The geometric parameters of the elastic foil bearing are important basis for designing the foil bearing. Whether the main shape indices of the pressed foils meet the design requirements is the key to evaluate a manufacturing method. The inconsistent curvature radii of the top foils, the inconsistent bump heights of the bumps on the bump foil, the roundness error of the top foil, and the curve profile error of the bump foil may cause the pre-tightening assembly difference and different bearing capacity of each bearing shell. Aiming at the shape error evaluations of the foils for a multi-leaf foil bearing, first, the algorithm of geometric area optimization for circle roundness error is introduced and an evaluation method of arc roundness error is put forward according to the minimum zone principle in this paper. This method can be used to calculate the roundness error of the top foil for a multi-leaf foil bearing. The results show that the corresponding roundness error of the top foil decreases with the increasing of the pressing pressure. The relative roundness error is small (less than 7%), which changes a little with different pressing pressures. For the measurement of a bottom bump foil, the method of matching feature points is used in pre-location and then fine-positioning for the measured curve is implemented based on the least square method in order to eliminate the position error between the measured curve and the design curve. Thus, the curve profile error evaluation of the bottom bump foil for a multi-leaf foil bearing is implemented and the profile error of each bump can be obtained. According to the shape error evaluation values of the top foil and the bump foil, the quality control strategy and the error compensation by improving the mold structure can be further researched.


The debate concerning the respective effectiveness of professional and nonprofessional counsellors is particularly relevant for the demands facing South African mental health care. It is argued that despite existing contention the performance of nonprofessionals is impressive. On this basis, and on the basis of demands facing South African mental health care, the accelerated integration of nonprofessionals into mental health structures is advocated. Finally, the conceptual aspects of the research and debate concerning outcome effectiveness of professionals and nonprofessionals are examined, and radical reformulation of such is advocated. While this argument may appear to undermine the credibility of recommendations based on existent research, the urgency facing South African mental health care structures precludes the suspension of action until such reformulation is forthcoming.


The current study examined the relationship between home visiting nurses' job stress and error incidents to provide a better understanding of risk management for home visiting nursing services. Home visiting nurses often perform patient care alone, under great mental and physical stress, increasing the risk of human error when executing tasks. A mail survey was distributed to 437 home visiting nurses working at agencies in 71 locations in Japan. The questionnaires were anonymously completed and included items on career history, experiences of job stress, and experiences of incidents. Answers were collected from 230 participants. After eliminating incomplete responses, 146 questionnaires were included in the analyses. Participants' average age was 48.5 ± 9.3 years, and they had an average of 7.2 ± 5.6 years of experience in home visiting nursing services. In total, 21 (14.4%) were administrators, and 125 (85.6%) were staff nurses. Administrators experienced more no-harm incidents in which an error occurred but did not result in client injury than did staff nurses (p < .05) and scored higher on three items of job stress (quantitative overload, fit to the job, and supervisor support) (p < .05). Harmful incidents were positively associated with quantitative overload (p < .05) and work environment (p < .01). These results suggest that there is a limit to the extent to which an administrator can offer safe care. A less stressful working environment and active information exchange rooted in a culture of medical safety should reduce the number of incidents.


Hypothesizing is a way of logic tlinking in scientific researches·In accounting theoretical researches,settingan accounting hypothesis is employed to make up an ideal model for accounting researches,thus providing a guaranteefor the attainment of accounting objects·Making accounting hypotheses is a continuation and developinent of account-ing objects,and also a prerequisite for accounting principle,accounting factor,accounting method,accounting practice,accounting check and so on·Therefore,making accounting hypotheses serves as a connecting link between the preced-ing and the following in an accounting theoretical system·


This paper is devoted to the existence and the uniqueness of the entropy solution for a general scalar conservation law associated with a forced bilateral obstacle condition in a bounded domain of ℝp, p≥1. The method of penalization is used with a view to obtaining an existence result. However, the former only gives uniform L∞-estimates and so leads in fact to look for an Entropy Measure-Valued Solution, according to the specific properties of bounded sequences in L∞. The uniquess of this EMVS is proved. Classically, it first ensures the existence of a bounded and measurable function U entropy solution and then the strong convergence in Lq of approximate solutions of U.


Objective To analyze the clinical applicative value of treating ectopic pregnancy with laparoscopy.Methods The clinical datas of 125 cases ectopic pregnancy were treated by operational laparoscopy.Extruding gestational sac(GS) in fimbria,taking embryo with opening fallopian tube,salpingectomy with using laparosope,and comparing with abdominal salpingectomy.Results The mean operating time was (93.3±10.6)min,the mean duration of hospitalization after operating was (4.3±1.0)d,laparosopic surgery had an obvious difference with abdominal salpingectomy(P0.01),the intra-operative blood loss was 0~80ml,4 cases were persistent ectopic pregnancy.Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery has a little trauma and hemorrhage,and a short-term length of hospital stay in treating ectopic pregnancy.


Surface mining is the most prevalent form of coal extraction in North America. Reclamation aims to transform former surface mines into self‐sustaining ecosystems that support uses similar to predevelopment conditions. Success of reclamation often is determined by assessing the re‐establishment of landscape structure and vegetation communities. However, there is increasing interest in evaluating reclamation success in the context of higher trophic levels. We evaluated response to mining and reclamation by sympatric bighorn sheep (Ovis canadanesis), elk (Cervus elaphus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) on reclaimed coal mines in west‐central Alberta. We used direct ground counts on a fixed survey route to obtain data on abundance and distribution of ungulates during 2004 to 2017. We created a grid of 200 × 200 m grid cells and assigned each group of ungulates to a grid cell. We assigned landscape and topographic features to these grid cells to represent changes due to mining and reclamation. We estimated resource selection functions for bighorn sheep, elk, and mule deer showing how their use of reclaimed features and landscapes increased access to quality forage and decreased predation risk. Ungulates also responded to mining and reclamation in ways that we did not anticipate, e.g. sheep and elk often selected areas near haul roads. Understanding spatial relationships between reclamation prescriptions and higher trophic levels is important when designing "bottom up" reclamation to restore ecological functions including recruitment of wildlife.


The carbon nanofiber composite containing Cu and MnO was fabricated by electrospinning method. The precursor solution was prepared by mixing Cupric Acetate Monohydrate, Manganous acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and polyacrylonitrile in a certain proportion. Then the material of Cu-MnO/CNF with higher capacitance was prepared by electrostatic spinning at 15 kV and high temperature heat treatment. The Cu-MnO/CNF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). It's clear from the results that, carbon nanofiber had overlaped by metal oxides and metals, at the same time, the Cu(OAc) 2 was converted to Cu and the MnACAC was turned into MnO after thermal treatment. Through a series of electrochemical tests, it showed the Cu-MnO/CNF has excellent electrochemical performance and indicated its potential advantages for supercapacitors. The results indicated the specific capacitance of the Cu-MnO/CNF displayed a larger specific capacitance of 581 F/g than the electrical capacity of Cu-CuO/CNF and MnO-Mn(OH) 2 /CNF.


In the year 1908, J. Plemelj [8] published an ingenious solution of the very difficult Hubert problem for systems of analytic functions. His proof, which utilizes the theory of Fredholm integral equations, may also be found in the appendix of Muskhelishvili's monograph on singular integral equations [7]. Since Plemelj's solution of this important problem is of a fairly complicated nature, we feel that, in the light of recent advances in the theory of elliptic partial differential equations [ l ; 3; 9; 10] and linear analysis [4; 5] , it is worthwhile to present a new proof which, while it is perhaps technically complicated, is conceptually much simpler than that given by Plemelj. Our approach, which is based on a continuity method, will be outlined in this note. We shall in fact discuss a general class of transmission problems, which includes the Hubert problem mentioned above. Detailed proofs will be presented in another publication.


The performances of the AGCMs participating the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC are analyzed in Asian monsoon precipitation simulations to assess the mean performance of contemporary AGCMs as well as that of GAMIL(the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG-GAMIL)relative to previous assessment.The MMEA is based on the equal-weighted average of each model.It indicates that the performance of climatological precipitation simulation in winter is better than that in summer.No obvious improvements are found in simulations of summer Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean precipitation.Some of the AGCMs can simulate the Meiyu rain band from Eastern China Sea to mid Pacific of Eastern Asian Subtropical area well,but most can not.It is also shown that GAMIL has a similar performance with MMEA except a little weaker intensity simulation in winter Indian Ocean and summer Western Pacific Ocean.The error in precipitation simulation corresponds to that in circulation simulation.Moreover,the performances of precipitation simulation in interannual variability and during the period of the monsoon onset and retreat are evaluated.It is found that MMEA has better correlation coefficients with observation in Eastern Asian Tropical monsoon area and Eastern Asian Subtropical monsoon area than that in India monsoon area.Models generally have better correlation coefficients with observation in winter than that in summer,and the best in winter Eastern Asian Tropical monsoon area while the worst in summer Indian monsoon area.The standard deviation of MMEA is not always better than that of each single model.For each model,the area-averaged same sign ratio(with observation)and the percent of precipitation anomaly is the best in winter Eastern Asian Tropical monsoon area.The performances of monsoon precipitation during the period of monsoon onset and retreat need to be improved.


