India is the diabetic capital of the world, the diabetic population in the country is close to hitting the alarming mark of 69.9 million by 2025 and 80 million by 2030. In diabetic population, the lifetime risk of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is 15% and around 28% of them may require some form of amputation. Chronic diabetes causes macro and microangiopathy and peripheral sensory and motor neuropathy. These neuropathies lead to foot deformities, in turn escalates to ischemia, and foot infection. DFUs are responsible for considerable morbidity and a significant cost of health‐care worldwide.


This paper investigates the political behavior of Maronites in Lebanon prior to the Lebanese civil war and until today. Lebanon's Maronite community has been selected for study because it represents Lebanon's largest and most signiŽ cant Christian sect whose role in Lebanon was also historically very signiŽ cant. Maronites played a leading role in the formation of the modern state in the 1920s, in its independence in the 1940s, and in its renewal following the 1958 crises. They also played an integral part in the civil war of 1975 which culminated with the political compromise known as the Ta ṏ f Accord. Con ict resolution theorists have coined the term 'protracted social con ict' to refer to deep-seated cleavages between racial, religious, cultural or ethnic groups, characterized by continuing hostility with sporadic outbreaks of violence; and caused by the frustration of human needs for security, recognition, and distributive justice. Protracted con icts are viewed as identity-driven, the results of an underlying fear of extinction that grows out of the experience of being a vulnerable ethnic group living with memories of persecution and massacres. In their comparative study of ethnic con icts in Northern Ireland and Lebanon, Elizabeth Crighton and Martha Abelec MacIver maintained that these identity-driven fears, which also motivate groups comprising the majority of the population, end up by destroying public order. These fears stem from the fact that one group manages to dominate political institutions to protect its identity, and these institutions which are tied to the primacy of the ethnic group in turn become unable to accommodate changes in the distribution of power. At this point, McLaurin concurs that the ethnic group in question would pose a real threat not only to the political order but also to the political integrity of the state. The literature on group dynamics and con icts is also useful since it is dedicated to advancing knowledge about the nature of groups, their development, their disintegration and their relations to threat and con ict. Lewis Coser concedes that con ict assists in establishing or reestablishing unity and cohesion among the members of the same group when faced with outside threats and antagonistic feelings or behavior. Thus, as con ict between groups increases, group members begin to emphasize the differences between the groups rather than focusing on their similarities. This, the theorists say, increases consciousness of in-group identity and thus enhances group solidarity in facing outside dangers. This would appear to explain Maronite cohesion in the period extended from the era of Independence until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975. However, the threats to the community did not diminish over the years but have intensiŽ ed. Accordingly, cohesion should have been maintained or even increased. Yet the Maronites in post-war Lebanon are internally fragmented. At this level, the role of the leadership is invoked. The elite or leaders of the group


Intelligent transportation is a complex system that involves the interaction of connected technologies, including Smart Sensors, Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles, High Precision Maps, and 5G. The coordination of all these machines mandates a common language that serves as a protocol for intelligent machines to communicate. International standards serves as the global protocol to satisfy industry needs at the product level. MPEG-CDVA is the official ISO standard for search and retrieval applications by providing Compact Descriptors for Video Analysis (CDVA). It is robust and enables efficient implementations on embedded systems. CDVA is the first generation language for images/videos. MPEG-VCM is developing advanced features beyond CDVA to the new generation as Video Coding for Machines (VCM). With the wide availability of low-power AI chips, CDVA and VCM are ready to deploy and serve as the language for intelligent and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the SuperCDVA and Closed Captioning CDVA algorithms for intelligent and autonomous vehicles. Concepts are borrowed from the Super Characters algorithm in Natural Language Processing. In order for intelligent and autonomous vehicles to understand events on the road, the CDVA vectors are organized into an image to represent the story of the video.


Infusing career development into the EFL classroom can help students with pragmatic communicative competence and gives students the opportunity to work with authentic tasks. This paper will first introduce the topic of career development then review research that shows the positive aspects for students by infusion of career topics. Then a justification for use in a university EFL curriculum is given along with an explanation of how career development can be a measurable quality. Finally, methods of infusing career development tasks into the EFL curriculum will be introduced.


Visual scrutiny of nineteenth-century period furniture is only a partial means by which twentieth-century historians can identify and evaluate an object's form and function.1 Important aids in the process of analysis are documentary sources such as inventories, letters, and receipted bills that help reveal the secrets of surviving pieces of furniture. These aids are particularly pertinent in the case of the cellaret. Defined as a specialized furniture form for the storage of wine and liquor bottles,2 and distinct from the wine cooler, whose metallined interior was designed to chill wine bottles,3 cellarets as "diminutive cellars"4 were positioned in the dining room either en suite with, and under, matching sideboards or closely adjacent to the sideboards. In New York, a thriving metropolis for the production of furniture in the early nineteenth century, cabinetmakers actively engaged in production of mahogany-veneered cellarets for the opulent late Federal and Greek Revival town houses of the city's elite.5 In addition to playing an integral role in dining rituals, sarcophagus-shaped cellarets reflected the strict archaeological revivalism that typified the aesthetics of American Empire furniture during the first decades of the nineteenth century. Especially significant today for an analysis of New York cellarets are New York cabinetmakers' price books.6 A survey of the books of the 1790s to the 1830s in comparison with those of other American furnituremaking cities, as well as London and Edinburgh sheds light on the design, materials, construction techniques, and prices of these functional and decorative objects. Two particular stylistic preferences of New York cabinetmakers are demonstrated by ten aesthetically related early nineteenth-century New York cellarets of sarcophagus shape, which have not previously been assembled for investigation (see Figs. 7-16, 18, 19; Table on p. 103; and Appendix 1. I have been unable to examine an eleventh example,7 Fig. 17, or obtain good photographs of it). The first of these New York preferences is the elliptically curved tapered body.8 The second preference is a special type of horizontal bottle rest. The cellarets have four partitions for vertical storage of wine bottles, and in eight of the ten examples under discussion here, this unit is surrounded by four concave channels "with an hollow for bottles to lie on," as stated in


The question as to whether sex role stereotyping and sex bias is present in schools appears to be worthy of attention. Differential perceptions on the basis of sex are likely to have important consequences when the perceiver is a teacher and the person perceived is a student because of the power that teachers can have in shaping student's behaviour (Gunvitz and Dodge, 1975). Given the reciprocal nature of teacher-student interactions, the possibility that students may differentially perceive their teachers on the basis of sex is of equal importance.


This paper reviews continental/global land cover mapping projects and their methodologies with the focus on the Land Cover Working Group (LCWG) / Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS) project which completed its project and is distributing the 30-second land cover dataset of Asia from the author. Furthermore, the paper identifies necessary efforts for successful future continental/global land cover mapping.


Wax removing is an important procedure in pre-treatment of hardware electroplating. The primary components of wax removing agent were selected. The formula of a wax removing agent suitable for iron and steel article was gained as follows (mass fraction): oleic acid 25%-30%, diethanolamine 20%-25%, 6502 surfactant 12%-18%, solvent A 3%-8%, permeating agent B 3%-8%, other assistant 3%-8%, water 10%-20%. The performance between the home-made wax removing agent and that sold in market were compared. The results showed that the home-made wax removing agent has good wax removing properties. The production application proves that the wax removing agent can fully meet the requirements of modern electroplating production line.


At the beginning of upper secondary school (age 16), when pupils encounter changes in matter, they have to be able to recognise a chemical reaction. They must understand the underlying concepts, must know how to represent the phenomena and have a knowledge of the 'language' used to communicate the nature of what has happened. The Chemical Equation enables them to relate what is happening in the bulk situation with the underlying atomic and molecular changes. To do this requires a large measure of abstraction. We would be deceiving ourselves if we believed that pupils would be able to accomplish, without difficulty, an intellectual process, which took centuries for scientists to construct. In this article, the various stages of the historical development of the concepts implicit in the Chemical Equation will be set out and the consequent pupil difficulties will be analysed.. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract.: 2004, 5, 327-342]


In the last period satellite positioning technology practical monopolized the determination of the coordinates of the position for local geodetic network and in particular the position for the points of detail. There are new constellation of satellites and some supports were set up to improve accuracy determinations in absolute system (Based Augmentation). Air navigation system, marine or road are the main beneficiaries of these supports that provide better accuracy. By increasing the accuracy of determination also increases the level of safety that any navigation system it wants, but especially aviation system that supports high performance set .


