Advances in fabrication technique and more importantly the concept of microminiaturization for realization of highly reliable components have created a need for extension and adaptation of network theory in order to characterize the integrated structures of distributed natures of their active and passive elements. The present study intends to focus on the analysis of the performance characteristics of a two-port four-terminal sub-network of a distributed R-C-KR microstructure under varying resistive loading. The structure is made up of two rectangular resistive films of per-unit-length (p.u.l) series impedance's R=Ro exp (kx) and KR respectively and separated from each other by a dielectric film of p.u.l shunt capacitance C=Co exp (-kx). Here Ro and Co are resistive and capacitive constants respectively, k being the exponential taper constant and K is the ratio of the resistivity of one layer to that of another layer with l (shown by distance variable x) representing the length of the films. The circuit under study is found to have some vital design parameters, which were not reported earlier that could serve as guidelines for a system designer to obtain pre-assigned patterns of the performance characteristics of the microstructure. The inter relationship of different parameters with each other for comparative explanation to help designer to arrive at quick conclusions is presented. It is shown that the band-reject centre frequency u/sub /spl infin// remains constant for a particular set of parameters for all values of resistive loading. The effect of positive and negative tapering on such a sub-network under a wide range of load fluctuations are reported important characteristics comparing the gradual changes in parametric values of uniform and non-uniform microstructures have also been included.


The authors have adopted the traditional approach with a systematic examination of a wide range of disorders. There is an introductory section on physics and instrumentation which is treated with considerable detail. Concise discussions of neoplastic, inflammatory, vascular, degenerative, and traumatic disorders of the brain and craniofacial area follow. Pediatric and developmental abnormalities are also addressed.


Myeloid malignancies including AML, CMML, MPN and MDS are considered clonal blood disorders. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with mutation(s) in AML-related genes such as TET2 or DNMT3A represent what are commonly defined as preleukemic HSPCs. The selection and expansion of preleukemic-HSPC clones precedes the development of AML. Additionally, preleukemic-HSPCs can transform through serial acquisition of additional somatic mutations over time and contribute to the development of full-blown AML. What is unclear is the nature of environmental signals that might contribute to the "switch" from a preleukemic state to a leukemic state in these cells. In this context, inflammation has been hypothesized to play an essential role, but precisely how inflammatory signals influence the growth, survival, differentiation and the overall engraftment potential of preleukemic-HSPCs is yet to be determined. Mouse models carrying loss of function alleles in Tet2 or Dnmt3a manifest an expanded HSPC pool, including a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched fraction defined by cell surface markers Lineage-/Sca-1+/c-Kit+ (LSK). Some of these genetically modified mice go on to develop CMML or MPN with modest penetration when aged. Majority of pre-leukemic mutations on their own are insufficient to cause AML in mice, suggesting that a single mutation among the above-described mutations define a pre-leukemic state and perhaps additional cooperating mutations are necessary to provide a more effective selection advantage for preleukemic-HSPC leading to the development of full-blown leukemia. Inflammation has been linked to tumor induction and transformation in solid tissues. Inflammation caused by environmental exposure, infection, autoimmunity, or ageing may result in mutations and genomic instability in somatic cells as well as in reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (i.e. through regulating angiogenesis and expression of cytokines and chemokines). Considering that both innate and adaptive immune cells are generated from HSPCs and are involved in regulating local as well as whole-body inflammatory processes, the relationship between inflammation and hematopoietic malignancies is likely to be complex. While the influence of inflammatory stress on normal HSPCs has recently gained significant attention, little is known about how preleukemic HSPCs respond to inflammation. Because HSPCs reside in the bone marrow and are surrounded by mature immune cells, the inflammatory microenvironment is likely to influence the growth and self-renewal of these cells in part by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In support of this hypothesis are epidemiologic findings demonstrating that infection may act as a trigger for AML development in humans. In the present study, we asked whether Tet2-deficient HSPCs maintain growth and survival advantage during pathological stress by examining how Tet2-KO preleukemic-HSPCs respond to acute and chronic inflammation. We show a rapid increase in the frequency and absolute number of Tet2-deficient mature myeloid cells and HSPCs in response to acute inflammatory stress, which results in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and resistance to apoptosis. Functionally, Tet2-deficient preleukemic-HSPCs showed resistance to inflammation-induced damage and apoptosis relative to controls. IL-6 induces hyperactivation of the Shp2-Stat3 signaling axis, resulting in increased expression of a novel anti-apoptotic lncRNA Morrbid in Tet2-KO myeloid cells and HSPCs. Expression of activated Shp2 in HSPCs phenocopies Tet2 loss, with regard to hyperactivation of Stat3 and Morrbid. In vivo, pharmacologic inhibition of Shp2 or Stat3 or genetic loss of Morrbid in Tet2-deficient mice rescues inflammatory stress-induced abnormalities in HSPCs and mature myeloid cells including clonal hematopoiesis. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory drugs E3330 and SHP099, which suppress the hyper-activation of Morrbid, could be of clinical benefit for TET2 mutations-induced clonal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Our results provide insight into the selection advantage that might render Tet2-deficient HSPCs susceptible to transformation and suggest that anti-inflammation therapy could be of clinical benefit for individuals carrying TET2 mutations.

 Kelley: Apexian Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Mohseni:Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research: Employment.


A design of stand-alone solar lighting system based on super capacitor energy-storage module was introduced,including energy-storage module,charging circuit,regulator output circuit and microwave detection-delay circuit of optical control.And by testing the design of the system performance,good expectations were achieved.As the super capacitor performance develops and cost-effective solar cells continuously improve,the stand-alone solar lighting system has a broad market.


Based on the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), we studied the percolation process of water on the Earth's land surface and discovered a universal discontinuous phase transition across scales, with a critical TWI threshold of 0.671 (0.054). The discontinuity is attributed to the long-range correlation and directionality of the percolation process. Furthermore, the criticality is shown to extend from the critical point to a region corresponding to the Griffiths phase, where natural lake systems are found to develop, indicating the governess of self-organized criticality within the Earth system.


Touch-trigger probe is the most widely precision probe used in CMMs, probe trigger pre-travel error is one major factor affecting the dynamic measurement accuracy of CMMs. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the switch displacement, elastic bending of measuring rod, contact deformation and probe frictional sliding in the process of trigger and builds trigger pre-travel error model of probe. Through modeling and simulation, this paper proposes to control the direction of touch-trigger inside the critical angle so as to decrease the touch-trigger pre-travel error.


Many researchers have investigated the relationship among stock prices, inflation and money supply in order to find some dependence. The aim of the paper is to assess this relationship in the United States over the period from 2005 to 2014. The dependence of inflation on S&P 500 Index, the dependence of monetary aggregate M1 on S&P 500 Index and the dependence of monetary aggregate M1 on inflation are examined. Author uses linear regression analysis in order to examine the degree of the dependence between variables. The delays when the coefficient of determination is the highest and when it is the lowest are found for each of the three dependences. Results show that the use of linear regression model is the most suitable when the reaction of monetary aggregate M1 on change in inflation is delayed. Understanding the empirical relationship between stock prices and monetary variables such as inflation and money supply can be very useful for academics, investment professional and monetary policy makers, usually central banks.


Abstract: Objective To evaluate the value of 99mTc -TRODAT-1 SPECT DAT imaging for assessing the degree about the severity of Parkinson Disease. Methods Eighteen healthy subjects, twenty-three patients with Parkinson Disease were studied by 99mTc -TRODAT-1 SPECT DAT imaging. Striatum specific uptake of 99mTc -TRODAT-1 was calculated according to the ratio of Striatum and cerebellum. The degree about the severity of patients with Parkinson Disease was evaluated by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr disability score. Results Significant negative correlation were found between scores of total UPDRS,activities of Daily Living,Motor examination and the ST/CB ratio of 99Tc -TRODAT-1 uptake. There were not correlation between the score of Mentation Behavior and Mood,ages of patiens with Parkinson Disease and the ST/CB ratio. Conclusion 99mTc -TRpDAT-1 SPECT DAT imaging can help us to assess the the degree about the severity of Parkinson Disease.


Abstract Extract A gram-negative pleomorphic facultative aerobic organism, indistinguishable morphologically and culturally from that isolated from suppurative epididymitis in rams and described by Dodd & Hartley (1955), has, over the last five years, been isolated at this laboratory on more than ten occasions from polytenosynovitis and pyaemia in lambs, and on one occasion from mastitis in a ewe. It still remains to characterize and classify this organism, but Roberts has made a detailed comparison of it with his Histophilus ovis (Roberts, 1956) and considers that the two are indistinguishable (Roberts, 1958, pers. comm.).


Generally concept of smart grid and demand side management revolves around two way integrated communications between power user and power supplier, but in this paper we would like to present the role of Smart Meters in Demand Side Management based on Decentralized Energy Consumption Scheduling for Future Smart Grid. We give a smart solution of overcoming power failures, blackouts and load shedding due to over load/maximum demand over consumption by efficient Energy Consumption Scheduling


Open innovation literature identifies independent inventors as a source of novel external knowledge. This knowledge may be licensed into an organisation in order to supplement internal R&D activity, typically as part of an inbound open innovation strategy. In opening an organisation up to approaches from individuals the capacity of the core team to identify promising licensing opportunities is diminished by the sheer volume and variable quality of approaches received. Based on a survey of 202 UK independent inventors this paper utilises a resource-based approach to identify the key resources possessed by successful independent inventors. Using this data, we devise a preliminary screening tool to facilitate technology in-licensing from independent inventors.