On recent audio equipment, a wide dynamic range of nearly 100 dB is achieved by using 16 bit linear quantization. But quantization noise is still detectable, because relatively few bits are used to represent low-level signals. When the signal is quantized directly, the quantization noise consists of harmonics of the source frequency. This quantization noise is detectable at 55 dB for a pure tone and at just about 40 dB for complex and modulated tones, if we assume that the maximum reproduction level is 120 dB. This harmonic distortion can usually be reduced by adding dither at quantization. When dither is added, the quantization noise becomes white noise and spreads over the entire frequency range. Experimental results indicate that at frequencies lower than 2 kHz, the detection level of quantization noise is raised by several dB when dither is introduced. But at about 4 kHz, the detection level falls because of the dither; in this case, the white noise induced by the dither seems to function as a detection cue.


Enthalpies of dilution of N-acetyl amides of glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine and L-proline, as well as the N-acetyl-N′-methyl acids of the above amino acids dissolved in N-methylformamide (NMF) have been measured calorimetrically at 298.15 K. The results were used to calculate enthalpic pair interaction coefficients Bh2, which are a measure of the enthalpy of interaction between two solute molecules.The Bh2 coefficients of the above peptides are compared with those in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methylacetamide (NMA). The possible role of these solvents to be used as model environments for the inner parts of globular proteins is discussed. With regard to the latter, all three amidic solvents appear to be equally suitable, although DMF seems to be slightly more favourable than the other two. Finally, the Bh2 coefficients obtained here have been combined with previously reported ones and analysed in terms of the excess group additivity model. By taking into account the intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation of the peptides the predictive power of this model is enhanced.


We investigated an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis involving at least 19 British tourists returning from one hotel in another European country. A retrospective cohort study of 47 hotel guests identified lasagne as the most likely vehicle of transmission (RR 11·5; 95% CI 3·0–44·1; P<0·0001). However, difficulties in information exchange and lack of formal mechanisms to agree on the aims of the cross-national investigation hampered efficient management of the outbreak. The factors leading to contamination of the food vehicle were not identified and therefore specific action to prevent reoccurrence could not be taken. There is need to develop protocols for cross-national investigations of outbreaks in Europe which should include specifying objectives, roles and responsibilities of investigators and control agencies, with formal reporting of the outcome of the investigation.


AbstractWe determined that the average gastrointestinal tract length of 8–11-month-old Gulf of Mexico Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, a subspecies of Atlantic Sturgeon A. oxyrinchus, was approximately 82% of its fork length. The time required for digesta to pass through the digestive tract was approximately 32 h. Defecation was initiated between 8 and 16 h after feeding. The main site for digestion and absorption of energy, dry matter, and crude protein was the spiral valve region of the intestine, as determined by apparent digestibility coefficients. By the time digesta had reached the lower spiral valve most of the energy, dry matter, and crude protein had been absorbed. Morphological examination of the intestine, including the spiral valve region, revealed a highly developed mucosal surface area, which is essential for efficient nutrient digestion and absorption during the extended period required for the digesta to move through the digestive tract.Received November 19, 2014; accepted January 25...


In this paper we address the general question of what is the best strategy to search efficiently for randomly located objects (target sites). We propose a new agent based algorithm for searching in an unpredictable environment. The originality of our work consists in applying a non-cooperative strategy, namely the distributed Goore Game model, as opposed to applying the classical collaborative and competitive strategies, or individual strategies. This paper covers only the non-destructive search that occurs when the agent visits the same target many times. The nondestructive search can be performed in either of the two cases: if the target becomes temporarily inactive or if it leaves the area. The proposed algorithm has two versions: one when the agent can move with a step equal to unity and the other when the step of the agent follows a Levy flight distribution. The latter version is inspired by the work of A.M. Reynolds, motivated by biological examples.


A major revival in Marxian studies is currently underway in France. This can be seen firstly with the translation of Marx's classic works as part of the GEME, including A Contribution to The Critique of Political Economy from 1859, and the publication of texts revised in the light of philological discoveries, such as The German Ideology. One key issue is the re-emergence of the much-debated question of the philosophy of Marx, or of philosophy according to Marx, or after Marx. This has led to a revival of the major debate previously held on this issue in France during the 1960s and 1970s, with the simultaneous issue of two previously unpublished texts by Louis Althusser, originally intended as an introduction to Marxist philosophy, and publication by Althusser's opponent in that debate, Lucien Seve, of his truly monumental ideological treatise entitled Et la philosophie? These studies by canonical Marx scholars have been accompanied by contributions from a new generation of researchers, notably Emmanuel Renault and Franck Fischbach. Stepping back from the limiting frameworks of historical and dialectical materialism, their work presents an inventory of the various options available and thus defines the terms of a new approach, whether through a reading of the plurality of interpretations with a pragmatist bent (Renault), or by reformulating Marx's ideas and categories in terms of a new social philosophy (Fischbach). Evidence of the revival can also be found in the renewed interest in Marx's politics (in a collective work edited by Isabelle Garo and Jean-Numa Ducange).


In humid areas, biocrusts cover topsoils of inland dunes and influence soil characteristics, which, in turn, may affect the hydrophobicity of soils. The hydrophobicity of topsoils typically increases with increasing organic matter content. In addition, the soil organic matter quality, for example, described by the ratio of its hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups, also influences hydrophobicity. Because biocrust development goes along with an increase in the organic matter content and a shift in microbial community composition, the chemical character of soil organic matter likely changes over time, which, in turn, affects the hydrophobicity of the crusts. We hypothesize that the hydrophobicity of biocrusts increases during succession because of increasing amounts and aliphatic character of organic matter. We compared organic matter contents and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of cyanobacterial biocrusts and moss‐dominated biocrusts at two European inland dunes. The organic carbon content as well as the hydrophobicity increased during crust development at both sites. Older moss‐dominated biocrusts showed the highest hydrophobicity and the highest organic carbon content. Moreover, at one study site, the hydrophobicity of the biocrusts did increase with decreasing ratio between hydrophilic and hydrophobic (i.e., aliphatic) moieties of soil organic matter. At the second study site, this effect was only visible for the moss‐dominated biocrust. We conclude that biocrust development and organic matter accumulation go ahead with changes in the organic matter composition and induce increased hydrophobicity with a strong impact on water redistribution in inland dune ecosystems. This knowledge will help to improve nature protection strategies in rare ecosystems.


References Abrams, M.D., D.G. Sprugel and D.I. Dickmann. 1985. Multiple successional pathways on recently disturbed jack pine sites in Michigan. Forest Ecology and Management 10:31–48. Albert, D.A. 1995. Regional landscape ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: A working map and classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-178. St. Paul, MN: USDA, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN. nrs.fs.fed.us/ pubs/242 (Version 03JUN1998). Campbell, M.H. and D.W. Burbidge. 1993. The biology of tussock sedge (Carex appressa) and its control in unploughed land. Pages 125–129 in B.J. Wilson and J.T. Swarbrick (eds), Proceedings of the 10th Australian Weeds Conference and 14th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference; September 6–10, 1993; Brisbane, Australia. Chapman, K.A. 1984. An ecological investigation of native grassland in southern Lower Michigan. MS. Thesis. Kalamazoo, MI: Western Michigan University. Cohen, J.G., M.A. Kost, B.S. Slaughter and D.A. Albert. 2015. A Field Guide to the Natural Communities of Michigan. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. Dytham, C. 2003. Choosing and Using Statistics: A Biologists Guide, 2nd ed. Oxford UK:Blackwell Science. Hauser, R.S. 1953. An ecological analysis of the isolated prairies of Newaygo County, Michigan. Ph.D. Dissertation. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State College. Kost, M.A. 2004. Natural community abstract for dry sand prairie. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. Nielsen, S., C. Kirschbaum, and A. Haney. 2003. Restoration of midwest oak barrens: Structural manipulation or process only? Conservation Ecology 7:10. Ristau, T.E. 2010. Herbaceous layer vegetation recovery following site preparation with herbicides in northern hardwood forests. Ph.D. dissertation. Syracuse, New York: State University of New York. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Determination of endangered status for the Karner blue butterfly. Final Rule. FederalRegister 57(240): 59236–59244.


The independence polynomial i(G, x) of a graph G is the generating function of the numbers of independent sets of each size. A graph of order n is very well-covered if every maximal independent set has size n/2. Levit and Mandrescu conjectured that the independence polynomial of every very well-covered graph is unimodal (that is, the sequence of coefficients is nondecreasing, then nonincreasing). In this article we show that every graph is embeddable as an induced subgraph of a very well-covered graph whose independence polynomial is unimodal, by considering the location of the roots of such polynomials.


And (57) Abstract: a flexible material having at least one direction aligned slit-shaped outlet (5) film member (2), surrounds the periphery of the membrane member, is connected to the membrane member the base member (1) and the slit-shaped closure valve for such container opening comprising a. Outlet is retained in closed position by the elasticity of the material, it is designed to be moved to the open position against the predetermined positive pressure differential applied to one side of the membrane member to the elastic biasing force of the material. The peripheral wall portion of the base member (1) (6) and the film adjacent wall portion of the member and (3), includes an acute angle α of less than 90 ° between them. At least one further substantially circumferentially aligned the slit-like passage is held in the closed position by the elasticity of the material (8) is provided in the membrane wall portion of the base member near the passageway, It is designed to be moved into its non-closing position by the negative pressure differential applied to the membrane member from the side which receives said predetermined positive pressure differential. Thus, the valve can be to balance the pressure between the interior and the surrounding container, thereby helping to restore the vessel after the wall of the container is pushed by hand in order to give the contents of the container ing.


