolate with subsequent stoichiometric entrapment of this folate cofactor into a covalent, ternarv complex with thymidylate synthase and tritiated-fluorodeoxyuridylate. The detection limit in tissue extracts was 0.25 pmoles and reference dihydrofolate was quantitatively recovered in the range 0.25 to 2.00 pmoles by this procedure.


With the development of GMF,the safety of GMF has aroused the universal concern of the global.Making a right evaluation on the safety of GMF and intensifying the management of GMF have become important subjects for us.This paper discusses the safety assessment and potential hazard of GMF,and finally prospects the good future of the development of GMF.


Abstract : This research is aimed to define the molecular events mediating tumor cell migration during metastasis. Although myosin is required for motility, how force is generated to initiate and maintain directed movement of non-muscle cells remains poorly understood. We have two approaches to elucidate myosin-based motility with high spatial and temporal resolution. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged myosin II regulatory light chain (RLC) has allowed us to follow the reorganization of the myosin network during motility. Since RLC is regulated by multiple signals, further understanding of the signaling events cannot be accomplished without dynamic spatio-temporal dissection of the pathways. To accomplish this, we have generated a novel biosensor that allows us to simultaneously monitor the subcellular localization of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and its state of activation, we have characterized how myosin is regulated at various subcellular regions during cell motility. To establish a baseline for studies of breast cancer cells, we used PTK-2 epithelial cells to understand the role of myosin at the leading edge of motile cells. The MLCK-FIP biosensor has highlighted myosin function unlikely to be controlled. Our initial efforts have established the necessary techniques and the basic principles of MLCK-mediated non-muscle myosin regulation to characterize the fundamental differences in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton in non-invasive and the highly aggressive tumor breast cancer cells.


In order to verify its validity as a prognostic factor, this study investigated the relationship between Akt gene expression and its upstream regulator and downstream target genes, as well as the association between activated Akt expression and clinicopathological factors, E‐cadherin, mdm2, PCNA, and VEGF.


Purpose The study determined the feasibility of implementing a brief, preference‐based non‐medication insomnia treatment for Iraq/Afghanistan war Veterans who experienced blast and/or other injuries resulting in an altered level of consciousness. Methods The study used a one‐group pre‐post design with a 3‐month follow‐up assessment. Forty‐one veterans (two females, mean age 30.32 ± 7.73 years) with a mean insomnia duration of 3.90 years (±2.03) received treatment that included one in‐person and three telephone sessions of behavioral intervention and incorporated electronic delivery components. Feasibility indicators and preliminary treatment effectiveness were assessed. Findings Results indicate the preference‐based treatment was acceptable to veterans and feasible to implement. Treatment components delivered in‐person were used more than electronic methods. Insomnia decreased from moderate severity to the sub‐threshold range. Pre‐ to post‐treatment effect sizes were large for most sleep outcomes. Sleep improvement maintained at the 3‐month follow‐up assessment. Conclusion Further testing of a brief insomnia treatment model is needed. Clinical Relevance Successful insomnia treatment has the potential to maximize rehabilitation outcomes in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom veterans and may provide a non‐stigmatizing entry to mental health services.


MEN 15596 is a small molecule, potent and selective antagonist of NK(2) receptor, possessing high affinity and potency at the guinea-pig and human receptors whose pharmacological characterization has been recently published. Here we report how the corresponding class of compounds was derived from a tri-peptide library and the first optimization round to improve both in vitro activity and physicochemical properties.


Message Ferrying (MF) is a recently proposed scheme to restore a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) from partitioning. Despite of the effectiveness in partition restoration, it sometimes suffers from long delay caused by the poor design of ferry route. The Message Ferry Route (MFR) problem has earlier been studied to minimize this drawback of MF schemes. In this paper, we argue that a dynamic way of determining the ferry route would be more practical and effective for this problem. We thus define the dynamic MFR (dMFR) with more general and realistic assumptions than MFR. We propose a new routing scheme for dynamic message ferrying. The proposed scheme adopts the Shortest Process Time First (SPTF) rule for the Job Scheduling Problem (JSP), to construct ferry routes and is referred to as DyFeRo. From simulations, we show that DyFeRo can further shorten the average message delay from the existing schemes. With its simplicity and distributed nature, DyFeRo is a suitable solution for MANET partition restoration.


With 86 isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from diseased fruits of tomato, strawberry and cucumber, it was conducted to detect the fungicide resistance of B. cinerea against mepanipyrim through an agar dilution method. FGA medium was used for monitoring the resistance. Among 86 isolates of B. cinerea, resistant isolates were composed by 23.3%, which was different according to regions isolating the pathogen. In accordance with isolation region, the isolation frequency of resistant isolates was as follows; that of Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam/Pusan and chungnam was 28.6%, 33.3% and 12.8%, respectively. The resistant isolates of B. cinerea showed the cross resistance between mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil. Also the pathogenicity of B. cinerea resistant to mepanipyrim was high as like that of sensitive isolates. Because of them, it should be necessary to manage the spraying system of mepanipyrim and the monitoring for the fungicide resistance.


We report a novel fibre taper facility that allows tapering in the intermediate range of lengths of both standard and microstructured optical fibres. In particular, we examine issues related to the diameter fluctuations during tapering.


This paper analyses the legal capacity in the election legislation, including the differentiation between individual and collective rightsholders. The author considers the issue of inclusion of the power of citizens to participate in establishing the election results into the core of voting rights. The thesis about the peremptory nature of right to the judicial protection of voters is proved and the one about the influence of the electoral system type on the deprivation of voters' rights is disproved.


New Orleans is situated about 80 miles upstream from the Gulf of Mexico on a narrow strip of delta land between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. The article reviews some of the work the early settlers accomplished by filling canals that became wide boulevards, and eventually became important traffic arteries for vehicular traffic. The arterial plan developed in 1946 is the foundation for today's plan devised from recent traffic surveys; the plan, now adopted, will represent an investment of $370 million when completed.


