By C will be comprised 5 Sugar and/or C 6 The aqueous solution of raw material of sugar is mixed with furfural with high boiling point water mixable the solvent such as sulfolane and soluble acid catalyst of heating.Gone out furfural product and water by multistage distillation column distillation, leave non-volatile solvents.When sulfolane is as reaction dissolvent, typical furaldehyde yield is about 80%, and conversion ratio is up to 99%.Additionally, dissolve in some by-product in reaction dissolvent (such as, humin) can pass through to add water or aqueous solution of raw material precipitation, then pass through filtration and remove, thus providing convenience and the effective manner of removing these less desirable by-products from reactant mixture.


Expressions are derived for calculating estimates of the systematic errors in dual six-port or four-port measurements of reflection coefficient and scattering parameters due to imperfections in the transmission-line standard used to calibrate the system. A new mathematical model for a four-port reflectometer makes it easier to visualize and analyze these errors. In this new model, two of the three parameters needed to characterize a four-port can be determined without standards. All imperfections in the standard perturb only the third parameter which acts as an impedance transformer.


Resumo. In this work we develop results to contribute to the study of the Brouwer conjecture through an argument of contradiction. Specifically, if the Brouwer conjecture is not valid for a graph and this graph respects some conditions, we show that the conjecture is also not valid for the graphs obtained by deleting an edge or vertex. In this way, we can recursively delete certain vertices and edges of the original graph until the resulting graph is in a family for which the conjecture is proven, a contradiction.


Pollution by platinum (Pt) is an emerging threat to forest soil health. The widespread use of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in gas neutralizers for automobile exhaust has sharply increased the amount of PtNP pollution in the environment, including forest ecosystems. Recently, territories with Pt concentrations greater than 0.3 mg/kg in soil have been discovered. This concentration is 750 times greater than the background content in the earth's crust. Cambisols, the most prevalent forest soil type in boreal forests that determines the functioning of the entire forest ecosystem, occupy a significant share of the Earth's soil cover, which is about 1.5 billion hectares worldwide, or 12% of the entire continental land area. This shows the importance of studying the effect of pollution on this type of soil. In this study, laboratory simulations of PtNP contamination of the Haplic Cambisols Eutric at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg were carried out. The effect of PtNPs on soil properties was assessed using the most sensitive and informative biological indicators. The total number of bacteria was studied by the methods of luminescent microscopy, catalase activity (gasometrically), dehydrogenases activity (spectrophotometrically), germination, and length of roots by the method of seedlings. It was found that at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg of PtNPs, there was either no effect or a slight, statistically insignificant decrease in the biological state of Haplic Cambisols Eutric. Concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/kg of PtNPs had a toxic effect on all the studied parameters. No statistically significant stimulating effect (hormesis) of PtNPs on the biological properties of Haplic Cambisols Eutric was observed, which indicates the high toxicity of PtNPs and the importance of studying the consequences of soil and ecosystem contamination with PtNPs. However, when the content of Pt in the soil was 1 mg/kg, there was a tendency to stimulate germination, the length of radish roots, and the total number of bacteria. The toxicity of PtNPs measured by biochemical indicators (activity of catalase and dehydrogenases) starts at a concentration of 100 mg/kg for phytotoxic effects (germination and root length of radish) and 10 mg/kg for microbiological effects (total number of bacteria).


The (porphyry-)skarn Cu-Fe-Au polymetallic deposits in southeastern Hubei constitute an important component part of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt. The Tonglushan ore district is characterized by various types of mineralizations and large-sized ore bodies and represents the most important economic mineral district in southeastern Hubei Province. Nevertheless, little research work has been done on the timing of various skarn deposits and the genetic association of igneous rocks with mineralization as well as the tectonic framework of these deposit. Molybdenites from the Tonglushan skarn Cu-(Fe-Au) deposit and the Jiguanzui skarn Cu(Au) deposits yielded Re-Os model ages ranging from(136.8±1.9) to (138.1±1.8)Ma and from (137.1±1.9) to (138.8±1.9) Ma, respectively, with isochronal ages being (137.1±1.9) Ma and (138.2±2.2) Ma, which are considered to be reliable estimates for the timing of the Tonglushan and the Jiguanzui deposit. These data indicate that ages of various skarn deposits are almost identical to the zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of (140.3±1.8)Ma for the related granodiorite, almost the same as ages of other (porphyry-)skarn Cu-Mo deposits and skarn Fe deposits in southeastern Hubei Province and even those of the Jiurui Cu-Au (Mo), the Anqing Cu-Fe-Mo (Au) and the Tongling Cu-Au ore districts in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt. Combined with geological, geochemical and geophysical evidence, it is proposed that the skarn Cu-Fe-Au deposits in Tonglushan constitute a part of extensive igneous rocks and corresponding skarn Cu-Fe-Au mineralization that resulted from lithospheric thinning and basaltic magma underplating, which, in turn, were triggered by the rollback and /or window of the downgoing slab related to the subduction of Pacific plate in East China.


Porous matrices of biodegradable polymers, such as polyglycolide (PGA) or polylactide (PLA) can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue growth during bone repair process. These polymers are highly porous and serve as a template for the growth and organization of new bone tissue. We evaluated the effect of PGA and PLA polymers on osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell extracellular mineralization. MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured in one of the media containing 4 different biodegradable polymers (normal differentiation medium, PGA plate, PGA plate, PGA/fetal bovine serum(FBS) plate, and FBS plate) and examined the cell morphology. Cell layer was stained using Alizarin red stain for Ca deposit in extracellular matrix. During the culture, PGA plate was resorbed more efficiently than the PLA plate. On clarifying the PGA effect of binding medium or cellular Ca, PGA plate might hold osteoblasts within the plate placement and can be beneficial on the bone formation. PGA and PGA/FBS plate treatment showed better Ca deposits than other treatment although PLA plate treatment also showed reasonable Ca deposit. Cellular morphology showed that PGA/FBS plate treatment showed the most well‐differentiated. The results suggest that PGA or PLA plate can be used as a biomaterial for osteoblastic extracellular matrix mineralization.


Vehicular networks, which are recognized as an innovative technology for information collection due to the powerful sensing capability and strong mobility, have been an important platform for geographic crowdsourcing services and are particularly useful in environmental data collection. Crowdsourced data collection in vehicular networks must be performed in a communication-efficient manner due to the resource-constrained wireless communication links. Moreover, it is a pressing problem to improve the quality of responses because workers may provide data of poor quality or even fabricate data to defraud rewards. While the existing work has focused on spatial/temporal task coverage and monetary rewards, in this work, we propose a cost-efficient framework for crowdsourced data collection in vehicular networks while ensuring the accuracy of the response. Crowdsourced data collection consists of two main steps: 1) task assignment and 2) crowdsourced answer gathering. We first propose a task assignment scheme that maximizes the overall data quality and reduces the amount of data transmission. We estimate the data quality level based on a Gaussian mixture model and reduce the amount of data transmission by carefully selecting a subset of vehicles for crowdsourced tasks. We then design an answer gathering scheme that considers both the length of the aggregation tree and data delivery and minimizes the communication cost for collecting answers from participants. Extensive experiments on both synthetic data sets and real data sets show that our proposed framework achieves promising results.


Science (HESS) faculty at Texas Tech University, along with many of its graduate and undergraduate students, have been working with overweight youth since the Fun & Fit program launched in 2004. The collaborative effort between Tech and the Lubbock Independent School District, funded by a Carol M. White Physical Education grant from the United States Department of Education, was designed to create positive experiences in physical activity and promote healthy lifestyle choices among overweight minority children. It also provided a service-learning opportunity, giving HESS students plentiful opportunities to hone their teaching skills and interact with diverse children while providing benefits to an underserved population. The two primary goals of Fun & Fit were to create an atmosphere and structure in which the third, fourth, and fifth graders experienced enjoyment and success in physical activities, and to increase their nutritional knowledge during the twice-a-week, 90-minute sessions. The philosophy of the curriculum was based on socialcognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), which suggests that an individual 's


Congestive heart failure (HF) is the end stage for many cardiac diseases. It is associated with high mortality and high hospital readmission rates, despite advances in pharmacological (sacubitril‐losartan, beta‐b lockers and renin‐angiotens in system inhibitors) and non‐pharmacological (defibrillators and resynchronizers) treatment. Therefore, it is natural that clinicians are interested in the improvement of diagnostic methods and efficient prognostic markers capable of identifying patients at higher risk, thus anticipating complications and providing treatment guidance. We cardiologists have long recognized biventricular dysfunction as a more severe and advanced form of HF, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a biochemical marker, used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. However, BNP are not yet widely used in daily clinical practice, probably due to overestimation of clinical parameters for the indication, conduction and determination of the therapy in most services focused on these patients' assistance. The search for other methods with prognostic and diagnostic value for right ventricular dysfunction remains constant. Nevertheless, these methods must meet the requirements that current tests have failed to achieve: low cost, high specificity and sensitivity, reproducibility and no requirement of high technical knowledge to operate. Elastography has long been used by hepatologists in the evaluation of liver parenchyma stiffness.1 This test assesses tissue stiffness using an ultrasound transducer, which measures low‐frequency vibrations. There is a direct relationship between the parenchyma stiffness and the propagation of these vibrations registered by the device. The stiffer the hepatic parenchyma, the faster the vibrations are propagated. Often, this stiffness is associated with numerous factors such as fibrosis, inflammation, liver perfusion, fatty infiltration, cholestasis and congestion. Interestingly, the congestion that interfered in the results of elastography, during the investigation of liver diseases, called cardiologists' attention. It was clear that there was an important correlation between increased liver stiffness and increased venocapillary pressure2 and also the possibility of using this test to assess right ventricular performance. Ávila D et al.,3 in their excellent systematic review, selected 7 studies that compared hepatic elastography (HE) with the results of echocardiography and BNP, in patients with HF. They concluded that the use of this technique seems to improve the diagnostic power of increased right‐sided filling cardiac pressures and could assist in the medical management of these patients, adding prognostic value at the moment of hospital discharge. However, they were careful in stating that these are not A definitive result, and further studies are needed for a better understanding of this issue. Elastography combined with ultrasound is a simple, fast, low‐cost and noninvasive test, performed at the bedside. Still, several barriers have yet to be overcome: Regarding elastography, the method is examiner‐ dependent. Besides, it requires a device so that the measurements are obtained, and adequate training to mitigate the possibility of measuring errors. 233


@actualham and the entire PSU crew would make a good model for our LEP redo...if we ever get to redo that mess...


