We have used spatially and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy recorded using a synchronized excitation method in order to investigate the mechanisms for the dynamic PL modulation of GaAs∕AlAs quantum wells by two-dimensional (2D) standing surface acoustic waves (SAWs). It is clearly demonstrated that a square array of dynamic quantum dots (DQDs) is formed, which oscillates with a repetition interval equal to half of the SAW period. A 2D flatband condition appears between the DQD formations. The spatial modulation of the PL intensity is attributed to exciton migration into the tensile-strained dots created by the strain-induced band-gap modulation.


Bike sharing systems often suffer from poor capacity management as a result of variable demand. These bike sharing systems would benefit from models to predict demand in order to moderate the number of bikes stored at each station. In this paper, we attempt to apply a graph neural network model to predict bike demand in the New York City, Citi Bike dataset.


It depends on who you ask--yet all agree, a thaw is coming By now, bankers have grown tired of hearing about the millennium hug and its numerous peccadilloes. With remediation all but accomplished and contingency plans on the shelf for safekeeping, the only work that remains is to operate business as usual until the glittering ball touches down seven months from now. Some say that those on the hunt for profound answers to questions like, "did we learn anything," or "what did it all mean," are apt to be disappointed. Likewise the search for Y2K-related trends will be largely a frustrating affair. "We repaired the flat tire, now we're getting back in the truck and moving down the highway," says Art Gillis, a Dallas-based consultant with plenty of homespun metaphors and shrewd observation about bank technology. Gillis might hold conservative views, but, it is conceivable that, partially as a result of remediation, change is at hand. Namely, one could reasonably argue that many banks are beginning to change their thinking on how data is processed-if for no other reason that to continue to whittle away transaction costs. AB ABJ found that core processing systems may be in a slow transition, but in transition they are, and more than a few systems were replaced so that a bank might proudly sign off on its Y2K remediation. As we'll also see, there are other compelling reasons why legacy systems may, at last, be significantly revised in the next two or so years for the industry rather than for a select few. Gillis isn't convinced, however. Nor does he think that Y2K holds any particular lessons. "The response and subsequent activity about the date change was entirely understandable and all too human," he says. "First there was panic and dreadful prognostication. Then people rolled up their sleeves, took a sober look at the problem, and fixed it." Now, he says, Y2K is already becoming a memory. As to the question of whether it provoked significant equipment purchase, Gillis simply responds that nobody will spend IT money if doing so isn't a strict requirement. (In other words, for most banks, Y2K didn't require core processing system replacement. Instead, systems could be fixed and continue, as per usual.) Too risky to change However, a media-driven issue such as Y2K does hasten the need for frank talk about technology, says Gillis. John MacDonald, senior vice-president and general manager of financial services for SAP, headquartered in Mannheim, Germany, agrees. The company, founded in 1972, produces and markets standardized software, producing integrated business solutions. SAP, which employs about 20,000 people in 50 countries, is ready to bring banks into the next phase of processing. In the last year or so, SAP has assessed the viability of going after banks here and in Europe, MacDonald explains. (The company has bad its initial successes developing systems for manufacturers and financial service companies other than banks.) In MacDonald's discussions with at least 60 major U.S. banks in several focus groups, SAP has talked with bankers who say they are ready to give serious consideration to adopting new systems in the 2000-2002 timeframe. In addition to data warehouses and expressly customer-focused marketing tools, this will include core processing systems that will enable them to embrace the customer-the oft-reported new banking paradigm. If a bank wanted to be super progressive and say, gain serious competitive advantage, SAP is ready to step up to the plate, MacDonald says. They plan to offer, among other things, a DDA system that is specifically configured to pull in critical customer data at point of sale. Though this won't be available in the U.S. until fourth quarter, it is now in pilot with four banks in Germany. Perhaps this activity will eventually show up on Gillis's radar, He produces an annual report on technology use and purchasing trends and regularly gives presentations to bankers who want to understand how new equipment can add to the bottom line. …


Curtis, Robert 0.; DeBelI, Dean S.; Harrington, Constance A.; Lavender, Denis P.; St. Clair, J. Bradley; Tappeiner, John C.; Walstad, John D. 1998. Silviculture for multiple objectives in the Douglas-fir region. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-435. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 123 p. Silvicultural knowledge and practice have been evolving in the Pacific Northwest for nearly a century. Most research and management activities to date have focused on two major topics: (1) methods to regenerate older, naturally established forests after fire or timber harvest; and (2) growth and management of young stands. Today forest managers can reliably regenerate the major conifer and hardwood species under most conditions by using combinations of natural and artificial regeneration. They also can control stand density and species composition and growth of individual trees, thereby influencing stand structure. Available growth models can reasonably predict the outcome of growing conifer stands under a range of densities, species composition, and management scenarios, providing tree numbers by size class as well as crown characteristics and wood yields. Most silvicultural efforts have been financed through and directed toward production of wood. Although some other values have been produced or improved in conjunction with such activities, public interest and emphasis on nontimber values have increased. It has become apparent that some values are not benefitted by silvicultural practices aimed solely at wood production. In most situations, however, desired nontimber values can be enhanced by silvicultural measures implemented for their direct benefit or by some modifications of practices applied primarily to produce wood. We discuss the historical development of silviculture in the Pacific Northwest and review the silvicultural practices currently available to forest managers. We then point out how these practices can be modified and used to maintain and produce wildlife habitat, diverse stand structures (including those usually associated with old forests) and pleasing scenery, while also producing wood products. Most of the silvicultural knowledge needed to design and implement regimes for integrated production of these multiple values already exists.


Abstract: In mid-2016, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was almost 1 billion people. By 2050, the population of the region will probably reach 2.1 billion people [Population Reference Bureau (2016)]. In 2100, SSA's population could be almost 4 billion people [United Nations (2015)]. This rapid demographic increase would translate into a possible quadrupling of the current SSA population by the end of the century (unless fertility would decline sharply in the near future). Nonetheless, the region has embarked on its demographic transition, i.e., the shift from high to low crude birth rates and crude death rates, albeit this process has occurred in SSA at a slower pace than in the rest of the developing world. In particular, the decline of fertility has been slower in SSA than in the other regions of the world. The rapid population growth and the occurrence of a demographic transition in the region have generated discussions on the prospects for SSA to open a demographic window of opportunity and capture a first demographic dividend. However, two crucial dimensions, which have so far been rather neglected, need more attention. First, one will need to define with more accuracy the sub-populations of the working-age adults and their young and older dependents, therefore refining the calculation of the dependency ratio. In particular, one will need to assess the population of the young dependents as well as the population of adults who are actually working. Second, it will be also necessary to examine the conditions required to trigger a faster and significant fertility decline in the region. This is most important because the relationship between the active adults and their dependents is predicated by the fertility decline, which will bring the changes to the age structure.


Transgender people, being stigmatized, discriminated against, abused, and having less access to social, health, and public health services appear to be a hard-to-reach group for researchers. Thus, with very few opportunities for research, especially representative ones, it is challenging to plan high-quality and effective interventions that would help overcome stigma and discrimination as well as prevent violence against this group. The methods used to recruit respondents from hard-to-reach groups to assume that less visible subgroups can be accessed through the available, more visible ones. Still, the data presented in this article indicate the incoherence of social networks of trans- and non-binary people due to the stigma and discrimination. The main empirical findings aimed to describe the instability of the social ties within a group of transgender and non-binary people, probable explanations for the causes of this instability, and the main lines of the community fragmentation. Personal traumatic experiences of transgender people and the dispersion of the community also affect its weak involvement in civic activities. The paper dwells upon a phenomenon that is argotically called "stealth": a transgender person in a particular time, having achieved the desired result in transgender transition, distances themself from the community, striving to live an everyday life in society in a new gender. Accordingly, such people lose all or most of their social ties with other transgender and/or non-binary people and are inaccessible both to the research aimed at this specific group and to various social programs. Based on the material used in this article, we can discuss the lack of a single community of transgender and non-binary people in Ukraine and the need to use this term about transgender and non-binary people in the plural, not singular, because each subgroup of trans- and non-binary people, is a separate community. At the same time, the existing forms of stable connections are described, such as public organizations, networks of fictitious kinship, etc. This article will be helpful for researchers, as well as project managers whose attention is focused on transgender and non-binary people in Ukraine.


Bevin Laurel Maultsby: The Geometry of Radial States in Nonlinear Elliptic Problems (Under the direction of Christopher K.R.T. Jones) In this dissertation we present a geometric approach to the study of nonlinear elliptic problems. In particular, we analyze radial solutions using techniques from dynamical systems. These techniques include a thorough study of the invariant manifolds that arise from the union of the solutions to the elliptic PDE in phase space, as well as computations involving two vector fields which are tangent to the invariant manifolds. In Chapter 3, we consider radially symmetric positive solutions to ∆pu + f(u) = 0 on a ball centered at the origin in R. The union of all radially symmetric solutions to this quasilinear elliptic equation forms an invariant manifold. We use two integral expressions that arise from vector fields on the manifold to show that for a certain class of f , there can be at most one such solution satisfying ∆pu+ f(u) = 0 on a ball with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In Chapter 4, we make a powerful connection between the Morse index of the operator Lug = ∆g + f ′(u)g linearized at a solution u of ∆u+ f(u) = 0 and a component of a tangent vector along the solution trajectory of u in phase space. We use this connection to give geometric proofs of the Morse indices of radial sign-changing solutions to ∆u+ f(u) = 0 on a ball in R with Dirichlet boundary conditions.


