withdrawn. P-006 COMPUTERISATION IN BLOOD BANKS: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS T Chandra, D Agarwal, M Agarwal and R Agarwal Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Lucknow GSVM Medical College Era Medical college, Kanpur St. Francis' College, Lucknow, India Background: India is a developing country having 2760 licensed blood banks Majority have manual documentation which causes inaccuracies and errors in blood bank activities. Monitoring is a herculean task. Computerisation is the need of the hour but this goal involves many hurdles and challenges Aims: The aim of this study is to discuss the challenges faced during computerisation of blood bank activities and the remedial solutions for it Methods: Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George medical University, Lucknow is one of the biggest blood bank of the country with annual collection of 70,000 blood units. Two years ago, the blood bank worked on totally manual system. Computerisation involved challenges associated with hardware and software installation and personnel training. Hardware was installed in two phases. Initially HP system but later shifted to Apple iMac due to frequent breakdowns. With HP server. Software installation (Easy software) involved erratic internet connectivity hence changed to LAN. Customisation involved radical changes according to our needs. At times we had to change our way of working to suit the software. Biometrics linking, medical registration, cash id generation, donation, serological crossmatch, automated blood grouping, labelling, chemiluminescence & NAT testing, blood component preparation and camps were all included with challenges at every level. Remedial actions were taken from small to big. Training of the staff was the most essential part of the implementation of computerisation who initially showed considerable resistance and at time faking ignorance due to apprehension that their mistakes will be highlighted and they will be penalised for it. It was a herculean task in creating their password protected identity and enforcing them to use it. Gradually the staff realised that computerisation made their task easier as it cut down on paper work and repetition and also prevented serious mistakes from happening. Hard copies at certain essential areas were still maintained to continue work in the event of major breakdown of computer Results: Computerisation aided us in regulating the movement of the donor which at times was repetitive due to manual entry. Transfer of data ensured a safe supply and the mistakes could be retraced very easily. Implementation which included installation, training and enforcement took a period of 6 months. After overcoming all the challenges we minimised hard copies to 6 registers and started taking printouts of the other necessary details. The turnover time for the employees due to computerisation decreased by 20%. Waiting time for attendant decreased by 10%. Traceability of all the units became 100%.Supervision of the activities being carried out was 90% accurate. Identification of the donors was easy due to biometrics which included thumb impression and iris scanning. The decision making time for donors decreased by 50% thus making the system more efficient. Summary/Conclusions: Manual to computerisation involves involvement from source to supply and it is essential to anticipate the challenges and be prepared for solutions in order to make its implementation successful


The development of the nervous system involves cells remaining within the neural tube (CNS) and a group of cells that delaminate from the dorsal neural tube and migrate extensively throughout the developing embryo called neural crest cells (NCC). These cells are a mesenchymal highly migratory group of cells that give rise to a wide variety of cell derivatives: melanocytes, sensory neurons, bone, Schwann cells, etc. But not all NCC can give rise to all derivatives, they have fate restrictions based on their axial level of origin: cranial, vagal, trunk and sacral. Our aim was to provide a thorough presentation on how does trunk neural crest cell migration looks in the chicken embryo, in wholemount and in sections using the unique chicken marker HNK1. The description presented here makes a good guideline for those


The realm of this research is the Middle East Conflict between the Israeli and the Palestinian peoples. It tries to address the hope that a viable and secure solution to conflict can be achieved despite all the foreseeable obstacles that the continuing worsening of the situation suggests. Therefore, this work aims at keeping alive the dream that one day the conflict will end with a satisfactory outcome to all parties involved. Moreover, it suggests that, despite the present uncertainties, Jerusalem, as probably the most sensitive component of the just mentioned conflict, could actually become the first Shared City Capital of two independent Nation States, Israel and the yet to be formed State of Palestine. In addition, the present project will investigate the theoretical and practical constraints and possibilities that exist in designing a city for the Palestinians under the supposition that East Jerusalem, as part of Shared Jerusalem, would one day become the Capital of a future Palestine. In addition, this research would also show the relationship between conflict and urban design through its formal representation in the urban master plans developed for Jerusalem, concentrating on the period between the end of the 19th century to the present day, in form of a brief historical background, fully subordinated to the main research. Thesis Supervisor: Michael Dennis Title: Professor of Architecture


1. Theories on the propagation of radio waves in the entire range of frequencies used in communications are treated together with discussions on the applicable limit of the theory of geometrical optics to wave propagation. 2. Definitions of the "low-frequency," "medium-frequency," "medium-high-frequency," and "high-frequency" waves are given from the theoretical points of view. 3. A new term, "step reflection," is introduced to explain the propagation of medium-frequency waves, and its characteristics are explained. 4. Attenuation of a wave traveling through the ionized layer is calculated for various kinds of wave paths and electronic distributions. 5. The "metallic reflection theory" is applied to the investigations of the low-frequency transmission and a number of low-frequency phenomena; especially the sunset and sunrise drop of field intensity and polarization errors (or night errors) in direction finding are explained by applying the present theory. 6. Propagation of medium-frequency waves is treated by using the "step reflection method." 7. Medium-high-frequency and high-frequency transmissions are treated by applying the theory of geometrical optics, giving reasons why waves of 100-meter band in daylight and those of 500-meter band during the night have bad transmission characteristics. Propagation characteristics of the waves in the entire range of frequencies used in radio communications are seen in Table I and Fig. 9. 8. Transmission characteristics of the waves of various frequencies during the magnetic storm are theoretically considered by comparing them with our experiences hitherto known.


Abstract Objective : To examine genetic and environmental factors in the origin of isolated congenital limb deficiencies. Design : Case-control study with questionnaire at a family interview of cases of isolated congenital limb deficiencies (six types), negative controls (matched for age, sex, and place of residence), and positive controls (cases of sentinel anomalies). Setting : The database of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry, 1975-84, complemented by three other sources of ascertainment (1575 904 births). Subjects : 537 case-control pairs; 392 positive controls. Main outcome measures : Smoking during pregnancy, congenital limb deficiencies. Results : The adjusted rate of smoking during pregnancy was significantly higher in the mothers of cases of terminal transverse defect (relative odds 1.48; 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 2.23; P=0.017). This finding supports the hypothesis of vascular disruption as a cause of congenital limb deficiency. Conclusions : Maternal smoking during pregnancy raises the relative odds for terminal transverse20limb deficiencies.


The experience in appropriate health technology of Shanghai is summarized.Shanghai has a good basis for the further development of appropriate health technology.Shanghai health technology management model promotes the generation,transfer and development of appropriate health technology.Some recommendations and develop countermeasures are proposed.


Medical cyber-physical systems, such as the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), require evaluation of safety and efficacy in the context of a patient population in a clinical trial. Advances in computer modeling and simulation allow for generation of a simulated cohort or virtual cohort which mimics a patient population and can be used as a source of prior information. A major obstacle to acceptance of simulation results as a source of prior information is the lack of a framework for explicitly modeling sources of uncertainty in simulation results and quantifying the effect on trial outcomes. In this work, we formulate the Computer-Aided Clinical Trial (CACT) within a Bayesian statistical framework allowing explicit modeling of assumptions and utilization of simulation results at all stages of a clinical trial. To quantify the robustness of the CACT outcome with respect to a simulation assumption, we define δ-robustness as the minimum perturbation of the base prior distribution resulting in a change of the CACT outcome and provide a method to estimate the δ-robustness. We demonstrate the utility of the framework and how the results of δ-robustness evaluation can be utilized at various stages of a clinical trial through an application to the Rhythm ID Goes Head-to-head Trial (RIGHT), which was a comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of specific software algorithms across different implantable cardiac devices. Finally, we introduce a hardware interface that allows for direct interaction with the physical device in order to validate and confirm the results of a CACT for implantable cardiac devices.


Thediffering clinical behaviour ofmalignant mesothelioma ofdifferent cell typeswas studied in115casesofpleural mesothelioma, classified histologically intoepithelial (60), sarcomatous (25), andmixed(30). Epithelial mesotheliomas were associated withclinical features characteristic ofcarcinomas rather than sarcomas,including spread oftumourbydirect extension, large pleural effusions, contralateral pleural effusions, ascites, metastases inregional lymphnodes, andoccasional responsetoradiotherapy. Sarcomatous mesotheliomas were associated with clinical features more characteristic ofsarcomas,with more frequent distant metastases, little orno effusion, andshorter survival. Mixedtumourshadfeatures ofboth,large pleural effusions occurring as frequently as withepithelial tumours,butsurvival beingalmost as poor as in sarcomatous cases.Despite thesedifferences thereisevidence frompublished reportsthat epithelial, sarcomatous, andmixedmesotheliomas have acommon origin frommesothelial cells or their precursorcells.


