The spallation strength of single crystal copper foils 100 micrometers thick of the and orientations and of polycrystalline copper foils has been determined. Laser driving was used to launch miniature plates. Also, the spallation strength of polycrystalline copper was measured using conventional gas gun techniques and plates for comparison. Experimental measurements include VISAR records of the free surface particle velocity and micrographs of recovered flyers. A 1D hydrocode was used to simulate the VISAR records to determine the dynamic pressure history of the spallation process. Judging by the calculated pressures, it was found that the foils were somewhat stronger than the foils, which were about twice as strong as the polycrystalline foils. These were, in turn, substantially stronger than the larger sample plates (1.5 mm thick) of the gas gun. In the polycrystalline foils, small voids are found in recovered samples impacted at flyer plate velocities almost producing spallation in the gas gun, indicating that this sparse damage in the foils is able to grow substantially more in the much larger gas gun plates and under much slower gas gun loading.


The principle of one‐to‐one correspondence is involved in sharing objects by distributive counting. Understanding one‐to‐one correspondence has been inferred from preschool children's success in sharing. This inference is questioned on methodological grounds. Twenty‐four children, aged between 3#fr1/2> and 4#fr1/2> years, took part in a study which compared their judgements of shares in conditions where the shares were either visible or invisible, equal or unequal, and of either small or large numbers of heterogeneous or homogeneous objects. Children judged better when the shares were small and visible. Whether children typically develop an understanding of one‐to‐one correspondence first in the context of sharing and then in other contexts such as counting or using guidelines remains unknown, as studies of these other contexts typically expose children to a conflict between one‐to‐one correspondence and perceptual cues.


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H15N3O7, contains two independent molecules which are linked into a pseudocentrosymmetric dimer by a π–π interaction, as shown by the short distance of 3.722 (5) Å between the centroids of the benzene rings. An extensive network of weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to stabilize the crystal packing.


Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) and its cognate chemokine receptor CXCR4 act as potent chemoattractants and regulate trafficking and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating SDF1α-driven cell migration are not well defined. In this study, we have explored the roles of the second messenger NO and the transcription factor NF-κB in SDF1α-induced T cell migration. SDF1α treatment of Jurkat T cells increased the activity of NO synthase, which catalyzes the generation of NO. We observed that pretreatment of Jurkat cells or activated PBLs with several NO donors significantly enhanced the SDF1α-induced migration, whereas various inhibitors of NO synthase markedly abrogated the chemotactic response in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed that inhibitors of the transcription factor NF-κB, which is linked to NO signaling pathways, also significantly blocked the SDF1α-induced chemotactic response. However, these compounds did not have a significant effect on SDF1α-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. In addition, the MAP/Erk kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 did not abrogate SDF1α-induced chemotaxis. AKT, which has been shown to mediate NO production, was also phosphorylated upon SDF1α stimulation. These studies suggest that NO-related signaling pathways may mediate SDF1α-induced chemotaxis, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.


reply: We are writing in response to the letter of van Dijk, Reijngoud, and Kuipers ([13a][1]); their comments are well received, and we are happy to see that our groups are in general agreement regarding the validity of efforts which aim to simplify tracer studies of glucose flux. We would like to


Introduction Articles about mutations that cause genetic disorders frequently include a suggestion that gene therapy will likely provide a cure for the disease in the future. In fact, ongoing efforts to sequence the human genome, to understand the roles of genes during development, and to determine the molecular pathogenesis of disease will almost "naturally" lead to the use of nucleic acids for the treatment of diseases in the future. Somatic gene therapy can be defined as the treatment of inherited or acquired diseases by the introduction and expression of genetic information in somatic cells. Genetic disorders that are caused by loss-of-function mutations might be treated by introducing a functional copy of the mutated gene into the appropriate tissue. Good candidate disorders for somatic gene therapy include the many inborn errors of metabolism, such as hemophilia A or B, which are caused by either a low amount or the complete absence of a single functional gene product. These disorders have been characterized at the DNA level, and the disease-causing mutations can be relatively easily identified in individual patients. Many acquired diseases, such as different types of cancer, are less well-defined at the molecular level. However, because of their frequency and their impact on public health, interest in the development of gene therapy for these disorders is particularly high. In fact, most of the clinical gene therapy trials that have been conducted so far relate to the treatment of malignant tumors. Despite the many ongoing clinical trials, as yet, there have been no clear examples of the successful treatment of any human disease by gene transfer. Possibly the single most important reason preventing a broad application of gene transfer in the treatment of diseases, whether inherited or acquired, is the lack of both safe and effective gene transfer technologies. What are the requirements for the use of a vector as a vehicle for gene transfer in patients with inborn errors of metabolism? The vector should efficiently transport and deliver foreign genes to different cell types, both in vitro and in vivo. Following gene transfer, these genes should be permanently expressed at physiological levels. In many cases, expression will need to be tissue-specific and regulated. The vector should be safe, stable, and easily manufactured to high yields. While several nonviral and viral gene transfer vectors have been tested in different systems, currently, there is no vector system available that meets all of these requirements. With the realization that efficient delivery of genes into tissues is at the heart of successful somatic gene therapy, many research groups are concentrating their efforts on refining the different aspects of the multi-step process of gene transfer.


Xenotransplantation represents one of alternative candidates for allotransplantation due to the chronic shortage of suitable human tissues; however, many obstacles remain. Expression and release of endogenous retroviral antigens by porcine cells after transplantation may evoke adverse immune responses in human subjects. Here, we examined whether human herpesvirus 1 (HHV‐1) could induce the production of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) antigens in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).


Determine the optimal parameters of liquid finishing of natural leather for uppers shoes using  advanced  chemical  materials:  organic  syntan  Politan  BN  based  on  the  aromatic  compounds  for neutralization,  synthetic  retanning  syntan  Retanal  LMV  based  on  the  melamine  for  retanning-filling  and anionic fatliquor preparations – СМХ-473 and Sulphirol C for fatliquoring. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the methods of a full factorial experiment, computer modeling, organoleptic assessment, and chemical and physical-mechanical analysis of the leather were used.


Different methods for determining the moisture content of wood chips were investigated and compared. The main point was identifying the speed of tests. The systems depending on drying effect showed the least deviations to the reference system (drying cabinet at 105 C). Capacitive systems or those following the principal of infrared reflection (for flowing material) gave, after appropriate calibration, in part very promising results – also for stationary use. The last-mentioned system also worked independently of the density of the material pile.


It is frequently argued that Russia has its own historical path, which is incompatible with capitalism. This paper seeks to provide a counterargument against such stance by providing an analysis of the Old Believer Faith and its role in acting as a foundation for Russian pre-1917 revolution capitalism. We show that the schism in the Russian Orthodox Church led to the anathema of the Old Believers. Once anathematized, the Old Believers no longer had an option of using formal institutions in their everyday lives. We argue that this provided a rational response from the adherents of the Old Faith in creating new institutions from the ground up to oppose the state and Church's will. By necessity, these institutions had to have a free and capitalistic character to them. To effectively function, these institutions had to counterpose themselves against the formal institutions which symbolized the world of the antichrist for the Old Believers. Formal institutions thus became replaced with self-governance, and collective state institutions were replaced with traditional family and communal values. Thus, coincidentally, the rational response of the Old Believers to formal state and Church oppression provided the foundations for Russian capitalism. This situation resonates with the current political environment in Russia and might provide an impetus for wealth accumulation and change in attitudes towards capitalism in Russia.


This thesis deals with variable selection for clustering. This problem has become all the more challenging since the recent increase in high-dimensional data where the number of variables can largely exceeds the number of observations (DNA analysis, functional data clustering...). We propose a variable selection procedure for clustering suited to high-dimensional contexts. We consider clustering based on finite Gaussian mixture models in order to recast both the variable selection and the choice of the number of clusters into a global model selection problem. We use the variable selection property of l1-regularization to build a data-driven model collection in a efficient way. Our procedure differs from classical procedures using l1-regularization as regards the estimation of the mixture parameters: in each model of the collection, rather than considering the Lasso estimator, we calculate the maximum likelihood estimator. Then, we select one of these maximum likelihood estimators by a non-asymptotic penalized criterion. From a theoretical viewpoint, we establish a model selection theorem for maximum likelihood estimators in a density estimation framework with a random model collection. We apply it in our context to determine a convenient penalty shape for our criterion. From a practical viewpoint, we carry out simulations to validate our procedure, for instance in the functional data clustering framework. The basic idea of our procedure, which consists in variable selection by l1-regularization but estimation by maximum likelihood estimators, comes from theoretical results we establish in the first part of this thesis: we provide l1-oracle inequalities for the Lasso in the regression framework, which are valid with no assumption at all contrary to the usual l0-oracle inequalities in the literature, thus suggesting a gap between l1-regularization and l0-regularization.