The crystal structure, electronic properties, and sodium diffusion mechanism in Na5Sc(MoO4)4 were investigated using the powder X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrical conductivity measurements, as well as ab initio calculations. Na5Sc(MoO4)4 belongs to the family of alluaudite-type oxides NaxMy(AO4)3 (M = In, Sc, Mg, Cd, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni; A = Mo, W, P, As, and S), which are now considered as promising materials for sodium-ion batteries. Our results demonstrate a considerable difference in the mechanism of Na+ ion transport in Na5Sc(MoO4)4 and in previously studied alluaudite oxides, where one-dimensional sodium diffusion was suggested to occur through channels along the c-axis. The Na+ motion in Na5Sc(MoO4)4 is found to be rather two-dimensionally occurring along the bc-plane. We believe that filling of the M-sublattice plays a key role in the mechanism of Na+ ion diffusion in alluaudite compounds. In particular, in Na5Sc(MoO4)4 characterized by a low Sc-occupancy of the M-sub...


The work "On the correlation between ROTI and S4" is aimed at the relation between amplitude scintillation intensity measured with S4 and ionospheric variability represented by ROTI. These indices basically refer to different effects (i.e. signal scintillation and TEC fluctuation), but both are widely used for detection of irregularities and thus, such additional, comparative analysis could be helpful for future ionospheric studies. According to the above the selected issue seems to be interesting and worth to be explored. However, after reading the paper, I am not convinced to many aspects of the proposed methodology and scientific soundness, which have to be improved and clarified.


Objective: To compare the height, weight and BMI of Chinese children aged 2-4 years between urban and rural areas, and to provide some references for the study of early childhood health. Methods: A total of 1361 rural and urban children (721 boys, 640 girls) aged 2-4 years who met the criteria of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were selected as subjects, to analyze and compare the physical development of children in rural and urban areas. Results: The height of urban children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of rural children (p < 0.05), the weight of urban and rural children aged 2-4 years had no significant difference (p > 0.05), and the BMI of rural children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of urban children. Conclusions: The physical development of children in China is different between urban and rural areas, so we should pay attention to the problem of obesity in rural children.


Bias in causal comparisons has a direct correspondence with distributional imbalance of covariates between treatment groups. Weighting strategies such as inverse propensity score weighting attempt to mitigate bias by either modeling the treatment assignment mechanism or balancing specified covariate moments. This paper introduces a new weighting method, called energy balancing, which instead aims to balance weighted covariate distributions. By directly targeting the root source of bias, the proposed weighting strategy can be flexibly utilized in a wide variety of causal analyses, including the estimation of average treatment effects and individualized treatment rules. Our energy balancing weights (EBW) approach has several advantages over existing weighting techniques. First, it offers a model-free and robust approach for obtaining covariate balance, obviating the need for modeling decisions of secondary nature to the scientific question at hand. Second, since this approach is based on a genuine measure of distributional balance, it provides a means for assessing the balance induced by a given set of weights. Finally, the proposed method is computationally efficient and has desirable theoretical guarantees under mild conditions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this EBW approach in a suite of simulation experiments and in a study on the safety of right heart catheterization.


By employing the inequality of[8]and a positive continuous function g(t),t∈[to,+∞),oscillation criteria for the second-order half-linear impulsive differential equ-ations with damping are established.Our results generalize and improve some known ones.


controversies that currently face paediatric cardiac anaesthetists in the United Kingdom (UK); it should be noted that our views are not necessarily representative of other UK anaesthetists working in this field. The issues that we have chosen to discuss have been the subject of important changes in national or local policies in the last few years, and that have had (or will have) a substantial impact on our clinical practice.


Natural fibres are becoming more popular due to their recyclability, eco-friendliness, low weight, and moderate strength. The tensile and flexural properties of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) leaf base are evaluated. Weibull analysis was used to test the statistical significance of the data acquired in the preceeding article. The test specimens were produced in accordance with ASTM guidelines. The palmyrah leaf base had an average length, thickness and weight of 436±0.72, 7.89±0.01 and 477.25±3.32 mm on zeroth day and 519±11.09, 7.32±0.01 and 439.2±11.68 mm on seventh day. The tensile and flexural strength was 0.008±0.0001, 0.441±0.01 GPa on zeroth day and 0.149±0.002, 0.343±0.001 GPa on seventh day of harvest. The study helps to design and develop fibre extraction machine and eventually the livelihood of palmyrah farmers will be improved.


A computer program, Dysnomia, for the maximum-entropy method (MEM) has been tested for the evaluation and advancement of MEM-based pattern fitting (MPF). Dysnomia is a successor to PRIMA, which was the only program integrated with RIETAN-FP for MPF. Two types of MEM algorithms, i.e., 0th-order single-pixel approximation and a variant of the Cambridge algorithm, were implemented in Dysnomia in combination with a linear combination of the "generalized F constraints" and arbitrary weighting factors for them. Dysnomia excels PRIMA in computation speed, memory efficiency, and scalability owing to parallel processing and automatic switching of discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform depending on sizes of grids and observed reflections. These features of Dysnomia were evaluated for MPF analyses from X-ray powder diffraction data of three different types of compounds: taurine, Cu2CO3(OH)2 (malachite), and Sr9In(PO4)7. Reliability indices in MPF analyses proved to have been improved by using multiple F constraints and weighting factors based on lattice-plane spacings, d, in comparison with those obtained with PRIMA.


A competitive solid-phase EIA technique using high-affinity digoxin-specific monoclonal antibodies has been developed to determine cardenolides in Digitalis lanata. The test-system can detect digoxin and closely related compounds in concentration of 0.1 nmol/ml. The content of cardenolides, tested by ELISA, correlated well with the total content of digoxin, deslanoside C and lanatoside C as analysed by HPLC. The test-system is useful in estimating the productivity of large series and samples of tissue clones of Digitalis lanata.


With the realization of SSL VPN,the paper introduces the concept of SSL and the SSL protocol.It expatiates the framework design and the realization of a SSL VPN server.This SSL VPN offers a more secure link.


The bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are two typical macro slip models which are widely used by researchers in simulation analysis of rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades. However, differences in the simulation results of shrouded blades based on these two friction models have not well been studied recently. In this paper, a two-dimensional lumped mass model of shrouded blades including axial displacements and tangential displacements is established, and the kinetic equations of the blades under different contact conditions are derived. The contact-separation and stick-slip transition points are determined by the bisection method. Using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, comparative analysis of the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on the bilinear hysteresis friction model and the Coulomb friction model are carried out. Numerical simulation results indicate that the nonlinear characteristics and the vibration reduction characteristics of shrouded blades based on these two friction models are not accordant. The discussion in this paper offers thinking for the selection of the friction model in a study on rub-impact dynamics of shrouded blades.


Photoexcitation of a stretched poly(p-phenylenevinylene) thick film results in a light emission with a very narrow linewidth when the excitation intensity exceeds a threshold. By measuring the excitation and the Raman spectra, we found that the narrow emission is an amplification of Raman scattering during waveguide propagation.


Prepared under Contract no. DAAB07-75-C-1346, Joint Services Electronics Program. Originally presented as the author's thesis, (Sc.D.), M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1975.


Objective:To develop an RP-HPLC for the determination of content,content uniformity and its related substances in tetracaine hydrochloride for injection.Methods:An Agela Venusil XBP C18(L)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)column was adopted with a mobile phase of methanol-water(55∶ 45,containing 0.4% triethylamine,adjusted to pH 3.0 with dilute phosphoric acid).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1;the detection wavelength for content and content uniformity determination of tetracaine hydrochloride was 315 nm,and the wavelength for the related substance determination was 308 nm.The column temperature was 35 ℃,and the volume of injection was 20 μL.Results:A good linear correlation of tetracaine hydrochloride was observed within the range of 0.2064-41.28μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)(315 nm and 308 nm).The average recovery was 101.3% with RSD 1.0%(n=9).The calibration curves of impurity a were 0.0214-2.14 μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)(308 nm).The average recovery was 101.4% with RSD 0.5%(n=9).Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and repeatable,with strong selectivity and high sensitivity.It can be applied to the determination of content,content uniformity and its related substances in tetracaine hydrochloride for injection.


In fetal sheep, the electrocorticogram (ECOG) recorded directly from the cortex during repetitive heart rate (FHR) decelerations induced by umbilical cord occlusions (UCO) predictably correlates with worsening hypoxic‐acidemia. In human fetal monitoring during labor, the equivalent electroencephalogram (EEG) can be recorded noninvasively from the scalp. We tested the hypothesis that combined fetal EEG – FHR monitoring allows for early detection of worsening hypoxic‐acidemia similar to that shown for ECOG‐FHR monitoring. Near‐term fetal sheep (n = 9) were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters, ECG, ECOG, and EEG electrodes and umbilical cord occluder, followed by 4 days of recovery. Repetitive UCOs of 1 min duration and increasing strength (with regard to the degree of reduction in umbilical blood flow) were induced each 2.5 min until pH dropped to <7.00. Repetitive UCOs led to marked acidosis (arterial pH 7.35 ± 0.01 to 7.00 ± 0.03). At pH of 7.22 ± 0.03 (range 7.32–7.07), and 45 ± 9 min (range 1 h 33 min–20 min) prior to attaining pH < 7.00, both ECOG and EEG amplitudes began to decrease ~fourfold during each FHR deceleration in a synchronized manner. Confirming our hypothesis, these findings support fetal EEG as a useful adjunct to FHR monitoring during human labor for early detection of incipient fetal acidemia.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine a new insurance policy against natural disasters. Design/methodology/approach - The authors propose an optimisation model, which involves both the insurer and the farmer. The farmer decides to insure his farm if and only if insurance improves the utility he is expecting over a given year. Therefore, the paper takes the perspective of an insurer who wants to maximise the farmer's wealth, so that he will be more likely to subscribe the policy. The choice and combination of the policies are then determined and designed by the insurer to reach that aim. Findings - The paper proves that the market for insurance could grow with a combination of participating contracts and market-based instruments. The first cover individual risks while the second cover systematic risks. Practical implications - The new policy leads both the insurer to manage small and large risks and the insured to be financially interested. It also provides an optimal coverage against natural events for insured farmers. Originality/value - The paper offers many perspectives for the renewal of the crop insurance market using new instruments.


The world of the hero Two pairs of shoes Fear no more the heat of the sun The legacy of the Ancestors If she's not gone, she lives there still Letter to a learned Astrologer The youngest brother The primary world Five women What the bee knows The seventh day Where will all the stories go? Speak, Lord Name and no name Leda's lament Walking the Maze at Chatres What Aileth Thee? Re-storying the adult The hanged man Miss Quigley The Way back Sip no soup and bite no bit Lucifer Now, Farewell and hail On unknowing The garment Out from Eden Le chevalier Perdu Lively Oracles The unsleeping Eye: A Fairy 0 Children of this World! On Forgiving oneself Zen Moments The Interviewer Well, Shoot Me! Monte Perdido And Endless Story The Black Sheep A Radical Innocence The Death of AE.. Irish Hero and Mystic Grimm's Women Christmas Song For a Child About the Sleeping Beauty The Shortest Stories in the World Admit One Only Connect


This work studies the formation of cast structures in hypereutectoid steel modified by alloying modifiers (Fe30Si55Mg7Ca2REM4, Fe34Si55Mg9Ca2 and Fe63Ni30Mg7) together with inoculants Fe20Si60Ba20. It is found that at spheroidizing by 0.7 % Fe63Ni30Mg7 and inoculation by 1.5 % Fe20Si60Ba20 causes the formation of inclusions of nodular graphite with nodularity exceeding 90 % and a structurally-free cementite structure is obtained. The mechanical properties of the steel with nodular graphite modified by Fe63Ni30Mg7 and Fe20Si60Ba20 are as follows: tensile strength (σb) 660-680 МPа, yield strength (σ0.2) 520-540 МPа, percent elongation (δ) 5-8 %, impact strength (КС) 15-35 J/cm2, Brinell hardness (НВ) 241-255. After ferritic annealing these parameters were found to be σb =530-560 МPа, σ0.2=400-430 МPа, δ =20-24 %, КС=160- 180 J/cm2, 150-162 НВ.