In this paper,(E)1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione2-[O-(2-oxo-2-phenylacetyl)oxime] was synthesized and its photoinitiation property as a photoinitiator is slso studied.It had the similar performance to other commercial photoinitiators when it was cured with UV lamp.But it had the best performance when it was cured with sunlight in the presence of oxygen.


A new, to our knowledge, technique for determining the modal content of partially coherent beams that are made up of an incoherent superposition of Hermite-Gaussian modes is studied. The algorithm makes use of the intensity profile of the beam at an arbitrarily chosen transverse plane. Analytical derivations are presented for a Gaussian Schell-model source and flat-topped beams, as well as an analysis of their performances in the presence of experimental errors and noise. Numerical simulations are performed to test the accuracy and the stability of the recovery algorithm.


In this paper, we suggest and analyse a new viscosity semi-implicit midpoint iterative scheme for strict pseudo-contractions and -generalized hybrid mappings in real Hilbert space. Further, some strong convergence theorems for finding a common fixed point of strict pseudo-contractions and -generalized hybrid mappings are proved. And some applications are provided to quasi-variational inclusion problems. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate our results.


The magnetic susceptibility of the title compound has been examined over the 5-320 K temperature range. The results have been analyzed by use of a spin-system Hamiltonian that includes two Heisenberg AF coupling parameters, J 12 =J+ΔJ 12 and J 34 =J+ΔJ 34 , for the ferric (β) pair and the mixed-valence (α) pair, respectively, and one resonance delocalization parameter B for the α pair


The chemical stability and antioxidative activity of the two kinds of watersoluble pigment material extracted from Japanese red Perilla and local Perilla were investigated. The results showed that the chemical properties of two kinds of Perillas were quite different; Pigment stability of Japanese red Perilla to heat and light was better than that of local Perilla. Both of antioxidative activity and contents of polyphenol and pigment of Japanese red Perilla are higher than that of local Perilla. There was a significant correlation between the antioxidative activity of Perillas and the level of contents of polyphenol and pigment. It was proved that there was a direct contribution of polyphenol and pigment in antioxidative activity of Perillas.


The vertical‐viewing electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on DIII‐D will be used to assess the nonthermal electron distributions resulting from electron cyclotron heating and electron cyclotron current drive experiments. Electron cyclotron emission along a vertical chord is collected using an ellipsoidal focusing mirror and retroreflector (the latter to minimize wall reflections). The emission is then transported ∼20 m using a quasioptical transport system composed of eight lenses and three mirrors, and detected between the 2nd and the 10th harmonics by a fast‐scanning (40‐Hz) Michelson interferometer. The entire system has been aligned using a Gaussian beam simulator and absolutely calibrated in situ using a cold liquid‐nitrogen bath. Details of the design, installation, and calibration will be discussed.


A leitmotif of Being and Time is the attempt to reverse the classical priority of actuality over possibility: instead of understanding the possible in terms of the actual – as "arising out of the actual and returning to it" – Heidegger insists on grasping possibility as the primordial notion. Nowhere is it more evident than in his complex treatment of death and dying. Death is exactly that possibility which offers nothing actual in terms of which to grasp it; death only is in our ever being-toward it. I focus on Heidegger's characterization of being-toward-death as rooted in, and a concretion of, Dasein's being-toward-itself. This approach yields an interpretation of the notorious "possibility of impossibility" formulation that is diametrically opposed to the so-called "world-collapse" interpretations. I then explore why, and in what sense, Dasein's being-toward-itself needs a concretion and draw conclusions about the organization of Being and Time as whole.


It is desirable to predict the behavior of traffic participants conditioned on different planned trajectories of the autonomous vehicle. This allows the downstream planner to estimate the impact of its decisions. Recent approaches for conditional behavior prediction rely on a regression decoder, meaning that coordinates or polynomial coefficients are regressed. In this work we revisit set-based trajectory prediction, where the probability of each trajectory in a predefined trajectory set is determined by a classification model, and first-time employ it to the task of conditional behavior prediction. We propose RESET, which combines a new metric-driven algorithm for trajectory set generation with a graph-based encoder. For unconditional prediction, RESET achieves comparable performance to a regression-based approach. Due to the nature of set-based approaches, it has the advantageous property of being able to predict a flexible number of trajectories without influencing runtime or complexity. For conditional prediction, RESET achieves reasonable results with late fusion of the planned trajectory, which was not observed for regression-based approaches before. This means that RESET is computationally lightweight to combine with a planner that proposes multiple future plans of the autonomous vehicle, as large parts of the forward pass can be reused.


It analyzes the mutual relation between consciousness and graphical representation in building creation,discusses manifestating different latent consciousness and performance consciousness from different time and different region,forming corresponding graphical representation,and indicates that subjective consciousness of designer make the design trend to have unique individual color,it is a not neglecting part in analyzing building work.


: This paper introduces two approaches to automate the design of pipe-systems in a continuous 3D space to assist designers to deal with the high number of constraints of the pipe routing problem. This work assimilates a pipe to a succession of straight sections and bends in which possible bends are restricted to a bend catalog containing orthogonal and non orthogonal bends. As a preliminary work, both methods ignore obstacles but take into account pipe section orientations to deal with asymmetrical pipe sections. To do so, a graph of reachable pipe orientations is generated from the bend catalog. Then, the first approach enumerates valid bend combinations using the previous graph and computes the optimal length of straight sections for each combination using a Linear Program. The second one formulates the pipe routing problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming problem based on enumerated reachable orientations. Both approaches are tested on realistic scenarios inspired by industrial problems.


This study analyses bank lending in the larger context of bank-firm relations within the Bulgarian currency board. It focuses on the 'intersection' of credit supply and demand on the side of banks and firms simultaneously. We suggest both traditional and new hypotheses corresponding to the specific conditions of the Bulgarian ownership change, transitional corruption and other institutional and political factors. The cross-section model is based on a survey on Bulgarian banks and authors' firm-level database. The study found that the dynamics and structure of credit is affected mainly by the features of the institutional environment, whereas the 'resource' and traditional factors became secondary. During the period 1998 – 2001, a separation of the banking sector activity from the activity of the real sector in Bulgaria was observed. In the new conditions of currency board, the dual sector of enterprises and the specific institutional environment continue their existence. Despite its disciplining effect the currency board by itself is not sufficiently effective to overcome the remaining 'institutional obstacles, associated mainly with the inefficiency of the judicial system, corruption, state capture, uncertain property rights, etc.


Infrared transmission spectra of the atmosphere above 11-km altitude were obtained in December 1982 and April/May 1983 from a NASA Convair 990 aircraft. The observations on the first flight series encompassed low and middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere, while the observations on the second series covered a wide range of latitudes in both hemisphere. We have analyzed these data to derive the optical depth of the El Chichon volcanic cloud at a wavelength of 8.4 μm. Comparison of these values with concurrent measurements by Dutton and DeLuisi of the cloud's optical depth at 0.5 μm leads to the ratio of the cloud's infrared to visible optical depth, R. We analyzed the observed spectra by ratioing pairs of spectra taken at similar latitudes, but different air masses and comparing these ratio spectra with synthetic ones. The synthetic spectra allow for absorption by gases (O3, H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2O) as well as extinction by the cloud particles. Extinction by the cloud particles is particularly important in the 8- to 9-μm region. We obtain an average value for R of 0.25±0.05. Our data imply that concentrated sulfuric acid was the dominant source of aerosol extinction in the 8-to 12-μm window region of the Earth's atmosphere and that the volume modal particle radius equalled 0.6±0.1 μ at the time of our observations. At these times, the volcanic particles produced a significant warming of the lower stratosphere and had a nontrivial impact on the radiation budget of the troposphere and ground in the northern hemisphere.


Objective To investigate the association of two SNPs presented at transcobalamin 2(TCN2) gene with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P) in Chinese population.Methods Genotyping of rs10418 and rs1801198 presented at TCN2 gene was conducted by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) in both patient and control group.The χ2 goodness-of-fit test was applied to test whether or not the genotypic distributions of two SNP would be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The UNPHASED program was used to perform allelic and genotypic association and haploptype analysis.Results The genotypic distribution of 2 SNP was not deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Neither allelic nor haplotypic association was found between NSCL/P and control.Rs10418 TT were more susceptible to NSCL/P.Conclusion Rs 10418 TT genotype of TCN2 gene may be the risk to the occurrence of NSCL/P.


Phloem unloading indeveloping leaves ofBetavulgaris L.('Klein E' multigerm) occurred fromsuccessively higher order branches ofveins as leaves matured. Phloem unloading wasstudied inautoradiographs ofleaf samples taken atvarious times during thearrival ofapulse of'4C-labeled photoassimilate. Extension ofmassflowofsieve element contents into leaf veinbranches wasdetermined fromthehighlevel ofradiolabel in veins soonafter first arrival ofthepulse. Rapid entry, indicative ofmass flowthrough opensieve pores, occurred downtothefourth division of veins inyoung, importing leaves andtothefifth orterminal branch in importing regions nearthezoneoftransition fromsink tosource. The rate ofunloading decreased withleaf age, asevidenced bytheincreased timerequired forthevein-mesophyll demarcation tobecomeobscured. Therate ofimport perunit leaf area, measured bysteady state labeling with'4CO2 alsodecreased asa leaf matured. Thedecline inimport appeared toresult fromprogressive changes thatincreased resistance to unloading ofsieve elements andeventually terminated phloem unloading.