The main reactions related to the purification of hydrazine monohydrate were inferred and analyzed theoretically.The possible side reactions were also analyzed,and some suggestions were put forward to inhibit the side reactions.


Current blog systems rank 'A-list' bloggers, but they are not necessarily influential. To differentiate influential bloggers from popular bloggers, we present important groundwork for identifying influential bloggers by weighting readers based on homophily and vulnerability with bloggers. We develop the Quantifying Influence Model (QIM), which attempts to measure the influence score of bloggers. QIM is composed of two components: (1) interpersonal similarity presents the interaction among bloggers and like-minded readers, and (2) degree of information propagation represents how many readers a blogger has, where the readers diffuse the blog posts via scrapping engagements. Our study shows that weighting blog social ties can differentiate influential bloggers from popular bloggers, and what make bloggers influential or popular.


The problem of launching and supporting the radial form of surface wave over a flat surface is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The arrangement discussed consists of a vertical dipole aerial erected at different heights above the centre of a large horizontal metal plate inductively loaded at the surface, either by coating it with a thin layer of dielectric or by corrugating it with a series of concentric ridges. The earlier theoretical work of Cullen on the launching of a plane surface wave has been extended to the present case, and the results obtained have been substantially confirmed by the experimental observations recorded. In particular, the practicability of securing launching efficiencies approaching 80% for a particular height of aerial above a given surface has been fully demonstrated.


We study the dynamics of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with continuous-wave orthogonal optical injection from a tunable laser. We use the dynamical properties of polarization bistability and the interplay with internal or external noise to demonstrate numerically a reliable logic output to two logic inputs encoded in the optical frequency of the injected light. This all-optical configuration is more than ten times faster than the electro-optical implementation and has the advantage of operating at constant injection power.


The class and production methods of spices was summarized in this paper and reviewed the general developing situation and application in food at home and abroad.At the same time, the main productive problem of our country's spices was reviewed.Characteristic of synthetical spices and natural spices was compared,thought it is necessary to strengthen the research and in- vestment of synthetical spices in our country's spices industry,to formulate relevant standard to ensure the safety of food and public health.


Objective To explore the clinical effect and machenism of Sini decoction on chronic congestive heart failture.Methods 40 of 50 Wistar rats wrere used to make congestive heart failure model by injection of adriamycin into the peritoneum with dose of 1 mg/kg in the second and the fourth day,2 mg/kg in the sixth and the eithth day,3 mg/kg in the tenth and the twelveth day,and the cumulative dose of adriamycin was 20 mg/kg.The other 10 Wistar rats were divided into the normal group.38 model rats were randomly divided into model control group,Captopril group and Sini decoction group.Results Compared with the normal group,serum CGRP level significantly decreased and ET level significantly increased.Compared with the model failure group,serum ET level significantly decreased and the level of CGRP significantly increased in the Sini decoction group and the Captopril group(P0.05).The degree of mycardial damage in the Sini decoction group was obviously lower than that in the model group.Conclusion Sini decoction can modify the nerval endocrine function of chronic heart failure rat and can antagonize the hyperactive nerval endocrine system.


Traditional process execution follow the path of execution drawn by the process analyst without observing the behaviour of resource and other real time constraints. Identifying process model, predicting the behaviour of resource and recommending the optimal path of execution for a real time process is challenging. The proposed AlfyMiner: yMiner gives a new dimension in process execution with the novel techniques Process Model Analyser: PMAMiner and Resource behaviour Analyser: RBAMiner for recommending probable path of execution. PMAMiner discovers next probable activity for currently executing activity in an online process using variant matching technique for identify the set of next probable activity, among which the next probable activity is discovered using decision tree model. RBAMiner identifies the resource suitable for performing the discovered next probable activity and observe the behaviour based on; load and performance using polynomial regression model, and waiting time using queueing theory. Based on the observed behaviour yMiner recommend the probable path of execution with; next probable activity and the best suitable resource for performing it. Experiments were conducted on process logs of CoSeLoG Project1 and 72% of accuracy is obtained in identifying and recommending next probable activity and the efficiency of resource performance was optimized by 59% by decreasing their load.


Beginning with the explanation of smart city, this paper firstly gave the definition of smart city based on the existing researches and discussed the four characteristics of smart city, which were about interconnection, integration, cooperation and application for the urban information systems. Secondly the development processes of smart city were discussed, and it showed that smart city was the consequence of information technology evolution. Thirdly, the construction modes of smart city in China were summarized, which included constructing integrating smart city, developing smart industry, smart management and service, smart technology and infrastructure, and smart humanity and living. Fourthly construction modes of smart city in China were analyzed from the point of construction routes and countermeasures. Finally, the six trends of smart city were given for government decision-makers and relevant researchers.


This paper examines some of the constitutional aspects of the 'Future of Europe' reform process in the light of interactions between German and 'European' federalism. Many aspects of the traditions of German federalism and German post-war constitutionalism have been influential, if not to say formative, for the evolution of the EU. These aspects are set out as a frame for the paper, before more detailed analysis of the constitutional process and a particular focus on the division of competences. The constitutional outcome reveals clear German 'fingerprints', though that finding needs to be balanced by a recognition of the constitutional debate as multi-perspectival, involving all member states both separately and collectively.


In recent works (4,12,14), a MUltiple SIgnal Classiflcation (MUSIC)-type algorithm has been designed and demonstrated to be a useful technique for imaging of thin, crack-like electromagnetic inhomogeneities. Unfortunately, this algorithm ofiers a result of poor resolution whenever one tried to obtain such inclusion both dielectric and magnetic contrasts with respect to the embedding homogeneous space, an improved multi-frequency based subspace migration has been considered (3,10,11,13). However, although this technique has been proven to be efiective for imaging of such inhomogeneities, owing to its heuristic application, a mathematical study is still required in order to investigate its properties. In this paper, we discuss the structure and properties of existing subspace migration, introduce an improved weighted multi-frequency imaging algorithm, and explore some properties of the proposed algorithm. This is based on the fact that the measured scattered fleld can be written as an asymptotic expansion formula. Some numerical results are computed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. 1. INTRODUCTION An interesting topic in the inverse scattering problem is to identify the characteristics of unknown thin, curve-like electromagnetic inhomogeneities or perfectly conducting cracks from the measured scattered fleld or far-fleld patterns. Various algorithms for identifying the shape of unknown objects have been suggested in the literature, most of which are based on Newton-type iteration schemes. However, in order to obtain a good result, such a scheme must begin with a good initial guess that is close to the unknown object. To flnd a good initial guess, alternative non-iterative algorithms have been developed. Among them, the multi-frequency based subspace migration algorithm has shown good imaging performance (see (7,8,10,11)). However, a mathematical analysis of its structure needs to be performed for its heuristical applications. Motivated by this, the relationship between subspace migrations and Bessel functions of the flrst kind of the integer order were established in (9). However, the indeflnite integral of the square of the Bessel function of order one cannot be obtained explicitly in multi-frequency based subspace migration. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a weighted multi-frequency based subspace migration imaging function and analyze its structure carefully. This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we brie∞y discuss the two-dimensional direct scattering problem and multi-frequency imaging algorithm. In Section 3, we introduce a weighted multi-frequency imaging algorithm and analyze its structure. In Section 4, we present several numerical experiments. Finally, a brief conclusion is given in Section 5.


Background: Native starches have some limitations such as the inability to withstand some processing conditions, poor flow, packing and compressibility. Cross-linking of starch is one of the methods used to overcome these drawbacks to obtain derivatives with better and desirable properties. This study is aimed at assessing the utilisabilty of sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa as an excipient for paracetamol tablet formulation. The formulated tablets were evaluated for hardness, disintegration and drug release rate.
Results: The formulated tablets had hardness in the range of 4.35 – 6.37 Kgf. Tablets produced from the native starches had significantly (P < 0.05) lower disintegration time compared to their respective cross-linked starches. The disintegration time of the tablets from the cross-linked starches was in the following order, modified rice starch tablets > modified maize starch tablets > modified wheat starch tablets. The optimal batches containing the modified starches released over 90% of the drug within 40 min.
Conclusion: Sucrose and formaldehyde cross-linked starches obtained from Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Oriza sativa could serve as possible excipients for paracetamol tablets formulation.


