Award systems play the central role in public procurement, since they determine what is considered by the contracting authority as 'the most economically advantageous tender.' Many award systems that are used in practice have serious shortcomings, which are caused by the use of relative scores. In this article, the consequences of those shortcomings are demonstrated, using examples from real procurement procedures and case law. The examples are analyzed with methods from econometrics, social choice theory and game theory.


In this work, a study of the photoluminescence (PL) temperature dependence in quantum well GaAs/GaAsSb and double quantum well InGaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with different parameters of GaAsSb and InGaAs layers has been performed. It has been demonstrated that in double quantum well InGaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs heterostructures, a significant shift of the PL peak to a longer-wavelength region (up to 1.2 μm) and a considerable reduction in the PL thermal quenching in comparison with GaAs/GaAsSb structures can be obtained due to better localization of charge carriers in the double quantum well. For InGaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs heterostructures, an additional channel of radiative recombination with participation of the excited energy states in the quantum well, competing with the main ground-state radiative transition, has been revealed.


The present paper discusses the various critical elements of a modal testing system based on pulsed-laser holographic ESPI measurements. Such system allows making very high spatial resolution measurements on panel-like structures at frequencies which are of relevance for the vibro-acoustic behavior.


Local search (LS) has proven to be an efficient optimization technique in clustering applications and in minimization of stochastic complexity of a data set. In the present paper we propose two ways of organizing LS in these contexts, the multiple strategies local search (MSLS) and the adaptive multiple strategies local search (AMSLS) and compare their performance to single strategy (random swap) LS method and repeated GLA. Both of these use several different LS variants to solve the same problem. MSLS applies these variants cyclically in the same order, whereas AMSLS adapts itself to favor the variants which manage to improve the result more frequently. We use a large database of binary vectors representing strains of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and a binary image as our test materials. The new techniques turn out to be very promising in these tests.


Nurses at the Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust in Birmingham will don new uniforms next month that roll back the years.


Decision-making on water allocation is a complex issue as decision makers need the support of technical knowledge to rationalize their decisions. However, it does not mean that science can provide a complete solution when it has to deal with different needs and concerns about water. Economics, values, politics and other factors also involve in water resources management. Government is usually the one who assesses water availability, plans and makes a decision on how water should be allocated, and ensures wide participation by stakeholder in decision-making. More involvement of stakeholder is very important for effective water policies, more equitable access and sustainable use. On the other hand, it may affect the use of technical knowledge. The study aims to take technical knowledge into consideration identifying what roles have technical and political regimes played in water allocation decision-making. From the eyes of water engineers, they suggest water allocation based on technical knowledge; however, their suggestions may not be the answer in practice. I intend to apply the concept of technical knowledge-policy relationship to identify how water in the case study of Chonburi province in Thailand should be allocated according to technical knowledge, and how water is actually allocated. A single-case study as qualitative research method and multiple methods are employed to collect both primary and secondary data including interviews, direct observations, and documentation. This study helps to bridge the gap between technical knowledge and politics; and gains a deeper understanding of water allocation decision.


The objective of the paper is to focus on the transmission details of macroeconomic adjustment in a crisis-prone economy. The nature of currency crisis is examined in terms of the third generation approach as suggested by Krugman and Kim. According to this approach currency depreciation involves net contractionary effect on aggregate demand due to adverse effect on firms' balance sheet. Since crisis itself is a shock, involving adjustment in output and exchange rate, the model developed in the paper studies interaction between the real and the financial sector. In this model commodity prices are rigid, asset prices are flexible and expectation is rationally formed. The different comparative static propositions attempted in this paper suggest the role of monetary contraction and fiscal expansion in mitigating the contractionary effects of currency crisis. The paper also studies implications of adverse external shock. It is argued that external shock exacerbates the real sector contraction, which currency crisis always involves through the balance sheet effect on firms' investment. Broad policy messages of the paper are that sequencing of capital account liberalization has to be judiciously chosen and financial openness should follow under prudential supervision.


Novel Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped Si–B–Na–Sr (SBNS) glasses were synthesized by melt-quenching technique. Excited by 327 nm, the 0.5Dy3+-and 0.5Ce3+-doped SBNS exhibits white emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.308, 0.280). Basic optical characterizations have been performed by measuring the absorption and emission spectra and calculating Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative probability, luminescence branching ratio, cross sections, and effective bandwidth. The Judd–Ofelt parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 indicate a high asymmetrical environment and covalent environment in the optical glass. The emission color of Ce3+ and Dy3+ codoped transparent glass can be tuned from blue to white through energy transfer from Ce3+ to Dy3+ ions. The resulting glass may have potential application in white-light-emitting source.


An improved moving target detector (MTD) (a digital signal processor) has been designed, constructed, and tested which successfully rejects all forms of radar clutter while providing reliable detection of all aircraft within the coverage of the radar. The MTD is being tested on both terminal and enroute surveillance radars for the FAA. This processor has been integrated with automatic tracking algorithms to give complete rejection of ground clutter, heavy precipitation, and angels (birds).


NeuroQLab DTI is a software tool which we developed for efficient and robust fiber tractography and fiber quantification. It consists of deterministic and probabilistic fiber tracking algorithms and offers multiple options for seeding and filtering fiber tracts. This paper shows the fiber tracking results for three different patient data sets, published within the context of the 2015 DTI tractography challenge. All patients suffered from a tumor in the close vicinity of the precentral gyrus. The task of the challenge was to reconstruct the pyramidal tracts (left and right hemisphere) for all three patients. We propose to use a probabilistic approach which adapts its control parameters locally. This allows for a reconstruction of fiber bundles whose geometric properties and whose corresponding underlying diffusion processes vary throughout passing brain regions. For defining seed regions, we utilized a 3D picking mechanism so that seed ROIs can interactively be placed on the brain surface or within the brain. Our results show that the pyramidal tracts can reliably and efficiently be tracked for the given data sets. Fig. 1. The pyramidal tract is an accumulation of upper motor neuron fibers that start in the precentral gyrus and terminate either in the brainstem (corticobulbar tract) or in the spinal cord (corticospinal tract). The image data have been provided within the context of the MICCAI tractography challenge 2015 (patient 1).


For a better understanding of the phenomenological characteristics of A-V nodal conduction the impulse propagation through a transmission line consisting of units obeying the Bonhoeffer-Van der Poll equations was studied. It appears that impulse propagation through such a transmission line shows similarity with A-V nodal conduction.


Thank you for reading continuous optimization models theory techniques and applications. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this continuous optimization models theory techniques and applications, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


New Zealand's is a Pacific Island nation which experiences impacts from a wide variety of natural hazards including tsunami. While large-scale, destructive tsunami have not recently been generated in the vicinity of New Zealand, there is a history of large local and distant source tsunami occurring and resulting in significant runup heights along various coastlines. Although tsunami have the potential to penetrate inland, the first and most severe damage will occur in coastal cities and communities. Among that infrastructure that is most exposed to damage from tsunami is ports. Given the criticality of ports to the economic and social wellbeing of New Zealand, this research sought to assess potential tsunami impacts on existing New Zealand port infrastructure via a first-principles approach consisting of three steps. First, tsunami propagation models were developed for each of New Zealand's 13 major ports. Second, tsunami loading characteristics were derived from a variety of design standards and experimental modelling. Finally, structural wharf models were developed to represent New Zealand infrastructure and tested against the tsunami loads to calculate predictive damage states. The results of this work included both detailed tsunami hazard information for the respective ports and the generalised damage states that could be linked back to specific ports.


Objective. To assess the value of 2 transducer positions for measurement of finger flexor tendon thickness by sonography. Methods. Flexor tendon thickness of the third finger was measured sonographically by 2 independent investigators in 20 healthy volunteers (n = 40 fingers) and in 4 cadaveric specimens (n = 4 fingers). Flexor tendon thickness was measured at histologic examination in the cadaveric specimens. We defined the area of the A1 annular pulley as position I and the area of the A2 annular pulley as position II. Sonographic measurements were performed in transverse (dorsovolar and radioulnar) and longitudinal planes. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were evaluated by each investigator performing 3 measurements at each position. Results. In position I, volunteers had flexor tendon thickness of 2.7 to 4.0 mm (mean ± SD, 3.28 ± 0.26 mm) longitudinally; transversally the thickness was 2.5 to 4.0 mm (mean, 3.34 ± 0.29 mm) dorsovolar and 5.5 to 8.9 mm (mean, 7.34 ± 0.71) radioulnar in position I. Position II revealed thickness of 3.2 to 4.2 mm (mean, 3.6 ± 0.23 mm) longitudinally; transversally the thickness was 2.7 to 4.1 mm (mean, 3.4 ± 0.27) dorsovolar and 4.3 to 6.8 mm (mean, 5.27 ± 0.65) radioulnar. Interobserver and intraobserver variability for position I was better than for position II (P < .01 versus P < .05). Sonographic findings correlated excellently with histologic findings (r2 = 0.94). Conclusions. Standardized transducer positions for sonographic measurements of finger flexor tendon thickness showed good interobserver and intraobserver variability. Position I was found to be more reliable than position II.


