Low frequency electrical measurements were made in laboratory sand columns contaminated with different phases of hydrocarbon and undergoing biodegradation. The objectives of the study were to 1) investigate the effect of microbial processes on the low frequency electrical properties and 2) determine if the phase of hydrocarbon (dissolved or residual) contamination showed measurable differences in the electrical properties of the sediments during biodegradation. The experimental sand columns were constructed with the following treatments: uncontaminated (control) column with nutrients (25% Bushnell Hass medium); column with nutrients + dissolved phase of diesel + bacteria; and column with nutrients + residual phase of diesel + bacteria. Electrical measurements were made in the frequency range of 0.1 to 1000 Hz biweekly for the first twenty weeks and monthly for the duration of the experiments (36 weeks). The diesel contaminated columns showed a steady increase in microbial population numbers and a concurrent decrease in nitrate, sulfate, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) concentrations compared to the control column. These results indicate microbial mineralization of the diesel in the contaminated columns. Furthermore, the contaminated columns showed temporal increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and decrease in pH concomitant with increase in the fluid conductivity and calcium ion concentration relative to the control column. Such changes suggest microbial enhanced mineral weathering possibly by carbonic acid that resulted in higher fluid conductivity in the contaminated columns. The contaminated columns also showed temporal increase in the real and imaginary conductivity relative to the control column. The electrical data showed a higher relative increase in the surface conductivity component in the contaminated columns compared to the control column. Finally, we observed that the magnitude of the changes for all measured biogeochemical and electrical parameters was greater (10-30%) in the sand column contaminated with residual phase of diesel compared to the column contaminated with dissolved phase diesel. The results are consistent with models that suggest that residual hydrocarbons trapped in the pore sediments are more freely available for degradation by bacteria than in the dissolved phase. This resulted in the relatively higher rate of biodegradation and accompanying biogeochemical alterations reflected in the electrical measurements. We infer from these results of this study that microbial processes can impact electrical properties and the accompanying physicochemical alterations at the mineral-fluid interface are readily detectable using low frequency electrical measurements. Introduction Typically, in fresh hydrocarbon spills the hydrocarbon will displace water and air from the pore space of sediments. Since hydrocarbons have high resistivity (∼10 ohm.m) compared to water, a concurrent increase in the apparent resistivity should be observed for the hydrocarbon contaminated sediments (e.g., Lien and Enfield, 1998). Field measurements have shown that hydrocarbon impacted sites may develop regions of higher bulk conductivity compared to uncontaminated locations. To explain this observation, Sauck (2000) proposed a model linking the higher bulk conductivity to increased total dissolved solids due to reaction of hydrocarbon degraded products (organic and carbonic acids) with minerals in the aquifer. Several recent studies support the above model (e.g., Abdel Aal et al., 2003; Atekwana et al., 2003; Shevnin, 2003; Werkema et al., 2003). Hydrocarbon contaminated sites are inherently complex systems. Partitioning of hydrocarbon into different phases (residual, free, and dissolved) and the physical, chemical, and biological transformation of the hydrocarbon may lead to variable bulk electrical response for contaminated sediments. Vertical electrical resistivity profiles in hydrocarbon contaminated aquifers show relatively higher bulk conductivity in the region above the water table where hydrocarbon is in free and residual saturation compared to the region below the water table where hydrocarbon is mostly in the dissolved phase (e.g., Werkema et al., 2003). On the basis of these results, Werkema et al. (2003) concluded that the residual and free product contaminated zone was the most biologically active and most biogeochemically altered compared to the saturated zone. Recent induced polarization (IP) studies (Abdel Aal et al., 2003) in the same aquifer showed relatively higher IP magnitude within the zone contaminated with residual/free phase compared to the saturated zone contaminated with dissolved phase hydrocarbon complementing observations in the Werkema et al (2003) study. Despite growing interest in IP applications to environmental problems (e.g., Borner et al., 1996; Vanhala, 1997; Slater and Lesmes, 2002a), particularly in the detection of organic contamination (e.g., Olhoeft, 1992; Vanhala et al., 1992; Borner et al., 1993, Ruhlow, et al., 1999), the role of microbiological activity in altering the physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbon contaminated sediments and the potential impact on their electrical properties has not been recognized. Moreover, there is no adequate geophysical model that accounts for the temporal-spatial variations of the biophysicochemical properties of the subsurface contaminated sediments. However, the sensitivity of the IP method to the surface chemical properties of rocks and soils (Lesmes and Frye, 2001) makes IP a potential method for understanding the effect of bio-physicochemical changes on electrical properties due to microbial activity. In this study, we investigated the electrical properties of unconsolidated sediments contaminated with hydrocarbon and undergoing biodegradation using low frequency electrical measurements. The objectives of the study were 1) to investigate the effect of microbial processes on the low frequency electrical properties and 2) to determine if the phase of hydrocarbon (dissolved or residual) contamination showed measurable differences in the electrical properties of the sediments during biodegradation. Our first objective was designed to document the effect of hydrocarbon degradation on the low frequency electrical measurements. Our second objective was designed to determine if the phase of hydrocarbon contamination has an impact on the magnitude of the measured conductivity as observed in field settings. The results of this study provide some insight on how microbial processes impact the geoelectrical properties of hydrocarbon contaminated sediments undergoing biodegradation in natural settings. Electrical Model There are two pathways for electric charge transfer within a porous medium, electrolytic (volumetric) conduction occurring through fluids in interconnected pore spaces and surface (interface) conduction occurring within an ionic double layer at the grain-fluid interface. A simple model for the low frequency electrical properties of earth materials is obtained by adding electrolytic and surface conduction pathways in parallel (e.g. Vinegar and Waxman, 1984; Borner et al., 1996; Lesmes and Frye, 2001, Slater and Lesmes, 2002b). At low frequencies (i.e., less than 1000 Hz), where IP phenomena are