Introduction: Epiphora is an imperfect drainage of tears through the lacrimal passage. This is an annoying symptom, embarrassing both socially and functionally. The most common cause being chronic Dacryocystitis. The two widely accepted treatments are external and endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Objective: To compare the primary success rate of external DCR and endonasal endoscopic DCR. Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled study, 50 cases of lower lacrimal passage obstruction were divided into two groups of 25 each. These two groups were surgically treated as Group I-underwent External DCR and Group II –underwent endonasal endoscopic DCR after investigating and evaluation as per the predesigned proforma. Results: 50 cases (7 males, 43 females) of lower nasolacrimal passage obstruction admitted in Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, were operated, 25 cases underwent external DCR and 25 cases underwent Endonasal Endoscopic DCR. The mean age of the patients was 41.98 years. The success was defined by anatomical patency by sac syringing. At the end of follow up of 3 months, the success rate in group I was 88% (23 cases) and in group II was 76% (19 cases). The average surgical duration required was 59.4 minutes in Group I and 41.8 minutes in group II. Conclusion: Both the procedures represent good alternative for the treatment of lower lacrimal passage obstruction.


This paper presents a simple high efficiency full-bridge DC-DC converter using a series resonant capacitor. The proposed converter achieves the zero voltage switching of the primary switches under a wide range of load conditions and reduces the high circulating current in the freewheeling mode using the leakage resonant inductance and the series resonant capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional full-bridge DC-DC converter and improves its overall system efficiency. Its structure is simplified by using the leakage inductance of the transformer as the resonant inductance and omitting the DC output filter inductance. Also it can operate over a wide range of input voltages. In this paper, the operational principle, analysis and design example are described in detail. Finally, the experimental results from a 650W (24V/27A) prototype are demonstrated to confirm the operation, validity and features of the proposed converter.


Provided thermodynamic characteristics of the rocket engine burning products and engine performances, the temperature and stress analysis of the extendible nozzle are finished by finite element method.Transient temperature and transient stress field are gained finally.And these results provide theory referring for project design.


Democratic legislation is an important principle in guiding the legislation work as well as a prerequisite for achieving a socialist country under the rule of law.Based on the principles of people's sovereignty and constraint of powers,direct public participation helps achieve democracy in the content and procedures of legislation by increasing the amount of personal income tax exemption in the amendment of personal income tax law in China.However,to further achieve democratic legislation,it is necessary to improve related procedures in law drafting and the consideration of draft law and to open up more channels for public participation in the legislative procedures.


The control system of DC converter station is one of the key techniques in HVDC. On the basis of brief introduction of basic control principle for HVDC power transmission, the authors expound the implementation of basic control strategy for HVDC transmission system from Tianshengqiao to Guangzhou (abbr. Tian-Guang HVDC) and based on the cases of failures the conversion process of control modes is analyzed. Actual operation experiences and case analysis show that means adopted in Tian-Guang HVDC can ensure the accurate and stable power transmission, security of equipments and stable operation of AC/DC system, thus it is valuable in simulation research and application of control theory for HVDC power transmission as well as for the implementation of HVDC power transmission projects in China in the future.


The focus of this work is on uncertainty characterization, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty propagation, and extreme-case analysis. To deal with the computationally expensive and complex NASA problem, a simpler toy problem is devised to mimic the NASA problem for which the true results were known. The toy problem helped in thoroughly testing the current methods and their repeatability. For uncertainty characterization, a novel cumulative density function matching method is proposed, which gave similar results as a standard Markov chain–Monte Carlo-based Bayesian approach. An efficient reliability reanalysis-based probability-box sensitivity analysis method is employed to identify the most sensitive parameters to the risk analysis metrics. Uncertainty propagation to find extreme values for the risk analysis metrics is done using a single-loop efficient reliability reanalysis-based method. A modified version of the efficient reliability reanalysis is proposed that uses self-normalizing weights and caps on ...


This paper describes online data mining services for dynamic spatial databases connected to environmental monitoring networks. These services can use Artificial Neural Networks as data mining techniques to find temporal relations in monitored parameters. The execution of the data mining algorithms is performed at the server side and a distributed processing scheme is used to overcome problems of scalability. To support the discovery of temporal relations, two other families of online services are made available: vectorial and raster visualization services and a sonification service. The use of this system is illustrated by the DM Plus client application and the SNIRH Data Mining Web site. The sonification service is described and illustrated in the part II paper.


In this paper, the spectrum analysis method is applied to the prediction of groundwater regime in west Jilin province. The water level sequence is expanded in a certain range after the trend is eliminated by using Fourier series. The relation among spectrum parameters is analyzed and the prediction model is set up. The model results show that the groundwater level in this area has two major periods, 1 year and 6 to 8 years, which reflect the seasonal and climatic variation of the groundwater level. The prediction result indicates that the groundwater level of several regions will decline continually, and measures should be taken in time. The results of this work can provide evidence for groundwater development and water resources management in this area.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for the automated design of a fixturing system for a rapid machining process.Design/methodology/approach – The method proposed is the use of sacrificial fixturing, similar to the support structures in existing rapid prototyping (RP) processes. During the machining process, sacrificial supports emerge incrementally and, at the end of the process, are the only entities connecting the part to the remaining stock material.Findings – The support design methods have been shown to be extremely flexible in securing a variety of complex parts with relatively tight part tolerances using a rapid machining process.Research limitations/implications – The automated design of support structures is currently relegated to use in a CNC rapid prototyping process that uses a fourth axis for rotary setups.Practical implications – The methods used here make rapid machining feasible, as it solves the daunting problem of automated fixturing.Originality/value – The p...


Nearly all Department of Energy (DOE) facilities have landfills and buried waste areas. Of the various contaminants present at these sites, dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) are particularly hard to locate and remove. There is an increasing need for external or non-invasive sensing techniques to locate DNAPLs in the subsurface and to track their spread and monitor their breakdown or removal by natural or engineered means. G. Olhoeft and colleagues have published several reports based on laboratory studies indicating that strong electrical signatures are produced when organic solvents, notably toluene, PCE, and TCE, reside in clay-bearing soils. According to Olhoeft, these electrical signatures are apparently characteristic of and unique to the particular organic solvent involved. The experiments are performed by packing the contaminated soil in a sample holder and a 4-electrode complex electrical resistivity measurement is made, where two of the electrodes are used to impose a sinusoidal electric current and the remaining two electrodes are used to sense the response voltage of the specimen. The relative phase (or time delay) between the source and the response signals at low excitation frequencies is a particularly sensitive measure of electrochemical processes occurring within the specimen. This suggests the basis of anmore » ideal new measurement technique for geophysical characterization of NAPL pollution. Despite the promising laboratory results, attempts to measure these effects in the field for characterizing polluted sites, including studies supported by DOE funding, seldom have been successful. Encouraged by the aforementioned laboratory results we had proposed to bring the field measurement of complex resistivity as a means of pollution characterization from the conceptual stage to practice. For this purpose we intend to document the detectability of clay-organic interactions with geophysical measurements in the laboratory, develop further understanding of the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms, and then apply these observations to develop field techniques to monitor the remediation of organic pollutants. Research Progress« less


The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between foreign aid and taxe revenue in Morocco by using the Error Correction Model Following the approach of Johansen to jointly capture the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between aid and tax revenue. Other variables such as the shares of agriculture and industry in GDP, exports, imports and GDP are also included in the model. The results indicate that the direct effect of foreign aid on tax revenue is insignificant in the short term, but it becomes negative and significant in the long term.


The 2,6-bis(4-nitrobenzamido)pyridine was prepared via reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine with two moles of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride in the presence of propylene oxide. Catalytic reduction of nitro groups of 2,6-bis(4-nitrobenzamido)pyridine with hydrazine yielded 2,6-bis(4-aminobenzamido)pyridine. Reaction of this diamine with two moles of trimellitic anhydride afforded a diacid with preformed amide and imide structures. Poly(amide imide amide)s were prepared by direct polycondensation reactions of the diacid with different diamines in the presence of triphenyl phosphite. All the precursors and polymers were fully characterized using common spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis and physical properties of the polymers including solution viscosity, thermal stability, thermal behavior, and solubility were studied. According to the obtained results the polymers showed high thermal stability and enhanced solubility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


Mobile robots have been extensively used by many industries as well as organizations are a major problem which must be considered with many acceptable attributes. Selection of a robot for a specific task is challenging one and demanding problems in existing event. Selection of Mobile robot satisfies some performance attributes, which can solve the avoidance of significant issues in the field of application. Day by day more and more complex happens due to grow in hurdle; highly developed features with facilities are commonly being incorporated into the robots. The evaluation and ranking of mobile robots are identified with some of the standard attributes of different mobile robot configurations. This paper introduces some qualitative attributes to find out the best mobile robot alternatives. It needs improvement process for assessment of mobile robot is proposed as per different parameters. This is a challenge to develop a complete model which will satisfy number of parameters for selection of mobile robot. The robot taken in our work is a prototype of multi-use robot having a wide range of applicability according to the requirement after suitable modifications.


