Density of states and absorption spectrum of narrow quantum wells containing a small number of free electrons and subject to a high magnetic field are calculated numerically. The effect of an additional, second electron on the photoexcited electron–hole pair is analyzed. In density of states, the exciton–electron interaction fills the gaps between the Landau levels and yields additional discrete peaks corresponding to bound trions. In absorption, interaction with the additional free electron has no effect on the position or intensity of the main sequence of excitonic peaks. However, it gives rise to additional weaker trion peaks, both in the lowest and higher Landau levels.


This is an introduction to an edited volume, Access to Knowledge in the Age of Intellectual Property (Zone Press, 2010. It's aim is to describe and analyze the conceptual stakes of the new mobilization around A2K. A2K groups contest the terrain of intellectual property law (for example, around issues of access to medicines, free software, farmers' rights to seeds, and free culture) - but what do they have in common? The chapter elaborates on concepts that A2K thinkers use - such as the commons, openness, and access - to challenge the conventional justification for strong intellectual property law. It closes by posing a series of theoretical questions for the movement, like, what is the nature of the freedom that A2K demands?


In Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry, ''Primary decomposition'' is well-known as a fundamental and important tool. Although algorithms for primary decomposition have been studied by many researchers, the development of fast algorithms still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we devise an algorithm for ''Strong Intermediate Primary Decomposition" via maximal independent sets by using modular techniques. In the algorithm, we utilize double ideal quotients to check whether a candidate from modular computations is an intersection of prime divisors or not. As an application, we can compute the set of associated prime divisors from the strong intermediate prime decomposition. In a naive computational experiment, we see the effectiveness of our methods.


Provision of traffic information to drivers around bottleneck by Light Emitting Diode (LED) information board has been expected as a new congestion antidote which will mitigate congestions in the normal sections of expressways with considerably low costs. It has already been reported that LED sign car may increase congested flow rate as the result of guiding drivers to accelerate their speeds during congestion. The study aims to verify the effect of LED information board to increase the bottleneck capacity during congestion as well as the maximum flow rate before congestion. As the result of the survey, it is shown that through provision of dynamic traffic information of congestion via LED information board will increase the congested flow rate at the bottleneck. However, it is difficult to show a clear increase of the maximum flow rate before congestion.


In the title compound, [Co(C13H14N2)2(H2O)4](C10H6O6S2)·H2O, the CoII ion, which lies on a centre of symmetry, is coordinated by two N atoms from two 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane (dpp) ligands and four aqua O atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry. Two C atoms of the flexible –CH2CH2CH2– spacer in the dpp ligand are disordered over two positions. The 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate dianion, which lies about an inversion centre, does not coordinate to the CoII ion but balances the charge. The cations, anions and water molecules are connected by a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.


Ten soybean varieties were cultivated to know the varietal differences of lodging patterns of soybean plants under three different plant populations in two growing seasons in 1981. Lodging plant percentage was increased in higher plant populations and lodging responses to plant populations were different between soybean varieties. Lodging plant percentage was also increased by the growth of soybean plant and the patterns of lodging development along with the growth stages could be classified into four types by the varieties used, relatively lwoer iodging plant percentage from early to later growth stage but high in late and relatively high in middle stage but low in later stage. Williams, indeterminate type, and Kang-lim, determinate type, showed resistance to lodging under six different cultural practices, but Jang-yeop-kong, Dan-yeop-kong and Hwang-keum-kong showed resistance to lodging under specific cultural conditions among ten varieties used. Most of the plants lodged showed main stem bending in parts above first stem node in higher plant population and lodging resistant varieties showed lower frequency of stem bending lodging compared with those of lodging susceptible varieties.


Binaural hearing aids communicate with each other through a wireless link for synchronization. An analytical propagation model is useful to estimate the ear-to-ear link loss for such binaural hearing aids. This paper presents an analytical model for the deterministic component of the ear-to-ear link loss. The model takes into account the dominant paths having most of the power of the creeping wave from the transceiver in one ear to the transceiver in the other ear, and the effect of the protruding part of the outer ear, called pinna. Simulations are done to validate the model using in-the-ear placement of antennas at 2.45 GHz on numerical heterogeneous phantoms of different age-groups and head sizes showing a good agreement with the model. The ear-to-ear link loss for a numerical homogeneous specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) phantom is compared with a numerical heterogeneous phantom. The loss for the SAM phantom is found to be 30 dB lower than that for the heterogeneous phantom. It is shown that the absence of the pinna and the lossless shell in the SAM phantom underestimate the link loss. The effect of the pinnas is verified through measurements on a phantom where we have included the pinnas fabricated by 3-D printing.


STUDY DESIGN
Pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the acceptability and preliminary safety and outcome effects of an early self-directed home exercise program (HEP) performed within the first six weeks after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Little is known regarding optimal postoperative management after ACDF.

METHODS
Thirty patients (mean ± SD age = 50.6 ± 11.0 years, 16 females) undergoing ACDF were randomized to receive an early HEP (n = 15) or usual care (n = 15). The early HEP was a 6-week self-directed program with weekly supportive telephone calls to reduce pain and improve activity. Treatment acceptability was assessed after the intervention period (6 weeks after surgery). Safety (adverse events, radiographic fusion, revision surgery) was determined at routine postoperative visits. Disability (Neck Disability Index), pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale for neck and arm pain), physical and mental health (SF-12), and opioid use were assessed preoperatively, and at 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months after surgery by an evaluator blinded to group assignment.

RESULTS
Participants reported high levels of acceptability and no serious adverse events with the early HEP. No difference in fusion rate was observed between groups (p > 0.05) and no participants underwent revision surgery. The early self-directed HEP group reported lower 6-week neck pain than the usual care group (F = 3.3, p = 0.04, r2 = 0.3, mean difference = -1.7 [-3.4; -0.05]) and lower proportion of individuals (13% vs. 47%) using opioids at 12 months (p = 0.05). No other between-group outcome differences were observed (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
An early self-directed HEP program was acceptable to patients and has the potential to be safely administered to patients immediately after ACDF. Benefits were noted for short-term neck pain and long-term opioid utilization. However, larger trials are needed to confirm safety with standardized and long-term radiograph assessment and treatment efficacy.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2.


Background and purpose: Postoperative chemotherapy targets the metastatic cancer in the remaining lymph nodes, but the heterogeneity in multidrug resistance(MDR) of metastatic cancer cells is a main factor affecting chemotherapeutic efficacy. Recent studies only examined the primary lesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). There is no report about heterogeneity between the primary tumor and metastases lymph node. The purpose of this study was to explore the heterogenous expression and clinical significance of multidrug resistance(MDR) associated proteins in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in patients with thoracic ESCC. Methods: The expressions of lung cancer associated resistance protein(LRP), P-glycoprotein(P-gp), topoisomeraseⅡ(TOPO-Ⅱ), thymidylate synthase(TS), glutathione S-transferase-π(GST-π) were examined by immunohistochemistry in primary lesions and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes in 54 patients with thoracic ESCC. The differences between expression of primary lesions and matched metastatic lymph nodes were compared and analyzed in relationship with tissue differentiation degree. Results: The discordant rates of the expression and drug resistance between primary lesions and corresponding metastatic lymph nodes in LRP, P-gp, TS, TOPO-Ⅱ and GST-π were 63.0% and 26.9%, 42.6% and 22.2%, 48.1% and 25.9%, 50.0% and 29.6%, 18.5% and 1.9% respectively. The expression of LRP showedsignificant difference between the primary tumors and lymph nodes(P=0.026). No significant differences were found for the other four proteins, and GST-π was expressed in all patients in both the primary tumors and lymph nodes. Protein expression was not associated with degree of differentiation. Conclusion: There is evident of heterogenous expression of MDR associated proteins in metastatic lymph nodes compared to the primary tumors of ESCC. The examination of expression levels of MDR associated proteins in metastatic lymph nodes is helpful to select the postoperative rational chemotherapy plan.


We report on a target of opportunity program to study GRB afterglows based on observations with the Calar Alto 3.5-m telescope equipped with the near-infrared camera Omega Cass.