be question of the contagion of cancer in human ,es, has been often raised and as frequently decided eozhaetlmes in favour of con .agion, sometimes against it, ac6rding as the evideneix accepted or rejected. For thfBe are two kinds of eviddnce-that whtch satisfies the inquirer who wishes to believe, and that which is required by the sceptic, just as there are two kinds of evidence regarding most theories and events. If the occurrence of cancer in a man and his wife who live in the same rooms be accepted as evidence of the contagion of cancer, whether the two were affected at the same time or years apart, whether the cancer of the one was of the same kind


A method for the synthesis of the isorhapontigenin and the stilbene compounds in similar structures was developed. Using 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as starting material, benzyl protecting the phenolic hydroxyl, via the Wittig-Horner reaction to construct the trans stilbene structure, and then debenzylation under the palladium on carbon/ammonium formate system condition, the isorhapontigenin could be obtained in the yield of up to 48%. The catalytic system was successfully applied in the synthesis of a series of hydroxyl stilbene compounds, which could achieve good results. All the reactions worked under mild conditions and obtained in good yield. Furthermore the materials were of cheap and less toxicity. It provided us a simple way to synthesize hydroxyl stilbene compounds in large scale.


The paper proposed a cross-layer routing selection algorithm,which considers the shortest delay and highest security as routing selection standard.The routing algorithm aims to solve the problem of both the dynamic spectrum and security problem in cognitive radio networks.The Algorithm reduces the data transfer delay by optimizing the number of forwarding nodes and selecting channel for transmitting and receiving,and ensures routing security by choosing a forwarding node of high level security.The results of theory analysis show that the algorithm is efficient and feasible.The computing complexity of the algorithm is O(N2),where N is the number of nodes in the network topology graph.


In 1967, a woman became ill after exposure to a newly discovered pathogen that we now call Marburg virus, a member of the family Filoviridae (filoviruses), to which Ebola virus also belongs.1 Testing of the semen of her husband, who had recovered from the disease 6 weeks previously, determined that her exposure was through sexual intercourse. This was the first confirmed case of sexual transmission of filovirus disease from a convalescent man. It was also the last . . . until the West African outbreak. In March 2015, Ebola virus disease (EVD) developed in a Liberian woman after the country . . .


In order to punching cooling holes of more than one thousand in the rear side doors of the bus on one die,a processing plan skipped hole and die structure of up die changed quickly were introduced.The problem of punching cooling holes that were close was solved.The strength of the die was improved.The rear side doors of different type were produced.The problem of the rear side doors were low yearly yield and couldn't be produced by handwork was solved well.It was a way that spent less money in manufacturing a die.The die was designed and manufactured for small batch produced,It had a good reference function.


To investigate the feasibility of discriminating explosive type with RGB image of fireball of explosion,the curves of time vs area with intensive light on the images were obtained on the basis of a lot of photographs of explosion of condensed explosive with small dosage(30 g) by the high speed photography,and multi-dimension eigenvector space to describe firelight of explosion of condensed explosives was built by using feature parameters of configurations of curves of area vs time.And finally the linear three-type pattern recognition with optimal eigenvector was made by applying three-type Bayes's decision rule and generalized fisher criterion.The test data of TNT,RDX,HMX were discriminated.Results show that the inaccuracy is 10.07% of pattern recognition built by the training set,while it is 17.48% of pattern recognition with using Jackknifing method in the total sample sets.


To begin with the connotations of culture, university culture and the innovative culture, some approaches to construct the innovative culture of universities are put forward: to construct the innovative culture of "human-orientation", to advance the innovation of the system and mechanism of universities, to cultivate the atmosphere of encouraging innovation and tolerating failures, to abolish the habit of eager for quick success and instant benefit.


The auxiliary function of a classical channel appears in two fundamental quantities, the random coding exponent and the sphere-packing exponent, which yield upper and lower bounds on the error probability of decoding, respectively. A crucial property of the auxiliary function is its concavity, and this property consequently leads to several important results in finite blocklength analysis. In this paper, we prove that the auxiliary function of a classical-quantum channel also enjoys the same concavity property, extending an earlier partial result to its full generality. We also prove that the auxiliary function satisfies the data-processing inequality, among various other important properties. Furthermore, we show that the concavity property of the auxiliary function enables a geometric interpretation of the random coding exponent and the sphere-packing exponent of a classical-quantum channel. The key component in our proof is an important result from the theory of matrix geometric means.


