Abstract : The proneness to implement software programs into the civil engineering industry began as pedagogical concerns for the future as civil engineer. Land surveying, a specialized subdivision of civil engineering, depends heavily on the computerization of the industry. PLAXIS is a program that has been developed specifically for the analysis of deformation, stability, and stress in geotechnical engineering. Shahpur is a town in Burhanpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Shahpur is located at 21.23°N 76.22°E. The land used for study of soil behavior and soil investigation for proposed construction for improvement to water supply services in Nagar Parishad Shahpur, district Burhanpur (MP). The test result obtained from the MNTRL is studied using Plaxis 2D (BENTLEY). The first 9 meters of soil layer consists of Yellowish stiff to hard silty sandy clay, next 11 meters consists of very dense medium coarse grain clayey silty sand with fine gravel. The bore hole terminates at a depth of 20 meters. The modeling of mentioned site is going to be done by Plaxis 2D Software. The FEM analysis of 15 nodes element will be carried out by using Mohr-Coulomb model. The generated mess of borehole will be analysed with different phase condition of staged construction using various soil input parameters provided. The result obtained will be analysed using deformed mess, effective stress, void ratio, plastic points, tension cut-off points and cohesion on different node points of element.


Last February, responding to U.S. passage of the Telecommunications Reform Act, John Perry Barlow, writer, lyricist for the Grateful Dead, and co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, disseminated on-line "A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace."1 In this polemic, he declared cyberspace independent of external sovereignty. His assertion generated much discussion, pro and con, leading Barlow to respond publicly in Wired magazine.2 Although a federal court ruled that the Communications Decency Act"s content-based regulation of the Internet medium violates the U.S. Constitution"s First Amendment, Barlow"s broad rejection of State jurisdiction over cyberspace remains in force and, as I will show, subject to criticism.


This article revisits Rogers Brubaker's well-known triadic nexus, consisting of national minority, nationalizing state, and kin-state, and interrogates its applicability to the study of German minorities in Central and Eastern Europe since the second half of the 20th century. It does that by looking at German–Romanian relations after the Second World War, arguing that the migration of Romanian Germans to (West) Germany led to the transformation of Brubaker's triadic nexus into a quadratic nexus. More precisely, the field of Romanian Germans in (West) Germany has to be added to the three already existing fields. Furthermore, the extension of Brubaker's model allows in effect for a more comprehensive analysis of postwar West German–Eastern European relationships.


The Law of the Sea is concretely inserted in the social order, regulated in conventions and international treaties. From the current legislation, especially the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, it is intended to analyze the case of the expansion of the Brazilian continental shelf, by a critical-interpretative analysis of the Blue Amazon. A juridical panorama will be drawn about the theme, aiming theoretical and legal aspects. It will be analyzed the historical elements of the Law of the Sea, the codification of the oceans through the development of international custom in critique of the subject, this study was divided into two chapters. The methodology used was the bibliographical research in doctrine and legislation. Key-Words: Law of the Sea. Continental Shelf Expansion. Blue Amazon.


Two investigations of the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in adult women were made when nitrogen loss was induced by omission of lysine in one period. The normal food diet provided 10 g nitrogen, 680 mg tryptophan and 10 mg niacin. The semi-purified diet provided 10 g nitrogen, 255 mg tryptophan and 2.5 mg niacin in study 1 and 10 in study 2. A niacinamide test load indicated niacin tissue depletion in study 1 but not in study 2. A sharp increase in nitrogen retention was observed in both terminal normal food periods which followed semi-purified food periods in which there was small retention. N-Methylnicotinamide and 2-pyridone urinary excretions increased during nitrogen loss in study 2. An average of 1.7% of tryptophan was excreted as an increase in metabolites. Calculations showed that 59.2 mg tryptophan were equivalent to 1 mg niacin and efficiency of conversion was 3.0%. It is suggested that a specific percentage of tryptophan is always converted to niacin regardless of protein metabolism status.


Eigenspace estimation is fundamental in machine learning and statistics, which has found applications in PCA, dimension reduction, and clustering, among others. The modern machine learning community usually assumes that data come from and belong to different organizations. The low communication power and the possible privacy breaches of data make the computation of eigenspace challenging. To address these challenges, we propose a class of algorithms called \textsf{FedPower} within the federated learning (FL) framework. \textsf{FedPower} leverages the well-known power method by alternating multiple local power iterations and a global aggregation step, thus improving communication efficiency. In the aggregation, we propose to weight each local eigenvector matrix with {\it Orthogonal Procrustes Transformation} (OPT) for better alignment. To ensure strong privacy protection, we add Gaussian noise in each iteration by adopting the notion of \emph{differential privacy} (DP). We provide convergence bounds for \textsf{FedPower} that are composed of different interpretable terms corresponding to the effects of Gaussian noise, parallelization, and random sampling of local machines. Additionally, we conduct experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.


Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics of central neurocytoma(CNC) so as to further realize the tumor and avoid misdiagnosis.Methods We analyzed the features of six cases by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods.Results The age of the six cases ranged from 17 to 36(average 25.8 years)with all tumors localized in the lateral ventricles.Histologically,all tumors were composed of small uniform round cells with clear cytoplasm and had a honeycomb pattern.The cell-free island of neuropil matrix was the most dominant feature.Immunohistochemical study demonstrated strong positive for NeuN and Syn,and negative for GFAP and NF.Conclusion CNC is a well-differentiated neuronal tumor.Its clinical behavior is considered benign and its prognosis is usually favorable.The importance of immunohistochemical for its diagnosis is emphasized.


With Zhuozheng park and other famous parks as the example,it discusses the gardening arts from aspects of scenery structure and sunlight and shade embodiment,summarizes the features,such as seeing big things through small ones,takes water as the soul,coordination of mountain stone and plants,with a view to guide relevant designers to have deep understanding for south of the Yangtze River private gardens in Qing dynasty.


The beauty of the UN is that it always bounces back. It comes back to life again and again. Indeed, on several occasions during its tumultuous existence of a little over forty nine years so far, it was ignored, slighted and incapacitated. Often in the name of power politics, power economics and strategic imperatives, the powerful forces played havoc with it and created doubts regarding its relevance and usefulness. In fact, on more than one occasion, it was not found around in hours of need and often seemed to be callously unconcerned. Often this world body created to serve the best interests of the people suggested being nothing more than a global nothing. Nevertheless, the UN always managed to re-emerge out of the shadows, shrieks and smokes of wars, conflicts and controversies and proclaimed itself eis a living thing, as a moving force and as a basic global need.


This paper aims to present and perspectives on evaluating accounting theory in accounting. Today, accounting is characterized by / a variety of theories, despite the efforts of the IASB and FASB to create a unique theory to be validated. The evaluation is defined by how to choose the measurement basis and the concept of capital. Research technique is based on literature review, the regulation of accounting normalization. . Documentary research, analytical research and comparative analysis are used to determine impact on enterprise performance measurement bases.


Objective: The present study was conducted aimed to investigating predicting preterm labor based on vaginal PH and cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 168 pregnant women between 22 and 24 weeks of pregnancy. Cervical length and vaginal PH was measured. The patients were followed up till delivery and the gestational age were recorded. Data were collected using information forms and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: In this study mean age was 28.86±6 years. Mean cervical length and vaginal PH were significantly lower and higher in women with preterm labor than women with term labor. Conclusions: This study showed vaginal PH and cervical length are the preterm labor predictors and the risk of preterm labor in short cervix is higher than alkaline vagina.


In order to enhance magnetic properties of hybrid Pr2(Fe,Co)14B/PrCo5 magnets, partial substitution of Fe for Co in the PrCo5 component was made. This substitution resulted in significant deterioration of intrinsic coercivity of PrCo5 and of the hot compacted hybrid Pr2 (Fe,Co)14B/PrCo5. However, after hot deformation, the intrinsic coercivity of hybrid Pr2(Fe,Co) 14B/Pr(Co1-xFex)5 increased with increasing Fe content in the Pr(Co1-xFex)5 component up to x=0.3. The SEM/EDS analysis revealed the formation of a Pr-rich Pr2(Co0.64Fe0.36)7 phase at the interface of Pr2(Fe,Co)14B and Pr(Co,Fe)5 . However, the mechanism of the coercivity enhancement is yet to be elucidated


Existing streaming mechanisms have no consideration for the characteristics of streaming applications because they only consider network stability. In this paper, in order to overcome limitations of the previous work on video streaming, we propose a new video streaming mechanism called "HAViS(Hybrid Approach for Video Streaming)". The proposed mechanism includes more sophisticated features that consider both network and user requirements. Therefore, the HAViS mechanism improves the network stability by adjusting the sending rate of video stream based on the network state and it also provides the smooth playback by preventing the buffer underflow or overflow. Moreover, it is designed to take into consideration the streaming video content. Through the simulation, we prove that the HAViS mechanism efficiently uses the buffer resources and provides improved network stability and smooth playback.


This paper shares one learning technique for honing undergraduate students' personal competencies. The senior accounting capstone course at a small Midwestern private liberal college includes a weekly seminar series, called the Friday Forum, where students and practitioners meet to discuss a current professional accounting article. Since Spring 2004, when the course was first offered, Friday Forum has evolved into a key course component. Following a brief review of the relevant literature, the paper continues with an overview of the capstone course, describes the workings of the Friday Forum, provides student and practitioner feedback about Friday Forum, and closes with an examination of the Forum's advantages and drawbacks from the instructor's four-year experience with it. Suggestions are included about how to adapt Friday Forum to larger classroom environments.


Tian Liang, who took men's 10 platform title at the 21 st Universiade(大运会) in Bei-jing on Monday, is one of the shinning stars of the Games.