in male, primarily immunocompetent patients transfused with D-mismatched platelets We have read with great interest several reports published in TRANSFUSION and other journals describing risks for anti-D development following D1 platelet (PLT) components administered to D2 individuals (Dmismatched transfusions). Despite these studies, however, there remains no clear consensus as to the best approach in managing a patient who has received D-mismatched PLTs. With this in mind, we undertook a study of D-alloimmunization following Dmismatched PLT transfusions at the VA Connecticut Healthcare System. This site has several unique attributes for such a study. Our facility is more than 90% men with a diverse patient mix. These factors substantially limit pregnancy-associated D-alloimmunization and allow for the potential inclusion of larger numbers of immunocompetent patients than in many previous studies. Furthermore, our site does not stock Rh immune globulin, excluding any possibility that prophylaxis was given to suppress anti-D formation. Finally, our hospital uses large numbers of whole blood–derived (WBD) PLT pools, compared to previous studies that mostly examined apheresis units. Therefore, we believe that our study should provide some novel insight into transfusion-associated Dalloimmunization following D-mismatched PLT administration and may help guide decision making regarding Rh immune globulin administration in this setting. Subjects were retrospectively identified from a database that included information about their D type and history of PLT transfusion from 2006 to 2016; 107 total patients received D-mismatched PLTs at our facility during that time frame. Inclusion further required that any D2 patient who received at least one D1 PLT dose have a follow-up antibody screen 15 or more days after receipt of their first Dmismatched transfusion. Patients meeting the above inclusion criteria had the following data collected: diagnosis at first PLT transfusion, total D1 PLTs received, component type, total screens following first D1 PLT, D1 plasma products received, and whether anti-D was detected. Patients were excluded if they had undergone a D-mismatched stem cell transplant, had a weak/partial D, made anti-D before receiving their first D-mismatched PLT, or received an Rh(D)1 RBC unit associated with anti-D formation. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were employed for statistical analysis; p< 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 53 subjects met inclusion criteria, receiving a mean 4.7 (median 5 1.0) D1 PLT doses (range, 195). WBD PLT pools (mean doses 5 3.1; median 5 1.0) were infused at a significantly higher rate than apheresis (mean doses 5 1.63; median 5 0.0) components (p< 0.0001). As detailed in Table 1, only one patient was noted to develop anti-D. This patient was infused a single WBD PLT and was not immunosuppressed; he was not exposed to D1 red blood cell (RBC) units at any time. Anti-D was detected in this patient approximately 6 weeks after his PLT transfusion, and the patient had six intervening negative antibody screens (performed approximately weekly between exposure and antibody detection), indicating that this was likely a primary alloimmunization event. Of note, the patient did receive D1 fresh frozen plasma at the time of mismatched PLT exposure, which has been reported (albeit rarely) to be associated with anti-D development. Overall, the rate of anti-D developed per transfused patient was 1.9% (1 of 53). The anti-D development rate per total transfused D-mismatched PLT products was 0.4% (1 of 250), and there was no significant difference in anti-D formation between WBD (1 of 163; 0.6%) and apheresis (0 of 87; 0%) components (two-tailed p 5 1.00). Because we found very low rates of anti-D development, and given the associated costs and potential risks of Rh immune globulin, we conclude that the routine administration of this product to prevent Dalloimmunization is not warranted for most patients. On the other hand, if confronted with a situation where a D-mismatched product was given to a woman of childbearing age, the fact that some minimal alloimmunization was observed would prompt us to provide Rh immune globulin prophylaxis to mitigate anti-D development. In light of our data, and results from other studies and papers, consideration could be given to eliminating Rh immune globulin provision for apheresis-related D-mismatches and limiting this strategy to WBD components only (even for women), consistent with recommendations of other authors. In summary, our analysis of D-alloimmunization following D-mismatched PLT transfusion in a population of male, primarily immunocompetent patients found very low rates of anti-D development, and routine use of Rh immune globulin does not appear warranted for our patient group, particularly for patients receiving apheresis PLT components. doi:10.1111/trf.14614


Frontogenesis refers to the change in the magnitude and orientation of the temperature gradient at a level or within a layer due to directional and speed changes in the wind field (e.g. convergence and divergence). Identification of frontogenetical regions is important, especially in the cool season, because these areas typically will have significant upward vertical motions and the potential for banded precipitation. The precipitation event of 28 October 2004 is used here to illustrate the importance of identifying frontogenesis during cool season events, as it appeared that frontogenesis may have played an important role in increasing precipitation rates and lowering snow levels faster than model solutions indicated, thereby leading to significant impact to the area.


The reason for this study is to examine critical factors and achievement variables during implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Package large number of organizations and associations. Over the world have been ERP execution critical factors and achievement variables are unsuitable and still remain low. In like manner, these issues have been investigated by various authorities wherever all through the world to perceive the essential critical factors and achievement variables. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) frameworks are turning out to be quickly crucial all together for huge and medium measured associations to run their operations. Accordingly, administration needs to know the components that drive effective ERP usage, a result of the nonstop communication between the execution specialists what's more, customer firms. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) package implementation is an unpredictable and dynamic process one that includes a blend of innovative and hierarchical collaborations. Regularly it is the biggest IT anticipates that an association has ever propelled and requires a common attack of framework and association. Idea of an ERP execution supporting business forms crosswise over various divisions in association is not a non specific inflexible and uniform process it is a striking one and relies on upon number of various components. Accordingly, the issues tending to the ERP execution prepares have been one of the significant worries in industry. In this way ERP execution handle gets significant consideration from specialists and researchers in its scholarly or industry papers. However, inquire about on ERP frameworks so far has been mostly centered on dissemination, utilize and affect issues. Less consideration has been given to the techniques/methodologies utilized amid the arrangement and the usage of ERP frameworks.


We report a new route to mitigate focal-ratio degradation (FRD) in multimode optical fiber links. Our approach uses a custom multicore fiber (MCF) with dissimilar cores, which is then tapered at both ends to form multimode cores and create mode-selective photonic lantern (PL) transitions. The cores of the MCF are single-moded at 1550 nm and sufficiently spaced such that there is no observable core-to-core cross talk after a 7 m fiber length. The mode-selective PLs at each end of the MCF, in combinations with the low core-to-core cross talk of the MCF at 1550 nm, ensure that the relative amount of power in each spatial mode is preserved throughout the fibre link. As such, a PL-MCF-PL link using this approach has the potential to be resistant to FRD by inhibiting the coupling of light from lower-order to higher-order modes. We show that the full PL-MCF-PL link exhibits lower FRD than a custom multimode fiber that guides the same number of modes. A study of how the FRD behavior of the PL-MCF-PL link varies as a function of wavelength indicates some bandwidth limitations due to the wavelength-dependent properties of the PLs and the cross coupling in the MCF.


The even‐odd staggering observed in the experimental fission‐fragment nuclear‐charge yields is investigated over a wide systematics of fission fragments measured at Lohengrin in direct kinematics and at GSI in inverse kinematics. The general increase of the even‐odd staggering in the fission‐fragment charge yields towards asymmetric charge splits is explained by the absorption of the unpaired nucleons by the heavy fragment. As a consequence, the well established trend of even‐odd staggering in the fission fragment charge yields to decrease with the fissility is attributed in part to the asymmetry evolution of the charge distribution. This interpretation is strongly supported by the data measured at GSI, which cover the complete charge distribution and include precise yields at symmetry. They reveal that the even‐odd effect around symmetry remains constant over a large range of fissility.


This paper concerns the problem of the multi-path classification in a multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. We propose a machine learning approach to achieve a blind multi-path classification in the uplink (UL) scheme of a multi-user massive MIMO system. Note that the "blind" term in our approach represents the achievement of the multi-path classification without different pilot sequences on different users, without prior channel state information (CSI) at each user, and without any exploiting the special properties of the received signal. Specifically, our approach consists of two phases. In the first phase, multiple users transmit communication-requests to the base station (BS) for message transmission. The BS only estimates the scaled large-scale path loss of each user, which is determined by the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and is independent of the number of multi-path. Then, the BS compares the difference of the scaled large-scale path loss between any two users. If the difference is sufficiently large, the BS notifies all users to permit their simultaneous message transmissions. However, if the difference is small, the BS notifies each user to slightly adjust their transmission power and then permits their simultaneous message transmissions as well. In the second phase, all users simultaneously transmit their messages using the same radio resource. Then the BS selects one predetermined constellation point from the received pilot symbols as the input of clustering algorithms. According to the clustering results, the BS classifies each multi-path into a specific user. The key intuition of our approach is that the clustering algorithms can generate multiple cluster centroids and each cluster centroid represents the average reception power of each user. Moreover, we use a weighted ensemble clustering algorithm to further improve the performance of our approach. We implemented our approach and conducted extensive performance comparison. Our experimental results show that, when the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is more than 13 dB, our approach with the weighted ensemble clustering algorithm can correctly classify all multi-path to the corresponding user and the output SNR can be improved by 3.2 dB, where we consider three users in an 8PSK system and each user possess 50 multi-path.


The paper describes a general and powerful method for dependence analysis in the presence of recursive data constructions. The particular analysis presented is for identifying partially dead recursive data, but the general framework for representing and manipulating recursive substructures applies to all dependence analyses. The method uses projections based on general regular free grammars extended with notions of live and dead, and defines the analysis as mutually recursive grammar transformers. To guarantee that the analysis terminates, we use carefully designed approximations. We describe how to approximate argument projections with grammars that can be computed without iterating and how to approximate resulting projections with a widening operation. We design an approximation operation that combines two grammars to give the most precise deterministic result possible. All grammar operations used in the analysis have efficient algorithms. The overall analysis yields significantly more precise results than other known methods.


We have so far devoted a series of articles to the IMPLADENT implant system, offered since 1992 by the Prague-based company Lasak s.r.o. (Ltd.) . This has focussed on the shortened dental arch , and edentulous jaws , presenting a three-year multicentric statistical analysis of a collection of 1264 implants . We now aim to consider the potential of this system for the single tooth replacement. We replace frontal teeth with dental implants far more frequently in the maxilla than in the mandible. This area is typical for high aesthetic demands concerning the quality of supraconstructions, generally limited bone availability, due to alveolar atrophy and extra-axial load on the implant. In lateral areas, we use implants in both jaws, in the area of molar teeth, mandible is predominant because the volume of alveolar bone available in maxilla is often considerably limited due to the maxillary antrum. The aesthetic aspect is much less important. The greatest problem is the risk of overloading the implant. Sometimes, it is recommended to use two implants under one crown, however, this is often impossible due to the gap length.


In the article look at actual aspects increase level of health for children and have owning habits and skill of health life.