contribution to the study of heredity in general. It remained a sterile piece of empirical knowledge until the nature of sex-linked inheritance was elucidated in 1908. It was the greatness of Mendel, and the reason why we honour him to-day, that on the basis of his observations he formulated a theory of hereditary transmission which time has proved to be completely right. His paper was of course freely available in many leading libraries, but it was not until 1900 that a rather small company of biologists were ready to see that here was a key to their problems. Geneticists of the early school of 1900 onwards had to face bitter opposition. The main line of attack was not to deny the reality of Mendel's observations but to refuse to accept their generality, and, far less, their universality. Naturally, and as we well understand to-day, those inherited characters which clearly demonstrate simple Mendelian ratios tend to be rare abnormalities or somewhat trivial characteristics. The major differences of evolutionary and biological importance are usually complicated in their inheritance as well as being subject to environmental influences. As Morgan and Bateson, for example, contended, their opponents wanted an analysis of what for the time being was unanalysable. The conventional biologists complained that the geneticists were concerning themselves solely with trivialities. It would be easy to select many instances of frontal or oblique attacks on Mendelism, but one entertaining example which may not be familiar to many English readers was delivered by E. Rabaud2 to L'Institut Frangais d'Anthropologie. His title was " Le Mendelisme chez l'Homme." Rabaud gave a clear enough account of Mendelian principles, but he could not conceal his scorn in the phrases he chose (here translated): " What meaning, what value could we really attach to formulas which miss the essence of a phenomenon ? " he exclaims. And again: " Why then should we in the face of the facts try to apply a formula which leaks at all its seams ? A whole edifice has been erected on a few superficial facts : the edifice collapses." Rabaud proposed a theory of physico-chemical constitution, and goes on to say : " For him [the biologist] such a language has flexibility and general application; it is less hypothetical than the language of Mendel, for, while physico-chemical constitution is a fact, determinants are a conception of the mind. To the biologist, the physico-chemical language is a sure guide, capable of leading him in all possible directions. At the present time, it is free of formulas and does not permit the drawing up of any ' law.' Therein lies its strength." The Pearson school, however, went further and sought to attack the basic correctness of Mendel's observations. In careful and painstaking work of abysmal sterility Pearson's followers showed that if numbers were large enough there were significant departures from the 3 : 1 ratio. The reasons, primarily differential viability, are obvious enough now, and really should have been obvious then. Up to the time of his death in 1936, Pearson refused to accept Mendelism in any shape or form, and Mendelian terms were outlawed from the publications he edited. The importance of this is that undoubtedly many hostile biologists were glad to have the backing of so justifiably eminent a statistician for the view that Mendelian principles were mathematically unsound. The Pearson school had produced a wealth of fine biometrical data, and in 1918 there appeared a paper of classical importance by R. A. Fisher. He showed that so far from the observations on continuously distributed metrical characters being inconsistent with Mendelian theory they could not be rationally explained in any other way. It is said that when Fisher submitted this paper to the Royal Society the Society, wishing to be fair, submitted it to the leaders of both schools. They proved to be in agreement for perhaps the only time in their lives: both recommended rejection. The paper was subsequently published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. From this time on all was set for a full synthesis, but the old doubts lingered for many years. Thus E. Baur,4 writing as late as 1931, could say that much inheritance was nonMendelian and that this applied especially to human racial crosses. In recent times the progress of genetics has been smooth and continuous. The framework so ably established by Mend-l has proved completely sound, and developments in biochemical genetics, in the idea of one gene controlling the development of one enzyme, in theories on the mode of action of genes, in the elucidation provided by the genetics of bacteria and viruses, and in the inspired work of the molecular biologists-all have made the study of genetics central in biology. In these developments medicine has both profited and contributed. Professor Sorsby's paper provides a valuable conspectus of Mendel and Mendelism. He has perhaps not brought out the essential modesty of the man, or his generosity. Mendel was unfortunate in some ways. His experiments with Hieracium (hawkweeds) were a disappointment. He had been lucky in choosing the edible pea, and this luck might not have been repeated. And he was in no better a position than his contemporaries to unravel the complexities that soon faced the early geneticist ; the necessary basis of knowledge did not exist. So he remains famous for a single dazzling contribution, whose lustre can never be dimmed.


Adhesive capsulitis is a painful condition in which the movement of the shoulder becomes limited and functional activity is affected. Adhesive capsulitis occurs when the shoulder joint capsule become thick, stiff and inflamed. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Mulligan movement with mobilization versus Positional release technique on shoulder range of motion and functional activity in patients with adhesive capsulitis. 30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (N = 15) received Mulligan mobilization technique and Group B (N = 15) received positional release therapy. The shoulder range of motion (Abduction, External rotation, Internal rotation) was measured by goniometer, the functional activity by SPADI questionnaire. The results showed that significant differences in shoulder ROM Abduction (t = 14.18, p = 0.000), Internal rotation (t = 13.80, p = 0.000), External rotation (t = 15.87, p = 0.000) and SPADI questionnaire (t = 13.94, p = 0.000) were observed in group A patients when compared to group B. In conclusion the Mulligan mobilization technique was effective to improve the shoulder ROM and reduce functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis compared to Positional release technique.


Terminos Lagoon area is a highly important economic and biological area, and one of the most important fresh water reservoirs in Mesoamerica. This area has been affected by human activities such as the disposal of pollutants, including pesticides that cause damage among wildlife. Our research evaluated the exposition of three wild rodent species Oryzomys couesi, Peromyscus leucopus, and Reithrodontomys gracilis to organochlorine and anticholinergic pesticides in nine localities of Terminos Lagoon.  We collected samples of brain, skeletal muscle, and liver to evaluate organochlorine and anticholinergic pesticides exposure. We measure acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as anticholinergic pesticide exposure sign.  We found significant differences in acetylcholinesterase activity among localities in brain for two species O. couesi and R. gracilis , but not for skeletal muscle tissue. We found 20 organochlorine compounds in rodent´s liver of which only lindane, aldrine and heptachlor were in amounts suggesting a recent exposure.  The AChE inhibition is not enough evidence for anticholinergic pesticide exposure. Recent organochlorine pesticides application and exposition was detected, but sources are unknown, probably atmospheric deposition.  Rodent exposure to pesticides could affect negatively its population dynamic. This detrimental effects can reach higher trophic levels because predators biomagnifies some of these compounds.


After major surgery many patients develop signs and symptoms of generalized inflammation, which is defined as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). To examine the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac and thoracic surgery a retrospective study was performed on 1674 selected patients admitted in the Cardiothoracic ICU of the University Hospital of Vienna. SIRS was defined according to the American College of Chest Physicians / Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP / SCCM) Consensus Conference. The term's SIRS, sepsis, septic shock and MODS (multi organ dysfunction syndrome) are used to describe the different extents of inflammation and infections. In the first phase the moment of the first occurrence of SIRS, and of severe SIRS was determined. An SIRS episode was defined as a time interval from the beginning of SIRS until the receding of the symptoms for more than 24 hours. Based on this information, an artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to predict severe SIRS. SIRS was present in 1544 patients (92.2%), SIRS with additional signs of organ dysfunction evolving in 76.1% of the cases; the progression took less than 24 hours in 87.9% of the cases. The presence of signs of the SIRS on the first operative day is hardly suitable for the risk prediction. A significant correlation between the number of SIRS episodes and the outcome for each individual patient was found. The number of SIRS episodes could be an accurate parameter for estimating the outcome and the treatment outlay.