This study was undertaken to evaluate the response of ten Egyptian wheat cultivars to both normal irrigation (I 0 ) and water stress (I 1 ) conditions. Additionally, assessing different drought indices under contrasting water treatments. The field experiments were conducted in El- Hammam Experimental Farm, North Western Coast of Egypt, in the consecutive winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2013/2014. Results showed that different cultivars did not perform similarly under water stress condition, but, generally for all tested cultivars grain yield decreased significantly. Cultivar Sids-13 and Misr-1 produced the highest values for grain yield where they recorded 6.03 and 6.29 tons/ha in 2011/2012 and 2013/2014, respectively. Moreover, considerable wheat production can be achieved at low level of irrigation which provide appropriate selection for superior cultivars. Consequently, response to irrigation water level differed depending on the cultivar. Based on drought indices of mean productivity (MP), geometric mean of productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI), Sids-13 and Misr-1 were identified as suitable genotypes for dry land areas where drought stress more frequently occurs during post-anthesis stage. The MP, GMP and STI indices were positively and highly correlated with grain yield under normal and stress conditions. Therefore, STI, GMP and MP were able to identify tolerant and high yielding genotypes in both environments.


JR Central's opening of its SCMAGLEV and Railway Park on 14 March 2011 was attended by 3400 people and 6 weeks later on 30 April 2011, the total number of visitors had already exceeded 200,000. SCMAGLEV is the abbreviation for Superconducting Maglev that JR Central is now developing for revenue services. The SCMAGLEV and Railway Park has 39 exhibits of different rolling stock, ranging from steam locomotives to shinkansen trains and a prototype Superconducting Maglev. In addition, it has the largest railway diorama in Japan, various simulators, Railway History Room, Superconducting Maglev Room, etc., appealing to both children and adults. Moreover, the 4000-m2 photovoltaic system on the roof supplies 25% of the museum's electricity consumption and helps reduce global warming.


An apparatus, to be installed on a cliche or plate supporting machine, for providing a perfect sealing, without air bubbles, of photopolymers assembled on a sleeve member coated by an adhesive strip, characterized in that said apparatus comprises a carriage driven through a valve and actuator system adapted to provide different pressure steps which may be fully parameterized depending on a client's requirements.


We consider the crossed product $G_{ga}$ by $\R_+^*$ of the adiabatic groupoid associated with any Lie groupoid $G$. We construct an explicit Morita equivalence between the exact sequence of order 0 pseudodifferential operators on $G$ and (a restriction of) the natural exact sequence associated with $G_{ga}$. As an important intermediate step, we express a pseudodifferential operator on $G$ as an integral associated to a smoothing operator on the adiabatic groupoid $G_{ad}$ of $G$.


Submitted for the DPP08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Spatio-Temporal Multiscaling Dynamics of Impurity Transport in Turbulent Plasmas SADRI BENKADDA, SHIMPEI FUTATANI, France-Japan Magnetic Fusion Laboratory LIA 336 CNRS, DIEGO DEL-CASTILLO-NEGRETE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory — The spatio-temporal dynamics of the turbulent transport of impurities is studied in the Hasegawa-Wakatani model. Two transport scenarios are studied: a freely decaying case, and a forced case in which the impurity is forced by an externally imposed gradient. The results of the numerical simulations are analyzed using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) techniques. The low rank spatial POD eigenfunctions capture the large scale coherent structures and the high rank eigenfunctions capture the small scale fluctuations. The temporal evolution at each scale is dictated by the corresponding temporal POD eigenfunctions. In the decaying case the POD reveals the presence of "bursty" dynamics in which successively small scales are intermittently activated during the mixing process. In the forced simulations, the temporal dynamics exhibits stationary fluctuations. Spatial intermittency or "patchiness" in the mixing process characterizes the distribution of the passive tracer in the decaying quasi-hydrodynamic regime. The spatio-temporal POD scales exhibit a diffusive-type scaling in the quasi-adiabatic regime. However, diffusive scaling seems to be absent in the quasi-hydrodynamic regime. Diego del-Castillo-Negrete Oak Ridge National Laboratory Date submitted: 21 Jul 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The modern world requires intelligent vehicle systems. The lane detection is one of the key process steps in intelligent vehicle systems. This paper proposes a new optimized approach to lane detection using partial Hough transform with image enhancement techniques. A proposed partial Hough parameter space is used for detecting lanes and the approach is verified with different image sets. This method of detection follows fixing region of interest, gray scale conversion of the image, edge detection and lane detection using proposed partial Hough transform. The results of lane detection is compared to the standard Hough transform approach and the improvements are discussed.


The area of test and measurement is changing rapidly because of the recent developments in software and hardware. The test and measurement systems are increasingly becoming PC based. Most of these PC based systems use graphical programming language to design test and measurement modules called virtual instruments (Vis). These Vis provide visual representation of dat or models, and make understanding of abstract concepts and algorithms easier. This allows users to express their ideas in a concise manner. One such virtual instruments package is LabVIEW from National Instruments Corporation at Austin, Texas. This software package is one of the first graphical programming products and is currently used in number of academic institutions, industries, Department of Defense graphical programming products and is currently sued in number of academic institutions, industries, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration for various test, measurement, and control applications. LabVIEW has an extensive built-in VI library that can be used to design and develop solutions for different applications. Besides using the built-in VI library that can be used to design and develop solutions for different applications. Besides using the built-in VI modules in LabVIEW, the user can design new VI modules easily. This paper discusses the use of LabVIEW to design and develop digital signal processing VI modules such as Fourier Analysis and Windowing. Instructors can use these modules to teach some of the signal processing concepts effectively.


Scenarios with mid-air collision events require complex studies where the aircraft may fly on the edge of their flight envelope. This problem is not only limited to the maneuver since the recovery might lead the system to an unstable state if the performance is critical. Design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) by using the uniform design (UD) experimental method represent a tool to study the performance of the aircraft without the full analysis of the dynamics of flight. In a specific simulation context described in this paper, encounters between two representative general aircraft, a Cessna 172 and a Twin Otter, in a Phi $(\phi)$ maneuver are simulated. From the encounters, a diving avoidance maneuver is developed in a mid-air collision circumstance. The recovery is later observed and analyzed when the aircraft remains in a safe area while it waits for the thread to be removed. Assuming that the computer model is accurate and the simulation stable, the metamodel using UD provides an optimal combination of commands for all the scenarios with a minimum discrepancy. The implications of this paper are seen in the flexibility of this method owing to its adaptability to fit any computer model and simulation scenario. This feature is currently being used to study unmanned aerial vehicles and their interactions with other human-piloted aircraft in the same environment with the purpose of developing critical avoidance maneuvers.


Aims and objectives: The study aimed to record the distance between the inner and outer canthus of the eye and to compare it with the distance between the base of the nose to the lower border of the lower lip which can later be used to measure vertical dimension in occlusion. Materials and methods: Two hundred dental students comprising males and females between 18 years and 25 years of age-group constituted the samples for this study. The intercanthal distance (distance between medial and lateral canthus of the eyes) and subnasale (base of the nose) to the lower border of lower lip distances were measured by the digital caliper when the patient closed in centric occlusion. In this manner, measurements were made in all the samples and data obtained were tabulated for further analysis. Results: The coincidence of occlusal vertical dimension with intercanthal width among the male and female categories was 76 for males and 107 for females out of the total of 183. A 91.5% accuracy was observed in both sexes which suggests that intercanthus distance can be used as a guide to developing active vertical dimension in edentulous subjects. This was done by adjusting the height of the occlusal rims and measuring the distance between the base of the nose to the inferior border of the lower lip till it equals the intercanthus distance. This method was later verified by clinical judgment. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the intercanthus distance can be used as a guide to developing active vertical dimension in edentulous subjects. Clinical significance: The distance between the outer and inner canthus can be a reliable landmark, which can be used for anthropometric measurements to record vertical dimension in edentulous patients requiring complete dentures along with other existing methods.