ABSTRACT We have developed the theory and synthetic tests of elastic least-squares reverse time migration (ELSRTM). In this method, a least-squares reverse time migration algorithm is used to image multicomponent seismic data based on the first-order elastic velocity-stress wave equation, in which the linearized elastic modeling equations are used for forward modeling and its adjoint equations are derived based on the adjoint-state method for back propagating the data residuals. Also, we have developed another ELSRTM scheme based on the wavefield separation technique, in which the P-wave image is obtained using P-wave forward and adjoint wavefields and the S-wave image is obtained using P-wave forward and S-wave adjoint wavefields. In this way, the crosstalk artifacts can be minimized to a significant extent. In general, seismic data inevitably contain noise. We apply the hybrid l1/l2 misfit function to the ELSRTM algorithm to improve the robustness of our ELSRTM to noise. Numerical tests on synthetic dat...


Waterways in towns and villages are problematical due to poor structural quality, high maintenance costs, flood danger and the narrowness of the channel. The high potential for damage, the extensive interaction between natural and human activities and marked impact on the appearance of the communities underline the need to pay special attention to such waterways. Engineering art and, of course, funds must be paired with landscape ecology and town planning. At present, the attention of water engineers, ecologists and funding sources are directed more towards rural waterways for various reasons. The present paper presents aspects which may justify shifting the attention more towards urban areas.


The concepts of environmental worthiness and environmental engineering were described. The present status of environmental worthiness in the world was introduced and analyzed. The way of thinking and countermeasures, for establishing materiel environmental engineering and its management system were suggested. The materiel environmental engineering work items and the key emphasis in every phases of materiel development period were put forward.


A foundational principle of neo-Aristotelian character education is that virtue can be cultivated, in particular through the emulation of moral role models, such as teachers. Yet despite the pedagogical appeal of role modelling, what emulation involves remains metho-dologically unclear. In this paper, I suggest that part of this ambiguity lies in a category mistake: the misconceptualisation of emulation as a mere emotion, rather than, as I argue, a virtue in its own right. Predominantly composed of virtuous emotion and necessarily entailing virtuous action, I propose a componential account of the virtue of emulation which I synthesise with Aristotle's theory of "four causes". Through doing so, I make visible how emulation operates in different ways depending on one's degree of phronetic development and suggest a new concept— entangled phronesis —as the mechanism underpinning emulation. I then consider what these insights illuminate about role modelling in classroom contexts.


The simulation results of Shin and So (2001) are revisited. It is shown that the properties of the initial condition of a time series have a substantial impact on the ability of recursive mean adjustment to reduce the negative bias associated with estimation of the autoregressive parameter. Interestingly, it is found that recursive mean adjustment can generate positive bias for a range of values of the initial condition.


Malignant melanoma is the appearance of sores that cause bleeding and is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Incidence rates of melanoma have been increasing, but survival rates are high if detected early. With the advancement of technology, early detection of skin cancer is possible. The proposed framework consists of image segmentation, followed by comprehensive feature set extraction and neural network classification with higher segmentation accuracy. The system uses enhanced image processing to segment the images without manual intervention. From the segmented image, it extracts a comprehensive set of pixel features and RGB colour components of the digital image. As the experience and training-based learning is an important characteristic of neural networks, the features were fed automatically to a BackPropagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifier. It classifies the given data set into cancerous or non-cancerous to identify the skin cancer easily.


To assess educational outcomes of twins and quantify the degree this is mediated by gestational age and other perinatal factors.


Challenging issues arise in the design of control strategies for piezoelectric smart structures. Piezoelectric materials have been investigated for use in distributed parameter systems in order to provide active control efficiently and affordably. In the active control of dynamic systems, distributed sensors and actuators can be created using piezoelectric materials. The three fundamental issues that structural control engineers must face when creating robust control laws are structural modeling methodologies, uncertainty modeling, and robustness validation. These issues are reviewed in this article. A smart structure with piezoelectric (PZT) materials is investigated for its active vibration response under dynamic disturbance. Numerical modeling with finite elements is used to achieve that. The vibration for different model values is presented considering the uncertainty of the modeling. A vibration suppression was achieved with a robust controller and with a reduced order controller. Results are presented for the frequency domain and the state space domain. This work cleary demostrated the advantage of robust control in the vibration suppration of smart stuctures.


Verifying the correctness of parallel algorithms is not trivial, and it is usually omitted in the works from the parallel computation field. In this paper, we discuss in detail how to show that a certain parallel algorithm is correct. This process involves proving its safety and liveness. We perform the in-depth analysis of our parallel guided ejection search (P–GES) for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows, which serves as an excellent case study. P–GES was implemented as a distributed algorithm using the Message Passing Interface library with asynchronous communications, and was validated using the well-known Li and Lim's benchmark containing demanding test instances. We already proved the efficacy of this algorithm and showed that it can retrieve very high-quality (quite often better than the world's best at that time) routing schedules.


Electron spin resonance measurements are analysed for Mn}Zn ionic ferro#uid. The temperature dependence of the "eld-cooled samples resonance"eld exhibits two distinct region for "'40 K and "(40 K. The former is interpreted in terms of uniaxial anisotropy energy contribution to the resonance"eld while the later is interpreted as due to surface spin freezing in the direction of DC-magnetic "eld. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


A 100 kV ion source test stand formerly operated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been relocated to Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), where it is being installed and prepared for operation. A variety of topics relevant to ionbeam-driven high energy density physics and heavy ion fusion will be explored on this facility. The practicality of magnetic insulation to improve the performance of electrostatic accelerators will be investigated by determining whether a pair of parallel plates forming a high-voltage gap can sustain higher electric field gradients when an electric current is passed through the electrode at the cathode potential so as to produce a magnetic field which is everywhere parallel to the surface. The facility will also be used to develop and characterize improved plasma sources for space charge neutralization of intense ion beam systems such as the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) facility. The negative halogen ion beam and ion–ion plasma studies previously initiated when this test facility was located at LLNL will be resumed, and other experimental topics are also under consideration.


This report describes a method to estimate the video bandwidth for IP cameras using the H.264 standard. The precise determination of bandwidth allows us to model the network access as a scheduling problem and/or estimate the amount of data that would traverse it during different periods. The paper is written to be as didactic as possible and presents a set of experiments, conducted in an industrial testbed, that validate the estimation. We believe that a more precise estimation will lead to savings for network infrastructure and to better network utilization


Background: Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeboflagellate, is the causative agent of life threatening primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with up to a 98% mortality rate. The pathogenesis involves neuronal dysfunction and damages the host central nervous system. Understanding the interactions of the target cells and the protozoa may facilitate an integrated approach to address important biological questions. Objective: We investigated changes in protein expression of the host cells post Naegleria fowleri infection.  Methods: The analysis was based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) of the proteins extracted from human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC after exposure to N. fowleri trophozoites over a period of six hours. We observed differences in protein expression as early as 15 minutes after the exposure, and the differences remained throughout the six hours study. Results: The identified protein spots corresponded to 53 proteins unique to human and 24 of these proteins were identified as involved in signal transduction, translation, immune response, cytoskeleton, and stress response. We also observed changes in the abundance of these proteins after cocultivating SK-N-MC with N. fowleri, especially those involved in angiogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, signal transduction, translation, stress response, signal pathway, and respiration. Conclusions: The proteomics analysis from this report suggested how and by which means the SK-N-MC responded after N. fowleri infection. Keywords: Host response trophozoites, human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC, Naegleria fowleri infection proteomics


The results of the modernization of screw-cutting lathe 16K20F3. Modernization carried out using elements manufactured by Fagor. The calculation and selection of the main electric supply and drive axles as well as the power supply and switching of fiber optic cables. Selected CNC system and software written for it.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the activity of Staphyloccocal enterotoxin A liposome (L-SEA) for inducing cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) against tumor cells.

METHODS
TIL were isolated from the tumor tissues of five hepatocellular carcinoma patients. L-SEA, SEA and IL-2 were tested in vitro for their activity levels in stimulating TIL proliferation. The TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxicity of TIL against HepG-2 liver cancer cells were estimated by ELISA and MTT, respectively.

RESULTS
Both L-SEA and SEA significantly stimulated the proliferation of TIL. The cytokine secretion of L-SEA group was significantly higher than that of IL-2 group (P < 0.05). There was no significantly statistical difference in cytokine secretion between L-SEA group and SEA group (P > 0.05) except that IFN-gamma secretion of L-SEA group was lower than that of SEA group at day 4 (P < 0.05). Both L-SEA and SEA had potent ability to induce TIL cytotoxicity against HepG-2 cells. And no significant difference was observed between these two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that L-SEA is as efficient as SEA in activating TIL.


The utility model relates to an indoor air purifier, which comprises a high-performance activated carbon adsorption layer, a hepa high-performance filter block and an ultraviolet disinfection and purification device. An upper annular separator and a lower annular separator are arranged in a machine case; a purification core shell which consists of a center axis and six purification layers is fixed in the central holes of the separators; a built-in air input hole is arranged at the bottom of the core shell; the high-performance activated carbon adsorption layer, a medium-performance filter screen, the hepa high-performance filter block, a nickel alloy photo-catalyst purification screen and the ultraviolet disinfection layer are arranged in the core shell from the inner to the outer; a fan is positioned at the lower part of the core shell; air inlets are arranged at the left side and the right side of the fan; and air output grilles are positioned at the left side and the right side of the machine case. The utility model is economical and practical and can provide qualified and healthy fresh air for new houses and public office places.