Cross-coupled differential pairs implement an even-order active frequency multiplier in 90 nm SiGe-BiCMOS. The multiplier core uses asymmetric biasing to realize an even-order transfer function. Wideband (WB) and narrowband doublers built around the active core are proposed, and their relative performance is compared from simulation. Measurement of a WB prototype consisting of the doubler, active load with feedback regulation of bias, and 50 Ω input and output buffers validates the circuit concepts. Conversion gain (CG) for the WB doubler peaks at low frequency (e.g., 12 dB at 10 GHz) and rolls off to 0 dB at 100 GHz. For 25 GHz output, significant spurs are: -25 dBc at 12.5 GHz (input tone) and -28 dBc at 50 GHz (4th harmonic). The 0.37 mm 2 WB testchip consumes 55.5 mA from a 4.5 V supply.


The Platos Laggon located at the southeastern portion of the Rio Grande do Sul State, has an area of approximately 7000km2. One of the grantear problems that are faced when one tries to simulate its hydraulic behaviour is concerned to the amount of field data one has to obtain. With such a large area, the movements of the Patos Laggon is possible greatly influenced by the wind. Neverthless, it is impossible to obtain the real wind distribution over the Lagoon. In this work two simulations are presented in which field data of three anemographs located at the Lagoon's shore were used as surface boundary condition. These recorded data were used with two different interpolations over the Lagoon's mesh. The results are compared with recorded water levels.


Introduction- Iron deficiency anemia is one of the common nourishing deficits in recent years. More than half of the pregnant and one third of non-pregnant fruitful women suffer from anemia. This study was done to determine the amount of iron deficiency an fruitfulness age women who were refer to consulting centers before getting married. Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive investigation, 350 member of women were take part who have refereed to consulting centers of Ardabil city be for getting married. At first a questioner was prepared that was about their demographic states, illness history and the time of their first period. And then the blood test was conducted to test Hemoglobin- Hematocrit and ferritin serum of the individual and then the data was analyzed by using SPSS soft ware. Results: the results showed that about 37.7 percent of the refereed women in fruitfulness age are affected iron deficiency anemia and the amount of their blood Hemoglobin was less than 12g per deciliter and about 15 percent of them have less than 10 g/dl. The amount of ferritin serum as the main iron deficiency anemia determinant factor was less than 12 g/dl in 56.8 percent of them. One of the main reasons of iron deficiency anemia in women is menstruation blooding. In this investigation, it was asked from women about the amount of their menstruation bleeding, and about 46 percent the anemia affected women had said that they have high amount of menstruation bleeding. The parasitism diseases history as the main iron deficiency anemia factor was recorded in 17.7 percent of the women who were affected to this disease. Resulting: By considering the importance of anemia in fruitful women, persevering control of this group of women and doing the necessary training and premedical methods and prescribing the iron tablet in necessary.


A mobile station, and a wireless local area network devices for wireless communications, the mobile station includes a detection module, the address determining module, transmission module and backhaul judging module. Detecting means for detecting a media access control management protocol data unit. Address determining means for determining a media access control management protocol data unit is attacked frame. Transmission means for when the media access control management protocol data unit is attacked and transmitting frames in the current state of the highest level to the wireless local area network device. Backhaul judging module according to whether a wireless local area network devices return the frame to determine wireless local area network device is under attack. The present invention further provides a method of a base station and a wireless local area network device to detect attacks. Said mobile station, a base station and a wireless local area network method for detecting attacks means for detecting unlink fraud or cancel the authentication service attacks frame, can understand the network communication status.


This paper makes an analysis of Islam in China's neighboring countries and Islamic Fundamentalism. It is pointed out that it is necessary to pay attention to and be aware of the inevitability of the politicization of Islamic Fundamentalism instead of opposing to it in generalities. We should fight the extreme Islamic Fundamentalism.


values and have no designators are not always immediately understood, and desired behavior is not obvious. What helps on the path of choosing and understanding desired values are the significant people with whom the child identifies, adopting their motives, patterns of behaviors and moral evaluations. The structure of this text corresponds to the problems analyzed in sequence and comprises issues such as: the place of values in the process of upbringing; developmental characteristics of the preschool child and the reception of the world of values; significant persons in moral upbringing. The analysis of the above indicated points, leads to the conclusion that the process of discovering the world of values is complex and long-term, subject to multiple conditions, among which the developmental characteristics of the child hold an important place. This process takes place in various surroundings of the child's life. There the child comes into contact with people who become carriers of values and norms. Pedagogization of these surroundings is a condition that will help to introduce children to the world of values tailored to their needs and abilities.


With the continuous improvement of interactive technology, computers and people's lives have been inseparable. In this paper, the author makes an optimal design of relationship model between E-commerce marketing and performance based on cloud service technology. Many advantages of cloud marketing will make marketing more accurate, convenient, low cost and effective. Moreover, cloud marketing can also provide many other new and personalized services and products. Therefore, e-commerce enterprises should meet the individual needs of consumers, at the same time to provide reasonable and complete supporting services.


Practical problems associated with the depth profiling of impurity distributions in silicon and silicon dioxide are illustrated for several widely used surface analysis techniques as applied at a number of laboratories. The methods used for depth profiling were Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The profiles measured for zinc-implanted silicon displayed good overall agreement when presented on a normalized scale, but when presented on an absolute basis displayed large discrepancies attributed to matrix effects and instrumental artifacts. An examination of some typical analysis craters by optical interferometry, stylus profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy revealed severe redeposition of the sputtered material, asymmetrical cavities with concave or convex bottoms, and severe undercutting at material interfaces.


The phase space of a supersymmetric point particle turns out to be constrained in certain cases, which lead to a new type of superspace. This report treats the cases where the Weyl condition is imposed on the spinors, as well as the case of a de Sitter supersymmetry.


In contrast to theory and research on institutionalized forms, less attention has been given to the creation of new institutional practices and arrangements. Researchers have recently argued that n...


Much informations about the geology and chemical composition of a drainage basin is recorded in the fluvial and lacustrine sediments. The Paranoa Lake basin is formed of rocks from the Paranoa Group, which is composed of shales, overlain by sand-siltic rhytmite and quartzites. The Paranoa Lake lies on violet shales, costituted by illite and kaolinite. The streams that form the Paranoa Lake also drain the sand-siltic rhytmite and its lateritic soil cover, as well as the quartzite. The lateritic soil cover is formed by kaolinite and gibbsite. The mineralogical characterization of the sediments from the Paranoa Lake indicates their provenance. This work presents the results of the characterization of the detritic materials of the bottom of the Paranoa Lake in order to identify the sediments provenance and the dynamical system. The material was analysed by X-ray diffraction in a whole sample and also in a clay fraction successively oriented and air-dried, etileno-glicol solvated and heated until 490 o C. The main minerals found are quartz, illite, kaolinite and gibbsite; accessory constituents are vermiculite, goethite, anatase, hematite and sepiolite. Quartz is the dominant mineral in the margin samples, while in the middle lake samples it can also appear as a minor constituent. Its distribution depends upon the tributaries that cut quartzitic levels and upon the lake's hydrodynamics, which promoted its accumulation on the margins. Gibbsite is also a major constituent in most of the analysed points and in the whole sample, as well as in the clay fraction, on the margins and in the middle of the lake. It is derived from the lateritic soil erosion. Kaolinite is the dominant mineral in the clay fraction, indicating an important contribution from shales and soil, transported by the tributaries, or the reworking of margins and bottom materials. Illite is major constituent mainly in the fine fraction from the middle of the lake, while in the margins it can be a minor or lacking constituent. It results from the reworking of the margins and bottom materials, or is transported by streams that cut the shales.


The energy of a metallic crystal is expressed as a sum of volume, surface, and curvature terms. The fully self-consistent solution of a simplified problem shows that, in the absence of shell-structure effects, this expression can be accurate even for atomic-scale properties. Thus the liquid-drop model, originally developed for finite systems (nuclei), may actually be more appropriate for infinite ones (metals). First applications are made to the face dependence of the surface energy and to monovacancy-formation and cohesive energies. Predictions of the model may be tested by experiment or by fully self-consistent Kohn-Sham calculations.


Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a female predominant disease in which progressive vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction result in right ventricular failure and death. Most PAH patients utilize multiple therapies. In contrast, the majority of preclinical therapeutic studies are performed in male rats with a single novel drug often markedly reversing disease in the model. We sought to differentiate single drug therapy from combination therapy in female rats with severe disease. One week after left pneumonectomy, we induced PH in young female Sprague-Dawley rats with an injection of monocrotaline 45 mg/kg. Female rats were then randomized to receive combination therapy (ambrisentan plus tadalafil), ambrisentan monotherapy, tadalafil monotherapy, or vehicle. We measured right ventricular (RV) size and function on two serial echocardiograms during the development of disease. We measured RV systolic pressure invasively at day 28 after monocrotaline before analyzing the vascular volume with micro CT of the right middle lobe. RVSP was significantly lower in female rats treated with combination therapy, and combination therapy resulted in increased small vessel volume density measured by microCT compared to untreated rats. Combination treated rats had the smallest right ventricular end diastolic diameter on echocardiogram as compared to the other groups. In summary, we report a female model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) which can distinguish between one and two drug therapies; this model may facilitate better preclinical drug testing for novel compounds. .