One newCo(III) complex {[CoL3]3(CH3OH)3}8 [HL= format]was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized. Single crystal Xray diffraction analysis revealed that the Co(III) is six-coordinate by six oxygen atoms of six L ligand. Crystal data: triclinic, space group R-3c, a =8.2379(12)A, b=8.2379(12)A, c=22.353(5)A,ii=90°, i¢ =90°, = 120°, V = 1313.7(4)A3, Z= 2,D= 1.684Mg·m-3.


Seventy five percent of Turkey's population lived in rural areas until 1950's, with the industrialization and urbanization process internal migration started. Population growth in rural areas, agricultural mechanization and fragmentation of the existing land by inheritance had resulted in an increase in employement and low living standarts which accelerated the migration.
It is known that the migration can cause psychological and physical distress which mostly affects women and children. The women can face post-traumatic stress disorder, cultural conflicts, changes in family roles and domestic problems such as violence. While it can create fear and introversion on children.
In this study, one hundred migrant women were selected randomly in Adana province. Majority of them migrated from rural areas. Economic and social factors were the main reason of their migration. Their education level is low and they work in mostly service sector. More than half of them smoke and they started to smoking after migration. They do not have health insurance and they are not fully informed about the health benefits even if they are eligible. Most of them experienced miscarriage and they indicated that birth control is necessary. After migration they had some psychological problems and strated to get antidepression medication. They are expecting more support from government especially in their health and education problems.


We propose new nulling vectors for the subcarrier grouping based low-complexity detection scheme of V-BLAST (vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time) coded MIMO-OFDM. In each subcarrier group, the center subcarrier uses the conventional ZF-DFE (zero-forcing decision-feedback- equalization) algorithm and the non-center subcarriers use the reduced-complexity ZF-DFE with the new nulling vectors. The subcarrier grouping based detection scheme, ZF-DFE-SG, can significantly reduce the detection complexity compared with ZF-DFE-EX which exhaustively applies the conventional ZF-DFE at each subcarrier independently. The performance loss is very small. We conduct the simulations for channel coded V-BLAST OFDM system under estimated channel frequency responses. It is shown the complexity can be reduced by 80.6% with only 1.0 dB performance loss for a 4x4 system.


An outstanding Russian dentist, private associate professor of odontology Pyotr Fedorovich Fedorov, graduated from the Gatchina Nikolaevsky Institute and in 1976 entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy (IVMA), which he graduated in 1881 and where he subsequently worked for more than 20 years. It was he who was the founder of the system of training dental specialists, being the founder of the creation of the Department and clinic of Odontology in IVMA. After graduating from the IVMA, P.F. Fedorov tied his fate to the sea and served in the North as a naval doctor in Arkhangelsk on the military steam schooner Polar Star.
In 1891, the decision of the Academy's Conference on the creation of a private doctorate in dental diseases took place, the head of which was appointed Pyotr Fedorovich. As the initiator of this event, P.F. Fedorov is now recognized as the founder of the creation of Russian military dentistry, and 1891 is the year of the official birth of military dentistry as a separate clinical discipline. Already in 1892, P.F. Fedorov developed the first training program on dental diseases and began lecturing for students of the IVMA. P.F. Fedorov put a lot of effort into creating the Department of Dentistry of the Military Medical Academy and the system of training medical specialists for the Russian Army and Navy.


The purpose of this study was to develop the "Roomeet" communication tool for supporting the online learning management of teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design uses research and development. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, while the data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysis, with steps of data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed that the "Roomeet" communication tool has been successfully developed in the form of video conferencing tools with superior features, namely automatic presence. In addition, the "Roomeet" communication tool is effective to support the online learning management of teachers, especially in administrating the presence and absence of students. Based on the findings, it is better to use the tool in the administration of the classroom.


We investigate the linear growth rate of cosmological matter density perturbations in a viable f (R) model both numerically and analytically. We find that the growth rate in the scalar-tensor regime can be characterized by a simple analytic formula. We also investigate a prospect of constraining the Compton wavelength scale of the f (R) model with a future weak lensing survey.


Electrical transport properties of cobalt doped polyaniline in an aqueous ethanol medium were investigated in the temperature range 77 ⩽ T ⩽ 300 K, applying magnetic fields up to 1 T in the frequency range 20 Hz–1 MHz. The room temperature dc resistivity increases with increase in Co content. The dc resistivity and magnetoresistivity of these samples have been interpreted in terms of the variable range hopping theory. The frequency dependence of conductivity has been described by a power law σ(ω) ∝ ωS. The value of s is found to be temperature dependent, which shows a decreasing trend with temperature. The correlated barrier hopping model is the most likely mechanism for the electron transport. The different physical parameters were calculated from the experimental data.


The buccal segment of the alimentary groove requires little comment. It is readily accessible to clinical examination and requires no special instrumental or radiological method for assessing the presence and extent of its tumours. The normal alimentary grooves can be outlined quite simply using a "barium swallow technique". Radiographs taken in this fashion, although primarily of value in showing the laryngopharyngeal segment of the alimentary channel also show the remaining two segments. Studies of the normal buccal portion of the groove are of particular interest since it would appear that the palato-glossal sulcus can be regularly identified as barium seems to "pocket" in this region in the same way as it collects in the vallecula fossa (Fig. 40). From the anatomical structure of the palatoglossal sulcus, it is simple to understand why pocketing of barium occurs in this region during the buccal phase of swallowing. The floor of the sulcus being devoid of muscle presumably accommodates fluid under dist...


We have observed the host galaxy of GRB 990712 at 1.4 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, to obtain an estimate of its total star-formation rate. We do not detect a source at the position of the host. The 2 upper limit of 70 Jy implies that the total star-formation rate is lower than 100 M yr 1 ,u sing conservative values for the spectral index and cosmological parameters. This upper limit is in stark contrast with recent reports of radio/submillimeter-determined star-formation rates of500 M yr 1 for two other GRB host galaxies. Our observations present the deepest radio-determined star-formation rate limit on a GRB host galaxy yet, and show that also from the unobscured radio point-of-view, not every GRB host galaxy is a vigorous starburst.


An exhaust gas recycling control system includes a combination device, having inlet and exhaust ends. The exhaust end is connected to the inlet end by a recycling tube which has a control valve to control an open or closed state. An oxygen sensor mounted detects oxygen content in an exhaust gas and convert the oxygen content detected signal into a voltage signal sent to a controller. The controller controls the control valve to open or close. When the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is higher than a threshold, the control valve opens, and a high oxygen content of exhaust gas flows through the recycling tube to the inlet end. The exhaust gas recycling control system controls an exhaust gas recycling flow according to the oxygen content in the exhaust gas for reusing the high-temperature exhaust gas and thus achieves energy saving and carbon emission reduction effects and achieves optimization of combustion efficiency.


In this paper, it monitors subgrade deformation of a new built road of season frozen area through embedding displacement sensor during the construction period of the subgrade and strain sensor into the pavement. The sensors are placed three-dimensionally in different geological conditions and different sections to reflect the deformation rule of subgrade and pavement. It provides the technical support for transportation infrastructure construction of season frozen area.


Mono- and 1,1-dinitrocyclobutanes (highly diluted in Ar) were pyrolyzed at temperatures 860–1300 K in reflected shocks. Activation energies for their initial fragmentations were derived from measurements of relative rates of species loss, compared to cyclobutyl chloride and isopropyl bromide: kuni(NCB) = 9.66 × 1012 exp (-25264/T), s-1, kuni(DNCB) = 6.26 × 1012 exp (-21087/T), s-1 The production and decay of NO2 was monitored in real time via its absorption at 405 nm. The identity and amounts of the species produced during 1.3 ms residence time were determined by FTIR and GC analysis of samples extracted from the tube terminus, after being quenched by an expansion wave. Plausible mechanisms that account for the observed product distributions are proposed. In a computational Appendix, the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations are presented for enthalpies and entropies of several mono-substituted cyclobutanes and for 1,1-dinitrocyclobutane, as well as for selected fragmentation products.


For a humanoid robot to make eye contact and initiate communication with a person, it is necessary to estimate the person's head position. However, eye contact becomes difficult due to the mechanical delay of the robot when the person is moving. Owing to these issues, it is important to conduct a head-position prediction to mitigate the effect of the delay in the robot motion. Based on the fact that humans turn their heads before changing direction while walking, we hypothesized that the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) head-position prediction from a first-person view can be improved by considering the head pose. We compared our method with a conventional Kalman filter-based approach, and found our method to be more accurate. The experiment results show that considering the head pose helps improve the accuracy of 3D head-position prediction.


The method of calculating the optimal parameters of sharpening the teeth of internal broaches. The values of stitching from the front surface of teeth defined by two criteria bluntness: the length of the wear and tear on the back edge and the radius of curvature of cutting edge.


In this Letter, a novel approach is used for improving the Bit Error Rate (BER) for non-stationary environment based spectrum sensing. Here, we have considered Converged Welch's Power Spectral Density (PSD) for analyzing of power. The signal of interest is thus further studied in terms of BER keeping the antenna and channel parameters constant. The proposed method yields an improvement of 34.6% as compared with the conventional method.


Experiments were carried out in a bench-scale packed-bed reactor composed of mercury vapour generator and carrier gases to test the mercury removal effects of polymeric DBA materials. The results show ed that DBA4 removed more than 96% mercury w hen the initial mercury concentration was as high as 250 μg /m3,exhibiting bright industry application prospects.