The present study investigated the role of alliances in naturalistic polyadic conflicts, which involved at least three family members, through a comparative analysis of parent–child- and sibling-originated conflicts. Thirty-nine families with two children (aged 4 and 6 years) were observed in the home setting. Transcripts of six 90-min observational sessions per family resulted in identifying 306 polyadic family sequences; conflict initiators, topic, and resolution, as well as additional party roles (e.g., ally, judge, additional combatant, and mediator), were coded. Findings reveal that despite all family members being involved in polyadic conflicts, children tended to be initiators, while parents were more involved as additional parties. Alliances occurred more often than the other types of additional party roles. Alliance partnerships were most evident between mothers and fathers in parent–child-originated conflicts, and mothers were more likely to ally with the younger child in sibling-originated conflicts. Finally, submission was the most common resolution of polyadic conflicts; however, allies were more likely to win conflicts than to compromise or lose. This study highlights the dynamic nature of family conflict at home and is discussed in terms of links between relationships with family members, as well as informal learning of conflict behaviors.

Highlights
Conflicts involving three or more family members occurs quite often at home.
Alliances are a common role that family members assume in conflict, as they try to achieve a favourable outcome for their side.
Children's involvement both as initiators and additional parties highlight their learning of various complex conflict behaviours in childhood.


-The reproductive success of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) breeding on a reclaimed surface mine in northern West Virginia was studied from 1978 through 1980. Only Vesper Sparrows showed significant (P < 0.05) annual differences in clutch size. Predation was the major cause of egg and nestling losses during all 3 yr. Of 185 nests located, 80 (43%) were presumed lost to predators. Our study site, surrounded by woodlots and pastureland, apparently concentrated predators. We believe northern black racers (Coluber constrictor constrictor) and Common Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were the major predators. Generally, predators were equally successful in locating nests during the incubation and nestling periods. Variable nesting success, calculated from exposure for the species during the 3 yr, reflects differential predation pressure. Productivity estimates suggest that adults are not replacing themselves and immigration is necessary to maintain a stable population. Apparently, environmental cues are sufficient to elicit a settling response, but, due to predation, reproductive success is low. Although surface mining is providing new nesting habitat for these species, the inadequate reproductive success experienced on our site suggests that these manmade grasslands may not be of benefit to the sparrow populations in this area. Breeding densities during the 3 yr were variable and may reflect poor breeding success, changes in the vegetation, availability of more suitable nesting habitat, and differential mortality during migration and on the wintering grounds. Received 6 March 1981, accepted 9 July 1981. SURFACE mining in West Virginia drastically alters the environment. What may have once been a hardwood forest becomes a field of grasses, forbs, and some woody plants. As habitat complexity is reduced, a major shift in the bird community occurs, and those species that nest on or near the ground and require little if any woody vegetation are attracted to the area. This community includes the Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), Horned Lark (Eremophilia alpestris), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), and Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus). As woody vegetation invades the area, Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) may initiate nesting activities. Although these grasslands are quite different 1 Published with the approval of the Director, West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, as scientific article number 1702. from the habitats where true grassland sparrows evolved, these species are now using this new land resource (Whitmore and Hall 1978). Whether or not the sparrows are actually benefiting from this new habitat is unknown. Accordingly, we studied the breeding biology of the sparrow species nesting on a reclaimed surface mine in northern West Virginia. STUDY AREA AND METHODS A 41.5-ha reclaimed surface mine (Great Mine), located 1 km south of Valley Point, West Virginia (39'34' and 79038') at an elevation of 580 m, was chosen for this study. This site was stripped for coal three times before final reclamation in 1974. The gently rolling topography is dominated by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), with some serecia lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), blackberries (Rubus spp.), many invading herbaceous species, and scattered black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and autumn olive (Eleagnus umbellata). The site also has bare areas due to highly acidic materials and very rocky soils and is surrounded by woodlots and pastureland. Data were collected during three successive breed157 The Auk 99: 157-164. January 1982 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Mon, 29 Aug 2016 04:26:23 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 158 WRAY, STRAIT, AND WHITMORE [Auk, Vol. 99 TABLE 1. Mean clutch size for four sparrow species, 1978-1980. Year Vesper Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow Savannah Sparrow Field Sparrow 1978 3.8 ? 0.4 (20)a 4.5 ? 0.6 (16) 3.9 ? 0.7 (14) 1979 3.9 ? 0.5 (22) 4.5 ? 0.5 (15) 4.1 ? 0.8 (12) 3.4 ? 0.5 (5) 1980 3.5 ? 0.6 (21) 4.1 ? 0.8 (13) 4.2 ? 0.6 (10) 3.8 ? 0.4 (18)


Objective To discuss the application of hairline fringe incision approach combined with odditional small incision when necessary and rigid internal fixation in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex multiple fractures.Methods 35 cases were selected and treated with approach of hairline fringe incision and odditional small incision and rigid internal fixation.Fractures were reducted and fixed with titanium-miniplates.Results All cases had been restored with norma1 face profile and good occlusion.No facial paralysis had been found.Conclusion Using hairline fringe incision approach combined with odditional small incision when necessary and rigid internal fixation,satisfied outcome such as precise repositioning and reliable fixation can be achieved in patients with ZMC fractures.Also an esthetics effect was gained with no obviously scar in face.


Sixty healthy patients undergoing body surface surgery were anaesthetised with continuous infusions of propofol (200 μ/kg/minute) and alfentanil (0.25 μ/kg/minute). Additional bolus doses of propofol (20 mg) were given if movement occurred. The incidence of patient movement in response to skin incision was significantly less in patients over 45 years of age than in those below 45 years (p < 0.05). Maintenance dosage of propofol sufficient to abolish movement decreased with increasing age (p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure decreased in most patients over the first 10 minutes of anaesthesia and the magnitude of this decrease increased with age (p < 0.0001). These parameters did not correlate strongly with body weight. Dose requirements of propofol are not the same for patients of all ages and strongly suggest that young and old patients should not he treated as a homogeneous group, either for investigative or clinical purposes.


ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Potassium in soil exists in several forms like solution, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and lattice K. These potassium forms are in equilibrium with each other. However, plant takes up K mostly from exchangeable and solution form. The present study was conducted on farmers' field at Khamkheda (Dist. Bhopal) under the project initiated by Indian Institute of Soil Science (ICAR), Bhopal. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The entire experimental area at the farmers' field was divided into five sampling blocks representing the replications to reduce soil heterogeneity. Each block was divided into 4 unit plots with raised bunds as per treatments. Thus, the total number of the unit plots was 20 (5×4). The size of each unit plot was (59.4 m x 36 m) and the spacing between blocks was 100 cm and the plant to plant spacing was maintained at 22 cm. The average maximum, and minimum temperature and relative humidity were 32.25, 23.26 and 81.80% respectively during crop growing period of rice. The treatments detail was T1 [0 kg K2O/ha (K0], T2 [48 kg K2O/ha (K40)], T3 [96 kg K2O/ha (K80)] and T4 = Farmers' Practice (KFP)*consists of N, P2O5 and K2O @ 104, 73 (P=32) and 0 kg/ha, respectively and Zn @ 2.1 kg/ha. In the field experiment the recommended doses of nutrients were N @ 120 kg/ha, P2O5 @ 60 kg/ha (P=26) and Zn @ 2.5 kg/ha. The treatment T3 (96 kg K2O/ha i.e. K80) resulted in maximum plant height (92.8 cm), number of tillers per meter (198.6), number of leaves per plant (59.4), number of panicles (195.6), length of panicle (30.2 cm), weight of panicle (5.04 g), number of grains/panicle (251.2), filled grains/panicle (233.2), unfilled grains /panicle (18.0), test weight (22.05 g), grain yield (5784 kg/ha), stover yield (6374 kg/ha), harvest index (47.72), available nitrogen, phosphorous and potash in soil (222.54, 31.58, 330.6 kg/ha). The nutrient content in grain and stover was also increased as 1.2, 0.21, 0.15 per cent NPK content in rice grain and 0.28, 0.05, 2.23 percent NPK in rice stover. The water soluble potash (7.80), exchangeable potash (139.8), available potash (147.6) and non exchangeable potash 540.83.The treatment T3 (96 kg K2O/ha i.e. K80) has resulted in reduced cost of cultivation of Rs 39684, gross monetary return Rs 104146, net monetary return Rs 64462 and benefit cost ratio of 2.62 as compared to all other treatments. K e y w o r d s Potassium, Rice, Available K, Exchangable K Accepted: 20 February 2020 Available Online: 10 March 2020 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(3): 2629-2642


A design of SPR based fiber optic ethanol biosensor is presented by using enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinic acid. The sensing probe is fabricated with the coating of 40 nm thin film of silver metal and immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinic acid by gel entrapment method over unclad core of a multimode optical fiber. The SPR spectra of ethanol samples of concentrations ranging from 0 mM to 10 mM prepared in buffer have been recorded. The sensor works on the spectral interrogation technique and operates in the visible range of the spectrum. The SPR curves are blue shifted with the increasing concentration of ethanol and the sensitivity of the sensor decreases with the increasing concentration of ethanol. The sensor has many advantages such as fast response, stability, small probe size, low cost and can be used for remote/online monitoring.