In the past few years, new geologic and geophysical data from the continental margin and the ocean-basin floor have permitted a more detailed reconstruction of the evolution of the continental margin off the east coast of the United States. Application of the Vine-Mathews hypothesis of sea-floor spreading suggests that continental rifting in the North Atlantic began in Late Triassic or Jurassic time. Triassic redbeds of the Newark Series may represent the stage of rifting presently seen in the African Rift Valley. The continental block or coastal plain has prograded slowly seaward (15 km during Tertiary time) and its surface has subsided slowly (5 cm/1,000 years) but remained near sea level during Cretaceous-Tertiary time. Seismic reflection profiles, bottom morphology studies, long sediment cores (more than 300), and bottom photographs (350 stations) demonstrate that southerly flowing deep-ocean currents have constructed and shaped the large margin sedimentary wedges of the continental rise and outer ridges. This southerly flowing North Atlantic deep water is--and has been--eroding, transporting, and depositing sediment parallel with the regional contours. The present sediment surface of the lower continental rise (0-10 m) is marked by a distinct sedimentary facies of current-produced alternating thin silt laminations with hemipelagic lutites. Seismic reflectors horizon A (Upper Cretaceous) can be traced beneath the large (1-2-km thick) sedimentary wedge of the Blake-Bahama outer ridge and also beneath the continental rise on the north, and shows that these features have been lapped adjacent to the continental block in post-Cretaceous time. The initiation of this unique sedimentary process can be linked to the growth of a strong pattern of thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic with the widening of a growing North Atlantic basin during the Cenozoic. End_of_Article - Last_Page 740------------


The CD3 antigen is a surface structure associated with the T‐cell receptor (TCR) to form a complex involved in antigen recognition and signal transduction. Reports on the structures of the CD3 molecules associated with αβ‐ and γδ‐TCR have been contradictory. To investigate this issue, we raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against purified porcine CD3 molecules. Unlike the conventional anti‐CD3, these mAb reacted specifically with peripheral γδ‐T cells, but not with αβ‐T cells. Immunoprecipitation showed that the antibody recognized a subset of CD3 molecules that were associated with γδ‐TCR. Also unlike the conventional anti‐CD3, these mAb, though directed at two different epitope groups, failed to induce antigenic modulation, T‐cell proliferation and CD3‐redirected cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that there are differences in the antigenicity, signal transduction potentials and probably structural differences between the CD3 molecules expressed at the surface of αβ‐ and γδ‐T cells.


This paper's subject is education for transport research and is different from education for transport in general. The character and mental powers required for transport research and for professional work in other capacities in the transport field have a lot in common, but they are by no means the same. One analysis in this paper showed that professionals, specialists and technologies employed in transport in the United Kingdom totaled 138,000, while staff of all categories engaged in transport research and planning totaled only 5,700. There is no hard and fast line between research work and other types of work in transport, and many people move from one to the other in different states of their careers, but education for transport research concerned with special requirements is a relatively small number.


This report deals with the hematologic aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. I will discuss three particular hematologic problems that are seen in patients with HIV disease. The first is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura although it is clear that ITP involves an immune reaction that results in platelet destruction. ITP is fairly common and clinically prominent in patients with HIV infection, and there are a number of problems in the treatment of this syndrome that have not been resolved. The second hematologic complication is thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). TTP is fortunately quite rare in HIV-infected patients, but it is a true medical emergency and requires prompt recognition and treatment. I will discuss these aspects of TTP in the setting of HIV infection. Finally, immune neutropenia is quite common in patients infected with HIV. Fortunately, the neutropenia is usually fairly mild. This fact underscores certain issues concerning treatment of low white blood cell counts in HIV disease. Among the hallmarks of HIV infection, the most prominent feature is depletion of CD4 + (helperiinducer) T-cells. What is less well known is that patients with HIV infection also have polyclonal B-cell activation. This activation results in polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with production of a host of antibodies. Among these antibodies are a number of autoantibodies that have been described in patients with HIV infection. These autoantibodies are probably responsible for the syndromes that 1 will discuss below. Their presence constitutes an epiphenomenon of infection with HIV, although autoantibodies may also play a role in the depletion of CD4 + T-cells in AIDS.


In this paper we report on the use of Poincare sections, phase plane portraits and false nearest neighbor techniques to understand bifurcations in the lathe cutting of aluminum. The experiments presented here offer further evidence of deterministic tool vibrations below the classical onset of chatter. While classical chatter exhibits strong periodic content, these prechatter dynamics exhibit both quasiperiodic and chaotic vibrations. The method of false nearest neighbors predicts an embedding dimenion between 4 and 6 for prechatter cutting conditions while showing a random characteristic for no-cutting running of the machine. A one-dimensional delay-differential equation model is presented which exhibits some of the characteristics of the Poincare sections of the experimental time series.


Abstract The mass of trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and 1,3-dichlorobenzene removed from an aqueous solution and emitted to the atmosphere during solvent sublation was determined experimentally. It was shown that the emission of these compounds in solvent sublation was reduced by 30 to 85% over air stripping under the same experimental conditions. The efficiency of removal of these compounds from water was also studied. The reduction of emissions over air stripping was more effective for the more hydrophobic and less volatile compounds. Emissions are reduced as the thickness of organic layer on the top of the column is increased. The use of decyl alcohol as the layer compound decreases emissions to a greater extent than does paraffin oil. Removal of these chlorinated volatile organic compounds from water by solvent sublation at an elevated temperature of 45°C is significantly faster than at room temperature. However, the emissions to the atmosphere are also increased.


Drug effects may vary depending on cancer cell density. We investigated discrepancies in phenotypes for high density and low-density cultured cancer cells and elucidated relevant variables that influence them. We assessed chemosensitivity as a function of tumor cell density by plating TOV-21G and OVMANA ovarian cancer cell lines in 96-well plates at various seeding densities per well and treated them with various concentrations of cisplatin. CellTiterGlo assays were performed at 72 hours of treatment to determine cisplatin dose response curves. We used ethidium homodimer fluorescence staining and imaging to quantify extent of cell death at differing cell densities of TOV-21G and OVMANA cells treated with cisplatin for 48 and 72hours in 48-well plates. We performed western blot analyses of apoptotic and autophagy proteins from TOV-21G and OVMANA cells that were seeded at high and low cell densities in 24-wellplates. TOV-21G and OVMANA cells plated at higher cell seeding densities displayed less cisplatin sensitivity than TOV-21G and OVMANA cells plated at lower seeding densities, as shown by cisplatin dose response curves. Ethidium homodimer staining of TOV-21G and OVMANA cells treated with cisplatin revealed that cells seeded at lower densities experience a greater amount of cell death that cells seeded at higher densities. Western blot analyses showed that high density TOV-21G cells may express greater amounts of BCL2 and c-FLIP and lower amounts of p62 and NOXA compared to low density cells when normalized for protein expression. Similarly, high density OVMANA cells express greater amounts of c-FLIP andBCL2 and lower amounts of NOXA compared to low density cells when normalized for protein expression. Our experiments reveal that human ovarian cancer cells display different phenotypic changes depending on cell density, causing higher density cells to require increased cisplatin to achieve the same level of effect seen in lower density cells. Ovarian cancer cell resistance to cisplatin is associated with alterations in autophagy and anti-apoptotic protein expression at high cell seeding density. These alterations may also affect chemosensitivity in vivo in settings of differential tumor density, such as single circulating tumor cells compared to clumps of tumor cells, and other settings, such as metastasis.
 Citation Format: Thomas W. Brown, Ujwal Punyamurtula, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Human ovarian cancer cell seeding density as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance associated with expression of anti-apoptotic and autophagy proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5824.


Stalling secretase assembly A lzheimer's disease might be slowed by inhibiting γ-secretase, the membrane protease complex that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP). Spasic et al. (page 629) now identify an endogenous inhibitor that prevents γ-secretase complex assembly and activity and thus might be targeted for therapy. APP cleavage by γ-secretase leads to amyloid plaque deposition, one possible cause of Alzheimer's symptoms. γ-secretase is composed of four proteins—presenilin, nicastrin, PEN-2, and APH-1—which must come together for cleavage activity. Although all four components are present in the ER, their assembly into functional γ-secretase is somehow restricted; most of the active enzyme is found close to the cell surface. Assembly of γ-secretase begins with the binding of nicastrin to APH-1. This binding, Spasic and colleagues now fi nd, is prevented early in the secretion pathway by Rer1p, a membrane receptor that retrieves proteins from the Golgi back to the ER. Rer1p binds to nicastrin, thus interfering with nicastrin's ability to bind APH-1. Decreasing the amount of Rer1p led to an increase in γ-secretase activity. Exactly what triggers Rer1p to release nicastrin and allow it to bind to APH-1, and subsequently to the other γ-secretase components, remains to be determined. Preventing this release might provide a means to reduce γ-secretase activity and thus amyloid plaque formation. D ynactin might bind to and organize microtubules. But it doesn't need to bind microtubules to jump-start dynein motoring, Kim et al. report on page 641. Dynactin retrieves microtubule motors such as dynein from the cyto-plasm and docks them onto their cargo. Dynactin also anchors the minus ends of microtubules on the centrosome. One dynactin isoform that is found in human neurons lacks its microtubule-binding domain (MBD). Kim and colleagues thus supposed that dynactin might be functional even without locking onto microtubules. They found that indeed cargo transport does not rely on the MBD. With or without a functional MBD, dynactin helped move four different physiological cargos, including vesicles and proteins, just as far along microtubules and at the same velocity and frequency. Dynactin's MBD was previously thought to increase dynein's processivity by giving it a second hand to hang onto microtubules. But this idea was based largely on studies of the transport of dynein-coated beads. This artifi cial cargo, or the way dynein and dynactin were attached to it, might have altered the normal relations between dynein and dynactin observed in a cell. Not all dynactin activities …


PURPOSE: To provide a liquid composition giving a coating film having excellent flexibility, transparency and property as a gas-barrier to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas and to provide a molded material coated with the composition to improve the property as a gas-barrier. CONSTITUTION: The objective film-forming liquid composition is composed of an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer having plural acidic functional groups in one molecule [e.g. (meth)acrylic polymer or copolymer] and water glass at a ratio A/B of preferably 1-0.01 wherein A is acid equivalent of the water-soluble polymer and B is base equivalent of the water glass. A molded material having improved gas-barrierness can be produced by coating a molded material with the above composition. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The reason why engineering education should cover the wide area of engineering and science is for designing. Designing requires the broad knowledge from science and engineering to economy and law. Students in engineering courses should acquire designing ability to start their career as engineers. Teaching designing is rather difficult comparing teaching science or mathematics. It is described as an analogy with teaching painting.