There are many examples of non‐isomorphic pairs of finitely generated abstract groups that are elementarily equivalent. We show that the situation in the category of profinite groups is different. If two finitely generated profinite groups are elementarily equivalent (as abstract groups), then they are isomorphic. The proof applies a result of Nikolov and Segal which in turn relies on the classification of the finite simple groups. Our result does not hold if the profinite groups are not finitely generated. We give concrete examples of non‐isomorphic profinite groups which are elementarily equivalent.


We show that the thermal entanglement in a spin system using only magnetic-susceptibility measurements is restricted to the insulator materials. We develop a generalization of the thermal entanglement witness that allows us to get information about the system entanglement with variable local spin lengths that can be used experimentally in conductor or insulator materials. As an application, we study thermal entanglement for the half-filled Hubbard model for linear, square, and cubic clusters. We note that it is the itinerancy of electrons that favors the entanglement. Our results suggest a weak dependence between entanglement and external spin freedom degrees.


Hydrologic patterns are imprinted in the geologic record and play a prominent role in the investigations of Pangean climate. However, the hydrologic aspects of climate are complex: 1) many variables are required to analyze hydrology, 2) hydrologic processes act on spatial scales that are smaller than GCM grid spacing, and 3) observational data bases for calibrating modern climate simulations are few. This study, which uses a GCM to depict arid climates of the past and present, is designed to evaluate a variety of simulated hydrologic variables which are becoming increasingly available for paleoclimate model/data comparison studies. Simulations of the current climate show that there are quantifiable levels of precipitation (P), soil moisture, and surface runoff that delineate the locations of modern deserts. However, in a Pangean simulation, using the same model, the threshold values of these variables reveal disparate views of desert extent. Altered boundary conditions and atmospheric circulation can invalidate thresholds based on modern climatology. The credibility of these variables, thus, rests heavily on the accuracy of reconstructed boundary conditions. A more fundamental meteorological approach defines deserts as regions where the atmospheric demand for moisture (potential evapotranspiration, Ep) exceeds the supply (precipitation, P). GCM values of Ep are overestimated, thus simulated P-Ep fields are unusable. However, simulated Ep values can be derived independently using GCM-produced temperature values in empirically derived equations (ETp). Similar methods, using observed temperatures, are employed by atmospheric scientists to construct global and regional Ep data sets. The results of this study indicate Chandler 3 that P-ETp is more accurate than other individual variables for calculating moisture balance and is more useful for paleoclimate model/data comparisons because of its fundamental meteorological basis and lack of dependence on prescribed vegetation and soil conditions. Ultimately, hydrological misinterpretations can be avoided by understanding the limitations of GCM parameterizations and by strictly cross-checking variables with each other and with available paleoclimate data.


Summary A strain of Trypanosoma cruzi cultured from experimentally-infected guinea pig on N.N. medium was subcultured at various intervals on N.N. medium for 13 years without animal passage. At the end of this period the strain was found to be still capable of producing infection in experimental animals. The presence of Tr. cruzi was microscopically demonstrated in the circulating blood of 50% of the inoculated animals. However, cultures made from the heart blood of all the animals on N.N. medium were positive for Tr. cruzi.


Pseudolarix kamepferi belongs to Pinaceae family,and its root bark is known as "Tu Jin Pi" commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of skin diseases caused by microbial infection.The studies on chemical components and bioactivities of P.kamepferi since 1980 s were reviewed,and the main research orientation related to this tree species in the future was also discussed.


This work evaluates neutron-induced soft errors in an image classification all-convolutional neural network implemented on an SRAM-based FPGA. We compare two implementations, an open-source general-purpose softcore GPU programmed in OpenCL language and a dedicated convolution engine obtained by high-level synthesis coded in C language. Results from a 14.1 MeV neutron irradiation have shown that the HLS architecture presents better reliability than the CNN running on the softcore GPU, due to optimized resources, while also reducing in six times the execution time and in five times the power consumption.


The delivery service has emerged as one of promising business fields with the record of over 10 percent in annual growth rate since last decade. As a result, numerous delivery service companies have been established and they are striving to survive in fierce competition among each other to expand their own market share. Under these difficult circumstances, small and medium-sized companies (SMCs) in particular with relatively poor network infrastructure are faced with tougher situations, such as problems with reducing the cost and making efficient improvement using their logistics networks. Therefore, collaborative operation of SMCs may be one of a useful way to cope with these challenges. This study suggests a collaboration model to increase the competitiveness of every participating company through a monopoly of service centers and sharing of consolidation terminals. In addition, Shapley value and weighted Shapley value are applied as systematic methodologies for fair allocation of the profits to every each company based on a cooperative game theory. An illustrative example problem demonstrates the applicability and efficiency of the proposed model.


Research about the role of the library workers as a teacher in the
empowerment of the library as a learning resource in yaketunis special needs
school (SLB) Yogyakarta has the aims to formulate the role of library workers as
a teacher in the empowerment of the library as a resource of learning, and knows
the constraints that obstruct the role of the teacher as library workers. This
research use descriptive qualitative method. The collecting data method use
interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis in this study use the
theory of Matthew B. Milles and A. Michael Huberman by three steps (1) data
reduction, focusing on the theme of the research, (2) the display of the data,
exaplain based on observation, interviews, and documentation, and (3) a
conclusion, to conclude the results of analiysis after data analysis complete. The
data validity test in this study was done by four ways: credibility, transferability,
dependability, and confirmability. Results in this study conclude that the role of
the teacher as the library staff in the library as a learning resource empowerment
is closely related to the learning process between teacher and pupil. Teacher at
SLB / A Yaketunis act as mentors major for students considering students SLB/A
Yaketunis is with visual impairment. Teachers as libraries have a role in the
introduction of Libraries, Library Empowerment and Procurement Library
Collection.

Keywords: the role of the teacher as library staff, teachers SLB/A Yaketunis, library


When an early Lumi ere Company film set in French Indochina shows two white European women in the elaborate dress of the Edwardian period throwing coins to local children who busily pick them up, it's common today to hear that what we are really seeing there is "colonialism at work." As it stands, that utterance isn't wrong. The sins of colonialism were and are real. The mistake however is to conclude that this is all that we're seeing. For if this was indeed a "typical colonial film" those were also two particular women captured in a particular place at a particular time, and real children grabbing at the coins. Many of the Lumi ere films, as David MacDougall says, "are now profoundly moving glimpses of the past, as well as being important historical records" (158 and Fig. 12.1). Part of the attraction of early documentary was watching things that happened in the past as if they were happening in the present. MacDougall notes that an early genre of still photography was a cataloging of petits m etiers—and this attraction in photography with craftspeople, artists and other workers (later including industrial ones), along with people at play, has waxed and waned in different forms right down to the present. Film added a new dimension to such images: "the uncanny emanation of life being lived... the sensation that, like oneself, people elsewhere were experiencing their own lives" (160). Paradoxically, by use of mechanical means, film enabled the possibility of a strange but poignant kinship with others, with other vulnerable and ephemeral human beings and the settings they lived in—scenes that have long since passed. We might wonder about the individual fates of those children in Indochina, but we do know that they are dead. A kind of "spiritual wound" could be opened by film, a "new intimacy" that was both "painful and fascinating." This existential/magical dimension of film and our experience of it was something written about by diverse poets, novelists and other artists, and is still alive today in the best of writing on film. But in documentary it would soon be "softened and contained, by a system of quotation," MacDougall observes. Documentary films would begin to treat images "not as scenes of actual events but as cinematic illustrations of them." They would retreat from the present moment and begin approaching their subjects in "increasingly


This work is aimed at proposing improved lumped differential approaches for the solution of solute transport problems in porous media. The results obtained by the proposed technique were tested for a one-dimensional contaminant transport problem and compared against those obtained by a previously reported classical lumped differential solution. Numerical results obtained through a built in function from the MATHEMATICA software system are utilized to verify the proposed solutions in the cases of dispersion and advection dominated transport problems. Finally, a third example is chosen to show the behavior of the proposed approaches in the case of timedependent mass injection considering a possible leaching scenario.


We report molecular dynamics calculations of a Lennard-Jones fluid in a cylindrical pore. Following a temperature quench the fluid spontaneously phase-separates into a liquid-like region and a gas-like region. The two regions are separated by a hemispherical meniscus. The capillary condensation is located for two temperatures via a calculation of the chemical potential of the two-phase system. Coexistence disappears when the temperature is raised to kTϵ = 1·0, indicating the existence of a capillary critical point.


This paper provides a first comprehensive analysis of the determinants of UK banks' liquidity policy. We study both idiosyncratic and macro- determinants of banks' liquidity buffers. In particular, we investigate how central bank LOLR policy may affect banks' liquidity buffers. We find that the greater the potential support from the central bank in case of liquidity crises, the lower the liquidity buffer the banks hold. A second finding relates to the way liquidity buffers vary over the economic cycle: UK banks appear to pursue a counter-cyclical liquidity policy, with liquidity lower in upturns. In the spirit of Almeida et al (2004), we finally test whether countercyclical liquidity buffers might be the result of financial constraints on banks' lending policy and find support for this hypothesis. Using these findings the paper draws out a number of implications for banking regulation.


Questionaires are handed out about the employment guidance situation upon college students.In this paper,the exsiting problems in the employment of college students and the current employment guidance education are analyzed,and such countermeasures are put forward as outstanding the function and position of employment guidance,leading the undergraduates to establish right employment outlook,strengthening the discipline building of employment guidance,and achieving 3 changes,2 combination,and 1 improvement.