It is known that oncogenic viruses (V. Defendi et al., J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 66:351, 1965; G. Yerganian et al., Cytogenetics 1:314, 1962), chemical carcinogens (W. J. Burdette, Cancer Res. 15:201, 1955), and ionizing radiation (L. J. Cole, Science 150:1782, 1965) are capable of inducing chromosomal aberrations. If there were a direct relationship between chromosomal derangements on one hand and carcinogenesis on the other, it is possible that measles (W. W. Nichols, Am. J. Human Genet. 18:81, 1966) and other common viruses (H. F. Stich et al., Virology 22:439, 1964) which have recently been found to produce chromosomal lesions may, under certain circumstances, prove oncogenic. Although efforts to demonstrate, in the newborn Syrian hamster, a tumorigenic effect after inoculation of several ordinary viruses of human origin have yielded negative results (A. J. Girardi et al., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 118:173, 1965), effects in vitro of prolonged interaction between any such agent and appropriate cell systems remain to be determined. Under these conditions, neoplastic cell transformation, which is absent or imperceptible in the animal because of inhibitory host factors, might occur. Results of experiments employing cells derived from embryonic Syrian hamsters and measles virus are presented. The "Edmonston" strain (J. F. Enders et al., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 86:277, 1954) of measles virus was employed. Infectivity titer of the stock virus was 103 24 TCID5o/0.1 ml as determined in human renal cells. Syrian hamster embryo cell cultures were prepared as previously described (G. Th. Diamandopoulos et al., Am. J. Pathol. 49:397, 1966). Serial cell passages from primary virus-inoculated and uninoculated control cultures (Table 1) were initiated between the 2nd and 3rd months after exposure to measles virus. The control lines thus established were utilized also in transformation experiments with simian virus 40 (SV40), earlier results of which have been published (G. Th. Diamandopoulos et al., Am. J. Pathol. 49:397. 1966). Cell suspensions (108 cells) of measles-infected and control lines were tested for oncogenic potential in cheek pouches of weanling Syrian hamsters. Morphological evidence of the persistence of measles virus in primary Syrian hamster embryo cells was obtained consistently, and was confirmed by isolation of the agent in human amnion cell cultures. It was also found that the initial cellular cytopathic effect was followed by the occurrence of an invariable cell regrowth and the development of a virus-carrier state. In this state there was always a proportion of cells that would interact with the virus in a cytocidal manner. Sublines that were developed, although they showed persistence of the infection, exhibited gradual decrease in their cytopathic effect. There was also reduction in the amounts of infectious measles virus produced, as evidenced by the low infectivity titers of supernatant fluids from these cultures when tested in primary human amnion cells. It appears (Table 1) that measles virus plays no decisive role in the in vitro malignant neoplastic transformation of the small proportion of measles-infected lines that eventually developed oncogenic properties. This conclusion is based on the fact that the acquisition of oncogenic potential did not take place in any one of the measlesexposed lines as late as 10 months after initiation of the cell cultures. One line was proven oncogenic in two out of six animals at 15 months and in six out of six animals 5 months later. Another line produced tumors in three out of six animals at 20 months. One of the control lines also became oncogenic in all six animals tested at 25 months. From experience based on the results with known oncogenic viruses, any in vitro neoplastic transformation that is virusdependent usually takes place as early as 1 to 2 months (V. Defendi et al., J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 66:351, 1965; H. M. Shein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 49:28, 1963). Moreover, neither the sections of any one of the tumors, all of which were sarcomas, nor the tumor cells grown in vitro showed morphological or serological evidence of the persistence of measles virus; neither did they carry any recognizable measles-related cellular antigens, as is usually the case with known oncogenic viruses (F. Rapp et al., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 116:1131, 1964; K. K. Takemoto et al., Science 153:1122, 1966).


Stigma is a dehumanizing process, a method of shaming and blaming that is embedded in our beliefs about who does and does not have value within society. In Lazy, Crazy, and Disgusting, medical anthropologists Alexandra Brewis and Amber Wutich explore another side of the issue: the startling fact that well-intentioned public health campaigns can create new and sometimes damaging stigma, even when they are successful. Brewis and Wutich present a novel, synthetic argument about how stigmas act as a massive driver of global disease and suffering, killing or sickening billions every year. They focus on three of the most complex, difficult-to-fix global health efforts: bringing sanitation to all, treating mental illness, and preventing obesity. They explain how and why humans so readily stigmatize, how this derails ongoing public health efforts, and why this process invariably hurts people who are already at risk. They also explore how new stigmas enter global health so easily and consider why destigmatization is so very difficult. Finally, the book offers potential solutions that may be able to prevent, challenge, and fix stigma. Stigma elimination, Brewis and Wutich conclude, must be recognized as a necessary and core component of all global health efforts. Drawing on the authors' keen observations and decades of fieldwork, Lazy, Crazy, and Disgusting combines a wide array of ethnographic evidence from around the globe to demonstrate conclusively how stigma undermines global health's basic goals to create both health and justice.

Koleksi tersedia dalam bentuk elektronik. Jika membutuhkan, dapat menghubungi pustakawan melalui email perpustakaan[at]komnasham.go.id dan/atau perpustakaankomnasham[at]gmail.com


CNx thin films were prepared using low pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition,and then bombarded by low-energy N2^+.The compositions before and after N2^+ bombardment were compared using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electron field emission characteristics of CNx thin films before and after N2^+ bombardment were studied under the pressure of 10^-6pa.For the samples,the turn-on emission field decreased from 2.5V/μm to 1.2V/μm while the stable current density increased from 0.5mA/cm^2 to a value larger than 1mA/cm^2 before and after the bombardment.Our results illustrate that the field emission characteristics were improved after the bombardment of N2^+.


Micro-molds play an important role in the manufacturing process of polymeric micro-devices, e.g. microfluidic devices, as they determine the product quality and the overall production cost. We report here the applicability of a large-deformation, high-temperature, isotropic elastic-viscoplasticity model for the prediction of micron-scale hot-embossing of AA6061. The material parameters in the constitutive model were determined by fitting the stress–strain curves from compression tests at various temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive theory was implemented in a finite element program, and the numerical simulation capability was validated by predicting the response of AA6061 in some representative macro-scale experiments; these experiments had not been used for the determination of the material parameters in the constitutive model. Additional micron-scale hot-embossing experiments on AA6061 were conducted, and by comparing the numerical simulation results to the corresponding physical experiments, we demonstrate that the deformation evolution of AA6061 during micro-hot-embossing is well predicted. The constitutive model and its numerical implementation open the possibility of optimizing the process of making micro-molds for microfluidic devices from AA6061.


In non-strict functional programming languages such as Haskell, it happens often that some parts of a program are not evaluated because their values are not demanded. In practice, those unevaluated parts are often replaced by a placeholder (e.g. ) in order to keep the trace size smaller. In the process of algorithmic debugging, one needs to answer several questions in order to locate a program fault. Replacing unevaluated parts makes these questions shorter and semantically clearer. In this paper, we present a formal model of tracing in which unevaluated parts are replaced by the symbol . The most important property, the correctness of algorithmic debugging, is proved.


In this paper we propose the use of 3D Virtual Worlds for the visualization of Electronic Institutions. We show how 3D representation helps to open Electronic Institutions to human users and support co-learning between autonomous agents and humans.


Abstract : The report summarizes research involving the generation of divalent carbon intermediate through alpha-elimination from organometallic precursors. The compounds formed are the result of addition of dihalocarbenes across double bonds and insertion reactions into carbon-hydrogen, tin-tin, tin-halogen, silicon-carbon, silicon-mercury, and carbon-mercury bonds. (Author)


In this work, the effect of introducing next nearest neighbor (NNN) hopping to the 2D materials was studied using the graphene 2D honeycomb two sublattice as an example. It is found that introducing NNN to the 2D materials removes the symmetry around the Fermi level and shifts it, at a small value of NNN hopping. This effect increases with increasing NNN hopping. If the NNN hopping becomes competitive with nearest neighbor (NN) hopping, the dispersion relations of the 2D materials changes completely from NN hopping dispersion relations. The results show that the 2D material sensitivity for NNN hopping effect is much larger in the 2D honeycomb lattice than 2D square lattice. This is due to the fact that the number of NNN sites is equal to six, which is the double of NN sites in the 2D honeycomb lattice. Meanwhile, the number of NNN sites is equal to four which is equal to NN sites in 2D square lattice. We therefore conclude that by changing the ratio between NNN and NN sites in the 2D lattice one can tune the sensitivity for NNN hopping effects.


Following recent work in which events which may correspond to a bound tetraneutron (4n) were observed, it is pointed out that from the theoretical perspective the two-body nucleon–nucleon (NN) force cannot by itself bind four neutrons, even if it could bind a dineutron. Unrealistic modifications of the NN force or introduction of unreaslistic four-nucleon force would be needed in order to bind the tetraneutron. The existence of other multineutron systems is discussed.


The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of heterocyclic compounds, and particularly discloses a preparation method of 5-chlorothienyl-2-carboxylic acid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving the raw material 5-chloro-2-acetylthiophene in acetone, dropwisely adding a potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution at 0-10 DEG C during reaction, dropwisely adding a sodium chlorite water solution during reaction, and oxidizing at 20-30 DEG C to obtain the 5-chlorothienyl-2-carboxylic acid. The method has the advantages of mild operating conditions, high controllability, short reaction steps, high yield and no pollution, and is suitable for industrial production.


In this paper, co-authored with young people from Team Future, a youth-led campaign associated with Manchester charity RECLAIM, we provide insights into the recent EU referendum result in the UK and the process of decision-making according to young people. Reports following the vote for Brexit largely focused on the intergenerational differences in voting and the (distributional) injustices enacted by current generations in voting against the will of future generations. However, we argue that there were other forms of injustice at work. We start with the case for critiquing the referendum not only according to the outcome but also as a process, as an example of procedural injustice. We then go on to explore the purpose of Team Future for addressing this injustice, a campaign focused on political education for all and of a bold, ethical and hopeful politics of Brexit and beyond.


The present invention provides a registration device, it is possible in the event of an unexpected interruption of the log, to avoid losing the correct ID code. After registration device (11a + 11b) a processor (11b) according to the ID code management data (ID5) is written to the invalid ID code storage region (65), and performing the encoding of the ID (ID5) writing updating said management data so as to store the ID code has the (ID5) of the invalid ID code storage region (65) is set to valid. After writing the ID code (ID5), all in the ID code storage region (61-65) there are stored the ID code (ID5) of the case, the processor (11b) to update the management data, so that the addition is stored ID code storage region (61) other than the invalid ID code storage region (65) of said ID code (ID5) becomes invalid.