The present study demonstrated the phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, for the removal of copper (Cu) and Cadmium (cd). Young plants of equal size were grown in tap water and supplemented with 0.35, 0.70 and 1.05 mg/L of Cu and 0.27, 0.54 and 0.81 mg/L of Cd individually for 25 days. The experiment showed that both Cu and Cd had effects on plant relative growth. The plant at all the concentrations used in the experiment removed approximately more than 90% of Cu and Cd. Removal of metals from water was fast especially in the first five days. The accumulation of Cu and Cd in roots and stems increased with the initial concentration. At all levels the plants accumulated the highest concentration of Cd in roots, while the highest concentration of Cu was accumulated in stems. The biocencentration factor (BCF) of Cu was higher than that of Cd at the same duration, suggesting that the accumulation potential of Eichhornia crassipes for Cu was higher than that for Cd and could be used to treat wastewater contaminated with low Cu and Cd accumulations.


In this work, an ECG data representation and encoding schema is investigated. Its aim is to support mobile and continuous heart monitoring, for athletes and cardio-vascular disease (CVD) patients. For data analysis and encoding, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed on ECG data capturing several heart conditions, obtained from PhysioNet. On-line performance, in terms of classification of unknown heartbeats, using k-nearest neighbours (kNN), was computed and reported. We show that such an approach allows for simple, well-established, and robust data classification tools to be deployed. Using this representation schema, we hypothesize there is a potential for cheaper and more user- friendly apparatuses in the market.


Tourism Product Knowledge is regarding the general knowledge of all regions in Indonesia which includes the location of the region / geography, climate, history, politics, culture, and particularly object - attractions and facilities and attractions which support it. In this study, entitled Factors Affecting Total tourist arrivals in Sumut Province Year Period 2014 -2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of rooms and the dollar exchange rate partially and simultaneously inuence the number of tourist arrivals in Sumut, in order to obtain a result the number of hotel rooms inuential not evident partially on the number of tourists visiting the province of Sumut, because t smaller than t table or -1.651 1.740 and Total Room and the US dollar exchange rate simultaneously or together of the number of tourists visiting Sumut Province since F count> F table or 13.288> 3.59. The magnitude of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable simultaneously can be known from the value of the coefcient of determination (R2) is equal to 0.639. This means that both variables jointly contribute to or inuence amounted to 63.9 percent of the number of tourists visiting the province of Sumut, while the remaining 36.1 percent is inuenced by other variables that are not described in the model, such as safety, service, facilities.


The backup of project data is analyzed,which is used in software project management system,and a method of project backup SDB-Method is proposed.SDB-Method analyzes the data model of the system,establishes the mapping rules between relational data model and semistructured data model OEM(object exchange model),and implements the transformation between relational data and semistructured data.In addition,SDB-Method helps software organizations to implement project importing and exporting.Fur-thermore,an example is presented to illustrate the application of SDB-Method in SoftPM,a widely used project management system,and its support to multi-branch development,iterative development and migration.


The ages of organic matter of some dark-colored horizons and calcareous concretions in some Vertisols from tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate zones of China were studied using radiocarb on dating method. The relationship between soil age and genesis of Vertisols was also expounded based on the study of their genetic charactens-tics and micromorphological features. The results show that although Vertisols have developed for a relatively long time, their weathering and soil forming process are weak and young with little horizonation. This is closely related to their special geochemical soil forming environment. Low-lying terrain, heavy texture, clay minerals dominated by montmorillonites and alternative drying- wetting climate give rise to the vertic features expressed in intense swelling-shrinking and cracking-closing in soils. As a result, the soil development and soil leaching process are resisted, and the climatic effect on the horizonation is impeded. Moreover, pedoturbation eliminates the horizonation in the upper part of soil profile, and postpones their evolution into zonal soils. So Vertisols show certain pedogenic inertia and stay at relatively young developmental stage. Therefore, Vertisols are intrazonal soils dominated by local soil forming factors such as the relief and parent materials.


Latent heat flux and sensible heat flux in winter whea t field were measured by using the eddy covariance technique, and the effect of en ergy balance components and wind speed to canopy temperature and the canopy-air temperature difference were analyzed also. The results show that the net radiat ion flux is the main energy factor infecting canopy temperature, and there is a remarkable linear correlation between them(α=0.01). The effects of latent h eat flux, sensible heat flux, and ground heat flux on canopy temperature are rel ated to weather condition. Wind speed remarkably infects the canopy-air tempera ture difference, and there is a negative correlativity between them.


An incubation experiment on potassium fixation in some mineralogically different rice soils of West Bengal was studied at varying levels of added K. About 6.2 to 42% of added K was fixed in these soils. Potassium fixation increased with increasing amounts of applied K, however, the percentage of added K fixed decreased gradually. Addition of 15 to 240 mg K kg-1 soil, illite and smectite dominant Inceptisols with high available and reserve K resutted in a relatively lower K fixation (4.9 to 39.6 mg kg-1 soil) as compared to illite, smectite and chlorite dominant Entisols (5.5 to 41.0 mg kg-1 soil) containing moderate available and reserve K. Conversely, kaolinite dominant Alfisol with low available and reserve K registered the lowest amount of K fixation (2.5 to 14.9 mg kg-1 soil).


This paper introduces the principle of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), and discusses a method for implementing the SVPWM based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, as well as modeling of AC servo system with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Simulation results show that the model is effective, and the method provides a frame of reference for software and hardware designs which can be applied in high temperature superconducting (HTS). PMSM are widely used in low and mid power applications such as computer peripheral equipments, robotics, adjustable speed drives and electric vehicles. The growth in the market of PMSM motor drives has demanded the need of simulation tool capable of handling motor drive simulations.


Summary.  The lasso penalizes a least squares regression by the sum of the absolute values (L1‐norm) of the coefficients. The form of this penalty encourages sparse solutions (with many coefficients equal to 0). We propose the 'fused lasso', a generalization that is designed for problems with features that can be ordered in some meaningful way. The fused lasso penalizes the L1‐norm of both the coefficients and their successive differences. Thus it encourages sparsity of the coefficients and also sparsity of their differences—i.e. local constancy of the coefficient profile. The fused lasso is especially useful when the number of features p is much greater than N, the sample size. The technique is also extended to the 'hinge' loss function that underlies the support vector classifier. We illustrate the methods on examples from protein mass spectroscopy and gene expression data.


Vitamin B12 deficiency can manifest with many illness symptoms, among which dominate those of the hematology, digestive and nervous system. The illness symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are often atypical and the early cause diagnosis might be difficult. Hereby it is described a case of a 16.5-year-old boy with myelosis funicularis caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.


This paper presents the evaluation of variables in the electrocoagulation process in the juices resulting from sisal process (Furcraea cabuya). Those variables are evaluated through the analysis of principal component analysis and mathematical modeling of four electrochemical systems. The efficiency of the electrochemical treatment in removing organic matter is valued as the major factor in mitigating the environmental impact caused by the extraction and washing of the fiber. In addition, the feasibility of using electrocoagulation systems to separate secondary metabolites such as the hecogenin is also valued to propose an alternative to add value to this ancestral and craft activity. For this, a laboratory scale reactor is used with a capacity of 1 L with electrodes Fe/Al, arranged alternately and in parallel connection. The metabolite monitoring is performed by high performance liquid chromatography in reverse phase. The experimental results showed high yields in the separation of secondary metabolite (hecogenin) and average reduction in chemical oxygen demand of 26%.


In Southeast Asia and Asia, large swathes of rainforest have been converted to rubber plantations, with major consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the impact of this land use conversion on rhizosphere soil mycobiome has not yet been addressed. This study aimed to investigate how rhizosphere soil fungal communities and their associated biological activity (soil respiration, soil methane (CH4), and potential soil enzyme production) are impacted by the conversion of rainforest to rubber plantations. Fungal richness and community composition in rhizosphere soils collected from natural rainforests, immature rubber, and mature rubber plantations were analyzed using paired‐end Illumina sequencing. The conversion of natural rainforest to rubber plantations significantly altered fungal community composition of specific functional groups (saprotrophs, pathogens, and mycorrhiza). We observed significant loss of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi in natural rainforests, but enrichment of plant pathogenic fungi in immature rubber plantations. The mechanism underlying the effects of forest conversion on changes in fungal communities is related to reductions in soil pH, total nitrogen (N), and ammonium (NH4) in rubber plantations. Conversion to rubber plantation also resulted in decline of soil respiration rates and less potential for cellulase and chitinase productions. The significant negative correlations between fungal richness and soil respiration in mature rubber plantations indicated high competition among fungi and low nutrient availability in this system. We demonstrate the negative consequences of the conversion of rainforest to rubber plantations on soil biological activity and significant changes in fungal community composition that could threaten long‐term ecosystem functions.


Abstract : This paper first reviews the problems of using COTS, notably product assurance, vulnerability and product continuity. The concept of wrapping is then introduced. Conceptually, wrapping is a process to mitigate COTS limitations, and may be applied to any of the acquisition, design and implementation phases of a system. It is a fundamental assumption that COTS items being wrapped are not themselves amenable to any significant changes in their design or function.