The immobilized enzymes are extensively used in the industrial and analytical practices. The efficiency of the processes they catalyse is highly dependent on their kinetic behaviour, which differs from that of the free enzymes and which is not fully investigated. Hence, the objective of this work was to evaluate the main kinetic parameters of the reactions, catalysed by two immobilized enzymes: tyrosinase and organophosphorus hydrolase. These enzymes are frequently used in electrochemical biosensors for environmental pollutants determination. An appropriate electrochemical approach was applied, performing the measurements under enzyme kinetics control and analysing the results in accordance to the model of Shu and Wilson. It was demonstrated that catechol (KM app= 5.46 mmol L-1) presents greater affinity to the immobilized tyrosinase, than phenol (KM app=9.65 mmol L-1). The affinity to the immobilized organophosphorus hydrolase of its substrates decreased in the order: methyl parathion (KM app=248.12 μmol L-1), parathion (KM app=250.92 μmol L-1), paraoxon (KM app= 425.08 μmol L-1). The sensitivity of the quantitative determinations increased with KM app decrease. The presented work provides new and additional information on the catalytic properties and kinetic behaviour of the immobilized enzymes tyrosinase and organophosphorus hydrolase, especially. DOI: 10.29011/BBOA-118.100018 Introduction The immobilized enzymes are defined as "Enzymes physically confined at or localized in a certain region or space with retention of their catalytic activity and which can be used repeatedly and continuously" [1]. Enzyme immobilization offers such significant advantages as extended use due to enzyme stabilization, localization of the interaction, efficient control of the reaction parameters, and prevention of the products contamination, among other [2]. Owing these characteristics, the immobilized enzymes found numerous industrial and analytical applications [3-8]. However, enzyme structure modifications during enzyme immobilization, as well as the appearance of steric, partition, micro-environmental, and diffusion hindrances affect the kinetic properties of the enzyme reactions [9]. The kinetic behaviour of the immobilized enzymes used as a recognition element in the electrochemical biosensors was firstly theoretically described by Blaedel et al. [10], which consider a simple idealized enzyme system. The model they suggested was validated treating the potentiometric response of a urease electrode. The catalytic properties of the immobilized enzymes as a part of the stationary amperometric sensors were modelled by Mell and Maloy [11]. They predict the steady-state current response of the biosensor applying digital simulation under kinetic and diffusion reaction control, respectively. Nevertheless, since the boundary conditions to describe the mass transport to stationary electrodes are not well defined, their application to investigate the kinetic behaviour of the immobilized enzymes is limited. More noteworthy kinetic model was suggested by Shu and Wilson [12], taking advantage of the well-known convection diffusion behaviour of the rotating disk electrode. Nowadays, the convection diffusion equation (Eq. 1) and the enzyme kinetic equation (Eq. 2) they Citation: Stoytcheva M, Zlatev R, Velkova Z, Gochev V, Montero G, et al. (2018) Electrochemical Studies on the Kinetic Behavior of Some Immobilized Enzymes. Biosens Bioelectron Open Acc: BBOA-118. DOI: 10.29011/BBOA-118.100018 2 Volume 2018; Issue 01 propose are commonly used to describe the kinetics of the enzyme reactions applying electrochemical biosensors:


A progressive approach of indusmal system specification is an important designing job. The introduction of general concepts, which include typical constraints of Automated Systems (e.g. operating modes, topology, coordination...), will help the designer in the understanding of user requirements, giving a global view of them. The refinement of this first model, with the use of an elementary notion (i.e. the Entity), will allow the designer to organize precisely user functions and informations, and will help the verification of completeness and consistancy. To build up this model, the use of criteria adapted to Automated System constraints is the key of a succesful and well suited specification model. At last, the internal specification of entity in terms of generic (i.e. general) functions and informations introduces a way of specification validation, and generalizes the proposed model which is then adapted to every kind of systems.


Aim: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen for hepatocyte grown in vitro, and its expression is up-regulated during liver regeneration. EGF also plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression. The goal of this study is to assess whether EGF is associated with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and also whether it is a predictive factor of shortened survival. Methods: Serum EGF levels were evaluated in a total of 151 subjects: 51 patients with unresectable HCC, (21 of them were eligible for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and serum EGF levels were measured before and 1 week after TACE), 40 patients with chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis, 40 patients with cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls. Patient demographic and laboratory variables were evaluated as predictive factors of survival in a Cox regression multivariate analysis using SPSS software. Results: The mean serum level of EGF in patients with HCC was 784.49 pg/mL, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than all other groups. Mean EGF level in cirrhotic patients was 144.69 pg/mL; in those with chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis, it was 338.64 pg/mL; and in healthy controls, it was 297.15 pg/mL. In group Ia patients who underwent TACE, the mean serum level of EGF was 759.76 ± 287.88 pg/mL before TACE, and 801.14 ± 276.12 pg/mL 1 week after treatment (P = 0.34). On multivariate Cox regression analysis only age (P = 0.03) and higher serum EGF level (P = 0.005), were inversely correlated with overall survival. Conclusion: EGF levels were found to be significantly higher in HCC patients and together with age were the only predictors of poor survival in these patients. There was an increase in EGF levels 1 week after TACE in response to hypoxia; however, this increase was not statistically significant.


For any positive integer n and any fixed integer k1,M.Bencze defined two Smarandache Summands functions S(n,k) and AS(n,k).Then he asked us to study the arithmetical properties of these two functions.The main purpose of this paper is using the properties of the Gauss function and the elementary method to study the mean value properties of S(n,k) and AS(n,k),and give two interesting asymptotic formulae for them.


Up to the end of 1959, 244 patients, with a total of 249 spinal tumors, had undergone surgery in the Neurologic Institute of Milan (Istituto neurologico di Milano, Italy). The growths were examined histologically, with the exception of 19 endomedullary gliomas, in which decompression was carried out, but no biopsy was done. From this series, we have excluded the cases of medullary compression consequent upon primary or metastatic vertebral tumors, as well as angiomas of the spinal cord, since these are vascular malformations. In our material, the frequency of the latter (21 examples) among the total of spinal tumors was over 8 per cent, more than twice the figures given by Wyburn-Mason (23) and by Therkelsen (18). Spinal tumors occurred about equally in the two sexes: 128 in men and 116 in women. If 6 cases of Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis in which the medullary involvement was generalized are excluded, the remaining 243 tumors were distributed as follows: The thoracic spine was the most frequent sit...


Alexander D. Campbell. The Life and Works of Robert Baillie (1602-1662): Politics, Religion and Record-Keeping in the British Civil Wars. St. Andrews Studies in Scottish History. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer, 2017. Pp. 259. ISBN: 978-1-78327-184-9. USD $120.00.


Technologic competence is in many branches an essential instrument of competition. Its implementation, however, has to face the problem that the aim of an enterprise is to be successful in the market by selling products and systems, technology as such usually does not sell. It is up to the management to convert technologic know-how and ability into profit for the enterprise. The author tries to explain how this is done in an environment of market economy by analysing the philosophy of enterprises run according to the principles of market economy


The scope of the research is to discuss re-engineering strategic management based on justice to be limited by factors of strategic vision, mission, strategies, tactics, and efforts in relation to the values of God, humanity, unity of Indonesia or nationalism, democracy or democracy, and social justice or mutual cooperation. This research is limited by the management of social justice for all Indonesians through openness, togetherness, harmony, and tolerance. Furthermore, this research is limited by research locations in Jakarta and surrounding areas at the time of the study, which was 1-30 June 2020. Considering that there is a positive and significant influence on the re-engineering of the Organization business based on social justice values on the value of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy from the results of the field data tabulation it can be concluded that the influence of the social justice variable as an Organization business on other variables is significant at the 1 percent level, it is recommended that the Organization implement social re-engineering in the management of the Organization's strategy.


PRACE-5IP WP7 T7.2 organised a mini-workshop on Preparing for PRACE Exascale Systems on June 1, 2017 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Germany. This paper discusses the objectives, talks, and outcomes of the workshop.


Predicting the effects of material aging in view of development of intergranular damage is of particular importance in a number of nuclear installations and especially in structural integrity assessments for critical components in energy generating power plants. In 2007 a bilateral research project between Jozef Stefan Institute and Materials Performance Centre of The University of Manchester started. The main purpose is to develop improved models that represent the effects of microstructure on crack growth kinetics, described by the influence of grain size, shape, crystal orientation and grain boundary structure. The University of Manchester partners have pioneered unique techniques for 3D in-situ observation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking with 3D characterisation of microstructures. The Jožef Stefan Institute partners have developed advanced 2D models of transgranular cracking of microstructure where size, shape and orientation of grains are explicitly modeled. We are now in the process of further developing these models and expanding modelling capabilities to 3D. The presented work reports on the latest efforts pertaining to the above research project.


Following the recently published report from England and Wales [1], we report a 60% reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in Luxembourg in 2005 compared with the average annual number of cases in the period 2000-2004


9053Background: While osimertinib showed impressive efficacy and safety profile in 1st-line setting for EGFR mutation-positive (EGFR M+) NSCLC patients, there are no standard targeted therapy follo...


The nondestructive evaluation of nickel titanium (Ni‐Ti) alloys for applications such as heat treatment for biomaterials applications (dental) and welding was investigated. Ni‐Ti alloys and its ternary alloys are valued for mechanical properties in addition to the shape memory effect. Two analytical approaches were perused in this work. Assessment of the microstructure of the alloy that determines the martensitic start temperature (Ms) of Ni‐Ti alloy as a function of heat treatment, and secondly, an attempt to evaluate a Friction Stir Welding, which involves thermo‐mechanical processing of the alloy.