A study on the effect of four lopping intensities (0, 30, 60 and 90 %) was made on three years old Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. It was observed that the reduction in leaf area led to a corresponding decline in transpiration rate after lopping. Consequently, there was an increase in water potential upto 48 days. The raised water potential enhanced water use efficiency particularly during first 30 days. Lopping at 30 and 60 percent intensities led to 62 and 57% more leaf area on the lopped plants than the unlopped ones. Regrowth in Alnus glutinosa was found to be related to a combination of higher net assimilation rate during first 30 days, recovery of larger leaf area, delayed leaf senescence and use of current and root stored carbohydrates (particularly at 60 and 90% lopping intensities) for leaf growth. Unlike defoliation, a greater percentage of 14 C-photosynthate were translocated to the roots than to the shoot of the lopped plants within 24 hours after commencement of lopping treatment but the established course of translocation of photosynthate identical to defoliation commenced at 50 days after lopping. At this stage, a greater percentage of 14 C-photosynthate was translocated for the growth of shoot and less to the roots of the lopped plants, when a branch at bottom part of the main stem was fed 14 CO 2 . The plants lopped at 30 percent intensity produced total biomass equivalent to the unlopped plants due to relatively quick resumption of total leaf area than those plants lopped at 60 and 90 percent intensities. Lopping treatments adversely affected dry matter accumulation in the nodules.


We developed iD (integrated, image disk) which is offered as a very suitable application format for digital still cameras. It has a high capacity of 730 MB, while being the world's smallest rewritable optical disk of 50 mm diameter.


The objective of this paper is to provide the statistician with a method for the challenging task of deciding whether a given data set might have been invented in a fraudulent way or appearing authentic. This is done not by examining the numbers themselves, but surprisingly, rather by investigating the digital language utilized in writing those numbers! What letters are to words, digits are to numbers. The technique relies on Benford's Law, a statistical law referring to the consistent and predictable relative proportions of digits occurring in typical real-life data, stating that low digits are much more frequent than high digits. The law is immensely useful as a tool to detect fraud, especially tax fraud, since cheaters inventing fake data mistakenly write them with all digits having about the same proportion due to the erroneous intuition that all digits come with equal chances. By comparing theoretical Benford digit distribution to the actual digit distribution within the accounting data provided by companies, the statistician can easily discover fraud relating to fake and invented data. These digital forensic tests are now standard procedures in most of the Tax Revenue Departments of governments worldwide, as well as in large accounting and auditing companies.


SD-Link is a collaborative communication technology that safely and securely connects applications on computers located behind separate firewalls. Unlike Application Server Providers (ASP) or Virtual Private Networks (VPN), SD-Link connections are more se- cure, require less setup, and involve no changes to existing firewall security. Biography: Corey Westrick is a Software Engineer for Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) in Dayton, Ohio. He performs software and systems engineering activities for the Air Force Research Laboratory in the areas of automated test and evaluation, and collaborative sys- tems. Mr. Westrick holds both a B.S. and M.S. in Computer Science from Wright State Uni- versity in Dayton, Ohio, USA. Abstract: CCOAA is a capability that supports Course-of-Action (COA) developers in creating COAs to achieve the desired effect. Through collaborative techniques, CCOAA supports co-developers of multiple propose-blue and expected-red COAs. CCOAA then executes war gamming simulations to compute the expected results of the blue-red COA conflict scenarios. The COAs, simulation execution, and results are graphically displays providing decision makers with visual rendering of the possible consequences of the plans. Abstract: Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), a leading systems, solutions and technical services company, offers a broad range of expertise in defense modernization efforts, intelligence, homeland security, logistics and product support, health and life sci- ences, space and earth sciences and global commercial services.


Hehuang where "Youngster" came down is an area of various religions and folk customs."Youngster" is closely related with divine ritual,i.e.Youngsters there took part in divine rituals and represented a kind of plain genital worship.


Objective:To study the trending changes of minipig parotid salivary flow rate,blood routine examination and serum chemistry after irradiation (IR) damage to parotid gland.Methods:Ten minipigs were divided into 2 groups.Unilaterial,single dose irradiation (15Gy) was delivered via a liner accelerator to one side of parotid glands of eight minipigs,blank control to two minipigs.Saliva collections were done in pro IR,IR+4weeks,IR+8weeks,IR+16weeks.Blood was drawn at the same timepoints.Results:At 8 weeks post IR,decreased parotid saliva flow rates was found in the irradiated side,there was significant difference between the flow rates of 16weeks post IR and pro IR (P0 05).At post IR,WBC count decreased.There was significant difference of WBC count between at 8weeks,16weeks post IR and pro IR.Compared with pro IR,LDH of serum significantly decreased after irradiation.Conclusion:At 16weeks post IR,saliva flow rate significantly decreased in irradiated parotid gland (15Gy).Compared with pro IR,at post IR WBC count and LDH and AMY of serum significantly changed.


Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a relatively new generation of electrochemical devices suitable for large-scale energy storage applications. The separation between the electrolyte storage tanks and the electrochemical cell in RFBs simplifies the battery scale-up and facilitates the energy/power ratio tuning. Among the different types of RFBs investigated, those based on zinc and cerium are very attractive due to the large negative and positive electrode potentials in an aqueous media. Thus, zinc-cerium RFBs are capable of providing one of the highest cell voltages (~ 2.4 V) among flow [1]. To date, Zn-Ce RFBs have primarily been investigated galvanostatically to determine their charge, voltage and energy efficiencies and attempts have been made to suppress the rate of the hydrogen evolution side reaction [2,3]. In order to further optimize the performance of these batteries and to elucidate the future pathways to enhance their efficiency, the sources of voltage loss in the battery during discharge must be identified and the role of the positive and negative half-cells in the voltage loss determined. Toward this goal, we have conducted in situ polarization and EIS experiments on a full-cell Zn-Ce RFB with reference electrodes inserted in the system. At low and intermediate current densities, the main contributor to the voltage loss during discharge is the kinetic overpotential of the negative Zn/Zn2+ half-cell. On the other hand, at high current densities, mass transfer limitations at the positive Ce3+/Ce4+ half-cell cause a large potential drop in the system. From in situ kinetic studies, we have measured an exchange current density of ~ 7.4*10−3 A cm−2 for Zn oxidation and ~ 24.2*10−3 A cm−2 for Ce4+ reduction, which supports the findings from battery operation that the kinetics of the negative electrode reaction is slow compared to that of the positive electrode at low-to-intermediate current densities. The use of an alternative mixed methanesulfonate-chloride negative electrolyte to reduce the kinetic overpotential of the negative half-cell reaction and the influence of the flow rate on the mass-transfer rate of the positive half-cell reaction have also been investigated and will be discussed in this presentation.


Dear Editor, In our original article—recently published in Clinical Transplantation— we concluded that after orthotopic heart transplantation, the radial motion of right ventricular free wall compensates for the decreased longitudinal shortening to maintain ejection fraction.1 The editorial from IveyMiranda and FarreroTorres questioned whether this finding was true for all heart surgery patients. Certainly, the answer is positive. As we have discussed in our paper, there is extensive corresponding literature, and the phenomenon is very similar in cardiac surgery patients. However, the magnitude and timing of this functional shift may be different in heart transplant recipients. The aim of our study was to confirm the dominance of radial wall motion in right ventricular function in the case of heart transplant patients using a superior, 3D echocardiographic method compared to previous investigations.2 We do agree with the authors of the editorial that another, heart surgery group would have been useful. However, retrospective studies are not necessarily useful to answer every question regarding this functional remodelling. An interesting paper from Raina et al3 reported a direct comparison between heart transplant recipients (n = 54) and patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 23), all with preserved left and also right ventricular global function. In their twodimensional but thorough echocardiographic analysis, they found no difference between the 2 groups regarding the importance of the different right ventricular motion components. Still, if we look at the time elapsed between the operation and the echocardiogram, the difference between the heart transplant (mean 381 days) versus the coronary cohort (mean 70 days) is problematic. We have already commenced a prospective study with regular and frequent followup visits of heart transplant patients using 3D echocardiography. Moreover, the dedicated time points are the same as in the PREPAREMVR (PRediction of Early PostoperAtive Right vEntricular failure in Mitral Valve Replacement/Repair patients) study, where we are aiming to evaluate those preoperative factors that can predict early postoperative right ventricular failure or determine the functional shift seen in right ventricular function after mitral valve replacement/repair (NCT03438825). Beyond 3D echocardiography, the PREPAREMVR study includes right heart catheterization both intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period to correlate directly the results of invasive hemodynamic measurements with the advanced parameters of right ventricular function. We hope that the upcoming results of the aforementioned studies along with the comparison of these 2 cohorts will deepen our understanding of this interesting and clinically relevant topic. It is important to note that the adaptation of the right ventricle to increased afterload would imply a decrease in radial function, which bears prognostic value as well.4 However, radial function is still supernormal after heart transplantation. The selection and even more the results of the "control" population also deserve a comment. Longitudinal shortening was traditionally considered as the main determinant of global right ventricular function in healthy people; however, using the ReVISION method to compare the importance of longitudinal and radial wall motions headtohead, their relative contribution appears to be equal. A study with a larger sample size is required to confirm this, investigating different age groups and potential gender differences. In conclusion, we would like to thank the authors of the editorial for their supportive comments and more importantly, for highlighting the knowledge gap and the need for further research in the field of right ventricular function.