Our interest in this paper is the future of the holography industry. As a commercial entity, that industry has a 20-year history and has consistently grown. But the past year has seen that growth falter for the first time. There are several factors influencing this slowdown in growth, some of them external. But the industry is at a crossroads and it can continue along its established path, which is unlikely to see growth return to past levels; or it can look for new challenges, new products and new markets, seeking a return to major growth in new directions. We recognise that most of the participants in Practical Holography may perceive themselves to be distant from the hologram industry, or protected from its fortunes. Many of those here are researchers in academe, or specialist research organisations; others are from the research labs of large companies, for which holography is only a small part of a large business; some of you are artists or independent holographers. But no-one in the holography community is isolated -- it is a community, and like any community its members are interdependent or co-dependent. So what happens in the industry is likely to affect, directly or indirectly, many of you here.


Nurses are seeing an increasing number of patients with foot problems related to their diabetes. If they are to make accurate assessments and provide appropriate documentation, they need to have some knowledge of the structure of the foot, as this will assist them in describing the site of an injury or ulcer.


Geophysical models constitute an important component of calibration for nuclear explosion monitoring. We will focus on four major topics and their applications: (1) surface wave models, (2) receiver function profiles, (3) regional tomography models, and (4) stochastic geophysical models. First, we continue to improve upon our surface wave model by adding more paths. This has allowed us to expand the region to all of Eurasia and into Africa, increase the resolution of our model, and extend results to even shorter periods (7 sec). High-resolution models exist for the Middle East and the YSKP region. The surface wave results can be inverted either alone, or in conjunction with other data, to derive models of the crust and upper mantle structure. One application of the group velocities is to construct phase-matched filters in combination with regional surface-wave magnitude formulas to improve the mb:Ms discriminant and extend it to smaller magnitude events. Next, we are using receiver functions, in joint inversions with the surface waves, to produce profiles directly under seismic stations throughout the region. In the past year, we have been focusing on deployments throughout the Middle East, including the Arabian Peninsula and Turkey. By assembling the results from many stations, we more » can see how regional seismic phases are affected by complicated upper mantle structure, including lithospheric thickness and anisotropy. The next geophysical model item, regional tomography models, can be used to predict regional travel times such as Pn and Sn. The times derived by the models can be used as a background model for empirical measurements or, where these don't exist, simply used as is. Finally, we have been exploring methodologies such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to generate data-driven stochastic models. We have applied this technique to the YSKP region using surface wave dispersion data, body wave travel time data, receiver functions, and gravity data. The models can be used to predict a number of geophysical measurements, including waveforms that can be generating using techniques such as finite difference and spectral element modeling. « less


Undiluted culture filtrates of two commercial products of Trichoderma spp., Trichopel and Trichoflow, and two isolates of Penicillium citrinum completely inhibited the conidial germination of macroconidia of Claviceps africana, the cause of ergot or sugary disease of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in vitro. Similarly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia completely inhibited macroconidial germination, with the former being more effective at high dilutions. In contrast, these bacterial isolates failed to inhibit infection in vivo in glasshouse tests with ergot-inoculated sorghum, but all fungal biocontrol agents (including an isolate of Epicoccum nigrum) reduced the severity of disease (percentage of infected spikelets per panicle), in some cases completely inhibiting the development of ergot. In a second glasshouse trial, optimum control was achieved when the biocontrol agents were applied 3-7 days before inoculation with conidia of C. africana.


A three-dimensional boundary-node method without any integration cells has been formulated. In the proposed method, an implicit surface is assumed as a surface boundary, and the 3D local coordinates are used to evaluate surface integrals. Numerical experiments illustrate that although the computational costs of the proposed method are larger than those of the boundary element method (BEM), the proposed method enables the evaluation of surface integrals without any integration cells. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed method is almost the same as that of the BEM for the Laplace problem.


Phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) was anchored onto the sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles. This insulating molecular layer effectively inhibited the charge recombination at the interface of TiO2/electrolyte in the dye–sensitized solar cells (DSCs) without sacrificing the dye-loading capacity of the nanocrystalline TiO2. DSCs using PTMSmodified TiO2 exhibited a short-circuit current (JSC) of 15.9 mA/cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 789 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 68.2%, yielding an overall conversion efficiency () of 8.55% under 100 mW/cm 2 illumination. The resulting cell efficiency was improved by ~10% as compared with the reference cell.


ABSTRACT This article proposes that the study of Indian foreign policy and Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) offers a "win-win situation" for scholarship. On the one hand, this bridge-building exercise leads to a better understanding of the making and substance of Indian foreign policy. On the other hand, it advances FPA in both theoretical and empirical terms, thus contributing to overcoming FPA's US/Western bias and to decentering the field more generally. Framing the argument in terms of levels of analysis, we offer specific contributions to the understanding of foreign policy in areas such as leadership traits, poliheuristic theory, coalition politics, and state-society influences. Moreover, this line of research suggests the contours of a new comparative foreign policy agenda which could emerge from this examination of Indian foreign policy.


Prior Go/NoGo studies have localized specific regions and EEG spectra for which traditional approaches have distinguished between Go and NoGo conditions. A more detailed characterization of the spatial distribution and timing of the synchronization of frequency bands would contribute substantially to the clarification of neural mechanisms that underlie performance of the Go/NoGo task.


Aiming to clarify the environmental impact caused by transportation activities in sectors of Vietnam, this study uses the Input-Output (IO) model to assess energy consumptions and air emissions from railway, road traffic, waterway, transport service as well as aviation vehicles in 2016. The data is based on the 2012 IO table updated for 2016. All sectors of the original IO table are aggregated into 38 sectors where the transport service sectors are kept intact for the deeper analysis. The energy consumptions of transport activities are determined based on the net contribution rate of fuels to each product/service sector and the calorific value of each fuel type. Then multiplying with the corresponding emission factors of CO2, NOx and SO2, the respective emissions from above sectors are calculated. The results show the contribution of transport activities in total emissions of each product/service sector and compare these numbers among all the sectors. Additionally, the study evidences that among transportation service sectors, the road traffic occupies the highest rate in term of energy consumptions and air emissions as well.


A fully three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model is applied to simulate the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field in cluster galaxies interacting with the intra-cluster medium (ICM). As the model input we use time-dependent gas velocity fields resulting from 3D N-body sticky-particle simulations of a galaxy. The modeled clouds are affected by the ram pressure due to their rapid motion through the ICM in the central part of a cluster. Numerical simulations have shown that after the initial compression phase due to ram pressure, a process of gas re-accretion onto the galactic disk takes place. We find that the gas re-accretion leads to an increase of the total magnetic energy without any dynamo action. The simulated magnetic fields are used to construct the model maps of high-frequency (Faraday rotation-free) polarized radio emission. We show that the evolution of the polarized intensity shows features that are characteristic of di fferent evolutionary stages of an ICM-ISM interaction. The comparison of polarized radio continuum emission maps with our model permits us to determine whether the galaxy is in the compression or in the re-accretion phase. It also provides an important constraint upon the dynamical modeling of ICM-ISM interactions.


The research progress of pulsed electromagnetic-field sterilization technology was reviewed.The characteristics,the sterilization mechanism,as well as the application in food industry of pulsed electromagnetic-field sterilization technology were mainly introduced.


A collection of fourteen introductory essays, Hegel's Thought in Europe is, in Herzog's words, 'the first to offer a broad perspective on different European non-Marxist receptions of Hegel's philosophy in their different social and cultural contexts' (3). The volume covers four geographical regions of Hegel's reception: Eastern Europe, Germany and Scandinavia, Great Britain, and Italy and France. Although the volume deals with well-studied themes related to Hegel's influence on European thought, it also includes chapters that detail some of the less-known receptions of his work. For instance, one essay describes the Romanian thinker Constantin Noica's attempt to present Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in the form of a tale, while another relates how the Italian scholar Giovanni Gentile used Hegel's political thought to defend a totalitarian regime. Unfortunately, however, the philosophical value of these engagements with Hegel's thought is often unclear––as some authors of the essays openly admit. Vadim Shkolnikov, for example, acknowledges that the contribution of the three Russian thinkers that he discusses—Bakhunin, Belinsky and Herzen—to the history of philosophy is 'negligible' (18). In this review, I will set aside the more historically-oriented contributions and focus on the articles with clearer philosophical import. Of the essays that deal with the reception of Hegel's political philosophy, Douglas Moggach and Widukind De Ridder discuss Max Stirner's criticism of Young Hegelianism. The focal point of Stirner's criticism lies in his notion of 'the unique' [das Einzige], which he opposes to the universalism that Young Hegelianism inherited from the Enlightenment. Instead of understanding freedom in terms of the autonomy of the subject, Stirner conceives of freedom in terms of the freedom to consume and fulfill one's particular desires. Moreover, for Stirner, the I is not a law-giving and self-transparent subject, but eludes full conceptualization. Interestingly, Moggach and De Ridder warn against exclusively conceiving of Stirner's conception of freedom and the I as a new theory of the subject. Rather, Stirner's philosophical contribution lies in taking issue with the very possibility of formulating a comprehensive view of the human subject. doi:10.1017/hgl.2016.50 Hegel Bulletin, 39/2, 376–381 © The Hegel Society of Great Britain, 2016


This article discusses the challenges of the new era of the Information Age and how the Internet has impacted the publishing business. The article discusses publishing highlights of the individual AWWA publications such as Journal AWWA, MainStream, Opflow, Waterweek, books and media, and how AWWA has worked to keep its members informed using the latest in publishing technology at a pace that is in keeping with members' needs. The article discusses Waternet, AWWA's bibliographic database and storehouse of AWWA intellectual property and how it has recently been used as the basis of the AWWA Water Library?, a web technology that will allow users to search for information electronically. Present day publishing challenges, publishing trends, future publishing issues, and AWWA's role as information provider are all discussed.