Mature seeds of many crop species contain substantial amounts of soluble carbohydrates, including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and cyclitol galactosides (Gal-C). These substances are hydrolysed by α-D-galactosidase (EC 22.214.171.124) during the early stages of germination, providing metabolic energy for the germination process. A decrease or inhibition of α-D-galactosidase activity can significantly reduce the germination rate. This study aimed to investigate changes in α-D-galactosidase activity during the long-term storage of Vicia hirsuta seeds and evaluate the association between the loss of enzyme activity and the decline in seed vigour and viability. V. hirsuta seeds were stored at 22 °C and 35% relative humidity for up to 25 years, and α-D-galactosidase activity and seed vigour changes were monitored at different time points. Storage of V. hirsuta seeds resulted in a loss of viability and vigour, accompanied by a decrease in α-D-galactosidase activity. The enzyme activity showed a significant correlation with seed germinability and vigour. Monitoring α-D-galactosidase activity in seeds subjected to long-term storage could be a simple and rapid method for determining the decline in vigour in seeds that utilize soluble galactosides as their storage materials.


The electronic structures in pure and Mg-doped LiFePO4 were studied by density functional theory(DFT) based on general gradient approximation(GGA).The results show that Fe—O covalent bond is clearly weaker than P—O covalent bond.The valence and conduction bands around the Fermi level in total DOS are mainly due to the 3d electrons of Fe.Compared with the band gap of 0.56 eV in pure LiFePO4,the dopant possesses a small band gap of 0.397 eV,and the red shift appears after doping,which indicates that the impurities Mg increases electronic conductivity of LiFePO4.


Excerpt Lobar pneumonia may be considered to be an infectious (usually pneumococcic) lobar atelectasis of the lung. The work of Coryllos and Birnbaum1and others has strengthened this conception of ...


We describe a method for the manufacturing of metallic lattices with tunable properties through the reversible assembly of building block elements, which we call discrete metal lattice assembly (DMLA). These structures can have sub-millimeter scale features on millimeter scale parts used to assemble structures spanning tens of centimeters, comparable to those currently made with Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). However, unlike traditional additive manufacturing (AM) methods, the use of discrete assembly affords a number of benefits, such as extensible, incremental construction and being repairable and reconfigurable. We show this method results in large scale (tens of centimeters), ultralight (<10 kg/m effective density) lattices which are currently not possible with state of the art additive manufacturing techniques. The lattice geometry used here is a combination of two geometries with quadratic property scaling, resulting in a novel lattice with sub-quadratic scaling. INTRODUCTION Recently much interest has been shown in the use of lattice geometries to design novel meta-materials, which can be understood as interconnected networks of struts and nodes, with unique and desirable mechanical properties when considered as a bulk material. These structures get their properties from their base materials, their geometry, and their density [1]. They are also well suited for space and aviation applications due to high stiffness and strength to weight ratios. While the analytical description of these structures, known as architected cellular solids, is well described [2], their manufacturing methods remain an open topic for research. Recently it has been shown that micro-stereolithography can be used to make micrometer scale features in photoreactive polymer, which can then be coated with metal, and the polymer removed to yield hollow metal micro lattice with ultralight density and novel stiffness properties [3]. This process, which we will refer to as "Additive Manufacturing and Deposition" (AMD) can be used to make hierarchical structures on the order of centimeters in scale [4] [5] [6], but faces challenges with larger scales, due to the machine scaling with the size of the specimen. Other approaches for metallic lattices include interleaving sets of cut or folded sheet metal, which are then welded to boundary skins to form sandwich structures [7]. Open lattice structures can be formed through a combination of punching, folding, and laminating, with a final welding step [8]. Large scale metal components with complex geometries can be made with metal laser additive manufacturing (MLAM) in which a bed of metal powder is selectively melted with a laser to form a continuous metal component, layer by layer. This approach has gained attention for its ability to save weight and make complex geometry at minimal cost with applications in fields such as aerospace and robotics. A recent approach to lattice manufacturing is based on the reversible assembly of modular, building block elements. This expands upon the existing work of cellular solids by decomposing the periodic lattices into discrete parts that can then be mass-manufactured, and when combined with a reversible connection, reconfigured and repaired to adapt to changing mission criteria. These properties can be leveraged to achieve scalable construction of architected cellular solids while utilizing high-performance materials which are not available to additive manufacturing methods, such as unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer [9]. This method has been successfully demonstrated in aerospace applications, such as shape-morphing aircraft [10] and reconfigurable human-scale structures [11]. Here, this approach will be combined with recent advances in affordable, high powered laser machining technology to result in a method for assembling metallic building block elements into scalable lattice structures (FIGURE 1). FIGURE 1: SAMPLE METALLIC LATTICE SPECIMENS BUILT USING DMLA. SEE TABLE 2 FOR PROPERTIES.


A new method is discussed in the context,to produce a new type infrared image decoy by dioxide laser.The structure and basic principle of the new type infrared image decoy are set forth.The feasibility of producing new type infrared image decoy by dioxide laser is analyzed,and a new way to make decoy is offered to counterwork the infrared image detection and guidance.


GIS and numerical simulation techniques are used to quantitative risk assessment of induced earthquake in the Three-Gorge reservoir head area.The technical route is that the simulation model is set up through the analysis of affecting factors.The simulation result is obtained with FLAC 3D.The assessment database is set up by the result of simulation and monitoring data.Each unit is estimated with the maximum tensile strain criterion for judging rock tensile failure and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion for judging rock shear failure.The unit is further estimated by comparing the first principal stress,the third principal stress and the displacement where the induced earthquake had taken place after impounding of the reservoir on a GIS platform.The result shows that building database containing various data based on the same GIS platform is the basement of integrated factor model.The result of risk assessment possesses the reliability in the Three-Gorges reservoir head area.The simulation result is also calculated with the earthquake model and the calculated result is further modified with the monitored data.


The aim of this study is to detect the presence of Avian Influenza H5 subtype viruses on waterfowls in Mojosari traditional market. Three individual cloacal swab from waterfowls are pooled became one pooled sample. Swab samples were then inoculated in SAN (Specific Antibody Negative) 9-11 days embryoned chicken eggs, and were incubated at 37oC for 4-5 days. At fifth day, the allantoic fluids from embryoned chicken eggs were harvested, then they were tested using HA test. HA test was positive when agglutination of chicken red blood cells was shown. The positive result of HA test was continued for HI test. HI test was positive when inhibition of hemagglutination was shown, that was signed by unagglutinated, sedimented erythrocytes on the base of microplate's wells.The result for this study showed that from 75 pooled samples; that came from 225 waterfowls; there was 6 pooled sample (8 %) had Avian Influenza H5 subtype viruses, it means from 225 waterfowls there were 6 – 18 waterfowls those had Avian Influenza H5 subtype viruses.


Critical safety function (CSF) is the most significant design concept for prioritize operator actions based on the
potential threat to the three barriers (fuel cladding, primary coolant system boundary, and containment) and allows the operator to respond to these threats prior to event diagnosis. CSF has a hierarchical information structure that organizes the system variables affecting the plant safety in terms of goal-means relations. It is important that the operator should be aware of various success paths associated with each CSF in order to respond to unanticipated system failures quickly. When an emergency occurs in NPPs, the operator should monitor CSFs periodically and identify possible success paths as necessary, and try to stabilize or safely shut down the plant using emergency operating procedure (EOP) that includes steps to check the CSFs. This implies that safety function status check may become a cognitively burdensome task that needs to be supported by proper information display. The advanced human-system interface (HSI) in nuclear power plants provides an information environment that supports the operators' burdensome cognitive tasks. This paper describes a CSFs interface design for supporting the operator's tasks to monitor and identify the associated success path for Westinghouse 3-loops NPP.


An abnormal phenomenon of secondary dip existing in type In Bragg grating formation, which is highly dependent on the diameter and photosensitivity of the fiber core, is discovered and investigated.