Protected, low-overhead key establishment is vital to maintain the high level of confidence and security that are necessary in several categories of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). A small number of works presenting solutions to DTN key establishment have concentrated principally on targeted networking atmospheres. In this work, to deal with the key establishment concern for Bundle Protocol (BP), a time-evolving topology model and two-channel cryptography is formulated to design well-organized and non-interactive multilevel key exchange protocol. A time-evolving model is employed to properly model the periodic and fixed behaviour patterns of space DTNs, and consequently, a node can plan when and to whom it should transmit its public key. In the meantime, the application of two-channel cryptography allows DTN nodes to exchange their public keys or revocation position information, with authentication assurance and in a non-interactive approach. This approach facilitates to set up a secure context to maintain BSP, tolerating huge delays, and unanticipated loss of connectivity of space DTNs. The experimental investigation reveals the security and provides enhancement in peculiarities, problems and opportunities a DTN network maintenance.


The use of replacement metamodels (global surrogate models) has become commonplace as a cost effective alternative for performing complex high fidelity computer simulations. Due to their compact formulation and negligible evaluation time, global surrogate models are very useful tools for exploring the design space, what-if analysis, optimization, and sensitivity analysis. In addition, multiple surrogate models can be chained together to easily model large scale systems where a direct, fullwave simulation would be too cumbersome. Two crucial aspects of global surrogate modeling are data collection (sequential design) and hyperparameter optimization. Kriging models have become very popular in many domains but have seen little application in electronics and electro-magnetism. In this paper we study the impact of different hyperparameter optimization algorithms and sampling strategies on the accuracy of Kriging models as applied to a low noise amplifier (LNA) RF circuit block.


Histology and Embryology is a very important basic curriculum of medicine. It is directly related to the freshmen's interest in learning medicine continually. New teaching model pays close attention not only to knowledge and phenomena but also to the essence and the design idea of the structure of human body. New teaching model attempts to arouse the students'strong desire for exploration and interests in medical sciences.


Abstract: Cover crop (CC) prevalence between cash crop systems is contributing to long-term sustainable crop production systems. However, herbicide residue impact on CC root growth and its subsequent effect on soil aggregation and fertility are unknown. An untreated control plus preemergence (PRE) application of saflufenacil (at 67 and 134 g a.i. ha-1)/dimethenamid-P (at 668 and 1336 g a.i. ha-1) as well as S-metolachlor (at 1600 and 3200 g a.i. ha-1)/atrazine (at 1280 and 2560 g a.i. ha-1) + mesotrione at 140 and 280 g a.i. ha-1 to sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.) and imazethapyr (100 and 200 g a.i. ha-1) to pea (Pisum sativum L.) were made in spring 2011 and spring 2012. One year later, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), sorghum–sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor var. sudanese (L.)], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were seeded. Root biomass and N content, wet aggregate stability (WAS), and aggregate size plus soil mineral N (SMN) were determined. Buckwheat root biomass declined in all herbicide treatments but root N declined in imazethapyr and S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione at the 2× and 1× rates, respectively. Ryegrass root biomass decreased in S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione but root N content declined only at the 2× rate. Sorghum–sudangrass and spring wheat roots decreased in imazethapyr and S-metolachlor/atrazine + mesotrione at the 2× rate, respectively. Despite the impact of herbicide residues on roots, differences in aggregate size, WAS, and SMN were not detected. Findings from this study add knowledge on herbicide residue effect on CC root growth and provide useful CC seeding guidelines for growers.


A novel ternary fuzzy processor using logic oriented neural networks is proposed, and the simulation results are illustrated to show how a ternary fuzzy inference engine can be realized by taking into consideration the advantages of neural networks. The principle of constructing a ternary processor using neural networks is described in detail and the simulation results for a novel Max circuit, which is the essential circuit of the fuzzy inference engine, are given. The features of the proposed processor are capability of high speed operation, and very simple construction with a reduced number of elements to perform the function of a fuzzy processor.


In view of corrosion question of the bottom plates of oil storage tank,the authors carry on the microscopic observation and the examination using the electronic scanning electricity mirror(SEM)and the power spectrum analyzer to corrosion material surface of the bottom plates of oil storage tanks thoroughly study the bottom corrosion mechanism.The study indicates that the root of the corrosion of bottom plates is coming from the catalyzed unenlightened cell function of the chlorine ion;hydrogen sulfide along with the mutual effect of oxygen concentration cell beneath the oil residual matter result in the ulcer-like corrosion of bottom plate.The superiority of electronic scanning electricity mirror and the power spectrum analyzer is confirmed as effective in examination of oil storage tanks.


The authors conducted a comparative analysis of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, histomorphometry and radiogrammetry to assess the quality of bone and to identify possible correlations between them. Selected group of 40 patients with femoral neck fractures. Femoral head removed during the operation sent to histomorphometry, then do densitometry of proximal femur and the evaluation of the quality of bone radiogrammetry method to conventional X-ray proximal femur in the front-rear projection. The high degree of correlation method radiogrammetry with methods histomorphometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, which allows you to use this method to evaluate the quality of bone in patients with neck fractures in the acute period of trauma.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of oyster mushroom addition on the physicochemical properties of full fat soy (FFS)-based extruded meat analog. The meat analog blend was FFS, wheat gluten, and corn starch (0.5:0.4:0.1), and oyster mushroom was added to the base formulation (0, 4, 8, and 12%). The extrusion condition was set to 55% feed moisture, 170oC barrel temperature, and screw speed of 150 rpm by using the twin-screw extruder equipped with a cooling die. The hardness, chewiness, cutting strength, and integrity index of the FFSbased extruded meat analog increased with the increase in oyster mushroom contents, while its nitrogen solubility index (NSI) decreased. The cohesiveness, springiness, and water holding capacity revealed the inconstant patterns with the increase in oyster mushroom contents. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased with the increase in oyster mushroom contents. In conclusion, the incorporation of the oyster mushroom into the FFS-based meat analog enhanced the textural properties and antioxidant activity.


The importance of the travel and tourism sector in the world is outlined. The negative effects of the global pandemic have been studied: 100 million jobs are at risk; sharp and deep decrease in mobility; blockages and social distancing measures led to a sharp decline in service consumption, which was otherwise stable. The foreign experience of the consequences of the pandemic on the tourism industry has been studied, given the great uncertainty associated with the recovery of this sector, and an innovative structural policy will undoubtedly be needed to adapt to the new norm. The analysis of the tourism industry for 2020–2021 shows the long-term recovery of demand in the field of tourism and the need to experiment with new financing mechanisms. It examines countries that seek to maintain social spending and change capital spending priorities to create jobs, at least temporarily, in non-tourism sectors such as agriculture and infrastructure development. The measures developed by countries to support the tourism industry are systematized. It is determined that in a pandemic, the attention of travelers has shifted to domestic travel or to nature and open spaces. Ukraine is no exception. It is concluded that, in general, countries are beginning to refocus on stimulating the development of domestic tourism, which is less dependent on the global coronavirus crisis and quarantine measures. The pandemic has contributed to the accelerated introduction of online forms and digital tools in the provision of travel services, which reduces contacts during the interaction of tourists and travel service providers. It has been determined that people are not comfortable traveling today and therefore, security agencies around the world need to do a fantastic job of developing protocols that have restored public confidence in travel. Ukraine has significant tourism potential and opportunities for the development of domestic tourism, the stimulation and maintenance of which will help improve the country's image at the international level, help attract foreign tourists and minimize losses caused by the pandemic.


BACKGROUND
Heart lung transplantation for++ cystic fibrosis is now performed in patients with severe lung disease but the experience is still scarce with the exception of some specialized centers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-one patients underwent heart-lung transplantation between September 1989 and November 1994 in our institution, with a high standard of reliability in tracheal anastomosis and with a low incidence of hospital mortality (5%).

RESULTS
The actuarial patient survival is 90.2% (95% confidence interval, 70 to 97%) at 1 year and 75.7% (95% confidence interval, 51 to 90%) at 3 and 4 years. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increases from 20.1% predicted preoperatively to 76.1%.

CONCLUSION
Despite the presence of airway pathogens, these results confirm that heart-lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis leads to a pronounced improvement in lung function and good rehabilitation after surgery. The two main obstacles are the shortage of donor organs and the possibility of late deterioration in lung function with a progressive airflow obstruction.