Adults of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), moved downward after being placed at the top of 125- or 250-cm-high columns of wheat at 13 or 13.4% moisture content. From the first to the third day, most beetles were near the top of the column, but after 3 days most were found near the bottom. The number near the bottom increased over time. Beetle distribution in columns stabilized between the third and fifth day. Conversely, from 80 to 92% of the beetles aggregated at the top or middle zones of the column when wheat of 16 to 17% moisture content was placed only in these zones. Beetle distribution in the moist zones became stable within 3 days.


Fruit classification is playing a vital role in robot-based farming. The plucking of fruits and packing is done using robots nowadays. This could only be possible using efficiently trained robots base on machine learning. Different techniques have been developed for fruit classification, but still, there are many gaps, i.e., efficiency and accuracy. In this research work, we are targeting classification accuracy. This paper presented an Automatic Fruit Detection tool with good precision and recalled using deep learning neural networks. It will help in farming, cultivation, and produce sound effects in robotic farming. The aim is to build an accurate, fast and reliable fruit detection system, a vital element of an autonomous agricultural robotic platform; it is a crucial element for fruit yield estimation and automated harvesting. We used the ResNet-50 in the context of transfer learning. Different training choices were defined, i.e., 10% to 80%. Experimental results show that we compete for the prior approaches even on only 10% training. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results compared to prior work with the F1 Score, which considers both precision and recall performances improving from 0.838 to 0.894 and 0.995 of accuracy. In addition to improved accuracy, this approach is also much quicker as compared to recent approaches.


In this paper, we propose a mobile document viewer which is executable on a variety of mobile platforms. The proposed viewer is designed with file decoding engine and independent module which are adopted with os independent. The proposed viewer can be used as a basis of document editing tool by analyzing the characteristics of the document file.


With the wide application of keyphrases in many Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, automatic keyphrase prediction has been emerging. However, these statistically important phrases are contributing increasingly less to the related tasks because the end‐to‐end learning mechanism enables models to learn the important semantic information of the text directly. Similarly, keyphrases are of little help for readers to quickly grasp the paper's main idea because the relationship between the keyphrase and the paper is not explicit to readers. Therefore, we propose to generate keyphrases with specific functions for readers to bridge the semantic gap between them and the information producers, and verify the effectiveness of the keyphrase function for assisting users' comprehension with a user experiment. A controllable keyphrase generation framework (the CKPG) that uses the keyphrase function as a control code to generate categorized keyphrases is proposed and implemented based on Transformer, BART, and T5, respectively. For the Computer Science domain, the Macro‐avgs of P@5 , R@5 , and F1@5 on the Paper with Code dataset are up to 0.680, 0.535, and 0.558, respectively. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the CKPG models.


By taking compressed sensing and sparse representation as theoretical bases,a sparse regularization image inpainting model based on shear wave transform is proposed to reserve the structure characteristics of an image.The model uses shear wave as sparse representation and sparse as a regularization item.Meanwhile,based on variable splitting method,it uses augmented Lagrange method to solve the optimization model.Furthermore,it reduces the complexity of the calculation through alternating direction method of multipliers.The availability of the algorithm is verified by Peak Signal to Noise Radio(PSNR),Structural Similarity Index(SSIM),convergence speed and visual effect.The results indicate that the image inpainting quality by proposed algorithm is better than that by other algorithms,and more optimal PSNR and SSIM can be obtained.The new model has more better performance whether for objective or for visual passitive,moreover,it shows a far quicker convergence rate.It concludes that the algorithm can inpaint images effectively and obtain a better visual effect.


LSE President and Director Craig Calhoun reflects on the long tradition of close mutual relations between South Asia and the LSE, and looks forward to building new bridges through the LSE South Asia Centre which launches today.


In a severe accident special pressure relief valves in the primary circuit of German Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) will transfer a high pressure accident into a low pressure scenario. However, there may be a time window during late in-vessel reflooding scenarios where the pressure is in the order of 1 or 2 MPa at the moment of the reactor vessel rupture. A failure in the bottom head of the reactor pressure vessel, followed by melt expulsion and blowdown of the reactor cooling system, might disperse molten core debris out of the reactor pit, even at such low pressures. The mechanisms of efficient debris-to-gas heat transfer, exothermic metal/oxygen reactions, and hydrogen combustion may cause a rapid increase in pressure and temperature in the reactor containment. Integral experiments are necessary to furnish data for modeling these processes in computer codes, that will be used to apply these result to the reactor case. The acquired knowledge can lead to realize additional safety margins for existing or future plants. The test facility DISCO-C (Dlspersion of Simulant COrium - Cold) models the annular reactor cavity and the subcompartments of a large European reactor in a scale 1:18. The fluid dynamics of the dispersion process was studied using model fluids, water or bismuth alloy instead of corium, and nitrogen or helium instead of steam. The effects of different breach sizes and locations, and different failure pressures on the dispersion were studied, specifically by testing central holes, lateral holes, horizontal rips, and complete ripping of the bottom head. 22 experiments were performed in a basic cavity geometry with holes at the bottom of the lower head to study the similarity relations. Variables were the hole diameter, the initial pressure in the RPV and the fluids used. The only flow path out of the reactor pit was the annular gap between the inner wall of the reactor pit and the RPV, and then along the main coolant lines into the subcompartments. Dispersal rates between 0% with small holes (0.3 m scaled) and low pressure (0.3 MPa) and 78% with large holes (0.9 m) and higher pressures (> 1 MPa) were observed. A certain amount of liquid (approximately 25% of 0.0034 m 3 ) is trapped in the space near the RPV support structure, independent of the initial conditions. The dispersed fractions are lower with metal than with water, but still high. The results concerning the dispersed fractions could be correlated by the Kutateladze number Ku = ρ G u G2 /(ρ L g σ) 1/2 , with u G , the maximum gas velocity in the annular space around the RPV, for all hole sizes, both driving gases, nitrogen and helium, and both liquids, water and Bi-alloy, with f d = 0.4 log10(Ku) < 0.76. The Kutateladze number represents the conditions to levitate droplets against gravity. No sharp threshold velocity or pressure could be found, below which no dispersion occurred. From the similarity correlations we can deduce that the results from the liquid metal tests represent the lower bound for the dispersed melt fractions in the reactor case. In a second test series the effect of the position and the shape of the breach in the lower head was investigated. Four different opening were studied: two different hole sizes at an angle of 45 degrees, one horizontal slot, and the unzipping and tilting of the lower head. With lateral breaches the liquid height in the lower head relative to the upper and lower edge of the breach is an additional parameter for the dispersion process. In most cases not all the liquid is discharged out of the RPV. If the initial liquid level is above the upper edge, the blowdown starts with the single-phase liquid discharge, driven by the pressure difference between vessel and cavity, as for central holes. However, the gas blowthrough occurs earlier than with central holes. In the subsequent stage the liquid is carried out of the lower head by entrainment. The gas velocity, the density ratio of gas and liquid, the surface area of the liquid pool, and the duration of the blowdown govern this entrainment process.


The broad territory of Astrakhan on the Volga, including the central part of the Astrakhan Region and the Kalmyk ASSR, is located geologically in the southeast part of the Russian platform and the northeast end of the Cis-Caucasus platform. The present structural plan of this territory is characterized by a complexity governed by its occurrence at the junction of two large tectonic elements - the Russian and Cis-Caucasus (epi-Hercynian) platforms. To the Russian platform with a Precambrian basement is referred the Caspian synclize with salt tectonics. To the north part of the Cis-Caucasus platform with an upper Paleozoic basement is assigned the buried Donets basin and its eastern continuation into the basin of the northern Caspian (Karpinskiy swell). The junction of these platforms, according to seismic refraction and drilling data, is a suture with considerable overthrust of the Paleozoic metasediments of the basement of the north part of the Cis-Caucasus platform onto the Permo-Triassic rocks of the Caspian synclize. The thrust is traced from Kotel'nikovo on the west to Astrakhan on the east. See Fig. 1. It is possible that the junction of the platforms consists of a series of thrusts that form a zone within which low amplitude local uplifts formed subsequently in the Mesozoic sediments. geological


Herkogamy, the spatial separation of sexual organs within flowers, has long been thought to be a floral adaptation of reducing self pollination in hermaphrodites. Herkogamy of mirror-image flowers in the Asian endemic Hiptage benghalensis (Malpighiaceae) varies greatly between populations on Hainan Island (smaller than 4 mm) and Guizhou Province (larger than 10 mm). Such divergence in herkogamy could be adaptive to pollinator body size, which relates to pollen placement and stigma contact position. Recipient selection between local pollinators and plants may facilitate pollinator assembly in isolated populations, even forming pollination ecotypes. Pollinators were investigated in six geographic populations of H. benghalensis to study whether variations in herkogamy correspond to pollinator size. Molecular markers with nuclear ITS 1/4, chloroplast ycf1b and rbcL were also used to detect genetic differentiation between populations with large or small herkogamy. Our data showed small herkogamy in two populations from Hainan Island and one population from Xishuangbanna (southern Yunnan Province) as they were pollinated by small bees including Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera, with an abdomen width varying from 2 to 4 mm. Two populations from Guizhou Province and one population from Southeast Yunnan with larger herkogamy were pollinated by •研究报告• 第 12 期 钱贞娜等: 风筝果镜像花的雌雄异位变化及传粉生态型的形成 1365 carpenter bees Xylocopa nasalis and bumble bees (Bombus sp.), with an obvious larger body size with a mean abdomen width of 11 mm. The style length (F = 12.5, P < 0.05) was also significantly different between large versus small herkogamous populations. Genetic data based on nuclear (ITS 1/4) and chloroplast (rbcL and ycf1) DNA also supported the differentiation between small and large herkogamous populations. These results indicated associations between flower and pollinator size, suggesting pollination ecotypes in H. benghalensis. This study indicated that the pollination ecotype in mirror-image flowers was associated with variations in herkogamy.