Irradiation of trans-stilbene oxide with naphthalene-1,4-dicarbonitrile as sensitiser in the presence of electron deficient dipolarophiles leads, via a presumed carbonyl ylide, to various dihydro- and tetrahydro-furans. This chemistry is extended, for the first time, to an example with both aryl rings oxygenated, 2,3-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)oxirane, using anthracene-9,10-dicarbonitrile as sensitiser; in contrast to stilbene oxide, in this case direct irradiation, triplet sensitisation, or thermal activation lead to C–O bond cleavage. The bis(p-methoxyphenyl) adducts, of interest in the lignan area, are formed with a lack of stereoselectivity suggestive of diradical intermediates.


In 1 Kings 19:11-13, God revealed himself through a "gentle whisper" rather than his earlier manifestation through "powerful wind," the "earthquake," and "the fire." A shift to the "gentle whisper" needs re-investigation. The problem is the inconsistences in divine revelation in natural phenomena. This chapter is responding to the question on why the natural phenomena which used to depict the presence of God to Moses depicted his absence to Elijah. Secondly, this chapter examines the revelation of Yahweh in a silent wind. A phenomenological approach can guide a better appreciation of God's attributive revelation even in current situations.


In gas turbine technology, the flame stability is inherently greater in conventional diffusion type combustion over a wider range fuel to oxidizer ratio. However, premixed type combustion which has narrow flame stability region, is widely used due to environmental reason. It has been observed in experiments that combustion instability of low frequency (~10㎐) results from the modulation of equivalence ratio at fuel injection hole when a pressure fluctuation propagates upwards along the channel of the burner under an unchoked fuel flow condition. In this study, a commercial program was used to determine how the fuel flow rate changed with respect to the pressure, velocity of the fuel flow and the mass fraction in a choked and an unchoked condition. The calculation focuses on the upstream of the dump plane to know how the forced pressure with the fuel injection conditions affects the modulation of the equivalence ratio. Therefore, it is found that pressure fluctuation leads to oscillation of mass flow rate and then results in equivalence ratio modulation under the unchoked fuel flow condition.


Purpose – This chapter highlights that we do not know why justice climate is related to various unit outcomes and proposes a number of mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach – This chapter draws on the extant literature on justice climate, organizational climate, and a number of theories to link justice climate to unit outcomes. Findings – We have little understanding of the mechanisms linking justice climate to unit outcomes and it is important to consider various mechanisms. Research limitations/implications – The primary limitation of this chapter is that although we present several ideas for future research, we do not provide any new empirical findings. The primary implications have to do with specifying the theoretical mechanisms responsible for the effects of justice climate on unit outcomes. Both authors contributed equally to this chapter. Fairness and Groups Research on Managing Groups and Teams, Volume 13, 331–346 Copyright r 2010 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1534-0856/doi:10.1108/S1534-0856(2010)0000013015


Purpose – SMEs tend to have an intuitive approach when it comes to management, which means that, contrary to bigger companies, they frequently lack sufficient competences and expertise needed to implement the Industry 4.0 concept. The article identifies and analyses case studies of selected state-funded European initiatives (from Poland, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, and Finland), which help SMEs prepare for the implementation of Industry 4.0 through the acquisition of adequate competences and skills. Research method – With the use of the case study method, the author has performed the analysis of selected national public initiatives focused on the development of compe-tences and skills of enterprises needed to implement the Industry 4.0 concept. The initiatives were deeply analysed during the implementation of the Interreg Europe SMARTY project (Smart SMEs for Industry 4.0).Results – Based on the results of the case study analysis performed, the author identifies competences and skills SMEs need to successfully implement Industry 4.0. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The competences and skills identified as part of the case study analysis seem to be required for effective implementation of the Indus-try 4.0 concept in SMEs and they could also serve as recommendations for policy makers as regards the development and organisation of Industry 4.0-related training courses for SMEs.


Experiments were made on rats in which the effects of catecholaminergic neuronal systems of lateral reticular A-1 nuclei were eliminated with 6-OHDA. The latency of pain reactions tested by the hot-plate and tail-flick tests remained unchanged after operation. After auricular electric acupuncture the rats manifested no changes in the above reactions as compared with the initial level, which evidences that A-1 nuclei play an important role in the mechanisms of analgesia under consideration. Stimulation of the small pelvis organs (SSPO) entailed a short-term and significant inhibition of the analgetic effect as regards the control which also points to the involvement of A-1 nuclei into activation of antinociceptive processes. Besides, during SSPO, there was a significant elevation of the response measured by the tail-flick test as compared to the initial level of the pain reaction.


Recently, Raymond Reif and colleagues from the Leibniz Research Center in Dort-mund have published a technical article about two-photon based intravital imaging (Reif et al., 2016). The strength of this article is the outstanding quality of the presented videos, which show organs of living mice, namely liver, kidney and intestine, with a resolution of approximately 200 nm. Key features of the established imaging technique are two-pho-ton lasers with a broad wavelength spectrum, long-distance objectives with high numerical aperture, a sensitive detector and an optimized anesthesia (Reif et al., 2016). Under these conditions the technique can be applied to multiple organs to study transport and elimination of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. A fundamental prerequisite of in-travital imaging is the use of appropriate fluorophore-coupled compounds and fluorescent reporter mice. The authors used this method to image and quantify the flux of fluorescent bile salts and drugs from the sinus-oids of the liver through the Dissé space into hepatocytes and finally into bile canaliculi. In the kidney it was possible to analyze glomer-ular filtration into the Bowman´s capsule followed by transport into the proximal and then to the distal tubules. After bolus injections of fluorescent compounds even the passage time from proximal to distal tubules via the Henle loop could be determined. Finally, the same approach was used to image intestinal crypts and study the transfer of drugs from capillar-ies to lymph vessels. The presented intravital technique has major implications for three fields of research. First, pharmacokinetic modelling can be improved by intravital imaging. PBPK modelling is of high relevance for simulation of compound concentrations in blood or organs (Golubovskaya et al. well as for interspecies extrapolation (Thiel et al., 2015). However, current PBPK models consider individual organs as single compartments (Schug et al., 2013; Mielke et al., 2011). Using intravital microscopy it became clear that sub-compartments of tissues may accumulate specific compounds. Integrating these dynamics into PBPK models may further improve simulations. Second, establishment of in vitro systems represents a cutting-It is important to be aware of similarities but also differences of these cultivated cells to their in vivo counterparts. Two-photon imaging can be used to study compound transport in vitro and in vivo by precisely the same method. Third, spatio-tem


Invest in projects that yield a return greater than the minimum acceptable hurdle rate. Firstly we have to analyze the investment opportunity that we have with us and then we have to analyses the risk that was associated with that security. The investor should evaluate that in which he has to invest the money and then he should see the market value of that security and the growth factor in that particular security because each security has certain growth and with that growth there is risk and return also. In this we cover the risk and return factor while investing the money in Equity. Every company and institutional investors, individual investors and investment consultant should have the appropriate financial leverage i.e. equal mixture of Debt and Equity so that we can minimize the hurdle rate. When we invest the money in Equity we have to analyze the various things that directly affect our investment i.e. risk, return, time horizon and other factors that affect the investment.


An empirical, three-regime, freeway queuing duration model is developed from a database of 161 observations. The explanatory variable is the ratio of the annual average daily traffic volume to hourly capacity (AADT/C). The daily recurring queuing duration, in hours, is estimated to within 0.5 h of the actual at 51% of the 161 observations. The model potentially represents an improvement to the volume-delay function traditionally used in traffic assignment, because the entire peak period, not just the peak hour, is considered. The model may be useful where resources prevent the direct measurement of recurring congestion. The model's form may be considered for application in real-time traffic management. A residuals analysis indicates recommendations for model improvement, including additional explanatory variable, a larger database, careful identification of bottlenecks, circumstantial freeway capacity calculations, consideration for the day-to-day variability of recurring congestion, and nonlinear regression.


In Coddington and Levison [7, p. 119, Thm. 4.1] and Balser [4, p. 18-19, Thm. 5], matrix formulations of Frobenius theory, near a regular singular point, are given using 2× 2 matrix recurrence relations yielding fundamental matrices consisting of two linearly independent solutions together with their quasi-derivatives. In this article we apply a reformulation of these matrix methods to the Bessel equation of nonintegral order. The reformulated approach of this article differs from [7] and [4] by its implementation of a new "vectorization" procedure that yields recurrence relations of an altogether different form: namely, it replaces the implicit 2× 2 matrix recurrence relations of both [7] and [4] by explicit 4× 4 matrix recurrence relations that are implemented by means only of 4×4 matrix products. This new idea of using a vectorization procedure may further enable the development of symbolic manipulator programs for matrix forms of the Frobenius theory.


Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a major public health problem. Inspite of the existence of national programmes for improving maternal and child health in India, maternal mortality and morbidity continue to be high. High quality antenatal care is the most important way to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. Utilization of Ante natal care (ANC) services is poor in the rural areas, causing significant impact on the health of the mother and ultimately leads to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: It was a Community based Cross-sectional study. The study was carried out through oral questionnaire method using pre-designed and pretested performa. All the information was collected, compiled and analysed by applying suitable tests. The data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft word and Excel have been used to generate graphs, tables etc. Results: A total of 403 women were included in the study. Pregnancy registration was done by 88.77% of the women at either government facility or private doctor. Out of total registered women, majority i.e. 54.25% had registered their pregnancy during 2 nd trimester. In response to frequency of antenatal visits, study showed that, 59.18% (216) women had availed three or more than three antenatal visits. It was found that 81.92% (299) had taken complete (2 doses) tetanus immunization. About 47% of women had completed full course of iron and folic acid tablets. It was observed that only 46.03% women had availed complete ANC package. Conclusions: Although Antenatal services in India have been created, strengthened and expanded over the years, their output in terms of utilization particularly in rural area is still limited. The present study has brought out many significant socio cultural barriers like caste, women's literacy, husband's literacy, occupation of women, socio-economic class and parity of women affecting the utilization of services.


PURPOSE: A method for designing insulation level of dc reactor in HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system is provided to reduce time for designing. CONSTITUTION: A circuit with a DC reactor of HVDC transmission system, a three phase transformer, and a lightening arrester(S510). The size of the equivalent reactance of the 3 three transformer is acquired from the circuit(S520). An insulation level of the lightening arrester is calculated from the circuit(S530). An insulation level of both ends of the DC reactor is calculated by the size of the equivalent reactance and the insulation level of the lightening(S540).


The preservation of architectural heritage represents a major asset for economic development in several countries. Nevertheless, its protection remains a complex task due to its high vulnerability, especially in seismic zones. The intervention on the historical buildings requires the creation of a numerical and digital support shared by the different building specialists (architects, conservators, engineers, designers), which can contain all of the data relating to the construction. This will allow to ensure not only a better interchangeability between the different disciplines but also a correct and coherent conception and execution of the interventions. The introduction of 3D digitization tools, particularly the 3D laser scanner, plays a major role during the realization of the architectural survey. Indeed, the use of the architectural modeling software based on Building Information Modeling and Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline allows first of all to move from the point cloud to an accurate 3D numerical model exploitable for various types of analysis, such as structural analysis, building archeology analysis, and thermal analysis. We propose through this article an unprecedented application of the 3D laser scanner on an example of vernacular architecture, constituting a truly unique type of "Medina." The object of the study is an aggregate composed of five houses, falling inside the Kasbah of Algiers, which since 1992 has been classified as "universal heritage" by UNESCO. The architectural survey is followed by a demonstration of numerical modelling based on 10 grades of generation using two categories of software founded mainly on Building Information Modeling and Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline. Two kinds of numerical models are obtained: a first architectural model will be exploited during the building archaeology principally based on the 3D scanning results and a second structural model that will be used for structural analysis through a Finite Element Analysis software.


By converting a fixed network into a mobile system, personal communications technology radically transformed the way we interact with each other and with the environment. Recently, new generation mobile phones (known as smartphones) increased the capacity of the network nodes and added new properties to mobility, converting a once ordered system into a complex and perhaps adaptive network. In this paper, we argue that contemporary mobile phone networks are large-scale complex adaptive systems—with niches, hierarchy, recirculation of information, coevolutionary interactions, and sophisticated collective behavior—that display remarkable similarities with eusocial insects (ants, bees, wasps and termites). Under this framework, we will discuss the impact of personal communications networks in the urban life, without losing sight of the effects—either positive or negative—of the system's emergent patterns on the network itself and on the individual nodes (personal devices and users).


Objective
To investigate the status and influencing factors of the methods used by nurses verifying the nasogastric tube placement blinded inserted in adult, and to explore the best practice of nursing staff to verify the nasogastric tube placement.

Methods
We designed the questionnaire and conducted survey to the clinical nursing staff in accordance with the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses practice alert.

Results
Air bolus auscultation (70.53%, 675/957) and aspirate appearance(68.97%, 660/957) were the most used method during insertion procedure. There was insufficient in the cognition of X-ray as the gold standard and the use in clinical.The department, work years, specialist nursesand hospitallevel impact X-ray use (all P <0.05) .Age, education,title,hospital level, specialist nurses and department impact the cognition of X-ray as the gold standard (all P <0.05) .

Conclusions
Nurses still use the traditional methods to verify the nasogastric tube placement. There is a certain gap between clinical practice and AACN practice alert in themethods used to verify nasogastric tube placement.As the gold standard to verify gastric tube placement, the use and cognition of X-ray are impacted by many factors, including the department, specialist nurses, hospital level, et al. Therefore, hospital should establish a knowledge sharing platform, which will help to spread the advantages and disadvantages of various methods used in verifying the nasogastric tube placement, and then to strengthen the cognition with different people. Furthermore, based on potential influencing factors, it is necessary to further explore new bedside effective method of verifying the nasogastric tube placement and seek the best practice to validate the method of blind intubation of nasogastric tube.

Key words:
Nurses; Nasogastric tube; Intubation


for the wrong reasons, "to relieve boredom by initiating a fl irtation or to seek a husband. . . . By opening the war to romance, the marraine scheme undermined its true purpose" (88). Darrow's study is an important accompaniment to the literary texts discussed above, for she shows how women's historical presence can be erased as a result of cultural and social forces. Hence if, as these various accounts and critical studies make clear, the trench-fi ghter's story is far from the only narrative that emerged from World War I, we need to continue to recover women's narratives even as we question what made them marginal in the fi rst place.


In order to extract a wave power efficiently in a reciprocating flow, a new version of an impulse air turbine with a self-pitch-controlled guide vane is developed. The basic data of the turbine are obtained by a model testing of a turbine rotor with fixed guide vanes under steady and sinusoidal flow conditions. A series of experiments has been executed to clarify the effects of the rotor pitch to chord ratio, guide vane geometry, rotor geometry, and guide vane configuration on the performance. The results are compared with that of a Well turbine. It is clarified that the impulse turbine with self-pitch-controlled guide vanes is superior to a Wells turbine in efficiency and starting characteristics. Furthermore, a suitable choice of design factors is suggested.


Introduction - design for disaster plans of a demagogue the road to war a new Wehrmacht "Anschluss" of Austria nightmare at Munich and next came Poland... Hitler starts his war the phony war Norway a stroll on the Champs-Elysees the battle of Britain striking south prelude to disaster the drums of Africa America enters Russian winter Stalingrad the rise of Rommel defeat in the desert thunder in the West cracks in the columns cross-channel attack summer of despair thunder from the East defense in the East the West Wall breached the Eastern debacle the Ardennes the last offensive the end nears the last act.


NATO aircraft fired several tons of armor-piercing weapons made from depleted uranium at Serb military targets in Kosovo in 1999. To assess the danger, if any, of the resulting radiation to soldiers and local people, the United Nations Environment Programme dispatched teams of researchers to Kosovo in November 2000. At a radioecology conference last week in Monaco (see main text), one of those teams presented results that should calm the nerves of peacekeepers and Kosovars.


This paper applies a recently developed sea clutter Doppler simulation model to five sets of data selected from the CSIR 2007 sea clutter database. Each dataset is characterised using the parameters required for the new simulation model. These parameters are then compared between datasets, before the model is then used to generate spectra for each dataset. The effectiveness of the model is discussed and evaluated through comparing the statistics of the simulated data to the real data. It is shown that the fit is suitable for modelling of clutter characteristics that can then be used to understand likely detection performance in a radar. A linear relationship is also shown between two of the parameters used, which shows that it might be possible to reduce these to a single independent parameter.


Abstract : Following a survey of rates of convergence in extreme value theory, a new class of approximations is developed and compared with existing approximations based on the extreme value distributions. Convergence in Hellinger distance is established, this distance measure being chosen because of its statistical applications. Numerical examples confirm the superiority of the new approximation. Keywords: Extreme value theory, Generalised extreme value distribution, Generlised Pareto distribution, Hellinger distance, Rates of convergence, Regular variation with reminder, Total variation distance.


This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity and profitability on stock prices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2015-2018 period. This research uses quantitative methods. The type of data in this study is secondary data. The research population is food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2015-2018 period using the purposive sampling method. Where the samples used were 8 companies from 26 companies so that the total data processed was 32 samples.     This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program. The results of research on CR and ROE on Stock Prices obtained a t value of 2.681 indicating that the correlation or relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is sufficient and (t test) of 2.681 indicates that The stock price is influenced by 26.8% by CR and ROE while the f test is obtained at 3,913 showing that the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable is sufficient and (f test) of 3,913 shows that the share price is influenced by 39.1%, the rest is influenced by other factors not researched like ROI. The t test results show that partially CR and ROE have a significant effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, the results of the F test show that CR and ROE simultaneously have a significant effect on share prices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2015-2018 period.


In a drilling process, the power spectrum of the drilling force is related to the tool wear and is widely applied in the monitoring of tool wear. But the feature extraction and identification of the power spectrum have always been an unresolved difficult problem. This paper solves it through decomposition of the power spectrum in multilayers using wavelet transform and extraction of the low frequency decomposition coefficient us the envelope information of the power spectrum. Intelligent identification of the tool wear status is achieved in the drilling process through fusing the wavelet decomposition coefficient of the power spectrum by using a BP ( Back Propagation) neural network. The experimental results show that the features of the power spectrum can be extracted efficiently through this method, and the trained neural networks show high identification precision and the ability of extension.