Ahighspecie cimpulseionthrusteroperatedatavoltageof10kVhasbeen studied,andtheproblemsofdirection impingementontheacceleratinggridandcharge-exchangeionproductionand impingementhavebeen considered. These problems are addressed by considering the use of four or more grids (multiple-grid system). To evaluate these multiple grid systems, a three-dimensional particle simulation code that employs 1) an energy compensation method, 2) a simplie ed sheath dee nition method, and 3) a high-speed coding was developed. It was cone rmed that results from this simulation are obtained at a high-speed and are in good agreement with experimental data. With use of this code, several multiple-grid systems were evaluated. Nomenclature a = acceleration h = length between mesh points I = current m = mass n = number density q = charge density r, z, µ = cylindrical coordinate t = time V = voltage v = velocity x, y = Cartesian coordinate " = dielectric constant A = electric potential ae = cross section Subscripts


A simple high yielding method for the integration of heterocyclic rings viz. 1,3,4-oxadiazole and azetidin-2-one at the benzophenone nucleus has been developed starting from substituted 2-hydroxybenzophenones, and by using mild conditions, wet solid surface, and microwave irradiation. A comparison of this microwave-accelerated reaction with conventional heating condition is also illustrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:37–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10210


Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Michael I. Buchoff, 3 Norman H. Christ, H.-T. Ding, Rajan Gupta, Chulwoo Jung, F. Karsch, 7 Zhongjie Lin, R. D. Mawhinney, Greg McGlynn, Swagato Mukherjee, David Murphy, P. Petreczky, Chris Schroeder, R A. Soltz, P. M. Vranas, and Hantao Yin Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94550, USA Institute for Nuclear Theory, Box 351550, Seattle, WA 98195-1550, USA Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory,Upton, NY 11973, USA Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany


The interaction with the lower ionosphere of rapidly varying electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) produced by lightning discharges is studied. The nonlinear heating, ionization and optical emission production are modeled using the Monte Carlo technique, which allows for consideration of realistic lightning EMPs with a few μs rise times. Results indicate that the electron distribution function is highly anisotropic during the first few μs of the interaction, but subsequently develops into a near-isotropic quasi-stationary state. The peak optical emissions intensities are found to be highly dependent on the EMP waveform, while the altitude range at which the emissions occur is relatively independent of pulse shape. Results of the particle simulation are used to assess the range of applicability of the quasi-stationary models [Taranenko et al., 1993 ; Inan et al., 1996].


Fossati et al., "Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/ 4-aminophenaZone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine." Clin Chem., 1980, vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 227-231.* Vojinovi? et al., "Assay of H2O2 by HRP catalysed co-oxidation of phenol-4-Sulphonic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine: characterisation and optimization." J. Mol. Catal. B:Enzym., 2004, vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 129-135* Aprint-out retrieved Jul. 11, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Methanesulfonic acid. A print-out retrieved Mar. 11, 2015 from https://fscimage.fishersci. commsdSf95551.htm. PCT Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2013/ 033429 mailed on Jun. 19, 2013. Andrews, P.C., and Krinsky, N.I. (1982) Quantitative determination of myeloperoxidase using tetramethylbenzidine as substrate. Anal Biochem. 127:346-350. Bos, E.S., et al. (1981),3,3,5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine as an Ames test negative chromogen for horse-radish peroxidase in enzyme-im munoassay. J. Immunoassay. 2: 187-204. Frey, A., et al. (2000) A stable and highly sensitive 3,3,5,5'tetramethylbenzidine-based substrate reagent for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J. Immunol. Methods 233:47-56. Holland, V.R., et al. (1974) A safer substitute for benzidine in the detection of blood. Tetrahedron 30:3299-3302. Josephy, P.D., et al. (1982) The horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 3,5,3',5'-tetramethylbenzidine. J. Biol. Chem. 257:3669 3675. Josephy, P.D., et al. (1983) Co-oxidation of benzidine by prostaglandin synthase and comparison with the action of horserad ish peroxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 258:5561-5569. Keener, W.K., and Watwood, M.E. (2004) Chloride analysis using 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine and chloroperoxidase. Anal. Biochem. 334:406-408. Liem, H.H., et al. (1979) Quantitative determination of hemoglobin and cytochemical staining for peroxidase using 3,3,5,5'tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride, a safe substitute for benzidine. Anal. Biochem.98:388-393. Morrell, J.I.. et al. (1981) Comparison of horseradish peroxidase visualization methods. quantitative results andfilrther technical spe cifics. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29:903-916. Ping, Z. et al. (2000) Enzyme immunoassay using a crossed-beam thermal lens technique. Microchemical Journal 64:257-262. (Continued)


Among patients undergoing RRT for ESKD, there are significant differences in quality of life by treatment modality. Users of in-center hemodialysis therapy have the poorest average quality of life, less than users of home dialysis—peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis—and considerably less


The topic of this thesis falls in the field of system approximation. The original large-scale and parameter-dependent model is reduced to a smaller model which approximates the transfer function of the original model while the parameter dependence is retained in the reduced model. The simplified model is then succesfully used instead of the original model in a large variety of applications. The models stem from the Maxwell grid equations, which are obtained from the continuous Maxwell equations with the help of the Finite Integration Theory (FIT). In general, a variety of parameters is possible for electromagnetic field problems. In this work though, the focus has been set to material and geometry parameters with particular emphasis on the latter.

To this purpose, two main strategies are followed. The first strategy is based on already existing work on parametric order reduction which are not applicable in the form naturally obtained by the Maxwell grid equations. Therefore, a linearization step is shown that appropriately adapts the FIT systems to the desired form.

An alternative approach is based on using the system in the form directly obtained from the Maxwell grid equations, and defines the projection matrix of the parametric systems as the composition of local projection matrices. This method provides more flexibility in the geometry variation than the approach described above. The methods developed in this thesis have been applied to several numerical examples.


The invention discloses a square phase Er/BiVO4 visible-light-driven photocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The photocatalyst mainly comprises BiVO4 and adopts a square hyacinth structure, and BiVO4 crystal lattices comprise Er . The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and ammonium metavanadate into water to obtain a bismuth salt solution and a vandic salt solution; dripping the vandic salt solution into the bismuth salt solution at the molar ratio of Bi to V of 1:1 to obtain a mixed solution; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to be 8.5; then adding neodymium nitrate hexahydrate, where the molar ratio of Er to Bi is (4.17-13.63):100; adopting a microwave hydrothermal method to perform thermal insulation at the power of 300 W and the temperature of 180 DEG C for 35 min to prepare the Er/BiVO4. The visible-light-driven photocatalyst having the square phase structure and quickly synthesized by using the method has favorable photocatalysis activity, can be used for degrading organic materials, is simple in preparation process and convenient to operate, is short in preparation cycle, and is controllable in crystal phase structure and shape of crystals.


: The interference of resistance between the two catamaran hulls is a very popular topic to discuss. Errors in designing hull form and determining the distance between the hull will result in a large amount of interference that causes the resistance of the catamaran increased. Some researchers try to reduce the resistance of catamaran due to interference such as changing the shape of the demihull, giving a bulbous bow, and adding a center bulb. The idea to use center bulb on catamarans is still relatively new and still requires a lot of studies. Therefore, in this study the elliptical center bulb will be replaced with a foil-shaped center bulb. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal length ( 𝑋1 ) and diameter ( 𝑋2 ) foil-shaped centrebulb on the NPL hull catamaran scale model with Fr 0.7 using Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimal size of foil-shaped center bulb is determined by the size that the most makes of ship wave resistance (Rw) to a minimum. The results of the regression equation in Order 1 are 𝑅𝑤 (cid:3404) (cid:3398)0.168𝑋1 (cid:3397) 0.378𝑋2 (cid:3397) 14.862 and the results of the regression equation in Order 2 are 𝑅𝑤 (cid:3404) (cid:3398)0.020239𝑋1 (cid:3397) 0.061318𝑋2 (cid:3397) 0.201557(cid:4666)𝑋1(cid:4667) (cid:2870) (cid:3397) 0.261325(cid:4666)𝑋2(cid:4667) (cid:2870) (cid:3397) 0.015(cid:4666)𝑋1𝑋2(cid:4667) (cid:3397) 13.34806 . Optimal center bulb size is obtained at a length of 103.78 mm and a diameter of 26.30 mm with a wave resistance value of 13.23 N. The center bulb size can reduce wave resistance by 11.74% from the initial center bulb model and reduce 4.72% compared to not using a center bulb.


Formed in 1991, shortly after the fall of Communism, the Visegrad Four (the V4) is a platform for consultation and cooperation between four Central European countries—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and ...


Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of interferon(INF) for treating multiple myeloma(MM) in China.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of INF for treating MM were collected from CNKI(1989-2011),CBMdisc(1989-2011),and VIP(1989-2011) databases.Other relevant journals were also hand-searched.The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated,and data analyses were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.0.Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 366 patients were included.As for the total effective rate,significant differences were found between INF +MP(M: melphalan,P: prednison) and MP a1one [OR=4.52,95%CI(1.84,11.10),P=0.001].As for the total effective rate and complete remission rate,significant differences were found between INF+VAD(P)(V: vincristine,A: Doxorubicin,D: Dexamethasone/prednison) and VAD(P) alone [OR=4.13,95%CI(1.53,11.14),P=0.005;OR=3.88,95%CI(1.49,10.16),P=0.006].The total effective rate and complete remission rate were also significantly different between chemical treatment + INF and chemical treatment alone [OR=2.57,95%CI(1.11,5.96),P=0.03;OR=3.17,95%CI(1.21,8.27),P=0.02].Conclusions According to the domestic evidence,treatment for MM with INF can improve the total effective rate and the complete remission rate.However,more high quality,large sample,randomized,double blind controlled trials are required.