This is Part 2 of an introductory tutorial series on Term Vector Theory as used in Information Retrieval and Data Mining. The Binary (BNRY) and Term Count (FREQ) models are discussed.


ators financed by a $461,244 grant from the Police Foundation, a nonprofit law enforcement research group. The key finding to emerge so far is that in matched areas of Kansas City with no regular patrol cars, one patrol car, and four or five patrol cars, there were virtually no changes in levels of reported crime during the one-year test period.... &dquo;The experiment-the first of its kind that we know about-proves that preventive patrol of marked cars has a minimal impact on crime,&dquo; said James Newman, the assistant chief of the Kansas City Police Department.


Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic relapsing conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Nationwide studies have revealed a higher risk of hematological malignancies (HMs) but not colorectal cancer in IBD patients. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a premalignant condition defined by the presence of an acquired somatic mutation characterized by a variant allele frequency (VAF) of ≥2% in a gene frequently associated with HMs. A growing body of evidence suggests a correlation between inflammation and CH.


A simple accurate perturbation analysis is presented to calculate the attenuation of guided modes in metal-clad or weakly absorptive multilayer waveguides. The imaginary part of the complexmodal index that defines the attenuation is obtained from simple algebraic calculations once the real solution corresponding to a real eigenvalue equation is obtained. The results are in agreement with those obtained by an exact complex analysis.


Teachers are the fundament of educational development.The unbalanced allocation of teachers affects the development of education enterprise undoubtedly.Consequently,solving the problem of unbalanced allocation of teachers becomes the key to realize the balanced development of compulsory education.Currently,teachers at the stage of compulsory education in urban and rural areas are unbalanced seriously in numerical distribution and structure configuration.There are many reasons for this unbalanced development,including historical reasons,economic reasons and education system's reasons.The paper proposes countermeasures from three aspects by a thorough analysis of situation and reasons.


The aim was to study the Endoparasites of wild rabbits in East-Azerbaijan Province, north-west Iran, and its impacts on human health and animal production. From May 2010 to Sep 2010 the visceral samples of 60 wild rabbits at necropsy, selected from districts of East Azerbaijan Province, were removed, and examined for Endoparasites infestation. To identify the species of helminths, the nematodes were cleared in lactophenol (Wet-mount) and protozoans were stained using Giemsa and Trichrome staining. According to Results of present study 46.67% of rabbits infected toendoparasites were distinguished and these endoparasites was consist of Nematodirus leporis, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis,Passalurus ambigus, Cysticercus pisiformis, Eimeria magna and Eimeria steidae were distinguished. Of course in infected rabbits maximum and minimum infestation rate was belonging to Nematodirus leporis (13.33%), Eimeria magna and Eimeria steidae (3.33%) respectively