: Auricular acupoint therapy , as an appropriate technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing operation , has a certain curative effect in preventing and treating common gyne⁃ cological diseases. The paper reviewed the auricular acupoint therapy in prevention and treatment of common gynecological diseases from six aspects of menstrual disorders , chronic pelvic inflam⁃ matory disease , primary dysmenorrhea , perimenopausal syndrome , acute mastitis , and breast hy⁃ perplasia , in order to provide a certain reference for the treatment of gynecological diseases by ex⁃ ternal therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.


Wastewater from rare earth smelteries contains large amounts of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), which causes severe environmental problems. In this contribution, the desalination efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated in the treatment of NH4Cl or NaCl solutions from 0.1 to 40 g/L under different operating pressures with a commercial RO membrane. Experimental results showed that when an operating pressure above 30 bar is applied to the 5 g/L NH4Cl solution, the permeate was found to meet the discharge standards of NH4+-N. Compared to NH4Cl, the permeate fluxes of NaCl solutions were higher due to the higher net driving force and lower propensity to membrane fouling. Theoretical models indicate a linear relationship between water flux and the net driving force for both NH4Cl and NaCl solutions. On the contrary, a power function between the salt flux and concentration difference correlated well with the experimental data for salt transport. The equations for water and salt transport obtained by this work would provide a facile and practical means for predicting the membrane performance in design and optimization of RO processes for the treatment of wastewater from the rare earth industry.


Theoretical model suggests that gene interactions, known as epistasis, may dramatically slow down evolutionary dynamics. Adaptation, where a population evolves increasing fitness in a fixed environment, is typically thought of as a hill-climbing process on a fitness landscape. With a finite genome, such a process eventually leads the population to a fitness peak, at which point fitness can no longer increase through individual beneficial mutations. Instead, the ruggedness of typical landscapes due to epistasis between genes or DNA sites suggests that the accumulation of multiple mutations (via a process known as stochastic tunneling) can allow a population to continue increasing in fitness. However, it is not clear how such a phenomenon would affect long-term fitness evolution. By using a spin-glass type model for the fitness function that takes into account microscopic epistasis, we find that hopping between metastable states can mechanistically and robustly give rise to a slow, logarithmic average fitness trajectory.


Approximately 15 % of the Scandinavian population aged 60 and above suffer from eating difficulties with malnutrition as a risk factor. In an effort to improve their possibilities of a healthy and ...


Born in Sunderland, Frederic Salkeld Plumpton ("Eric") was educated at Sedbergh School, where his passion for outdoor activities was born. He won an exhibition to Christchurch College, Oxford, and completed his training at the London Hospital, where he met his future wife, Janet. At Oxford he was involved in expeditions to the Himalayas, the Rockies, and the Arctic and later drove from Australia through Asia …


: In China, the implementation of volunteering is mostly under the organizational mobilization. The consciousness of people to actively participate in volunteering is relatively weak. Although employee volunteering is one of the important forces in the development of Philanthropy in China, the factors that affect employee volunteering are still poorly understood. This paper explores the effect of power distance belief on employee volunteering and its boundary conditions. The results show that individual-level PDB has a significant negative effect on employee volunteering. Leader-member exchange plays a moderating role in the relationship between power distance and employee volunteering.


The effect of glutathione (GSH) on the 125I-Triiodothyronine uptake was studied in renal cortex slices. Addition of Diamide (30 mM), oxidizing reagent for GSH, to the incubation buffer decreases the hormonal uptake (-28%) while GSH (20mM) can reverse the effect of diamide. So the modification of T3 distribution previously shown in vitamin A-deficient rats can be attributed to the GSH deficiency already observed in these animals.


This dissertation is concerned with the problem of monocular visual tracking, the task of estimating the position of arbitrary targets as they move across the frames of a temporal image sequence. The research described in this dissertation advances visual tracking in two significant ways, both of which serve to unify various aspects of the field. First, a common theoretical framework is derived that connects a range of visual trackers in the literature that were previously viewed as disparate. Moreover, this uniform framework permits systematic evaluation of visual trackers that retain varying amounts of spatial organization information regarding the target. Previous research has seen the investigation of trackers that incorporate differing amounts target spatial arrangement information; however, an empirical evaluation that systematically varies this parameter in the realm of visual tracking has not been considered previously. The second manner in which this dissertation unifies visual trackers is through a novel feature representation. The proposed features, termed spatiotemporal oriented energies, capture both spatial appearance and dynamics (e.g., velocity) in a uniform fashion. The integration of appearance and dynamics yields a compact, highly discriminative feature set with robustness to variable illumination. Previous approaches in tracking have attempted to incorporate target dynamics through prediction mechanisms (e.g., filtering) or by combining spatial and motion-based cues that are derived independently. Notably, this dissertation introduces the first representation for visual tracking that uniformly encompasses appearance and dynamics. These features are applicable to a range of trackers, outperform alternative common representations, and can lead to state-of-the-art tracking accuracy in empirical evaluation.


Physalopter-a caucasica has been found in man fairly commonly in certain parts of Africa and it is a common baboon parasite. Trichinella is an accidental human parasite, caused by eating infected meat, which can be experimentally transmitted to monkeys but does not occur naturally in them. The commonest monkey nematodes -apart from whipworms-belong to the genus Stubulura-a genus closely related to the roundworms of poultry and not represented at all in human beings. The helminthic parasites of man therefore fall into several obvious groups. First: Those common to monkeys and man include such forms as Schistosorna mansoni and Trichocephcalus. Second: Human forms accidentally found in monkeys--Ascaris, Loa, and so on; as well as simian forms accidentally found in man-Bertiella, (Esophagostomum, Ternidens and Physaloptera. The third-the species of the genus Enterobius-represents an evolutionary series. Probably the remote ancestor of the pinworms was a pre-simian form, and it is interesting to observe the modifications of the various species and compare the complexity of these modifications with the relationships of the host. The differences, for example, between the pinworms of man and those of the apes and cercopitheques are less than those between man and the Cebidae or New World monkeys. The zoological relationships of these groups correspond with these differences. From the point of view of preventive medicine, the only important helminths of monkeys are the schistosomes and possibly Physaloptera and Trichocephalus. Here the monkey is a definite reservoir host and as such must be taken into account in devising schemes of eradication. The appearance of Schistosoma mansoni in monkeys in those areas in St. Kitts (British West Indies) where bilharziasis is endemic makes the control of the disease much more complicated and renders eradication impracticable unless either the monkeys or the snail intermediaries are also eradicated. The alternative of treating the human hosts which has been advocated for Egypt would have only partial effects. It is highly probable that monkeys in certain parts of Africa are also hosts of not only this species but of S. hawnatobium as well. Physaloptera has an unknown life history, but it probably requires an intermediate host. It is not of sufficient importance, however, to interest the hygienist. Trichocephalus also is not important clinically, although very widespread; human infection is probably always from a human source. The only important monkey helminthic disease, therefore, from the point of view of preventive medicine, is bilharziasis.


Objective: A novel metalloproteinase, Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A), has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, and is under consideration as a novel biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and unstable plaque. The aim of this study was to determine if PAPP-A overexpression directly contributes to plaque vulnerability. Methods: Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE KO) mice, a model of atherosclerotic development, and ApoE KO mice overexpressing PAPP-A transgene in arterial smooth muscle (ApoE KO/Tg) were fed a high fat diet for 20 or 40 weeks starting at seven weeks of age. At harvest, the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained for morphologic analyses. Results: After 20 weeks on high fat diet, significantly more ApoE KO/Tg mice had BCA lesions with a necrotic core and fibrous cap than did ApoE KO mice. After 40 weeks on high fat diet all mice had BCA plaques with necrotic cores, but plaque progression with healed ruptures (i.e., buried fibrous caps), and plaque inflammation were greater in BCA of ApoE KO/Tg mice than in ApoE KO mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of PAPP-A in arterial smooth muscle of ApoE KO mice is associated with accelerated plaque progression and development of vulnerable and ruptured plaque.


Manual stirring,high-speed grind stirring,high-speed grind stirring with ultrasonic were used to disperse nanometer SiO2.The influence of cement paste by nanometer SiO2 on different stirring methods was studied.In order to investigate the microstructure and performance of cement-based materials,SEM was used to observe the microstructure of paste and the UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to study the dispersion degree of nanometer SiO2.The results show that if the dispersion degree of nanometer SiO2 are higher,the flexural strength and compressive strength are much higher obviously,and the structure of C-S-H is more homogeneous and the density is much denser,for the samples with the two latter stirring methods.


This paper discussed the theories and methods of GPS data processing by GAMIT/ GLOBK.The flow chat of the processing every session solution by GAMIT,the synthetical pro- cessing the single session solution by GLOBK were described in detail.The SCAR GPS data was processed in order to demonstrate how to processing CPS data by GAMIT/GLOBK.Finally,the noteworthy problem in data processing were discussed in this paper.