Kai Huschelrath, Kathrin Muller, and Tobias Veith study the German cement cartel that lasted from the beginning of the 1990s until the end of 2001.1 Using both a during-and-after and a yardstick difference-in-difference approach, they estimate cartel overcharges between 20 percent and 26.5 percent, pointing out that they have explicitly considered alternative post-cartel transition periods. We show that the authors fail to account for the most important aspect of damage estimation in that case—a punishment phase that followed the internal breakdown of the cartel. The result is an estimated overcharge that is more than twice as large as it was estimated during court proceedings. We develop a simple procedure that helps to estimate the length of the post-cartel off-equilibrium period. Using this procedure, we show that any overcharge estimation that is not considering this punishment phase is highly non-robust and yields upward biased overcharge estimates.


For many years Sydenham chorea (SC) has been considered the prototype of an autoimmune disorder triggered by an infectious agent. Nevertheless, despite its description more than 300 years ago by Thomas Sydenham, its defined association with rheumatic fever in 1838, and linkage to a preceding group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, there are numerous unanswered questions about the underlying pathology and pathophysiology of SC. Recently, clarification of the underlying mechanism in SC has assumed renewed importance as the disorder has been proposed as a model for a spectrum of childhood neurobehavioral disorders, including tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder, termed PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection). The distinguishing clinical manifestation of SC is the presence of spontaneous, involuntary choreiform movements affecting the face and extremities that typically persist for several months before subsiding. Diagnosis is made strictly on clinical observation. No confirmatory laboratory test for SC is available, although an elevated titer against antistreptolysin O, anti-deoxyribonuclease B, or anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase is demonstrated in 80% of SC patients. Onset is usually between ages 5 and 15 years, and a female predominance is observed in most studies. Associated neurological symptoms may include dysarthria, hypometric saccades, hypotonia, weakness, hemiballismus, and gait disturbances that correlate with severity of chorea. Affected individuals may present with behavioral or emotional difficulties that predate the motoric abnormalities by weeks to months. For example, most patients have concomitant psychological dysfunction presenting as personality changes, emotional irritability, distractibility, and age-regressed behaviors. Studies have also shown a higher frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children with SC or nonchoreic rheumatic fever. Motor or vocal tics and oculogyric crises have also been reported in patients with SC. Despite a relatively common occurrence of EEG abnormalities, seizures are uncommon. Rheumatic valvular cardiac disease is seen in about one third of patients, although echocardiogram screenings suggest a higher prevalence. Arthritis is uncommon. The outcome in SC is quite favorable. Most cases resolve in 1 to 6 months. Some investigators have identified residual abnormal EEGs, minor lingering motor abnormalities, persistent neuropsychiatric problems, and future development of valvular heart disease. About 20% to 60% of cases have recurrent episodes of chorea, usually within 1 to 2 years after the original event. An individual may have multiple attacks with reactivation precipitated by a GABHS infection or by another environmental stimulus. Pregnancy and oral contraceptives may stimulate the reappearance of chorea after many years of quiescence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional imaging studies in SC have localized acute changes to the basal ganglia. In an MRI study evaluating the size of the basal ganglia in 24 patients with SC and 48 matched controls, children with SC had a 10% increase in size of the caudate and a 7% increase in size of both putamen and globus pallidus. A limited number of postmortem brain studies have demonstrated Genetics of Childhood Disorders: XXXI. Autoimmune Disorders, Part 4: Is Sydenham Chorea an Autoimmune Disorder?


INTRODUCTION Despite a large percentage of total knee arthroplasty failures occurs for disorders at the patello-femoral joint (PFJ), current navigation systems report tibio-femoral (TFJ) kinematics only, and do not track the patella. Despite this tracking is made difficult by the small bone and by its full eversion during surgery, a new such technique has been developed, which includes a new tracker, new corresponding surgical instrumentation also for patellar resurfacing, and all relevant software. The aim of this study is to report an early experience in patients of these measurements, i.e. TFJ and PFJ kinematics. METHODS These measurements were taken in the first ten patients, affected by primary gonarthrosis and implanted with a resurfacing posterior-stabilised prosthesis in the period July 2010 – May 2011. A standard knee navigation system was enhanced by a specially-designed patellar tracker, mounted with a cluster of three light emitting diodes. Standard procedures for femoral and tibial bone preparation were performed according to the navigation system, and the patellar was resurfaced. Relevant resection planes were taken by an instrumented verification probe. Final position of the three components and lower limb alignment were also acquired. Joint kinematics was deduced from the anatomical survey, which included anatomical landmarks on the patellar posterior aspect, and according to established recommendations and original proposals. RESULTS In addition to the standard assessment of TFJ kinematics, patellar tracking was performed successfully in all cases without complications, resulting in a maximum of 30 min longer operations. PFJ kinematics (see figure) after replacement and resurfacing showed a mean (± standard deviation, over the patients) range of flexion, tilt and medio-lateral shift respectively of 66.9° ± 8.5° (mean of minimum flexion ÷ of maximum flexion, 15.6° ÷ 82.5°), 8.0° ± 3.1° (−5.3° ÷ 2.8°), and 5.3 ± 2.0 mm (−5.5 ÷ 0.2 mm). Statistically significant correlations were found between the internal/external rotation of the femoral component and the range of PFJ tilt (p=0.05; R=0.64); in three patients, medio-lateral PFJ shift seemed to be affected by the medio-lateral position of the femoral component. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Data obtained from our preliminary experience support the relevance, feasibility and efficacy of patellar tracking in navigated knee arthroplasty by means of a standard knee navigation system, suitably extended to track also the patellar motion. Patellar-based measurement provides for a more comprehensive assessment of the whole knee function, not only for the resurfacing but also for a best possible positioning of the femoral and tibial components.


Virtual colonoscopy is a computer-based alternative to traditional optical colonoscopy for examining the interior structures of human colon. This technique is often used to examine colonic polyps for early colon cancer detection. What physicians see could be remains inside the colon, not the colon itself. Even seeing the colon surface is not enough. In clinical examinations, physicians are forced to go back and forth between 2D and 3D images, which become a very time-consuming procedure. Since virtual colonoscopy integrates medical imaging and computer graphics technolo-gies, it requires much effort to develop such a system. It, therefore, becomes quite an important issue of how to easily build a virtual colonoscopy system as a platform for further research. In this paper, we describe a practical approach of building a virtual colonoscopy based on the framework composition technology, including using MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class) for graphical user interface, ITK (Insight Toolkit) for image segmentation and VTK(Visualization Toolkit) for scientific visualization. Building applications based on frameworks allows developers to reuse common functionality and then focus on solving domain-specific problems.


Present study shows the seasonal variation of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and aerosols characteristics in an urban and rural environment over Delhi-NCR. Aerosol sampling was carried out using a Mini-Volume sampler at an urban and rural location in Delhi-NCR. A relatively higher PM2.5 (particulate matter of size < 2.5 μm) concentrations were observed at the urban sampling site than the rural one in the summer as well as winter season. PM2.5 samples were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) in order to understand the morphology and elemental composition of the PM2.5 aerosols. Summer SEM results showed the dominance of fluffy agglomerate (soot) in urban area whereas the rural area was relatively clean. The winter season SEM results showed the presence of aggregates of smaller particles at urban site whereas flaky, round and irregular shaped particles were observed at the rural site. EDX analysis showed the presence of elements such as C, Cu, Zn, Ga and Fe (representative elements) in varying concentrations at both the urban and rural sampling locations. NASA's Aqua satellite MODIS sensor AOD data for summer and winter seasons have been used to study the spatial distributions of aerosols over the study region. AOD was found to be relatively higher in urban area as compared to the rural area in both the summer and winter seasons indicating the contribution of high amount of anthropogenic aerosols in the urban atmosphere.


Here, we present a detailed comparison of the heat response, including the induction of heat-shock proteins, between H- and D-Chlorella


Obesity disrupts the immune system of adipose tissue, and the activation of its macrophages constantly infiltrating adipose tissue is a crucial cause of insulin resistance induced by obesity. We previously reported for the first time in vitro that the antidiabetic effect of CK may be through the inhibition of macrophage activation and we further explored the specific mechanism in vivo. In order to clarify it, the C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high fat diet and then administered with CK orally. The related biochemical indices were detected, the inflammatory factors in serum and tissues were measured, and the related protein expression levels in insulin pathways and inflammatory signaling pathways were observed. The results showed that CK could dose-dependently reduce macrophage M1-type inflammatory factor expression in serum and adipose tissue, improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance effectively, upregulate PPARγ expression and block TLR4/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB activation in obese mice. In addition, CK promoted the expression of IRS1/PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, our study showed that ginsenoside CK could improve insulin resistance by reducing inflammation through the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway, which implies that ginsenoside CK may be an effective agent against obesity or early diabetes.