Classical Roman Law sources contain information about the ship managed by the servus peculiaris. Although there are many jurists' opinions about conducting seaborne business by the servus peculiaris , there are none regarding the obtaining of the ship. How the ship was transferred to the slave? Was the maritime business the whole peculium or just a part of it? Servus peculiaris was acting as the exercitor navis , this means that rules regarding the appointment of the captain ( preapositio ) cannot be applied. What rules should apply to the ship if it was administered as the peculium ? The aim of this paper is to provide the answers to those questions. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:Standardowy;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:10.0pt;
 font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}


In telecommuniaction area, bandwidth and capacity are the most important thing when amount of data transmitted or stored. If the efficiency of bandwidth and capacity getting higher so digital image compression developed. It minimize the number of image bit by representating image data which contain of information in accordance with the data before it compressed. The objective of the comparison of compression algorithm is to know the performance of each algorithm toward digital image. To know the result of compression process, it is done through the compression ratio calculation, the size of compression result, the speed of compression process and decompression and PSNR value. Based on all the testing result, the compression system using Huffman coding has a better according to the result of compression and the size of compression result file, while from the speed side, the compression and decompression process are Shannon-Fano algorithm is better from Huffman's algorithm. Universitas Sumatera Utara


A zero thickness model of uniform spatially dispersive metasurfaces was proposed and demonstrated in [1] and [2]. That method works due to the ability to treat uniform metasurfaces as linear space-invariant structures (LSI). Recently, in [3], this method was extended to non-uniform metasurfaces, with great success, by assuming the non-uniform surfaces can be treated as a locally LSI system. This paper provides a theoretical explanation with illustrative examples to support the validity of the local LSI assumption for an arbitrary average field around the surface


Silicon photonics tunable passband optical filters with flat-top feature, large out-of-band rejection in excess of 40 dB, ultra-fast roll-off up to 1,000 dB/nm, and unprecedented passband-to-stopband ratio for high-index-contrast technology have been fabricated and characterized. The integrated filters are based on high-order distributedfeedback resonators implemented with cascaded phase-shifted Bragg gratings in silicon strip waveguides. Local micro-heaters are used for finely controlling the phases of the individual cavities of the coupled resonators and for providing additional tuning mechanism. Two different coupled-cavity resonators with passband widths of 25 GHz and 2 GHz, realized with 6thand 5thorder filter designs, respectively, are exemplarily reported.


The invention discloses a bullet resistant material with a composite structure and a preparation method of the bullet resistant material. The bullet resistant material is characterized by comprising five layers of materials, namely an avalanche resisting layer made of a polycarbonate or fiber composite material, a ceramic layer made of a board or grain ceramic element, a collision layer made of a TC4 titanium alloy or fiber composite material, an energy absorption rebounding layer made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber weftless fabric or foamed aluminum and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber weftless fabric and a resisting layer made of a TC4 titanium alloy or fiber composite material from outside to inside in sequence, wherein various layers are bonded by bonders; and the surface density is 60-90kg/m . The bullet resistant material with the composite structure has the advantages of low volume weight, high bullet resistant performance and capability of resisting multiple bullets and can be used as a protection material of armor-piercing incendiary with small and medium-size calibers of 7.62mm and over 7.62mm or can be used as a ship deck or a shield.


In independent Poland, the foundations for a new area of law, that is, labour law were laid, abandoning the previously crucial principle of freedom of contract underlying the contractual relationship between an employee and the employer. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic of Poland issued an ordinance on labour contracts, defining mutual obligations of employees and their employers under an employment contract based on which the employee undertook to perform work for the employer against remuneration. The legislator permitted the conclusion of employment contracts in writing, orally or in any other customary form accepted in a given workplace. In exchange for the work performed, the employer was obliged to pay appropriate contractual remuneration, as specified in the employment agreement.
Importantly, this ordinance contained a number of protective regulations that were designed to protect the worker and make his position towards the employer more equal. They included regulations concerning remuneration protection or the employer's obligation to specify work rules. Most importantly, however, the ordinance protected the worker from immediate and unjustified dismissal.