A convenient route for the preparation of water soluble polythiophenes is described. Reactions involving highly active zinc metal show unique properties, viz. tolerance of the ester group and regioselectivity to the thiophene ring. Poly [3-(ethyl-n-alkanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl]s, poly [3-(n-carboxyalkyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl]s, and poly [3-(potassium- n-alkanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl]s were easily prepared by utilizing highly active zinc.


This paper presents the results of adjuvant "sandwich" radiotherapy for bladder cancer in 65 patients treated in a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase II study and at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. In this approach of adjuvant therapy, patients with clinical stages B or C bladder cancer were given low dose preoperative irradiation (500 rads) to the whole pelvis on the day before or on the day of surgery. Following cystectomy, patients were pathologically staged. Those with high grade (III or IV) stage B1 tumors or stages B2 or C were given 4500 rads in five weeks postoperative radiation. Thirty‐four of these 65 patients were entered in the RTOG protocol and 31 in the Jefferson Study. Twenty patients had early lesions (stage 0, A or B1, grade I–II) and did not receive postoperative irradiation. Six patients had stage D cancer and were given palliative therapy. Of 39 patients eligible for postoperative irradiation, 29 received the full course of pre‐ and postoperative irradiation. Ten patients did not receive treatment. Follow‐up ranged from six months to three years with a median of 18 months. Treatment was extremely well tolerated. Incidence of major complications was 6% (4/65). Local control of disease was excellent, with no failures in pelvis response. Actuarial survival at three years is 78%. At this preliminary analysis, these survival results appear to be better than those obtained with other approaches using preoperative irradiation and surgery.


This paper carefully examines the resilient modulus variations with water content for three subgrade soils—lean clay, clayey sand, and clayey gravel. For each soil type, four resilient modulus tests were performed at the following water contents: 2 to 3% dry of optimum, at optimum, 2 to 3% wet of optimum; and at full backpressure saturation. The backpressure-saturated samples were modeled at optimum and gained up to 6% moisture during saturation. The resilient modulus testing of the noon-saturated specimens was conducted according to AASHTO T307-99 and specific testing adjustments that were developed for the backpressure-saturated ones. After achieving saturation, the specimens were consolidated at a confining pressure equivalent to the stress level of pavement surcharge and then subjected to five levels of deviator stresses under undrained conditions. The test results were utilized together with in situ stresses in order to develop design curves for resilient modulus versus water content.


Upper-air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind observations made by balloon-borne radiosonde instruments have had important applications in weather prediction, upper-air climate research, and satellite data validation. However, measurement biases undermine their value in all of these applications, and various approaches have been taken to correct them. Here we present an analysis of temperature biases in radiosonde observations (raobs), with the intention of facilitating improvements in correction techniques.


The presence of high amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs) improves the overall quality of soybean seeds. However, these SSPs pose a major limitation due to their high abundance in soybean seeds. Although various technical advancements including mass-spectrometry and bioinformatics resources were reported, only limited infor-mation has been derived to date on soybean seeds at proteome level. Here, we applied a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify the significantly modulated proteins in the seeds of two soybean cultivars showing varying protein contents. This approach led to the identification of 5,678 proteins of which 13 and 1,133 proteins showed significant changes in Daewon (low-protein content cultivar) and Saedanbaek (high-protein content cultivar) respectively. Functional annotation revealed that proteins with increased abundance in Saedanbaek were mainly associated with the amino acid and protein metabolism involved in protein synthesis, folding, targeting, and degradation. Taken together, the results presented here provide a pipeline for soybean seed proteome analysis and contribute a better understanding of proteomic changes that may lead to alteration in the protein contents in soybean seeds.


Researchers kept on studying small-gap magnetic fluid over years.In order to meet the demand for large-gap static seal in the fields of aviation,aerospace,metallurgy,and so on.A test rig of magnetic fluid static seal is set up and specimens of magnetic fluid static seal are designed.With the test rig,in-depth study on magnetic fluid static seal is carried out.Through tests,the relationships among the failure pressure,the amount of injection of magnetic fluid,seal gap,seal temperature and magnetization intensity are deduced.Theoretically,the distribution of magnetic field in the specimen seal gap is calculated,the analytical expression of the relationship between static seal failure pressure and temperature is deduced,the maximum failure pressures in different gaps and different saturation magnetizations are calculated.The test and theoretical calculation results are analyzed in detail.The theoretical analysis and tests indicate that large-gap magnetic fluid static seal can withstand a certain pressure and has practical value.


Emotion-Based Reinforcement Learning Woo-Young Ahn 1 (email@example.com) Olga Rass 1 (firstname.lastname@example.com) Yong-Wook Shin 2 (firstname.lastname@example.com) Jerome R. Busemeyer 1 (firstname.lastname@example.com) Joshua W. Brown 1 (firstname.lastname@example.com) Brian F. O'Donnell 1 (firstname.lastname@example.com) 1 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University of Psychiatry, Ulsan University School of Medicine 2 Department Abstract rather than to maximize expected return. In decision affect theory, our emotional responses (R) are based on obtained outcomes, relevant comparisons, and beliefs about the likeli- hood of the outcomes: Studies have shown that counterfactual reasoning can shape human decisions. However, there is a gap in the litera- ture between counterfactual choices in description-based and experience-based paradigms. While studies using description- based paradigms suggest participants maximize expected sub- jective emotion, studies using experience-based paradigms as- sume that participants learn the values of options and se- lect what maximizes expected utility. In this study, we used computational modeling to test 1) whether participants make emotion-based decisions in experience-based paradigms, and 2) whether the impact of regret depends on its degree of unex- pectedness as suggested by the current regret theory. The re- sults suggest that 1) participants make emotion-based choices even in experience-based paradigms, and 2) the impact of re- gret is greater when it is expected than when it is unexpected. These results challenge the current theory of regret and suggest that reinforcement learning models may need to use counter- factual value functions when full information is provided. R Chosen Outcome Utility + Regret / Rejoice + Disappointment / Elation All counterfactual terms (regret, rejoice, disappointment, and elation) are weighted by their unexpectedness. Decision af- fect theory effectively explained various experimental results (Mellers et al., 1999) and Coricelli et al. (2005) used a mod- ified version of the theory to examine the neural correlates of regret using description-based paradigms. 1 Several studies have examined counterfactual decision- making using experience-based paradigms as well (Lohrenz, McCabe, Camerer, & Montague, 2007; Boorman, Behrens, & Rushworth, 2011; Hayden, Pearson, & Platt, 2009; Yechiam & Rakow, 2011). Although models used in the studies differ slightly from each other, all previous studies used reinforce- ment learning models, which assume that participants learn about chosen and foregone outcomes from trial-by-trial expe- rience and then choose an option that has the highest expected value. This study was developed from this gap in the liter- ature: to explain choice behaviors in description-based paradigms with full information, researchers have assumed participants would make emotion-based choices. To explain choice behaviors in experience-based paradigms, researchers have assumed that participants learn the obtained and fore- gone payoffs and do not make emotion-based choices. We tested whether individuals make emotion-based choices in experience-based paradigms by building computational mod- els for all competing hypotheses. This approach allowed us to quantitatively compare hypotheses in a rigorous way. Another aim of the study was to test whether regret would be weighted by its unexpectedness (i.e., surprising- ness). Mellers et al. (1999) claimed that "...unexpected out- Keywords: Decision making; Bayesian modeling; mathemat- ical modeling; regret; reinforcement learning. Introduction In our daily lives, we constantly face decisions to make and assess the costs and benefits of possible options (e.g., "Should I buy a lottery or just buy a snack with this money?", "Should I buy Apple or Google stock?"). Usually we know only the outcome of our choices. On rare occasions, we also know what would have happened if we had made different choices (e.g., stock market). Having 'complete feedback' (or full in- formation) under risk or uncertainty can evoke strong emo- tions such as regret or disappointment that are triggered by our capacity to reason counterfactually. The effects of counterfactual reasoning have received much attention, and several theories have been proposed. A grow- ing consensus suggests that disappointment and elation are elicited by comparison between different states (e.g., "my grant was not funded...") whereas regret and rejoice come from comparison between different choices (e.g., "I should have married another person..."). Also, the unique aspect of regret is a feeling of responsibility that comes with negative outcomes from choices. Among several theories of counterfactual decision-making, decision affect theory is regarded as one of the leading models (Mellers, Schwartz, & Ritov, 1999). Decision affect theory assumes that individuals make emotion-based choices and want to maximize subjective expected pleasure (or emotion) 1 In description-based paradigms, the outcomes of all options and their probabilities are provided to participants and participants rarely receive feedback. In experience-based paradigms, participants must learn the outcomes or their probabilities from their personal experi- ence (Hertwig, Barren, Weber, & Erev, 2004).


In this paper, a method for extracting class dependency information from Java class files is described. Advantages and disadvantages of using this method are discussed The problems of virtual dependence and synthetic methods are explained, and solutions offered. A convenient user interface is presented for making use of the dependency information in the form of an interactive UML class diagram, which is automatically generated from Java class files. This interface is a component of the jGRASP integrated development environment.


Medium-level cadres in universities form an indispensable mainstay force of universities,playing an important role in maintaining the effective operation of the university,participating in the making of strategies and assisting the implementation of the strategies and keeping the stability of the universities.In the school operation,the medium-level cadres play five roles: participants in the strategies,organizers and communicators,managers of departments,stabilizers and future leaders.These roles place higher demands on them.Therefore, in addition to requirements of skills,knowledge,experience and morality,the capability model should be constructed in terms of management ability,communication ability,control ability,innovative ability,intelligent ability and leadership ability.