MOVPE grown InGaP epitaxial layers order spontaneously in CuPt(B)-like structures consisting of alternating Ga- and In-rich planes along the (-111) and (1-11) directions. On exactly oriented GaAs substrates the both variants are equally distributed in platelike domains. Complete ordering is usually not achieved. Recent studies have shown that ordering has a marked influence on the reduction of band energy as well as on the splitting of the valence band, which results in the anisotropy of optical and electrical properties of the ternary. Strain produced by lattice mismatch between an InGaP layer and GaAs substrate can also lead to the valence band splitting and to an increase (if compressive) or decrease (if tensile) of the band-gap energy. It is quite surprisingly, that role of the random part of epitaxial layer and their influence on optical and electrical properties of alloy was not so carefully studied as in case of ordered domains. Probably it follows from fact that photoluminescence spectra of partially ordered InGaP epitaxial layers are fully ruled by ordered material and no signal from random part is to observe. On the other hand, spectral ellipsometry allows to show not only optical anisotropy in partially ordered samples but also to reveal signal from random part of the epitaxial layer. In our contribution we will show that the band gap energy of InGaP follows closely the compositional dependence proposed by Wei and Zunger [1]. The Eg value measured in tensile strained epitaxial layers is significantly lower compared with the one that follows from the generally used parabolic interpolation between the Eg of InP and GaP. The additional transition caused by the random part of the InGaP alloy E 0 (random) lies at higher energy depending on the composition of the ternary. A difference between band gap of ordered and random part varies with composition of ternary and its value lies in interval between 20 - 65 meV. It was previously suggested that the higher band gap associated with the boundaries between domains could act as a barrier and spatially separate the carriers [2]. We studied dependence of both band gap values on the InP mole fraction for two sets of InGaP samples grown at 640 o C and 20 mbar reactor pressure. At this temperature a massive evolution of the ordering effect can usually be achieved. Also, the reactor pressure of 20 mbar is, to our experience, the most appropriate as it allows for the best control of ordering as well as the highest reproducibility of its development. The growth conditions for each growth run were maintained the same, except for the In/Ga ratio in order to prepare a set of samples with nearly the same degree of order but with various tensile or compressive strain induced by different lattice mismatch. The source materials were trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylindium (TMIn), arsine (AsH3 ), and phosphine (PH3 ). All epitaxial layers were grown on semiinsulating exactly (001)-oriented GaAs substrates. This procedure led to the obtention of InGaP samples where the InP mole fraction ranged from x=0.35 to x=0.565, i.e., in a similar interval for which Wei and Zunger's calculations were made. The ternary composition of epitaxial layers was determined using X-ray diffraction data along with Vegaard's law. Optical measurements were performed using a rotating polarizer ellipsometer with a 1.4 - 5.1 eV spectral energy range. Spectra were taken at room temperature after removing surface oxide layers by etching in a solution of 5% hydrofluoric acid in deionized water. During the measurement, samples were kept under a dry N 2 flux to prevent oxidation. The experimental energy step in the fundamental band gap region analysed was generally 5 meV, but we used finer steps of 2 meV to resolve the lowest-energy sharp features. For each sample, two different orientations were measured that approximately gave the two different components of the dielectric tensor. While the band gap of ordered part of samples follows closely the compositional dependence proposed in theory, the random part shows a different dependence with maximum close to composition lattice matched to GaAs substrate at the growth temperature (see Fig.1). Random band gap energy value obtained for exactly lattice


Washed rice water (WRW) is said to be a beneficial plant fertilizer because of its nutrient content. However, rigorous scientific studies to ascertain its efficiency are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermenting WRW on the bacterial population and identification, and to measure how fermentation affects the nutrient composition of WRW. Rice grains were washed in a volumetric water-to-rice ratio of 3:1 and at a constant speed of 80 rpm for all treatments. The treatments were WRW fermented at 0 (unfermented), 3, 6, and 9 days. Bacterial N fixation and P and K solubilization abilities in the fermented WRW were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The isolated bacterial strains and the WRW samples were also tested for catalase and indole acetic acid (IAA) production ability. Significantly greater N fixation, P and K solubilization, and IAA production were recorded after 3 days of fermentation compared with other fermentation periods, with increases of 46.9–83.3%, 48.2–84.1%, 73.7–83.6%, and 13.3–85.5%, respectively, in addition to the highest (2.12 × 108 CFU mL−1) total bacterial population. Twelve bacteria strains were isolated from the fermented WRW, and the gene identification showed the presence of beneficial bacteria Bacillus velezensis, Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at the different fermentation periods. All the identified microbes (except Enterobacter sp. Strain WRW-7) were positive for catalase production. Similarly, all the microbes could produce IAA, with Enterobacter spp. strain WRW-10 recording the highest IAA of up to 73.7% higher than other strains. Generally, with increasing fermentation periods, the nutrients N, S, P, K, Mg, NH4+, and NO3− increased, while pH, C, and Cu decreased. Therefore, fermentation of WRW can potentially increase plant growth and enhance soil health because of WRW's nutrients and microbial promotional effect, particularly after 3 days of fermentation.


AbstractThe damage monitoring and evaluation of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)/steel–concrete hybrid box girder subjected to four-point bending is reported in this paper. The target is to integra...


. Death was clearly due to an acute uraemia. The onset of the uraemic state had followed on the reception of a not very severe injury. What connexion, if any, was there between the injury and the uraemia? POST-MORTEM ExAMINATIoN.-The injured shoulder disclosed marked bruising and laceration of the deltoid muscle and subdeltoid bursa. There was no fracture, nor any sign of intraaanial injury. As we opened the abdomen our attention was drawn to the presence of three small cysts on the inferior free edge of the liver ; these contained no haemorrhages, nor had they the appearance of trauma. Both kidneys were grossly enlarged and nodular as one palpated them through their peritoneal coverings. Once removed from the body, it was seen that both were the seat of advanced polycystic disease of the so-called congenital type.


Since March 16, 2022, when the first federal funds rate hike was announced, federal funds rate has been raised from 0.25% to a level between 0.25% and 0.5%. Until July 27, 2022, the Fed has raised federal funds rate four times, bringing the benchmark of federal funds rate from 0.25% to a range of 2.25% to 2.5%. Against the backdrop of a downward spiral in the US economy and increased inflationary pressure, monetary policy in the US is gradually tightening. This paper selects two typical cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum, and uses time-series model to analyze the impact of US dollar appreciation on cryptocurrency market under the background of Fed rate hike, to fill the research gap and make suggestions for investors and policymakers. This paper concludes that US dollar appreciation would not affect Bitcoin market significantly but would negatively affect Ethereum market. Investors are supposed to be more alert to the risks of cryptocurrency market and reduce the holdings of Ethereum when US dollar index increases. For policymakers, they are suggested to increase regulation of cryptocurrency markets and prevent some malicious speculators' attacks on the unmatured market from happening.


We evaluated directly the role of extra:floral nectary (EFN) for ant attraction and herbivore exclusion by experimental removal of EFN in laboratory. When EFN of Vicia faba Linnaeus (Leguminosae) was artificially removed, the number of workers of Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visiting a plant decreased and the efficiency of herbivore exclusion by ants was also decreased. The herbivore exclusion by ants was mostly ineffective on a plant when less than four workers visited a plant, but when more than four workers visited a plant the residence time of a herbivore on a plant rapidly decreased with increasing numbers of ants on a plant. Thus, the efficiency of herbivore exclusion from plant is determined by the number of ants visiting a plant, and EFN plays an important role for ant attraction.


The Sirius Group is a mixed sequence of interbedded diamictite and mudstone of Pliocene age found at scattered locations along the length of the Transantarctic Mountains. Sirius Group rocks are usually considered tillites, but contain some very "un-tillite" elements. Within section and from site to site, Sirius Group rocks vary considerably in terms of texture and relative abundance of clast lithologies, recording a history that includes shifting influences of glacial, lacustrine, fluvial and wetland processes. The colorful heritage of the Sirius Group has generated a lot of interest due to its potential as a record of changes in the behavior of the East Antarctic icesheet during a climatologically interesting period.


The microbiome inherited at birth exerts marked effects on immune programming with long-term health consequences. Here, we demonstrated that the gut, vaginal, and oral microbial diversity of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection is reduced, and women with early infections exhibit a different vaginal microbiota composition compared to healthy controls at the time of delivery. Accordingly, infants born to pregnant women with early SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a unique oral microbiota dominated by Streptococcus species. Together, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy, particularly early infections, are associated with lasting changes in the microbiome of pregnant women compromising the initial microbial seed of their infant. Our results highlight the importance of further exploring the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the infant's microbiome-dependent immune programming.


Objective The paper focused on silkworm pupa and the male zooid of Antheraea pernyi to investigate the anti-oxidation effect of the antheraea pernyi.Methods 80% ethanol extraction from silkworm pupa and the male zooid of Antheraea pernyi was partitioned by petroleum ether,butanol to afford three fractions.Using Spectrophotometric method,determination the antioxidant capacity of the total extracts,Petroleum ether layer,butanol layer and water layer by detecting the removing ratio to O-2·,·OH,DPPH·and ABTS+. Results Silkworm pupa and the male zooid of Antheraea pernyi have strong anti-oxidation activity,the 50% elimination value of total extraction to oxygen free radical,hydroxyl free radical,DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical were 8. 82324,12. 09121,0. 12991,0. 22706 and 8. 09633,14. 55845,2. 30111,10. 00324 g /L,respectively. In Polarity division of the experiment,Water layer butanol layer Petroleum ether layer. Conclusion Silkworm pupa and the male zooid of Antheraea pernyi have good ability of scavenging free radicals and have a prospective future of applications.


Tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall commonly spawn tornadoes within their rainbands. In the United States, as much as 10% of the lives l ost during tropical cyclones are a result of the tornad oes spawned in these storms (Novlan and Gray 1974). Forecasting such tornadoes has proven difficult due to the small nature of shallow supercells. Previou s studies have looked at the environmental conditions  which help to spawn these tornadoes and the radar characteristics once the cells are onshore. It is already known that tornadoes occur after the TC rainband has reached the coast. It is not apparen t, however, if these tornado producing cells show certain storm structures, such as a mesocyclone, while still offshore that may help to successfully forecast tornado development. Previous research has found a common climatology for TC tornadoes (Novlan and Gray 1974; Gentry 1983; McCaul 1991). McCaul (1991) found that over 70% of the storms with a Gulf Coast  landfall produced tornadoes. This is due to the location of the onshore flow of the TC rainband in the favorable right-front quadrant. Most tornadoes  occur 200-400 km from the center of the TC in convective cells embedded within the outerrainbands. A majority form within 200km of the coastline with a distinct spike at a range of 100km  from the coast. Another important aspect of the climatology is the TC motion. Gentry (1983) found that 81% of the hurricanes producing at least six tornadoes were moving between 300° and 30° as they crossed the coastline or recurving. Several observational and numerical studies have recognized environmental conditions that seem favorable for TC tornado formation (Novlan and Gray 1974; Spratt et al. 1997; Curtis 2004; Schneid er and Sharp 2007). Atmospheric instability can be enhanced by the intrusion of midlevel dry air adjacent to the rainband. As a result of the dry a ir


When does a person begin? I will try to give the most precise answer to that question actually available to science. Modern biology teaches us that ancestors are united to their progeny by a continuous material link, for it is from the fertilization of the female cell (the ovum) by the male cell (the spermatozoa) that a new member of the species will emerge. Life has a very, very long history but each individual has a very neat beginning: the moment of its conception.