Background: Low-value services account for $75 billion to $100 billion of U.S. health care spending (1). Primary care physicians (PCPs) have been conceptualized as potential gatekeepers for efforts to reduce low-value spending, but the share of low-value spending directly related to their services and referral decisions remains unclear (2, 3). Objective: To estimate the share of low-value spending on Medicare beneficiaries that is directly related to their attributed PCP's services or referrals. Methods and Findings: We analyzed Medicare Part B claims from a 20% random sample of beneficiaries enrolled between 2007 and 2014. The study population included beneficiaries who were continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare Parts A and B in a given year and the preceding year. Each beneficiary was attributed to the PCP (general practice, family practice, internal medicine, or geriatric medicine physician) who accounted for the plurality of the patient's office visits in each calendar year (2). Those unattributed to a PCP in a given year were attributed to their PCP from the preceding year. We excluded beneficiaries in a given year who could not be attributed to a PCP. We calculated the percentages of all low-value spending resulting from services performed or ordered by a beneficiary's PCP, referred for by their PCP, performed by a physician to whom their PCP previously referred them, and performed by a physician to whom their PCP never referred them. Spending was based on a claim's Medicare allowed amount. We defined low-value services using an established set of 31 services judged to be low-value by physician societies, Medicare criteria, and clinical guidelines (Table 1), of which 17 are commonly provided in primary care (2, 4, 5). Analyses were done in Stata, version 15 (StataCorp). The institutional review board at Stanford University approved this study and waived patient informed consent. We attributed 8402085 beneficiaries (73.3% of 11467232 beneficiaries) (57.0% women; 83.7% White; mean age, 73.0 years [SD, 11.9]) to 210277 PCPs. The percentages of beneficiaries who received 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more low-value services per year were 60.9%, 21.3%, 9.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. Annual spending on low-value Part B services ($171.33) amounted to 4.2% of total Part B spending ($4063.49) and 1.4% of total Medicare spending ($11991.99) per beneficiary. The share of low-value spending on services for which a beneficiary's attributed PCPwas the performing or ordering physician was 14.5%, 19.8% of such spending was referred for by the PCP, and 5.6% was performed by a physician to whom the PCP previously referred the beneficiary. The remaining 60.2% of low-value spending was for services performed or ordered by a physician to whom the PCP never referred the beneficiary (Table 1). For health care use, 23.2% of low-value services were performed or ordered by the PCP, 11.9% were referred for by the PCP, 3.3% were performed by a previously PCP-referred physician, and 61.6% were not PCP-related. Low-value services PCPs performed or ordered, those they referred out, those performed by a previously PCP-referred physician, and those that were not LETTERS


The purpose of this study was directed to evaluate the effects of different toothconditioning agents on shear bond strength of resin-modified glass– ionomer cement(Fuji III LC) to enamel as well as on dissolution of calcium ions from the enamel surfaces.Methods. The enamel surfaces of lower incisors were treated with 10 and 20%polyacrylic acid, 12% citric acid and 35% phosphoric acid for 20s. Fuji III LC wasapplied to the etched enamel surfaces, and the shear bond strength of each specimenwas measured using an Instron Universal Testing Instrument. The amounts of calciumions dissolved from the treated enamel surfaces were also measured using a polarizedZeeman atomic absorptiometer. Results. In specimens pretreated with distilled water,10% polyacrylic acid, 20% polyacrylic acid, 12% citric acid and 35% phosphoric acid,the mean values of shear bond strength were 5.5, 12.5, 15.2, 15.2 and 15.1 MPa, respectively,and the amounts of Ca2 dissolved from the enamel surfaces were 5.6, 41.4, 88.5,131.6 and 588.3 mg/cm2,respectively. Conclusions. The adhesion of a resin-modifiedglass–ionomer cement to enamel was significantly improved by the use of tooth-conditioningagents. Especially, treatments of an enamel surface with 20% polyacrylic acidresults in good shear both strength and relatively small degree of enamel erosion.


Report presenting an investigation to develop a high-combustion-efficiency turbojet combustor with pressure losses typical of those encountered in current turbojet engines. A total of 13 air-entry hole modifications was investigated to obtain a combustor design with high combustion efficiencies and a satisfactory outlet radial temperature profile. Results regarding combustor development and the performance of Model 28I are provided.


CONTEXT
A smaller lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle was reported to be a strong predictor of lower limb injury in professional Australian Football League players. However, despite the high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and lower limb injury in rugby players, their LM characteristics have yet to be explored.

OBJECTIVE
To (1) examine LM characteristics in male and female university rugby players and their possible associations with LBP and lower limb injury and (2) investigate the relationship between LM characteristics and body composition in this group of athletes.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
University research center.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-four university rugby players (20 women, 14 men).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Ultrasound measurements of LM cross-sectional area (CSA), thickness, and percentage change in thickness during contraction were obtained bilaterally, at the L5-S1 level, in prone and standing positions. Body composition measures were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported questionnaires were used to obtain LBP and lower limb injury history.

RESULTS
Players who reported LBP in the previous 3 months showed a smaller percentage change in thickness during contraction in the standing position (F = 5.21, P = .03). The LM CSA side-to-side asymmetry (right versus left) was greater in players who reported having a lower limb injury in the previous 12-months (F = 4.98, P = .03). The LM CSA was significantly associated with body composition measurements. A greater percentage change in thickness during contraction was significantly associated with a lower percentage of body fat. The LM echo intensity was strongly associated with the total percentage of body fat and was significantly greater in women.

CONCLUSIONS
The influence of body composition on LM morphology in athletes cannot be ignored and warrants further investigation. Our findings also provide preliminary evidence of an association between LM morphology, LBP, and lower limb injury in university rugby players.


Methane,an even more serious greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide,could be re-duced effectively via anaerobic oxidation.According to standard Gibbs energies,it can be oxidized into carbon dioxide under anaerobic condition,when oxides e.g.SO42?、Mn4+、Fe3+、NO3? act as the electron acceptors.This paper focus on the mechanism,characteristics of methanotrophic bacteria and reaction condition of anaerobic oxidation driven by sulfate or ni-trate.The problems and prospect of the research are also indicated.Reverse methanogenesis,acetogenesis and methylogenesis are three possible pathways in anaerobic oxidation driven by sulfate,whereas aerobic or anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification are proba-bly the pathways when NO3? serves as the electron acceptor.The concentrations of methane,SO42? or NO3? and organic content,as well as environmental conditions will dramatically af-fect anaerobic methane oxidation.


Germany has a more than 30 year history in research on solar thermal fuel production. This paper summarizes the present R&D status. It covers the work in the programs of the Helmholtz Association as well as joint academia and industry research projects funded by national and international programs like the German federal ministries or the European Union. It therefore describes how the present maturity level was achieved and who the key partners are. Thermochemical cycles based on metal oxides and sulfur and the solar reforming of methane are the main fields of research discussed. But also developments in solar concentrating facilities are described. Presently as well basic questions like material improvement and theoretical understanding are research topics as well as scale-up into industrial dimensions to enable industry to take over the technologies as soon as possible.


The authors have studied the process of formation of bound states associated with the substitutional nitrogen impurity in GaPxAs1-x as a function of the change in band structure with alloy composition. The host crystal band structure and the impurity potential are represented by local pseudopotentials, using the virtual crystal approximation. The problems of finding a self-consistent potential are dealt with in some detail and it is demonstrated that the results obtained by perturbation theory (screening) may differ from those obtained by large-scale computer calculations typically by 10-15%. The magnitude of this correction is affected by processes similar to those participating in the formation of deep localised states.


To the Editor. — We are aware of three serious instances of hypermagnesemia in the same institution following dosing errors directly related to the availability of vials of magnesium sulfate, each containing 101.5 mmol of magnesium (203 mEq, as 50 mL of a 50% solution). Report of Cases.— Case1.—A 35-year-old man was being treated for alcohol withdrawal. "One amp of 50% magnesium sulfate" was ordered for slow intravenous infusion. The intent was that the patient receive a standard ampule containing 2 mL of 50% solution— 4.03 mmol (1 g or 8.06 mEq) of magnesium. Instead, the patient received a 50-mL vial of 50% magnesium sulfate. After about 35 mL was infused, the patient complained of nausea, vomited, and fell when he attempted to stand. He was noted to have diffuse muscle weakness and areflexia and he could not speak. He was treated with calcium, normal saline, and furosemide. His


The Lie point symmetries and corresponding invariant solutions are obtained for a Gaussian, irrotational, compressible fluid flow. A supersymmetric extension of this model is then formulated through the use of a superspace and superfield formalism. The Lie superalgebra of this extended model is determined and a classification of its subalgebras is performed. The method of symmetry reduction is systematically applied in order to derive special classes of invariant solutions of the supersymmetric model. Several new types of algebraic, hyperbolic, multi-solitonic and doubly periodic solutions are obtained in explicit form.


Purpose This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of self-reported antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms by severity across multiple countries and the association between antidepressant treatment in pregnancy and postnatal symptom severity. Materials and methods This was a multinational web-based study conducted across 12 European countries (n=8069). Uniform data collection was ensured via an electronic questionnaire. Pregnant women at any gestational week and mothers of children with <1 year of age could participate. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms according to severity, which were corrected by survey weight adjustment (descriptive analysis). Within mothers with a psychiatric disorder (n=173), we estimated the association between antidepressant treatment in pregnancy and postnatal depressive symptom severity, as standardized EPDS mean scores, via the inverse probability of treatment weight (association analysis). Results In the descriptive analysis (n=8069), the period prevalence of moderate-to-very severe depressive symptoms was higher in the western and eastern regions relative to the northern region, both in the antenatal period (6.8%–7.5% vs 4.3%) and in the postnatal period (7.6% vs 4.7%). One in two mothers with psychiatric disorders used an antidepressant in pregnancy (86 of 173). In the association analysis, women medicated at any time during pregnancy (adjusted β=−0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] =−0.66, −0.02) had a significant postnatal symptom severity reduction compared with the nonmedicated counterpart. This effect was larger (β=−0.74, 95% CI =−1.24, −0.24) when the analysis was restricted to mothers within 6 months after childbirth. Conclusion The prevalence of self-reported antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms differs across European countries. Among women with psychiatric disorders, those who had been on treatment with antidepressants during pregnancy were less likely to report postnatal depressive symptoms, particularly within the 6-month period after childbirth, compared with the nonmedicated counterpart.