ABSTRACT The hospice sector has expanded and diversified rapidly in recent years and has become associated with the provision of highly specialised, good quality care for the dying. However, as resources for health and social care are increasingly stretched, it will become necessary to demonstrate, rather than to assert, that the hospice sector provides superior care. This paper considers critically the methodology that has been used in the evaluation of the effectiveness of hospice care, focusing on the design of evaluations, what is measured, who measures it and how it has been measured in practice.


Introduction 'Ain't I a Human?': The Inadequacy of a Civil Rights Legislation as a Remedy to Women's Human Rights Violations The Convention on Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women: Radical Notions of Human Being? Globalizing Concern for Women's Human Rights: Reconceiving the Terms of the Discourse Conclusion Index


P ROFESSOR PYE CONSTRUCTS a generalized model of the nonWestern political process in such a manner that it implies the existence of a Western process which is fundamentally different from its non-Western counterpart. For example, when he says that in non-Western societies the political and social spheres are not sharply differentiated, I take this to mean that in the West these spheres are so differentiated. If in the non-West new elements are recruited to political roles at a high rate, and there is a high degree of substitutability of roles, then in the West that rate or degree is low. This apposition of West and non-West could be carried out with regard to all seventeen points of Professor Pye's model of the non-Western political process. I fear that Professor Pye's non-Western model will contribute to the increasing tendency in comparative politics to segregate sharply the study, research and teaching of Western and non-Western political systems. Those devoting their efforts to the "new"' world, that is to Asia and Africa, tend to minimize the relevance of the study of Western politics to an understanding of non-Western systems. Because I believe that this drifting apart of Western and non-Western comparative politics ought to be stopped, I want to emphasize the continuities and similarities between the two political processes. Rustow, in the essay in World Poltics quoted by Professor Pye, warns that there might be great danger in establishing a strict dichotomy between Western and non-Western systems and in treating non-Western politics de novo, as a field of inquiry to which the storehouse of data and concepts of Western politics could contribute little, if anything at all.' I should like to expand this point and propose that we view the two as poles of a spectrum or continuum between which there are few abrupt changes. Let me give a few illustrations of this lack of a clear dichotomy. For example, Professor Pye states that in non-Western systems "any change in


Introduction: Cervical cancer is an important public health problem. It is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the commonest in developing countries. Cervical screening is acknowledged as currently the most effective approach for cervical cancer control. Papanicolaou (Pap) smears have been shown to detect early cervical cellular abnormalities, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. This study designed to determine the factors associated with participation in Pap smear screening using the Reasoned Action Theory(RAT) in female teachers in Dashti District, Iran.

Material & Methods: Using census, total number of 174 married female teachers working in guidance and high schools of Dashti district entered in this analytical cross-sectional study in 2008. The data collection instrument was a self-administered questionnaire which asked Subjects' demographic variables and measured Reasoned Action Theory constructs including attitude, subjective norms, Behavior intention and practice of women regarding Pap Smear screening Test. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed and approved.

Results: Mean age of women was 36.28±5.91 years, Most of them were married and 39.1% had a history of 2 pregnancies. Nearly 50% had minimum of one Pap smear test which 51.2% of then had the test at health centers. 98.3% believed that Pap smear test makes women informed about their health status. 24.7% intended to screen each 3 years regularly. More than 80% women referred the medical and health personnel as the most important indicators of normative beliefs and motivation to comply. There was a positive significant correlation between intention to do Pap smear and the subjects' attitude and subjective norms. Additionally, attitude accounted for 43% of variances in intention to do Pap smear.

Discussion and Conclusions: Reasoned Action Theory is a useful conceptual framework for designing interventional programs for promotion of Pap smear screening.


Educators who are responsible for the creation, management, and administration of educational programs are central to the planning process. Research suggests that program planning is not driven by theoretical constructs, but rather by the personal experiences and beliefs of individual planners. This study explores how individuals who plan online programs perceive their roles. Planners' perceptions of their work are important because their perceptions direct their activities, and their activities guide a rapidly expanding segment of educational programs which are impacting a growing learner population. In order to study the perceptions of a geographically diverse group of individuals, this study observed the exchanges of the participants in an international online forum, the Distance Education Online Symposium (DEOS) during a 30-day period in 2000. The 286 messages exchanged in DEOS during the study's period were analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method. This analysis produced an organizational scheme that grouped the respondents' perceptions into four categories: comparison between the online environment and the traditional classroom; impact of the online environment on the individual planner; application of the online environment to the individual planner's discipline; and improvement in how the planner can improve his or her discipline using online technology. (Contains 16 references.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Issues of the Online Program Planning Process PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Lise Patton, Ed.D., CMP Eduprise , Instructional Services United State of America email@example.com Susan Hines, Ph.D. Eduprise, Instructional Services United State of America email@example.com U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Se This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Abstract: Educators who are responsible for the creation, management, and administration of educational programs are central to the planning process. Research suggests that program planning is not driven by theoretical constructs, but rather by the personal experiences and beliefs of individual planners. This study explores how individuals who plan online programs perceive their roles. Planners' perceptions of their work are important because their perceptions direct their activities, and their activities guide a rapidly expanding segment of educational programs which are impacting a growing learner population. In order to study the perceptions of a geographically diverse group of individuals, this study observed the exchanges of the participants in an international online forum, the Distance Education Online Symposium (DEOS) during a 30-day period in 2000. The 286 messages exchanged in DEOS during the study's period were analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method. This analysis produced an organizational scheme which grouped the respondents perceptions into four categories. Educators who are responsible for the creation, management, and administration of educational programs are central to the planning process. Research suggests that program planning is not driven by theoretical constructs, but rather by the personal experiences and beliefs of individual planners. This study explores how individuals who plan online programs perceive their roles. Planners' perceptions of their work are important because their perceptions direct their activities, and their activities guide a rapidly expanding segment of educational programs which are impacting a growing learner population. In order to study the perceptions of a geographically diverse group of individuals, this study observed the exchanges of the participants in an international online forum, the Distance Education Online Symposium (DEOS) during a 30-day period in 2000. The 286 messages exchanged in DEOS during the study's period were analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method. This analysis produced an organizational scheme which grouped the respondents perceptions into four categories.


Multiple atomic accidents urge for the development of radiation monitoring systems which has the capability to measure and display radiation level in the contaminated zones. This paper presents the design and implementation of such systems using Geiger Müller (GM) counter nuclear kit which can be used in any radiation contaminated area. GM counter transmits readings of radiation at fixed intervals to the Arduino microcontroller in real-time. This proposed system utilizes liquid crystal display (LCD) as an interface for displaying the information. This system is easy to use and modular. The experimental data and the obtained results shows that this proposed radiation monitoring system is feasible and efficient.


On modular product architecture, use related issues such as usability and interactive experience have not been addressed enough in product architecture. This paper introduces a conceptual framework "Semiotic Approach to Product Architecture Design (SAPAD)" to incorporate how users embed, develop and interpret meaning and values in product use. In this framework, three dimensions of human-product interaction are introduced. The first is user behavior dimension that represents activity, process, action and operation; the second is object dimension that represents ensemble, object, unit and component. The third dimension represents significations that includes six worlds based on the concept of Semiotic Ladder by Ronald Stamper, which are physical world, syntactic world, empiric world, semantics world, pragmatics world and social world. A case study was conducted to develop a SAPAD model on Oolong tea making activity in a Chinese household. The case study demonstrated that SAPAD can effectively reflect semiotic aspects of the use process on the product architecture that leads to the enhancement of meaningfulness and effectiveness of the product in real use situations.


In computer networks, security is one of the most important aspects of protecting the network from various attacks. Especially in wireless networks, security can prevent unauthorized data access and save systems from potential threats. The security protocols in the wireless networks help to achieve the security process. Many protocols are designed to accomplish wireless security, which includes Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), WiFi Protected Access (WPA) and WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA2). This research paper discusses on the prominent wireless security protocols, that is, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), WiFi Protected Access (WPA) and WiFi Protected Access (WPA2) by providing a comparative analysis in terms of strengths and weaknesses of each protocol. In addition to that, the paper assesses each protocol in terms of authentication and encryption mechanisms and recommends the best wireless security protocol for a corporate network, which helps the network from unauthorized attacks.


Conclusion: Suppurative and interstitial bronchopneumonia was the most common to occur in small ruminant and was the cause to reduce of weight gain, loss of production, and economic loss. Results: The lungs of 15 sheep cases were affected at gross level by various types of pneumonia and pulmonary abscesses. Pneumonias were classified into 3 subgroups according to their macroscopic appearances (texture, exudation and distribution of lesions) and microscopic findings .