Machine learning algorithms, both traditional and neuralnetwork-based, have been tested against RGB facial images for years, but these algorithms are prone to fail when illumination conditions are insufficient, for example, at night or when images are taken from long distances. Short-Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) illumination provides a much higher intensity and a much more ambient structure than visible light, which makes it better suited for face recognition in different conditions. However, current neural networks require lots of training data, which is not available in the SWIR domain. In this paper, we examine the ability of a convolutional neural network, specifically, the VGG Face network, which was trained on visible spectrum images, to work on SWIR images. Utilizing a dataset containing both RGB and SWIR images, we hypothesize that the VGG Face network will perform well both on facial images taken in RGB and SWIR wavelengths. We expect that the features extracted with VGG Face are independent of the actual wavelengths that the images were taken with. Thus, face recognition with VGG Face is possible between the RGB and SWIR domains. We find that VGG Face performs reasonable on some of the SWIR wavelengths. We can almost reach the same recognition performance when using composite images built from three SWIR wavelengths probing on RGB.


The aim of the study is to analyse the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Internet Addiction among young adults ranging from 15 to 25 years of age from Northeast India. The sample includes 144 participants (F=71, M=73) under study. The tool used for measuring Emotional Intelligence was The Emotional Intelligence Test by Emily A. Sterrett (2014) and the tool used for measuring Internet Addiction was the Internet Addiction Test by Kimberly Young (1998). Descriptive statistics, Pearsons' correlation and independent sample t-test was used to study the data. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Internet Addiction. The study further showed that there was no significant gender difference in Emotional Intelligence and also there was no significant gender difference in Internet Addiction among young adults.


The number of credit card fraud has been growing as technology grows and people can take advantage of it. Therefore, it is very important to implement a robust and effective method to detect such frauds. The machine learning algorithms are appropriate for these tasks since they try to maximize the accuracy of predictions and hence can be relied upon. However, there is an impending flaw where in machine learning models may not perform well due to the presence of an imbalance across classes distribution within the sample set. So, in many related tasks, the datasets have a very small number of observed fraud cases (sometimes around 1 percent positive fraud instances found). Therefore, this imbalance presence may impact any learning model's behavior by predicting all labels as the majority class, hence allowing no scope for generalization in the predictions made by the model. We trained Generative Adversarial Network(GAN) to generate a large number of convincing (and reliable) synthetic examples of the minority class that can be used to alleviate the class imbalance within the training set and hence generalize the learning of the data more effectively.


An efficient strategy is presented for the synthesis of novel bis-indenyl ligands containing alkene tethers for their further immobilization. The tether was attached to a bridge or aromatic ring of the ligand. The ligandswere prepared using oxirane ring-opening reaction.


This paper produced a new study of dropping high frequencies from an image decomposed using Contourlet transformation to its coefficients. Studying the effect of decompose level in addition to selecting different high frequency coefficient to be dropped, then reconstruct the image from the remaining coefficients has been investigated. The effect of dropped frequencies on the retrieved image has been evaluated. Performance study has investigated in terms of MSE, PSNR and structural similarity of image. Numerical results have shown less MSE, high PSNR, and high structural similarity for images with large size for the same decomposition levels where structural measure closed to (0.87), (0.99) with less MSE approximately (69), (20) for decomposition levels equal [2]–[4] and [2], [3] respectively. While structural similarity of the image does not highly effected with a change of decomposition levels. The resultant MSE and PSNR show promising results for image high quality in many applications of image processing.


Traffic congestion is a major problem facing engineers and planners in most cities and large towns. The problem is generally most severe in urban areas and in particular Central Business Districts (CBDs). To alleviate this congestion, transportation planners may wish to implement alternative transportation system management (TSM) or travel demand management (TDM) schemes. The planner is then faced with the problem of quantifying the benefits from such schemes, or deciding which one of a number of mutually exclusive alternatives to implement. This paper describes how a simulation tool, SATURN, was applied to quantify the effect of congestion relief measures via a case study in the Johannesburg CBD. Various methods for reducing input data requirements were tested and a low cost procedure is recommended.


Power grid today has been more interconnected than it used to be, resulting in frequent occurrence of cascading failure in the power system. According to historical data, many major cascading failures are caused by the outage of certain transmission lines. The transmission lines with potential to cause large scale cascading failure are called key transmission lines (KTL). To find out the KTL, this paper first proposes a correlation network which characterized the interaction between different lines in the system. Then, based on this new network, we identify the KTL in power system using the modified K-core decomposition, which has been amended to better suit the power system's inherit features. Finally, case studies utilizing cascading failure simulation on New England System and IEEE-118 system are conducted to substantiate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.


The wide area and extreme thick sediments of marine Lower Palaeozoic are well developed in northern and southern,and especially in the western part of China,Tarim Basin.The major petroleum source rock systems in the Tarim Basin,however,are disputed and debated for a long time.It is suggested in this paper that a global glaciating happened during the Middle Later Ordovician when would be favored for accumulating and preserving of sedimentary organic carbon,depending on the positive shifts of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions within the marine carbonates taken from two typical outcrop and underground sections.According to comprehensive studies including contents of organic matter,maturity indexes and sedimentary facies,a macro evidence about the Middle Upper Ordovician as a major petroleum source rock in Tarim Basin is proposed here.Meanwhile,the research shows that the possibility and prerequisite of Middle Upper Ordovician as a major system of petroleum source rocks in the Paleozoic deposited and developed in Lower Yangtze and western margin of Huabei(North China)platform.


The growth rates of 13 species of abundant red tide algae in media with different iron species complexed with microbial siderophores (Ferrichrome and Ferrioxamine) and Fe‐Catechol were investigated. Our study demonstrated that the Fe‐chelates (at molar ratios = 1:1) were bioavailable to some red tide species. In Fe‐Catechol medium, growth was observed for the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, the dinoflagellates Heterocapsa circularisquama and Heterocapsa triquetra, the diatom Ditylum brightwellii, the cryptophyte Rhodomonas ovalis, the chlorophyte Oltmannsiellopsis viridis, and the haptophyte Cricosphaera roscoffensis. In Ferrioxamine medium, we found the growth of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi, the diatom Ditylum brightwellii, and the cryptophyte Rhodomonas ovalis. But, the existence of higher ligand concentrations (molar ratios ≥ 1:10) decreased the growth rates of most red tide species that were examined. Furthermore, all red tide species examined were not able to grow in Ferrichrome medium. In particular, the Chattonella species examined did not grow in the presence of Fe‐chelates. These results suggest that bioavailability of iron depends not only on ligand species, but also on the concentration of the ligands; moreover, microbial siderophores may play an important role in controlling the uptake of iron complexed with organic materials that exist in coastal water and the formation of red tides in coastal areas.


Simplicity of the forward and inverse position and velocity kinematics has always been one of the major design criteria for industrial robots. Hence, almost all of them have a very special kinematics' structure ; they are intending to use special programs for the motion control. The idea of the presented procedure is to use the commercial software for simulations of such advanced mechanical systems. Simulation of the robot leads the following procedure: Model of the robot has been created in SOLIDWORKS and is used to generate the robot mechanism in ADAMS. The motion control is programmed in MATLAB/SIMULINK through the homogeneous transform and finite displacement twist of the robot structure in ROBOTICS TOOLBOX. Model of robot ADEPT SIX 300 is presented. It is characterized by six rotations and its kinematics' and dynamics' model is analysed by using the Denavit – Hartenberg method. The forward and inverse problems have been solved and the trajectories of the joints are presented as well. Interpreter of the robotic language V+ is programmed in language C in order to read the data that determine the motion of the robot components. The pose representations describe relative displacements in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. Two kinds of simulation of motion in MSC.ADAMS were successfully carried out based on the inverse force kinematics (" IFK" ) and forward force kinematics (" FFK" ) principles. As expected, the mapping from joint positions to the end pose is easier than inverse mapping ; the forward mapping generated trajectories offer up to 30% trajectory points comparing to the ones that are generated by the inverse mapping.


Abstract : The present study of ammonium perchlorate which is grown as whisker crystals from porous glass by a recently discovered process is extended to doped ammonium perchlorate. The selection of dopants in whisker ammonium perchlorate is limited initially to those materials capable of isomorphic substitution in the ammonium perchlorate lattice structure. These dopants include potassium perchlorate, ammonium permanganate, and ammonium dichromate. The characterization of the doped whisker ammonium perchlorate is reported together with burning rate data of propellant incorporating the doped oxidizer.


This article presents the mathematical modelling of a mobile manipulator robot to describe its kinematic and dynamic behaviour; the kinematic model is used to design a control law that allows the autonomous tracking of trajectories in structured spaces; while the dynamic model is used to compensate for speed errors in the robot. Additionally, the stability of the proposed control systems is demonstrated, and finally, simulation and experimentation tests are carried out to validate the proper functioning of the controllers.