The importance of understanding graph in the learning of calculus had led to calls for an increased i visual reasoning skills among secondary through university levels. The effectiveness of graphs in understanding derivatives depends on their efficacy as visual text forms aimed to illustrate and communicate two or more related information. Providing students with an approach to reading and interpreting graphs will help them to understand concepts better. Therefore, the study focussed on how to assess 194 pre-university students' ability to read and interpret graphical form of functions and their derivatives based on the decoding theory: reading the graph, reading between the graph and reading beyond the graph. Findings indicate that students were able to read information directly but faced difficulties when reading beyond the graph. Implications and future research directions are discussed.


A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER
OF SCIENCE, CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT


Fiscal policies have been extended for promotion of renewable energy in India. These included tax incentives and purchase of electricity generated through renewable energy sources. Enactment of the Electricity Act 2003 (the Act) has lent further support to renewable energy by stipulating purchase of a percentage of the power procurement by distribution utilities from renewable energy sources. The renewable portfolio obligation as well as tariff for procurement of such power has been specified by various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs). This paper discusses regulatory developments for promotion of renewable energy in various Indian states. This paper identifies a number of regulatory issues related to renewable portfolio obligation in various states. The prevalent practice of fixing renewable portfolio standard with cost based feed-in-tariffs disregards economic efficiency. The paper proposes nationally tradable renewable energy credits for achieving the targets set by respective SERCs for renewable portfolio standards. This would help minimize cost of power procurement, and lead to efficient resource utilisation and provide incentive for investment in appropriate technologies. The paper highlights its advantages and implementation issues.


Abstract : The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a computer aided diagnostic system for combinational circuits, a type of circuit used in the design of all computers. The diagnostic system is to accept a description of the circuit, supervise an adaptive input-output experiment on a potentially faulty implementation of the circuit, and return the locations of all faults in the circuit. The description of the circuit which will be input to this system can be in one of two forms: Boolean equations, or statements in the VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Based on the circuit structure, a fault model is developed which can be used to mathematically model the state of faults in the circuit. The circuit description is processed to derive a single Boolean characteristic equation; information gained from testing is used to update this equation. The characteristic equation is manipulated to generate test vectors which are used as inputs to the actual circuit being diagnosed. After a given test vector has been input to the circuit, the output is observed. The state of the circuit output is then input to the diagnostic system which uses it to derive new knowledge about the actual circuit. Such tests are conducted repetively until the diagnostic system determines that further information cannot be derived from testing. At this point, the diagnostic system determines the nature and location of faults in the actual circuit as well as the function actually performed by the circuit.


AbstractThe pathophysiology of surfactant-induced cutaneous primary irritancy most likely involves surfactant interaction with phospholipids of skin cell membranes. The effect of such agents on membrane choline (Ch) phospholipid metabolism was investigated in human epidermal keratinocytes in culture. Cells were prelabeled with [3H]Ch and then treated with four surfactants: linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), alkyl ethoxylate sulfate (AEOS-3EO). and TWEEN-20. Media were assayed for release of labeled Ch metabolites. All four surfactants stimulated release of label in a dose-dependent manner in concentrations between 5 × 10−3 and 5 × 10−5 M.


A comparative study has been made of the ability of nucleated erythrocytes (chicken) and of different tissues, as homogenates of fresh tissues (dog and human) and as "acetone powders" of tissues (several species) to synthesize porphyrinogens-porphyrins from either glycine and acetate or succinate or from ALA.

With the exception of the nucleated erythrocytes, the tissues studied had no measurable ability to form copro- and protoporphyrins from glycine and acetate or succinate

However, the various tissues can form copro- and protoporphyrins from ALA, and in the following order: nucleated erythrocytes > liver > adrenal > spleen > kidney > heart > skeletal muscle > brain. The spleen of the human infant was extremely active. Non-nucleated erythrocytes (dog) are active to the coproporphyrin(ogen) stage.

Acetone powders of the same tissues show similar porphyrin-forming capacities.

Little variation in porphyrin-forming activity was found among tissues from different mammalian species, but avian (pigeon) tissues appear to be more active in this respect.

From these results it appears that different tissues, with the exception of the nucleated erythrocyte, may synthesize porphyrinogens-porphyrins from ALA, but only to a limited extent from glycine and acetate or succinate. ALA may probably be supplied to these tissues preformed, this apparently occurring primarily in the nucleated erythrocyte (bone marrow).

The porphyrinogen-porphyrin-forming capacity of a given tissue appears to be related to the heme content and/or turnover rate in that tissue.


This thesis explores why non-Western second-generation female immigrants have become more integrated into the Danish education system, by seeking to uncover possible motivators. The data consists of semi-structured interviews with Danish born females of immigrant descent who are pursuing or have completed a long cycle higher education. The quantitative analysis supports the main hypothesis of this thesis, the assumption that the increased integration of non-Western second-generation female immigrants is influenced by the educational aspirations their parents hold for them. This study finds a strong correlation between the parents' expectations and the participants educational commitment and achievements. However, regarding gender, it cannot be concluded that the participants gender has played any positive role in their educational career. Moreover, the participants cultural capital can be argued to create some negative conditions in relation to the dominant cultural capital in the educational sphere. The thesis is based on a deductive approach and takes the form of a case study. To offer a lens through which subject can be examined, the thesis presents a theoretical framework consisting of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital, Sandra Bem's gender schema theory and Jacquelynne S. Eccles and Allan Wigfield's expectancy-value model theory.


Heating the edge of hot rolling steel blank by using ITH can make its temperature up to rolling requirement. This paper introduces the soaking principle, the required equipments and their energy flow relationship. The paper emphatically analyses the electromagnetic relationship. At last, some special problems linked with design of inductor are discussed.