A series of linear functionalized polyorganosiloxanes of the type Me3SiO[MeSiO(CH2)nR]x(Me2SiO)ySiMe3, where n = 2, R = —(CH2)NMe2; n = 1, R = —(CH2)OEt; n = 4, R = —(CH2)COOEt; n = 3, R = —(CH2)Me, have been prepared and characterized. Functional group loadings of ∼4 mol % (x = 1, y = 25), ∼11 mol % (x = 3, y = 23), and ∼30 mol % (x = 8, y = 18) were obtained by reacting commercially available copolymers Me3SiO(MeSi{H} O)x(Me2SiO)ySiMe3 with the appropriate ratios ofx:y, with the required quantities of HO(CH2)nR, using dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II) as catalyst. Amine, ether, ester, and alkyl functionalized siloxanes were obtained in good yields after purification, and each fluid polymer has been characterized by 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral measurements, elemental analysis, viscosity, surface tension, and density measurements. The functionalized polymers exhibit Newtonian behavior over the range of shear rates 0.4–79.4 s−1, and significant viscosity enhancements were observed for all functionalized polymers compared with poly(dimethylsiloxane) fluids of similar chain lengths. The functionalized siloxanes exhibited in almost all cases an increase in both viscosity and density as the functional group loading increased. The surface tensions of the polymers have also been determined and lie within the range 18.8–22.3 mN m−1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 808–817, 2001


A comparison of the impact of additional central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) on the behaviour of the tungsten (W) density in the core of H-mode plasmas heated with neutral beam injection (NBI) is performed in ASDEX Upgrade. Both localized and broad profiles of the power density of the ECRH have been obtained, where broad profiles reproduce the profile shape of the ICRH power density, which is applied with a hydrogen minority heating scheme. In contrast to ECRH, which produces direct electron heating only, ICRH eventually heats both electrons and ions in almost equal fractions. It is found that both additional RF heating systems reduce the peaking of the W density profile with increasing central RF heating power. Approximately the same values of W density peaking are obtained when the same values of electron heating are produced by the two RF heating systems, which implies that less total heating power is required with ECRH than with ICRH to reduce the W density peaking. A related modelling activity shows that an important ingredient to explain the experimentally observed trend is the variation of the turbulent W diffusion as a function of the electron to ion heat flux ratio. Additional effects are connected with the more favorable W neoclassical transport convection in the presence of ICRH, produced by the combination of stronger central ion temperature gradients and the impact of the H minority on the W poloidal density asymmetry.


1 An overview of Risa/Asir Risa/Asir is a tool for performing various computations in mathematics and engineering applications. The development of Risa/Asir started in 1989 at FUJITSU and now the source code is also available at no cost. Currently, Kobe distribution is the most active branch in the development of Risa/Asir. Risa/Asir is characterized as follows: 1. An environment for large scale and efficient polynomial computation. Risa/Asir consists of the Risa engine for performing operations on mathematical objects and an interpreter for programs written in the Asir user language. In Risa/Asir, polynomials are represented in two different internal forms: the recursive representation and the distributed representation. Polynomial factorization and GCD are based on the former representation, and computations related to the Gröbner basis are based on the latter representation. Ground fields of polynomial rings can be composed of The field of rationals, algebraic number fields and finite fields are available as ground fields of polynomial rings. 2. A platform for parallel and distributed computation. In order to combine mathematical software systems, we previously proposed the OpenXM (Open Message eXchange for Mathematics) protocol. Risa/Asir acts as both an OpenXM client and an OpenXM server. The Risa/Asir OpenXM client API provides a way to call functions in external OpenXM servers. Using multiple Risa/Asir OpenXM servers, one can perform parallel and distributed computation in an attempt to achieve linear speedup. Conversely, other OpenXM clients can call functions in the Risa/Asir server. 3. Open source software. The source code of Risa/Asir is completely open, and algorithms and implementations can be verified if necessary. The addition of new codes is simple. * This article is a summary of two papers[1][2].


Hydrosilylation is a reaction widely used in the silicones industry for the preparation of monomers, containing silicon-carbon bonds, and for crosslinking polymers, and results in a variety of products. Hydrosilylation reactions are catalysed by highly active platinum catalysts, such as the silicone-soluble Karstedt's catalyst, which is prepared by the reaction of chloroplatinic acid, H,PtCl,, with vinyl-silicon containing compounds, such as diuinyltetramethyldisiloxane, Af'iVf. Inhibitors are widely used during hydrosilylation reactions to prevent premature crosslinking of polymers at ambient temperature, but permit rapid platinum-mediated crosslinking reactions at higher temperatures. Platinum colloids are formed at the end of the reaction and were identvied by analysis. This paper discusses the mechanism of the hydrosilylation reaction, catalyst formation, characterisation, the effects of inhibitors and the range and complexity of the end products.


Metasurface holography has been well studied due to its features that are superior to the traditional holographic technologies. However, high profiles of the reflection‐ and transmission‐type configurations in the metasurface holography restrict its applications. On the other hand, digital coding metasurfaces have received great attention recently because they build a link between the information theory and surface electromagnetic fields, which also bring new viewpoint and convenience for digital computational holography. Here, a real low‐profile holographic method is proposed using a leaky‐type 2‐bit coding Fabry–Perot metasurface with in‐plane feeding in the microwave frequency. For constructing the metasurface hologram, the weighted Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is presented to modulate the energy proportion of focal points by adjusting the phase distribution. As proof of concept, some typical metasurface holograms are demonstrated in microwave experiments at the height of 35 mm (≈3 wavelengths), which show good agreement with theoretical analyses and full‐wave simulations. The design method can be easily extended to the millimeter wave and terahertz bands.


Leaf wetness and weather forecasts were important inputs in a warning system developed previously for lettuce downy mildew in coastal California. To improve the predictive ability of this warning system, reliability of weather and leaf wetness forecasts were evaluated. Weather forecasts from two commercial companies were compared with weather data measured in or near commercial lettuce fields during 1994-1998, at several different locations in coastal California. Measured leaf wetness data were compared with forecasts by company A. and by a dew simulation model using weather forecasts of company B or measured weather data (except cloud cover) as inputs of the model. When forecast and observed weather data pooled over 24 h were compared, the forecasts appeared to be accurate, but when data were analyzed hourly, forecasts had large errors during early morning hours, which coincided with the critical period for infection by the pathogen. Correspondingly, both company A and the dew simulation model frequently gave incorrect leaf wetness forecasts during morning and evening hours although incorrect forecasts were rare from Pacific standard time 10:00 to 17:00 and 00:00 to 06:00. Weather and leaf wetness forecasts were generally better for the Salinas Valley than for the Santa Maria Valley. The errors in weather forecasts and the innate weaknesses in the dew simulation model might have resulted in the inaccuracy in leaf wetness forecasts. This, in turn, led to errors in warnings of downy mildew infection by the previous system.


Motivation: The ability to extend a language with new syntactic forms is a powerful tool. A sufficiently flexible macro system allows programmers to build from a common base towards a language designed specifically for their problem domain. However, macro facilities that are integrated, capable, and at the same time simple enough to be widely used have been limited to the Lisp family of languages to date. In this project we introduce a macro facility, called the Java Syntactic Extender (JSE) [1], with the superior power and ease of use of Lisp macro systems, but for Java, a language with a more conventional algebraic syntax. The design is based on the Dylan macro system, but exploits Java's compilation model to offer a full procedural macro engine. In other words, syntax expanders may be implemented in, and so use all the facilities of, the full Java language.


Scientific education is strongly based on laboratory activities, but today laboratories are radically different with respect to their 20th century precursors. Computer technologies, digital networks and on line learning platforms are exploited increasingly in order to publish teaching materials, course calendars, class news and to support on line discussions, assignments and reviews even for face to face classes. Laboratory activities are not well integrated in this scenario yet, remaining mostly face to face. The ability to design, implement, use and evaluate effective learning objects to support online laboratories is essential to prepare the next generation of scientists, engineers, mathematicians and technicians. In this scenario the paper discusses the results of our experience in designing and delivering learning objects for online lab activities with U-Portal (a Moodle-like platform) and with MicroNet (our web enabled electron microscope) in the framework of an Italian e-learning initiative for high school teachers.


The thermopower and the thermomagnetic power at low temperatures (4.5 to 77 K) is investigated in AsxSb1-x (x ⩽ 0.3) alloys. Peculiarities of the thermopower are observed, which are associated with the dragging of electrons by phonons. In magnetic fields B > 5 T the Shubnikovde Haas type quantum oscillation of the thermomagnetic power is displaid. It is established, that the AsxSb1-x (x ⩽ 0.2) alloys are semimetals, and the overlapping of the energy extrema of L electrons and H holes increases, when arsenic is added to alloys.

[Russian Text Ignored]


ABSTRACT FlowFETs consisting of drain-source contacts to liquids in microfluidic channels and an isolated gate electrode are shown to generate and control the electro-osmotic fluid flow (EOF) [1,2]. Here we use flowFETs to analyze the ionic content of channel fluids by performing flowFET gate conductance spectroscopy and drain-source current measurements at different gate voltages. The field effect modulates both the ion mobility and density in the active part of the channel enabling the flowFET to differentiate between different ions through their contributions to the drain current. Compared to ion-selective electrodes, a flowFET is faster and does not have any ion-selective "fixed" membranes. In a sense, the gate region in the flowFETs can be viewed as a programmable membrane with its selectivity programmed by the gate potential. Here, for the first time we discuss the operation principles of flowFETs as general-purpose electro-chemical microfluidic sensor. Figure 1 shows the flowFET used in our studies. Its fabrication process and operation characteristics are given in [1]. The device has a 20-μm high, 200-μm wide main channel. The gate electrode was formed by electroplating nickel through a 20-μm thick photoresist mold. The mold had 10 openings, 10-μm wide, 100-pin long, separated by 10-μm. The structure was over electroplated so that grown pillars with mushroom structures forming closed channels forming 20-μm high, 10-μm wide 10 parallel channels. The electroplated channel array structure is conformally coated with 0.5-μm thick parylene [1]. The measured gate capacitance was around 2pF at 100 KHz. The gate voltage modulates the zeta potential of the fluid in the microchannel. But not all ions in the fluid are affected in a similar manner. This forms the operation principle of using the flowFET as a ion-sensitive device. Figure 2 shows the IDS-VDS of the flowFET with DI water, different concentrations of NaCl, CuSO4 and AgNO3. We will describe the theory of operation and sensitivity, selectivity, response of flowFET sensors.