Summary Extensive experimental development, supported by 1-and 2-D hydrodynamic code simulations has demonstrated that the strength of bonds can be tested using calibrated weak shock waves (stress waves) generated at the surface of composite (and other) joints. Previously full-scale proof testing of bonded structure has been the only sure method of detecting "kissing" or weak bonds. Laser bond inspection (LBI), using high-intensity stress waves, has been shown to provide a method for localized testing of bond strength. Controlled stress waves of sufficient intensity have been shown to be useful for adhesion evaluation. Gupta, et.al. demonstrated that internal bonds could be evaluated with shock waves [3-5]. Recently, high peak power, short burst laser systems have been shown to reliably and repeatedly test the strength of internal bondlines in composite joints of reasonable (6 to 15 mm total thickness) [6]. Modeling of the method has shown that the laser beam shape results in controlled, very localized testing of bond strength. A compact high peak power laser system and beam delivery method has been designed for factory implementation. To date, numerous tests on composite to composite bonds have shown the method to be sensitive to weak bonds created by poor adhesive mixing, improper surface preparation and/or contamination. Figure 1 illustrates the fundamental process lf laser-generated stress wave evolution in a substrate. The energy delivered by the laser is absorbed in a sacrificial overlay such as black paint at the incident surface of the sample. Mo sample heating takes place, and there is no surface damage. Vaporization of some elements of the overlay produces locally high pressure that is enhanced by inclusion of a transparent overlay layer, such as a water film, that briefly confines vapor expansion. This pressure pulse duration can be tailored to a few hundred nanoseconds. The magnitude of the pressure is a function of the laser input intensity, which facilitates the generation of calibrated stress waves. The shock from the laser pulse produces a compression wave that propagates to the back surface of the sample where it reflects back in tension. In the 1-D approximation, it is this tensile wave propagating through the sample that provides the proof-test loading. When the wave arrives back at the front surface, it reflects into compression again, and the cycle repeats. The lower part of Figure 1 illustrates the time evolution of the stress wave for a simplified one-dimensional case in which the laser beam diameter is at least several times larger than the sample thickness. The actual two-dimensional case of practical interest is considerably more complex, but the basic principles are the same.


The issue of employment is an old phenomenon in Iraq, whilst specifically in Baghdad City. But it ended in the modern era with the events of 1990 and the subsequent poor economic conditions, the issue of employment ended after the foreign labor had left which Egyptian labor as the largest part of it.The phenomenon of foreign labor returned after the events of 2003 and the recovery of the local market represented by the abundance of restaurants, the increase in demand for domestic maids, and the diversity of services that required a certain type of labor, especially cheap labor compared to local labor, which became away from many professions that do not favor working in them, until it became not free of an area of Baghdad of this employment.An increasing number of workers in the city of Baghdad generated different trends towards this employment differed between being receptive to it and collaborator with it and between rejecting it and not accepting its existence. In this research paper, we will try to address the trends of the local population in the city of Baghdad towards foreign labor in it and evaluate these trends through a scale developed for this purpose, which consists of eleven paragraphs (questions) to understand these trends.After conducting the necessary statistical analyzes, four paragraphs (questions) were excluded for their lack of validity in measuring the phenomenon under study, leaving seven paragraphs that showed their success in measuring the phenomenon, to allow the research to other studies in an attempt to take a broader note of the population's trends towards foreign labor. With clarification of the possibility of foreign labor to change the demographic structure of the city of Baghdad.


A silent bystander as a passive third participant in a two-person talk is presented and studied in the given article. The article studies the silent bystander's significant role in a triadic dialogue, discovers psycholinguistic characteristics of a dialogue as a kind of tertiary speech including a silent bystander as a third person whose presence influences both the speakers. The author of the article classifies this silent bystander as an explicit and implicit silent bystander. The silent third person's – silent bystander's – presence in the speech situation has a specific influence on the speakers' speech behaviour – both verbal and non-verbal – thus forming a special type of a dialogue, a triadic one. Both the speakers explicitly consider the silent bystander's presence and it naturally affects the form as well as the content of their dialogical discourse, thus, enabling the researcher to include the silent bystander in the given communication act. The main criteria of relationship between the both speakers and the silent bystander are presented in the article. The thorough dialogues analysis brought to identifying sixteen types of triads with a wide range of silent bystander's role. The chart showing the correspondence between the both speakers' words and the bystander's reaction to them is also given in the article under consideration.


Manipulating acoustic wave by anisotropic materials, especially, acoustic metamaterials, has received much attention recently. The research presents a new kind of anisotropic acoustic metamaterial constructed by imbedding multi-layer high- modulus membranes into soft acoustic materials, and the metamaterial possesses strong acoustic anisotropy and can be applied to change the direction of acoustic wave propagation. To begin with, unit cell models of the acoustic metamaterial s with single-layer imbedded membrane and double-layer imbedded membrane s are established, respectively; and then their acoustic dispersion characteristics in low frequency range are investigated by the finite element method ; meanwhile, considering the different acoustic wave angle s of incidence relative to the membrane direction , the average velocities of acoustic wave propagating in the corresponding metamaterial s are analyzed by the transient response full integration method . And t hese results are basically the same as th ose of the asymptotic homogenization method. Next


ABSTRACT: The first issue of Business Ethics Quarterly was launched in 1991. At that time there were few general principles that could serve as guidelines for global business. However, since 1991 a plethora of such principles have been developed to serve as guidelines and evaluative mechanisms for global corporate responsibilities. But operationalizing these principles in practice has been a challenge for most transnational corporations and even for smaller, more local enterprises. This is because, in some cases, the principles ask too much of companies. In other cases, the principles are ambiguous. And in still other cases, the principles, written by and large from a Western, rights-based perspective, cannot be operationalized in some cultural or religious settings. In this paper I will outline a series of dilemmas multinational enterprises face in the global market place, even when they sincerely sign on to one or another set of principles. These problems are not insurmountable, but in the imperfect world of commerce, require that our expectations of corporate responsibilities be satisficing rather than absolutist.


The NGO Terre Verte pursues the realisation of bocage perimeters (wegoubri in the moore language) in Burkina Faso. They are an innovative concept of rural development that has been established in the 1990s in the experimental farm of Guie and is now adopted in other experimental farms in Burkina Faso. The deterioration of the rural landscape in the Sahel region has worsened in the last decades, endangering local populations. The creation of bocage perimeters in this rural landscape is a way to remediate problems linked to overly extensive agriculture. Through a holistic approach to the problem, the experimental farm of Guie has been able to integrate environmental preservation into the Sahel agriculture thanks to three axes of intervention: applied research, education and direct help to the peasants. An experimental farm relies on five technical teams, each supervised by a coordinator. The concept is based on the creation of bocage perimeters in a mixed propriety regime, comprising individually owned plots and common grounds, managed by an association of beneficiaries. The result is a restored environment, in which agriculture is no longer tantamount to erosion and livestock farming to overgrazing, where trees and bushes are harmoniously integrated into the environment. The increase in agricultural yields observed after a few years of soil restoration leads to the conclusion that those projects will be economically viable. A system of credits for farmers could allow the implementation of such a system, which represents the only solution for the millions of hectares of degraded soil in the Sahel region.


New single crystals of R 2 PdIn 8 (R = Pr, Ce) and R2RhIn8 compounds have been synthesized by solution growth from In flux and studied with respect to structure and electronic properties. Pr 2 RhIn 8 exhibits van Vleck paramagnetism and strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy attributed to a crystal-field effect on the Pr 3+ ion. Ce 2 PdIn 8 compound is paramagnetic down to 0.7 K, superconductivity below 0.7 K has been found. The Sommerfeld coefficient γ = 700–800 mJ/mol-1 K-2 links this compound with the heavy-fermion family.


A normally "on" linear-focused 14-stage end-window photomultiplier tube (PMT) (Electron Tubes Limited 9893Q/100B), designed for fast photon counting, has been gated through control of the voltage applied to the first dynode. The gating circuit reduces the gain of the PMT during a laser pulse, in order to discriminate against the detection of scattered light, and then increases the gain promptly to observe extremely low levels of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). An extinction factor for the laser scattered photons of >105 was observed, and has enabled count rates for photons due to LIF as low as 1 Hz to be measured for a laser pulse-repetition frequency of 7 kHz. The rise of the PMT gain is monitored directly by observation of the fluorescence using time-resolved photon counting, and the PMT turn-on time is 30 ns. No significant distortion of the temporal profile of the fluorescence was observed during PMT turn-on. The system, which can also be operated in ungated mode, is rugged and reliable, and has bee...