A high-speed pavement profile analysis method that detects curvature present in the wheelpaths of jointed concrete pavement slabs is presented. This technique can be used to analyze slab curvatures present in pavements and caused by curling and warping forces. The FHWA Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program has obtained high-speed elevation profiles for the jointed concrete pavements in the study. This profile analysis method reads an LTPP profile and detects imperfections in the road curvature profile, which typically are joints and cracks. It then analyzes the slab regions (intact slab segments) between these numerical imperfections for the presence of curvature. The result of a profile analysis is a road profile index—the curvature index—which represents the average slab curvature present along the wheelpaths for the profile. This profile analysis method was applied to more than 1,100 LTPP GPS3 profiles. The range of the slab curvatures encountered is described, and some key factors related to apparent locked-in curvatures (related to warping and construction) are discussed. The amount of locked-in curvature in slabs significantly affects slab behavior and long-term pavement performance. Curvature information should be available to pavement rehabilitation engineers making fix type and funding decisions for pavements. This new analysis method could be implemented rapidly in routine pavement profile analysis and pavement management systems.


Aims/ Objectives: This paper presents a one step hybrid numerical scheme with one o gridpoints for solving directly the general second order initial value problems.Study Design: Section one which is the introduction, give a brief about initial value problem.In the next section derivation of one step hybrid scheme is considered. Section Three providesthe analysis of the scheme, while numerical implementation of the scheme and conclusion are inSections four and ve respectively.Methodology: The scheme is developed using collocation and interpolation technique invokedon Lucas polynomial.Results: The proposed scheme is consistent, zero stable and of order four and can estimate theapproximate solution at both step and o step points simultaneously by using variable step size.Conclusion: Numerical results are given to show the eciency of the proposed scheme over someexisting schemes of same and higher order[ [1],[2], [3],[4], [5], [6]].


This paper examines, in terms of the normal-mode analysis developed earlier (Part I), the nature of relaxations in which a diatomic gas, highly diluted in a heat bath of inert gas atoms, is subjected to a sudden change as in shock-wave excitation or laser schlieren experiments.It is shown in detail how the observed relaxation time in a shock-wave excitation to a fixed final temperature depends on the initial temperature. At the same time, it is confirmed that the characterisation as 'mainly rotational' of the measured relaxation time in H2 when it is heated from room temperature to 1500 K in a shock wave is perfectly plausible.On the other hand, the calculations show that in laser schlieren experiments in which the v = 1, J = 1 level of H2 is overpopulated, the vibrational relaxation time of H2 at the temperature in question is recovered, although interesting effects should appear if other J levels were populated initially, or if the experiments were carried out at much higher ambient temperatures.The cal...


In August 2000, as in 1999, Islamic rebels tested the strength of Central Asian government forces. Kyrgyzstan was badly hit again; what is more, Uzbek soldiers struggled to battle the insurgents just 70 kilometers from Tashkent, the nation's capital. At about the same time, the Taliban (a radical Islamist group) almost succeeded in taking control of Afghanistan, dealing a heavy blow to the Northern Alliance (the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan)--its greatest opponent. Next year, a new invasion is feared. With the situation in Chechnya at an impasse, and the Arab-Israeli peace process in the Middle East in tatters, what does this mean for international security, and in particular for Russia and the United States?


Objective To investigate the effect of scleral buckling for treatment of uncomplex RRD under the indirect ophthalmoscope.Methods 58 eyes with uncomplex RRD were treated with scleval buckling.Accurate hole location,moderate condensation and proper placement of outside pad.Retina reattachment,visual acuity and complications were observed after the surgery.An cases were followed for 3~6 months.Results Retina reattachment succeeded in 55 eyes,failed in 3 eyes.Visual acuity was improved in 54 eyes,unchanged in 3 eyes ,dropped in 1 eye.High IOP in 3 eyes,returned to normal after taking the drug.Conclusion Scleral bucking under indirect ophthalmoscope for freatment of uncomplex RRD was simple,reliable and has high success rate.


This paper analyzes language maintenance/shift in rural southern California during the second half of the 19 th century. Based on a dataset of personal letters, the study examines correspondence between the members of a bilingual/bicultural family living in a rancho and with the surrounding population. The letters are subdivided into three sets by author: (1) family members, (2) rancho workers, (3) neighbors and acquaintances. For each letter, the writer's language choice and competency is considered. The data show that the children of the ranchero elite exhibit a rapid shift in language dominance towards English. The lower classes, represented by the rancho workers, use virtually no English and their Spanish offers no evidence of contactinduced features. Among the neighbors, older generation Californios are more Spanish-retentive than their younger counterparts, although the latter are not uniform in their mastery of English. Alongside these native speakers, the neighbors include Luiseno Indians living in nearby Pala, who have Spanish, rather than English, proficiency. The letters demonstrate that a complex combination of factors resulted in uneven levels of intergenerational maintenance and shift in rural southern California. Ranching favored Spanish retention and use, since it provided little opportunity or need for English. On the other hand, groups expecting to achieve prominence in industrial American California made efforts to learn English, sometimes at the expense of Spanish.


Four basic devices are required for an integrator of differential equations. These are (1) integrating units themselves, (2) coupling devices for interlocking the various integrators and multipliers, (3) multiplier units, (4) generators of functional coefficients entering into differential equations. These devices and their applications to various types of problems are given. Results of an entirely completed machine are not available, but preliminary results show the device to be good to half a percent and potentially in some cases to nearly a tenth of a percent. The electric coupling used renders the machine very free from mechanical difficulties and also reduces the cost enormously. A machine capable of attacking many theoretical problems might cost as little as $5000.


Based on scientific evidences about more common psychological disorders produced after a sexual assault a reconceptualization of them as forms of Experiential Avoidance (EA) is proposed. More used intervention techniques applied in the field of sexual aggressions are analyzed. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is proposed as an alternative treatment, which is presented in certain detail. Finally, possible ACT contributions and limits to victimology are considered


The invention discloses a solar energy basket of an electric car. The solar energy basket is provided with solar light panels which can convert solar energy into electric energy so as to save resources. The solar light panels are fixed on the periphery of the electric car solar basket. When a power wire under the basket is inserted in a battery of an electric car, the purpose of charging is realized. The solar energy basket of the electric car is attractive and does not occupy space.


SUMMARY The mental, social and emotional worlds of Australian children and families present particular challenges to early childhood teachers engaged in progressing child language and thinking. Teacher knowledge of family lifestyles and culture, and the ways in which children construe events is fundamental to the provision of sensitive, effective learning experiences. Early childhood teachers' efforts to link the social and educational worlds of families impact directly on how the children and families take part in formal educational activity. Although teachers espouse the rhetoric of good practice, they face significant challenges in translating this rhetoric into behaviour that ensures high quality outcomes for all children. Some Australian research suggests that early childhood teacher beliefs about good practice and teachers classroom behaviours need re-appraisal if the notion of 'children as competent learners' is to drive classroom action and be relevant to all students. Indeed, some of the communicative contexts established in early years classes appear to contraindicate successful outcomes for child thought and expression and do little to enhance children's social, intellectual and intrapersonal competence. The paper explores the context of the Australian child by reviewing contemporary research and reporting findings from several studies conducted in Western Australia. One study provides valuable insights into the health and well being of children in both family and school contexts. Two further studies investigated the early years classes from the perspective of children as they co-constructed their understandings with significant others. The paper describes the interactions played out in classrooms as well as the impact of these interactions on learners. In addition, the paper reviews current literature and research on quality assurance and best practice as it relates to the role of teacher in enhancing child thought and language. Strategies for increasing teacher effectiveness in developing child language and thinking are also explored.


As an effective variable stiffness method, jamming structures are widely used in soft robots. Based on the principle of granular jamming, a hollow variable stiffness bellows structure with adjustable local hardness is proposed in this paper. It is prepared by wax-lost casting with Ecoflex 0030 silica gel material, and glass balls with different diameters are used as filling particles. We make use of the Ogden model to simulate the silica gel and establish a finite element model for simulation experiments. The results show that the mechanism has a good effect on variable stiffness while the stiffness of the mechanism can be increased by 380% by applying negative pressure. Also, the integral stiffness can be significantly adjusted, while the local surface remains soft. In addition, the influence of structural parameters on the stiffness variation performance of the jamming mechanism is investigated.


This research was motivated by the news of violence that happened to a nurse at Pameungpeuk Health Center, Garut Regency. The incident of violence was recorded by CCTV surveillance cameras and went viral online, as published by Detikcom. This study aims to explain the level of text, social cognition, and social context of reporting violence cases against the healthcare worker. The research method used was descriptive and qualitative in line with a critical paradigm. The data collection techniques conducted were through in-depth interviews, observation and literature study. The results showed that at the text level, the elements of macro structure, superstructure and micro structure explained an unfavourable situation experienced by the victim or nurse who had been beaten. Social cognition shows that the journalists' point of view in cases of violence against health workers have had an impact on their psychological condition. In this case journalists must provide information objectively, so the victim gets justice. The social context in this news discourse is the practice of power performed by Detikcom on publishing news and power of full access in handling cases by Pameungpeuk Sector Police and Garut Resort Police. The implication of this research is that the media can broadcast balanced news, uphold the ideals of journalists, provide a sense of security and increase public awareness that media discourse affects social life. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, social cognition, social context, violence, healthcare worker.