William A. Foley, Jr. John F. Kennedy and the American City: The Urban Programs of the New Frontier, 1961-1963 Out of necessity in 1960, John Kennedy promised to find the "workable solution to urban problems." Yet he failed to do so, because his interests lay elsewhere. Balancing his 1963 budget for Congressional approval to gain a 1964 tax cut meant more than an effective urban program. Had Kennedy exercised leadership and emphasized implementing his promise through combining new and existing programs, he might have found the elusive workable solution. Contrasted against JFK's lackluster leadership in urban affairs, the hard work of Dr. Robert C. Weaver, his Housing and Home Finance Agency staff and later the "reformers" also becomes a focal point. Collectively, they came closest to finding the solution. They tried to reshape urban America using available programs without being able to fully implement their newer ideas, before the "fires" came. In addition, this dissertation highlights seven themes. In urban affairs, JFK remained an enigma, and he wanted it that way. Secondly, he used his office as a "modern" president, but thirdly, he presented many serious policy contradictions. Further, Kennedy had a tough time with Congress some due to his own making. Consequently, political tradeoffs undercut his own urban program. Last, blatant open racism also permeated the early 1960s and affected political choices everywhere. ix But lastly, in spite of this, Weaver plus JFK's "reformers" under Robert Kennedy fostered new ideas, that if combined, implemented and funded, could have led to the workable solution. This dissertation studies Kennedy's entire urban program: JFK's 1960 urban message; formation of his White House and urban team; the 1961 Housing Act; his failed effort to gain HHFA cabinet status; his urban budget and the tax cut maneuvering; Kennedy's vast suburban housing "boom;" public housing and urban renewal; his open housing executive order; and the early "war on poverty." Researched at the John F. Kennedy Library and the National Archives and Records Administration, this dissertation adds to the historical record in three ways. It traces JFK's level of involvement in urban affairs and clarifies his interest; it shows the effort made by many key members of his administration to achieve a workable solution to urban problems in spite of their leader; and it explains the overall importance of Kennedy's program in American urban history. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________


There is abundant research confirming that we pass through three stages on the path to full development of literacy, which includes the acquisition of academic language. The stages are: hearing stories, doing a great deal of self-selected reading, followed by reading for our own interest in our chosen specialization. At stages two and three, the reading is highly interesting or compelling to the reader. It is also specialized; there is no attempt to cover a wide variety. The research confirms that the library, in particular school library, makes a powerful contribution at all three stages: for many living in poverty it is the only place to find books for recreational reading or specialized interest reading, with the librarian serving as the guide on how to locate information as well as supplier of compelling reading. The expertise of certified librarians is pivotal for compelling reading in a foreign language, such as EFL worldwide and ELLs in the US, as well as compelling reading in children's heritage languages.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of water supply and particularly relates to a water storage type non-negative-pressure water supply device. The water storage type non-negative-pressure water supply device comprises a non-negative-pressure pressure-stabilizing compensation tank, a water-pump water-feeding collecting pipe, a water-pump set, an equipment water-discharging collecting pipe and a water storage tank, wherein the water discharging end of the non-negative-pressure pressure-stabilizing compensation tank is connected with the water-pump water-feeding collecting pipe; the water-pump water-feeding collecting pipe is connected with the equipment water-discharging collecting pipe by the water-pump set; the equipment water-discharging collecting pipe is connected with a user pipe network; municipal water feeding pipes comprise two or more than two paths, wherein one path of the municipal water feeding pipes is connected with the water feeding end of the non-negative-pressure pressure-stabilizing compensation tank, and the other path of the municipal water feeding pipes is connected with the water feeding end of the water storage tank; the water discharging end of the water storage tank is connected with the water-pump water-feeding collecting pipe. The water storage type non-negative-pressure water supply device has the advantage that since the water tank is arranged at one end of the municipal water feeding pipe, when municipal water feeding is not stable or the water is cut off, continuous water supply of a user is guaranteed.


Background: There is evidence of the association between catastrophic pain and cerebral connectivity activation. However, the nature of such neural network changes, and brain regions that are most likely to be affected are still unknown. Objective: To summarize the data available in the literature regarding fMRI-detected brain changes in individuals with catastrophic pain. Methods: This review included searches across the following databases: Medline-via-PubMed, Web-of-Science and Scopus. We included: cross-sectional studies; fMRI studies using the catastrophic pain scale; and control groups with healthy individuals. We measure the quality evaluation of the selected studies using the New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: In total, 339 articles were identified, and after the title and abstract selection, 11 references were selected for further evaluation. Unfortunately, seven works were excluded by the eligibility criteria. Thus, a total of four studies were included for qualitative analysis: two included migraine subjects; one fibromyalgia; and another temporomandibular dysfunction. The included articles presented moderate quality of evidence. Conclusions: In healthy subjects, repeated exposure to painful stimuli generates a specific perception of pain with increased functional connectivity and somatosensory network activity. This does not happen in high catastrophic scores patients, instead may acquire a pain-associated increased state of attention and the inability to direct their attention to other situations, leading to reduced pain modulation capacity. This review finds a change in functional connectivity during processes of rumination or negative pain perception in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, insula, pre-cuneus, midbrain, and retrosplenial cortex. *Correspondence to: Ana Izabela S. de Oliveira-Souza, Rua Francisco da Cunha, 1325 (apto 403) – Boa Viagem, Recife PE, 51020-041, Brazil, Tel: +55 81 981421230; E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com.


LaValle & Kuffner [] present an application of a randomized technique to the problem of kinodynamic planning. Their algorithm constructs Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) in a high dimensional state space that encompasses both first order constraints resulting from the physically-based system dynamics as well as global kinematic constraints due to obstacles in the environment. By coupling and simultaneously addressing the problems of finding a basic path in configuration space and finding a controller satisfying the system dynamics while exploiting the benefits of randomized techniques, trajectories for a broad range of systems operating in cluttered environments can be computed in an efficient manner.


The author has an opportunity to give a talk in one-day courses for heat treatment engineers. The aim of this course is to explain about heat treatment simulation based on the finite element method and its applications. An introductory part of the course uses teaching materials to intuitively understand complex phenomena induced from elasticity, thermal expansion and plasticity. These materials, which were reported previously, include a crystal model based on knowledge of both mechanics of materials and materials science. The author has expanded the materials to phenomena including not only elasticity, thermal expansion and plasticity but also creep which occurs generally at high temperature and in a prolonged time. Although the crystal models are useful to understand an essence of the phenomenon, an experiment has been conducted additionally. The devised materials may be meaningful for engineers involved in manufacturing techniques such as casting, plastic working, machining, welding, and design of machines and processes operating at high temperatures.


Microwave Remote sensed data finds a great deal of application in the field of agriculture and disaster management. In this paper an attempt is made towards development of software which can be used for processing of radar imagery. Separate steps for processing radar data is required as the methodology behind processing of optical data is completely different from that of data received from radar sensors. First there is need to remove speckles from image followed by radiometric calibration then geocoding which are explained in this paper. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE


Concrete‐filled double steel tube columns (CFDST) made from high‐performance materials represent an advanced type of prefabricated composite components with excellent fire performance, enabling a slender design under high loading compared to traditional concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST). CFST have been proven to be a viable solution under seismic loading, as they can achieve improved load‐carrying capacities (improved stiffness, strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capabilities) compared to conventional concrete columns. However, there is currently a lack of experimental and numerical investigations on CFDST.


A method for determining an over-foam state in the wash cycle of a laundry treating device, containing a foamable liquid.


Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are mainly composed of magnetizable particles and elastic polymer. The polymer matrix plays an important role in mechanical performances of MREs. In this study, the polyurethane (PU), which is synthesized by using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and poly (propylene glycol) (PPG-220), is selected as a matrix because it has better degradation stability than natural rubber and higher mechanical stability than silicone rubber. Four different MRE samples were fabricated by adjusting the reaction molar ratio of TDI to PPG to change the property of PU matrix. Structural characterization of the PU matrix was described by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The microstructures of samples were observed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope. The mechanical performances of samples, including shear modulus, magnetorheological effect (MR) effect, loss factor, and glass transition temperature (Tg), were characterized with dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results show that the shear modulus, the relative magnetic residual shear modulus and glass transition temperatures of samples increase with the increment of toluene diisocyanate, while the relative MR effects and loss factors decrease steadily. The experimental results indicate that optimal molar ratio (TDI : PPG) is 3 : 1. The field-induced shear modulus of sample with molar ratio 3 : 1 is 4.9 MPa, and the relative MR effect is 121% under an external magnetic field of 800 mT at room temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


[Objective] Discussing the clinic characteristic and the principle of diagnosis and treatment of the common acute abdomen while pregnancy. [Methods] Retrospectively analyze 130 clinic cases which got acute abdomen within recent 10 years. [Results] 90 cases were acute appendicitis(69.2%).5cases death, mortality 3.8%. [Conclusions] The common acute abdomen while pregnancy is acute appendicitis. The operation indications shouldn′t be changed even if pregnancy, but the safty of the mother and fetus is still considered.


The Research type which is used in this thesis is quantitative research, with sample counted 99 employees in Company Of Sub-Province of Semarang. accurate variable cover giving of fee, Cultural of activity of Islami, Religiusitas, Performance Officer, Satisfaction of Activity. Method data collecting through kuesioner, data analysis use statistical and descriptive analysis with doubled linear regression. Under the result of research in PT Kamaltex, PT. Ungaran Gist, Sari of Garment, PT Apac of[is Core of indicating that: giving of fee have an effect on positive and significant to officer performance, Cultural of activity of Islami have an effect on positive and signifikan to Performance Officer, Religiusitas have an effect on positive and do not signifikan to Performance Officer, giving of fee have an effect on positive and signifikan to satisfaction of activity, Cultural of activity of Islami have an effect on positive and signifikan to satisfaction of activity, Religiusitas have an effect on positive and signifikan to satisfaction of activity, Satisfaction of activity have an effect on positive and signifikan to officer performance, Satisfaction of activity can memediasi influence of giving of fee to officer performance, Satisfaction of activity can cultural influence memediasi of activity of islami to officer performance, Satisfaction of activity can memediasi influence of religiusitas to officer performance in Company of Sub-Province of Semarang


Reliability of enzymatic localization in tissue sections by the simultaneous coupling techniques is dependent to a great extent upon the speed of coupling. Therefore, the influence on coupling rate of the structure of the diazonium ion and of the coupling component was studied. Electro-negative groups in the diazonium ion increase the rate of coupling, while the same groups in the coupling component decrease the rate. Electro-positive groups in the coupling component accelerate coupling, but slow it when present in the diazonium ion. The relation of coupling rate and electro-negativity of the substituents in the diazonium ion follows Hammett's equation (8). Although the relations is linear on coupling with aromatic hydroxy compounds, it is not so with aromatic amines. The most active diazonium ions showed no increase in coupling rate with aromatic amines. This suggests that for those enzymes hydrolyzing an ester link, increase of coupling rate might be accomplished by modifying the structure of either the coupling component used in the substrate or the diazonium salt. However, for enzymes splitting amide linkages, the only possibility of improving the localization is by modifying the structure of the coupling component.