Increasing the production capacity of electrical energy to fulfill the continuously rising global demand, while simultaneously trying to avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the process, and being environmentally sound, is one of the largest challenges of this era.One way to achieve it is to rely on hydrogen for energy storage. Nowadays, most of the hydrogen produced is mainly from fossil fuels, and the emission of detrimental gasses is only shifted. To get to a true green hydrogen, it is necessary to produce it in emissions-free processes.
 One method to achieve this is to use renewable energies in combination with electrochemical water electrolyzers, in which two distinct chemical reactions take place: the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Both reaction require catalysts to execute at high rates, and while the HER is considered to be relatively facile and takes place at low overpotentials, the OER requires relatively high overpotentials and high loadings of precious metal catalysts. It is considered the bottleneck reaction. The OER is a four electrons oxidation reaction per generated O2 molecule, and proceeds in four distinct reaction steps. This leads to a very sluggish reaction kinetics and high overpotentials to reach viable current densities.
 In recent years, more and more non-precious metal OER catalyst have been developed. Most notably is the family of mixed nickel-iron oxyhydroxides (NiFeOOH), which are relatively cheap, selective and efficient catalysts in alkaline media, and their performance has been increased by optimizing the Ni:Fe ratio, adding a third metal that either further increase the performance of the catalyst or/and its stability and other methods. One challenge that still remains is to increase the NiFeOOH surface area, and by that the electrochemically active site density (EASD).
 In this regard, one class of materials that has been attracting the attention of materials' scientists in recent years are aerogels. Aerogels can be made from many different materials, such as silicates, carbons, metal organic materials, bio-inspired molecules, metals, and metal oxides. They consist of distinct units which form a porous 3D covalent framework (COF). Because of their diversity, aerogels have many different applications, e.g. as insulators, sensors, or catalysts.
 In this presentation we will report the synthesis of NixFeyOz aerogels, with a modified easy synthetic method via an epoxide route. These aerogels show much higher utilization of the material and overall increase in mass activity when catalyzing the OER when compared to other NiFeOOH derived materials. They were tested for their OER electrocatalytic activity and to the best of our knowledge these are the first aerogel materials that propagate OER themselves, rather than being used merely as support material for OER catalysts. The catalytic activity depends largely on the Ni:Fe ratio and not the surface area, which can lead to mass transport limitations when too high, showing an optimum for the ratio and the surface area.


In this paper,with the help of GIS,we analyzed the structure characteristics,dynamic process and factors which result in failure of forest resources sustainable development in Tayuan forest farm.Daxinanling,and put forward a project for its forest resources sustainable utilization.From the analysis,this paper is going to find an available development project for forest resources sustainable utilization for the forest farm,and also provide the protection and management of forest resources and the strategy of sustainable forestry development with scientific foundation.


The biomass burning model (BBM) has been the most widely used method for estimation of trace gas emissions. Due to the difficulty and variability in obtaining various necessary parameters of BBM, a new method is needed to quickly and accurately calculate the trace gas emissions from wildfires. Here, we used satellite data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) to calculate CO2 emissions from wildfires (the OCO-2 model). Four active wildfires in Siberia were selected in which OCO-2 points intersecting with smoke plumes identified by Aqua MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images. MODIS band 8, band 21 and MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer) data were used to identify the smoke plume area, burned area and smoke plume height, respectively. By contrast with BBM, which calculates CO2 emissions based on the bottom–top mode, the OCO-2 model estimates CO2 emissions based on the top–bottom mode. We used a linear regression model to compute CO2 concentration (XCO2) for each smoke plume pixel and then calculated CO2 emissions for each wildfire point. The CO2 mass of each smoke plume pixel was added to obtain the CO2 emissions from wildfires. After verifying our results with the BBM, we found that the biases were between 25.76% and 157.11% for the four active fires. The OCO-2 model displays the advantages of remote-sensing technology and is a useful tool for fire-emission monitoring, although we note some of its disadvantages. This study proposed a new perspective to estimate CO2 emissions from wildfire and effectively expands the applied range of OCO-2 satellite data.


A vacuum ultraviolet VUV spectrometer with spatial and temporal resolutions was presented in this paper.The sensitivity of the spectrometer has been calibrated in situ by using the VUV bremsstrahlung continuum radiation of the HL-2A plasma.The sensitivity coefficients of two gratings were given.The absolute density profile of carbon radiation was thus obtained based on the absolutely radial profile measurement of carbon radiation.


Lecturing at Oxford in 1907, Lord Curzon proclaimed that "frontiers are indeed the razor's edge on which hang suspended the modern issues of war and peace." Despite Curzon's proclamation, territorial issues have been largely ignored by political scientists exploring the causes of war. Recent works by Gary Goertz and Paul Diehl (Territorial Changes and International Conflict, 1992) and by John Vasquez (The War Puzzle, 1994), however, have sparked a revival in the study of territorial conflict. Paul Huth's new book is a welcome contribution to our understanding of how and why some territorial disputes escalate to war. Huth provides a detailed empirical examination of the origins, evolution, and termination of 129 territorial disputes that took place from 1950 to 1990. This book, however, is much more than data and the empirical descriptions of these disputes. One of Huth's major contributions is his attempt to integrate domestic political variables within a traditional realist framework. Huth's "modified realist model" attempts to capture both the domestic and international factors that influence a state's security policy. In this model, decision makers seek to maximize their chances of staying in power while pursuing national security goals in an anarchic international system. This effort to integrate domestic and international factors is especially important for our understanding of territorial disputes. Huth points out that it is not only the strategic and economic importance of territory but also the fact that decision makers have very few incentives in the domestic realm to resolve these disputes; any attempt to do so will likely invite serious domestic opposition. Furthermore, by engaging in aggressive confrontations over territory, decision makers can divert public attention from domestic ills and political opposition. Given these incentives and constraints, Huth makes it clear how domestic politics can work to initiate, exacerbate, and perpetuate territorial disputes. While it has become trendy to point out how domestic political factors can influence foreign policy outcomes, rare are the efforts to test their influence systematically. Here is where Huth's book is especially noteworthy.


The scholarly discipline of ethnochoreology or, as Hungarians would say, dance folkloristics has had a profound and developed history in Hungary. From the very beginning of its establishing in the early 1950s, various intense research activities have focused on the collection, documentation and systematization of traditional dances throughout the country, but also on developing particular theories about their historical and regional stratification. Along with dance notation (Labanotation), one of the main methods of collecting and documenting traditional dances has been their planned filming during pre-arranged sessions, financially and organizationally supported by the state institutions. Among early dance researchers, Labanotators and ethnochoreologists, the most significant figure whose influence will far exceed the historical timing and national boundaries of his scholarly work certainly is György Martin (1932–1983). Thanks to the fertile environment of early traditional dance investigation in Hungary coupled with his academic education in folkloristics and ethnomusicology, but also on the other hand, his huge passion for field research and cabinetwork equally, Martin has left a monumental academic foundation in all of his numerous writings, among which some were published after his early death. The book Selected papers of György Martin , edited by prominent dance researchers from Hungary (Fügedi, Szőnyi and Varga) and Ireland (Quigley), consists of the most significant Martin's articles from various periods of his career. Beside Martin's essays translated or re-edited in English, there are also dozens of papers by dance scholars, mostly from Hungary. They critically reinterpret Martin's achievements and reposition them not only within Hungarian but also within international scopes, pointing to their great importance for developing ethnochoreology as an academic scholarly discipline in general and to the continuation of their actuality in the second and third decades of the 21st century. Thanks to the fact that this capital publication is printed in English, Martin's most significant papers and their scholarly interpretations will be available to a wider readership around the world, which will enable further


A primary motivation for using large-scale vehicle formations and sensor networks is potential robustness to loss of a single agent or a small number of agents. In this paper, we address the problem of agent loss by introducing redundancy into the information architecture such that limited agent loss does not destroy desirable properties. We model the information architecture as a graph G(V,E), where V is a set of vertices representing the agents and E is a set of edges representing information flow amongst the agents. We focus on two properties of the graph called rigidity and global rigidity, which are required for formation shape maintenance and sensor network self-localization, respectively. In particular, our objective in this paper is to investigate the structure of graphs in the plane with the property that rigidity or global rigidity is preserved after removing any single vertex (we call the property 2-vertex-rigidity or 2-vertex-global-rigidity, respectively). Information architectures with such properties would allow critical tasks, such as formation shape maintenance or self-localization, to be performed even in the event of agent failure. We review a characterization of a particular class of 2-vertex-rigidity and develop a separate class, making significant strides toward a complete characterization. We also present for the first time a characterization of a particular class of 2-vertex-global-rigidity. Finally, we list several related open problems and suggest directions for further research.


The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread quickly worldwide following the first report of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, China. Since then, the incidence and mortality have continued to rise, with over 120 million cases of COVID-19 globally. The agency for Food and Drug Administration approved Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19, in October 2020. This approval supports the use of Remdesivir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and children ≥12 years of age who weigh ≥40 kg. The use of Remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients was timely considering the rapid rate of spread and mortality from the disease, especially among elderly patients and those with existing comorbidities, including renal disease. There have been reports of increased mortality rate in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy following exposure to the virus. While Remdesivir has been considered safe and effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recommendations have been issued against its use in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients with glomerular infiltration rate (eGFR) <30mL/min/1.73m2. This is due to minimal safety data from clinical trials involving the use of Remdesivir in patients with ESRD and concerns of liver necrosis and renal tubule obstruction from earlier animal studies. This review focuses on existing literature on the use of patients with ESRD and their outcomes. While further studies are needed to prove the safety of Remdesivir among patients with ESRD, available literature shows that the advantages of short-duration therapy (5-10 days) outweigh the risk, especially when combined with hemodialysis and constant monitoring of Remdesivir concentration.