We address the problem of estimating the particle distribution in the suspension flow near solid walls which is of considerable interested in science and technology. The present paper focuses on the methodology that can be used to study the dynamics of moving particles. A statistical-mechanics based analytical model is developed for the particle concentration distributions (Eulerian approach). The performance of this approach is compared with a standard force balance model on moving particles that treats particles as a discrete phase (Lagrangian approach). The attractive properties of these approaches are demonstrated in the simulation of a gas-solid suspension flow above solid surfaces with a rebound effect. Results shows that our model can effectively predict particle concentration distributions and both approaches are complementary descriptions for simulating aerosol flows.


Introduction T paper is an update of AlAA Papers 85-4029 presented in October 1985, at the AIAA/AHS/ASEE Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and 86-2607 presented at the AIAA Aviation Technology Conference Meeting held in September 1986, in Anaheim, California. These papers started with the generally accepted assumption that the general aviation industry's economic health followed the economy, at least since World War II. During the early 1980's, the economy turned down, and general aviation sales also turned down. However, now the economy has recovered and general aviation sales have not. The 1985 paper examined this in a limited way and assessed the cost effectiveness of the general aviation aircraft. A significant drop in general aviation cost effectiveness was identified and some causes examined. Since the economy has been in a state of recovery for at least three years [as shown by both an increase in gross national product (GNP) and the leveling of inflation], if the general aviation industry truly followed the economy, at least some level of sales recovery would have happened by now. Since sales continue to slide, it appears that some factor(s) has taken over. To see if this is the case, several factors have been investigated. Figure 1 is a plot of total unit sales since 1946. Figure 2 is the same plot with some trend lines added. From about 1947 through 1965, a trend line reflecting a growth rate of 10%/yr has been fitted. This growth rate again shows up in the 1970-1979 time period. Considering the 30-yr span of 19491979, a 6% growth rate is more representative. Extending the time frame through 1985 reduces the overall growth trend to 3%. Even a return to the 3% line would obviously be beneficial in the near future. Figure 3 is the unit sales chart again with the GNP overlaid. The GNP is shown in both "Then Year $" curves and corrected for inflation by dividing by the consumer price index (CPI). Neither GNP curve matches the general aviation (GA) unit curve very well as the "Then Year $" curve shows an 8% growth with no dips. The corrected curve shows a 4% growth rate with only minor dips. It is probably incorrect to compare GNP in dollars to aircraft unit sales, so Fig. 4 shows total sales in dollars for general aviation. Again, the "Then Year $" curve and inflation-corrected "$" curve are plotted. Figure 5 shows the same plot with trend lines, and the "Then Year $" plot from


Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is an important pulse crop of family Leguminaceae and ranks third in the global farming. Chickpea was orginated from west Asia and now it is cultivated in 55 countries of the world. Worldwide it is grown on an area of 13.5 million ha with an annual production of more than 13 million tonnes. It is an important crop of Indian sub-continent that usually contributes more than 66 per cent in terms of global production, while Pakistan ranks 7 th


A new approach is presented based on (quadratic) transformation theory, for hadronic (Lie-isotopic) generalizations of the Lie-algebraic structures of Heisenberg's equation of motion in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and the Dirac equation in relativistic quantum mechanics, which are currently used in physical theories of pointlike particles, so as to make them suitable for the description of extended deformable quark-antiquark and three-quark hadron systems without, at the same time, generalizing the physical laws. In nonrelativistic physics (superconductivity), where such a generalization represents the structure of existing theory in the strong-coupling limit, no new result is obtained except insofar as the frequently used analogy between the superconductor and the string model of mesons is elucidated mathematically. The Lie-isotopic and Lie-admissible generalizations of the Lorentz transformation in Einstein's special relativity theory show that the real-time O(3,1) and the imaginary-time O(4) metrics are physically distinguishable, in the sense that interference between the two representations leads to the time asymmetry and rotational asymmetry predicted in the past by Santilli: these asymmetries are images of Einstein's time dilatation and Lorentz contraction in the conventional linear (Lorentz-transformation) theory, in which the O(3,1) and O(4) metrics are indistinguishable.


The meeting of Brezhnev and Nixon in Moscow in May 1972 became a turning point in the history of the Cold War, closing an era of tensions and uncertainties. Starting the so-called era of detente between the United States and the USSR, it also launched a genuine cultural turnabout which can be traced in public and private speeches. This cultural turnabout was to end the traditional representation of America in the media. Long awaited and prepared by certain political agents and institutions, as well as numerous representatives of the Soviet propaganda machine, it failed to realize the hopes of the proponents. The gap between the state and society remained and even amplified; contradictions between the expectations of both parties were too numerous. Detente was then destined to fail.


Objective To explore the clinical value of susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI)to the detection of cerebral micro-hemorrhage in hypertensiion.Methods 62 cases with a history of hypertension longer than 2years were examined with MRI using T1 WI,T2WI,T2-FLAIR and SWI sequences.The sensitivity to detect cerebral micro-hemorrhage and the number of foci were compared between SWI and three other conventional sequences,respectively.Results SWI sequence detected cerebral micro-hemorrhage in 46 patients detection rate(46/62=74.19%);T2-FLAIR sequence detected micro-hemorrhage in 21 cases,whose detection rate(21/62=33.87%)was significantly lower than that of SWI chi-square test(χ2=20.29,P 0.01);T1WI detected micro-hemorrhage in 10 cases,whose detection rate(10/62=16.13%)was also lower that of SWI(χ2=39.88,P0.01);T2WI detected micro-hemorrhage in 12 cases,whose detection rate(12/62=19.35%)was also lower than that of SWI(χ2=35.46,P0.01).The number of micro-hemorrhage lesions detected by SWI,T2F-LAIR,T1 WI,T2WI was 496,192,126 and 138,repectively.Conclusion SWI is more sensitive in the detection of micro hemorrhagic lesions than other three conventional sequences.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the consolidation freezing temperature of the polishing abrasive, which freezes at a temperature logger using radio transmission modules with the interior of the polishing pad for the fixed abrasive frozen inside the freezing temperature of the polishing pad was measured, obtaining the temperature inside the freezing of the polishing pad, with the temperature of the radio wave signal generator is mounted on the cold radio receiving module, then transmitted to the signal processing module outputs the temperature signal to the microcomputer so as to control the blowing cold air generator operating. On the wall of the cold air generator has an air outlet opening, the outlet lumen in communication with a polishing machine, thereby can control the temperature of frozen fixed abrasive. By freezing fixed abrasive intelligent control temperature, the rate of melting frozen polishing pad can be effectively controlled, to avoid waste abrasive, to ensure the effectiveness of the fixed abrasive polishing pad frozen in the polishing time, thereby reducing the polishing frozen mat production costs and achieve energy savings.


This article discusses the National Homeland Security Research Center, created in September 2002 by the US Environmental Protection Agency to manage, coordinate, and support a variety of homeland security research and technical assistance efforts. Research at the center is focused on protecting the nation's buildings (the Safe Buildings Program), protecting the nation's water supplies and systems (the Water Security Program), and improving risk assessment techniques (the Rapid Risk Assessment Program). These three programs are designed to address chemical, biological, and ‐ where water is concerned ‐ radiological threats and deliberate attacks including infrastructure protection.


In this study, the doping impact of indium (In) on the actual properties of CdO at different content of (1, 2, and 3 wt% In) was discussed. The samples were prepared utilizing the spray pyrolysis method. The structural, topographical, and optical properties were characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV-Vis, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface topography was discussed by utilizing AFM analysis. Results display that the average diameter appears to be dependent on the indium content. The particle size was decreased from 78.05 to 65.77 nm when In content was increased from 0% to 3%. It is found that the roughness of the film was decreased to 3.03 nm via increasing In content to 3%. Also, the band gap of prepared samples were studied and compared. Results revealed that the value of band gap is decreasing via doping indium. The band gap of bare CdO, 1%In-CdO, and 3%In-CdO were determined 2.63, 2.54, and 2.46 respectively.


Sanitary fitting (1), at least comprising a first housing portion (2) and a second housing portion (3), which are movably arranged to each other, wherein the first housing portion (2) together with the second housing portion (3) has an electrical sensor (6). Specifically, an electrically conductive and at the same sealing coupling member (7) between the housing sections (2, 3), wherein further between the first housing portion (2) and the second housing section (3), an electrically conductive coupling member (7) is provided, and the coupling member (7) comprises an electrically conductive plastic.


Describes a method for disrupting a standard, commercially available, nonlinear electronic system. In particular, we show how, with relatively little knowledge of the commercial system design, an in-band signal can be determined which will disrupt the operation of the circuit. Our approach is based on a nonlinear analysis of the most susceptible subsystem in the circuit. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results are reported to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.