In the first twenty years of this Journal's existence, very few articles about the use of technology in the mainstream of higher education were published. In the 1990s, the use of information technology to support and enhance college courses and other educational programs has proliferated. In this issue, all nine articles relate to higher education programs, from the use of educational technology to enhance parts of courses to faculty workshops for the design of online courses. Since most college students now have campus access to the Internet, the use of Web sites to support instruction has been increasing. The first four articles report on various aspects of the use of Web sites in higher education. The lead article reports on preliminary research about how people make sense of WWW-based information. It discusses researchers' observations, based on the think aloud protocols of fifteen adult students. The next article explores the possibilities offered by the Web in a project-based learning environment, where students work on applied mathematics projects and display them on the Web. The continuous Web display of work in progress during the semester stimulates the students toward greater competition and toward achieving higher goals. Students also directly participate in the assessment of projects as members of the jury. In order for educational technology systems to benefit higher education, faculty members need to participate in professional development programs. The next two articles discuss the design and implementation of workshops that will help college faculty members to make more effective use of the Internet and other online technologies. The third article presents a case study for an Internet workshop designed for Nassau Community College faculty members. The next article reports on an NSF-supported workshop for college faculty members who are experimenting with distance learning via Web-based online software. Hosted by Mercy College faculty and support staff, this is an ongoing community of learners who meet for a week of intensive study and debate in June 1998. The remaining articles of this issue of the Journal provide examples of how information technology is being used by college faculty to enhance the learning of students in various college classes. In the next article, the co-authors report on an


Abstract Devices in nano-electronics frequently consist of complex two- or three-dimensional structures with complex chemistries. A detailed characterisation thus requires not only a thorough structural characterisation, but also a highly resolved characterisation of elemental distributions. Energy filtering transmission electron microscopy is a very valuable tool for such investigations, as will be demonstrated on the basis of three different examples: a novel design of a nanoscale field effect transistor, a model design for a magnetic random access memory cell and magnetic core shell nanoparticles suitable for future nanoscale memory.


The services are the economic activities characterized by intangibility, heterogeneity and difficult to evaluate. But these features have not acted as a barrier in enlarging the scope of services which is very wide and profound especially in emerging economies like India. Services have become an essential part of our lives especially the services offered by fast food industry. The growth of fast food industry in India has been manifolds. With the ease in doing business and the life of young professionals running like a bullet train the demand of chain of fast food restaurants has been on a higher side. The quality of the services provided to the customers thus becomes a matter of study. The level of services offered by these chains of restaurants should be exorbitant, enabling the customers to feel delighted. Thus, this paper studies the service quality of the famous fast food chain of restaurants - McDonald's. In this study, Servqual instrument has been used to identify the gaps between the customers' expectations and perceptions regarding McDonald's.  "Always render more and better service than is expected of you, no matter what your task may be." - OgMandino


Using big cargo drones in branch airport logistics promotes the realization of the ultimate goal of the three-level intelligent logistics system of "trunk line, branch line and delivery area", aiming to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Based on the development of drone logistics policy, the paper analyzed the environment of policy support and conducted research on national and industrial policies and regulations, respectively. Considering the urgent need of take-off and landing of the commercial big cargo drones for branch logistics, it put forward a proposal of using general aviation airports as the branch distribution network. In view of the safe airport operation requirements under the integrated operation of manned aircrafts and drones, this paper focused on three aspects of the airport operation rules: the ability improvement of both airports and drones, the integrated rules of manned aircrafts and drones and the contingency management of drones.


Boriding is a thermochemical surface treatment used to improve corrosion and wear resistance of hardened steels. In this work, we study the effect of boriding treatment in solid medium on the cyclic fatigue resistance of C20 carbon steel. Specimens of untreated and borided C20 steel in a solid medium consisting of 5% B4C, 5% NaBF4 and 90% SiC were subjected to rotating-bend fatigue device. The results showed that the improvement in fatigue resistance carried by the boriding treatment on C20 steel is low. This was explained by the presence of FeB boride in addition to Fe2B boride, which leads to surface cracking.


A label free continuous assay for protease activity and inhibitor screening has been developed. A protease (trypsin) could digest hemoglobin. Free heme molecules were released. Strong π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions with the perylene probe resulted in efficient quenching of the probe's monomer fluorescence.


4Hybrid rocket motor features such as operational safety, thrust tailoring, low investment cost and constructive simplicity are currently widespread. Nevertheless, inefficient combustion reduced mass fraction and mostly low regression rates still play a role in the major disadvantages. Swirling oxidizer flow is known to affect the mixing between oxidizer and fuel, intensifying heat exchange thus increasing regression rate. A laboratory scale hybrid engine was developed, and tests were conducted with gaseous oxygen (GOX) supply, ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene, one axial and two swirl injector types. Oxygen mass flow, grain length and diameter and test time were maintained constant in order to evaluate the GOX injection influence on the motor performance and combustion characteristics. Series of six tests for each injector were performed with one unique set of machined throat diameters, to acquire a range of oxidizer mass flux for comparison. The data of oxidizer mass and fuel consumption were collected, and average regression rate values were calculated. Empirical correlations for the regression rate coefficients were obtained for each injection method. The burn grain profiles were analyzed and compared, sustaining that the income oxidizer flow pattern strongly affects the regression rates.


In this work, a generalized, adapted Numerov implementation capable of determining band structures of periodic quantum systems is outlined. Based on the input potential, the presented approach numerically solves the Schrödinger equation in position space at each momentum space point. Thus, in addition to the band structure, the method inherently provides information about the state functions and probability densities in position space at each momentum space point considered. The generalized, adapted Numerov framework provided reliable estimates for a variety of increasingly complex test suites in one, two, and three dimensions. The accuracy of the proposed methodology was benchmarked against results obtained for the analytically solvable Kronig-Penney model. Furthermore, the presented numerical solver was applied to a model potential representing a 2D optical lattice being a challenging application relevant, for example, in the field of quantum computing.


A controller design method based on convex programming is used for lightly damped systems with feedback delay. The designed controllers are robust with respect to time delays in the feedback action, which is often crucial to the stability of lightly damped systems. Exogenous disturbances and unmodeled dynamics are taken into account. Since the convex program is a global optimal technique, once a controller is found, it is optimal in the sense that it meets the design specifications. On the other hand, if no solution is found, then there exists no linear, time-invariant controller which can satisfy the design specifications. Simulation results show that the designed controller can effectively stabilize the lightly damped system and significantly improve its performance.<<ETX>>


A device for connecting two layers of heat meltable material together comprises a toothed member which can be heated and pressed against a ribbed member with the layers of material therebetween. The toothed member includes three rows of teeth with gaps between adjacent teeth. Each row is separated by a gap thickness and the teeth have preferred widths. Thicknesses and lengths. The ribbed member has a pair of ribs that defines three grooves for receiving the three rows of teeth. Clearance is provided between the teeth and ribs while the teeth are bevelled to produce perforations in the heat meltable layers while firmly sealing the layers together around a periphery of each perforation.


Context: With the growing importance and complexity of software-based systems in relevant domain areas such as healthcare, education and e-government, acceptance of software products is essential.Problem / Motivation: We require to understand, model, and predict decisions taken by end users regarding the adoption and utilization of software products, where soft factors (such as human values, motivations and attitudes) need to be taken into account.Idea: In this paper, we address this need by using a novel probabilistic approach that allows the prediction of end users' decisions and ranks soft factors importance in taking these decisions.Solution and Early Results: We implement a computational Bayesian network to model hidden states and their relationships to the dynamics of technology acceptance. The model has been applied in the healthcare domain using the NHS COVID-19 Test and Trace app (COVID-19 app). We found that soft factors such as Fear of infection and Altruism were important for the COVID-19 app acceptance. The results are reported as part of a two stage-validation of the model.


Four reinforced-concrete arch structures, with the top of arch crown 4 ft below ground surface, were exposed at high overpressure ranges from Priscilla Burst in order to obtain data on their resistance to blast, radiation, and missile hazards. The four structures received actual air overpressures of 56, 124, and 199 psi and suffered only minor damage, all remaining structurally serviceable. The entranceway used for the structures sealed out the air pressure. It was not designed to attenuate radiation and thus did not provide adequate radiation protection for personnel. There were no missile and apparently no dust hazards in any of the structures. Results of the test indicate that an underground reinforced-concrete arch is an excellent structural shape for resisting the effects of a kiloton-range air burst. (C.H.)


This article focuses on gaining a fundamental understanding of the bubble growth and collapse phenomena in a chemical blowing agent (CBA)based foaming process under atmospheric pressure. The behavior of CBA-blown bubbles exposed to various processing conditions is observed using a hot-stage optical microscope-based image processing system. A mathematical model that accounts for the effects of diffusion, surface tension, viscosity, and elasticity has been employed. It has been found that the processing temperature, diffusivity, and gas bulk concentration have dominant effects on the life span of CBA-blown bubbles.


The present invention relates to the extracellular domain of HER3 receptor binding and inhibits various functions related HER3 receptor antibodies and antigen binding fragments through ligand-dependent and / or ligand-dependent mechanism. Also it provides an increased half-life composition. Further, the present invention provides compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of HER3 mediated signal transduction associated disease.


To integrate polymer fiber based physical layer for avionic data network, it is necessary to understand the impact and cause of harsh environments on polymer fiber optic components and harnesses. Since temperature and vibration have a significant influence, we investigate the variation in optical transmittance and monitor the endurance of different types of connector and splices under extreme aircraft environments. Presently, there is no specific aerospace standard for the application of polymer fiber and components in the aircraft data network. Therefore, in the paper we examine and define the thermal cycling and vibration measurement set up and methods to evaluate the performance capability of the physical layer of the data network. Some of the interesting results observed during the measurements are also presented.