The author made a psychological survey among 1876 new students of Grade 2005. The statistics of SCL-90 shows that 90.5% students are normal, 4.7% students are a little abnormal while 4.8%students need mental consultation or therapy; that of EPQ reveals that 1.3% students get the score of 65 on the P factor(psychoticism), and most students' are between 35 and 65, that is to say the P factor is apt to be neuter; the results of UPI indicates that 87.5% is completely normal in mentality in coordinate with the result (87.29%) of SCL-90, however the ratio accord with mental consultation is up to 11.7% which is quite different from 6.40%, the result of SCL-90.


The importance of homology modelling in predicting the three dimensional structures of proteins has been discussed. Efforts in improving the predictive quality are outlined. Successful implementation of homology modellinghas been demonstrated in predicting the structure of the kinase domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). A comparison between the modelled and experimental X-ray crystal structure (C α RMSD 1.96 A) shows the accuracy of the modelling methods used.


The 1970s were a time of great expansion and great disruption in the world of computing-both of which can be seen in the early pages of Computer.


Phishing is an illegal method which involves user's personal information at high risk. Phishing websites prey individuals, the cloud storage hosting companies and government agencies. Though there are various anti-phishing approaches like hardware as they are not cost effective and they don't choose these approaches. To overcome this, many software-based techniques are used. Zero-day phishing problem cannot be omitted with the existing models. To prevail over these issues and detect phishing attack an approach using heuristic methodology has been proposed. We classify whether a link is phishing or non-phishing based on the input features we take like Web Traffic and Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The proposed methodology is executed by retrieving datasets from phishing cases and Machine Learning model using algorithms like Random Forest, SVM, Genetic.


The well-designed structures in neural networks reflect the prior knowledge incorporated into the models. However, though different models have various priors, we are used to training them with model-agnostic optimizers such as SGD. In this paper, we propose to incorporate model-specific prior knowledge into optimizers by modifying the gradients according to a set of model-specific hyper-parameters. Such a methodology is referred to as Gradient Re-parameterization, and the optimizers are named RepOptimizers. For the extreme simplicity of model structure, we focus on a VGG-style plain model and showcase that such a simple model trained with a RepOptimizer, which is referred to as RepOpt-VGG, performs on par with or better than the recent well-designed models. From a practical perspective, RepOpt-VGG is a favorable base model because of its simple structure, high inference speed and training efficiency. Compared to Structural Re-parameterization, which adds priors into models via constructing extra training-time structures, RepOptimizers require no extra forward/backward computations and solve the problem of quantization. We hope to spark further research beyond the realms of model structure design. Code and models \url{https://github.com/DingXiaoH/RepOptimizers}.


IOR-ARC (Indian Ocean Rim-Association for Regional Cooperation) is one of the Indian Ocean regional organisation in the field of scientific research, fisheries management, mareculture, and trade. Indonesia, on second phase, has become the member of IOR-ARC. Philosophically, it have been repeatedly Indonesia stated that it is important to develop cooperation between coastal states on Indian Ocean. Unfortunately, this statement did not being responded effectively by the government as if there were no political will from the government. The other problem is that Indonesia government is very slow in developing effective and efficient institutional mechanism.


Analytically pure novel dibenzylsulfanes 2a,b were synthesized by established reactions. Their oxidation by hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of the corresponding sulfones 3a,b , which were isolated in high yields. Analogously, the new bis-sulfone 7 was prepared starting from bis-bromo derivative 4 via bis-sulfane 6 . The sulfones obtained reacted readily with bis-imidoylchlorides 8 , yielding highly substituted dihydrothiophene-S,S-dioxides of type 9 and 10 . Due to their vicinal amino-imino substructures, these cyclic sulfones proved to be excellent chelating ligands, exemplified by the preparation of the palladium complex 11 .


Observations reported by Toscano (1989) and others indicate that later lettuce planting dates resulted in a reduction of crop losses to LIYV. Mid October planting dates resulted in considerably fewer infected plants and no loss of marketable yield. Additionally, Byrne (1989) reported that lettuce is not a preferred host for whitefly and that older lettuce is even less preferred. The Toscano and Byrne reports suggest that avoidance of whitefly, either by later planting (when whitefly population are lower or absent), or by protection of the young plants, (transplants produced in whitefly free areas or shields from attack with row covers) could greatly reduce both the incidence of infection and disease development. Natwick, et al (1988) reported using row covers to successfully protect against virus vectoring insects, These reports and observations suggest that row covers, transplants and /or later plantings may be viable alternative procedures.


The present study introduces combined active and passive seismic investigations on a railroad embankment that is constructed on a soft layer of peat clays. This type of sediments causes the embankment to be in a dynamic movement whenever trains are passing. As long term consequence the stability of the embankment is affected. Based on the concept of seismic interferometry temporal changes in the medium due to the heavy dynamic force load induced by the train can be identified. Furthermore, velocity information of travling body waves that have been retrieved by cross-correlating the signals of train passages are compared to results from seismic crosshole measurements.


[Objective]This study was to determine molecular biology information of HA gene of H1N1 swine influenza virus isolated from Guangxi strains to provide references for monitoring swine flu in Guangxi. [Method]To analyze HA gene of H1N1 from Genbank, the primer was designed, and then HA genes of A / swine/Guangxi/1/2011 (H1N1) influenza virus were cloned, sequenced and compared via DNASTAR software. A phylogenetic tree was made using MEGA 4.0. [Result]The results indicated that the length of HA gene was 1701 bp and coded for 566 amino acids. Comparing with classical swine influenza H1N1, human -like H1N1 and Eurasian avian-like H1N1, the nucleotide homologies of HA genes were from 88.0% to 99.6%, from 76.3% to 77.3% and from 72.9% to 75.4%,respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain of A / swine/Guangxi/1/2011(H1N1) belonged to classical swine influenza H1N1 lineage and was similar to the strain A/California/04/2009 (H1N1), while it did not resemble human-like H1N1 and bird-like H1N1 at all. Amino acid sequence at the HA cleavage site was IPSIQSR↓G, which had characteristics of low-pathogenic influenza viruses. Among the eight glycosylation sites, six sites were located in HAl section and the rest in HA2. Amino acid in protein RBS of Guangxi strains possessed characteristics of both human and swine influenza virus. [Conclusion]This strain was pandemic(H1N1) 2009 virus and first isolated in Guangxi.


Four handaxelike tools from Denm ark (Fænø, Villestrup, Karskov Klint, Skellerup ) and their surface modific ations are described. In the authors' opinion, only one of these tools probably dates from the Middle Palaeolithic : the Fænø handaxe. The other implements are thought to be prefOlIDs of bifacial tools dating from the Neolithic or the Early Bronze Age. One blade was found in a sand quarry near Seest, Jutland. I t must derive from graveIly water-laid deposits, presumably meltwater deposits, because it is slightly rounded. Therefore it toa most probably dates from the Middle Palaeolithic . Several other sites in Denmark have produced flint material ascribed to the Early or Middle Palaeolithic, e.g. Vejstrup Skov and Ejby Klint. We believe that these do not necessarily date from the Palaeolithic . At these and similar localities we may in fact be dealing with atelier-sites dating from much later periods: Mesolithic , Neolithic, or Early Bronze Age. It is argued that for dating any ' primitive-looking' flint artefacts to the Palaeolithic, when found outside a stratigraphic context, features independent of typology should be used. Surface modifications on the flints, if studied in relation to the geological context, may provide such independent arguments.


This paper synthesizes the theory on the development of the higher mental processes by Vygotsky. It highlights some of its concepts, as internalization, semiotic mediation, Zone of Proximal Development, daily and scientific concepts, which are quite instrumentally helpful to analyze the educational processes and their relationship to the development of the psychological processes. After this synthesis of Vygotsky's thought, it seeks to specify possible contributions of that theory to geography teaching, particularly to the formation of geographical concepts.


An emissivity measurement system with three-cavity blackbody was introduced.It could measure multiple samples' emissivity in the temperature range from-10 to 200℃.Hardware of the system consisted of a three-cavity blackbody radiation source,a computer,an infrared thermometer and a guide rail device.It was able to simultaneously measure the temperatures and emissivities of the standard sample,the test sample and the standard blackbody radiation source.An automated and convenient experimental measurement system is established by using the programming language to design the interface and by combining the software and the hardware.