Purpose:  To assess Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding endoscopic procedures and to identify associated factors towards effective endoscopy procedures
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was designed. The population for this study was 250. There was selection of the population of nurses in Nishtar Hospital Multan. The target population or sample size consists of 150 participants. The nurses were selected from the Nishtar Hospital Multan for the completion of study. Likert scale close ended questionnaire was adopted for data collection from the study participants. Results were analyzed through SPSS.
Results: the nurse age, training and dealing period might have an effect on the level of nurses data relating to canal endoscopy including; general precautions, basic steps to wash and medical care in examination unit. The majority of nurses had positive attitude. While coaching and qualification can affect dealing with the patients additionally to nurses level of apply before, throughout and manual disinfecting of endoscopy.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Extensive training of staff involved in endoscope reprocessing is mandatory for quality assurance and for effective infection control and documentation of this tarring is required. The efficacy of manual cleaning and HLD operator dependent, thus assignment of personnel responsible for endoscope.


Ovarian tumour is the most broadly perceived explanation behind death among gynecological malignancies. There are different sorts of clinical and nonclinical features that are used to look at and separate the differences among sympathetic and perilous ovarian tumours. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) method of most accuracy are made as a hidden examination for ovarian tumour request as opposed to biopsy, It is the present best level indicative test. This paper presents automatic framework ovarian tumour detection and identification, which distinguishes and classify ovarian tumour in Medical imaging. The proposed framework ovarian tumour detection is a significant tool to recognize the tumour and separate between patients that conclusion as certain ovarian tumour and probable ovarian tumour because of its capacity to measure local changes features includes in the ovarian that reflect illness movement. The parameter estimations of the classifier are progressively optimized utilizing the Ant colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm which is a bio-motivated advancement optimization algorithm, and ACO optimizers to expand the classification precision. The proposed framework preliminary results show the adequacy and productivity of the framework to precisely detect and classify the benign and Malignant of ovarian tumour in medical imaging.


The following research investigated the concept of the quiet child within the primary classroom from two perspectives: perceptions and practice with the aim of creating a profile for the quiet child, which could be used to identify quiet children in the classroom. A range of educators were interviewed and asked to offer their definition of the quiet child. Their varying perceptions indicated that the quiet child might be a complex and elusive phenomenon. Two case studies were undertaken with a class of 5-6 year-old, and a class of 8-9 yearold children within which quiet children were identified during shared reading and their physical and interactive behaviours analysed. The results confirmed that quiet children did exist and were identifiable during shared reading in the case study classrooms from quantitative analysis of their speaking turns. The quiet children did not, however, display any physical behaviour that might aid their identification and a profile of the quiet child could not be created. Investigation of classroom interactions revealed that not only were the quiet children quiet but they also received a narrower range of interaction opportunities than their more talkative peers. Teacher perceptions also seemed to play a central role in the interaction opportunities of some children some children who the teacher identified as quiet were encouraged to speak, whilst others remained unrecognised and overlooked. The results also indicated that the videoed shared reading lessons provided few opportunities for any children to speak as they did not reflect shared reading as an interactive teaching and listening strategy. 0 Katluyn Whitehead 2005 Table of


Gold nanoshells are a new class of nanoparticles with tunable optical absorption that can be placed in the near infrared. Gold nanoshells consist of a spherical silica core surrounded by a thin gold shell. The ratio of the sizes of the core diameter to the shell thickness as well as the total size of the nanoshell determines the optical absorption properties. Previous experiments have shown that these nanoparticles are stable at >325°C for durations typical of laser tissue welding. We have investigated the use of gold nanoshells as exogenous NIR absorbers to facilitate ex vivo laser tissue soldering. For ex vivo testing, gold nanoshells with peak absorption at approximately 820 nm were suspended in an albumin solder formulation and applied to muscle strips, followed by irradiation of the tissue at 821 nm. Mechanical testing of nanoshell-solder welds in muscle revealed successful fusion of tissues with tensile strengths of the weld site equal to the native tissue. The use of thermally stable nanoshells as an exogenous absorber allows the usage of light sources that are minimally absorbed by tissue components, thereby minimizing damage to surrounding tissue and producing welds sufficient for wound closure.


Chile's spatial distribution, spanning nearly 4,300 km from north to south, puts it in a privileged position in terms of RE resources. While the Atacama Desert in the north stands out because of its dry climate and some of the world's highest solar irradiance, the south has exceptional water and biomass resources and the long coastline makes for great wind potential in many parts of the country. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of these resources does not necessarily coincide with the electricity demand of industries and the population – a challenge faced around the world as shares of variable renewable energies increase.


In this article, the Fraunhofer Institute and FEI show how the plasma-FIB is a very attractive tool for the analysis of relatively large, complex interconnect structures, such 3DICs, without any need for mechanical preparation steps.


Based on the practical example of the water rising engineering of Zhuangyuanzhou of Yichun City,the design and application of flexible dam and lifting horizontal gate in the urban water rising engineering are discussed.


This article is a case study of a collaboration between the Oregon Multicultural Archives of Oregon State University, Portland State University Library's Special Collections, the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA), and the Northwest News Network to preserve and make accessible a recovered box of Oregon Chinese disinterment documents. By examining what influenced and engaged each partner, this case study offers an opportunity to better understand the motivations of diverse stakeholders in a "postcustodial era" project that challenges traditional practices of custody, control, and access. In early 2010, an anonymous caller contacted Tom Banse, Regional Correspondent for the Northwest News Network, to pitch a story. He had in his possession a box of documents that he was confident was of historical significance. However, he told Banse, he was concerned about turning over the documents to a repository where they might simply be shelved, no more known or available then when they had been within his personal possession. He had called Banse in the hope that the reporter would be inspired to investigate and share one of the many stories held within the box. Perhaps in this way, the documents would be vitalized and valued, securing their future and preventing a fate in which they effectively disappeared. Skeptical at first, Banse was ultimately drawn into the history contained within that box. From it came a news feature, broadcasted throughout the northwest and picked up by the Voice of America. But more than that, the box of documents 1 Fernández and Paschild: Beyond a Box of Documents Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2013 became a responsibility that Banse and his producer, Colin Fogarty, took to heart. At the conclusion of their work, they set out to find a way to ensure the future of the documents, not just by finding them an appropriate home but by building a web of stakeholders and "creat[ing] relationships and contacts that could lead to something more, something that stretches beyond this one box of documents." This article is a case study of that resulting collaboration. It traces the development of the relationship between four project partners, the Northwest News Network, the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA), the Oregon Multicultural Archives (OMA), a component of Oregon State University's Special Collections & Archives Research Center, and Portland State University (PSU) Library's Special Collections. The collaboration ultimately resulted in a digital exhibit and an ongoing connection that has continued to value access over competition and custody. By examining what influenced and engaged each partner, this case study offers an opportunity to better understand the motivations of diverse stakeholders in a project that challenges traditional practices of custody, control, and access. The Story in the Documents and the Practice of Disinterment The documents Tom Banse received from the anonymous donor recorded the details of a 1948 disinterment of Chinese immigrant remains throughout Oregon. The project recovered remains from 559 graves at 23 cemeteries in 17 towns across the state. It was common for Chinese immigrants that came to the Pacific Northwest during the mid-19th through the mid-20th century to make arrangements for their remains to be disinterred and shipped back to their home provinces in China. In traditional Chinese culture, there was a shared belief that the continuity between this life and the afterlife depended on the care of one's material remains by family members after death. Exclusion laws, however, made permanent settlement in Oregon, as in many other states, problematic for Chinese immigrants. Laws prohibiting land ownership, restricting the immigration of Chinese women, and forbidding mixed-raced marriages made establishing families in the region nearly impossible for the many single men who made up the majority of the Chinese immigrant population. Unable to build new familial networks in the Pacific Northwest, many Chinese immigrants chose instead to make arrangements to return their remains to their home provinces after death. Local district or family associations would oversee the burial, disinterment, and shipment to China for a "death insurance" fee. These associations generally purchased plots of land in a town's cemetery, commonly a designated "Chinese section" within a cemetery. Though the exact time for exhumation varied, it was usually at least three years after death and burial; however, it could be decades later. At the appropriate time, the organization or association charged with the task would exhume designated remains and arrange 1. Colin Fogarty, email message to the authors, February 15, 2011. 2. Sue Fawn Chung and Priscilla Wegars, eds., Chinese American Death Rituals: Respecting the Ancestors (Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2005). 2 Journal of Western Archives, Vol. 4 [2013], Iss. 1, Art. 5 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/westernarchives/vol4/iss1/5 their shipment back. Most were sent on to the Tung Wah Hospital in Hong Kong, which received Chinese remains from all over the world. The hospital would advertise the arrivals so that families could come to claim their relatives and transport their remains back to their home provinces. The records in Banse's possession traced the process of the 1948 disinterment project from the initial planning to the final shipping stages and included applications and permits for exhumation from the Oregon State Board of Health, lists of graves, cargo manifests, receipts and purchase orders, insurance paperwork, and related correspondence. A handful of the materials also made reference to an earlier disinterment project in 1928. Intrigued by the materials, Banse began to research their historical context. In the course of his investigation, Banse found that the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) of Portland had been responsible for the major disinterment projects in the state. Established in the late 19th century, the CCBA was a Chinese community-serving organization that assisted immigrants with employment and immigration processes, provided support in the face of racial discrimination, and facilitated communication with family members in China. The CCBA remains an active organization in the Portland community and maintains a small museum onsite in its historic building. The collection's connection to the CCBA was confirmed when Banse found it held a selection of related records, including those from an earlier regional disinterment in 1917. Banse's resulting story, broadcasted in July 2010, focused on the mysterious fate of the remains disinterred in 1948 and shipped out to China in 1949. The records indicated problems between the CCBA, the shipping company, and the boat's captain. Money was misappropriated, the courts became involved, and the contested shipment lingered in the Hong Kong harbor long enough to fall into the chaos of the impending civil war. While Banse's feature focused on this particular incident, he also recognized the many other stories found in the documents remained to be investigated and shared. The records included names, dates, and places of birth and death that together represented a uniquely detailed picture of Chinese immigrant life throughout Oregon, including information about a number of once vital Chinese communities that have since disappeared from the rural landscape. The disinterment records could be foundational in reconstructing this important aspect of shared Oregon history. The individual information captured in the disinterment rosters and 3. Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (http://www.ccbaportland.org/) and Marcus Lee, "Oregon Chinese Disinterment Documents: A Collaborative Effort to Share an Untold Story" (presentation given at the annual meeting for the Northwest Archivists, Salem, Oregon, April 2012). 4. Tom Banse, "Unfinished Journey: Historic Documents Trace Immigrants' Remains Long Trip Home," originally broadcast on July 12, 2010, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php? storyId=128464249. 3 Fernández and Paschild: Beyond a Box of Documents Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2013 permits could be invaluable to descendants seeking genealogical information on family members who might not otherwise be traceable. Building a Collaborative Partnership Having come to understand the significant cultural and historical importance of these records, Banse and Fogarty, once finished with the documents, recognized the importance of securing their future in some way. Due to the clear connection of the documents to the CCBA, they decided to begin the conversation with the CCBA representatives they had met in the course of Banse's research—in particular, Marcus Lee, who serves as the chair of the CCBA history museum and archives committee. At the time Banse and Fogarty approached them, however, the organization had just begun a series of renovations to its facility and as a result, they were hesitant to take on physical custody of the additional documents. Concurrent to their conversation with the CCBA, Fogarty and Banse also contacted representatives of PSU Library's Special Collections and OSU's Special Collections & Archives Research Center, affiliates of the two largest public universities in the vicinity. Fogarty had begun scanning the original documents while they were in the possession of the Northwest News Network but lacked the equipment to capture several of the very large pieces. While the original conversation focused on identifying a partner to digitize the larger documents, it quickly broadened to include how to best serve the overall needs of the collection and the community to which it belonged. Bringing together both branches of their conversation through an email to the contacts from the CCBA, PSU, and OSU, Fogarty stated that the hoped outcome was "for the documents to be preserved in a way that allows app