Abstract A new technique of laser cladding by a one step process, using paste bound hardfacing alloys, is presented. This process offers the possibility of exact positioning of the hardfacing alloy relative to the laser beam and thus close control of melting conditions. The possibility of prealloying the added hardfacing material with further elements (metals or metalloids) or with hard particles (e.g. carbides) is a further potential advantage. The process is introduced and examples of carbide/hard alloy claddings are given. Results of wear tests on Co–Cr–W–B–Si and Co–Ni–Cr–W–B–Si hardfacings produced by this method are reported. Compared with plasma sprayed hardfacings of the same composition, the laser clad paste bound materials produce coatings with improved wear resistance, provided dilution is kept low.


In the Madagascar highlands, increasing demand for rice combined with increasing land pressure in the lowlands led to the development of upland rice. To tackle the sustainability problem of upland crop production systems, Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement (CIRAD, an international governmental organization) and TAFA (an NGO) have developed direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC), which not only decrease soil erosion but also increase soil fertility. To understand the mechanisms underlying the performance of upland rice DMC, an experiment was set up in 2003. The yield components of upland rice were studied under high-altitudinal conditions during six rainy seasons from 2003/04 to 2008/09. Treatments compared were two soil management techniques: conventional tillage with removal of most of the crop residues, associated with plowing ('plowing'); and a no-till system with direct seeding under mulch made of crop residues ('no-till'). The rice yields obtained were often better from plowing than from notill, except in the last season. This difference was due to blast disease, which was significantly lower in no-till with low fertilization (best percentage of full grains and better weight of grain). The differences in yields obtained between no-till and plowing were mainly explained by problems of crop installation. The plant densities and plant growth were lower in no-till. This was particularly linked to slower root development in notill. Overall, the biomass production of rotations of rice seemed too low in the highland conditions (low temperature) for the no-till system to be successful in the early years (low soil protection and slower restructuring of the soil).


A technique is described that motivates students to complete assigned readings of journal articles. The technique requires students to write a summary and critique of each article on an 8 × 5 in. index card. Students completing the readings receive two types of tangible benefits: extra course credit and use of their notecards during subsequent tests. Objective assessment of the technique in two classes indicated that students turned in notecards for 73.7% of the readings, and only one student failed to submit any notecards. Students responded positively to the technique on an end-of-term survey.


Bullying is a social phenomenon that often occurs in society, especially in adolescents. There are many biological, psychological, and social changes that can cause conflict problems between themselves and the surrounding environment. This causes the emergence of victims of bullying which causes anxiety in the teenager. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy in reducing anxiety levels in adolescent victims of bullying. The research method used quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test control group design approach. The sampling technique with a total sampling of 44 respondents and divided into 2, namely the experimental group and the control group. The results of the study using the Paired Sample T-test showed that p = 0.000 (p <0.05) means that expressive writing therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in adolescent victims of bullying. This can be seen from the decrease in anxiety scores in adolescent victims of bullying from 50.0% to 41.0% severe anxiety, which is mild anxiety after expressive writing therapy intervention. Therefore, it is suggested that expressive writing therapy can be used as one of the ways to overcome the anxiety of teenagers who are victims of bullying both on campus and at home.


This paper develops a new control approach for minimizing the torque ripple in four phase switched reluctance motor using Neural Network based direct torque control technique. The Direct torque Control technique is familiar for its comparable performance and simple control structure. The optimal selection of the voltage space vector is the major drawback in classical DTC method. To overcome drawback Neural Network controller is proposed along with flux and sector to choose appropriate voltage vectors from lookup table. This approach improves torque and speed response in terms of reduced torque ripple and faster settling time over a wide speed range both in static and dynamic condition. The drive is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are observed and tabulated. The results reveals that the torque ripple is in range of 4.5% to 5.6% for wider range of speed and the load torque which is comparable better compared to Classical direct torque control technique.