Experimental measurements of density and viscosity of three binary systems, viz., p-xylene/m-xylene, p-xylene/o-xylene, and m-xylene/o-xylene, were performed over the complete concentration ranges, for temperatures between 273.15 and 303.15 K. Experimental densities were compared with those predicted by the Hankinson-Brobst-Thomson method, showing average deviations of about 0.3%. The viscosity data were correlated by the McAllister equations, producing excellent representations of both binary and ternary data


A real-scale application experience Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) operating in continues with livestock farms for one year. These systems are based on digesters, subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (SVFCW) and facultative ponds. Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency (CODRE) has obtained between 70 and 90%. Likewise, it have been possible to compare the operation of cascade flow digesters (CFD) (<76% CODRE) versus complete mixing digesters (CMD) (<50% CODRE). Facultative ponds (FP) when combined with (SSFCW), removed a higher percentage of CODRE compared with ponds (92%). Correlations of interest have been found between the variables evaluated in each plant. Finally, different elements are alternated in the same system, this system is capable of supporting variations in changes in flow rate and organic load coming from the farm, maintaining an adequate elimination of COD and other parameters of interest.


The proceedings ol'the 1993 Caribbean (oni一ci-crice on NatUral [Eizards: volcanoes, earthquakes, windstorms. floods, which took pl}icc in Trinidad ha\e been PLIbliSlICCI (JLI} 1994). This 408-papepUblication is a colection ot 35 p}jpers, to-cthcr with 24 ab}tracts c ot coril ,erencc prcscritations tor which cornpIctc Inaluscripts were [lot received. Thc papers cover a relati%ely broad SPCCIIII()}topics, (I]SPIm a good l1lixulre of' basic and I I applied Aoi火and with the exception of' windstorins/floods. can be considered as


A general trend in industry is a shift from Intrusion Detection Systems to Intrusion Prevention Systems. In this project, we investigate the motivations behind this trend. In addition, we survey some of the available IDS/IPS tools. More specifically, we installed SNORT, "the de facto standard for intrusion detection/prevention", and launched several attacks to see how well snort was able to log malicious behavior. Introduction The common sentiment in industry is that Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) will be obsolete (if they aren't already) very soon. In it's place is something much more capable, an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). IPSs are not a new technology, they are simply an evolved version of IDS supplanted by firewalls and network layer filtering to provide a more active filtering of malicious content. Our goal is to understand both IDS and IPS systems, the evolution from IDS to IPS in industry, as well as experiment with today's most common, open source IDS, Snort. Intrusion Detection Systems An Intrusion Detection System, IDS, is designed to detect unwanted attacks on systems. IDSs are the computer network equivalent to home security systems. The primary responsibility of an IDS is to detect unwanted and malicious network traffic. There are many different ways this can be done, as well as many different programs which offer this functionality. There are two main types of ID systems ID systems which operate on a host are called host-based ID systems (HIDS), and ID systems which operate on network data flow are called network-based ID systems (NIDS). The focus of our reserch was primarily on NIDS. Network Based IDS An NIDS, such as Snort, generally consists of one or more network based sensors which monitor and filter all network traffic. A sensor is generally just a network interface that has been set to promiscuous mode to sniff all the traffic going though the network. The sensors filter network traffic and generate alerts when suspicious or malicious traffic has been detected. There are two main types of detection techniques: signature matching, and statistical anomaly detection. Signature filters (such as what Snort uses) is the most widespread type of filter. A signature detection filter simply looks at the signature of the data flow which the filter monitors. In general, a signature will be a pattern of bits which can be found in a network packet. If the signature matches any of some predefined set of signatures, the filter will generate an alert. This technique is very simple to implement. However, its main drawback is that one must already know the signatures of malicious packets in order to detect them. This requires an additional amount of overhead to continually update the system with the most current malicious signatures. In addition, the attacker can slightly modify the attack in order to avoid matching the pre-existing signature rules for the original attack. The alternative approach is to use a statistical anomaly filter. Statistical anomaly filters are meant to monitor a system and detect if something abnomal occurs. The normal behavior of a system is determined under normal, safe operating conditions, and then "exceptional" events are identified. When the systems behavior deviates far from the "normal" behavior, alerts are generated. For instance, one way to determine normal behavior would be to monitor users network usage. If it is later perceived that a user is using much more bandwidth than previous measurements, this might be a signal that something abnormal is happening. The major problem with this is that systems' behaviors change with time. As a result, the system's behavior will deviate more and more from the "normal" reference model initially determined. As a result, there is a need for the reference model to evolve. However, if the reference model is updated too often, an attacker could spread out the attack over a longer period of time and possibly go unnoticed in the system. The reference model will learn the attackers behavior and incorporate that into the reference model. Host-Based IDS Though we didn't focus our survey on HIDS, we did read enough to give a general description as to how they differ from NIDS. As NIDS inspect all network traffic, HIDS inspect and detect abnormal behavior within a host. As an example, HIDS may monitor which program accesses which resources and might trigger an alert when a program abnormally starts draining system resources or modifying the /etc/passwd file. A HIDS can also monitor the state of the system and make sure everything makes sense, which is very analogous to the statistical anomaly filter. The central principle behind the effectiveness of HIDS is that attackers generally leave a trace of their activities. For instance, they might install software on a computer they have taken over. In general, a HIDS will maintain a database of system objects it should monitor. The database contains important information about these system objects attributes, modification time, size, etc. In addition, the database may contain a checksum or hash of the system objects. These objects will later be used for comparison to the current system objects. If at some point an object becomes inconsistent, the system can generate an alert. However, the attacker may somehow be able to gain access to the database. As a result, simply matching a hash doesn't guarantee that an intruder has not tampered with the file in question. For files which are very dynamic, this checksum technique will not be effective. There are many other techniques available, however our focus on HIDS ends here. Intrusion Prevention Systems Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are products designed to detect unwanted accesses or manipulations of a system [9]. However, they typically do not prevent or protect from attacks. IDS systems are also the oldest systems available. On the contrary, the purpose of an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is to not only detect that an attack is occurring, but also to stop it. To do so, it can be considered to be an advanced combination of a firewall and an IDS. To illustrate this, we first consider what a firewall does. The idea behind firewalls comes from their use in building construction to prevent the spread of fires [7, 13]. In a networking sense, they perform a similar function. Instead of preventing fire from spreading from one building to another, they prevent certain network traffic from traveling from one network section to another (or in an organization, usually from the outside network to the internal network). It typically does this by examining portions of the IP packets (including source and destination IP addresses and port numbers) and decides whether or not to let the packet pass [5, 9, 13]. Firewalls can work in both directions, preventing traffic both into and out of a network. A firewall can be considered a very simple type of IPS in that it operates using IP addresses and ports and other header information, but it does not look into the contents of the packet [10, 13]. An IPS is more advanced in that it can use application-layer information to attempt to determine intent of the packet. As mentioned, it combines the power of filtering that a firewall has, with the power of detection like an IDS has, along with the ability to prevent attacks. For these reasons IPSs are considered to be among the promising of network technologies [17]. Similar to IDSs, IPS can be divided into several types. Also like IDSs, these include Network Based IPS (NIPS) and Host Based IPS (HIPS). The distinction is very similar to that of IDSs and so will not be discussed further. IDS vs. IPS Recent trends in industry show that more and more companies are choosing IPS based solutions over IDS based solutions, primarily due to the need to actively block worm and hacker attacks, instead of passively monitoring them as an IDS system would do [11]. Although legitimate traffic is often blocked just as malicious traffic is, most system administrators believe that the benefits certainly outweigh the downsides, especially when considering the significant damage that a successful worm or hacker can have on an organization [11]. It should be noted that the blocking of legitimate traffic is not a unique problem in IPS systems. This problem occurs in any type of system that blocks traffic, including firewalls. The ability to determine with 100% accuracy whether a packet is malicious or not is simply not possible. For this reason, any security implementation will suffer from false positives. However, a system administrator must weigh the benefits of blocking good traffic (false positive) versus allowing some bad traffic (false negatives) to determine how strictly to check data.


The occurrence of a weak in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Fe thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy onto (001)-oriented MgO substrates has been previously reported. We explain the occurrence of this anisotropy by measuring the in-plane tetragonal distortion of the cubic Fe lattice in a 800A-thick film. The analysis of the full x-ray diffraction spectrum reveals a 0.1% difference between the two in-plane parameters. This small difference is sufficient to fully explain the observed anisotropy (≈20 Oe) using a standard magnetoelastic model. Although it is established that the uniaxial anisotropy results from the angle of incidence of the Fe atomic flux during deposition, the relationship between angle of incidence and in-plane tetragonalization is still unexplained. However, this anisotropy is shown to also occur in other epitaxial systems such as Ni 80 Fe 20 on (111)Si. Control of this effect can help design epitaxial multilayer films with specific and reproducible magnetic states.