It is not worth speaking of Europe's currency if this one is not supported by Europe's industry. As a market, Europe does not imply any interwaving between industrial and financial groups in order to constitute a productive system. Even though this movement to accelrate capital restructurationb has benn noticed, within Europe, since 1985, it can also be seen, either inside every EEC nation, or between each of them and the United States. Coming to a european productive system from the present common market can be realised through two ways, either through some kind of domination by one of the member countries or by an active cooperation between all members. This exclusive choice raises particularly important issues.


In this paper we introduced algorithm to find permutation in symmetric group using soft topological space to structure permutation topological space. Moreover, this class of permutation topology is called even (odd) permutation topology if its permutation is even (odd). Further, new notions in permutation topological spaces are investigated like splittable permutation spaces and ambivalent permutation spaces.


In the past few years, the idea of trading information while multiple devices are connected and communicating with each other, has grabbed huge attention. For processing this large amount of information, data connectivity and data analytics techniques have become essential for making decisions in variety of areas. Applying Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in healthcare systems is one of the rising areas that researchers are interested in. The usage of IoT technology has brought convenience for patients and physicians by real-time monitoring and managing healthcare and patient information. Corporations are in competition with each other to create IoT based devices with specific cloud interface but with least capability to analyse the data. In this research, an implementation of IoT based healthcare system using bio-medical sensors has been presented. This paper also aims to provide the analysis of cloud data acquired through biomedical sensors using signal analysis techniques for anomaly detection.


Objective: to examine the tendency of the individual with Machiavellian behavior to create budgetary slack in a situation of negative affect. Method: experimental research with 390 undergraduate students of accounting from Brazilian higher education institutions, and for data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was chosen using the SmartPLS software, version 3 Originality/Relevance: the relevance of the study is to measure the moderation effect of the intensity of negative affect imposed by punishment on the relationship between Machiavellianism and budgetary slack. New studies on Machiavellianism provide evidence with a focus on negative affect, more specifically on the punishment for incorrect information, as well as exploring the antecedents of budgetary slack, which can modify the behavior of managers in organizations. Results: the findings indicate that the Machiavellian personality can be considered an antecedent of budgetary slack, in addition to being something intrinsic in the individual, who even in the face of the intensity of negative affect imposed by the threat of punishment as an environmental stimulus, managed to inhibit the creation of budgetary slack. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: our findings add to the literature in this area, as it demonstrates that Machiavellian personality can be considered as an antecedent of budgetary slack and uses the Machiavellian Personality Scale (MPS), in order to validate a scale on the national scene, in addition to increasing the discussion on the intensity of negative affect, and its moderation effect.


The present invention is an adhesive tape using the same and a solar cell module. The present invention provides an adhesive for electrically connecting a plurality of solar cells having a metal tape 10 and the foil 1 is provided on at least one side of the metal foil 110 and the solar cell module using the same, the adhesive is an adhesive constituting the adhesive layer 2. Using an adhesive tape of the present invention, the yield of products decreases can be suppressed, and can improve the connection workability of solar battery cells.


HIV directly activates the complement cascade and is, therefore, opsonized with C3‐cleavage products in vivo. This cloud of C3 fragments on the viral surface may impair the interaction of the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120/gp41 with C‐type lectins expressed on immature dendritic cells (iDC). Therefore, we determined the accessibility of gp120 after opsonization and compared the interaction of DC with non‐opsonized or complement‐opsonized HIV. The recognition of native gp120 was drastically impaired when the virus was covered by complement. Independent of opsonization, similar amounts of HIV bound to DC. The interaction of iDC and the infection of DC‐PBL co‐cultures with non‐opsonized virus was significantly reduced by mannan and antibodies which inhibit the ICAM‐1‐CR3 interaction. The binding of opsonized virus to iDC was reduced by an anti‐CR3‐antibody, which interferes with the binding of C3 fragments, but was not affected by mannan. Complement enhanced the HIV infection of DC and DC‐PBL co‐cultures significantly. Mannan did not inhibit the complement‐dependent enhancement of infection. Thus, non‐opsonized and opsonized HIV interacted with iDC, although the binding mechanisms seemed to differ. As HIV is opsonized in vivo, the C‐type lectin‐independent interaction of opsonized viruses with iDC has to be taken into account.


Since the NTC thermistor's resistance and temperature(R-T) there is a serious non-linear characteristics,in order to improve the temperature measurement accuracy,design idea about the third-order natural logarithm formula method was put forward which was used for piecewise curve-fitting of R-T's characteristics.The temperature measurement system's hardware and software design is based on the third-order natural logarithm formula method,which realizes high-precision measurements for oil temperature and cooling water temperature of the marine diesel.Experimental tests show that the temperature in the range of 0~120℃,the temperature measurement system using the measurement error is less than ±0.3℃.the temperature measurement system has been applied to condition monitoring instruments for marine diesel of some company,it has been tested on board,temperature measurement effect was excellent,it has been accepted and delivered by a certain shipyard,it is operating normally.


According to the current situation of the development of higher vocational education in our country and our practical experience in Hebei Software Institute,the paper mainly analyses the function of teaching supervision and guidance in higher vocational schools,it also puts forward some suggestions about how to perfect the system of teaching supervision and guidance.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative view to that presented by Onslow and Ingham in a paper entitled " Whither prolonged speech? The disquieting evolution of a stuttering therapy procedure" published in the previous issue of this journal. While there are some points which are positive and constructive in their paper, the major premise they have used in their argument and the conclusion reached needs challenging. Their major premise consisted of two parts. First, prolonged speech variants are unsatisfactory frontline therapies and second, that there are other superior therapies which should be used. Their conclusion demands that prolonged speech treatments should be used or offered only as a last resort when all else has failed. It is argued, however, that quite the reverse is true. While remaining eclectic in nature, the clinician must keep an open mind on what treatment best suits their clients. Prolonged speech type therapies have been shown to be efficient at helping many persons cope...


This paper studies the correlations and results produced in Bell inequalities by a local polarizer model. It shows that the local model produces correlations conforming to classical theory, and under certain conditions conforming to quantum mechanics predictions. It also shows that it can produce small amplitude violations of Bell inequalities due to stochastic variations. These amplitudes are evaluated. Introduction. The latest EPR experiments performed produce a violation of Bell inequalities. These are however of low amplitude. [1] [2]. This document studies whether these amplitudes could be produced by a local model. This is done by simulations using a flawless EPR configuration. The results are compared to those predicted by quantum mechanics. 1. Correlations produced by the local model. This first part evaluates the correlations produced by the local model. This one is described in another document [3]. The model is with hidden variables, and uses 2 variables associated to the photon. These are denoted p and q, with p representing the angle of polarization of the photon, and q a local physical quantity. These two variables are the information coupling link between the two photons of a pair, making it possible to produce non-random detections correlations. For the polarization variable p, value is imposed by the polarization produced by the parametric conversion crystal and by the polarizer used to spatially separate the photons of the pair in the case of using a collinear source. Coupling is maximum for this variable, the two photons having a constant polarization difference (PI/2). For the variable q, the coupling can vary. Noting: qA = value of q for the photon going to the measuring station A (for Alice) qB = value of q for the photon going to the measuring station B (for Bob) Maximum coupling is achieved by setting qA = qB. Zero coupling is achieved by initializing qA and qB with two independent random values. The following graph shows the coupling effect produced by the variable q on the correlations, with zero and maximum coupling. The simulation uses a pulsed source and names e and o the outputs of the polarizers.


In order to study the influences of Compton scattering THz scattering property for a plasma sphere,the model of the multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering is leaded into this study,an important factor on the THz scattering for a plasma sphere is effected by Compton scattering is advanced,the revised equation of the scattered field of the anisotropy plasma sphere,and the influences on the dielectric constant tensor,observation direction and polarization state et al to THz wave scattering are given out,and these equations are simulated with the replica experimentation.The results show that the difference-scattered section is nearly appeared quasi-resonance law changing with the changing of the THz wave frequency,difference-scattered section 0.001 are decreased than before the scattering;the difference-scattered section 0.002 are decreased than before the scattering with the observation direction and polarization state.


The invention discloses a call queuing timeout waiting method. The call queuing timeout waiting method comprises the following steps that the queuing timeout waiting function is started at the web side; all seats log into a call system of an enterprise user; when a client telephone calls in, the client telephone has access to a switchboard through a public telephone exchanging network so as to have access to a middleware application server, whether a seat in an idling state exists or not is judged, if no seat in the idling state exists, a user of the telephone is kept in the get-through queuing waiting condition, and timing of waiting time is started; if the waiting time exceeds get-through time, the switchboard prompts the client to wait continuously through voice or starts a message leaving function. The call queuing timeout waiting method has the advantages that by means of the method, in the process that clients of the enterprise user call in and need to wait in line, the clients are prompted in a more user-friendly mode, the clients can choose to continuously wait in line or to wait after message leaving conducted through the message leaving function ends, therefore, the access rate of client queuing telephones and the telephone utilization rate of the enterprise user are increased, meanwhile, a background message processing program is also optimized, and the method is convenient to operate and worth of popularization and application.