Abstract Recent sociolinguistic research in multilingual settings suggests that individual decisions about language are highly interdependent with socioeconomic conditions and historically established language values. Yet studies designed to inform language and literacy programme development have tended to focus on national legislation and policy goals. In presenting here a case study of multilingual Luxembourg, I examine language legislation in terms of relationships among language policy goals, language values and behaviour within low, middle, and upper class communities, and language use expectations at school. The article focuses on the ways in which differences between lower class experience and school expectations affect achievement of both individual and government goals. The study suggests how an understanding of community language values can be used to inform language and literacy programme development.


A globally accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the OH + CH4 → H2O + CH3 reaction is developed using the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach based on ∼135,000 points at the level of correlated coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level with the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence triple-zeta basis set. The total root mean square fitting error is only 3.9 meV or 0.09 kcal/mol. This PES is shown to reproduce energies, geometries, and harmonic frequencies of stationary points along the reaction path. Kinetic and dynamical calculations on the PES indicated a good agreement with the available experimental data.


A mathematical model was developed to predict the effect of alternate blade circumferential aerodynamic detuning on the discrete frequency noise generation of a supersonic rotor. Aerodynamic detuning was shown to have a small beneficial effect on the noise generation for reduced frequencies less than 3. For reduced frequencies greater than 3, however, the aerodynamic detuning either increased or decreased the noise generated, depending on the value of the reduced frequency.


Novel super-absorptive polymer is synthesized by aqueous solution method.Characterization of the product is done by FTIR spectroscopy.Microphase of the resin is observed.The condensation entension and swelling property are studied.The studty shows the following results:with the composition ration,w(ESA+AA)∶w(PVA)=80∶20,resin shows the homogeneous disbibution of interface and better compatibility;the condensation entension of gels increases with increasing the amount of PVA.When the mass fractions of PVA are 3%、7%、10% and 12% of the moomers,the deforming ratio of gels are 9%、14%、15% and 15% respectively;when w(PVA)3.1% of the moomers,the resin has exellent water absorbing capacity,and the absorbing capacity for D.I.water and 0.9% saline water solution[w(NaCl)=0.9%] are 360 g/g and 74g/g respectively.


Dislocation priming measurements were performed in the kHz range in ASARCO copper. The samples and irradiation facilities are constructed so as to allow successive irradiation of samples both with electrons and gamma rays. The gamma rays were produced by stopping 2.8-MeV electrons in a gold target. The change of the type of irradiation could be achieved without any handling of the sample. Thus it is possible to detect rather small differences between the two types of irradiation. Recovery experiments at 400 deg K after 75 deg K irradiation and pinning rates during irradiation at 400 deg K and 75 deg K were made. (GE)


Working in a hospital operating room is stressful, and stress can lead to adverse events.1 Several factors contribute to a surgeon's stress, especially equipment malfunction.2 The traditional way for surgeons to deal with flawed surgical instruments is to fling them across the operating suite. This action is expedient, acts to alleviate …


This paper describes the design and construction of a line transducer with a conical‐shell directivity pattern. The desired beam orientation is obtained through a combination of physical spacing of the elements of the line, connection of elements, and phasing of the driving voltage. Minor‐lobe reduction is achieved through the use of elements cut to size to provide a shaded distribution. Measurements show the minor lobe to be about 20 dB below the main‐lobe level. This particular transducer was designed to obtain bottom and surface backscattering data at 40 kc/sec for a grazing angle of 30° through all azimuthal angles.


(1846). LII.—Note on the Botany of Scinde. Extract from a Letter to Arthur Henfrey, F.L.S. &c. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 17, No. 114, pp. 419-420.


The invention provides a lithium ion power battery electrolyte injection and formation method. The method comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte and forming for multiple times, wherein the electrolyte contains a film forming additive vinylene carbonate; the content of the electrolyte injected for the first time is more than that of the electrolyte injected for the second time, and the content of vinylene carbonate in the electrolyte injected for the first time is more than that of the electrolyte injected for the second time. The invention further provides a lithium ion power battery prepared by using the electrolyte injection and formation method. According to the lithium ion power battery prepared by adopting the electrolyte injection and formation method, the high-temperature storage and high-temperature cycle performances are good.


In the Higher Education Institutions in Ecuador, the university-society link is a trend in the undergraduate level, raised in the Organic Law of Higher Education and its Regulations of Academic Regime, which has led to a series of actions within the Faculty of Management, Development and Executive Secretarial of at the Lay Eloy Alfaro University of Manabi, where the present study is carried out with the objective of knowing the importance of the academic work of the teachers and the way in which it is projected to the society through the students who carry out pre-professional practices in companies that support local and regional economic development, through the efficient use of available technological tools.


A good number of books published around the turn of the millennium attempt to address the complexities of feminist identity for young women, suggesting that girls have a wider array of possible identities and empowering identifications than ever before. Yet we live in a time when there is a great deal of tension between the variety of role models available to girls, on the one hand, and the stultifying restrictions of a culture that still makes them unable to value and emulate any but the most conventional and conventionally beautiful of those models, on the other.


The present invention relates to the field of building engineering. and especially the design technology of continuous beam bridge in bridge engineering. The present invention features the first simply support and then continuously tensioning post-crossing long-bundle prestressed rib method, i.e., after hoisting the prefabricated concrete beam in place, wet concrete seam is deposited and second stage long-bundle prestressed rib is tensioned and anchored onto the top of the adjacent beam. The improved prestressed rib tensioning technology in continuous bridge construction is simple and practical, and can raise construction efficiency, make construction easy, reduce the amount of anchor heads and prestressed ribs and reduce the engineering cost.


Background: The purpose of this study is to provide a report on scientific production during the period 2010–2014 in order to identify the major topics as well as the predominant actors (journals, countries, continents) involved in the field of eye disease. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out to extract articles related to eye diseases during the period 2010–2014. Data were downloaded and processed through developed PHP scripts for further analysis. Results: A total of 62,123 articles were retrieved. A total of 3,368 different journals were found, and 19 journals were identified as "core journals" according to Braford's law. English was by far the predominant language. A total of 853,182 MeSH terms were found, representing an average of 13.73 (SD = 4.98) MeSH terms per article. Among these 853,182 MeSH terms, 14,689 different MeSH terms were identified. Vision Disorders, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, and Cataract were the most frequent five MeSH terms related to eye diseases. The analysis of the total number of publications showed that Europe and Asia were the most productive continents, and the USA and China the most productive countries. Interestingly, using the mean Five-Year Impact Factor, the two most productive continents were North America and Oceania. After adjustment for population, the overall ranking positions changed in favor of smaller countries (i.e. Iceland, Switzerland, Denmark, and New Zealand), while after adjustment for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the overall ranking positions changed in favor of some developing countries (Malawi, Guatemala, Singapore). Conclusions: Due to the large number of articles included and the numerous parameters analyzed, this study provides a wide view of scientific productivity related to eye diseases during the period 2010–2014 and allows us to better understand this field.


The Gelatinases (typeIV collagenases) are metalloproteinases that may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Progelatinase A was purified from a conditioned medium of T98G human glioblastoma cells. TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A and free progelatinase A were separated by heparin affinity HPLC. The final product was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, with a molecular weight of 64,000 daltons without reduction. TIMP-2 and free progelatinase A were separated from TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A by reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. TIMP-2 complexed progelatinase A was resistant to activation by p-aminophenyl mercuric acetate (APMA), and showed less than 20% of the activity of the TIMP-2 free active enzyme. TIMP-2 free progelatinase A was easily activated to the mature form with a molecular weight of 57,000 daltons by APMA and showed high activity compared to the TIMP-2 complexed enzyme.


A conjecture concerning some pairs of interfering estimates for some integrals is formulated in three equivalent versions. Its importance for the the Paley problem for plurisubharmonic functions and for certain classes of extremal problems for entire functions of several variables is declared.


In this paper we provide a quantum public-key cryptosystem using non-orthogonal states. A user Alice uses a set of particles which are in non-orthogonal quantum states as the public key kept by a key management center (KMC) while the she keeps the states of the particles secret as the private key. By the help of KMC any other user can send encrypted message to Alice. Any one including KMC except Alice can't get the message. On the other hand digital signature can also be achieved by this public-key cryptosystem. There are no entangled states and complex operations needed in our cryptosystem. So it's easier to carry out in practice and more robust against possible attacks.


With detailed hydrographical data of the irrigated area,to analyse the present water source of the main canal of Pihe River and the distribution of water discharge,and to propose scientific discharge of the irrigated area.


A vibrational analysis for the OH + H 2 → H 2 O + H process has been performed for investigating both the effect of the initial vibrational level of reactants on the system's reactive probability and the disposal of energy into the vibrational degrees of freedom of the molecules after non reactive collisions. In the first case different results have been obtained from the vibrational excitation of H 2 and OH: While OH vibrational excitation has no appreciable effect on system's reactive probability the opposite happens for the case of H 2 . Regarding vibrational excitation of the colliding molecules, our calculations have shown that non reactive events are entirely vibrationally adiabatic for H 2 and partially non adiabatic for OH. On the technological innovation transfer side of our computational interests, partial progress has also been made in reactivating the PROGEO apparatus after its transfer from Acerra. The evolution of these two components of our ESR project has been reported at the 1st annual workshop of the ITN-EJD-TCCM PhD program and will be the object of two meetings to be held at the Perugia University: the first one to be held at the Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies by the mid of October as a formal closure ofthe stage with PLC SYSTEM; the second one to be held at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering as the starting event of the new ESODIS project.