A 53-year-old man complained of constipation and abdominal pain including the right flank area for three days. He had suffered multiple rib and clavicular fractures on the right side 10 years earlier. Colonoscopy was performed to assess the constipation, which showed a twisted constricted lumen in the sigmoid colon or descending colon. Passing through it, the saccular dilated bowel wall demonstrated edematous, erythematous changes in the mucosa with a purplish color and necrosis. The proximal part of the saccular lumen also showed a twisted stricture with necrotic materials. The abdominal CT showed subsegmental atelectasis in the right lung, right pleural effusion and a diaphragmatic hernia of the colon. In addition, multiple dilated bowel loops were observed in the abdomen. The patient underwent emergency surgery with a segmental resection of the sigmoid colon. We report this case of delayed traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia of the sigmoid colon with strangulation, which is extremely rare and was revealed by colonoscopy. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;34:227-232)


Deep fake stands for a face swapping algorithm where the source and target can be an image or a video. Researchers have investigated sophisticated generative adversarial networks (GAN), autoencoders, and other approaches to establish precise and robust algorithms for face swapping. However the achieved results are far from perfect in terms of human and visual evaluation. In this study, we propose a new one-shot pipeline for image-to-image and image-to-video face swap solutions - GHOST (Generative High-fidelity One Shot Transfer). We take the FaceShifter (image-to-image) architecture as a baseline approach and propose several major architecture improvements which include a new eye-based loss function, face mask smooth algorithm, a new face swap pipeline for image-to-video face transfer, a new stabilization technique to decrease face jittering on adjacent frames and a super-resolution stage. In the experimental stage, we show that our solution outperforms SoTA face swap architectures in terms of ID retrieval (+1.5% improvement), shape (the second best value) and eye gaze preserving (+1% improvement) metrics. We also established an ablation study for our solution to estimate the contribution of pipeline stages to the overall accuracy, which showed that the eye loss leads to 2% improvement in the ID retrieval and 45% improvement in the eye gaze preserving.


Precision agriculture is a hot field of the current international agricultural research and application,and the direction of agriculture scientific and technological revolution.The concept,technology system,research and application situation at home and abroad are introduced.The countermeasures of the development of application of precision agriculture in China are put forward.


We examine the ratio of CEO to employee pay (the pay ratio) for a broad sample of U.S. commercial banks. For the vast majority of the sample, pay ratios are substantially lower than the levels popularized in the financial press. Pay ratios are increasing in firm size, performance and leverage, and decreasing in firm risk. We document a significant convex (concave) relation between the pay ratio and future firm risk (operating performance), but the economic magnitude of these effects is relatively small. The results also reveal a nonlinear relation between pay ratios and shareholder votes on "say on pay" proposals such that dissent is higher in the tails of the pay ratio distribution. All results are robust to controlling for CEO pay, indicating that required disclosures of executive compensation are not a substitute for pay ratios. JEL classification: D33; G21; G32; G38; J33; K22


Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are critical energy storage systems that power our smart phones, laptop computers, electric vehicles, smart grids and even our homes. They also play a role in decreasing the necessity for load shedding by alleviating the pressure on the national grid. The CSIR is developing the next-generation lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors using some of the country's abundant mineral resources.


Neem is the common name given to the different species of large, evergreen, glabrous shady trees, grown in semi-arid regions of the world. In Pakistan and India the common neem tree, also popularly known as Margosa is Azadirachata indica A. Juss. Neem products isolated from the neem tree were nimbinin, nimbin and nimbidin. Siddiqui (1942) was the first scientist to isolate and purify the neem constituents of its extract. In the present study, effects of Cypermethrin and two crude ethanolic neem extract RB-a and RB-b on the activity of enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH and cholinesterase) against the 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Based on present study results, it was concluded that the neem extract RB-a and RB-b is a moderately toxic substance that shows the toxic effects and morality at high concentrations. Basically it is an IGR that does not kill the insect directly by its poisoning effect rather kill them by interfering the physiological activities. The research techniques and information are helpful for graduate and research students of Biological Sciences and Environmental toxicology.


The aims of this descriptive study were to explore the satisfaction of Student's Nurses, Populations and Health workers of Teaching and Learning management in Family and Community Nursing Practicum II, Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Napparat Vajira. Sample included 51 Student's Nurses, 191 Populations, and 12 Health workers in practical training Chacherngsao and Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province. The instrument had three set for Student's Nurses, Populations, and Health workers. The content validity of  the developed questionnaire was verified by three experts and were tested for reliability using the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient were 0.97, 0.91 and 0.96 respectively. The data were collected  in  May 2012 and were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The result showed that overall of satisfaction in 3 groups in high level. Most of all Student's nurses had satisfied of Teaching and Learning management in Family and Community Nursing Practicum II other then Populations and Health workers. (x = 4.38; SD= 0.55, x = 4.34; SD= 0.43, x = 3.97; SD= 0.49) respectively. Suggested from this research.Student's Nurses suggested College to should be increased instructor per student ratio according to Thailand's Nursing Council.From Populations suggested Student's Nurses have Humanized Health Care ,and Health worker suggested College should be coordinated to practical training  to prepare and assist in the training accordingly.