While hypomethylating agents (HMA) are currently used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, their effects on reactivation and/or upregulation of oncogenes have not been previously described. SALL4 is a known oncogene that plays an important role in MDS. In this study, we examined the relationship between SALL4 methylation and expression, and evaluated changes of SALL4 expression and their prognostic value in MDS patients undergoing HMA treatment. In no/low-SALL4 expressing leukemic cell lines, we identified that demethylation of a critical CpG region was associated with increased SALL4 expression, and HMA treatment led to demethylation of this region and upregulation of SALL4. In MDS patients, we observed SALL4 upregulation after four cycles of azacytidine (AZA) treatment in 40% of the cases. Significantly, patients in the responder group with SALL4 upregulation had the worst outcome. This is the first study focusing on demethylation and upregulation of an oncogene after HMA treatment. Our data indicate that MDS patients receiving HMA treatment should be monitored for upregulation of oncogenes such as SALL4 for poor outcome.


This study aims to determine the development of Canva-Based Animation Learning Media on the material form and function of animal bodies in class IV SDN Cilebut 01, and to determine the feasibility of learning process animation video products. The method used in this research is using the ADDIE method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In this study, validation tests were carried out on experts in the media and material fields to develop and perfect Canva-based animated video products for students. The results of the data from the validation of media experts were 98.2%, which means it was very feasible to implement and the results from material experts were 84% which were stated to be very feasible to implement. And based on a limited trial conducted on class IV students as many as 25 students obtained a proper score of 87.44%, which means that Canva-based animation video products are suitable for use in the learning process.


A considerable variation in noise data between members of a group of nominally identical small electric machines has been observed. Data for such members are here analysed by the analysis of variance to assess the relative importance of the possible sources of variability. The presentation of the noise produced by the mass-produced machines is made with the aid of statistical techniques. The errors involved in using different numbers of motors and different numbers of sound-pressure sampling points around each motor and of using approximate calculating procedures are also studied. The paper should be of particular interest to industry for assessing, with a desired degree of accuracy, the noise of mass-produced small machines, so that the noise may be compared with that which may be quoted in forthcoming international and British standards in which noise limits for electric machines will be specified. With the aid of the techniques put forward, reliable judgments may be made of the effects of new design features on the noise output of small machines. Numerical examples for data obtained using the A weight ing network are given. The method can be applied in the same manner to analysis of noise data in octave bands, one-third-octave bands and narrowbands.


An analysis is presented of planar magnetic structures (PMSs) detected in the solar wind by the Ulysses spacecraft between its launch in October 1990 and the end of 1998. In all, 667 such structures were found, with durations between 6 hours (the minimum in the search algorithm) and 66 hours. The total amount of magnetometer data found to represent planar periods accounted for 9% of all data returned from the instrument during 1990–1998. PMSs are found to be a common occurrence within corotating interaction regions. Around one fifth of PMSs can probably be accounted for by the passage of shocks through the solar wind, leading to alignment and amplification of preexisting features. Heliospheric current sheet crossings were found to be close to about 50% of PMSs. The results thus favor several previously proposed PMS formation mechanisms. After other causes of PMSs such as draping around the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejecta are taken into account, there still remains a sizeable minority of events that have no obvious association with other solar wind features. It is suggested that some of these unexplained PMSs may have been caused by compressional processes such as draping around transient features and had remained in the solar wind when the signatures of the features responsible were no longer recognizable.


The ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangement (PTA) was an early effort at regionalized growth in the face of divergent growth strategies of individual member countries. This article attempts to shed some light on the potential of the PTA as currently structured, following the findings of a comparative static ex ante analysis. On the basis of the results found, this research attempts to diagnose how the PTA could be enhanced to make it a more effective tool for greater intra-ASEAN trade. Additional ly, other areas such as the ASEAN Industrial Scheme, harmonization policies, and the case of primary commodities are examined in the context of existing problems.


A miniaturized ultra‐wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with reconfigurable multiple‐band notched performance is demonstrated. By modifying the shape of the patch and the ground plane, the UWB operation is achieved. The first and second band‐notches are respectively generated by etching a rectangular slot with open ends and a U‐shaped slot in the patch, and the third band‐notch is produced by loading a C‐shaped parasitic element beneath the patch. To realize the reconfigurable band‐notched functions, four PIN diodes are inserted in three band‐rejected structures. The antenna has a compact dimension of 30 mm × 26 mm. It can switch between a UWB state and several band‐notch states by alternating the states of the diodes. Also, good radiation patterns are obtained.


Our starting point is the authoritative judgement by Marius B. Jansen, Professor Emeritus of Japanese History at Princeton University, in his The Making of Modern Japan: 'The story of the struggle of Japanese to learn more about the West from the Dutch is one of the most extraordinary chapters in cultural exchange in world history.' (Jansen 2000, 211). It is this story of Rangaku (Dutch Studies in Japan) which is the central topic of Christopher Joby's masterful new book, published in January by Brill: The Dutch Language in Japan (1600–1900). A Cultural and Sociolinguistic Study of Dutch as a Contact Language in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. After his PhD in History from Durham University in 2006, Joby in 2014 and 2015 produced two solid monographs on language contact and cultural connections between the Dutch and the English in the 17


Salinity treatments of 0.43, 1.7 and 3.4 dS/m were applied through a drip‐irrigation system to four‐year‐old vines of own‐rooted Sultana (SO) and Sultana on Ramsey rootstock (Sr) The vines were planted in spring 1987 and established for two years under irrigation with low salinity (0.43 dS/m) water before commencing the range of salinity treatments in spring 1989. The effects of salinity and rootstock on yield, size and composition of berries, canopy size, lamina CO2 assimilation, leaf water relations and lamina ion concentrations were studied between veraison and harvest during the second season of salinity treatments. Mature leaves of SR had higher rates of CO2 assimilation (leaf area basis) and stomatal conductance than comparable leaves of SO. The high salinity treatment (3.4 dS/m) reduced CO2 assimilation rate of SO but not of SR. Medium salinity (1.7 dS/m) had no significant effect on CO2 assimilation rate of either type. Laminae of SO accumulated significantly higher concentrations of chloride than SR vines at all salinity levels. There was a significant negative correlation (r2= 0.44) between CO2 assimilation rate and laminae chloride of SO. Leaf sodium concentrations increased with increasing salinity, but concentrations in laminae at high salinity were similar in SO and SR, with SR showing no reduction in CO2 assimilation. Leaf potassium concentrations were higher in SR, but decreased with increasing salinity, whereas magnesium concentrations were similar in SO and SR vines but increased in both at high salinity. Leaf water potential and relative water content were not significantly affected by salinity in either SO or SR vines. Both vine types had reduced total leaf area and pruning wood weights as salinity increased, but they were greater in SR at all salinity levels because of the higher inherent capacity for biomass production in SR vines. The bigger canopies, lower lamina chloride concentrations and 'normal' photosynthesis rates of SR vines at 3.4 dS/m enabled these vines to mature crops with similar berry weights, sugar contents and fruit yield compared with those of SO vines at 0.43 dS/m. The research demonstrated the benefit of using Ramsey rootstock for Sultana under saline field conditions and provided a physiological explanation for their higher salt tolerance.


No research on the history of anatomy in the medieval period can be considered complete without mentioning Mondino de Luzzi (cca. 1270-1326). Mondino de Luzzi (also known as Mundini or Mundinus, Liuzzi, Lucci, Liucius, or even Lentiis and Leutiis) was an Italian physician, anatomist, and professor of surgery at the University of Bologna (Figure 1) (1). While his admirers call him the "Restorer of anatomy," and his teachings on dissection influenced even Leonardo da Vinci (2), his critics claim that he only observed rather than performed dissections and purely repeated his predecessors' findings (3). All this controversy has justifiably created an atmosphere of mystery around this medieval anatomist. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the life and achievements of Mondino de Luzzi.

Figure 1

Portrait of Mondino created by Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla (Available from: http://ihm.nlm.nih.gov/luna/servlet/detail/NLMNLM~1~1~101436495~174950:Mondino-De-Luzzi).


Abstract With the re-authorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1997 and No Child Left Behind legislation (2001), teacher education programs are recognizing the importance of helping general and special education prospective teachers gain the skills necessary to share the responsibility for educating students with disabilities. One approach for developing shared responsibility within teacher education programs is the development of cooperative teaching placements that nurture the skills necessary for collaboration. This study explores how co-teaching within a pre-internship cultivates prospective teacher collaboration and enhances teacher learning. The findings of this study are revealed through three metaphorical themes: "Teachers playing together: Collegiality, Job Satisfaction, and Shared Responsibility," "The Gift of the Gab: A Cycle of Teacher Talk," and, "Cruising Together: Navigating the Politics of Schools." These themes suggest that co-teaching field placements show promise for prospective teacher development, preparing teachers to work in collaborative school cultures, and shifting the gaze toward partnering to meet the needs of diverse students.