Packet delay is a consensual indicator of network conditions. High delay packets of a flow indicate that there may be network congestion or network anomalies. In this paper, we consider Intra-FlowPacketDelay (IFPD), which is defined as the time span between two adjacent packets of a flow. In particular, we aim to detect packets that exhibit high IFPD. The key challenge is to simultaneously achieve high detection accuracy and preserve low resource usage. Existing measurement approaches reduce resource overheads by injecting probe packets or sampling. However, they can only measure an average delay of some packets but fail to monitor delay behavior of every single packet. To this end, we propose a sketch-based approach. Unfortunately, existing sketch-based methods cannot be directly applied to our high IFPD detection problem. That is because traditional sketch algorithms require that the update operation is additive, while measuring IFPD needs to deal with timestamps, which is not additive. We address this issue in three aspects: (i) using fingerprints to mitigate hash conflicts; (ii) a conservative update method that only selects one bucket to update; (iii) a replacement strategy that keeps potential flows with high IFPD in the sketch. Our experiments on real world traces demonstrate that our solution identifies high IFPD with nearly 99% recall rate and 99% precision with 600 KB memory, which outperforms existing sketch-based solutions.


Cryptocoins are peer-to-peer monetary assets emitted not by a central authority but by a decentralised network of economy's participants. Their existing implementations combine the state of the art cryptographic methods with notions of « transparency of coin's history » and « pseudonymity of usage ». While the market value of Bitcoin -which was the first among the cryptocoins is very volatile, it nonetheless becomes more and more demanded an asset due to its a priori defined limited amount. Thus, a billion dollar economy has already formed in the cryptosphere, which includes the stock markets, currency exchange offices or a biggest existing online drug market. By this paper we aim to address the questions like « To whom do the structures like Bitcoin ultimately serve ? » and to propose an idea that further growth of cryptocoin economy could induce a sort of Nietzche's «transvaluation of values».


In a recent paper, Young et al. (1994) proposed a graphical model indicating that under certain conditions (a dome-shaped functional response of the predator) prey swarming may entail not only benefits for the individual (Hamilton 1971), but also for the swarm as a whole (group level benefit). They argue that, in organisms that partially reproduce by apomictic parthenogenesis such as Daphnia, any grouprelated benefits may favour the formation of swarms among clone-mates. Young et al. (1994) then present field and laboratory observations on D. longispina that support the above notion, by showing that electrophoretically defined uniclonal populations often show a higher cohesion than multiclonal assemblages in a laboratory set-up, and that a swarm of D. longispina in a garden pond apparently mainly consisted of members of a single 'electrophoretic clone' (sensu Carvalho & Crisp 1987). The authors themselves point to the fact that this latter result needs to be interpreted with caution due to the fact that only one enzyme system (esterase), with an uncertain number of loci, was screened. We here present data that show for a population that coexists with fishes, where swarming is most probably a predator-avoidance strategy, that Daphnia swarms are no less genetically diverse than non-swarming individuals. The present data were collected during a survey of spatial genetic heterogeneity in Daphnia magna Straus populations, and in our opinion provide a more robust test of the above hypothesis than that presented by Young et al. (1994), since more samples (individuals and swarms/non-swarms) were analysed at four loci per individual. Our findings do not support the generality of kin-preferential swarming behaviour in Daphnia as a predator avoidance response.


The use of economic analysis has become increasingly important for decision making in the business environment. Students who can demonstrate their ability to think analytically by applying economic concepts to business decisions are an attractive asset to many firms. As educators, we often look for ways to help students acquire the skills they will need in their future careers. This paper describes a game based on the television show "The Apprentice" that promotes the development of these skills. More specifically, this interactive game is meant to be used as a supplement to the traditional lecture style format of a managerial economics (or other business related) course. After assigning students to teams and giving them tasks to complete, students experience first-hand what it is like to make real-world business decisions. In addition, students have the opportunity to develop a variety of skills while applying what they learn in the game to class material. Furthermore, students will begin to understand what it is like to be held accountable for their decisions as they face a boardroom situation in which some individuals will be fired. The main goal of this game is to create an active learning environment that is conducive to helping students develop analytical, leadership, communication, and entrepreneurial skills.


Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (ADC) and related analog hardware designs are important factors to simplify the transceiver circuits in wireless communication systems. In order to mitigate the nonlinearity of a low-resolution ADC that reduces the required analog hardware complexity, we have investigated two nonlinearity mitigation techniques for A/D conversion, i.e., the dither-ADC and the hysteresis-ADC. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of the nonlinearity mitigated A/D conversion techniques on the achievable performance in single carrier offset-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (OQAM)and QAM systems, where the receiver adopts either the dither-ADC or the hysteresis-ADC. Simulation results prove that both the dither-ADC and the hysteresis-ADC are effective in improving BER performance of both OQAM and QAM systems affected by the nonlinearity of ADC, while the transmitter employs a selected mapping technique that achieves a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).


A special place in the methods of surgical treatment of bone fractures is occupied by transosseous osteosynthesis using external fixation devices.The aim of the study is to develop a device for the safe spatial orientation of the wires of the extrafocal osteosynthesis apparatus.Materials and methods. To develop a device for the spatial orientation of the external fixation spokes, a 3D model was designed with further reproduction on a 3D printer. The development of the device was carried out by placing the wires of the external fixation apparatus on 36 bones of the human lower jaw, on which a fracture in the angle was simulated.Results and discussion. The device for the spatial orientation of the spokes of the external fixation device for the lower jaw exoselet is partially reproduced using a 3D printer, which allows individualizing the device parts at the stages of preparation for surgery.Conclusions. Effect: control of the depth of immersion of osteofixers over the entire thickness of the bone and simplification of the choice of the optimal angle of mutual spatial orientation during their introduction and the greatest stable fixation of the fragments of the lower jaw during closed extrafocal osteosynthesis.


With the development of science and technology and the progress of society,the traditional information,gathering,storage and file editing levels could not adapt to the contemporary society's demand and has increasingly replaced by the forms of informative,network,automatization and digital technology.The new changes will bring up paramount reform to the gathering of traditional book resources,preservation,delivery and exploitation and will pose a severe challenge to library resource management ideology,transformation of librarians.


Based on the analysis about the influence of the distributed capacitance current of EHV transmission line on differential current protection,a protection scheme is proposed.The setting value of segregated phase current differential protection is setted 2 times than capacitance current of line while normal operating,negative or zero differential protection setting value are setted 1.5 times than capactitance current.When line charging power,all differential current setting values increase double with some time delay it can avoid the influence of transient capacitance current on all differential protection.