DETERMINANTS OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF KENYAN IMMIGRANT MEN IN THE US AND DURING VISITS IN KENYA by Japheth K. Kaluyu Kenyan immigrant men originate from sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence in the world. The study hypotheses were: 1) Attitude towards condom use differs between Kenya and the US, 2) Condom use behavior with primary sex partners differ between Kenya and the US, 3) Condom use behavior with casual sex partners differ between Kenya and the US, 4) Sexual behaviors with casual partners differ between Kenya and the US, 5)Age affects risky sexual behaviors in the US, 6) Age affects risky sexual behaviors during visits in Kenya, 7) Income affects risky sexual behaviors in the US, 8) Income affects risky sexual behaviors during visits in Kenya, 9) Education affects risky sexual behaviors in the US, 10) Education affects risky sexual behaviors during visits in Kenya. The qualitative research questions were: 1) What are the social factors that promote risky sexual behaviors for HIV/AIDS among Kenyan males?, 2) What cultural values, beliefs and practices support risky sexual behaviors among Kenyan males?, 3) How do changes in the social and cultural contexts of Kenyan male immigrants affect their thoughts and behaviors about HIV/AIDS risk?, 4) What are the effects of urbanization and migration in risky sexual behaviors of Kenyan males?, and 5) What are the factors that create variability in sexual behaviors of Kenyan male immigrants?. The study was guided by Cultural Materialism (CM) model which posits that human behaviors are conditioned by practical conditions of daily life. For the quantitative data collection, a demographic survey and one instrument, the Sexual Risk Cognitions Questionnaire (SRCQ) were administered twice to elicit differences in attitudes and use of condoms and sexual behaviors in the US and during visits in Kenya. The qualitative component consisted of individual interviews to determine the influence of sociocultural changes associated with migration and urbanization in sexual behaviors. Purposive sampling was used to obtain the quantitative sample of 89 Kenyan males to obtain adequate effect size who met the following criteria: a) between 18 and 65 years, b) self-identify as first generation Kenyan immigrant living in the US, c) have visited Kenya at least once within the last 2 years, and d) able to read and write in English. The qualitative sample of 20 participants was drawn from those who completed the quantitative survey. The study revealed existence of push and pull factors related to risky sexual attitudes and behaviors. Demographic factors as age, income and education had a significant influence on risky sexual behaviors. Older age, higher income and education were push factors for change in decreasing casual partners and increasing condom use. The US value of gender equality, self-reliance and freedom in sexual expression countered indigenous values and practices supporting risky sexual behaviors. Access to economic opportunities, quality health services, technology and information created the possibility of a positive future that motivated participants to be healthy and engaged in responsible sex practices. Changes in human thoughts and behaviors (superstructural) are conditioned by related changes in the infrastructure and social, structural contexts of people's lives. The findings suggest use of initiatives that that include "social capital" in facilitating change towards health protective behaviors for immigrant populations. DETERMINANTS OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF KENYAN IMMIGRANT MEN IN THE US AND DURING VISITS IN KENYA by Japheth K. Kaluyu A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey — Newark, and New Jersey Institute of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Systems Joint Program in Urban Systems


Near Field Communication (NFC) based applications seem to be appealing in a world where everything moves away from plastic and contact based services. This project gives an overview on NFC and its implementation in mobile phones together with SIM based security features. Furthermore it presents mobile payment as one example of a SIM secured NFC based application on mobile phones, presents its architectures and concludes with some challenges that still need to be solved. 1 Near Field Communication Near Field Communication (NFC) is an international standard to transmit over very short distances (usually about 4cm). It supports three modes of communication: 1. Card Emulation: This mode is supposed to replace existing contactless applications like boarding passes, credit and debit cards, and public transport ticket. 2. Tag Reading: Location based services are a genuine application for tag reading based NFC. A tag will be shown at several location like on an ad. A reader such as an NFC based mobile phone is able read that tag and trigger an application or service (for instance access the mobile web page associated with that ad). 3. Peer to Peer: As the name suggests, the peer-to-peer mode allows to equal NFC endpoints to communicate and securely transfer content and data. The Nokia 5140 was the first mobile phones that came with an NFC reader [1]. Today, the most popular device with NFC is probably the Samsung Nexus S [2]. For the remainder of this paper, card emulation mode is assumed.


This paper is devoted to the problem of road network extraction from raster image. The task of road network extraction is formulated in common view. The approach to the road map extraction has been proposed which can be applied for topographic map updating and is based on image clustering by k-means method and on application of scanning algorithm for extraction of road network fragments. Road map description is formed as set of linear fragments with knowing parameters. These linear fragments are created by merging of smaller parts. Experimental researches were implemented for maps of 10 Iraq cities. Experimental results show in average the extraction precision of 86% (in comparison with human expert).


In two successive years, eggs of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) disappeared or were found freshly perforated only from clutches initiated relatively early in the breeding season. Most of the losses were of single eggs from which an incubating adult was temporarily absent. Diumal dreads of adult terns coincided with evidence of nocturnal predation by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus). Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) were ob- served breaking open and eating the contents of Common Tern eggs. We consider various explanations of the timing and pattern of egg loss. Circumstantial evidence supports the suggestion that nocturnal disturbance by owls at a time when Ruddy Turnstones are present at the colony may increase the risk of daytime predation by turnstones on tern eggs. Received 10 Apr. 1985, accepted 21 Oct. 1985. The two principal nocturnal avian predators of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) in North America are Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), which consume eggs and chicks (Collins 1970, Hunter and Morris 1976), and Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus), which prey upon chicks and adults (Nisbet 1975). Predation of tern eggs by Ring- billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) occurs rarely (Courtney and Blokpoel 1980), whereas Herring Gulls (L. argentatus) have not been reported to consume tern eggs, although they sometimes prey heavily on chicks (Hatch 1970). Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) eat eggs of several tern species (Crossin and Huber 1970, Loftin and Sutton 1979), including those of Common Terns (Parkes et al. 1971). During four years of study at a colony of Common Terns in Lake Erie, the disappearance of eggs was responsible for from 18% (Morris et al. 1976) to 45% (Hunter 1976) of the total number of eggs that failed to hatch. Disappearance was most common during May, at the peak time of laying. As part of a larger study in 1982 and 1983, we obtained infor- mation on the timing and pattern of egg disappearance from Common Tern clutches, the eating of eggs by Ruddy Turnstones, and the association of these phenomena with probable predation by Great Horned Owls. We here report on these relationships.


The "Apple Teacher" program adopts a mixed learning mode in course teaching, combining network resources with the real environment to form "Online Learning + Teaching Assistant Support; Offline Class + Theme Learning; Exchange Discussion + Summary Reflection" in one of the blended learning modes and "Basic Knowledge—Self-testing—Theme Learning—Self-creation—Summary Reflection" form of learning activities."The national medium and long-term education reform and development program outline (2010-2020)" since its launch, pays more and more attention to education informatization in our country. In the "Internet+" era, information technology and teaching idea constantly updated. The combination of online blended learning mode has become a trend, and blended learning effect has already become the important direction of teaching reform in education field. In the "Apple Teacher" program, learners take an active part in learning, actively construct and realize the harmonious unity of "Individual Knowledge Construction—Learning Community".


The authors retrospectively evaluated 109 fetuses within 25 weeks of gestational age who had undergone both prenatal and postnatal MR imaging of the brain between 2002 and 2014, and using the postnatal MRI as the reference standard, they calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the prenatal MRI in detecting brain malformations. Prenatal MR imaging failed to detect correctly 11 of the 111 malformations. They conclude that diagnostic value of prenatal MRI for brain malformations within 25 weeks of GA is very high, despite limitations of sensitivity in the early detection of disorders of cortical development, such as polymicrogyria and periventricular nodular heterotopias. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In several countries, laws and regulations allow abortion for medical reasons within 24–25 weeks of gestational age. We investigated the diagnostic value of prenatal MR imaging for brain malformations within 25 weeks of gestational age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included fetuses within 25 weeks of gestational age who had undergone both prenatal and postnatal MR imaging of the brain between 2002 and 2014. Two senior pediatric neuroradiologists evaluated prenatal MR imaging examinations blinded to postnatal MR imaging findings. With postnatal MR imaging used as the reference standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the prenatal MR imaging in detecting brain malformations. RESULTS: One-hundred nine fetuses (median gestational age at prenatal MR imaging: 22 weeks; range, 21–25 weeks) were included in this study. According to the reference standard, 111 malformations were detected. Prenatal MR imaging failed to detect correctly 11 of the 111 malformations: 3 midline malformations, 5 disorders of cortical development, 2 posterior fossa anomalies, and 1 vascular malformation. Prenatal MR imaging misdiagnosed 3 findings as pathologic in the posterior fossa. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of prenatal MR imaging between 21 and 25 weeks' gestational age is very high, with limitations of sensitivity regarding the detection of disorders of cortical development.


In this paper we present a description and evaluation of a pattern-based approach for definition extraction in Spanish specialised texts. The system is based on the search for definitional verbal patterns related to four different kinds of definitions: analytical, extensional, functional and synonimical. This system could be helpful in the development of ontologies, databases of lexical knowledge, glossaries or specialised dictionaries.


Open vehicle routing problem with single and mixed fleet strategy is logistics optimization indispensable part. Hybrid genetic algorithm is used to optimize the solution. Firstly, use sequence of real numbers coding so as to simplify the problem; construct the targeted initial solution to improve the feasibility; adopt some arithmetic crossover operator to enhance whole search ability of the chromosome. Secondly, Boltzmann simulated annealing mechanism for control genetic algorithm crossover and mutation operations improve the convergence speed and search efficiency. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and good quality. At the same time, it proves that mixed fleet strategy can shorten distribution distance, reduce distribution vehicle so as to reduce distribution cost and improve economic benefit.


The centerpiece of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Medicare Modernization Act) was the creation of Medicare Part D, a subsidized pharmaceutical benefit that went into effect in 2006. That additional coverage—which provides outpatient prescription drug insurance to seniors and to people under age 65 with certain disabilities— constituted the most substantial expansion of the Medicare program since its inception in 1965. In 2010, the federal government spent $62.0 billion on Part D, representing 12 percent of total federal spending for Medicare that year.


For several years now, the enigmatic term Evidence- Based Dentistry (EBD) has been addressed in dental literature fuelling a discussion which concerned the question of both the true nature of EMB and the threats it poses to both dental practice and contemporary treatment of the patient. Critics of EBD emphasize the danger of dehumanization of medicine by introducing an analytical and statistical approach, which replaces the individual treatment of each case based on the experience and clinical knowledge of a doctor. This article is an attempt to explain the essence of EBD and to show that it is a useful tool supporting every clinician who should tailor each clinical decision to individual patient's needs based on EBD as well as on their clinical knowledge and experience. Moreover, the article brings a conclusion that only well- designed and performed clinical trials, carrying new knowledge about the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, are able to ensure the development of EBD, which would help dentists in their clinical practice. Most importantly, such studies need to be described according to very strict criteria so as to provide clear and transparent information on the methodology, findings and conclusions originating from this research. Therefore, this article contains a translation, authorized by the authors of the CONSORT statement, of clinical reporting guidelines from 2010 which was created to facilitate for the Polish pioneers in EBD the process of designing and describing reliable and high- quality clinical trials.