This chapter was written for a collection of essays exploring the history and legacy of the 1955 Bandung conference. Its focus is the discursive production of the "idea" of Central Asia during the first half of the Cold War era. Because of its unique historical and cultural circumstances, Soviet Central Asia provided an important – and today completely underappreciated – reference point for various debates concerning economic modernisation and development policy that took place around that time across different parts of what would soon come to be known as the "Third World". What sort of content was encoded in the course of these debates into the "idea" of Central Asia? What promise did the idea of Central Asia hold for the newly decolonised polities in Asia and Africa? And what role did Central Asia's own ambivalently colonial status within the broader Soviet statebuilding project play in the production of that content and that promise? Taking the view that the key to each of these questions lies, ultimately, in the narrativisation of Central Asia by the two main protagonists in the Cold War, this essay traces the different forms of Orientalising discourses produced by Soviet and Western policymakers and commentators. It argues that despite all the differences between them, at their shared focal point lay the same basic notion of Central Asia as a "practical advertisement" and proving ground for Soviet socialism as a model of cultural and economic development.


Thlaspi arvense seed flour extracts converted [1′-14C]allylglucosinolate to [3-14C]allylthiocyanate. This result is discussed in terms of the mechanisms by which organic thiocyanates may be derived from glucosinolates.


This study is to discuss the effect of Sb additions (0~3.86 wt%) as well as the cooling rate(slowly cooling, 1.68℃/sec、fast cooling, 5.03℃/sec) upon the microstructure ad the interfacial metallic compound variations of Sn-Ag solder joints combined with Cu/Ni-P/Au UBM and Cu substrates. The Single Lap specimens and high temperature storage at 150℃ are also performed to evaluate the shear strength and thermal resistance of solder joints. The experimental results show that melting points of Sn-Ag-xSb solders increased with the addition of Sb. When the amounts of Sb is lower than 3.86%, Sb will solve into beta-Sn matrix, and the microstructures is composed of the eutectic phase of beta-Sn with Ag3Sn dispersion surrounding primary beta-Sn. When Sb is reached to 3.86%, the laminar-like Sn4Sb3 compounds are dispersed in beta-Sn matrix. Ag3Sn compounds and beta-Sn dendrite will become finer by fast cooling of the solder joints. Meanwhile the finer fibrous Ag3Sn will be bound into interfacial surface to suppress the growth rate of IMC layer. Sb additions reduce the coarseness of the Ag3Sn at high temperature, however, this effect is not evident as the amount of Sb reaches 3.86%. The shear strength of Sn3.5Ag solder joints combined with Cu substrates decreased by increasing the thermal storage time at 150℃. But this did not occur by the results of the Sn-Ag solder joints with Sb addition. Shear strength of whole solder joints combined with Cu/Ni-P/Au UBM on the contrary increased after thermal storage for 600 hours. In Sn-Ag-xSb solder, fast cooling by specimen of low Sb addition has the same effect on strength performance as that by more Sb addition. The shear strength of Sn-3.15Ag-2.18Sb solder joints combined with Cu/Ni-P/Au UBM under fast cooling is 61.4 MPa, and Sn-2.92Ag-3.86Sb solder joints under slowly cooling is 64.7 MPa. Fracture observation reveals that all the specimen fractured at solder joints matrix. Fractographical observation show that the fracture dimples become finer as the duration of thermal storage increased. The adhesion strength of solder joints also increased as dimple size decreased. Evaluation on based this study show that, the Sn-3.15Ag-2.18Sb solder joints combined with Cu/Ni-P/Au UBM under fast cooling has a better reliability and performance among the all.


The integrity and safety of beam-like structures are dependent in part on their boundary conditions which can vary with time due to damage or aging. Structural health monitoring of such structures should therefore include attention to boundary conditions. Where the boundary conditions can be represented by a lumped spring then the identification of associated stiffness parameter values may be a means to quantifying the integrity of the support. This paper investigates such a method for identifying the equivalent translational and rotational stiffness of a constrained tapered beam-like structure. An analytical model of a beam of tapered width and thickness is adopted as a simplified representation of a tower-like structure. The model is used to explore in what scenarios natural frequencies and/or nodal points might be sufficiently sensitive to changes in support conditions to be measurable indicators of damage. The method is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations for a numerical example where the severity of noise can be controlled.


free of PVC, treatable multilayer film autoclave, specially designed to contain medical products liquids, constituted by at least three layers, outer namely (A), an inner layer (I) and an intermediate layer (M), each of which is formed in 60-100% by weight of polypropylene materials and in 40-0% by weight of a thermoplastic elastomer, always referring the data on the weight of the total weight of the layer in question, characterized in that the multilayer film, after a hot steam sterilization at 121 ° C or higher temperatures by the method of hot water spray, no measurable elastic limit (no yield) according to any DIN EN ISO 527-1 to 3.


This small book first appeared as eight articles in The Lancet in 1967. A bibliography for each chapter and two new chapters were added for publication in book form. Subjects covered include the formation, structure, and properties of antibodies; immunologic memory; the role of the thymus and small lymphocytes in the immune response; the possible function of the macrophage in antibody formation; immune tolerance and paralysis; and autoimmunity. The author states concisely what he feels are the fundamental concepts of present-day immunology; he describes the experimental data basic to these concepts and the techniques used to derive the data.


Cloud computing services, which allow users to lease time on remote computer systems, must be particularly attractive to smaller engineering organizations that use engineering simulation software. Such organizations have occasional need for substantial computing power but may lack the budget and in-house expertise to purchase and maintain such resources locally. The case study presented in this paper examines the potential benefits and practical challenges that a medium-sized manufacturing firm faced when attempting to leverage computing resources in a cloud computing environment to do model-based simulation. Results show substantial reductions in execution time for the problem of interest, but several socio-technical barriers exist that may hinder more widespread adoption of cloud computing within engineering.


1 An underdetermined problem The inversion of seismic data allows one to obtain an image of the underground through the determination of a certain number of physical parameters. Borehole data (PSO) are of special interest because of the geometry of acquisition which provides more informative signals on the medium properties than surface seismic data (high frequency signal, energetic P-S conversions). However, the lack of seismic data redundancy (one shot) renders the inversion problem under-determined. Classical least squares inversions (without constraints) fail to give a sensible image of the subsurface when the medium has a complex geological structure (not tabular). This arises because of the non-uniqueness related to the degrees of freedom in the inversion problem. One mean to overcome the lack of redundancy in the data is to extract as much information as possible from them. Therefore a ne forward problem such as nite diierence method, when solving the elastic wave equation, is needed. The possibility of explaining various seismic events contained in the data (transmitted , reeected, multiple reeected, converted P and S waves) requires one to nd an Earth model that can explain all these events, thus removing part of the underdetermination of the problem. We will show in this paper that the other means to reduce signiicantly the degrees of freedom in the inverse problem is to incorporate constraints applied to the data and the model space. Using the least squares criterion, these constraints can be expressed simply through covariance matrices. 2 Least squares inversion Using a probabilistic formalism (Tarantola TA1]), we can rewrite the misst function as the limit of a series of convergent functions S n linearized in the vicinity of m n :


Ecobrick innovation becomes household furniture as an effort to tackle plastic waste and increase the income of scavenger wives. Antang Final Disposal Site (TPA) is one of the locations that has the potential for plastic waste pollution. Many efforts have been made to overcome over capacity in the Antang TPA, but until now the problem of waste accumulation has not been completely resolved. This Community Service activity aims to overcome the pile of garbage in the Antang TPA while increasing the productivity of the community, especially the scavenger's wives who only expect income from their husbands. Data collection methods were carried out through discussions, surveys, partner determination, pretest, training evaluation, direct practice of making ecobrick which were then innovated into household furniture, monitoring and posttest. The results of this training increased partners' understanding of ecobrick and how to manage waste into something useful by 100%, 91.67% of partners knew about making ecobrick, 83.33% of partners agreed to form entrepreneurship from the results of making ecobrick into household furniture. The training program for the use of plastic waste into a visionary innovation product in the form of household furniture with the ecobrick technique still needs sustainability training for more diverse products so that it can increase the quantity of products produced.


This paper reviews our recent studies of InP n-p-i-n Mach-Zehnder modulators monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier. Lossless operation for the entire C-band and good dynamic performance are obtained.


In view of the individual differences in student groups, the traditional teaching model cannot meet the needs of students' all-round development. Stratified teaching focuses on individual differences and learning needs of students, and makes targeted teaching plans and objectives, which is conducive to the improvement of the overall teaching effect. By establishing the difference model in stratified teaching and taking the computer network course as an example, the hierarchical teaching model based on the fast-clustering algorithm (K-means) is designed to achieve the hierarchical learning of students. The simulation experiment shows that the hierarchical teaching model based on the fast-clustering algorithm is more scientific and reasonable than the hierarchical method of expert classification algorithm and student total score ranking, and can provide reference for other disciplines.