The U.S. obesity epidemic and the increasing incidence of obesity among psychiatric patients taking some types of antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing


In this theoretical paper, we interpret and predict the optical properties of nanodiamond (ND) particles containing different luminescence centres. Specifically, we modelled nitrogen, nickel and chromium embedded into the ND crystal lattice. In the case of nitrogen centres containing ND particles, we also studied the effect of various surface terminations (hydrogen and/or oxygen). The main parameters influencing the NDs' optical properties were expressed: structure, lowest lying excitation energy, charge distribution, density of states, components of the main orbitals involved in the excitation processes and interatomic interactions properties. Our specific aim is to describe particularly the connection between the physical/chemical properties of ND point perturbations and the optical properties of the whole system.


Abstract The action of thionyl chloride on γ -ketoacids was revisited. The reaction does not yield the corresponding γ-ketoacyl chlorides as reported earlier, but instead efficiently produces γ -chlorobutyrolactones. The chemical properties of this function are summarily explored, along with some characteristic spectroscopic data.


Art market or souvenir market can not be separated from the existence of Bali island, unlike a tourist destination. The development of modern souvenir market was very disturbing traders in the traditional souvenir market. Due to it was feared will turn off the traditional art market. In this regard, to ensure the factors that need to be optimized in order to increase tourist visits to traditional Art Market was very important to conduct research. Based on the background and the problem, this research has a purpose to analyze the influence of art market attribute, promotion and service quality to market image and purchasing decision with research location at Guwang Art Market. The present research was designed as a descriptive and analytic approach. It defined that was descriptive facts, followed by analysis of the significance of empirical facts found. The descriptions were included the facts of market attributes, promotion, service quality, and market image in purchasing decisions. The population in the study were tourists who visit Guwang Art Market. Data collection was conducted with questionnaires distributed to travelers visiting the Guwang Art Market in April-July 2015. Data analysis used Structural Equation Model.


reversal of this mitochondrial remodeling, identifying individual species of mitochondrial lipids which are altered in livers from obese mice but normalized following pioglitazone treatment. Functionally, we show that


The syntheses of several derivatives of 3,4- bis(benzylidene)cyclobutene are reported. Previously unknown 1,2-dibromo-3,4-bis(benzylidene)cyclobutene was obtained through in situ generation of 1,6-diphenyl-3,4-dibromo-1,2,4,5- tetraene followed by electrocyclic ring closure. Ensuing reduction and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling provided additional derivatives. The effects of ring strain on the geometry and electronics of these derivatives were examined by X-Ray crystallography and 1 H NMR, respectively.


The subject of this diploma thesis deals with the recording of human body movements through a monitoring system and the analysis of its dynamic behavior. The aim is to present the results graphically by creating an augmented reality application for imaging the behavior of the human body on skeletal and muscular level.


There exists a wide chasm between the requirements of the end user industries and the offerings from the chemical industry. The needs of these industries over the years have changed significantly. The widening gap needs to be narrowed down for the benefit of overall growth of the economy. At a panel discussion on 'Expectations of key end user industries' organized by Frost & Sullivan, some of the major user industries including pharmaceutical, textiles, agrochemical, deliberated on the clear and present crises faced by them and the possible solutions to them. Lovina Kinny does a reality check.


The invention relates to an azobenzene-contained microcapsule-type liquid crystal and application thereof in light-controlled liquid-crystal falsification-resistant ink. According to the invention, the microcapsule-type liquid crystal uses azobenzene-contained liquid-crystal unit as a core material and polyurea as a wall material, wherein the core material and the wall material are connected together through polysiloxane; and the light-controlled liquid-crystal falsification-resistant ink is composed of the following substances by weight: 20 to 25 parts of the above-mentioned azobenzene-contained microcapsule-type liquid crystal, 25 to 30 parts of a polyurethane binder, 25 to 28 parts of isopropanol, 26 to 38 propyl, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of a dispersant and 0.8 to 1.2 parts of polyethylene wax. The light-controlled liquid-crystal falsification-resistant ink prepared by using the azobenzene-contained microcapsule-type liquid crystal as a raw material in the invention has good storage stability; and the printing products of the ink have significant metachromatism under the irradiation of 330 to 380 nm of ultraviolet light, so identification is easy and use is convenient.


In the South, turfgrass-sod has been a profitable alternative to row crops for many years. With depressed housing markets and higher crop prices, the current economic competitiveness of turfgrass-sod depends critically on the ability to harvest the crop as soon as it matures, and on input and output prices.


Disclosed a filter generation method and parameterized device audio signal for the filtering of the input audio signal realized at low calculation amount. A least one step of receiving a BRIR filter coefficients for the binaural filtering of the input audio signal; the BRIR step for converting the filter coefficients into a plurality of sub-band filter coefficients; the extracted from the subband filter coefficients reverberation the length of the BRIR filter coefficients in time domain; obtaining at least one coefficient for the curve fitting of the average reverberation time information the resultant; mean reverberation time obtaining information step of said sub-band using time information the and the resulting filter order information; but step obtaining flag information already indicating whether exceeds the set value; the obtained filter order information for determining the cut length of the sub-band filter coefficient step the sub-band filter coefficients using Providing parameterized device using the filter generation method and its audio signal, characterized in that it comprises a; step of cutting.


ABSTRACT Teetered Bed Separators (TBS) perform under the effect of numerous operational parameters of importance such as teeter water flowrate (TW) and the pressure set point (SP), which directly influence the performance figures in terms of cut size (D50), cut density (ρ50), and efficiency (Ep). Adjustment flexibility of TBS enables it an important tool to be used in mineral and coal processing and classification applications. The aim of this study is to investigate density-based separation and size classification performance of TBS when an industrial high-ash lignite sample was processed. Results showed that separation performance was better at higher SP values, and increasing TW was providing better separation performances especially at higher ρ50 values. At low SP values, TW was observed to play a critical role in separation performance. Separation performances (Ep) with the size fractions of +2000 µm, +1000 µm, +500 µm, and +200 µm were obtained as 0.08, 0.12, 0.14, and 0.16, respectively. On the other hand, classification performance is observed to be better at low SP values and could also be manipulated by TW.


in a specific area. Students must obtain the consent of the faculty member for the project and agree on the number of credits prior to registration. The Independent Study must include per credit reading and writing components at least commensurate with a law school seminar. Independent Study may not be used to fulfill the seminar graduation requirement. Two (2) credits is the maximum credits that can be earned per term. Students may not use more than four (4) Independent Study credits toward graduation.


One of the stranger examples of thought about the evolution of language is provided by the work of Georg Schwidetzky (Figure 1 below), active primarily during the 1930s in Germany. His views and writing are essentially forgotten today,2 and indeed were largely ignored at the time apart from the modest success of Schwidetzky 1932a in Britain and a reaction from the German scientific authorities discussed below. Section 1 traces Schwidetzky's career and his attempts to break into the scientific circles of the Third Reich, and section 2 discusses the attempts he made at a reconstruction of human language from non-human primate origins. Section 3 deals with the career of Schwidetzky's daughter Ilse, and section 4 concludes with a discussion of some relations between themes in Schwidetzky's career and issues in current thinking about language and its evolution.


This chapter contains sections titled: Native American Relational Epistemologies, Children's Books: Text Analysis, Concrete Problems with Distance as a Proxy for Cultural Models, Is a Human-Centered Biology Hardwired?, Expertise, Cultural Models Matter, Modes of Construal and Priming, Summary of Induction Studies, Just a Word about Practical Implications, Summary


The German Group of IABSE took great pleasure in welcoming world's structural engineers and their accompanying persons to Weimar. The Symposium was organised by the German Group of IABSE and the BauhausUniversität Weimar under the Patronage of the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs. It was the first time that the German Group hosted an IABSE Symposium in the united Germany. Previous Symposia had been in held in Germany in 1975 in Munich and in 1977 in Dresden.


In this paper, a miniaturized fully inkjet-printed flexible multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for ultrawideband (UWB) application is proposed, occupying a compact size of  $22\times 31\times 0.125$  mm3. In the proposed antenna, two half-planar radiators are introduced to minimize the antenna size. Moreover, a modified T-shaped stub is employed on the ground plane to improve the impedance performance. In addition, a slot is etched on this modified T-shaped ground stub to further enhance the isolation. By doing so, the proposed antenna can operate from 2.9 to more than 12 GHz with the mutual coupling less than −15 dB. Furthermore, to address the out-of-band characteristic drawback that existed in most of the previous UWB antenna, a parallel coupled band-pass filter with stepped impedance transformation and defected ground structure is incorporated in the feedline of the antenna to achieve sharp rejection at the edges of the UWB band. The measurements indicate that the proposed filter-antenna can cover from 3.43 to 10.1 GHz, with the envelope correlation coefficient below 0.3 and the channel capacity loss below 0.4 bit/s/Hz, which ensures its good MIMO performance.


This storytelling begins with a positioning of why and how we use testimonio as part of a larger project of social justice and transformative pedagogies. In this collective testimonio, 5 working-class Latina scholars tell the stories of their struggles to overcome the challenges of language and assimilation, of gender discrimination and racism, of the violence of patriarchy, and of the experience of being treated as an "alien" in one's own country.