The Aviation Safety Program initiated by NASA in 1997 has put greater emphasis in safety related research activities. Ice-contaminated-tailplane stall (ICTS) has been identified by the NASA Lewis Icing Technology Branch as an important activity for aircraft safety related research. The ICTS phenomenon is characterized as a sudden, often uncontrollable aircraft nose- down pitching moment, which occurs due to increased angle-of-attack of the horizontal tailplane resulting in tailplane stall. Typically, this phenomenon occurs when lowering the flaps during final approach while operating in or recently departing from icing conditions. Ice formation on the tailplane leading edge can reduce tailplane angle-of-attack range and cause flow separation resulting in a significant reduction or complete loss of aircraft pitch control. In 1993, the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) and NASA embarked upon a four-year research program to address the problem of tailplane stall and to quantify the effect of tailplane ice accretion on aircraft performance and handling characteristics. The goals of this program, which was completed in March 1998, were to collect aerodynamic data for an aircraft tail with and without ice contamination and to develop analytical methods for predicting the effects of tailplane ice contamination. Extensive dry air and icing tunnel tests which resulted in a database of the aerodynamic effects associated with tailplane ice contamination. Although the FAA/NASA tailplane icing program generated some answers regarding ice-contaminated-tailplane stall (ICTS) phenomena, NASA researchers have found many open questions that warrant further investigation into ICTS. In addition, several aircraft manufacturers have expressed interest in a second research program to expand the database to other tail configurations and to develop experimental and computational methodologies for evaluating the ICTS phenomenon. In 1998, the icing branch at NASA Lewis initiated a second multi-phase research program for tailplane icing (TIP II) to develop test methodologies and tailplane performance and handling qualities evaluation tools. The main objectives of this new NASA/Industry/Academia collaborative research programs were: (1) define and evaluate a sub-scale wind tunnel test methodology for determining tailplane performance degradation due to icing. (2) develop an experimental database of tailplane aerodynamic performance with and without ice contamination for a range of tailplane configurations. Wind tunnel tests were planned with representative general aviation aircraft, i.e., the Learjet 45, and a twin engine low speed aircraft. This report summarizes the research performed during the first year of the study, and outlines the work tasks for the second year.


A process for fabricating thin AlGaAs solar cells suitable for use as the top cell in a mechanically stacked, cascade cell has been developed. Significant progress was achieved in optimization of the AlGaAs cell structure with one-sun efficiencies of 17% (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm/sup 2/) for 1.65-eV cells and efficiencies around 18% under concentration (200X to 800X) for 1.72-eV cells. Removal of the GaAs substrate had a very low yield, but new methods that should improve the yields have been identified.


The bus mobile television is a brand new mass media,and this project researches into the information distributing of the bus mobile television in Shanghai preliminarily.The research includes two parts:the survey of the passengers' satisfaction and the demand for the public traffic information,and the research was carried out on the public traffic routes in the urban and suburban districts in Shanghai separately.The survey result shows that most passengers would like to watch the bus mobile television while riding on the bus,and the categories of program should be improved most urgently at present and every program should last no more than 20 minutes.Because the passengers have specific demand for the information of travel while riding on the bus,the bus mobile television should take advantage of the information distributing platform and distribute the information of travel to the passengers exactly in time,for example the road state of the bus routes,the time prediction of the buses' arrival.In addition,compared with the survey results from the urban and suburban districts,there is no significant difference in the demand for the information from the bus mobile television between unban passengers and the suburban passengers.


Samples of gooseberry were digested by microwave digestion, and trace elements amounts of B, Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in sample solutions were determined by axially viewed inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The influence of experiment parameters: analytical line, ICP RF power and nebulizer gas flow were investigated in detail. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 2.87% for all the elements, and the recovery was 94.30%~106.65% by adding standard recovery experiment. This method was simple, sensitive and precise and can perform simultaneous multi-elements determination of gooseberry, which could satisfy the sample examination request and provide scientific rationale for determining inorganic elements of gooseberry.


In this paper we propose a new method for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problem whose parameters are triangular fuzzy number. We prove some of the important theorems for the solution of fuzzy linear programming problem which in turn helps us to solve the given fully fuzzy linear programming problem by applying the fuzzy version of Simplex algorithm without converting to classical problem. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed method.


Belitic calcium sulfoaluminate cement (BCSA) is a hydraulic, rapid setting alternative to ordinary portland cement (OPC) with reduced energy demands and CO2 emissions. BCSA cement has numerous current and potential applications including transportation repair and precast manufacturing. Currently, limited research exists regarding the structural performance of CSA cements, restricting its potential implementation. Thus, the purpose of this research is to provide insight into the flexural performance and behavior of reinforced BCSA concrete beams. Overall, BCSA concrete had similar cracking and loading behavior to the OPC beams, with increased moment capacity for compression controlled specimens. Furthermore, BCSA concrete showed increased tensile strength and ductility when compared to OPC. Overall, the flexural strength of the BCSA concrete exceeded the predicted flexural strengths, indicating the current flexural strength equations are applicable for BCSA reinforced concrete design.


This article offers a personal view of the reform of the undergraduate English syllabus which is soon to come into effect at Oxford University. The particular example is analysed in relation to two more general developments: on one hand, changing conceptions of the place and purpose of language study in the discipline of English, and on the other, the pressures faced by UK universities as a result of new higher education funding policies.


A technique for manipulating multimedia streams of IP telecommunications for multiple IP-enabled user devices is disclosed. The disclosed technique allows at least a portion of an IP telecommunication is manipulated to selected IP-enabled user devices. Various methods using the multimedia stream manipulation technique are presented.


In the field of machine learning, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has been widely used in classification and regression tasks. However, like many traditional machine learning algorithms, the classification results of ELM are often not good enough when facing imbalanced data. For this reason, we proposed an extreme learning machine algorithm with output weight adjustment called OWA-ELM, which can make the decision boundary of ELM move to majority classes, and improve the classification performance of imbalanced data. Specifically, in ELM, we add a reasonable increment Δ to the connection weights between hidden layer neurons and minority output neurons in ELM, so that the output value of minority output neurons increases. Finally, the classification accuracy of the minority class samples can be improved without significantly affecting the classification of the majority class samples. The performance of OWA-ELM was compared with ELM, WELM, CS-ELM and CCR-ELM. In the experiments on 22 data sets, OWA-ELM algorithm has achieved 9 times best and 4 times suboptimal results on G-mean. In F-measure, 13 best and 1 second best results were obtained. Therefore, the OWA-ELM algorithm is effective to deal with imbalanced data classification.


Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the use of an optical power meter in the field of passive optical networks. This instrument can provide certain spatial information about the fault at the physical layer in a passive optical network with cascade architecture, which is not possible in other optical networks. Attenuation of the optical path from the single optical network unit to the central office can be obtained by inserting a splitter 2/1 and measuring a difference in optical powers in the "on" and "off" states of this unit. The presented test results show the accuracy of measurement better than 2.5%.


The article deals with methods of assessing the hydrodynamic parameters of the bottomhole formation zone (reservoir pressure, productivity factor, hydraulic conductivity, piezoelectric conductivity) when developing and testing the wells in non-standard conditions (overflow after the level recovery). Theoretical aspects of the Horner method and its modifications for the pseudo-steady state (closed-hole recovery) and the Masket-Yakovlev method that is based on the assumption of an infinite value of the piezoconductivity coefficient (rigid reservoir model, open-hole recovery) are considered. The results of experimental approbation of the optimal method of hydrodynamic studies are presented when selecting the time range, the dependence of the pressure recovery in the well on time, for processing the results of the studies when developing wells with a compressor or swab, if the wellhead level is reached in the process of recovery and subsequent overflow. The bottomhole pressure and compressor pressure dependences on time have been built, as well as an indicator diagram based on the results of studying a well in the Kumkol oil and gas field, and the relationship between the well flow rate and bottomhole pressure has been analyzed.


From the economic perspective,medical financial assistance to the poor mainly shows demanding and supplying of related resource,and analyzing the need of the poor to the medical financial assistance is the important foundation for the government to implement related helping policies and distribution of helping resources.Only when we understand the demand and need of the poor,can we distribute the related resource properly and organize effective medical service and promote the healthy level.


Abstract Near-infrared images obtained with WIRCam are used to investigate the recent history of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The distribution of stars in the disk is lopsided, with the projected density of young and intermediate age stars in the north east portion of the disk higher than on the opposite side of the galaxy. Bright AGB stars are also detected out to 15 kpc above the disk plane. Comparisons with models suggest that the extraplanar stars formed over a broad range of ages, suggesting that the disk of NGC 253 was disrupted by a tidal encounter.


The traces of copper on either side of the head of Cairo CG 35 are explained as a bar to which the inlaid eyes were anchored. A similar procedure was applied to CG 34, the 'Sheikh el Beled', but here the eyes are anchored by a wooden dowel, or pair of dowels.


A redox-neutral bimetallic Rh(iii)/Ag(i) relay catalysis allowed the efficient construction of 3-alkylidene isoindolinones and 3-alkylidene isobenzofuranones. The Rh(iii) catalyst was responsible for the C-H monofluoroalkenylation reaction, whereas the Ag(i) salt was an activator for the follow-up cyclization. The methodology developed was applied as a key step in the rapid total synthesis of the natural product aristolactam BII.