In recent years, an increase in dysmenorrhea among adolescents has been observed worldwide. Oral contraceptives are used in gynaecological practice to correct this condition. However, the prescription of drugs belonging to this group often misses the risk of developing vascular complications, such as cerebral venous thrombosis and cerebral venous infarction. Due to the growing percentage of patients with congenital genetic mutations, it is relevant and reasonable to consider the risk factors and clinical signs of venous infarction in adolescents. First, it is necessary to exclude congenital thrombophilia, factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations, and deficiency of proteins C, S and antithrombin. Of particular notice are the young patients and adolescents with complaints of a first-time, intense, poorly treatable headache (or headache in anamnesis), changes in the eye fundus (edematous, hyperemic optic disks; dilated, plethoric veins in the fundus of the eye). In such cases, a thorough medical history is extremely important, including, in particular, detection of an infectious process, traumatic brain injury, venous thrombosis of any localization; the use of drugs (especially hormonal ones) that can provoke the development of a hypercoagulable state; and investigation of the family history. These measures will help to prevent development of a cerebral venous circulation disorder (venous infarction).


Background China has made large efforts to reduce stroke prevalence. We aimed to systematically examine the prevalence of stroke in China over the past two decades. Methods Databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed, were systematically searched for studies published in English or Chinese that reported stroke prevalence in China during 2000–2017. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled stroke prevalence and the variations in stroke prevalence subgroups stratified by age, gender, time period, and region. Results In total, 96 papers met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the overall estimated national prevalence was 5.1% (5.0–5.3%) with large variations across regions: 3.1% (2.5–3.6%) in south China, 3.4% (3.0–3.8%) in southwest China, 3.6% (3.3–3.8%) in east China, 5.0% (4.7–5.4%) in central China, 5.8% (4.6–7.1%) in northwest China, 6.0% (5.0–7.0%) in northeast China, and 8.0% (7.4–8.5%) in north China. Men had a higher prevalence than women [7.3% (6.9–7.7%) vs. 5.6% (5.2–6.0%)]. Stroke prevalence increased with age, was 1.2% (1.0–1.3%), 2.9% (2.6–3.2%), 5.9% (5.2–6.5%), and 8.7% (8.0–9.5%) in the 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years old groups, respectively. Conclusions Men, people being older, or living in northern China had higher stroke prevalence. More vigorous efforts are needed in China to prevent stroke.


A sensitive method was developed for the capillary electrophoretic determination of I(VII). In a 5×10^–2 M malonate buffer solution (pH 4) containing low concentrations of I(VII) and 1×10^–2 M Mo(VI), a stable [IMo_6O_24]^5– complex was formed at room temperature. Since the heteropoly anion showed an approximately eight-fold increase in the molarabsorption coefficient than the free IO^-_4 anion, the complex-formation reaction was applied to the sensitive capillary electrophoretic determination of I(VII) with UV detection at 220 nm. A simultaneous determination of I(VII) and I(V) was also possible, since both peaks due to [IMo_6O_24]^5– and IO^-_3 were well-separated in the electropherogram. For I(VII) and I(V), linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges of 2×10^–6–2×10^–4 M and 5×10^–5–2×10^–3 M, respectively.


Understanding the factors underlying litter dynamics is of great importance to fully comprehend the development of forest ecosystems. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of precipitation and temperature on litterfall and litter storage and decomposition in a seasonal semideciduous forest in Serra da Concordia, Valenca municipality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Litter was evaluated throughout 12 months in a forest remnant, using suspended tapered collectors for litterfall and 0.25 m2 squares for soil litter stock. The amount of litter found in the remaining forest was lower than that reported in the literature, with higher values at the end of the dry season. Temperature and precipitation negatively influenced litterfall and litter stock, with effects showing after two to four months. Knowing the relationships between litter and climate conditions aids in understanding and using litter as an indicator in forest areas. Thereby, it also enables the evaluation on the possible recovery of ecological functions in a given environment.


A structural analysis method based on a combined use of the boundary element and transfer matrix method is applied to static problems of plated structures. In this paper, a transfer matrix is evaluated by combining two transfer matrices for in‐plane and plate‐bending problems, which are derived from the systems of equations based on the ordinary boundary element method for in‐plane and plate‐bending problems, respectively. Furthermore, an extended transfer matrix is proposed for the structures with complicated cross section such as T‐ and I‐section members. This method permits the use of a large number of elements, without getting involved with large matrices. Some numerical examples of plated structures subjected to various loads are proposed and their results are compared with those obtained by the finite element method.


School life of is a very important time. The dreams, enthusiasm and infinite possibilities of youth are great in themselves. However, teenagers and their families are increasingly shedding tears because of school violence. The purpose of this study is address the increase in serious school violence ...


Global warming is now known to be the major environmental issue mankind will have to face in the next decade. Monitoring of vegetation and biomass is clearly an essential piece of information required at all levels ranging from the scientific studies to understand and forecast, to the political actors and government leaders responsible for drafting remediation policies and evaluating their impact. Microwave remote sensing with the low-frequency SAR technique can provide a useful characterization of forest (spatial coverage, species, density, height...) at a global scale, relying on the all-weather imaging capabilities of SAR linked with the significant penetration of the low-frequency EM wave in the canopy. The published techniques for forest characterization from low frequency SAR data include radiometry inversion, polarimetric inversion based on the anisotropy parameters and PolInSAR Random Volume Over Ground inversion. In this paper, we will more specifically concentrate on the PolInSAR technique and the impact of ionospheric effect on this inversion. PolInSAR at low frequency can be envisioned with two radar platforms flying in formation or as a repeat pass mission. The second alternative is more plausible given the cost and the size of a low frequency SAR instrument. However the two cases will be discussed in the paper.


It takes the method of combining documents reviewing,mathematical statistics,comprehensive logical analysis and construction experience to analyze the reason of pebble falling off terrazzo floor in the newly built roller skating ground and seeking a economic and efficient resolution to it so as to achieve the original design and expected using effect.


As per World Bank, 1.2 billion people are below poverty line who manages their lives with less that 1.25 US dollar. Out of this, 33 % i.e. 40 crore poor are in India. If India is able to address food price volatility, it will have major implications for global food security and fulfilling our promise for the First Sustainable Development Goal UN SDG-1), namely, Eradication of Extreme Hunger and Poverty.