In today's world of advanced technology where most remote sensing and photogrammetric data are recorded in digital format, virtually all image interpretation and analysis involves some element of digital processing. Digital image processing may involve numerous procedures including formatting and correcting of the data, digital enhancement to facilitate better visual interpretation, or even automated classification of targets and features entirely by computers. In order to process remotely sensed imagery digitally, the data must be recorded and available in a digital form. This paper examines a rigorous image enhancement technique for estimating a highresolution image, with reduced aliasing, from a sequence of undersampled frames. This algorithm is illustrated with applications which show its implementation using harmonic theory. The proposed method is of moderate computational complexity and has proved to be robust under noisy circumstances. Although the quality and resolution of the sensor arrays used to capture digital data continue to evolve, it is important that any algorithm used to enhance resolution must be device independent, thus capable of using input from not only low-resolution images, but also from higher resolution devices. This will allow even the highest resolution images to be improved while ensuring the longevity and applicability of the algorithm.The method is further validated as a tool to generate improved Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). A series of 3-D tests using objects of known geometry were carried out using low-resolution images and images enhanced by the algorithm. Results indicate its potential use for 3-D surface modelling.


Spinal anesthesia with different doses of intrathecal morphine has been shown to relieve post‐operative pain. We studied in a prospective randomized, double‐blind fashion the effects of morphine 0, 100, 200, or 300 μg added to intrathecal bupivacaine on first post‐operative 24 h patient‐controlled analgesia morphine (PCA‐morphine) consumption after abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.


Retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital abnormality resulting in the ureter passing dorsal to and being obstructed by the inferior vena cava. Its symptom is non-specific, and urography is the key to diagnosis. We report one such case diagnosed by spiral computed tomography urography.


Protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays an extremely important role in almost all life activities. The study of PPI has always been an important issue in the field of biomedicine. Extracting PPI information from the literature can provide important references for related research. In order to build an automated PPI extraction system, labeled corpora are required. However, annotated corpora are very limited, and annotating corpora is a time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly task. The amount of unlabeled data is huge and easy to obtain, so it is of great significance to apply semi-supervised learning to PPI extraction. Existing semi-supervised methods cannot make good use of the information in unlabeled data. Therefore, a semi-supervised PPI extraction method based on knowledge distillation and virtual adversarial training is proposed in this work, which enhances the modeling ability of the target model for text features through knowledge distillation, and conducts semi-supervised learning through virtual adversarial training to better utilize a large number of unlabeled data. Experiments on public datasets for PPI extraction show that the proposed method can achieve competitive performance while using only a small amount of labeled data.


Through the non separable solution of the eigenvalue problem associated to the problem of a charged particle in a flat box and a constant transversal magnetic field, with Landau and symmetric gauges, it is found that the Landau's levels are numerably degenerated in both cases. A mathematical proposition is proven to carry out this statement.


The real time stream processing engines are developed for different specific use cases, which incorporates various domains such as, IOT, finance, advertisement, telecommunications, healthcare etc. These stream processing engines are based on distributed processing models, where unbounded data streams are processed. Semantics of data stream is determined after complete scanning of whole data sets, which becomes inconvenient in real time stream processing to process entire data stream at once. Windowing mechanisms are used for processing data stream in a predefine topology with fixed number of operations such as, join, aggregate, filter etc. In this paper, a comparative study is performed with existing stream processing engines. This comparison provides a direction for choosing an appropriate stream processing engine. A modified master-slave model for stream processing is discussed for reducing latency, improving scalability and fault tolerance.


Neutrinos -- amongst the lightest known particles -- can mediate a force driving dark matter self-interaction and the small scale structure of the universe. We explore such a possibility in the simplest neutrino portal dark sector model where neutrino has a Yukawa coupling with a scalar $\phi$ and fermion $\chi$ that are degenerate in mass and together comprise 100\% of dark matter in the universe. We derive the non-relativistic potential generated by single-neutrino exchange which is of the monopole-dipole form and explore $\chi\phi\to\chi\phi$ scattering based on phase shift analysis. Our result shows that Born approximation continues to be valid in the low energy regime and the scattering cross section scales as $1/v^2$ over a wide range of dark matter velocities. Such a velocity-dependent self-interacting cross section can be large enough to explain the shallow density of dwarf galaxy cores and consistent with the upper limit from colliding galaxy clusters. The $1/v^2$ behavior persists down to rather low velocities $v\sim m_\nu/m$ where $m$ is the dark matter mass, leaving the opportunity for further astrophysical probes. Through the neutrino portal, the self-interacting dark matter parameter space can be tested by searches for $Z$-boson and light mesons decaying into the dark sector, as well as low-mass dark matter direct detection experiments.


The Beard-Maxwell reflection model is presented as a new local reflection model for use in realistic image synthesis. The model is important because there is a public domain database of surface reflection parameters, the Nonconventional Exploitation Factors Data System (NEFDS), that utilizes a modified form of the BeardMaxwell model. Additional surface reflection parameters for the database can be determined because a measurement protocol, using existing radiometric instruments, has been specified. The Beard-Maxwell model is also of historical significance because it predates many computer graphics reflection models and because it includes several features that are incorporated into existing local reflection models. The NEFDS is described and a special shader is developed for use with NEFDS. The shader makes use of the alias method for determining random variates from discrete probability distributions. Realistic images are synthesized from the existing database and from samples that were characterized using the measurement protocol.


The paper determines the basic and related concepts of culture. It points to the narrower and broader understanding of culture. The outstanding concepts are as follows: cultural patter, media culture, electronic culture, Serbian culture and foreign cultures, and Serbian cultural space. The second part is dedicated to major actors in culture, creators/authors, their works, the audience, institutions and organizations, cultural groups, state institutions with divided competences. The third part speaks of the restoration and dissemination of the national spirit (values) through two foundation pillars of culture - tradition (cultural heritage) and creative work. The fourth part casts light on the conflict nature of culture. The concluding part presents the attitude about the democratic struggle for cultural values.


Data centers are nowadays highly distributed, possibly over continents, to cope with the huge amounts of data collected these days. To deal with data loss in an environment where hardware failures are very common, researchers have developed new kinds of erasure codes. Erasure coding is a common technique used in all sorts of digital communication, including deep space communication and QR-codes, but has only seen now application in distributed storage systems. Facebook and Microsoft use a new class of erasure codes to build more storage efficient and reliable data centers. In this paper we introduce erasure coding and show how such codes are applied in a distributed storage system.


This paper presented the effect of run out on the experimental characteristic of micro-milling brass using carbide micro-end mills. A method of calculation and measurement for the run out of tool-holder-spindle assembly in micro-end mill was developed. A series of micro-milling process experiments were carried out under varying cutting parameters. The effect of run out on cutting forces, effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness, and size effect were analyzed. It was seen that the cutting force signature was seriously affected by run out in the micro-milling process. When the feed per tooth is less than the run out, the cutting force signals showed that only one cutter flute engaged in cutting process due to the effect of run out. It was also seen that the cutting force signature showed erratic variations due to the effect of tool–workpiece and the run out of tool tip at higher spindle speed. Surface roughness was affected by both cutting speed and feed per tooth. For lower cutting speed, there was increase in the surface roughness with the decrease in the cutting speed due to the effect of built-up edge. For higher cutting speed, there was increase in the surface roughness with the increase in the cutting speed due to dominance of the shearing effects. When the feed per tooth was less than the minimum chip thickness, due to the indentation and ploughing-dominated process, nonlinear increase of specific shear energy can be obtained. At lower feed per tooth, the specific energy increases with increased cutting speed. These results are used to provide strategies to optimize cutting parameters and achieve better surface quality in micro-milling brass process.


Abstract Branchinecta mackini Dexter, 1956 (Crustacea, Anostraca) has been thought to occur both east and west of the Continental Divide of North America for more than 30 years. My study revealed that individuals from east of the Divide are morphologically distinct from those found west of the Divide. Males consistently differed in the shape of the distal end of the antenna. The eastern taxon is described and given the name Branchinecta readingi new species.


ABSTRACT While the educational benefits of student self‐assessment are being increasingly recognised and self‐assessment procedures introduced into post‐secondary courses of many different kinds, the use of self‐assessment for grading purposes is a more controversial matter. Is there a role for student self‐assessment in formal assessment proceedings? If there is to be a role, what should it be? This paper focuses on these questions and examines why a marking role for self‐assessment should be considered and what evidence is available on the reliability of student‐generated marks. The implications of these findings are considered and strategies are proposed to improve student markers reliability and to incorporate self‐assessment indirectly into the formal assessment process.


When we studied the ultrastructural changes of bile canaliculi (BC) from patients suffering from hepatobiliary system disorders, we observed one case with viral hepatitis and a large amount of virus-like particles (VLPs) within BC. These VLPs were round or oval in shape, enveloped by a single-layered membrane, and were 18^28 nm in diameter. The content was clear or with an electron-dense core in the center (Figure 1). The patient was a male woodworker, 22 years old. Serological examination showed the following: GPT 51U, HBsAG 1:64, both anti-HBe and HBc were positive. The clinical and histopathological diagnosis was acute viral hepatitis. Ultrastructurally, the wall of BC and pericanalicular ectoplasm where the VLPs appeared were slightly dissolved (Figure 2). A VLP was protruding directly across the wall and a tubule-like microtuble joined its proximal end as if to push the VLP out or to offer a path toward the surface for the particle [1]. Along the direction of its movement an indistinctly dissolved path was seen in the pericanalicular ectoplasm (Figure 2). In addition, some exocytotic bodies containing VLPs wandered freely in the BC lumen (Figure 3) and seemed to spread the VLPs from the liver cells. Myelin figures and myelinic membranes were frequently observed near the VLPs (Figure 4), as reported previously in viral infection [2]. Striking changes took place in the nuclei of the liver cells as well. The perinuclear cisternae were dilated and filled with VLPs, which differed a little from the VLPs mentioned above. These VLPs had a more dense content, a smooth surface, and were lined with an enveloped membrane (Figure 5). Thus, they could not be ribosomes released from the nucleus [3], since no membrane enveloped the ribosome, and they could not be vesicles budded from the nuclear membrane [4], for such vesicles did not have an electon-dense content. A very strange concentrically laminated myelin figure was


Abstract This study offers an example of 'standing theology' as distinguished from sitting theology and kneeling theology. The occasion was the Second Sunday of Lent, 4 March 2012, in the churches of St Lawrence Wymington (population 920) and St Mary the Virgin Podington (population 440). The Gospel reading was Mark 8: 31–38.