Introduce AC variable speed control system based on multichannel data acquisition,which can realize real-time data and processing.And present the design of hardware circuit and software development.Experiments indicate that the control system can automatically acquire and record multi-channel data and has merits of simple operation,easy debugging and amending,rapid sampling.


Introduction:  This study was undertaken to verify effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity and the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and to determine if there was any effect from the different regular exercises. Methods: A database search using PRISMA examined articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria were that the article used a randomized controlled trial within the last 10 years, that the respondents were people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and that only physical exercise was the intervention involved. In total, 1,303 articles were screened and 16 articles were included that fit the criteria of inclusion in this systematic review. Results: Based on the review of the 15 articles, the findings show that regular exercise training has some benefits related to glycemic control. It can reduce insulin resistance, plasma insulin, fasting blood glucose, postpandrial blood glucose and hbA1c. . Moreover, physical exercise has other benefits for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as an increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and decreased c-reactive protein (CRP) level. Conclusion: Regular exercise training has benefits for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it can allow them to achieve of optimal glycemic control by improving insulin resistance and decreasing the cardiovascular risk factors. Physical exercise such as combined exercises (aerobic and resistance exercise) or a single exercise such as aerobic exercise can be recommended to improve insulin sensitivity and the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM.


In this paper a cascaded multilevel converter with reduced number of switches is proposed for grid connection of a direct-drive Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine to improve the waveform quality of the converter output voltage and current. Therefore, the bulky passive grid filters can be reduced or even removed. The basic topology and control strategy of the proposed converter are presented in detail. The generator is connected to the grid by means of a diode rectifier, an intermediate buck-boost dc-dc converter, and a multilevel converter with reduced number switches. The grid side multilevel converter is controlled to obtain high efficiency under different load conditions. Vector control of the grid-side multilevel converter featured with output voltage and frequency controller that is capable of handling variable load conditions. The operation and performance of the proposed system have been evaluated by Matlab/simulink. Simulation results shows that the controller regulate magnitude and frequency of voltage to match with the grid under varying wind and load conditions.


The sizeable fiscal consolidation required to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratios in several countries in the aftermath of the global crisis raises a crucial question on its feasibility. To answer this question, we rely on historical evidence from a sample of 91 adjustment episodes of countries during 1945-2012 that needed and wanted to adjust in order to stabilize debt to GDP. We find that, in at least half the cases, countries improved their cyclically adjusted primary balances by close to 5 percent of GDP. We also observe that, while countries typically make substantial efforts to stabilize debt, once this objective is achieved, they tend to ease their primary balances and do not necessarily get back to their initial lower debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that consolidations tended to be larger when the initial deficit was high and adjustment efforts were sustained over time. Fiscal adjustments also tended to be larger when accompanied by an easing of monetary conditions and, to a lesser extent, by an improvement in credit conditions.


The air pollution is going to be increased as the anthropogenic activity is growing up. The monitoring of air in the main urban areas of Albania is carried out by the Institute of Public Health (ISHP). In this paper are presented the data of air quality monitoring for the year 2008. The most important parameters that are measured are the respiratory dust PM 10, SO2, NO2, O3, total dust LGS, Pb. There are tendencies in increase of PM 10, NO2 in the air compared with previous air monitoring. The measured values of LGS a PM10 are higher than the norms of international classifications from EU and WHO. The LGS values ranged from 75.13-238 µg/m 3 and PM 10 values ranged from 53.38-238 µg/m 3 . This values evidence the risk posed from the air for the health of the people especially in the urban areas. The other parameters SO2, NO2, O3, and Pb values are within permitted norms of standards. It is evidenced an progress improvement of the air quality compared of the year 2007.


In multi-cell long term evolution (LTE) networks, the load levels that represent the cells' resource consumption are coupled due to mutual interference. The coupling relation forms a non-linear system, in which one cell's load governs the interference seen by the other cells. For heterogeneous networks with shared resource, load coupling takes place within the macro cell and small cell layers, as well as across the two layers. We investigate the problem of setting cell load levels for maximizing the overall system utility, where the utility is an increasing and concave function in served traffic. The paper presents the following contributions. First, we provide and prove the problem's NP-hardness. Second, for the sub-problem of resource allocation for given cell load, we present optimality conditions and tractability, along with detailing the computation for logarithmic utility functions. Third, for the non-convex problem of optimal load selection, we provide necessary optimality conditions to guide load adjustment in seeking utility improvement. Repeatedly applying load adjustment leads to a search algorithm for load optimization. Fourth, we illustrate cell load optimization for a representative LTE heterogeneous network scenario, and highlight the impact of utility function and the range of small cells on optimal load and user throughput.


Abstract Introduction  Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling disease which requires lifelong treatment. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment as of now, which are very expensive and known to cause many side effects. It would be favourable if alternative treatment options like homeopathy are brought into limelight in the treatment of schizophrenia. Very sparse literature is available evaluating the utility of individualised homoeopathic medicine in the this condition. Methods  A 33-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of schizophrenia and under conventional medication was treated during a period of April 2019 to October 2020. Individualised homoeopathic medicine was prescribed as add-on therapy. Outcomes were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Side effects of antipsychotics were assessed using Glasgow Antipsychotics Side-effects Scale. Modified Naranjo Criteria was used to assess whether the changes were likely to be associated with the homoeopathic intervention. Results  A beneficial result was obtained from individualised homoeopathic treatment. The antipsychotic medication was stopped within 9 months of treatment. Conclusion  More studies with large sample size are required to provide additional support to this study.


ABSTRACT – I
This paper draws on the dynamic capabilities and organizational learning to provide a comprehensive model to examine and evaluate the constituents of both concepts and unsheathe new insights necessary to sustain organizational successful performance in a dynamic, unstable economy. Dynamic capabilities defined as the ability to create, deploy and renew the organization's resource base in response to the changing environment. Three main dynamic capabilities were addressed; sensing, seizing and reconfiguration based on the work of Teece (2007). Learning mechanism are critical to the development of dynamic capabilities. Learning mechanisms defined as routinized activities directed at the development of operational routines based on the work of Zollo & Winter (2002).
The purpose of this study to explore and establish the nature of the interactive relationship between organizational learning and dynamic capabilities. This research employed a case study of a pharmaceutical company, through semi-structured interviews as the main data collection tool using a qualitative approach. The argument is made that there is a dynamic and 2-way relationship between dynamic capabilities and organizational learning. To exploit the benefit of dynamic capabilities, we argue that learning mechanisms must be designed to address each of the dynamic capabilities. The framework developed in this research enables organizational learning output to be fully captured and incorporated back into the dynamic capabilities, at the same time, addressing the input of dynamic capabilities back into the organizational learning to improve learning mechanisms and enrich the knowledge asset of the firm. The thesis concludes with recommendations for organizations in designing organizational learning mechanisms.

ABSTRACT – II
This study aims to explore the role of leadership in facilitating and supporting organization learning and dynamic capabilities. Two main areas have been identified where the input of leadership is most valuable; creating a learning-promoting environment and creating learning-promoting learning mechanisms. Each area has been examined to uncover specific roles of leadership.
Existing research has acknowledged the leadership role as imperative in the development of learning organizations. In this research, specific roles if leadership were examined to uncover more insights that can help organizational learning intake on dynamic capabilities.
This study highlights the centrality of visionary leaders who can cope with change and are able to motivate people and rally their commitments. The transfer of knowledge was facilitated by a flexible environment and a culture of trust. The argument made that system thinking is central to join the effort of leadership across the organization into improving organizational learning processes. The study concludes with the dominant roles of leadership in developing organizational learning processes and environment.


A frustrated vertex model is proposed to elucidate some essential properties in proton glass. The frustration mechanism is clarified which arises from the geometric constraint, the so-called ice rule, rather than competing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric interactions. By comparing two order parameters which are obtained by exact thermal averaging and by Monte Carlo sampling, broken ergodicity as well as broken symmetry is examined. Estimation of the diffusion constant in a diffusion process in relevant configuration space allows us to discuss the ergodic convergence property in connection with the free energy surface structure.


A space-time probabilistic model can be combined with a dual objective management model to rank reconstruction strategies for a water supply pipe network. The network is characterised by similar age and environmental and traffic conditions. A homogeneous spatial Poisson process represents the location of pipe failures, while the number of failures is modelled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process. Thus, a space-time Poisson process describes failure probabilities in space and time. A simulation procedure is used to generate failure patterns in any time and estimate expected costs and expected failure consequences. A dual objective management model may be developed to aid ranking reconstruction strategies for a selected time horizon aiming at minimising cost and failure impact. A Failure Impact Index FI is formulated by calculating the areal extend of unacceptable pressure drops due to individual failures. The results indicate a trade-off exists between cost and FI.