Polyelectrolyte adsorption and polymer mediated interactions in different colloidal polymer systems have been studied in this work. Theoretical methods and experimental techniques are combined, in order to obtain more general reliable results, as well as a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the observed behaviors. Two different types of highly charged cationic polyions have been used to explore the adsorption onto oppositely charged surfaces. The adsorption varies with concentration of simple salt and the adsorption dependence on molecular weight have been considered. Polymer density functional theory and null ellipsometry have been utilized to study the adsorption. Various colloidal polymer systems have also been investigated in order to scrutinize polymer mediated interactions. For systems containing charged colloidal particles and non-adsorbing polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains, we studied gelation and constructed a coarse-grained model, to quantitatively compare predicted structure factors with corresponding experimental data. We have devoted some extra efforts to predict and understand the temperature response of polymer mediated interactions, in systems where the pure polymer solution display an local critical solution temperature (LCST). This has, for instance, resulted in predictions that such colloidal particle + polymer dispersions can display a phase behavior that responds on a nonmonotonic manner to temperature change (specifically: flocculated - dispersed - flocculated). these predictions are in qualitative agreement with experiments, and achieved without any assumptions of temperature-dependentinteractions. Another prediction from our studies on LCST polymer solutions, is that these may undergo phase separations in porous environments, even though there is only one phase for all compositions in the bulk solution. (Less)


In this paper, we propose a new vision-assisted semi-automatic uterus manipulation approach based on a pose estimating trocar. In this approach, a trocar integrated with an inertial measurement unit and a range sensor is used to estimate the position of the tip of the laparoscopic tool with respected to the trocar's base frame and a robot which grasps a uterine manipulator is used to perform uterus manipulation. Position of the tip of the uterine manipulator with respected to the robot's base frame can be obtained by forward kinematics. The relationship between the trocar's and the robot's base frames are estimated with a vision based approach by considering the laparoscopic camera's extrinsic parameters. By this, the relative position between the tips of the uterine manipulator and the laparoscopic tool can thus be estimated. Automatic uterus manipulation which aims to maximize the distance between the fundus of the uterus and the laparoscopic tool tip can then be achieved. Experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.


The primary purpose of this study was to determine the level of internet use as it varies by gender among university students in Jordan. A random sample of 278 students from one university located in the Northern part of Jordan responded to a valid and reliable instrument developed by the researcher. Results of the study indicated that university students under study experienced excessive use of the internet as indicated by the overall mean value and the results indicated that the university students under excessive use of the internet neglect household responsibilities and neglect exams and courses to spend more time online. Results also indicated that there were no significant differences in the excessive use of the internet based on differences in gender. The study ended by offering a number of recommendations for the field of study.


Decision making in land use planning needs understanding about the pattern of changes. The current study aims to analyse and predict the land use and land cover change, with the focus on forests, in Shimla District using Bayesian model. Population growth, agricultural-horticulture demands, tourism growth are putting pressure on the valuable forest ecosystem and natural resources of the district. In this study, land cover maps were prepared for the periods 1970s, 1980s and 1990s using remote sensing data. The actual positive changes (i.e., increase in forest) and negative changes (i.e., decrease in forest) derived from the time-series land cover maps were used as apriori evidence in the Bayesian model to derive the statistical weights for various environmental parameters. The environmental parameters were analysed under 4 major group of factors i.e., topographic, land use, landscape, land-water. The probabilistic contribution (i.e., weight) of each attribute under each map was utilised within the weighted summation model to derive spatial maps of potential positive and negative change. The accuracy of the model was validated using actual change maps. Accuracy of the model was 85% for the positive change and 80% for the negative change. The resultant predicted maps of positive and negative change were overlaid together and potential zones of conservation and afforestation were identified.


Bae, Egil; Tai, Xue-Cheng; Wei, Zhu.
Augmented Lagrangian method for an Euler's elastica based segmentation model that promotes convex contours. Inverse Problems and Imaging 2017 ;Volum 11.(1) s. 1-23


The exponential stability of singularly perturbed time-varying systems is investigated. It tur that, under natural conditions, exponential stability of an averaged system is equivalent to expo stability of the perturbed system for small perturbation parameters. Explicit estimates for bo approximation of single trajectories and the order of the exponential decay, are obtained. The of proof does not require smoothness of the averaged system.  2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


The present paper is based on the survey conducted to assess the status of application of open source software (OSS) in India. The analysis of the study revealed that 91 institutions in India using OSS for library management and OPAC of these institutions are accessible in public domain. There are 96 open access repositories created by using OSS which are accessible in public domain. The study also discloses that 8 institutions in India have two open access digital repositories each which are created by OSS and 14 institutions are using OSS for library automation as well as for digital library. 10.14429/djlit.35.1.7897


Abstract Besides primin 1 and its hydroquinone, miconidin 2, surface extracts of Primula obconica contain their longer chain homologues 1a and 2a. In addition to several derivatives of 2, namely the methyl ethers 3 and 4 and the acetate 5, the resorcinol 6 and its methyl ether 7 are found. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and - if necessary - by comparison with synthetic references. The possible biosynthesis of these natural products is discussed.


de produção agropecuária. . SUMMARY : The work was carried out in the experimental area of the Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios do Extremo Oeste in Andradina, São Paulo State, Brazil, located in the northwest region of São Paulo State. The experimentation in the field has been occurred between March and June 2018, under irrigation by sprinkler. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 replications and 12 treatments, constituted by a combination of three corn cultivars (AG 8088 VV PRO, Al Avaré and XB 8030) with the presence and absence of inoculation of maize and Urochloa ruziziensis . The seed inoculation was performed with liquid inoculant containing the AbV5 and AbV6 strains of Azospirillum brasilense . The genotype of maize used influenced the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasiliense , on maize development, with the cultivar AG 8088 VT PRO being the most responsivethe consortium. Urochloa ruziziensis consorted with the cultivar Al Avaré inoculated with the bacterium Azospirillum was combination that provided greater development.


ABSTRACT The impact of dietary fiber (DF) mixtures on dough thermal properties needs to be investigated when designing high-fiber wheat bread. Effects of flour replacement at different levels (6–34%) by soluble (inuline [FN]), partially soluble (sugar beet [FX], pea cell wall [SW]), and insoluble (pea hull [EX]) DF on wheat dough thermal profiles have been investigated by simulating baking, cooling, and storage in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) pans. In general, DF incorporation into water-flour systems delayed endothermic transition temperatures for both gelatinization and retrogradation phenomena except for the peak temperature (Tp) of retrogradation. With some exception, the pattern of the enthalpy of amylopectin retrogradation was lower and slower (lower constant of proportion, k) over 10 days of storage in gelatinized hydrated flour-fiber blends when compared with control without DF. FX, a partially soluble fiber, provided major effects on gelatinization (Tp decrease and ΔH increase) and ret...


In 2017, 449 nuclear reactors were operating for electricity generation in the world. More than 60% of all reactors were represented by pressurized water reactors. One of the most modern reactors of this type is the AP1000 reactor, developed by Westinghouse. The mentioned construction is also taken into account in terms of the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Poland, for both economic and technical reasons as well as safety systems, which have been very extensive and implemented in this construction. In the following paper, apart from the presentation of the nuclear power plant technology system, model of AP1000 reactor was presented. Above mentioned model allows, among other things, to investigate the influence of fuel assemblies locations on the effective neutron multiplication factor/reactivity. In addition, the relation between moderator and neutrons energy was examined (the neutron flux density was determined as a function of energy) and the amount of fission products generated in the reactor core during normal operation was presented. The obtained results were analysed and referenced to the literature data in order to verify the created model.


Colonial rugose corals with a heterocoral-like septal pattern are diverse and common in the Tournaisian–Viséan (Mississippian) of South China. Numerous species were named in classical works but most of them require systematic revision. Newly collected material allowed eight Heterostrotion species to be recognized (ranging from the upper Tournaisian up to the middle Viséan), including a new species H. huaqiaoense; three Stylostrotion species (middle Viséan), including a new species S. houi and four Polygonaria species (upper Tournaisian and upper Viséan). Heterostrotion as the oldest genus of the Stylostrotionidae probably originated in the western Palaeotethys and migrated to South China during the Tournaisian. The development of the cerioid genus Polygonaria from large-sized Heterostrotion during the late Tournaisian is described. The origin of Stylostrotion is however proposed in the evolution of Heterostrotion by a reduction of the minor septa and the development of a columella during the middle Viséan. Stylostrotion is known only from China, where it seems to have evolved by homeomorphy with Siphonodendron, which only occurred in that area in the late Viséan. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:15F3D222-7027-4771-A8B5-05F024D298A0


The occupations of the Kasbah square in Tunis, that took place in the aftermath of president Ben Ali's rushed departure on January 14, 2011, have led to the resignation of the provisional government and the elections of a constituent assembly. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and the analysis of the discursive and practical repertoire of the mobilization, the article aims at exploring both the emergence and the social conditions of possibility of this revolutionary situation and this revolutionary outcome, largely under-analyzed by the existing literature. It suggests that while this event signals the breakdown of ordinary social routines – both spatial and temporal – in favor of revolutionary innovations and the lasting transformation of these fields, it is also the result of the stability of social relations as much as it is the outcome of their upheaval. This perspective makes it possible to understand better the process of synchronization of time and unification of spaces that characterizes these moments in which the rules of the political game are redefined and the conjuncture becomes fluid.


High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is an MR acquisition technique that has been used to identify and estimate multi-modal structure in white matter. We introduce a multiresolution estimator of the diffusion density in g-space based on a wavelet lifting scheme for HARDI data. The proposed technique avoids imposing isotropic smoothing with a fixed bandwidth that is a common feature in other higher-order methods. Summary statistics for the properties of the diffusion density are derived entirely in q-space, based on great circle and perpendicular great circle statistics. A framework is developed to characterise structural features of the diffusion using these statistics.