We present a multi-modal optical diagnostic approach utilizing a combined use of Fluorescence Intravital Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering for in vivo functional imaging of tumor vascular network and blood microcirculation. Fluorescence Intravital Microscopy is used for imaging of tumor and tumor surroundings, whereas Dynamic Light Scattering is applied for imaging of vascular network and blood microcirculation. The obtained results demonstrate that presented multi-modal imaging approach has a great potential in vascular biology and can significantly expand the capabilities of tumor angiogenesis studies and notably contribute to the development of cancer treatment.


Although pulsed-laser atom probe tomography (APT) has been successfully applied to 3D imaging of insulated samples in recent years [1], it has been hypothesized that sufficient field evaporation can be achieved in pulsed-voltage APT given the presence of a thin, conductive layer on the specimen [2]. The aim of this study is to explore a new route of applying nanoscale metallic coating to facilitate pulsedvoltage APT imaging of insulated samples, which can then be applied to applications in various fields including biomaterials and cell biology.


The reduction of the power losses in the sideband radiation of directive time-modulated linear arrays is addressed. The approach is based on the optimisation of the pulse sequence modulating the static excitations of the array elements to exploit pattern multiplication effects such that the sideband level of the harmonic pattern term related to the array factor is balanced by the element pattern distribution. A set of representative numerical results is reported and discussed to illustrate the potentialities and the limitations of the proposed approach.


The radial variation of the selected physical and mechanical properties of Norway spruce (Picea
abies (L.) H. Karst) wood from the provenance area in Głuchów. Spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) H.
Karst) is one of the main species used in building constructions. Due to the wide occurrence,
it is important to test various origins and in this way select those with the best material
properties. Wood was obtained from one habitat from a provenance experimental area in
Głuchów from 40-year-old trees. For the study, trees from three different origins were
selected: Nowe Ramuki, Bliżyn and Rycerka Praszywka II (origin from respectively northern,
central and southern Poland - seedlings came from these places). Spruce wood from Bliżyn,
which is the closest to the proven research area in Głuchów, reached the highest average
values in all studied traits (density, ultrasonic wave velocity, dynamic and static modulus of
elasticity and static bending strength) and was characterized by the highest variability of these
features. Regardless of the origin, the above-mentioned features of the wood showed a clear
upward trend going from the pith to the to the side of the trunk.


Objective
To investigate the effect of PX and GDX on dopaminergic neurons of mesencephalon in Parkinson's disease model rats.

Methods
Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: NS, N+ 6-OHDA, PX+ 6-OHDA, GDX+ 6-OHDA and PX+ GDX+ 6-OHDA group; 16 rats in each group. 60 days after operation, 6-OHDA was injected into SNc and VTA in the right side of the mesencephalon. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed. HE staining was used to observe the proliferation of glial cells. The number of astrocytes was observed by GFAP staining. The number of apoptotic cells was observed by TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemical staining (S-P Method) was used to detect the changes of TH-positive cells and fiber, apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl2.

Results
(1) The numbers of proliferated glial cells in SNc and VTA were significantly increased according to the following sequence: NS, N+ 6-OHDA, PX+ 6-OHDA, GDX+ 6-OHDA, and PX+ GDX+ 6-OHDA (HE staining: Hc=280.178, P<0.01; Hc=334.260, P<0.01) (GFAP staining: Hc=367.081, P<0.01; Hc=376.049, P<0.01). (2) The numbers of apoptotic cells in SNc and VTA were significantly increased according to the following sequence: NS, N+ 6-OHDA, PX+ 6-OHDA, GDX+ 6-OHDA, and PX+ GDX+ 6-OHDA (Hc=344.401, P<0.01; Hc=326.198, P<0.01). (3) The numbers of TH (+ ) cells in SNc and VTA were significantly decreased according to the following sequence: NS, N+ 6-OHDA, PX+ 6-OHDA, GDX+ 6-OHDA, and PX+ GDX+ 6-OHDA (Hc=366.532, P<0.01; Hc=372.565, P<0.01). (4) The gray values of TH(+ ) positive cells and fiber in SNc and VTA were significantly increased according to the following sequence: NS, N+ 6-OHDA, PX+ 6-OHDA, GDX+ 6-OHDA and PX+ GDX+ 6-OHDA (F=517.239, P<0.01; F=526.758, P<0.01). (5) Bax expression: weakly positive in NS group, positive in N+ 6-OHDA group, and strongly positive in remaining three groups; Bcl2 expression: weakly positive in each group.

Conclusion
PX and GDX significantly aggravate neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA.And GDX is greater than PX, while PX + GDX is strongest.

Key words:
Pinealectomy; Gonadectomy; 6-hydroxydopamine; Substantia nigra pars compacta; Ventral tegumental area


In the long-term observation of geomagnetic field, the levelness of coil vector magnetometer will affect the measurement of magnetic direction. Therefore, we propose an electrical detection method of instrument non-levelness, which realizes the quantitative calculation of non-levelness by measuring the maximum and minimum values of the resultant magnetic field during detection. Then, a horizontal error model of coil vector magnetometer is constructed, and the mapping from instrument non-levelness to declination measurement error can be realized by vector operation. The results show that when the non-levelness of the instrument is less than 10", the measurement of magnetic declination variation deviates from the real value by 3.4%; When the non-levelness of the instrument is less than 20", the measurement of magnetic declination variation deviates from the real value by 13.5%.


This study examined the effects of two instructional strategies (self-paced text-based instruction (TBI) and self-paced computer-based instruction (CBI)) and gender on students' motivation for schooling, performance-based self-concept, reference-based self-concept, sense of control over performance, instructional mastery, and attitudes toward computers in an alternative high school in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. A total of seventy students in both settings participated in this study. Students completed two questionnaires, the School Attitude Measure (SAM) and the Computer Attitude Scale for Secondary Students (CASS). The two surveys were each taken at the beginning, the pretest, and taken again five months later, the post-test. A total of eighty-five items were in the SAM instrument and forty items in the CASS instruments. In addition, the researcher interviewed fourteen students at the beginning of the study and nine students at the end of the study. The researcher spent fourteen days, four mornings, six afternoons, and four full days observing the students' behavior and the school environment. The ANOVA revealed significant differences for instructional strategies in five areas out of six, four on the SAM and one on the CASS in the favor of the CBI. The ANOVA also revealed a significant difference for strategy by gender interaction for students' attitudes toward computers. Male students scored higher than females in the CBI, but females scored higher in the TBI. The conclusion derived from this study was that the school had a positive influence on students' attitude and perceptions. The above-mentioned results for all participants in the two settings were consistent with the results of the interviews and the results obtained from the observations. One implication of this study is that replication with a larger sample in different alternative schools may give a better description of the effect of the self-paced computer-based instruction on students' attitudes. Also, a longer observation period and a larger sample of interviewed students can provide more insight into the school environment.


This paper provides a scientometric review of ecosystem service value (ESV) by co-citations and keywords burst of CiteSpace based on 9306 articles from Web of Science (WoS) core collection, the conclusions as below: It is found that the footprint of ESV research is accompanied by the uncertainty and challenges contribute to the assessment of ESV. 1) the analysis shows that the scholars are more focus on 'Culture ecosystem service', 'benefit transfer', 'sustainable development', 'pollination', 'wetland' based on co-citation burst. 2) The hot footprint in the ESV research is 'spatial analysis', 'cultural ESV', 'pollination service', 'highlighting hydrologic service', and 'formulaic expert method' based on keyword burst; 3) the trend of research status of ESV is from static to dynamic methods with lower uncertainty; 4) the investigations that related to cultural ESV contribute significantly to the challenge in the ESV research. As can be seen, the development of CSV measurement due to the uncertainties and challenges in the methods of measurement, although some significant progress has been made in CSV, it is critical to make more effort to develop models and methods of assessment about ESV.


This paper reports that the three-dimensional compound parabolic concentrator (3-D CPC), a surface of revolution formed by rotating the 2-D CPC plane profile curve about its axis of symmetry, comes very close to achieving the maximum permissible geometric concentrator factor, given by: C = (D[sub 1]d[sub 2])[sup 2] = 1 sin[sup 2][theta][sub max] where d[sub 1] and d[sub 2] are the entrance and exit diameter, and [theta][sub max] is the half angle of maximum bean divergence. 3-D CPCs can be used as secondary elements to augment the concentration, relax optical tolerances and increase design flexibility of primary solar concentrators. Practical considerations sometimes demand the manufacture of a truncated cone, or compound cones, as a substitute to the 3-D CPC. Such a segmented approximation to the exact profile of the CPC has been previously investigated for the two-dimensional case. Transmission-angel curves, i.e., percentage of parallel rays, uniformly distributed over the entry aperture area, that reach the exit aperture area, were calculated for 3-D CPCs and for right circular cones.


Despite some disadvantages, regarding the limited accuracy, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in monitoring of long-span bridges. This paper is concerned with the analysis of the capabilities and limitations of the use of the GPS technology in monitoring of semi-static and dynamic vertical responses of a highway steel cable-stayed bridge excited by traffic loads. The field test was conducted on the Maxau Rhine Bridge, located over the Rhine River near Karlsruhe, Germany. The so-called baseline method with the Post-Processing mode was applied using two units Leica Viva GS15. The basic characteristics of the GPS background noise before and after filtering were examined in the time and frequency domain. The natural frequencies of the bridge were extracted based on the vertical dynamic displacements recorded in the mid-span of the bridge using GPS and accelerometer. It was shown that the GPS receivers were able to measure only two primary modal frequencies of the bridge. The obtained experimental results proved that the GPS system is an efficient tool in measuring the vertical semi-static displacements of the bridge with satisfactory accuracy. Moreover, GPS is capable of tracking the vertical vibrations of long-period bridges to a few millimeters.