Trichlorfon (TRF) is a pesticide widely used in aquaculture to control fish ectoparasites. This pesticide is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for termination of nerve impulses. High rates of TRF use generate risks to the environment and human health. In the environment, pesticides can affect the local fauna and generate an ecological breakdown. There are several studies performed with fish production; however, gaps are created for native fish with other commercial values. The tuvira (Gymnotus carapo) is a fish native to Brazilian fauna and has great commercial importance in sport fishing. The present study aimed to determine the lethal concentration of trichlorfon (Masoten) in Gymnotus carapo and its sublethal effects on the enzyme AChE. In this study, the acute toxicity (the concentrations to kill 50% of the fish LC50) of TRF in tuviras (Gymnotus carapo) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in liver and muscle tissue of tuviras submitted to sublethal concentrations were evaluated. For the acute assay, concentrations of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 and 45 mg L-1 were used for a period of 96 h. After the acute exposure period, a LC50 of 6.38 mg L-1 was determined. In the sublethal assay, concentrations of 0.0, 0.238, 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1 were used, based on 10% of the LC50, over a period of 14 days. Two collections were performed: one at seven days and the other at the end (day 14). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the liver was only shown (p < 0.05) for the treatment with 0.638 mg L-1 after 14 days of exposure. At seven days, muscle activity showed a significant difference only for the treatments 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1, compared with the treatment 0.238 mg L-1 and control. At 14 days of exposure, only the treatment 0.638 mg L-1 showed significant differences in relation to the other groups, thus showing that enzyme recovery had occurred. The value found in the acute test allowed the conclusion that TRF presents moderately toxic characteristics to Gymnotus carapo. The toxicity parameter values calculated in the present study assisted in estimation of maximum allowable limits in bodies of water when combined with test data from other non-target organisms.


In this article, we present two case studies of data enhancement. One example is taken from 3-D seismic surveys acquired in Mumbai High field of Western Offshore Basin having normal fault within carbonate sediments and other from conventional 3-D seismic data of Thrust Fold Belt area of Tripura with setup of reverse faults in clastic sediments. Both cases illustrate the need for careful interpretation of seismic data, particularly when attention needs to be given to continuity of seismic events for imaging the reservoir without going for time consuming and expensive data acquisition and reprocessing of the data.


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Many animals make a living as actors. Some harmless animals will mimic toxic animals, in order to make potential predators think twice before attacking. On the other end of the spectrum, some predators will mimic harmless animals or objects, and use this ruse to sneak up on their


Objective To establish a method for determinating paeoniflorin in jiangchi gel by HPLC. Methods The chromatographic conditions were as follows: CLC-ODS column(5 μm,150 mm×60 mm)used as the stationary phase,and methanol-water(45:55) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detecting wavelength 230 nm. Results A good linearity was obtained within the range of 0.08~0.80 μg·mL-1 of paeoniflorin(r=0.999 6).The average recovery rate of paeoniflorin was 100.61%(n=6,RSD=0.89%). Conclusion This method is simple,rapid and accurate which can be used to determine paeoniflorin contents in jiangchi gel.


A massive bibliography of works on physiological optics allows an approximate reconstruction of literature production in this science between 1840 and 1894. It shows how relative levels of productivity varied in over seventy constituent problem areas and challenges us to explain the shifting foci of research activity in terms of what is known about the institutional and theoretical development of the field. This paper describes the growth of the science and offers such an interpretation, arguing that physiological optics passed from a `pre-paradigm' to a `paradigm' stage between 1850 and 1870. The elements of the paradigmatic formulation affected literature production in various problem areas differently, depending on the nature of the consensus they imposed, and the formulation did not prevent chronic disagreements on important theoretical questions from re-emerging.


Розглянуто методологічні підходи до трансформації історичного урбанізованого
середовища з метою узагальнення теоретичних знань та практичного досвіду про
гармонійний містобудівний простір поселень з давньою історією. Здійснено
систематизацію наукових джерел за принципами усебічного висвітлення способів
співіснування різночасових компонентів міського оточення; проведено огляд факторів,
які впливають на гармонізацію урбанізованого середовища; проаналізовано наукові
праці, у яких розглядалися питання інтеграції історичної архітектури у сучасну тканину
міста та вперше узагальнено практичний досвід зарубіжних країн щодо шляхів
адаптації об'єктів архітектурних пам'яток до сучасних соціокультурних потреб. We have considered the methodological approaches to the transformation of the historic urban
environment in order to generalize the theoretical knowledge and practical experience of harmonious urban space settlements with a long history. The cultural heritage of past eras creates a kind of information broadcasting channel influencing people that is enhanced or diminished depending on a number of qualitative characteristics of urban space. Thus, the problem of urban transformation is to emphasize the identity of the urban landscape while maintaining stylistic and proportional balance etc. The main difficulty is that there is no a single recipe as to how to make the historic urban landscape harmonious, functional and aesthetic at the same time to give a positive psychoemotional impression on people. The article describes the systematization of scientific sources on the principles of a comprehensive coverage of the ways of coexistence of different time components in urban environment; the list of factors affecting the harmonization of urban environment; the analysis of scientific works on the integration of historic architecture in a modern city; originally generalized experience of foreign countries in adapting architectural heritage to modern social and cultural needs. We have works dealing with theoretical problems of urban aesthetics and ways to improve it; carried out development of methodological foundations and practical approaches to solving problems of urban environment transformation, monuments reconstruction in the historic urban space; the works in which the understanding of the cultural heritage protection was expanded. Another focus of the study was to analyze
the research papers on the issue of adapting historical heritage to modern conditions and coexistence of different time components in historic areas of cities, preservation of religious buildings and structures as well as the means of providing them with a "new" life. We have shown a number of successful, in our opinion, projects for incorporation of historical heritage centres in contemporary urban space: Church of St. Francesc convent in Santpedor, Art Museum in Malmo, Center of community life in Gonzaga, Mill City Museum, "St. Paraskeva" church in Nessebar etc.
As a result of theoretical research analysis and practical experience on how to integrate different
time architecture into modern urban space, the author found that approaches to integration of different time architecture in the urban environment greatly depend on the degree of preservation of historical heritage centres. Therefore, the comprehensive approach made it possible to specify the ways to revivify the valuable historical heritage centres in the urban environment, which differ both in the degree of modifications to be made and in their perceptual characteristics. The analysis of the aforementioned theoretical research and practical experience on how to integrate the different time architecture into the modern urban space also allowed to formulate the following: 1) different as to preservation level sites shall be integrated into urban environment in different ways: restoration with possible change of functional profile shall be used for maximum preservation; reconstruction with or without any change in functional profile as well as modernization with new construction elements shall be used for half-ruined sites; conservation of the existing conditions and/or arrangement of new social and cultural space integrating the remains of the sites into the newly created architectural form shall be used for ruins; 2) the domestic architectural theory and practice need new modern methods relating to resolving the issues of coexistence of different time architectural developments and transformation of the historic environment depending on its individual characteristics.


PURPOSE: An applicator and a packaging and applicator device including such an applicator are provided to apply a cosmetic product to one's eyelashes or eyebrows. CONSTITUTION: The applicator comprises: a supporting body(15) of a plastic material; and an applicator element including strands split so as to become distant from at least two sub-strands, the applicator element being at least one bristle strand(20) held by the supporting body, and defining a first row(50) of the bristle extending from a first end of the strand in the longitudinal direction of the supporting body, and second and third rows(30,40) of the bristle at least partially extending from the first end to the outside of the supporting body.


The Ricci Institute at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim has for many years been involved in the study of the Chinese Rites Controversy. This commitment dates back to the early 1980s when Fr. Edward Malatesta, S.J., founding director of the Ricci Institute, had returned from his initiation to Chinese studies in Taiwan to his old mentor, Fr. Francis Rouleau, S.J. A former China-missionary and historian of the Jesuit mission in China, Fr. Rouleau projected a scholarly study of the Chinese Rites issue in conjunction with the Ricci Institute. Now, over the last four years and at the invitation of the Ricci Institute, a team of scholars has been involved in our renewed effort to continue this task.


summary In unilateral total knee replacement (TKR), perioperative blood loss, low transfusion thresholds and short hospital stay result in patients being discharged with low haemoglobin (Hb). We assessed the effects of perioperative administration of intravenous iron, with or without erythropoietin, plus a restrictive transfusion threshold (Hb < 80 g L−1) both on transfusion rate and recovery from post‐operative anaemia.


We demonstrate low-threshold lasing at telecommunications wavelengths from high quality circular semiconductor nanoresonators employing radial Bragg reflector single-mode emission and mode switching are observed at room temperature under optical pumping.


This article examines the lexical and botanical elements of the catalog of plants, flowers and vegetables of Espejo de paciencia by Silvestre de Balboa. The description of the flora follows a model tradition that seeks to renew the description of the ideal landscape from the genre of classical bucolic eclogue, transformed by the Renaissance eclogue. Among the most significant changes appear the use of indigenous lexicons and cumulative descriptions, which by their reiteration, seek to insist on the abundance and richness of Cuban nature.