Outdoor advertising management has become one of the most main tasks in current urban management. Nevertheless current management means was relatively backward, and planning permission was also low efficiency. In this paper, outdoor advertising planning permission based on 3D GIS was put forward on this question existing in the outdoor advertising at present, and key techniques of 3D outdoor advertising planning permission were studied on the basis of the control box for urban outdoor advertising planning. Furthermore, the technology had been successfully applied to the project of outdoor advertising monitoring management system in Shanghai. It visually realized refined and efficient management for outdoor advertising planning permission in key areas of Shanghai.


We numerically solve the relativistic Fokker-Planck equation for a beam of accelerated electrons impinging on the solar chromosphere, for several cases relevant to solar flares. We make a detailed comparison between our results and those obtained from the test-particle approach. We find that the inclusion of velocity diffusion changes significantly not only the resulting distribution function but also macroscopic quantities like the energy deposition rate and the hard X-ray emission. We find that the beam energy is deposited in a deeper and much broader region of the atmosphere. Also, our computations predict a harder and larger hard X-ray emission. These results might be relevant to the long-standing controversy between the thermal and the nonthermal models for the X-ray production, as well as to the study of the acceleration mechanisms of electron beams.


Tsunami wave force acting on the axisymmetric caisson foundations was investigated through the hydraulic model tests. Water surface profile of tsunami caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake observed 11m deep and 3km offshore of Choshi city (Fukumoto et al. , 2012) was used as the incident wave. By using the pumptype tsunami wave maker the observed tsunami profile was well reproduced in the wave-basin. Tsunami wave pressure distribution and wave forces acting on the axisymmetric caisson foundations were measured. Based on these experiment data, a mathematical formula expressing peak wave pressure distribution with the parameter of the incident tsunami height was proposed.


DNA is a remarkable polymer that exhibits a complex phase behavior as a function of packing density, salt concentration, and other variables [1]. It is anionic, giving up positive counterions to solution. Mixtures of DNA and cationic and neutral lipids in water form complexes that facilitate transfection of DNA into living cells and that play an important role in the emerging field of gene therapy [2]. Recent x-ray experiments [3] reveal the structure of these complexes at length scales from 10 to several hundred angstroms, particularly near the isoelectric point where the total charge of counterions given up by the DNA equals that given up by the cationic lipids. The lipids form bilayer membranes that stack in a lamellar structure (Fig. 1). Parallel strands of DNA arrange in 2D smectic structures in the galleries between lipid bilayers. The distance between lipid bilayers is equal to the diameter of a DNA molecule plus a hydration layer. In addition, the distance d between DNA strands increases with increasing concentration of neutral lipids in a manner consistent with counterions being expelled to solution and charge neutrality of the complex being determined only by the DNA and cationic lipids. The best fit to x-ray diffraction data is obtained when some correlation between DNA lattices in different galleries is introduced. We undertake here a theoretical investigation of possible equilibrium phases of these lamellar DNAlipid complexes. We identify a new phase, with a nonvanishing smectic compression modulus B in each gallery, in which there is long-range orientational but not positional correlation between DNA lattices in different galleries. This phase exhibits no restoring force for sliding DNA lattices rigidly relative to each other, but it does exhibit a restoring force preventing their relative rotation. We will refer to it as a sliding columnar phase. It is distinct from both the columnar phase in which the DNA segments form a 2D lattice and the totally decoupled phase in which there is no communication between different DNA lattices. It is similar to the decoupled phase of stacks of tethered membranes [4]. Dislocations can destroy positional correlations within the DNA lattices, melt the sliding columnar phase, and produce a nematic lamellar phase with B › 0. Whether they always melt the phase will be discussed in detail elsewhere [5]. We consider a model in which the DNA strands are confined to galleries between lipid bilayers in a perfect lamellar structure (with layer spacing a) with no dislocations or other defects. We assume the ground state of DNA strands in each gallery n is that favored by electrostatic interactions, i.e., a 2D smectic lattice with layer spacing d › 2pyk0. We take the lipid bilayers to be parallel to the x-z plane and the DNA strands to be aligned, on average, parallel to the x axis as shown in Fig. 1. For the moment, we assume that the lipid bilayers are perfectly flat and do not fluctuate. In this case, long-wavelength properties of the DNA lattice in gallery n are described entirely in terms of displacements u n srd along the z direction, where r › sx, zd is a position in the x-z plane. The LandauGinzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the complex is then a sum of independent elastic energies for each gallery and terms coupling displacements and angles in neighboring


The spread of false health news and its dis-semination on the internet has become a major concern, due to its potential to have disastrous effects. To detect it, numerous approaches have been attempted. However, we are aware of very few studies that have sought to identify health related false information in Bangla. In this study, we have analyzed the performance of various Machine Learning and Deep Learning approaches in detecting Bangla health-related misinformation that is available online. We have created a comprehensive data repository, consisting more than 5000 data, manually annotated to two fixed categories. Several supervised machine learning classifiers and Deep Learning algorithms have been employed in this experiment to detect fake health news at the textual level. Our experiment achieves maximum accuracy of 88% in the Passive Aggressive approach and 89% in the Bi-LSTM approach. We believe that our dataset is a significant collection of health-related data in Bangla. It may open up new perspectives for the analysis of Bangla-language and health misinformation detection.


The aim of this paper is to document and explain the changing nature of urban poverty in East Africa since 1970, in particular in the two cities of Kampala and Nairobi. It will argue that the concept of proleterianization is helpful in understanding the changes in urban poverty and politics.


Background: Flexural strength of denture base resin is considered primary mode of clinical failure. Aim: This study was done to compare the flexural strength of acrylic resin with or without addition of aluminium oxide filler and processed with two techniques. Material and method: 10 samples each were processed using normal acrylic resin with conventional water bath technique, modified acrylic resin with 10% and 15% aluminium oxide processed by conventional water bath technique, normal acrylic resin with microwave technique, modified acrylic resin with 10% and 15% aluminium oxide processed with microwave technique. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. Result: Mean flexural strength were normal acrylic resin processed with conventional water bath technique is 68.2, Modified acrylic resin with 10% aluminium oxide processed by conventional water bath technique is 78.11, Modified acrylic resin with 15% aluminium oxide processed by conventional water bath technique is 82.95. Normal acrylic resin processed with microwave technique is 79.43. Modified acrylic resin with 10% aluminium oxide processed with microwave technique is 82.21. Modified acrylic resin with 15% Al2O3 processed with microwave technique is 85.27. Conclusion: The specimens of heat-curing acrylic resin reinforced with 10% and 15% aluminium oxide filler provided superior flexural than those with normal acrylic resin. The specimens of heat curing acrylic resin reinforced with aluminium oxide filler showed increase in flexural strength when processed by microwave technique.


Solubility of hydrogen in a number of organic liquid solvents has been reported in the literature. Simnick et al. (7) reported a survey of the data which showed that past work was mostly limited to temperatures below 200 OC. Investigations of Connolly and co-workers ( 7) and Grayson and Streed (2) were the major exceptions. Recent intensified development of hydrotreating processes has heightened interest in data at elevated temperatures and pressures. In this work we report vapor-liquid equilibrium in hydrogen/toluene mixtures at temperatures of 190-300 OC and pressures 20-250 atm. The present study is a continuation of our investigation of gas-liquid equilibria at elevated temperatures and pressures (570).


In this paper, a kind of electronically controlled liquid crystal microlens arrays (LCMAs) with non-uniform coil electrodes arrays (NCEAs) is presented. The focal length of the electronically controlled LCMAs can be easily adjusted by applying the appropriate AC signal. The structure of the LCMAs is designed as a NCE array, which can then produce non-uniform electric field to drive liquid crystal molecules. The top electrode is fabricated by depositing an indium-tinoxide (ITO) semiconductor transparent conductive film based on a non-uniform electrode coil, and the bottom electrode is a conventional plate electrode. Due to the design of non-uniform electrode coil array is small, in addition to the traditional lithography process, the etching process we used is dry etching (ICP etching). The simulation results show that, the focal length of the LCMAs with the NCEAs can be tuned easily by applying the appropriate AC signal.


Taylor and Francis Ltd FSAS_INTRO.sgm 10.1080/ Socce Society 466-0970 (p int)/1743-9590 (online) Original Article 2 04 & Franci Ltd 50 00 Summer 2004 Disaster is an overused word in football. Goals scored against a team, heavy defeats and relegations are all regularly described as 'disasters' by fans, journalists, players and the game's administrators. Within the contemporary context of football, where playing success is paramount and supporters have significant emotional investments in the outcomes of matches, a team being knocked out of a tournament or relegated to a lower league may well be classified in line with the Oxford English Dictionary's definition of a disaster as an incident of 'great or sudden misfortune'. Yet, to a detached observer, when compared to episodes associated with football that have led to people losing their lives, events on the pitch must seem entirely trivial. Moreover, even when deaths occur in the context of football, some may question the appropriateness of using the label 'disaster' to describe incidents, such as those outlined in this book, that involve relatively small numbers of fatalities. This is particularly likely when football-related deaths are compared with events such as the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001 or the Bam earthquake in December 2003, both of which resulted in catastrophic loss of life. There are clear difficulties associated with establishing what actually constitutes a 'disaster' within football-related contexts and beyond. In purely quantitative, 'measurable' terms (numbers of dead, physical damage, economic cost, etcetera) the incidents described in this book are manifestly different from the large-scale natural or man-made disasters that periodically blight particular regions of the world. Nonetheless, the same descriptor is routinely applied. This conceptual problem has featured prominently in the development of disaster studies as a field of academic enquiry. By acknowledging that there are significant quantitative differences between events that are popularly depicted as disasters, much of the early work in this field attempted to provide a fixed quantitative measure that could define which incidents qualify as disasters and which do not. This proved to be a difficult task. As Alexander notes, 'these [definitions] proved unworkably simplistic, as too many elements are involved to enable one to define the phenomenon purely on the basis of, for example, numbers of people killed...or monetary losses'. More recent attempts to resolve this conceptual problem have tended to define disasters in qualitative rather than


Former general practitioner Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (b 1908; q Edinburgh 1932), d 14 August 2002.