Background: Practice variation is common and may represent variation in values and preferences in the setting of limited evidence regarding optimal care or indicate deficiencies in care. Methods: We administered a case-based survey to cardiologists in the United States and Canada. Participants selected their preferred management option and then rated the influence of 7 factors (safety, effectiveness, patient-centered care, efficiency, local hospital practice, medicolegal concerns and prior experience) on their decision using a scale of 1 (unimportant) to 7 (critically important). Follow-up questions explored knowledge and attitudes on healthcare costs. The relationship between management choice and perceived influence of each factor was examined using repeated measures ANOVA. Free text comments were analyzed using basic content analysis.Results: One hundred and six cardiologists completed the survey. Respondents rated safety (5.8), effectiveness (5.7) and patient-centered care (5.7) as important determinants irrespective of their management choice. Cardiologists frequently (range 19%-87%) chose options not recommended by clinical practice guidelines (CPG), with individual cardiologists sometimes choosing guideline-suggested options and sometimes not. Differences in ratings of factors between those who chose guideline-suggested options and those who did not varied based on the case. Respondents considered cost to be important in decision-making; however, they did not feel well informed and, consequently, seldom discussed this with patients.Conclusion: Cardiologists rate evidence-based practice as an important factor influencing their decision-making whether or not they make CPG-concordant choices. Sources of practice variation include case-context, local hospital practice and medicolegal concerns. Implementation strategies to improve high value patient-centered care should consider physicians' perceptions of effectiveness of the management options. Successful strategies to improve patient-centered care will require engagement from physicians, particularly to understand how best to support their ability to counsel and involve patients when choosing treatment options and considering cost in these decisions. A deeper understanding of practice variation and its implications will require use of qualitative methods.


The article discusses the concept of contract farming being used all over the world today. The contract farming concept is seen from the example of oil palm production in Ghana.


Objective
We used the DNA methylation microarrays to investigate the differential methylation genes and loci sites in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), to study the relationship between DNA methylation and KBD pathogenesis.

Methods
Totally 12 KBD adults and 12 healthy adults were selected and peripheral blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Illumina 450K bead-chip was applied to detect methylation status in KBD and healthy controls. Aberrant hyper-methylated sites were filtrated according to the P value after correction and methylation differences, together with GenomeStudio soft. Screened genes were validated using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) technology.

Results
A total of 484 948 loci sites were analyzed and compared, 93 differential methylated loci were found by comparing KBD and normal people, including 34 hyper-methylated sites and 59 hypomethylated sites. There were 50 genes corresponding to the loci, 43 genes not reported in literature. According to gene ontology analysis, the genes were involved in the immune response, antigen processing, phosphate and phosphoric acid metabolism and phosphorylation and the process of metal ions in combination. However, in the verification test using BSP method, there was no significant difference in methylation rate in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 between the case and the control group (48% vs 70%, χ2= 3.688, P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The high and low differentially methylated sites in peripheral blood DNA of KBD patients are significantly different from those of the health control. HLA-DRB1 locus is not significantly different between the BSP verification test and methylation chip.

Key words:
Kashin-Beck disease; DNA methylation; Microarray


ABSTRACT Assessing the digital maturity of companies is essential to prepare for digital transformation in the context of Industry 4.0. Several digital maturity assessment models have emerged in the past few years to support this evaluation. One obstacle for companies is the impossibility of easily comparing themselves to one another quantitatively or qualitatively. This paper introduces a new way to compare digital maturity models through a quantitative framework that is compatible with a wide variety of models. Comparisons are performed in the space of the keywords used to characterize key performance indicators (KPIs) that are reverse engineered from the models. The matches are encoded in a keyword matrix that is used to automatically compute the match level of KPI pairs. The framework has been validated on 13 state-of-the-art maturity models whose analysis resulted in the identification of 451 KPIs characterized using 263 keywords structured according to 12 dimensions and 58 subdimensions. Graphical Abstract


Renal glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) exhibit a charge‐selective barrier, consisting of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that restricts the passage of anionic molecules into the urine. Previous efforts to localize the HSPG core protein within various layers of the GBM have been contradictory. Furthermore, attempts to correlate proteinuria in several disease states with a decrease in anionic sites of HSPG core protein have yielded conflicting results.


the impression that it was the state takeover of the money supply that fostered counterfeiting. However, he repeatedly points out the deep roots counterfeiting had in England and colonial America. In addition, he hints at the true source of the problem by pointing out that one "boon to counterfeiters was the relatively low risk of arrest" (p. 39) and that "the ineffectiveness of law enforcement efforts against counterfeiters was common knowledge" (p. 173). This suggests that the problem was lax enforcement, not necessarily state banking. The evidence in this book supports the conclusion that the Secret Service eliminated counterfeiting as a threat to the sovereignty of the currency, enhancing its acceptability and hence its ability to serve as a medium of exchange. It does not suggest the superiority of one banking institution over another, but rather, that less counterfeiting is better under any circumstance. This shortcoming should not, however, detract from what is otherwise a fine piece of work. It is not a history of banking institutions, but rather a study of the evolution of the Secret Service, which grew and matured through what was initially its sole reason for existence: protecting the currency and eliminating the problem of counterfeiting. The book is convincing in its argument that the growth of the Secret Service was both a symptom of a changing American perception of centralized government, and an inducement for citizens to accept an ever-expanding role of the federal government in their daily lives.


Based on the problems of the entrepreneurs at San Carlos area, it was proposed as the main objective; establish how granulated brown sugar could be feasible as an alternative for innovation and income generation for entrepreneurs in the sector indicated above


Children of drug addicted mothers are exposed to highly stressful experiences and experience high levels of psychological and emotional distress, alongside psychiatric nosology with multiple comorbid symptoms. The following study extends the work of Lombard, et al. classify the consequences of prolonged or ongoing trauma of children of addicted mothers using lifespan domains. Children of addicted mothers are often exposed to severe and ongoing events of trauma, or environments that are not conducive to adequate development, resulting in a complex array of comorbid and compounding physical and psychological problems. Results showed that the prevalence of trauma experienced by children were categorized as being from social and physical domains, with the emotional domain (reported neglect=26) also being high. These experiences resulted predominantly in behavioral problems and emotional problems. The most salient problems included a child who reported hearing the devil speak to them in an ongoing manner, two children reporting attempted homicides on siblings, and three children reporting hurting animals. Further research in capturing and detailing the extent of the trauma experienced and the resulting lifespan domain problems is necessary.


This work is completed as a part of an exoskeleton project that was started to solve a specific problem. The scope covers the research and development of a lightweight mobile active upper-body exoskeleton for industrial workers who are lifting heavy loads on daily basis. It shall be a powered electromechanical device to decrease the musculoskeletal fatigue on the user with human augmentation properties. There will be certain constraints such as body part, mobility, and activity. The proposed design is the most optimized version that can be produced with the current state of the related studies.


"Extra‐granular zone" proposed by Dan and Dan (3) was studied with the electron microscope. Two stages are noticed during the process of its formation; at first, a relatively yolk granule‐free zone constitutes the egg periphery which should correspond to that observed by Dan and Dan, and later, this zone is occupied by a layer of the vacuoles (about 1.3 μm in mean diameter) with highly electron‐transparent inclusions which migrated to the egg surface from the inner cytoplasm after fertilization. These vacuoles are scarcely found in the micromeres of 16‐cell stage embryo.


This review focuses on conventional treatment overview, signaling pathways and various reasons for drug resistance with understanding novel methods that can lead to effective therapies. Ovarian cancer is amongst the most common gynecological and lethal cancers in women from the age of 20-60. The survival rate is limited to 5 years due to diagnosis in subsequent stages with reoccurrence of tumor and resistance of chemotherapeutic. The recent clinical trails use combinatorial treatment of carboplatin and paclitaxel on ovarian cancer after cytoreduction of tumor. Predominantly patients are responsive initially to therapy and later develop metastases due to drug resistance. Chemotherapy also leads to drug resistance causing enormous variations at cellular level. Multifaceted mechanisms like drug resistance are associated with number of genes and signaling pathways that process the proliferation of cells. Reasons for resistance include epithelial-mesenchyme, DNA repair activation, autophagy, drug efflux, pathway activation, and so on. Determining the routes on molecular mechanism that target chemoresistance pathways are necessary for controlling the treatment and understanding efficient drug targets can open light on improve therapeutic outcomes. Most common drug used for ovarian cancer is Cisplatin, which activates various chemoresistance pathways ultimately causing drug resistance. There have been substantial improvements in understanding the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance or chemo sensitizing cisplatin for effective treatment. Using therapies with combination that involve phytochemical or novel drug delivery system involving the phytochemicals would be a novel treatment in cancer. Phytochemicals are plant-derived compounds that exhibit anticancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory properties that minimalize side effects exerted from chemotherapeutics.


Shortly after the introduction of the stethoscope and the recognition of the increasing importance of the physical examination in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases, a hundred years ago, William Stokes, the distinguished Irish clinician, wrote as follows: "It has been objected to the advocates of the stethoscope that they discard the consideration of symptoms, and that throwing overboard all the knowledge we possessed previous to the introduction of auscultation, they pretend to ascertain the existence of all diseases of the chest by the sole observation of physical signs." Stokes pointed out that such an attitude was wholly groundless and betrayed an ignorance of the subject. The implication to be found in Stokes' writings is that the new discovery of the stethoscope did not replace a consideration of the history and of the symptoms but, rather, emphasized and gave a new value to the older methods. Indeed, one might with equal propriety point out at the present time the importance of recognizing that nei...