Few Supreme Court decisions have been as completely unsurprising as Pearson v Callahan. Pearson overturned Saucier v Katz, which required courts to reach the merits of constitutional tort claims before addressing qualified immunity. Since qualified immunity precludes damages unless defendants violate "clearly established" rights, Saucier mandated some merits adjudications incapable of supporting damages judgments in those particular cases, because the rights violated had not been "clearly established" at the time of the defendants' actions. These "unnecessary" merits adjudications had been criticized by sitting Justices and prominent


The measure of the chromatic dispersion of the optic fibers used in telecommunications networks and high‐speed systems is very useful because it permits chromatic‐dispersion compensators to be conceived across the wavelength range of interest. The modulation phase‐shift method is used to measure chromatic dispersion in a standard single‐mode fiber for telecommunication between 1200 and 1600 nm, by measuring the variation of the modulation phase of the transmitted signal modulated by a radio frequency signal, relative to the transmitted signal in a short reference fiber, modulated by the same signal. We verify the reduction of the thermal transitions in the measurement setup and fiber under test, while covering the spool of the fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 174–178, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21298


The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of the relationship between fertility behavior and socioeconomic changes in agriculture sector. This is done by developing an analytical framework to modify the general theory of fertility for application to the reproductive behavior of rural farm families. In our model, the productivity constraint of the household production function does not appear as a part of shadow price, but works separately as a supply constraint of the production of farm children. This eliminates the usual preoccupation with consumer demand-oriented concepts and gives us a theoretical basis for the inclusion of structural variables. To make the model more realistic, we include child labor in agricultural production function which is transformed into agricultural income.


A variety of techniques for the fabrication of one-step rainbow holograms have been published over the years. Inherent problems such as, complexity of optical layout, excessive loss of object beam signal (from required apertures), limited field of view, as a well as aberrations, limit practical application. This paper assumes the reader has an understanding of rainbow holography, optics and phase conjugation. A brief overview (along with pros and cons) of the most common one-step techniques will be covered along with a description of two systems that we are presently using to produce one-step orthoscopic rainbow shadowgrams.


We study topological structures of the sets (0, 1/2) ∩ Ω and (0, 1/2) \ Ω, where Ω is one special algebraic surface defined by a symmetric polynomial in variables a1, a2, a3 of degree 12. These problems arise in studying of general properties of degenerate singular points of dynamical systems obtained from the normalized Ricci flow on generalized Wallach spaces. Our main goal is to prove the connectedness of (0, 1/2)∩Ω and to determine the number of connected components of (0, 1/2) \ Ω.


The mixing efficiency of an optical micro rotor designed to be used as a part of the Micro Total Analysis Systems has been studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. It is found that the mixing efficiency due to convection by the rotor depends on the ratio of the circumferential speed of the rotor to the inlet speed of the fluids, and the efficiency due to the diffusion of the fluids depends on the ratio of the diffusion coefficient of the fluids to the inlet speed. A multiplier effect due to convection by the rotor and diffusion of the fluids on the mixing performance is observed. The results obtained in this study can be used for designing more effective optical micro rotor systems.


The Fifth Annual Antibiotics Symposium sponsored jointly by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the journals Antibioticsand Chemotherapy and Antibiotic Medicine and Clinical Therapy was held in Washington, D.C., on October 2 to 4, 1957. The meeting was attended by over 800 doctors and no less than 120 papers were presented and 41 others read by title. There were also three panel discussions (Lancet, 1957). The papers, which were read simultaneously in two halls, covered a very wide range of human and veterinary medicine. Thus we heard reports of tetracycline being given to cows by vaginal douche within 24 hours of artificial insemination. An improved fertility rate was noted, and in a New York trial a 66 per cent. conception rate was obtained from one service per animal among 94 so-called "repeat breeders" (Sacchi, Smith, and Tower, 1958). Streptomycin was being used in the State of Missouri for the massive spraying of fruit and vegetables (Logue, Goldberg, and Goodman, 1958). Experiments had been undertaken with streptomycin and tetracycline in an attempt to retard the development of decay in refrigerated pre-packaged spinach (Becker, Goodman, and Goldberg, 1958). It had been estimated that 11 to 13 per cent. of vegetable acreage in the USA was being lost through spoilage during marketing processes, and antibiotics have been widely tested in an attempt to reduce such spoilage. Residues of streptomycin and tetracycline have, however, been detected in treated potatoes, cabbage, and spinach (Goodman, Johnston, and Goldberg, 1958), although tetracycline in potatoes was shown to be lost in cooking. As such antibiotics may persist in treated vegetables for 3 months or more, the possible public health hazards of such processes


The cause of the divergence of the conventional power flow method near the saddle node bifurcation was analyzed.A new method of plotting complete P-V curves using the improved conventional power flow method was presented and the problem of the divergence of the conventional power flow method was solved.Using this method the nose node can be crossed successfully and a complete P-V curve can be plotted,which is simpler and quicker than the continuous power flow method.The effectiveness of the method was proved by the actual sample


The thesis uses documents consulting method,questionnaire method and experimental contrasting methods.The author carries out gymnastics teaching practice in a class composed of 120 high school girls and researches in various respects.The class is in Shangtang High School,Yongjia County of Zhejiang Province.As for girls' grace temperament,it requires not only beautiful figure,gesture,action but also accomplishment in culture and virtue to manifest.


NEW MATERIAL: Compd. of formula I [wherein R 1 is H, F or Cl; R 2 is H, a (substd.) alkyl, an alkynyl, a cycloalkyl or a (substd.) phenyl; R 3 is H, an alkyl, OR 4 (wherein R 4 is H, an alkyl, a phenyl, a naphthyl, etc.); R 2 and R 3 form together a methylene chain] or its salt. EXAMPLE: N-2-methoxyethyl 4-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropylamino)- ethyl]phenoxyacetoamide. USE: The agent has exothermic characteristic and is used for curing obesity and related symptons such as obesity in diabetes started in grown-up persons. PROCESS: E.g. a compd. of formula II (wherein R 5 is a substitutable group) is reacted with a compd. of formula NHR 2 R 3 to obtain a compd. of formula I. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


The purpose of this research was to analyze student motivation in learning process teach by using Chemsketch. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research, this research conducted in SMAN 2 Merauke in Papua. Technic that used to get the data using purpose sampling, total population are 28 students in Grade X IPA 2. The data in this research collected using questionnaire that given for student after finish learning process by using software chemsketch on topic hydrocarbon by giving checklist in every item. Based on data analysis, the result only three categorized that got from research, first are 11 student (39.28%) \categorized very high motivation, second are 16 students (57.14%) categorized high motivation , and the third is 1 student (3,5%) categorized medium. From the result showed that the use of chemsketch able to motivate student to learn chemistry especially hydrocarbon topic and for teacher can used as an alternative media for teaching.


Continuing his regular series, Steve Burnage talks us through CPD ideas that can be adapted. He offers a template for a 45-minute workshop with free handouts and slides on our website. This instalment looks at how new middle leaders can put their vision and ideas into practice


An imprecise point is a point in R 2 of which we do not know the location exactly; we only know for each point a region in R 2 containing it. On such a set of imprecise points, structures like the closest pair or convex hull are not uniquely defined. This leads us to study the following problem: Given a structure of interest, a set R of regions and a subset C ⊆ R, we want to determine if it is possible to place a point in each region of R such that the points placed in regions of C form the structure of interest. We study this problem for the convex hull, with various types of regions. For each variant we either give a NP-hardness proof or a polynomial-time algorithm.


The phonon response property of the Heavy Fermion (HF) systems are investigated within the Periodic Anderson Model (PAM) to explain the observed phonon anomalies. To understand the microscopic origin of these anomalies, two different mechanisms of electron-phonon interaction, namely, the usual interaction between the phonons and the electrons in the f-bands as well as the interaction due to the hybridization term of PAM, are considered. The influence of coulomb correlation U on the phonon excitation spectrum and the spectral density function are studied for various model parameters, namely, the position of the f-level E0, the ratio r of the electron-phonon coupling strengths f1(q) and f2(q), and the effective coupling strength g. The numerical evaluations of these phonon response functions are carried out for small temperatures in the long wavelength limit, while retaining terms which are linear in correlation. The observed behavior agrees well with the general features obtained in experiment.


The frequency of distal radius fractures between 1997 and 1999 in patients older than 50 and younger than 40 years was evaluated retrospectively by means of a Chi-square test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Time series data were fitted to cosine model using nonlinear regression in order to detect a circadian or circannual rhythm. The goodness of fit was assessed by means of the F-statistics and the coefficient of determination r 2 . Accidents at home were recorded most frequently in elderly patients (61.7%) whereas accidents during sports and spare time activities (48.4%) dominated with regard to younger patients. The type of accident was significantly influenced by the factor age. A significant circadian cosine model of frequency of radius fractures could be calculated for both younger and elderly patients with acrophases during the afternoon characterized by a phase advance (approx. 1.5 hours) in the elderly group. The amplitudes of the cosine model were reduced in order of 30% in the elderly. Analysis of seasonal variation showed non-significant maximum values in May and December/January in the elderly. On the contrary, the frequency of distal radius fractures showed an unimodal distribution with peak values during summer in younger patients.


The existing curriculum emphasizes learning process on higher order thinking skills and to use ICT in learning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop CAI media HOTSbased in learning. This study is kind of development research that aims to produce a valid and practical CAI media based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) criteria for linear program learning material, and has a potential effects for Senior High School students' mathematical learning process. The method consists of two stages, preliminary and formative evaluation consisting of expert reviews, one to one, small group, and field test. Subjects involved in this research were 33 students from Srijaya Negara Palembang Senior High School. The results showed that CAI media developed based on HOTS for linear program material has a power point integrated with Geogebra. It was categorized into a valid and practical media and has a potential effects. It is used for four meeting sessions, in which the media consisting of HOTS question for each meeting.