Alun Lloyd Thomas practised from 1936 to 1940 in New Ferry, Cheshire. He served under the London Missionary Society from 1940 to 1950 at the Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, and under the United Church of Canada from 1951 to 1957 at the George McDougall Hospital, Smoky Lake, Alberta, Canada. He was a family doctor in Edmonton, Alberta, from 1957 to 1976. He and his wife spent the first three years of married life in a Japanese internment camp in Hong Kong. He loved to paint watercolours and enjoyed walking in the mountains and gardening. His wife died in 1989.


arguments by appeals to Ukraine's independent national path. Basing his conclusions on meticulous readings of internal church documents, polemical tracts, and other utterances, Denysenko paints a picture of not just one but several distinct Orthodox Ukrainian communities, each convinced of the rightness of its ownpath and of the perfidiousness of any other. Canonical legitimacy versus the interests of the nation, the never ending argument over collaboration with Germany during World War II, the American and Canadian diaspora experiences versus that of the homeland, differences over the Ecumenical Patriarch's prerogatives in relation to other Local Churches, attitudes toward the Soviet and imperial pasts—where one stands on these issues places the average Ukrainian believer in one camp or other, with little hope of resolution without a great deal of purposeful work toward finding common ground that would respect the parties' differing historical paths. Denysenko's book represents an important step in this direction; he treats the protagonists of this story with laudable even-handedness, presenting all points of view with genuine respect. At the same time, the reader would have been well-served had he provided more historical context for understanding the beginning of the schism in 1917; the question of why the autocephalists wanted independence from Moscow is given short shrift, such that an interlocutor who has not read elsewhere on the subject would not understand what Denysenko means by "restoration of the Kiyv metropolia" and return to "Ukrainian traditions." Similarly, placing the Ukrainian situation in the larger context of processes affecting the entire Russian Orthodox Church would have been helpful, at a minimum treating seriously the Soviet regime's attempt to eradicate religion by fomenting schism within the Moscow Patriarchate, and examining the links between the Renovationist/Living Church movement in Russia and the formation of the 1921 UAOC. Having said this, The Orthodox Church in Ukraine is an indispensable work for anyone seeking to understand the religious situation in that country, as well as the ongoing troubled relationship between Ukraine and Russia generally speaking.


The disadvantage of the conventional production scheduling algorithm is that the time-dependent parameters must be known in advance and have fixed values. In practice, this is not possible, and as a result, the optimization problem must be solved again to calculate the optimal production schedule. The present invention indicates that the corresponding rescheduling problem can be reformulated as a multivariate (mp-QP) optimization problem that can be explicitly solved. By using this algebraic solution, the optimization problem can be calculated at a much lower cost compared to the conventional approach in which the optimization problem must be solved for each reschedule.


Background: Dengue is an acute arboviral infection prevalent in India causing both epidemic and endemic. In human beings, dengue virus infection can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening complication like dengue shock syndrome. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was carried out at Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Blood samples were taken from all the patients who were admitted or visited out-patient departments in our tertiary care hospital with symptoms of dengue fever for ≥5 days. Results and Analysis: Of 1337 samples 198 samples (14%) were dengue IgM positive. In the year 2013, 23 out of 442 samples (5.2%) were IgM positive and in the year 2014, 175 samples (19.5%) were IgM positive out of 895 samples. Conclusion: From our study it appears that the incidence of dengue infection is gradually increasing in our country. Proper vector control is required to prevent such infection.


ABSTRACT The paper advances the view that the achievement of equity and the maintenance of cultural diversity in multi-ethnic societies are not only goals in their own right but are also important for political unity, social stability and sustained socio-economic development in these societies. It lists the various models of socio-cultural integration adopted by different multi-ethnic societies and indicates the roles which schools can play in the achievement of these stated goals. The paper also draws attention to the limitations of schooling and suggests the need for a more comprehensive policy if equity, national unity and socio-cultural integration are to be effectively achieved in these societies.


Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments, as solar straylight satellites, require an accurate characterization and elimination of Fraunhofer lines from solar straylight spectra to measure the atmospheric column abundance of reactive gases that destroy toxic and heat trapping ozone and form climate cooling aerosols, like glyoxal (CHOCHO), iodine oxide (IO), or bromine oxide (BrO). The currently achievable noise levels with state-of-the-art DOAS instruments are limited to δ'DL ≈ 10-4 (noise equivalent differential optical density, δ'); further noise reductions are typically not straightforward, and the reason for this barrier is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that the nonlinearity of state-of-the-art CCD detectors poses a limitation to accurately characterize Fraunhofer lines; the incomplete elimination of Fraunhofer lines is found to cause residual structures of δ' ≈ 10-4, and only partially accounted by fitting of an "offset" spectrum. We have developed a novel software tool, the CU Data Acquisition Code that overcomes this barrier by actively controlling the CCD saturation level, and demonstrates that δ'DL on the order of 10-5 are possible without apparent limitations from the presence of Fraunhofer lines. The software also implements active control of the elevation angle (angle with respect to the horizon) by means of a Motion Compensation System for use with mobile MAX-DOAS deployments from ships and aircraft. Finally, a novel approach to convert slant column densities into line-of-sight averaged concentrations is discussed.


Crossdocking is a warehousing strategy that moves products through flow consolidation centers or crossdocks without putting them into storage. The practice not only brings substantial reduction in the distribution cost but also shortens the product delivery time. This thesis addresses an important crossdocking planning operation which is the scheduling of trucks at the crossdocking facilities of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry and military logistics. The truck scheduling problem in this scenario decides on the sequence of a number of trucks that are to exchange some of their products at the dock doors of a crossdocking terminal. The decision is subject to the availability of the crossdock critical resources including dock doors and forklifts, whose allocation is considered non-preemptive. The non-preemptive assignment of trailers to dock doors makes it necessary to address the truck scheduling solution feasibility before its optimality as the problem might be entrapped in deadlock and no feasible solution is produced. In the first place, an exact (optimal) mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed to mathematically represent the crossdocking model and its associated truck scheduling problem. The objective function applied is to minimize the total crossdocking operation time (also referred to as makespan) starting when the first trailer is assigned to a door and ending when the last trailer releases its assigned door. Since there is no real data available to evaluate the formulated problem, synthetic data is generated based on the characteristics of a wide range of real-world crossdocking practices. The data set includes problem instances of different levels of difficulty representing small crossdocks hosting a few dozen trailers to huge ones hosting over 2000 trailers. As the mathematical approach is impractical for solving real size problem instances, sub-optimal (heuristic) algorithms are developed alternatively. The first step addresses the feasibility of the truck scheduling problem by proposing a two-phase heuristic algorithm where in the first phase, a dependency ranking search (DRS) heuristic is deployed


In a generalized Schrödinger picture, we consider the motion of a relativistic particle in an external field (like in the case of a harmonic oscillator). In this picture the analogs of the Schrödinger operators of the particle are independent of both the time and the space coordinates. These operators induce operators which are related to Killing vectors of the Anti de Sitter (AdS) space. We also consider the nonrelativistic limit.


Throughout the fin de siecle, medical research institutes increasingly hallmarked "modernity" across industrialized nations and their colonies.1 While the reification of these "veritable laboratory Xanadus" as insular centres for pure science has recently been questioned,2 the absence of such facilities in Australia prior to the First World War had enduring ramifications for public, political and professional perceptions of scientific medicine. Indeed, the handful of establishments that arose between 1910 and 1939 merit attention precisely because they so patently embodied local projections of "medical research". Underpinned by a pragmatic progressivism, yet constrained by fealty to empire, the enterprises emerging during this period were predominantly British in flavour and modern in their ideals. In both form and function, however, the early Australian research institutes were never simple facsimiles of international models. Instead, each was shaped by local accommodations in defining its mission and value within a culture often indifferent—and not infrequently hostile—to basic research. Indeed, each of these ventures constituted an experiment, or rather a contingent series of experiments, to triangulate itself within a favourable medical, social and political space.

Yet the development of the early Antipodean research institutes resists a teleological reading. Most subsisted with fewer than ten to fifteen staff, and many stagnated or failed outright. In the absence of a stable funding base or a groundswell of investigators determined to make a career of research, these enterprises could have reverted to the status of little more than diagnostic laboratories. In responding to the challenge laid down by Steve Sturdy and Roger Cooter a decade ago,3 this article explicates the circumstances and strategies by which laboratory-based science negotiated a place in Australian medicine. My focus lies primarily with the most successful establishment, Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Research in Pathology and Medicine, directed between 1923 and 1944 by Charles Kellaway (1889–1952). I argue that Kellaway's willingness to experiment with the form, function and funding of the Hall Institute not only ensured its own survival, but created exemplars and infrastructure that fostered medical research as a locally viable career.