This chapter reports the effective water consumption strategies. To achieve this aim, the water saving practices of 14 airlines from four regions were investigated. The data used in this chapter was a secondary published data in the annual sustainability reports. The data was retrieved from GRI (Global Reporting Initiatives) website. The special tailored data analysis techniques were used for this purpose. This chapter reported five effective strategic patterns. The strategic patterns were two facilities and buildings water saving, one facilities and buildings water recycling and recovery pattern, and two hybrid strategic patterns. This chapter helps the decision makers and the academics alike, since the impact of each action on reducing the water consumption under each action category of each pattern was reported.


By incomplete diallel crossing design,general combining ability and specific combining ability of plant heigh,ear heigh,ear length,fruit bearing length,ear diameter,row number per ear,grain number per row,grain weight/ear weight,weight per 100 grain and grain weight per ear of 9 new corn inbred lines were analysed,and 2 good inbred lines and 4 fine hybrids were gotten.The result of analyzing hereditary capacity indicated that row number per ear and grain number per row may be selected in early generation because hereditary capacity of plant heigh,ear length,row number per ear and grain number per row are higher,but ear diameter and weight per 100 grain may be selected in lately generation because its hereditary capacity is lower.


Some inequalities are derived between the equivocation, the Bhattacharyya coefficient, the divergence, the Kalmogrov variational distance, and the Matusita distance.


Abstract
In this study, the construct validity and effectiveness of a newly identified influence tactic, organizational appeal, is tested. Utilizing a sample of practicing professional accountants, study results show that organizational appeal is distinct from other influence tactics, is perceived to be used frequently by supervisors, and is effective at influencing subordinates. The organizational appeal influence tactic could be particularly useful in situations where accounting supervisors and managers use proactive tactics to influence others to complete tasks or make decisions; to influence outsiders (e.g., suppliers, clients, government agents) over whom they have little authority; and where other influence tactics are not effective or appropriate.


The largest part of the acquisition of foreign scientific and technical information in Serbia is carried out through Consortium of Serbian Libraries for Coordinated Acquisition (KoBSON). In this article an overview of all subscribed resources is given, followed by basic statistical data about their usage. Some possibilities of the KoBSON service offered to the research community in Serbia are pointed out. In addition, situation in Serbia regarding accessibility of scientific information is compared to the conditions in neighborghing countries, as well as countries participating in eIFL program. Recent activities within KoBSON, as well as the future activities aimed at more effective use of subscribed resources, are also reviewed.


Effects of four plant populations and intercropping beans with maize on the population patterns of bean flies ( Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon, O. centrosematis de Meijere, and Melanagromyza spencerella Greathead) on common beans were studied. Percentage of plants infested by bean flies was significantly less in the one-third beans and two-thirds maize intercrop combination than in pure stand beans. The incidence of bean flies decreased with increasing plant populations from 66,666 to 533,332 plants per ha. Ovipunctures made by bean flies in the leaves of beans were not significantly different among the various treatments. A significant and gradual decrease in the number of ovipunctures from lower to higher plant populations was recorded. The bean fly larva–pupal counts were significantly lower in both intercrop combinations than in pure stand beans; larval–pupal counts were significantly lower in higher plant populations in 1983 season. Possible reasons for population patterns of bean flies are discussed.


There are different views regarding the management of education. There are those who review management in terms of functions, objects, and institutions, and others who review management as a whole. Management is a series of activities that comprises planning, organizing, mobilization and supervision in achieving predetermined objectives, and aims to explore and utilize natural resources to achieve organizational goals. Based on this, management of education is interpreted as a series or activities such as planning, organizing, motivating, controlling, and developing all efforts to regulate and utilize human resources, facilities and infrastructure to achieve goals of education. To realize good management of education requires capable and talented leaders. In this paper, study is focused on equalization and standardization of management of education in Madrasah.


Two species of the Genus Terschellingia were separated from the intertidal sand-flat near the Xiamen Island. Terschellingia longicaudata De Man,1907 is well identified to the former description on the characteristics of cephalic seta and the spicules morphology.As for the other species with characteristics of shorter tail and spicules of Terschellingia,only suggestive systematic genus level was given.


Background: During its commercialization phase, unprecedented effects of new medicaments can be discovered. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant approved by Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency in 2008. Objectives: To assess safety, effectiveness adverse event profile and adherence to dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg) prescribed for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods: Patients taking dabigatran were subjected to interviews during the first year of treatment, evaluating the prescription depending on the dose, age, gender and risk factors as well as the prevalence of adverse events and the profile of the patients involved. Results: Between the beginning and the end of the study there was a reduction in the number of subjects using this anticoagulant (10% for the dose of 110 mg and 30% for the dose of 150 mg), without changes in the proportions of individuals regarding to gender (men ≅65%), age (age <75 anos ≅80%), anticoagulation previous history (≅85%) and risk scores for thromboembolic (CHA2DS2≥VASc = 2 ≅80%) and bleeding (HASBLED <3 ≅50% dose 110 mg and ≅85% dose 150 mg) events. The most common adverse event was dyspepsia (≥10%), regardless of gender, but less frequently in patients over 75 years of age (≅20% of cases). Dyspepsia related to dabigatran was mainly associated to its combination with beta-blockers (≅70%), but minoritarily with oral hypoglycemic (≅20%), antiplatelet agents (≅10%), proton pump inhibitors (≅30%) and antagonists H2 (≅3%). Therapeutic adherence was ≅60% regardless of the described adverse events. There were no cases of thromboembolic event and major bleeding. Conclusions: Dabigatran has shown to be safe and effective in the evaluated conditions.


This is a book chapter that introduces and discusses the duties owed by the legal advocate to the client in Uganda. The chapter will appear as part of textbook that will be published electronically and in hard copy by globethics.net


GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array were done using the FIRMA algorithm [29] implemented with an R code in the aroma.affymetrix Bioconductor package [42]. R codes were retrieved from the aroma.affymetrix web page [43]. A custom made chip definition file for the core set of exons (HuEx-1_0-st-v2,coreR3,A20071112,EP.cdf) was downloaded from aroma.affymetrix [31]. The folder structures for reading input data were as follows: CEL-files: aroma.affymetrix\rawData\a\HuEx-1_0-st-v2; a = subfolder name CDF-files:


While there are no general tools that would ease the V&V process for large scale complex models, there is a theory and framework to support the development of such tools. In this review of the theory and framework, we discuss the possibility of universal V&V tools that are entirely domain-independent in the sense that they operate with concepts that are applicable to any model independently of its domain semantics. As background for this discussion, we review the major formalisms that are relevant to M&S, particularly from the V&V perspective. We find that a major trend in software development, object-orientation and the Unified Modeling Language, is not adequate for the specific requirements of M&S, which supercede those of general software development. This motivates our review of systems theory and the theory of modeling and simulation based on it. As one application, we show how the theory-based concepts enable a systematic guideline to the role of V&V in the various key steps of the High Level Architecture Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP). The approach incrementally introduces appropriate levels/kinds of verification and validation activities throughout the FEDEP, and thus making it possible to handle the complexity inherent in V&V of distributed, legacy-based simulations. We also discuss the theory's support for V&V within the model composability problem and in component-based model development and reuse. Finally, we close with recommendations for further research in the development of universal tools for V&V of very large scale simulation models. We show how such tools can be based on computationally feasible domain-independent spaces that are conceivable within the spirit of general systems theory and that offer advantageous comparison of complex dynamical behaviors. It is also appropriate to warn the reader on what this review does not attempt to do. There is an abundance of concepts, methods, techniques, and tools to relating verification, validation, and accreditation in the various literatures of engineering, science and defense. Despite some attempts at categorization, these various techniques are only loosely related to one another and fail to display any obvious commonality. While we believe that eventually all such techniques could well be integrated into the framework we discuss here, we do not make any attempt in this paper. We do believe that such integration would benefit from research in the future.


Objective: To investigate the differencial expression of miRNA-26a in allergic asthma children and murine asthma model.Methods: Expressions of miRNA-26a in allergic asthma children and ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model were analyzed by real-time PCR.The number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of murine asthma model was acessed.The expression of GSK-3β in murine asthma model was acessed by Western blot.Results: miRNA-26a was up-regulated in allergic asthma children and murine asthma model compared with normal controls.The total cell number and acidocyte number in BALF from murine asthma model were significant higher than control.Enhanced eosinophilic inflammation in lung was observed in murine asthma model.Protein level of GSK-3β in murine asthma model was lower than control.Conculsion: miRNA-26a expression level was higher in allergic asthma children and murine asthma model than controls.


The vertical and horizontal distribution of five wetland passerines in a reed‐bed in the Camargue was studied during the postbreeding migration period. There was more evidence of vertical segregation between the species than horizontal separation. Comparisons are made with other studies in Europe and, for three species, the vertical distribution was similar in the breeding and postbreeding migration; for Reed Warbler, Moustached Warbler and Great Reed Warbler it seems that the vertical selection is almost identical in these two periods.