Any change of external or internal environment causes body's responses that facilitate its adaptation. Pathogenesis of stress reaction study is always topical as it is aimed at the investigation of optimal adaptation mechanisms to impaired agents. The aim – to study the dynamics of free-radical oxidation indices and antioxidant protection in male rats' heart undergone chronic prenatal, postnatal stress and their combination. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 44 white non-pedigreed pubertal three-month-rats. Prenatal stress was induced by keeping pregnant female rats in narrow pencil case for an hour. Postnatal stress was induced in 1.5 to three-monthrats by keeping them in cages with living space restriction twice as much. Combined stress comprised using two methods.


ARE YOU A TECHNICIAN, analyst, operator, or other applied chemical technology professional? Do you work with, supervise, or mentor applied chemical technology professionals? Do you educate the next...


To evaluate the protective effects of selenium with vitamins A, C and E (selenium ACE, i.e. antioxidants), verapamil (calcium channel blocker), and losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) against extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)‐induced renal injury.


Brenda Roe and Roger Beech's book offers a comprehensive review of the often neglected and under-researched areas of intermediate and continuing care. It uses a whole-system approach and draws on the existing evidence base and the authors' personal experiences.


An 83-year-oldman presented with a biopsy-proven melanoma of the right posterior maxillary gingiva. A staging positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan revealed fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-avid lesions in the right maxilla and right neck, and a 7-mm right upper lobe nodule, which was deemed indeterminate and was believed to be representative of lung metastasis versus a primary lung cancer. He underwent resection of the right maxillary mass and an in-transit mandibular metastatic lesion. Additional neck dissection demonstrated lymph node (LN) involvement in a single Level 2A LN and 2 Level 1B LNs with extracapsular extension (total 48 LNs resected). Lymph node pathology was consistent with metastatic mucosal melanoma. Genetic testing revealed negative actionable gene mutations.


The text makes a deep analysis of the different meanings of the name of Chinese Library Classification(CLC),and suggests changing its name from Chinese Library Classification(CLC)to Chinese Literature Classification(CLC)in the fifth emendation of CLC.


The Peruvian military government of 1968-80 defied the expectations and categorizations derived from academic work on the character and performance of its counterparts, past and present, in other Latin American countries.1 A key anomaly is the fact that labor and the left were not eclipsed, but instead emerged strengthened by the period of military rule in their mobilizing capacity and electoral presence.2 The purpose of this article is to explain the legacy of the military government for labor and the left by elucidating the processes that led to their strengthening, with particular emphasis on the policies of the Velasco regime.


Objective:To explore the correlative factors affected the clinical efficacy of one-stage surgical management of spinal tuberculosis with paraplegia.Method:From December 1999 to June 2004,Eighty-one cases of spinal tuberculosis were treated surgically by a single stage procedure,including anterior resection or focus debridement and interbody autografting plus instrumention.The preoperative MRI,ESR,postoperative wound drainage and clinical findings were retrospectively analyzed.Result:In our series of 63 patients,average 2 vertebral lesions missed on plain radiographs but were detected by MRI(P0.05).72 patients were followed up for an average of 26.4 monthes(range 3 to 58 monthes),their Frankel classification was improved 1.22 grade and kyphosis abnormality also got improved apparently.Screws loosening were found in 14 out of 16 screwes inplanted in abnormal vertebrae based on MRI 3 monthes postoperatively(the loosening rate is 87.5%),compared with 4 out of 188 screws inplanted in normal vertebrae(the loosening rate is 2.13%).The paraplegia of 3 cases were aggravated for screw loosening.The sinuses were found in 8.10 percent of the non-drainge group patients,compared with nil in drainge group patients.Among the 72 cases,69 cases were found their ESR in normal range after 3 monthes.Conclusion:Preoprative MRI and attentive information adoption of it and wound drainge are the key points to gain good result and to decrease the postoperative complication.The patients with progressive paraplegia can be relatively safe to be treated surgically with carefully preparation,even if the preoprative ESR is above the normal level and the period of time for anti-TB drugs is less than 2 weeks.


The low capacity of current anion‐hosting electrodes makes it challenging to meet future energy requirements. Maintaining the high capacity of ions per unit volume and/or weight is always the ultimate goal for an optimal electrode design. Here, an organic framework is reported that can efficiently co‐store anions and cations in a single discharge/charge process, accompanied with a special cation‐assisted electrode activation process. The inserted cations not only facilitate anion diffusion kinetics, but also make a considerable contribution to the total capacity of the electrodes. This anion–cation co‐storage cathode thus can deliver a high capacity of 530 mAh g−1 at 3.4–1.0 V and a high energy density of 901 Wh kg−1 after 800 cycles (at 0.15 A g−1). The understanding of the self‐activation process is expected to inspire electrode design that utilizes anionic–cationic hybrid electrode chemistries beyond current Li‐ion batteries.


I investigate whether hiatus resolution in Greek (a) is a categorical rule, (b) applies within a certain prosodic domain, and (c) what effect focus exerts on this rule. The results suggest that the process is gradient, not categorical. Moreover, deletion of one of the two vowels creating hiatus occurs only for 25% of the data and there is no assimilation between the two vowels at all for 30% of the data. For the remaining 45% of the data there is assimilation in varying degrees. Vowels around strong boundaries and vowels in focused environments show greater resistance to assimilation than those around weak boundaries and non-focused environments. A strong positive correlation was found between duration and the degree of assimilation: Vowels with long duration resist assimilation more than vowels with short duration. There is also a significant influence of the quality of the input vowels both on segmental duration and the degree of assimilation.


We report a case of exuberant artefacts on the magnetic resonance imaging scan of the elbow produced by invisible metal debris secondary to previous surgery.


The oxymercuration-demercuration of styrene with optically active mercuric tartrate, 2-phenylpropionate, mandelate, camphorate, menthoxyacetate, and monomethyl tartrate resulted in a partial asymmetric synthesis of 1-phenylethanol. When mercuric tartrate was used, exceptionally high optical yields (25–32%) were observed. The mechanisms for the asymmetric synthesis are discussed.


A numerical model of ground-water flow was developed for a 10.3-squaremile area along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, east-central Pennsylvania. Ground water in the model area primarily is in secondary openings in the carbonateand clastic-rock aquifers and primary openings in the glacial-outwash aquifer that discontinuously overlies bedrock. The ground-water flow model was calibrated under average steady-state conditions for 1981. The simulated 1981 water budget indicates an average inflow rate of 7.24 cubic feet per second. Of this, 93 percent is recharge from precipitation and 6.6 percent is boundary flow. Sixty-two percent of the outflow is leakage to streams, 21 percent to pumpage, and 17 percent to evapotranspiration. The model was calibrated under transient conditions for December 22, 1980 through April 21, 1982. Water-level fluctuations caused by natural stresses were more successfully simulated than those caused by pumping stresses. Three 10-year, hypothetical stress periods were simulated with the calibrated, transient model. The general impact of three pumping schemes under hypothetical drought and drought recovery conditions were simulated. INTRODUCTION A project was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission as part of their Special Ground-Water Study funded through the U.S. Water Resources Council. The objective of the Special Ground-Water Study is to determine the availability, distribution, and quality of the ground-water resources in the Susquehanna River basin. The objectives of the study addressed In this report are to: 1. Conceptualize and quantify ground-water flow in a complex aquifer system; and 2. Provide a means of evaluating the general impact of potential stresses on the aquifer system. The area along the Susquehanna River between Berwick and Bloomsburg in Columbia County was selected for a modeling study because: (1) it is underlain by a carbonate-rock aquifer of regional importance as a present and potential source of water for municipal, commercial, and industrial use; (2) significant amounts of ground water are presently withdrawn in the area and additional ground-water development is predicted; and (3) data collected as part of an investigation of the ground-water resources of Columbia County and surrounding 1 area by Williams and Eckhardt (1987) could be used in model development. This report discusses the development and use of a numerical model of ground-water flow in bedrock and glacial-outwash aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania. Location and Physiographic Setting The study area is located along the Susquehanna River between Berwick and Bloorasburg in Columbia County, east-central Pennsylvania (fig. 1). A 10.3 mi (square mile) area was modeled. The area is within the Appalachian Mountain Section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. The Appalachian Mountain Section is characterized by mountainous terrain consisting of a series of long valleys and narrow ridges. The model area is characterized by flat terraces and steep slopes. The terrace area averages about 3,000 ft (feet) wide and ranges in altitude from 450 to 500 ft above sea level. A sharp topographic break is present between the terrace and slope areas. The slope area generally is 1,000 to 2,000 ft wide and its altitudes are as high as 700 ft above sea level. The model area is drained by the Susquehanna River, Fishing Creek, and four smaller streams (fig. 1). Population centers include Bloomsburg, Espy, Almedia, and Lime Ridge. / "BLOOMSBURG > --_ Farms Well Field LIME RIDGEr* COLUMBIA COUNTY BERWICK BLOOMSBURG KILOMETER


Based on the classification of ecosystem services(i.e.provisioning services,regulating services,cultural services and supporting services) in the "Millennium Ecosystem Assessment",an evaluation index system is set up which includes water supply,flood control,climate regulation,recreation,biological diversity and others to clearly assess the main ecosystem functions of the Yongding River in Beijing.Results show that the total value of the ecosystem services of the Yongding River in Beijing is 43.28 billion Yuan RMB at current prices.The values of the provisioning,regulating,cultural and supporting services are 0.27 billion,25.12 billion,16.45 billion and 1.45 billion Yuan(all in RMB),respectively.Among the four different services,the regulating and cultural ecosystems account for over 90% of the total ecosystem values.This study provides theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of the Yongding River in Beijing and the assessment of river ecosystem services.