A synthetic seismogram that closely resembles a seismic trace recorded at a well may not be at all reliable for, say, stratigraphic interpretation around the well. The most accurate synthetic seismogram is, in general, not the one that displays the smallest errors of fit to the trace but the one that best estimates the noise on the trace. If the match is confined to a short interval of interest or if the seismic reflection wavelet is allowed to be unduly long, there is considerable danger of forcing a spurious fit that treats the noise on the trace as part of the seismic reflection signal instead of making a genuine match with the signal itself. This paper outlines tests that allow an objective and quantitative evaluation of the accuracy of any match and illustrates their application with practical examples.

The accuracy of estimation is summarized by the normalized mean square error (NMSE) in the estimated reflection signal, which is shown to be

(/n)(PN/PS)

where PS/PN is the signal-to-noise power ratio and n is the spectral smoothing factor. That is, the accuracy varies directly with the ratio of the power in the signal (taken to be the synthetic) to that in the noise on the seismic trace, and the smoothing acts to improve the accuracy of the predicted signal. The construction of confidence intervals for the NMSE is discussed. Guidelines for the choice of the spectral smoothing factor n are given.

The variation of wavelet shape due to different realizations of the noise component is illustrated, and the use of confidence intervals on wavelet phase is recommended.

Tests are described for examining the normality and stationarity of the errors of fit and their independence of the estimated reflection signal.


This 1991 study assessed the subtidal fate of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 2 bays. A subtidal stratified random sampling design compared stations in the oiled Bay of Isles with stations in the reference Drier Bay. Thirty-five random sampling stations over 3 depth zones in each of the oiled and reference bays enabled generalization of the results. 12 non-randomly chosen stations were also sampled in the two bays. Sediment samples were analyzed for saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons, grain size and organic carbon. The statistical comparisons between the oiled and reference bays were based on PAH analyses. Four types of PAH were identified in the two bays; Alaska North Slope (ANS) petrogenic spill PAH; seep-derived natural petrogenic background PAH; pyrogenic PAH; and diagenetic PAH (perylene). The Bay of Isles sediments contained significantly higher levels of weathered ANS-PAH than Drier Bay. These levels were generally small compared with those of the petrogenic background PAH naturally present. The concentration of the natural petrogenic PAH component increased with increasing depth zone for each bay. Drier Bay, a location of past cannery and mining activity, had significantly greater levels of pyrogenic PAH than the Bay of Isles. All sediment PAH concentrations were well belowmore » the 4,000 ng/g total PAH concentration reported in the literature as a sublethal toxicity threshold value in sediments. The highest sediment ANSPAH concentration (201 ng/g) was 20 times lower than this value.« less


To the Editor: Omidi and Granick have appropriately promulgated the ''versatile V-Y flap for facial reconstruction.'' They mention only plastic surgeons in the role of assessing a number of factors regarding reconstruction and preservation of function and obtaining an optimal esthetic result. I assure these doctors that a number of specialties are keenly interested and participate in facial reconstruction, including my own. Although ''there are many roads to Rome'' in reconstructive surgery, I must raise a voice of polite dissent and disagree with several statements regarding V-Y flap design, construction, execution, and application. First, the statement that ''the donor site is then closed in a straight line'' must frequently violate the curved natural lines of the face, so the donor area's closure line should curve accordingly. If one cannot place it precisely in a natural curvature, the final closure line should parallel the natural line, lessening its visibility. Failure to design thusly results in unesthetic and visible incision scars, as seen in the authors' cases (Figures 2, 4, and 5). I also disagree that ''the skin must remain attached to the underlying tissues.'' This was disproved more than a quarter century ago, with a very extensive literature having evolved by a number of authors establishing the fact that, where subcutaneous tissue is available, bipedicled, single oblique, and angled subcutaneous pedicles are less visually obtrusive than the bulky monopedicled variety used by the authors, in which a convex insert deformity almost invariably results (Figures 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8). Undermining around the defect should be limited, not widespread and undirected, as should all undermining. Additional unnecessary random undermining is unwarranted and should be limited only to the tissue being used and moved for coverage and closure. By bluntly undermining immediately beneath the dermis of the island, significant loosening occurs, increased by unilateral or bilateral oblique dissection into the subcutaneous space. This dissection should be curved over the underlying tissues, especially on the fatty cheek. In advancing the island tissue toward the defect, an obliquely angled severing of the island's tail will allow even more forward movement than the lateral oblique dissection(s) alone, and a series of vertical ''relaxing incisions'' along the neurovascular subcutaneous pedicles can add to that forward movement. The forehead does not enjoy a depth of subcutaneous tissue, and V-Y flaps are, in my experience, not a good choice for this area. ''Double-opposing V-Y flaps'' (Figure 2) are even less advantageous than a single flap because none of the final scars lie obscured by the forehead's wrinkle lines. It is better for the surgeon to direct incisions into the midline or to use the forehead's major horizontal and radiating hemiforehead systems to evolve rotation flaps with the final scars hidden in those wrinkle lines. A laterally advancing island flap from the nose to the medial canthus, with its resulting epicanthal web (Figure 3), should be a distant choice when compared with a medially advancing rotation flap composed of the lower lid itself or even a small full-thickness skin graft from the eyelid or posterior ear. A great variety of other random circulation flaps are available for vermilion reconstruction, especially at the more superficial mucous membrane level, none of which give elevated convex deformities (Figure 7). Finally, islands of skin and subcutaneous tissue moving obliquely across the upper lip's wrinkle system become very obvious, with displaced mustache hair problems in the male and very visible convexly surfaced insets in the female. As with the forehead, an incision along the inferior nasolabial line or the superior vermilion border is appropriate, the second incision being placed along the radiating wrinkle lines of the upper lip (which move from vertical centrally to horizontal at the lateral commissure), triangulating the surgical defect and closing with a rotation flap so that the final scar lines are much less intrusive. The monopedicled flap's trapdoor deformities mentioned by the authors need not be ''repaired'' but, rather, treated early, serially, and with progressively increasing concentrations of triamcinolone until flattened.


The Section 8 Existing Housing Program, administered in Boston by the Boston Housing Authority Leased Housing Department, currently accounts for approximately 2,150 active Section 8 leases. This study analyses the locational patterns that have evolved over the program's history. Providers of housing service are classified by type and size. A database consisting of information on unit costs (rents, subsidy payments, utility allowances, tenant shares) and provider classification information is queried and program costs are analysed by neighborhood. Ownership patterns are analysed and locational data queried to determine whether or not rents in a voucher type program are location sensitive or whether owners "back into" program rents. Direct subsidy costs are calculated by neighborhood and unit size. Rent levels in fourteen Boston neighborhoods are analysed and conclusions drawn about the state of the rental market. The experience of the Boston Housing Authority with the Section 8 Existing Housing Program is analysed, questions about the housing market are addressed and directions for future research are charted. Thesis Supervisor: Langley Keyes Title: Professor


Potassiumpolytitanate(PPT) with different degree of protonation is proposed as a new kind of inorganic adsorbent for lithium ions recovery from natural aqueous solutions. The phase and chemical composition, as well as the particle size distribution of the sorbents are studied using XRD,XRFanalysis, and laser diffraction. The efficiency of lithium ions recovery and the adsorption process kineticsfor are investigatedusing standard solutions of lithium chloride. The sorption capacity and kinetic characterisitcsof the studied materials are estimated using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. Keyword Potassium Polytitanate, Protonation, Lithium, Kinetics, Sorption


In today's world, Cyberspace plays an essential part in an individual's life. Many people heavily depend on social media to get information and read the news. Such excessive reliance on Cyberspace, specifically on social media, has created vast room for many cybercrimes, such as the rapid spread of Fake News and misinformation. Additionally, the possibility of generating fake compelling content has become more accessible. Thanks to the rapid growth of the Internet and the adaption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. AI technologies are a two-edged sword. They are capable of positive improvements, e.g. detecting misinformation, fake or altered images and videos, identifying bots, and processing and retaining information better than humans. On the other hand, when used by malicious actors, there is a significant threat to the digital, physical, and political landscape. Additionally, the increasing use of social media platforms, specifically Facebook and Twitter, has allowed the public to spread opinions and information quickly, whether factual or not. Therefore, there is a need for further research and collaboration to understand how to identify and combat the spread of fake news and disinformation and prevent the malicious use of AI technologies whilst preventing infringement of privacy guidelines. To this end, in this study, we propose a conceptual framework to classify and detect fake news. The three-tier framework features characterisation and feature extraction, classification and detection, and the final feature is defence.


The 91st JPEG meeting was held online from 19 to 23 April 2021. This meeting saw several activities relating to holographic coding, notably the release of the JPEG Pleno Holography Call for Proposals, consolidated with the definition of the use cases and requirements for holographic coding and common test conditions that will assure the evaluation of the future proposals.