Carbon based thin films, such as amorphous carbon (a-C) and amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (a-C:H) are considered as excellent candidates for biomedical applications. Protein adsorption is an important aspect for the improvement of many applications, such as medical implants, biosensor design, etc. The density, orientation, and conformation of surface-bound proteins are believed to be key factors in controlling subsequent cellular adhesion. Aim of this work is the study of the pH effect on fibrinogen adsorption on a haemocompatible a-C:H thin film developed by rf reactive magnetron sputtering. For this purpose, Vis–UV Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) has been used. It is a non destructive, surface sensitive technique, with the capability of performing real-time measurements in air as well as in liquid environment, with great potential in biomedical studies. An appropriate ellipsometric model has been developed, in order to describe accurately the protein adsorption mechanisms in real-time. SE results reveal the differences in the rate of fibrinogen thickness increase and transition rate of fibrinogen from liquid to adsorbed state. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Continuous Integration (CI) requires efficient regression testing to ensure software quality without significantly delaying its CI builds. This warrants the need for techniques to reduce regression testing time, such as Test Case Prioritization (TCP) techniques that prioritize the execution of test cases to detect faults as early as possible. Many recent TCP studies employ various Machine Learning (ML) techniques to deal with the dynamic and complex nature of CI. However, most of them use a limited number of features for training ML models and evaluate the models on subjects for which the application of TCP makes little practical sense, due to their small regression testing time and low number of failed builds. In this work, we first define, at a conceptual level, a data model that captures data sources and their relations in a typical CI environment. Second, based on this data model, we define a comprehensive set of features that covers all features previously used by related studies. Third, we develop methods and tools to collect the defined features for 25 open-source software systems with enough failed builds and whose regression testing takes at least five minutes. Fourth, relying on the collected dataset containing a comprehensive feature set, we answer four research questions concerning data collection time, the effectiveness of ML-based TCP, the impact of the features on effectiveness, the decay of ML-based TCP models over time, and the trade-off between data collection time and the effectiveness of ML-based TCP techniques.


Along with the research and development of marine fish,it is aware that the marine fish has higher nutritional value,such as polyunsaturated fatty acids.Therefore,people prefer to eat marine fish than before.At present there are many preservation methods of marine fish,such as low-temperature,biochemical,high-pressure,modified atmosphere,irradiation and ozone preservation.All of them have been introduced in the review.In addition,the direction for future research was proposed for marine fish storage and the basis for development of preservation technology provided.


In order to catalyze the research community around OpenSciEd, Digital Promise, with support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, has developed the OpenSciEd Research Agenda. Early on, we determined that three broad relationships between OpenSciEd and a research community could be fruitful. OpenSciEd enabled research encompasses questions in science education and beyond that can be best answered using OpenSciEd. OpenSciEd inspired research aims to drive innovations based on OpenSciEd's distinctive features and affordances. OpenSciEd partnership research would address questions of mutual interest to researchers and OpenSciEd developers. This paper details the processes utilized to frame the research agenda, recruit stakeholders and engage them in activities to generate research questions, and identify emergent themes for future OpenSciEd research.


ABSTRACT Anionic and cationic surfactants have formed the subject of numerous physicochemical investigations, but few studies have been devoted to amphoteric amphiphilic agents. In a series of investigations on new synthetic routes to novel surfactants, we devised a simple method for the preparation of N-alkylbetaines with different chain lengths: In addition, we investigated the adsorption of these compounds onto wool fibers in aqueous media. The effects of pH, temperature and chain length on the adsorption isotherms were investigated. A relationship between the behavior of the surfactant at the solid/liquid interface and its behavior in solution was detected. Maximum adsorption was observed for values close to the critical micellar concentration.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies indicate that N-ratio has significant superiority in minimizing 'stage migration' for patients with >15 lymph nodes retrieved. Whether the result is applicable to patients with < or =15 lymph nodes retrieved is still in question.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Overall survival rates of 2159 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical resection were compared between patients with different number and level of lymph nodes retrieved according to pN [International Union Against Cancer (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer)/AJCC N stage], n (JGCA N stage) and rN (N-ratio) staging system.

RESULTS
Patient number was significantly different between insufficient and sufficient number or level retrieved group in pN and n system, respectively, but not in rN system, while overall survival rates were not significantly different between those groups. The 5-year survival rates of patients with insufficient nodes retrieved were significantly lower than those with sufficient nodes retrieved in pN and n system, but not in rN system. The hazard risk for patients with insufficient nodes retrieved was significantly higher than that for patients with sufficient nodes retrieved in pN and n system, but not in rN system.

CONCLUSION
The rN stage has more potential advantages in minimizing stage migration phenomenon for patients with insufficient number or level of lymph nodes retrieved.


Accurate quantification of safety is essential for the design of autonomous systems. In this paper, we present a methodology to characterize the exact probabilities associated with invariance and recovery in safe control. We consider a stochastic control system where control barrier functions, gradient-based methods, and barrier certificates are used to constrain control actions and validate safety. We derive the probability distributions of the minimum and maximum barrier function values during any time interval and the first entry and exit times to and from any super level sets of the barrier function. These distributions are characterized by deterministic convection-diffusion equations, and the approach used is generalizable to other safe control methods based on barrier functions. These distributions can be used to characterize various quantities associated with invariance and recovery, such as the safety margin, the probability of entering and recovering from safe and unsafe regions, and the mean and tail distributions of failure and recovery times.


The feasibility of generating whistlers by means of an array of helical electron and proton beams is investigated. It is found that quasi-static beam-plasma instabilities will play a vital role in limiting the effective coherent length of the beam. The total radiated power for the whistlers is consequently decreased by 2 orders of magnitude below previously predicted levels (Dowden, 1973). A proton beam is shown to be somewhat less efficient than an electron beam for generating whistlers. (AIP)


The emission characteristics of secondary charged particles produced in 400 GeV proton-emulsion interactions were compared with those obtained at other energies. The results revealed that the angular distribution of grey particles does not depend on the nature and energy of the projectile. The dependence of the average multiplicity of the grey, black, shower, and heavily ionizing tracks on the mass of the target nucleus (A) and the nature and energy of the projectiles are also examined. The ratio of the valance quarks in pions (n-) and protons (p) was found to be almost equal to the ratio of the grey particles produced in .rr--A and p-A collisions at the same energy. The values of the normalized moments of the multiplicity distributions of charged shower particles in different N,, intervals were found to be nearly the same. However, this value increased with increasing values of the moment index, K. Finally, the values of the normalized and central moments were almost equal for both p-p and p-A interactions.


Building and construction activities consume more raw materials by weight than any other industry sector – about 50% of all the materials extracted from the Earth's crust annually are transformed into building and construction materials and components (Koroneos and Dompros, 2005). Extraction, manufacturing and transportation effects represent a contribution that each building material or component makes to the overall environmental burden of a building. Once a building is occupied, it is the constituent materials which determine contributions to the outdoor environmental effects listed in Table 1B and to indoor environmental quality. At the end of service life (EOSL) a building material may be disposed of at a landfill, leading to wastage of materials and embodied energy and contribution to toxic loading in the environment. A fundamental objective of sustainable construction is to use resource 1 efficiency strategies and ecological principles to sharply reduce and even reverse these environmentally harmful effects of building materials use.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the of hydromat action in bone healing in dogs undergoing modified TTA (TTAm) by means of radiographic evaluation. We used 10 dogs of medium or large (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758), male or female, diagnosed with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (CCLR). After the diagnosis, the animals underwent to TTAm. The dogs were divided into two experimental groups with five animals in each group: Group C (control): animals not treated with physiotherapy (hydrotherapy) and Group T (treated): animals treated with physiotherapy (hydrotherapy). For the evaluation of bone healing was evaluated radiographically in the immediate postoperative period, with 30, 60 and 90 days post-operatively by checking the positioning of implant, presence of periosteal reaction, images suggestive of rejection, infection, bone density ( DO) and the rate of mineralization (IM). We could visualize the radiographic pattern of bone healing in both groups. In assessing the IM was not significant difference between treated or not with physiotherapy (P> 0.05). Dogs treated with physiotherapy (hydrotherapy) for 15 days, compared with untreated animals had functional use of the limb and early range of motion greater. It was concluded that the use of hydrotherapy as an auxiliary method in the treatment of dogs undergoing modified TTA does not promote significant difference in bone healing compared with dogs not treated with physiotherapy.


The equations of motion for point vortices are well known to preserve certain discrete symmetries of the initial state. The case of a center of symmetry is considered in detail here, since this particular instance seems to have been overlooked in the classical literature. This symmetry provides a generalization of the early studies by Grobli and Greenhill wherein several axes of symmetry are present, a case which leads to an effective one‐body problem. The center of symmetry yields an effective two‐body problem which is Hamiltonian and integrable. As an example the ''double alternate ring'' configurations, circular analogs of the vortex street introduced by Havelock, are considered. A fully nonlinear mode wherein these double rings asymptotically dissolve into freely moving vortex pairs is found analytically. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance of such modes to our understanding of the disintegration of vortex streets in two‐dimensional flow.


Since the 1960s-1970s, the implementation of Computer-Assisted Language Learning concept has contributed to the progress made on Foreign Language Learning (FLL) in numerous ways. It has enabled the teachers and language learners to enrich the language learning process with improved interactivity with certain learning materials and gave rise to several opportunities for the development of applications in further implementation of the concept. At the present time, it is possible to witness a wide range of software and hardware developed for CALL that are able to present innovative and creative means for CALL which are, to some extent, proven successful in engaging foreign language learners with greater effectiveness. This research has been prepared in efforts of gaining a proper insight on utilization of the technological means and opportunities in CALL, and with aims to comprise an idea regarding the effects of the mentioned technologies which are and were used on CALL.