In Bird 2001 I argued that a law that might seem to many to be contingent is in fact necessary. In short the argument is this. Given the existence of salt and water, Coulomb's law of electrostatic attraction is sufficient to make the former dissolve in the latter. So any possible world in which salt failed to dissolve in water would be one in which Coulomb's law is false. However, it is also the case that the existence of salt depends on Coulomb's law. If Coulomb's law is false then salt cannot exist. So there is no possible world in which salt exists and in which it does not dissolve in water. When fully elaborated the argument needs to take into consideration the thought that salt might after all be permitted to exist in a world in which Coulomb's law (as it is found in the actual world) is false. A close cousin of Coulomb's law might be true in that world, sufficiently close to allow salt to exist. But the cousin might not be close enough to require dissolving to take place. I suggested that such a world will not exist, given what we know of chemistry. Our knowledge of chemistry allows us to predict what would happen were the laws slightly different. (This sort of thought


The authors of "Metabolomic analysis and identifi cation of a role for the orphan human cytochrome P450 2W1 in selective oxidation of lysophospholipids" ( J. Lipid Res . 2012. 53: 1610 – 1617 ) have advised the Journal that there is an error in the seventh sentence in the abstract in the print version of the article: Chiral analysis was performed on the 18:1 epoxidation products and showed enantio-selectivity for formation of (9 R ,10 S ) over (9 R ,10 S ). The sentence should read: Chiral analysis was performed on the 18:1 epoxidation products and showed enantio-selectivity for formation of (9 R ,10 S ) over (9 S ,10 R ). This error in the online version of the abstract has been corrected.


Efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfer in the knowledge alliance determine the success or failure of the alliance in a large extent.This paper comprehensively analyses influential factors in the knowledge alliance-builds Related Indicator System-obtains data through questionnaires-and analyses these data using the method of DEMATEL-finds the key obstacle factors-finally proposes relevant advices.


The Brazilian government responded to the poliomyelitis outbreak in Angola by organizing a team tasked at implementing measures that would avoid the risk of importation of wild poliovirus to their country. This team is comprised of representatives from the National Health Foundation of the Ministry of Health and a staff from the Pan American Health Organization. The team enhanced the surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in hospitals of cities that were most likely to have visitors from Angola. In Rio de Janeiro, children under 5 years who were living in areas with the most number of Angolans were administered with oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV). Furthermore, the National Immunization Advisory Committee recommended that all people traveling from Brazil to Angola and to other endemic areas should be immunized with at least one dose of OPV prior to traveling. Physicians were also advised to follow certain recommendations that include immediate notification of any AFP case, full investigation, and immunization guidelines for travelers. In addition, all 27 states agreed to review coverage data by municipality so that risk areas or groups can be identified.


Estimates of the market values of credit market liabilities are developed for the nonfinancial sectors of the economy for the period 1945-85. The methodology incorporates both the different types of debt and their sectoral distribution. Estimates of cumulative and annual holding gains are presented, and the relation between market and par value series are analyzed. The resulting market-valued debt aggregate is used to evaluate the stability of the debt-to-GNP ratio. The stability of the ratio is reduced dramatically when debt is measured at market value. Copyright 1989 by Ohio State University Press.


the teacher in planning a program to meet contemporary needs. In 1927, S. L. Pressey published the results of a pioneer investigation in the field of specific analysis of illegibilities (1). In 1932, T. Ernest Newland analyzed the illegibilities in the development of handwriting from the lower grades to adulthood (2). Lewis and Lewis reported the results of a 1960 study in which they analyzed the errors in the formation of manuscript letters by children in first grade (3). However, little recent research is available on the type and frequency of letter malformations in cursive writing, particularly of boys and girls and of right-handed and lefthanded pupils. It was hoped that by examining letter malformations in the handwriting of a select group of sixth-grade pupils,


This major new book provides an accessible and innovative introduction to general equilibrium analysis and associated welfare economics. In this distinct and refreshing treatment, John Creedy develops a simple two sector model using only diagrams and simple mathematics to ensure that this treatment will be accessible to students.


Summary DEA Norge has over several years collected a comprehensive dataset of surface seafloor samples in conjunction operated licenses and concession rounds. This paper will outline our learnings, best practice proposals and some caveats concerning data handling, survey design and data collection. A major learning was that it proved to be important to utilize reference data from exploration wells in order to calibrate seafloor sample data collected over prospects and to establish the relevance and reliability of observed anomalies. Another common observation was that in most cases "the signal" (i.e. hydrocarbons) is transported both laterally by dipping layers in the overburden and vertically by faults / seal leakage. Combining sea floor samples with geochemical data from well bores and sufficiently dense sea floor samples around reference wells allows charge and hydrocarbon phase to be de-risked. The key to successfully de-risking prospects is to differentiate between anomalies caused by vertical seepage (prospect specific signal) and those caused by more regional lateral transport ("play component"). In many cases, however, it can be difficult to differentiate between the two


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to indicate the law of the evolution of Cha Xu Ge Ju and organizational social capital throughout the growth of agricultural enterprises. It develops by discussing the connotation, features and connection of Cha Xu Ge Ju and organizational social capital. The paper first expounds the dimensional structure of Cha Xu Ge Ju in China. It then discusses the model of features of Cha Xu Ge Ju under the evolution of social capital. Finally, a case study is used to test the model. The paper finds that organizational social capital of primary type agricultural enterprises has remarkable feature of Cha Xu Ge Ju. The level of trust, strength of network, and emotional behaviors decline in this type of enterprises accordingly. The case of Wen's group indicates the strong connection between the growth process of agricultural enterprises and the operational process of social capital that takes full advantage of Cha Xu Ge Ju. Moreover, the expansion of Wen's group is indeed the process of integrating all kinds of social capital under the law of Cha Xu Ge Ju in social structure and interpersonal relationship.


In this work, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were functionalized with silver nanoparticles using twodifferent methods of incorporation. Characterization of these composites was done using Raman spectroscopy andTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the antibacterial properties were measured using method of dilutionand plating. The four-point probe method was used to measure the resistivity of the nanocomposite thin filmsmade via the spin coating method.


This article opens with a few words on globalization and internationalization and the views of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development regarding the broader higher education policy environment. Secondly, it gives some examples of national approaches, and third, some comments on quality and internationalization.


Understanding the extent of movements and space use of animals is necessary to identify vital habitats and better conserve and manage vulnerable species. We used acoustic telemetry to examine movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata) in an intertidal bay at Orpheus Island, Australia. Thirteen juveniles were acoustically monitored between March and December 2012, and in July 2012, four active tracks were completed. The majority of the acoustically monitored rays remained within the intertidal bay for the entire monitoring period. Tidal changes caused rays to move from the inner-bay mangrove (high tide) habitat to coral reef in the outer bay (low tide). Actively tracked rays moved in a directed way during running tides, remaining in shallow water. During periods of high and low tide, when rays refuged in mangrove or reef habitats, movement was limited and sinuosity was high. In mangrove areas, rays were most commonly observed refuging under or close to mangrove roots, and rarely in open sand areas. Refuging behaviour in mangrove and reef habitats suggested that predation risk may be the predominant factor influencing the movement of small rays. The continuous use of intertidal habitats demonstrates their importance to Himantura granulata.


In the present study, kesterite films were synthesized by sulfurization of co‐electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor, focusing on the effect of different metals (Li, Na, Sb, and Cr) on the CZTS thin films' properties. The structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated. We demonstrated the deposition of four different metals using spin‐coating on co‐electrodeposited thin films. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the kieserite phase with major intense peaks corresponding to the (112), (200), (312) and (332) planes with improvement in crystallinity after doping. Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of a pure kesterite phase with a minor amount of impurities in the Na‐doped CZTS thin film. FE‐SEM analyses showed smooth, compact, and uniform surface morphology with fewer holes and cracks and well‐defined boundaries between the submicron particles and adherent layer cross section. An energy gap absorption edge ranging from 1.56 eV to 1.71 eV was calculated from the absorption measurements, while improvements in the energy gab were observed depending on the doping metal. The absorption coefficient was higher than 104 cm−1 in the visible spectrum of light. The performance of the solar cell with a device configuration of Glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i‐ZnO/ZnO: Al/Ag under simulated AM 1.5 was reported. The presence of different dopants increased the average efficiency from 1.74% ± 0.4 to 3.47% ± 0.3. Upon Na doping, solar cell device demonstrated as high‐performance efficiency as 3.47%, featuring open‐circuit voltage Voc = 343 mV, short‐circuit current density Jsc =12.55 mA/cm2, and a fill factor FF = 69.1.


Data on precipitation, soil, terrain, vegetation and management activities in the groundwater supply district of Ji'nan City were collected and treated in a geographical information system(GIS) to produce distribution grid maps of R, K, SL, C and P. These attribute maps were overlain and computations were undertaken using USLE. The results were used to produce a soil and water loss intensity map. From this map the present status of soil and water loss in the district was determined and the reasons for these conditions were assessed. The study area was then classed into three separate categories, namely urban area, three-valley area, Shahe area and corresponding soil and water loss management measures were determined.