This essay argues that The Emigrants reveals the contradictions and shortcomings inherent in dominant late‐eighteenth‐century English and French geographical self‐representations as well as in the material realities of England and France. The poem shows how the actual uses of inhabited spaces, along with geographical self‐representations in maps, newspapers and magazines, alienated and displaced many of the people who constituted the two nations. Through both negative and positive examples, the poem offers a preferable self‐representation that might replace the existing ones. Smith and many of her contemporaries recognized what postmodern geographers like Edward Soja have only recently reasserted: that "the organization and meaning of space is a product of social translation, transformation, and experience." Smith's Emigrants challenges the dominant organizations and meanings of British and French spaces, offering instead a peaceful, egalitarian replacement—a replacement that, she indicates, is immanent in nature itself.


Letter from William Holden, executive vice president and general manager of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, to Amon Carter giving details of the special arrangements in connection with Gen. Douglas MacArthur's June 16 visit.


The utility model relates to a wireless charging movable light source which comprises a movable lamp body and a charging base. The charging base comprises a power plug, an alternating current and direct current converting module, a wireless emission module and a first coil. The movable lamp body comprises a second coil, a wireless receiving module, a lithium battery, an MCU control module, a dimming module and an LED lamp, wherein the power plug is connected to a household alternating power supply, the alternating current and direct current converting module converts alternating current into 5Vdirect current and supplies power for the wireless emission module, and the wireless emission module enables the first coil to produce a magnetic field in a control mode. The wireless receiving module enables the second coil to receive a signal produced by the first coil and charges the lithium battery, the lithium battery supplies power for the MCU control module and the dimming module, and the MCU control module adjusts the brightness of the LED lamp through the dimming module. In the wireless charging movable light source, charging can be finished and night lamp functions can be achieved only by placing the lamp body on the charging base. If the movable light source is needed, the movable lamp body can be taken up and used as a flashlight.


Thank you for reading writing about reading from book talk to literary essays grades 3 8. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this writing about reading from book talk to literary essays grades 3 8, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


Highly orientation ZAO thin films were deposited by radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering technique and the film was annealed at 400℃in argon atmosphere for an hour and two hours respectively,further annealed in air for an hour at the same temperature to the former.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),spectrophotometer and four-point probe were employed to characterize and analyze the films.The results show that annealing affects the structure,electrical and optical properties of ZAO films.The resistivity and visible transmittance of the as-deposited ZAO thin film is 2.59Ω·cm and 70% respectively.After annealed at 400℃ in pure argon atmosphere for an hour,the crystal size increases and the tensile stress decreases;the visible transmittance of the film increases from 70% to 80%,while the resistivity changes little,only decreased from 2.59Ω·cm to 1.37Ω·cm.After annealed at 400℃ in argon atmosphere for two hours or further annealed in air for an hour,the visible transmittance of the films is 75% and 80%,while the resistivity is 14.7Ω·cm and 0.69Ω·cm respectively.


An innovative gelator was synthesised by non-covalent interactions from triarylamine derivative as N, N, N′, N′-tetrakis(p-octadecylureido-phenyl)-p-phenylenediamine (TOUPPD), and its gelation potential was examined in different organic solvents. The resulting thermo-reversible gel was characterised by using the dropping ball method and a number of other methods. The melting temperature of the gel increased with the TOUPPD concentration. Temperature-dependent UV–vis and fluorescence analysis revealed that the gel exhibited blue fluorescence and H-aggregation in decalin. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the TOUPPD gel was observed from FT-IR spectrometry. The morphological self-assembled feature of the gel was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conductivity and solid electrolyte experiments, the organogel electrolytes exhibited high conductivity (σ) comparable to the corresponding NaClO4/THF solution. The conductivity of the gel electrolytes increased with the concentration of the electrolyte salt. The TOUPPD film exhibited well-defined conductivity of 2.5 × 10–4 to 3.5 × 10− 6 S cm− 1 in the solid state upon addition of a known concentration of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).


To the Editor: Worldwide, lung cancer, particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of tumor-related death. Cost-effectiveness analysis show no economic benefits for advanced NSCLC patients over chemotherapy. Furthermore, tests such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) tests, evaluated via immunohistochemical methods and next-generation sequencing, respectively, are widely used for screening potential beneficiaries of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, these two methods have different predictive values, making their comprehensive evaluation the focus of the current controversy.


The concordance between infants' emotion regulation styles with different partners has not been consistently analysed nor have the relational correlates of such potential across-partners similarities. We explored these issues by assessing 10-month-olds' (59.6% boys) emotion regulation styles separately with mother and father and by evaluating mother-infant and fatherinfant interaction quality. The sample consisted of 50 low-risk families. Two home visits were conducted and similar procedures were adopted for each visit. Parent-infant interaction quality was assessed during daily routines and during free play; both parents independently completed a temperament questionnaire. Infant emotion regulation was assessed in a semi-structured problem-solving task: adaptive versus maladaptive (under and over-regulation) styles. As predicted, infants' emotion regulation with their mothers and fathers were related. However, only father-infant interaction quality predicted infants' emotion regulation concordance: lower interaction quality was associated with maladaptive concordance compared with nonconcordance and higher interaction quality was associated with adaptive concordance compared with non-concordance. Our results support the claim that by the end of the first year of life, infants use similar emotion regulation styles with mother and father and point to father-infant interaction as an important correlate of emotion regulation across-parents.


Heat-capacity and heat-release data are reported in K 1−x Na x TaO 3 for x=0, 0.08, and 0.24 at temperatures below 1 K and attributed to reorientations of the nuclear quadrupoles of 181 Ta. In pure KTaO 3 , the quadrupoles relax exponentially, whereas doping with Na at the K site introduces relaxation described by the Kohlrausch stretched-exponential function


In this paper, a new type of gearless traction machine drive system with a permanent-magnet (PM) motor for high speed elevators is presented. This application of a PM motor to the elevator traction machine enables several improvements including higher efficiency, greater ride comfort, and miniaturization and so on. A voltage-fed 3-phase PWM rectifier is also adopted so that DC bus voltage regulation, bi-directional power flow and controllable power factor with reduced input current harmonics are possible. To guarantee reliability of the whole system, the RC terminator at the motor side is designed for decreasing d/spl nu//dt ratio at motor terminal and then preventing insulation failure of the motor. Some experimental results of 240 m/min operation are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


We report on high-resolution observations (R=35 000) of the Hubble Deep Field South QSO J2233-606 obtained with the University College London Echelle Spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We present spectral data for the wavelength region 3530 3700 A. Voigt profiles are fitted to determine the redshift and column densities of the observed features. Eight heavy-element intervening systems are identified, as well as an associated system showing evidence for incomplete coverage of the background source.


Abstract The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff sensu lato is a complex of genetically divergent emerging pests responsible for damages to tree industries and ecosystems around the world. All lineages within the species complex are currently considered morphologically identical, presenting problems for their delineation and highlighting the shortcomings of species concepts based solely on type-specimen morphology.The objectives of this work were to 1) broaden the geographic sampling of the E. fornicatus complex in Asia, 2) reconstruct relationships between clades and populations, 3) find morphological characters or combinations of characters which are useful in delimiting the genetic lineages of the E. fornicatus species complex, and 4) propose taxonomic delimitation of species where morphology and phylogenetic identity correlate. Our integrated approach using molecular and morphological evidence suggests four clades that differ morphologically, but with overlap, therefore, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) barcoding remains necessary for assigning specimens to a clade.The following taxonomic changes are proposed: E. fornicatus (Eichhoff 1868) (= 'Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade a'); E. fornicatior (Eggers 1923), stat. rev. (= 'Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade b'); E. whitfordiodendrus (Schedl 1942), stat. rev. (= 'Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer'); and E. kuroshio Gomez and Hulcr, sp. nov. (= 'Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer'). This approach delivers a practical, evidence-based guidance for species delineation that can address overlapping variation in morphological characters of an emerging pest species complex.