Different configurations of the physical environment of office work are rapidly changing the way office workers behave and perform at work. In particular, organisations today are progressively accommodating their employees in open plan offices (OPOs). In this article, we focus on the OPO and discuss its future and implications for research and practice. Specifically, we build on recent advances in the field to propose that new OPO configurations will require new forms of work behaviour involving new processes and practices, and new research approaches. In addition, we discuss possible areas of work that OPO environments of the future might affect; for example, work design, interpersonal processes, noise and distractions, human resource management (HRM) practices and leadership. Along these lines, we suggest future research directions and make recommendations to navigate the intersection of organisational behaviour (OB) and OPO research and practice. JEL Classification: M19


The study was carried out with the objective to compare the variations in root growth characteristics of wild Coffea arabica populations in Ethiopia. A total of 24 wild coffee trees were used for in-situ root growth measurements under four natural coffee forests, viz., Harenna, Bonga, Birhane-Kontir and Yayu. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the variability among and within wild coffee population in root growth parameters. The results depicted significant variations among the wild coffee populations in the size and length of larger lateral roots (p < 0.01), taproot fresh and dry weights as well as taproot volume (p < 0.05). The populations also exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) in total root fresh and dry weights. There were also significant site variations in the number of large and fine laterals as well as in the length of medium laterals. The frequency of small laterals varied significantly among sub-sites. In addition, sites significantly differed in the moisture contents of taproot (p < 0.05) and total root growth (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significantly (p < 0.05) high proportions of coarse laterals were found in Bonga and Berhane-Kontir, whilst the proportions of fine and medium laterals were high in the Yayu and Harenna populations. In addition, the surface plate laterals were significantly (p < 0.01) thick and longest at Harenna and the next longest recorded at Berhane-Kontir. The significantly (p < 0.05) longest fine lateral roots was from the Berhane-Kontir population. Similarly, both lateral root fresh and dry weights were maximum at Berhane-Kontir and lowest at Yayu, intermediate at Herenna and Bonga forests. The results also depicted root variations within sites, largely due to the possible effects of varying intensities of human disturbance on site factors and plant growth response. The extent of variations in root growth also varied across geographical areas, demonstrating the strong link between coffee genetic and climatic factors. Hence, the present findings imply the need to consider root traits in developing coffee technologies and to support sustainable management of natural forest environments.


The invention relates to a new method for manufacturing a composite coating shell for precisely casting fusible patterns, and belongs to the field of precise casting. The method comprises the following steps: using water-based ethylsilicate-silica sol as a mixed binder, preparing mixed binder paint by mixing the mixed binder with refractory powders and a curing agent, painting the mixed binder paint on the surface of a fusible pattern to form a monolayer or multilayer coating bottom layer, and sequentially painting a monolayer water glass binder paint transition coating and a multilayer waterglass binder paint enhanced coating on the bottom layer, thereby forming the composite coating shell for precisely casting the fusible pattern, wherein the composite coating shell consists of a mixedbinder coating bottom layer and a water glass binder coating enhanced skin coat. The invention solves the manufacturing difficult points of the shells with complicated inner cavities, deep blind holes and deep groove parts and the problems of slow drying, long production periods, low quality and the like of the shells existing in a precise casting trade for a long time, comprehensively improves the quality of precision castings, markedly reduces the production cost, is favorable for environment protection and is a creative breakthrough for a traditional technique in the field.


The venom spat by four spitting cobras (Naja nigricollis, N. pallida, N. mossambica and Hemachatus haemachatus) was caught using perspex plates. Densiometric analysis of the spat venom revealed low levels of variation in volume among successive spits. The dispersal patterns formed by the spat venom were divided into two basic classes, both of which were produced by all four species. The low levels of variation in venom volume, coupled with the variation in venom dispersal pattern, suggests a complexity to the regulation of venom flow in spitting cobras beyond simply neuromuscular control of the extrinsic venom gland.


The mechanism of laser to crop was briefly summarized as well as the application of laser in crop breeding,the study direction in future was also provided.


This paper describes the technique for real time human face detection and tracking for age rank, weight and gender estimation. Face detection is involved with finding whether there are any faces in a given image and if there are any faces present, track the face and returns the face region with features of each face. Here it describes a simple and convenient hardware implementation of face detection method using Raspberry Pi Processor, which itself is a minicomputer of a credit card size. This paper presents a cost-sensitive ordinal hyperplanes ranking algorithm for human age evaluation based on face images. Two main components for building an efficient age estimator are facial feature extraction and estimator learning. Using feature extraction and comparing with our input database in which we have different age group face images with weight is specified according to that we also specify weight category i.e. under weight, normal weight and overweight . In this article we present gender estimation technique, which effectively integrates the head as well as mouth motion information with facial appearance by taking advantage of a unified probabilistic framework. Facial appearance as well as head and mouth motion possess a potentially relevant discriminatory power, and that the integration of different sources of biometric data from video sequences is the key approach to develop more precise and reliable realization systems.


The density of meteorological stations in most watersheds across the globe is far lower than recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). However, for some basins, including those used as pilot, an adequate quantity of weather stations is crucial for collecting high-accuracy data. This study aimed to 1) estimate the optimum number of meteorological stations and 2) demarcate the most appropriate sites for their installation considering physical and environmental factors directly and indirectly influencing both objectives, i.e. to develop a well-optimized weather station network. The Weighted Overlay method and six (6) environmental factors –- precipitation variance, slope, elevation, proximity of existing stations, land cover and land use, as well as distance from roads –- were applied to delineate the potential locations. All parameters were mapped out separately and then reclassified for scoring (0 to 100 scale) based on their significance. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to determine the impact of each factor. Based on the analysis, the precipitation variance received 38% weight, while the distance from road was computed to reach only 3% weight. The Weighted Overlay map of the Karasu Watershed was delineated into corresponding highly suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable zones. Finally, the recommended station locations were validated using a hypsometric curve to ensure proper coverage of different elevations. The research will improve the climate change and water resource management applications by informing them with sufficient climatic data about the entire target area including all variations, as well as will help addressing the challenge of data shortage and thus increase the quality of future thematic research.