The buying and management of insurance for an airline has a crucial role in protecting the company's asset base. This issue is explored with reference to the case of a medium-size airline for whom a major uninsured accident could destroy the company's capital base and put it out of business. Thus the handling of insurance is a key management issue. In particular, the paper addresses some critical outlets in insurance management, such as the role of the insurance manager, the relationships with the broker and some technical aspects that are integral parts of the day-by-day decision making process.


Buildings consume about 40% of the global energy. Building energy consumption is affected by multiple factors, including building physical properties, performance of the mechanical system, and occupants' activities. The prediction of building energy consumption is very complicated in actual practice. Accurate and fast prediction of the building energy consumption is very important in building design optimization and sustainable energy development. This paper evaluates 24 energy consumption models for 83 houses in Oshawa, Canada. The energy consumption, social and demographic information of the occupants, and the physical properties of the houses were collected through smart metering, a phone survey, and an energy audit. A total of 63 variables were determined, and based on the variable importance, three groups with different numbers of variables were selected, i.e., 26, 12, and 6 for electricity consumption; and 26, 13, and 6 for gas consumption. A total of eight data-driven algorithms, namely Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Stepwise Regression (SR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFN), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), and Exhaustive CHAID (ECHAID), were used to develop energy prediction models. The results show that the BPNN model has the best accuracies in predicting both the annual electricity consumption and gas consumption, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 0.94% and 0.94% for training and validation data for electricity consumption, and 2.63% and 0.16% for gas consumption, respectively.


For a number of years I have observed a symptom in paralysis agitans that is not recorded in the literature. For the want of a better term, I have ventured to call it the "cog-wheel" resistance of the extremities. This is suggested by the use of such terms as "lead-pipe" and "waxy" flexibility. These terms describe a resistance which is felt where there is impaired motility in passive movements of the extremities. The term "cogwheel" is proposed as in a certain sense descriptive of a jerky or intermittent resistance of the extremities, when the sign is looked for. It is elicited by the examiner grasping the wrist with one hand and steadying the arm with the other, above the elbow. Rapid flexion and extension of the arm is made. Instead of an even movement, without resistance, when there is no involvement of motility, one, two or, perhaps, three slight hindrances


Modern economic growth theory think that technological progress is an important source and power of economic growth, and the production of knowledge department can promote the technological progress, and influence actual economy finally. Granger influence relation test result shows that scientific research of our country have no significantly influence on economic growth rate. On the contrary, economic growth rate have remarkable Granger influence on the capital input of scientific research. This study reveals that serious blocking exists on the conduction mechanism transforms scientific research into actual economy at present. So, it should be an comparatively important task of the long-term in our country to transform scientific findings into realistic economy.


The invention discloses a method for realizing wireless network access based on a geographic information system by a terminal, comprising: a terminal stores the information of various wireless access points, wherein the information at least comprises the position information and the coverage area information of various wireless access points; if the terminal judges that the wireless access points are in the coverage area of some wireless access point according to the current detected position information, the terminal initiates a registration process or a switching process to the wireless access point to be accessed into the wireless network. The terminal for realizing wireless network access based on a geographic information system comprises a positioning module, a geographic information system module, a communication control module and a wireless communication module. After the invention is adopted, operators can use the feedback information of the terminal to optimize the coverage range of each wireless access point, and the terminal can initiate the registration process or the switching process to the legal wireless access point according to the local geographic information system, thus increasing switching timeliness, reducing unnecessary switching, and reducing terminal power consumption.


BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to validate the performance of algorithm (http://rcnn.modelderm.com) for the diagnosis of benign and malignant skin tumors. METHODS: With external validation dataset (43 disorders; 40,435 clinical images from 10,450 patients; January 1, 2008 - March 31, 2019), we compared the prediction of algorithm with the clinical diagnosis of 65 attending physicians at the time of biopsy request. RESULTS: For binary-task classification of determining malignancy, the AUC of the algorithm was 0.863(95% CI 0.852-0.875) with unprocessed clinical photographs. The sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value/negative predictive value of the algorithm at the predefined high-sensitivity and high-specificity threshold were 79.1%(76.8-81.3)/77.0%(76.1-77.8)/31.3%(30.3-32.3)/96.5%(96.2-96.9) and 62.6%(59.9-65.2)/90.0%(89.4-90.6)/45.3%(43.5-47.2)/94.8%(94.4-95.1), respectively. The sensitivity/specificity calculated by the clinical diagnosis of attending physicians were 88.1%/83.8% (Top-3) and 70.2%/95.6% (Top-1), which were superior to the algorithm. For multi-task classification, the mean Top-1,2,3 accuracies of the algorithm were 42.6{+/-}20.7%, 56.1{+/-}22.8%, 61.9{+/-}22.9%, and those of clinical diagnosis were 65.4{+/-}17.7%, 73.9{+/-}16.6%, 74.7{+/-}16.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the algorithm was lower than that of dermatologists in real practice. Not only image information, but also clinical information should be integrated for more accurate prediction.


Huangchuan started to return farm land to forests in 2002,the area of afforestation is nine thousand hektares,during increasing precipitation、derating the damage of hailstone and hoarfrost、purifying water resource、preserving water and soil、protecting against the wind and sand、 preventing air pollution、protecting and beautifying environment,the economic benefit and the social benefit are all quite evident.


The given scientific work is devoted to the research of the actual question concerning the legal grounds and the effectiveness of non-titular possession, as a proper legal phenomenon, and the design of the socially expected result – the revitalization of material turnover as an element of building a market society. Different aspects of the essence of the powers of the unlawful actual owner are analyzed. The legal position of the owner is determined, when the transfer of property is stipulated by the contract, but such fulfillment does not take place, the possibility of applying the legal regime of detention of another's property to such cases is clarified. Substantial changes to the current Ukrainian legislation are proposed, which exclude the mixing of material and binding mechanisms for regulating relations regarding the non-titular maintenance of another's property.
The article investigates the content of the concept of illegal possession as a phenomenon that characterizes the possession of a thing by a person who illegally seized it from the owner or title holder, or otherwise acquired, without having proper grounds for this acquisition. The criteria for the division of such ownership into good faith and bad faith are defined. A specific interpretation of these legal definitions is provided. The author's position on the necessity of narrowing the doctrinal definition of an unscrupulous illegal owner is substantiated. It should not extend to cases where the acquirer first legally obtained the property (for example, by deed), but then the specified grounds ceased and it was not returned, and cover only a circle of purely material relations, such as theft or other seizure of property out of will. the owner. In other words, when the legal protection of the infringed property is possible in material ways, such as vindication. The article also analyzes the issue of determining the title of property belonging to one person but located in another. Such an analysis identifies a key problem: whether such possession is subject to legal protection, and if so, at what point, in what manner and on what grounds it should occur. The paper concludes that there is a legal basis in modern Ukrainian civil law for non-titular possession of someone else's thing that needs further regulation.


With regard to intestinal parasitosis, caused by lack of sanitation, poor survival and
so many other factors in the social, political and economic. In this context, the
incidence of parasitic diseases has mainly affected children. Intestinal parasites
cause adverse health effects, impairing cognitive function and pathology evident.
Thus it is important to rethink the problems experienced by current society, promoting
the integration of educational activities that promote the efficient guidance for quality
of life, health, well being of individuals based on the intervention of public health
policies still fall short because to curtail the population's lack of basic structure
necessary for the survival of the citizen, as well as improve care in hospitals and
clinics to which the infected individual is treated and thus prevents other people from
being contaminated. So this intervention project proposes creating the deployment of
educational activities for the control of schistosomiasis in the municipality of Cabo de
Santo Agostinho, promoting a discussion about the association of educational and
commitment of public health policies in an attempt to reduce the incidence of this
disease to promote a better quality of life.


Everyone interested in Austrian economics owes a great debt to the editors of this vast collection of articles by Israel Kirzner. Two themes are commented on here: 1) the value-free nature of economics, and 2) the gap between the Kirznerian account of the entrepreneur and the causal realist view of Salerno and Klein. On the second theme, it appears that Kirzner may have come closer to Rothbard's view that capitalist entrepreneurs appraise profit-making opportunities in the face of an uncertain future.


Many developing countries adopt policies to attract FDI, hoping multinational firms yield knowledge spillovers and raise the productivity of domestic firms. This study identifies positive local productivity spillovers from FDI, employing discontinuous increases in investment from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan (HMT) to mainland China at the geographical borders of Chinese linguistic dialect zones. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I find that the share of HMT firms in a location inside a region that speaks the same dialect as HMT is 5-7 percentage points (20 percent) higher than a location just outside. Using this discontinuous increase in HMT investment across the dialect borders as exogenous variation, I find positive local horizontal productivity spillovers to domestic firms, especially in industries where HMT firms are more productive. A 1 percentage point increase in the HMT firm share raises the productivity of domestic firms in the same location and industry by 1 to 2 percent.


A flow-through interconnection network microsystem is described. It is part of a parallel SIMD graphics architecture called Cube in which the network interconnects between n pairs of processors and memories. No two accesses involve the same memory or processor and their is an uniform communication distance among the processors. The interconnection network is based on a modular and VLSI implemented barrel switch (BS) unit, which provides modularity and flexibility of the entire network. A rotate distance of up to 16 processor-memory pairs is performed in a flow-through manner in a single machine cycle. Structurally, the BS is organized in a simple and repetitive pattern of junction elements and connection paths, extendable in its overall length and its data width, and suited for VLSI implementation.<<ETX>>