We present a nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) study of the structure of porous silicon. Cross-polarization–magic-angle-spinning 29Si NMR shows that the silicon crystalline structure is preserved in porous silicon and that there are three protonated silicon species at the surface, which are tentatively identified as belonging to different faces. The occurrence of different environments for the surface protons is supported by the heterogeneous 1H NMR line. HF and SiF62− species were detected by 19F NMR in the electrolyte left in the pores.


Research thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Masters of Management in Finance and Investment
Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management
Wits Business School
University of Witwatersrand
June 2017


It is one of the important meth-o ds of highlighting the landscape charac-teristics to grasp the regional charact eristics of environment,blending the conception in-to the design,and embody the regional characteristics in landscape.The distinct environmental charm was pres ented through the application of various land-scape factors.


X-rays are a useful diagnostic tool in the radiology world. Despite their usefulness, overexposure to radiation affects the health of those who are working closely with X-ray scanning equipment. Overexposure to high levels of radiation can cause large num


Abstract : One of the most significant contributions to the Command and Control (C2) process is the input of high quality intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and recognition (ISTAR) information, in a timely manner. In the past, the operational analysis (OA) to support this ISTAR capability has used detailed and explicit modelling, this was inflexible, lengthy, and costly to run. A novel and more abstract approach to the assessment of ISTAR capabilities and sensor mixes has been developed, which removes the need for detailed terrain data and explicit platform-level sensor and target deployments. This paper outlines the model, and presents some example output.


Labour immigration schemes that effectively attract qualified immigrant workers are a policy priority for many governments. But what are 'attractive' labour immigration schemes and policies? To whom are (or should) such policies (be) attractive? In Europe, the US is often portrayed as one of the most 'attractive' countries of immigration – if not the most 'attractive'. This paper aims to analyse and provide a better understanding of the elements of the US immigration system that are supposedly attractive to foreign workers, by examining key features of the current and prospective US labour immigration rules. The paper finds that 'attractiveness' in this policy context is a highly malleable and flexible concept: What might be 'attractive' to one key stakeholder might not be to another.


There were three components of de-municipalisation: 1) the creation of a national electricity system made possible by the establishment of national grids, 2) the functional and organizational separation ('unbundling') of generation, transmission and distribution, and 3) the transformation of electricity from a local service into a commodity. Another common development is the comeback of municipalities in the regulation of energy consumption. From being active producers and purveyors of energy, municipalities are becoming overseers of its use and conservation.


With the evolution and advancement of IoT devices, privacy and security of data have become a critical concern. Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CPABE) is a selective access control scheme that provides finegrained confidentiality and privacy of data. Proxy-based Immediate Revocation of Attribute Based Encryption (PIRATTE), a variant of CP-ABE scheme provides revocation without the need of re-encrypting and issuing new keys to the nonrevoked users which CP-ABE fails to address. Scalable Proxybased Immediate Revocation (SPIRC) scheme overcomes the limitations of PIRATTE as it does not require maintaining a prior revocation list, re-encryption and re-distribution of keys. We present an extension of SPIRC that supports scalable user and attribute revocation along with delegation. Attribute revocation allows the system to revoke specific attributes of a user instead of revoking the user entirely. In our construction, each attribute of a user registering with a trusted server is associated with constant random parameters. These set of parameters associated with each attribute of a user are independent of the ciphertext. If server modifies the parameters associated with the user's decryption key, decryption by the user will not be permitted. Performance analysis of SPIRC with attribute revocation and its comparison with PIRATTE scheme is demonstrated.


Thesis titled "Influence of Teacher Competence, Parenting Parents and Motivation on Student Achievement Subjects Cultural History of Islam in Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung" was written by M. Nur Huda guided by Dr. Ahmad Tanzeh, M.Pd.I and Drs. H. Nurkholis, S.Ag, M.Pd.

Keywords: competence of teachers, parents parenting, motivation, student achievement.

The research in this thesis is motivated by a number of teachers who have achieved competency in accordance with the Law on National Education System No. 20 of 2003 Article 39 Paragraph 2. And also mostly elderly, fully devolved on the education of the history of Islamic culture their children to school and to child's himself. So that makes the low student motivation on the subjects of history of Islamic culture that have an impact on student achievement outcomes.
The problems of this thesis are: (1) How does the influence of teacher competence on student achievement subjects the Cultural History of Islamin Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung? (2) How does parenting parents on student achievement subjects the Cultural History of Islamin Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung? (3) How does learning motivation on student achievement subjects the Cultural History of Islamin Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung? (4) How will jointly competence of teachers, parents parenting and motivation on student achievement subjects the Cultural History of IslaminnIslamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung?
This type of research used in this research is quantitative research with associative approach. As for the population in this study were all Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung consisted of 31 school institutions. Then using cluster sampling method chosen 4 school institutions with a population of 1153 students. The number of samples based on the table Issac and Michael with a standard error of 5% as many as 272 students. Data collected by questionnaire instrument. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study using multiple regressions.
The results showed (1) There is a significant relationship between teacher competence on student achievement in Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung indicated value of the t test of significance of 5% (3.840> 1.972). (2) There is a significant relationship between parenting parents on student achievement in Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung indicated value of the t test of significance of 5% (2.920> 1.972). (3) There is a significant relationship between motivations to student achievement in Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung indicated value of the t test of significance of 5% (2,314> 1,972). (4) There is a significant relationship between teacher competence (X1), parenting parents (X2) and motivation (X3) on student achievement (y) students in Islamic Junior High School Private in Tulungagung shown on the F test significance value of 5% (11,975> 2.65).


The purpose of the study was to determine if there are differences in gender and circadian rhythm that affect the flexibility of volleyball players. Thirty volleyball players (15 men and 15 women) between 19 and 22 years of age were randomly selected as subjects. The two independent variables of gender and circadian rhythm and the dependent variable of flexibility were evaluated. The experimental design used was a static group factorial design. The flexibility data were collected by using sit and reach test at 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 hours during the academic year of 2012-2013. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way factorial (2 x 6) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Cosinor analysis. There was a significant difference between genders, significant difference in different times of the day and significant circadian rhythmicity exists on flexibility. The study concluded that the variation in flexibility at different times of the day would have a large effect on the performance of volleyball players. It is recommended to the physical educators to adopt the findings of this study while planning to improve sports skills for the players and athletes.


This paper explores the role that orientalism has played in shaping ethnic inequality among Jews in Israel. Earlier works usually explain ethnic exclusion as a function of Jewish life on Israeli territory. Here, however, exclusion is located within an earlier history of a Jewish encounter with orientalism and Western European colonialism. It is argued that prior to their immigration to Israel, Jews the world-over had been stigmatized as Oriental. Through a complex process, they accepted this stigma, and they arrived in Israel deeply invested in developing the new country as "western " and uncomfortable with anything identified as "eastern." It is the imperatives of this westernization "identity project" that account for the initial impetus to exclude Middle Eastern Jews, as well as non-Jewish Arabs, from emerging Israeli society. Viewing history from this perspective, ethnic cleavages in the Jewish world appear to have a historical stability and consistency that is at odds with the current focus on contingency and historical indeterminacy.


The aim of the authors is to present a review of literature of Total Productive Maintenance and the barriers in implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The paper begins with a brief description of TPM and the barriers in implementation of TPM. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and its role in analyzing the barriers in TPM implementation is explained in brief. Applications of ISM in analyzing issues in various fields are highlighted with special emphasis on TPM. The paper moves on to introduction to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and its role in validating ISM in analyzing barriers in implementation of TPM. The paper concludes with a gap analysis from the current literature, research that can be carried out and expected outcomes from the proposed research.


Background: Salivary urea, correlates well with serum urea, can be utilized as a low-cost, easily accessible and noninvasive diagnostic tool for screening patients in early stages of kidney disease, especially for developing countries with limited resources. Saliva for diagnostic purpose, is inexpensive, non-invasive, easy to collect, use, store and transport, contain high amount of disease biomarkers and shows efficient and reliable results. Objective: To asses and prove the salivary diagnostics as reliable alternate to serum in renal diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study of 1 year duration from June 2012 to June 2013 was conducted. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was employed on the patients attending the Nephrology OPD or those who were admitted to Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi. Results: Significant correlation (.00) was found between the levels of serum and salivary urea and creatinine. A slight increase in the level of serum urea and creatinine results in a significant increase in the level of salivary urea and creatinine. Almost 63.2% and 64.6% of changes in serum urea and creatinine can be explained by the changes in salivary urea and creatinine levels respectively. Conclusion: Saliva can be developed as a diagnostic fluid that is an alternative to blood. It is non invasive, less expensive and collection procedure does not require technicians. The use of salivary assay for diagnostics of chronic renal failure (urea and creatinine) can be established as a cost effective test for developing countries.


A new time-marching free vortex method for calculation on rotor wake and induced velocities is developed.In this method,a new 2-step 2-order accurate predictor-corrector with backward difference algorithm-named "D2PC" is deduced.In order to increase the accuracy of the solution for rotor wake,the discrete approximation of vortex governing equation using "D2PC" algorithm is modified and improved.Based on the Vatistas formula,the vortex core model is given which is under the consideration of vortex diffusion.The blade is simulated by the simplified lift-surfacing model,in which the determining method on blade bound vorticity strength is re-derived.In the free vortex method,the blade flap model and trimming model are also combined.By the comparisons of calculated results with experimental results for some numerical examples on wake geometries and induced velocities,the present free vortex method is validated.Then using the method,characteristics on rotor wake geometries and induced velocities for hover and forward flight are calculated and analyzed.