OBJECTIVE To observe the antihypertensive effect of amlodipine besylate tablet combined with enalapril on the treatment of essential hypertension in the elderly and their protection to the kidney.METHODS Combined with 96 elderly patients with high pressure were divided into two groups randomly.The control group was orally given with enalapril 5 mg·d-1 while the experimental group was orally given with amlodipine besylate tablet 5 mg·d-1 given with enalapril 5 mg·d-1.Comparison of the change of the blood pressure and the renal function between the two groups both pre and post treatment after 8 weeks' treatment was made.RESULTS There was great change(P0.05)between pre and post treatment of systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure in both groups.Comparing the post treatment of two groups,there was also significant difference(P0.05).The renal function turned good after the treatment of the experimental group with two kinds of medicine,and the difference was obvious(P0.05).CONCLUSION The use of CCB amlodipine besylate tablets combined with ACEI enalapril can lower the blood pressure obviously and provide protective effect to the kidney.


The public libraries in the United States represent the pinnacle of the development of the libraries in the world,which possess unique development concept,management mode and service mode.The causes of the development of library undertaking in the United States mainly include four aspects,i.e.mature legal protection,standardized industry management organization,strong support from all sectors of society and professional management and service.The experience of the development of public libraries in the United States is also referential to the development of public libraries in China.


SUMMARY Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied to investigation of defect centres in heterostructures of AlGaAs/GaAs with GaAsP quantum well used for production of high-power laser diodes emitting the beam with the wavelength of 808 nm. In undoped Al 0.35 Ga 0.65 As cladding layers, Þ ve traps T1a (205 meV), T1b (215 meV), T2 (370 meV), T3 (380 meV) and T4 (470 meV) were revealed. The traps T1a, T2, T3 and T4 were found to be electron traps located in the cladding layer of n -type. The latter three traps are related to DX centres surrounded by different atomic composition due to alloy ß uctuation effect. The traps T3 (380 meV), identi Þ ed as DX centres localized in the vicinity of one Al atom and two Ga atoms, are predominant and their concentration is two times higher than that of traps T4 (470 meV), Þ ve times higher than the concentrations of traps T1a (205 meV) and T2 (370 meV) and three times higher than the concentration of traps T1b (215 meV). As a result of the aging processes, a strong increase (more than twofold) in the concentration of traps T2 (370 meV) was observed. The concentration of trap T1a (205 meV) was also approximately doubled. In the quantum well layer of GaAs 0.9 P 0.1 , three electron traps with activation energies of 200, 205 and 250 were revealed. These traps are likely to be related to DX centres surrounded by different quantity of arsenic and phosphorus atoms due to alloy ß uctuation effect. Moreover, a trap with the activation energy of 310 meV was detected. This trap is presumably related to a native defect resulting from climbing of inclined dislocations originated from the mis Þ t dislocations.


Arabidopsis trichome is a polyploidy epidermal cell resulting from multiple rounds of the endocycles. The CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR (CKI) family proteins are core cell cycle regulators which promote endocycle. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) is a plant-specific nucleoporin. It has been found that two of Arabidopsis CKIs, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIAMESE-RELATED 1 (SMR1), function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant effector-triggered cell death. The sim smr1 double mutants form multicellular and clustered trichomes, while the cpr5 mutants produce dead and branchless trichomes. This study explored roles of the CPR5-CKI signaling pathway in trichome cell cycle transition. To examine the underlying mechanism of how cell cycle transition is regulated in plant trichome, Trypan Blue staining, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear DNA measurement were conducted. The native promoter-driven CKI and GUS fusion reporter showed that both SIM and SMR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in trichome. The cpr5-induced dead and branchless trichomes were fully suppressed by the sim smr1 double mutant, suggesting that SIM and SMR1 function downstream of CPR5 in trichome development. Flow cytometry analysis showed that as compared to the number of 2C (C is the DNA content in a haploid nucleus) cells, the number of 4C cells significantly increased, whereas that of polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) dramatically decreased in the cpr5 mutant. The elevated 4C/2C ratio in cpr5 mutant is consistent with derepression of pro-endocycle regulators SIM and SMR1. The polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) may be selectively targeted to cell death which is therefore attributed to the branchless trichomes in cpr5 mutant. Nuclear DNA content analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of trichome in cpr5 sim mutant was significantly higher than that in sim mutant, indicating that CPR5 is a negative endocycle regulator in trichome. This study reveals that the CPR5-CKI signaling pathway controls trichome cell cycle transition and excessive endocycle is required for cell death in plant trichome.


The radical-induced grafting of n-butyl acrylate (BA) onto poly(butadiene-co-styrene) [(P(Bd-S)] latexes during seeded emulsion polymerization was studied. This P(Bd-S)/PBA rubber/rubber core/shell latex system exhibited unique grafting behavior as compared to other extensively studied rubber/glass core/shell latex systems, such as poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) [P(Bd-S)/PMMA], poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/polystyrene [P(Bd-S)/PS] and poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/poly(acrylonitrile)[P(Bd-S)/PAN]. These composite latexes were characterized by the formation of a highly grafted/crosslinked P(Bd-S)/PBA interphase zone generated during the seeded emulsion polymerization process. Although both of the individual core and shell polymers studied were "soft" themselves, the resulting P(Bd-S)/PBA composite latex particles were found to be rather "hard." The formation of the interphase zone was studied by using techniques such as solvent extraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:511–523, 1997


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the cervical cancer prevalence in the high-risk areas in Jiangxi province and to research the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer.METHODS: 2 460 women accepted the examinations of cervical visual inspection and cervical smears. Some of them were inspected by colposcopy or high-risk human papillomavirus DNA testing (HC-Ⅱ).RESULTS: According to the Pathological diagnosis, there are 10 cases of cervical cancer, 6 cases of CINⅡ,8 cases of CINⅠ.The prevalence of cervical cancer in the high-risk population was 406.50/100,000 and HPV DNA detection rate was 24.5%(70/286). The HPV detection rate increased with the grades of cervical lesion, χ2=7.73, P0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Xiushui County, Jiangxi province is the high-risk area of cervical cancer. High-risk human papillomavirus infection in female genital tract was the major risk factor of cervical cancer. The effective and efficiency screening methods are very essential in the area to prevent cervical cancer. Chin J Cancer Prev Treat,2005,12(2):89-91


This study addresses the history of the static holiday caravan site in Britain. Commercial holiday camps, such as Butlin's and Warner's, have been seen by many to be the epitome of UK post-war working-class holiday making. But despite some shared characteristics and developmental roots, it is argued that static caravan sites were and are essentially a separate phenomenon, and this study analyses how they quickly became a significant and substantial aspect of post-war domestic tourism. This study also demonstrates that unlike commercial holiday camps, they spawned organically as a result of the agency of the post-war working-class, who were empowered by a growing sense of confidence, assertion and economic security, against the vision of the state-approved holiday camp model. Arising as they did as an affordable and more individualistic alternative (despite strict planning legislation that in its formulation had no concept of their future development), it is shown that static caravan sites continued to develop (with the benefit of key legislation) in a way that was not in many respects typical of other aspects of UK domestic tourism in the second half of the twentieth century, but did reflect wider patterns of working-class consumerism. This study also argues that as a major aspect of domestic tourism, static caravan parks did not follow the well-documented pattern of decline experienced by many domestic resorts and holiday forms, but exhibited a distinct tendency to adapt and change in a way that allowed manufacturers and parks to offer an up-to-date and enticing product in times of economic growth as well as times of recession. This has resulted in the static holiday caravan park becoming a significant aspect of British domestic holiday making.


We propose a pragmatic labeling design based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart for bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding on multiple-input-multiple-output channels. In our design, the EXIT chart is used to determine a candidate set of labelings which have representative demapper transfer curves. Then, a procedure to generate these labelings is provided based on the genetic algorithm. Given fixed channel code and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we can search within this candidate set for a most-suitable labeling to minimize the bit-error-rate (BER) with low complexity. Simulation results show that the labeling chosen from the candidate set exhibits a controllable BER performance gap compared to the optimal labeling found through exhaustive search. Besides, even though the channel code or the SNR is changed, the same candidate set can still be directly adopted to reduce the time on re-searching a new labeling.


Abstract We show that whenever δ > 0 and constants λi satisfy some necessary conditions, there are infinitely many prime triples p1, p2, p3 satisfying the inequality |λ0 + λ1p1 + λ2p2 + λ3p3| < (max pj)−2/9+δ. The proof uses Davenport–Heilbronn adaption of the circle method together with a vector sieve method.


Insights into the monopolization of violence developed by Norbert Elias in The Civilizinq Process are applied to human history at large. It is argued that organized violence tends to entail the paradox of pacification because, in order to be effective, it generally requires a high degree of internal pacification. Two sorts of pacification processes are distinguished: recurrent short-term 'peace making' such as also occurs among chimpanzees, and-long term 'pacification' at an increasingly larger scale. The latter process, which is uniquely human, is shown to be related to stages in the monopolization of organized violence: successively by adult males, warrior elites, and states.