This paper describes the mulitblade coordinate transformation (MBC) modeling process that integrates the dynamics of individual wind turbine blades and expresses them as fixed frames.


This article reflects on governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a competitive strategy. It shows that synergies for achieving sustainable tourism destinations require innovation, inter-business cooperation, and public-private cooperation. The empirical analysis focuses on the island of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. The island is an outermost territory of the European Union, where the high number of tourists has an important socio-environmental impact. Fuerteventura has also been designated a Biosphere Reserve due to respect for its cultural, natural and scenic values and the manner in which commitment to renewable energy, responsible water management and responsible fishing have contributed to its sustainable development. This recognition has led to a coordinated decision-making process, which has resulted in the implementation of different plans to modernize this tourist destination. In fact, the island has been divided into three basic zones that differ in the conservation levels pursued and the activities allowed in each of them. In this context, this article aims to analyze the influence of innovation, private-public collaboration and private-private collaboration on tourist accommodation companies regarding their level of integration of CSR in an island designated as a Biosphere Reserve.


Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Beyond Contract? Dualist Legacies, Late--Modern Anxieties and the Sanctity of the Child. Modernity, Contract and the Public/Private Binary. The Pursuit of Equality and Late--Modern Anxieties. The Sanctity of the Child. Connections Imperilled. The Impossibility of Children in the Sex Trade. 2. Prostitutes, Children, and Slaves. The Anomaly of Prostitution. International Debates on Prostitution: Division and Consensus. The Child as Object. The Variability of Prostitution. Slavery and Freedom. Unfree Prostitution in Context. 3. On Child Prostitutes as Objects, Victims and Subjects. Poverty Plus?. Factoring in Other Forms of Oppression. Children as Agents. Boundary Troubles Revisited. Victims of Childhood?. 4. Child Migration and a Traffickinga . What is a Traffickinga ?. The Politics of a Traffickinga : Part 1. The Politics of a Traffickinga : Part 2. a Traffickinga Defined?. Voluntary/Forced and Adult/Child Dualisms Revisited. Continuums and Impermanence in Prostitution. Global Subjects. Between Grief and Nothing. 5. a Paedophiliaa , Pornography and Prostitution. Paedophilia and Sexual Politics. The Child, the Paedophile, and Subject--Object Troubles. Consuming Desire: the Case of Child Pornography. Paedophilia and Commercially Produced Pornography. Paedophiles and Prostitution. Beyond Paedophilia. 6. Children in Mainstream Prostitution: the Problem of Demand. Who Buys Sex?. Why Consume Commercial Sexual Services?. Choosing Children. Demand for Embodied Labour. Policy Implications. 7. Child Sex Tourism. a Paedophiles who Travel Abroada and Campaigns Against Them. Blurring the Boundary. Travel, Sex and Inequality. The Scene and the Obscene. Saying a No to Child Sex Tourism!a . 8. Beyond Binaries. Redemption Songs. Re--imagining the Subject and the Social Bond. Notes. References. Index.


The author introduces the monolayer light portal frame structure and its characteristic,discusses the design of the portal frame light structure from the structure form,the structural arrangement,the frame design and the component design of the accessory structure,puts forward the principles followed in the design of the light portal frame structure to perfect the design of the structure.


We introduce the mixed product of three vectors spanning four molecular locations as a descriptor of optical isomerism. This descriptor is very efficient as it does not require molecular superposition, and is very robust in discriminating between a given isomer and its mirror image. In particular, conformaccepted 24 August 2010 vailable online 29 September 2010


Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Growth impairment induced by radiation treatments was rarely evaluated. We aimed to study the impacts of radiotherapy on height development and identify the dosimetric constraints.

 A total of 148 pediatric patients diagnosed with GCTs were retrospectively analyzed. Sex, age at irradiation, physical doses and biologically effective dose (BED), height, and endocrine status were obtained from patient records. The cumulative change in height was assessed using age-matched normalized height (ANH). Variables were assessed for correlations and statistical significance.

 Cumulative physical doses and BEDs for the whole brain and pituitary were derived via DVHs and BEDVHs. In contrast to patients >11.5 yr, linear correlations between ANH and cumulative physical doses as well as BEDs to the whole brain and pituitary were identified in patients≤11.5 yr. Dosimetric constrains to the pituitary was 36 Gy for physical dose (AUC=0.70 [95% CI, 0.54-0.86], P< 0.05) and 63 Gy2 BED (AUC=0.69 [95% CI, 0.53-0.86], P< 0.05). Intriguingly, no significant differences in ANH were found among different CSI dose groups in patients ≤11.5 yr. (all P>0.05). Impaired hormone secretions in terms of GH and TSH were identified following cranial irradiation (both P< 0.001), particularly for those with tumors at the suprasellar region (GH: P< 0.01, TSH: P< 0.001).

 Our study revealed the impacts of age, dosimetrics and tumor locations for growth impairment. This study will contribute to the optimization of radiation treatment planning and facilitate more individualized therapeutic strategies in pediatric patient with GCTs.


Conditions are specified for thorium determination in the presence of rare earths and zirconium by means of arsenazo III, and a photometric method is suggested for the determination of 0.0002-0.5% of Th in complex natural materials. Iodate separntion from a tartaric-nitric acid medium in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was used for thorium separation from the accompanying elements (Zr, Ca, and rare earths). (auth)


Introduction: Social determinants of health, such as food insecurity, contribute to chronic health conditions, decreased quality of life, and health disparities. Increasingly, healthcare systems seek to address social determinants of health by integrating medical and social care. Description: Eskenazi Health Center Pecar is a Federally Qualified Health Center providing comprehensive primary care to vulnerable patients in Indianapolis, IN, USA. This health center, in coalition with community partners, established and continually developed an integrated food pantry model to address food insecurity, improve nutrition education, and support patient access to healthy food. Discussion: Food insecurity and poor nutrition are common in primary care and contribute to the incidence and outcomes of chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Long-term management of food assistance and nutrition programs requires substantial resources, partnerships, and leadership. We describe lessons learned in food pantry partnership, funding, logistics, and sustainability in a collaborative food access model integrated into healthcare. These lessons learned can be utilized by other health systems to scale up and accelerate strategies to better address food security and nutrition education. This paper articulates best practices for integrating a food pantry model within primary care with the goal of long-term sustainability and direct impact on patient health outcomes.


Object To study the chemical constituent and the bioactivity in the bark of Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun Methods By bioactive following method, the extracts of both EtOAc and n BuOH in the bark of T odorum were screened for in vitro anti tumor activity Results Five constituents were obtained Among them, three from EtOAc fraction belonged to germacranolides They were costunolide (Ⅰ), parthenolide (Ⅱ) and dihydroparthenolide (Ⅲ) The other two were from the fraction of n BuOH, one was an oxoaporphinoid alkaloid, liriodenine (Ⅳ), and the last was a furanone, 2, 3 dihydroxyl 2 methyl butylrolactone (Ⅴ) Conclusion All the above five compounds are found for the first time from this plant Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ show the cytotoxic activities against a variety of tumor cell strains, respectively


A series of nine linear quadridentate ligands with amine, pyridine, and quinoline donor groups of different steric and electronic demand were prepared for complexation with CuX and CuX2 halide salts. Select Cu(II) complexes were reacted with either AgPF6 or NaBPh4 to generate dicationic di-PF6 salts and monocationic halo-BPh4 complexes, respectively. These Cu complexes with different oxidation states, counterions, and chelate ligands were screened as catalysts for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in toluene or anisole solution at 80 °C. Catalysts were generated in situ or were isolated prior to subsequent introduction to the reaction media. Copper metal was added to all polymerizations of precomplexed catalyst systems (i.e., all Cu(II) complexes and those prepared ahead of time from CuBr). Molecular weight vs percent monomer conversion and kinetics plots are provided to illustrate the level of control that was achieved under various conditions. PDIs of poly(meth...


The research of a novel neodymium( Ⅲ) complex synthesized with terephthalic acid and citric acid as ligands by hydrothermal method was introduced. According to the infrared, ultraviolet, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry,thermogravimetric analysis on the characterization,the results indicated that the complex had strong fluorescence emission peak at 372. 0 nm. In the potential range of- 0. 3 ~ 0. 4 V,electrochemical properties of the complex were researched,and it showed obvious electrochemical activity within the scope of this potential.


Three sandy soils differing in humus content and three clay soils differing in clay content were supplied with heavy metals to determine which loading rate of each single metal should be regarded as critical from the viewpoint of crop yield and metal content dependent on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), which in USDA recommendations is used as a measure of the loading capacity of soils with heavy metals


In this paper we will show how Italian electronic dictionaries have been built within the methodological framework of Lexicon-grammar. We will see the structure of electronic dictionaries of simple a nd compound words, and we will show how to analyse texts employing these linguistic tools within INTEX, a morphological analyser. Finally, we will show how electronic grammars (built with INTEX) interact with dictionaries and allow recognition of sequences of simple and compound words in large corpora.


Oxidative stress implies an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or a decreased capacity to metabolize them. Recent studies suggested that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury and dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension, which are two major causes of ESRD. In these diseases, oxygen radicals are increased and contribute to diabetic nephropathy and hypertension by enhancing renal vascular tone, sensitivity to vasoconstrictors, inflammatory cell infiltration and tubuloglomerular feedback. ROS induced nitric oxide inactivation and induction of stress activated signaling pathways are main underlying mechanisms for ROS induced tissue injury and dysfunction. Treatment with pharmacological antioxidant agents such as TEMPOL (superoxide disqmutase mimetic) reverses many of these injury and dysfunction underlying the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and hypertension.


Recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing 60 GHz wireless personal area networks (WPANs) for short-range high-speed wireless communications. Both industrial and standardization organizations such as IEEE 802.15.3c and IEEE 802.11ad are making considerable efforts to bring the very high data rate (up to several Gbps) WPANs into reality. In this work, we develop an NS-2 extension for simulating 60 GHz WPANs, based on which we conduct a comprehensive simulation study to investigate the impacts of antenna directivity and CSMA/CA operation modes on the throughput of 60 GHz WPANs. Observations from extensive simulation results provide valuable insights and guidelines in designing future MAC schemes for 60 GHz WPANs with directional antennas.


In recent years, German companies have invested more in research and development (RD concurrently R&D expenditure in Germany has continued to rise sharply. Growth abroad did not occur at the expense of domestic research. Foreign companies in Germany have also invested more in R&D recently but have not yet topped the 2011 record high. Measured by stocks of foreign direct investment, they should still have some potential for higher expenditure in R&D. In international comparison, the growth in private R&D investment in Germany in recent years was high. This was mainly driven by German companies with R&D abroad.


Dhansiri valley constitutes the southern part of Assam shelf which falls in Assam and Assam Arakan basin located in the northeastern part of India. The Assam shelf represents structurally disturbed thrust fold belt placed between two major orogenic belts; namely the Himalayan Mountain ranges to the north and Naga Hills to the east. The area is mainly represented by sedimentary succession ranging in age from Permian to recent. A maximum thickness of over 5 km is observed in the southeastern part of the basin. In addition to the fractured basement of PreCambrian age a number of commercial hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs occur in the Dhansiri valley ranging in age from Paleocene to Miocene, Tectonically the area has been evolved through rift, drift and collision stages, resulting in complex structural history and varied sedimentary facies distribution. The area is characterized by a series of horst and graben structures related to initial rifting stage, followed by passive margin setting and finally transformed to foreland basin during Mio-Pliocene. In this poly tectonic setup the hydrocarbons are established almost in all the stratigraphic horizons including the fractured basement. The hydrocarbon plays in different fault blocks are different at different stratigraphic levels. The hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs are mainly sandstone with good porosity and permeability and occasionally within the limestone. Shallow marine thick carbonaceous shale of Late Eocene age is the mature source rock for the generation of hydrocarbon in the study area. The study indicates that the major hydrocarbon accumulations in the Dhansiri valley are at deeper stratigraphic levels within the horst and graven structures towards the Schuppen belt in the S E and relatively small hydrocarbon accumulations are observed at shallower stratigraphic level restricted in the hanging wall side, away from Schuppen belt. The hydrocarbon accumulations are essentially controlled by structural elements rather than stratigraphic plays. Systematic study of identifying the play types helps in minimizing the exploration risk in order to identify areas of potential hydrocarbon prospects.


Abstract –The Thévenin equivalent electromagnetic transient model of the full-bridge modular multi-level converter adopts Dommel's Algorithm to discretize individual capacitor to maintain the identity of each switching level and achieves significant CPU time savings. This article presents an enhanced integral full-bridge modular multi-level converter model with built-in efficient sorting algorithms. Basically it achieves further speedup from the traditional equivalent algorithm by assuming the switch's "OFF" condition as an ideal open circuit, by using the A-stable backward Euler integration method instead of the trapezoidal rule to discretize the individual capacitor in each sub-module and by using the proposed efficient capacitor voltage sorting algorithm. Then the blocking implementation method and the way to simulate the open and short-circuit faults of the internal full-bridge modular multi-level converter devices are also provided to make the full-bridge modular multi-level converter model complete and effective. The validity and scalabilities of the presented model are demonstrated using closed-loop simulation of a back-to-back high-voltage DC system and open-loop simulations of full-bridge modular multi-level converters. The results obtained from both demonstrations have shown that the presented integral model is able to accurately simulate the typical behaviors of the full-bridge modular multi-level converter during normal operation and AC/DC network transients.


This research is based on a longitudinal two-year case study of a merger between an Art & Design faculty and an Architecture faculty within a UK university. Our study provides a detailed narrative account of a process of individual identity change. In particular, we focus on identity regulation and identity work relating to significant changes to the Art & Design faculty. For example, changes relating to the introduction of new academic practices, which are strongly associated with the Architecture faculty, and to increasing expectation and encouragement for managers to 'step up' as more visible strategic leaders. Our findings contribute to the literature on identity work through a summary process model which explains how identity change occurs over time.


The new materials obtained in the potassium polytitanate (PPT)–MnSO4 system by modifying PPT in aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate of various concentrations, followed by thermal treatment and annealing at 1080°C, were synthesized and studied. The phase composition of the obtained materials was determined. Their electrochemical and electrophysical properties in the temperature range from 250 to 700°C were studied. The maximum volumetric and intergranular conductivities of the obtained materials were observed at 250°C (9 · 10−4 and 6 · 10−4 S/cm, respectively) in the samples containing 25 wt.% MnO. The value of the activation energy of the conductivity in the volume of grains and grain boundaries was 0.37 and 0.45 eV, respectively. It was shown that the permittivity at the frequency of 1 kHz varies from 103 to 5 · 105 depending on the temperature and manganese oxide content.


Though Multipliers play a major role in all digital processing systems, still there is a research challenge related with area, delay, power, speed and accuracy parameters. Basically multipliers contains more number of adders (i.e.,) multiplication is done by repetitive additions. Highest care should be taken on adders. Partial Products (PP) part is middle process between multiplier, multiplicand and final addition. Next one about the methodology that Serial/parallel, Pipeline/parallel, Floating/decimal, Array, Binary/BCD, Fixed/Variable, Gate Level/Transistor Level. All the predecessors are having more controversy parameters. The forthcoming research concentrated on parallel, pipelining, decimal, binary and transistor level.


Preface.Chapter Two: Unrelated Business Income.2.1 Introduction-General Principles of the Unrelated Business Income Tax.2.2 Statutory Exceptions to Unrelated Business Income.2.3 Income from Controlled Organizations.2.5 Unrelated Debt-Financed Income.Chapter Three: Common Activities Conducted by Colleges and Universities That Raise Unrelated Business Income Tax Concerns.3.3 Advertising Income.3.4 Corporate Sponsorship Payments.3.6 Travel Tours.3.7 Operation of Parking Lots.3.8 Participation in Partnerships.3.10 Use of Recreational Facilities by General Public.3.13 Affinity Credit Cards.3.14 Sale, Rental, or Exchange of Mailing Lists.3.18 Conferences, Meetings, and Training Programs.3.21 Intellectual Property Issues.3.22 Internet Fundraising and Advertising Issues.3.23 Ownership of S Corporation Stock.3.23A Sale of Products Derived from Conduct of Related Activity (New).Chapter Four: Employment Taxes.4.2 Employee Versus Independent Contractor Classification.4.3 Social Security Tax Exemption for Students.4.6 Classification of Termination, Early Retirement, Royalty, and Settlement Payments.4.6A Student Loans Forgiven in Return for Subsequent Services (New).4.6B Deferred Compensation Payments (New).Chapter Five: Fringe Benefits.5.2 The Section 132 Rules.5.3 Fringe Benefits Typically Provided by Colleges and Universities.Chapter Six: Charitable Contribution Deductions.6.2 Bona Fide Transfer of Money or Property.6.3 Permissible Donees.6.4 No Consideration Received in Return.6.4A Gifts of Patents and Related Rights (New).6.5 The Substantiation and Disclosure Requirements.6.8 Contributions Made in Trust.6.10 Charitable Split-Dollar Life Insurance.Chapter Seven: Scholarships and Fellowships.7.2 The Section 117 Rules.7.4 Qualified Tuition Reductions.7.5 Section 117(C)-Distinguishing Between Scholarship/Fellowship Grants and Compensation.7.6A Tax-Free Discharges of Student Loans (New).Chapter Eight: Income Tax Withholding and Reporting on Payments to Resident Aliens.8.3 Determining U.S. Taxable Income. 8.5 U.S. Tax Withholding Obligations.8.8 Income Tax Treaties. 8.12 Tax Treatment of Immigration-Related Expenses Paid by Colleges And Universities (New).Chapter Nine: Special Issues and Problems.9.1 Exemption Issues.9.2 Related Entities.9.3 Section 403(B) and Other Retirement Plans.9.4 Tax-Exempt Bonds.9.5 Conducting Activities Overseas.9.6 Form 990 Filing Issues.9.7 State Colleges and Universities.9.8 Education Tax Incentives.Chapter Ten: IRS Audits of Colleges and Universities.10.3 The Examination.10.12 The Attorney-Client and Work Product Privileges.Cumulative Table of IRS Revenue Rulings.Cumulative Table of IRS Revenue Procedures.Cumulative Table of IRS General Counsel Memoranda.Cumulative Table of IRS Private Letter Rulings.Cumulative Table of IRS Technical Advice Memoranda.Cumulative Table of Cases.Index.


The aim of this study is to examine the effects of marketing goal of exhibitors and visitors' engagement on exhibition performance of exhibitors in trade show. The exhibition performance was empirically verified as non-selling performance (image building, relationship building, and information gathering performance) and selling performance. For this study, data were collected from 186 exhibitors of SIMTOS(Seoul International Manufacturing Technology Show) in 2016. The hypotheses testing was executed by path analysis using AMOS 18.0. The findings of this study showed that setting the marketing goal of exhibitor had a positive effect on visitors' engagement and non-selling performance. However, visitors' engagement turned out to have an only significant effect on image building and relationship building performance. Based on the results of this study, the both theoretical and managerial implications are suggested.