The propagation dynamics of a laser beam strongly depend on its initial structure (like its amplitude and phase profile, polarization and coherence properties etc.) and on the type of medium through which it propagates. In random media, like the Earth's atmosphere, turbulence in the form of spatial refractive-index fluctuations give rise to phase perturbations in the laser beam. These phase perturbations lead to various undesirable effects in the beam like intensity scintillation, beam broadening, beam wandering, decrease in spatial coherence and loss of optical power. These effects make the beam unusable for any practical application and additional corrective means like adaptive optics are required. Therefore, designing laser beams which are inherently resistant to phase perturbations and are able to sustain a robust intensity profile with minimal corrections is very important.


Consumers has for the many choice whether local agribusiness product either imports. Consumers especially the city people to trending global life style have free to chosen product that will be buy, so the grand problems that meet the marketer and agribusiness producer in Indonesia is uncapability to know and how the efforts fulfill "consumer behaviour" to consumption or purchasing agribusiness product.
This writed are protype the research models to purpose 1). Analyze "consumers behaviour" with knowing factors that influence consumers purchasing or consumption fast foods 2). Analyze competitive advantage local foods product for imports product an approach consumers trust attitude for multiatribut in local and imports foods.
Prototype of this models are developed with analysis and methods that the first by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for factors that influence the consumers behaviour. Secondly competitive advantage analysis on consumers trust attitude value with Fishbein Methods.
Keywords : Consumer Behaviours, Fast Food and Tradisional Foods.


Using nutation NMR spectroscopy the distance between adjacent /sup 13/C labels was measured in samples of polyacetylene prepared by polymerizing a dilute solution of double /sup 13/C-labelled acetylene in /sup 12/C-acetylene using titanium tetra-n-butoxide plus triethylaluminum as a catalyst. The experiments accord with expectation if the polymerization proceeds by a four-center insertion mechanism rather than by a metallacycle mechanism involving metal-carbenes.


In this paper a new theory of revolution is proposed. The theory distinguishes two types of revolutions: the peasant revolution, which can occur only in pre-industrial society and the colour revolution, which can occur only in industrial society. The theory explains the causes and consequences of these two types of revolutions.


Alternative work arrangements, defined both by working conditions and by workers' relationship to their employers, are heterogeneous and common in the United States. This article reviews the literature on workers' preferences over these arrangements, inputs to firms' decisions to offer them, and the impact of regulation. It also highlights several descriptive facts: The typical worker is in a job where almost none of the tasks can be performed from home, work arrangements have been relatively stable over the past 20 years, work conditions vary substantially with education, and jobs with schedule or location flexibility are less family friendly on average. This last fact explains why women are not more likely to have schedule or location flexibility and seem to largely reduce their working hours to get more family-friendly arrangements.


A calculation method for phase difierence in interference with an anisotropic medium parallel plate is proposed.It has been proved that fringes of extraordinary waves are ellipses.The ratio of two semi-axes of the ellipse is equal to the ratio of two principal refractive indices.The experiment with a lithium niobate crystal has been completed and which is in agreement with the theoretical result.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contextual and individual influences on student satisfaction. More specifically, it seeks to examine how teachers' and students' perceptions of service quality influence students' satisfaction. A multilevel analysis was implemented to determine how various factors influence student satisfaction. For the first level of analysis, data were collected on students from various higher education institutions (HEIs). Teachers' perceptions of service quality were included at the second level of analysis. In total, responses were collected from 1378 students and 621 teachers from 61 HEIs. The research results reveal how teachers and students assess service quality. Furthermore, the study provides insights into the service quality dimensions that have the greatest influence on student satisfaction, from both the students' and teachers' perspectives. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it draws attention to the importance of teachers' perceptions of service quality as significant determinants of student satisfaction. Second, it suggests a multilevel linear modelling approach to the empirical testing of students' satisfaction.


26 We tested 29 isolates of Pythium insidiosum and one isolate of Pythium aphanidermatum to 27 investigate their susceptibility to miltefosine and antibacterial drugs from macrolide, oxazolidinone, 28 and pleuromutilin classes. We found that miltefosine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, 29 linezolid, sutezolid, retapamulin, tiamulin, and valnemulin had inhibitory and cidal activity against 30 the pathogens at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 64 μg/ml. Our results suggest that these 31 antimicrobials are promising candidates for future studies on pythiosis in animals and humans. 32


Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital facial deformity involving the structures derived from first and second pharyngeal arches like temporomandibular joint, mandibular ramus and body, muscles of mastication, ear and sometimes facial nerve. HFM is the second most common developmental craniofacial anomaly after cleft lip and palate, which usually occurs unilaterally, but also may occur bilaterally. In the present article, we have reported a case of HFM in an 18 year old female with unilateral facial hypoplasia and deformed ear.


Next Generation EA is an emerging vision for how Enterprise Architecture will be conducted in the post global crisis world economy. Shared cost structures, shared infrastructure, optimized investment in core assets and true interoperability between vertically and horizontally aligned Organizations are some of the characteristics of this vision. Three case studies are presented, illustrating the trend that EA is beginning to penetrate the higher levels of management practices in organizations. This paper argues that the logical next step (next generation of EA) is to use EA practices on the highest levels of the organization as a tool for decision support of the senior decision makers. This is especially true when the business directions of large Organizations are being guided by poorly informed senior decision makers in an environment where information asymmetry exists. Senior decision makers within Organizations who do not have full information at the right time and the right place will always be making sub optimal investment decisions, potentially exposing the Organizations to significant risk with unknown implications.


Study on the effects of various rangeland reclamation practices and land use changes of rangeland to agriculture could be effective on recognizing suitable management practices which help on declining atmospheric Co 2 concentration and soil quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different land use on the amount of carbon sequestration and some soil properties in Kalpoush Plain, Golestan Province in Iran. To this purpose, four land uses including rangeland, agricultural land, Haloxylon sp. -planted and Atriplex sp. -planted lands were selected. In each of these lands, soil sam ples were taken from depth 15cm. For each sample the parameters such as clay, silt, sand, organic matter, nitrogen, acidity, conductivity, saturation humidity and bulk density were measured and amount of sequestrated carbon in soil were determined through using laboratory analyses. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and LSD Test (Least Significant Difference) were used to compare the data mean. Results showed that in different land uses, the amount of carbon sequestration have significant differences. Rangeland s oil had the biggest amount (52.14 tons carbon per hectare). Acidity, conductivity, percentage of saturation moisture, clay and nitrogen also showed significant differences in different land uses. But silt, sand, and clay didn€t show clay significant differ ences. Generally we can conclude that the process of carbon sequestration improves the quality of soil and water, increases fertility, and reduces wasting nutrients in the soil. Therefore we can conclude that although land use change and also plantation didn€t have a significant effect on some properties of soil, ultimately it can reduce the quality of soil and will have negative consequences.


Non-Gaussian distributions are of great utility in model-based clustering applications for which the underlying distribution of the clusters is unknown. A novel formulation of the hyperbolic distribution, referred to as the hidden truncation hyperbolic (HTH) distribution, is presented for use in model-based clustering. The HTH distribution encapsulates several distributions as special or limiting cases including the skew-t and multivariate-t distributions. The HTH distribution is incorporated into a mixture model and an expectation-maximization algorithm for the estimation of model parameters will be presented. Clustering results will be presented for both real and simulated data and the ability of the HTH distribution to model asymmetric data as compared to other skewed distributions which have appeared in the literature will be discussed.


Purpose – The paper aims to contribute to the discussion on Shari'ah governance systems by examining the extent of disclosure on the Shari'ah Supervisory Board (SSB) as well as the content of the Board's report in the annual reports of 23 Islamic banks in Malaysia and Indonesia. The paper also investigates the disclosures about zakat (Islamic levy). Design/methodology/approach – The study is a cross-sectional analysis of annual report disclosures in the year 2009. The paper uses both disclosure indices and content analysis to measure the extent of disclosures about SSB and zakat. The paper also tests hypotheses examining the relationship between SSB characteristics and the extent of the SSB-related and zakat disclosures. Findings – The results indicate that SSB-related and zakat disclosures are still limited, with only four banks disclosing more than half of the SSB Index. What is noticeable is the low level of disclosure on sensitive matters. Among the factors associated with SSB-related disclosures are ...


The school built circa 1900 is nestled in a wedge of land between two dirt roads. The white clapboard build ing, which serves about 25 Amish children in grades 1-8, has a combination wood/coal stove, unpainted wood floors, and four sets of large single pane windows on each side of the school. The unheated porch serves as a site to place personal belongings such as boots, coats, and lunch pails. Four rows of desks face the front of the classroom and the teacher's desk. The one-room school has no electricity. Most of the public would assume that the above is a his torical portrayal of a one-room school of the early 1900s. Instead, it is a description of an Amish school in Holmes County, Ohio, June 2000. The school is similar in both struc ture and instruction to that of many public one-room schools in the United States in the early 1900s. In fact, this struc ture was originally built and utilized as a public one-room


Productivity impacts were greater for private firms in counties with high population and low education, write Stephen Gibbons and Wenjie Wu