Numerous indices derived from hydroclimatic data were designed to quantify agricultural, hydrological and meteorological droughts. In this study, we taken into account Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) for the identifi cation and the assessment of drought events based on total annual rainfalls over Tokat province. The SPI values belonging to each rainfall station showed that the region experienced extreme wet and severe drought for observation years. Tokat province selected as the study area was grouped two hydrological homogeneous region using L-moment approach to analyze regional drought. Generalized Extreme Values (GEV), 3-parameter Log Normal (LN3) and Pearson Type III (PE3) for fi rst region and Generalized Logistic (GLO) for second region were selected as the regional distributions. The RAI was used whether there is existence of linear trend in the observed data in term of drought. But, the RAI values concerning with two region showed that there was no trend.


MT 1-1 Deep brain stimulation use beyond Parkinson's disease P. Krack Neurology, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, France Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an accepted treatment for motor symptoms in advanced stage Parkinson's disease (PD). From recent clinical observations in PD patients treated with DBS one can conclude that the STN plays a role not only in the control of movement but also in motivational, cognitive and emotional aspects of behaviour. STN DBS improves hyperdopaminergic behaviours mainly by allowing reduction of dopaminergic treatment, thus psychiatric complications of drug treatment are becoming a new indication in addition to the motor complications. Stereotaxy is known as a revival starting with Parkinson's disease, a neuropsychiatric illness related to basal ganglia dysfunction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), which allows for reversible focal neuromodulation of altered brain circuits, is now entering the field of psychiatry. The emerging indications of DBS are Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, depression and addiction. The multiple brain targets for DBS along limbic and associative cortico-basalganglia thalamocortical loops may help to conceptualize these neuropsychiatric disorders as being related to basal ganglia dysfunction. MT 1-2 Parkinson's disease beyond 10 years J.J. Ferreira Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon School of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal


The purpose of this study has been to clarify to what extent arthrography may contribute to an elucidation of the normal roentgenologic anatomy and the different pathologic conditions of the knee joint in children. It was regarded particularly important to find answers to the following questions: 1. What arthrographic method may be considered suitable for children, what complications have occurred and how may these be reduced. 2. What is the normal roentgenologic anatomy of the knee joint in children. 3. What degree of diagnostic accuracy can be obtained by arthrography in regard to injuries and pathologic conditions in the knee joint in children, and to what extent does the primary clinical diagnosis agree with the arthrographic diagnosis. 4. Can a computer be considered a potential aid in the diagnosis of pathologic conditions of the knee joint.


Abstract : The journal bearings of marine diesel engine are affected by dynamic loads from the cylinder gas pressure and the inertia force from the crank mechanism. Oil film must support the load of the shaft and it also must protect the journal and the bearings from damage. This study uses Goenka's new curve fit to carry out the theoretical analysis of oil film in journal bearings for MAN B&W 12K90MC-C and Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd HiMSEN H21/32 Engine. The applied engine's analysis results show the behavior of the journals in main and crank pin bearings. The results of this study will be the proper criteria for the journal bearings design and be available for development of the new technology in the journal bearing and for the high strength lining coating.


Rapid urbanization, population growth and mechanical migration for industrial development cause a serious shortage of social housing. The government needs to have appropriate policies to develop social housing to ensure sustainable development. Research objectives Identify the elements of social housing development policy in Vietnam. Quantitative research method using SPSS 22.0. Research results Find out the elements of social housing development policy in Vietnam including Planning Orientation, Investment Policy, Land Policy, Financial and Tax Policy and Administrative Reform and manage. Governance implications Synchronous policy among governing bodies. amend the overlapping and conflicting regulations.


Background and Aim: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an ELISA test for anti‐gliadin IgA and IgG antibodies, which uses synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides (anti‐gliadin antibodies, AGAs) as coating; the results were compared with a test that uses extracted gliadin (AGAe).


Proper application of the FAIR data principles is what separates a vibrant data ecosystem, in which research data are frequently shared and reused, from a lifeless data graveyard. Automated metadata extraction systems have been proposed as a means of bolstering the findability, interoperability, and reusability of data repositories with little or no human intervention. These extraction systems mine metadata by crawling a repository and applying lightweight extractors that, for various types of file (e.g., image, CSV file), extract or synthesize relevant attributes. In practice, however, the automated creation of generally useful metadata is fraught with challenges. Data consumers may have different perspectives as to what metadata representations are useful, the standards for recording metadata tend to change over time, and the software model for processing updates can introduce unnecessary human and computational effort. Thus, generalizing extraction for a broad audience of data consumers is a difficult and relatively unsolved problem. In this work, we explore these challenges faced by extraction systems in the context of constructing our own extraction system for science data. We first define the metadata extraction problem and provide context to the issues faced in generalizing metadata. Additionally, we identify potential research directions to help alleviate many of these challenges for all automated extraction systems. Ultimately, this work represents a first step in designing Ubiquitous metadata extraction systems that can maximize the value of research data while minimizing the human efforts required in doing so.


Abstract Inthisstudy, drysliding and abrasive wear behaviour ofAl-70 vol.-%Al2O3particulate composite alloyed with Mg was examined. The composites were produced by a pressure infiltration casting technique. The composition of the matrix varied between 0 and 8 wt-%Mg, and the diameter of the Al2O3 particulates was 60 μm. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out on an unlubricated M2 quality high speed tool steel disc by a pin on disc type wear tester. Abrasive wear tests were run by rubbing the composites on abrasive Al2O3 grains. The results of the wear tests revealed that, both dry sliding and abrasive wear resistance ofthe composites increased with increasing Mg content in the matrix.


The impact of mass loss from the Greenland Ice sheet (GrIS) on the 20th Century sea level rise (SLR) has long been subject to immense discussions. While globally distributed tide gauges suggest SLR of 15-20 cm computing the input constituents is of great concern - in particular for modeling sea level projections into the 21st Century. Estimates of the GrIS contribution to SLR have been derived using a number of different approaches, e.g. surface mass balance (SMB) calculations combined with estimates of ice discharge founded in correlating SMB anomalies and calving rates. Here, we show a novel geometric approach to determine the post-Little Ice Age (LIA) mass loss of the southern GrIS. We present mass balance estimates of the GrIS south of 71N since retreat commence from the maximum extent of the LIA to 2010. The mass loss estimates are derived for three intervals, LIAmax (1900) - 1981/85 (1),


One hundred forty three proven Polish Black-and-White bulls were genotyped for 6 polymorphic sites located within 4 milk protein genes (LGB-R promoter, LGB exon IV, CASK-R promoter, CASK exon IV, LALBA 5' flanking region and CSN1S1 promoter). A l l bulls were divided into groups, including animals with the same genotypes, intragenic haplotypes and combinations of genotypes. For each group, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for Type Production Index (TPI) and Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA) (milk kg, protein kg, protein %, fat kg, fat %) were calculated. These data were then used for analysis of variance to find possible associations between identified polymorphic sites and TPI and PTA values. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found within different genotypes of CASK, LGB, LALBA, intragenic haplotypes CASK/CASK-R, combinations of genotypes CASK/LALBA, CASK/LGB, LGB/LALBA, CASK/LGB/LALBA and TPI. Within these groups, the highest TPI value was found for bulls carrying the following genotypes: CASK/ LGB/LALBA AA/AA/PM, CASK/LGB AA/AA, CASK/CASK-R A A / M M , LGB/LALBA AA/ M M , LGB AA, CASK/LALBA A A / M M and LALBA M M . Also, associations between genotypes and combinations of genotypes and PTA for protein kg, fat kg, fat % , protein % and milk kg were found.


The results of substantiating the necessary set of precision farming system components for their effective use in farms of various categories of the northern region of Kazakhstan are presented. It has been established that the use of up-to-date systems of machines equipped with precision farming system components at farms of various categories can increase productivity 1.7-2.3 times in comparison with the existing fleet of agricultural machinery.


Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other's thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.


The following paper introduces the background and meaning of the occurrence of project construction cost control,and proposes measures to strengthen cost control in the whole process of construction project as in investment decision stage,design stage,bidding stage,construction stage and completion stage,in order to furthest increase investment results of construction funds.


In this work is given knowledge, both market research, but also in market, at small and medium firm off the food market. In this project we defined the notion of IMM and different forms of IMM, because there would not be IMM for the market enterprise, and implicitly with the company's market there would be market research.


The influence of interaction between two surface cracks on the limit load (LL) was examined by finitie element analysis. The cicumferential surface cracks were assumed to be on the straight pipe that was subjected to uniform tensile load. Change in the LL due to relative spacing of cracks, crack and pipe geometries were evaluated. The LL was equivalent to coalesced crack when the cracks were on the same plane or their offset and horizonatal distance were the same, although the LL decreased as the offset distance increased in the other cases. The magnitude of the interaction was large compared with that of the stress intensity factor and J-integral value under the same relative spacing. Based on the analysis results, assessment criteria for evaluating the influence of the interaction was discussed.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Drama and opera are the essences of Chinese and western traditional culture,the comparative essentials between the two is the multiple contemplations on Chinese and western culture from consciousness,idea,shapes and so on.This article frames the comparison between the two kinds of art from historical origin,creation and performance shape,structural style and method,regional culture shape.