This is a rare glimpse into North Korean propaganda - in parades, posters, murals, theater, and films. No nation stages massive parades and collective performances better than North Korea. Amid a series of intense political/economic crises and international conflicts, North Korea has continued to sponsor unflinching displays of patriotism, glorifying its leaders and revolutionary history through state rituals that can involve hundreds of thousands of performers. ""Illusive Utopia"" explores how state-sponsored propaganda performances - including public spectacles, theater, film, and other visual media including posters - shape everyday practice in a country where the performing arts are not only a means of entertainment but also a forceful institution used to regulate, educate, and mobilize people. ""Illusive Utopia"" examines sixty years of propaganda performances and how they have intersected with everyday practices such as education, the mobilization of labor, the gendering of social interactions, the organization of national space, tourism, and transnational human rights. It is the first English-language study of visual culture and performing arts as they relate to the formation of North Korean national identity.


The tolerogenic phenotype of human dendritic cells is characterized by high cell surface expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3. ILT3 signals both intracellularly inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-κB and MAPK p38 activity, transcription of certain co-stimulatory molecules, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and extracellularly into the T cells with which the dendritic cells interact. Both ILT3high tolerogenic dendritic cells and soluble ILT3 induce CD4 Th anergy and differentiation of antigen specific CD8 T suppressor cells. Recombinant ILT3-Fc protein has important immunotherapeutic potential acting directly on activated T cells and promoting the induction of immunological tolerance.


Objective: To provide morphologic evidence for the lymphadenectomy of the ovarian malignant tumor. Methods: The fifteen rabbit ovaries were injected by the aqueous solution of the inknitric acid silver or Evans blue.Results: The lymph of the ovary drains into the pelvic lymph nodesas well as the lumbar lymph nodes. Conclusion: In the lymphadenectomy of the ovary cancer, we should clear away not only lumbar lymph nodes but also the pelvic lymph nodes.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper to investigate the effectiveness of selected search features in the major English and Chinese search engines and compare the search engines' retrieval effectiveness.Design/approach/methodology – The search engines Google, Google China, and Baidu were selected for this study. Common search features such as title search, basic search, exact phrase search, PDF search, and URL search, were identified and used. Search results from using the five features in the search engines were collected and compared. One‐way ANOVA and regression analysis were used to compare the retrieval effectiveness of the search engines.Findings – It was found that Google achieved the best retrieval performance with all five search features among the three search engines. Moreover Google achieved the best webpage ranking performance.Practical implications – The findings of this study improve the understanding of English and Chinese search engines and the differences between them in terms of search fe...


Objective: To study the gender-specific difference of hypertension prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors in a Belarus urban population. Design and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3399 individuals living in a district of Vitebsk in January 2007. Two representative groups were formed: the first is consisting of 1884 men and the other is 1545 women. The survey included standard questionnaires for detection of cardiovascular risk factors, measurements of blood pressure, electrocardiography, C-reactively protein and cholesterol data. Results: Studied groups were similar of mean age. No change was noted in prevalence of hypertension between men and women (40.3% vs. 38.6%; P > 0.05). Low physical activity (P < 0.001) and higher level of education (P < 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in women than in men (36.9% vs. 20.2% and 37.6% vs. 24.9% respectively). Smoking (P < 0.001) and alcohol abuse (P < 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in men than in women (80.6% vs. 13.6% and 32.7% vs. 6.9% respectively). In studied groups were no differences such as family history of premature cardiovascular disease, body mass index, heart rate, C-reactively protein and cholesterol data. The exposures of hypertension risk factors were determined in the logistic regression analysis. The only significant results (P < 0.05) were included in the final model. The hypertension was positively associated with age (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), family history of premature cardiovascular disease (P < 0.001), heart rate (P < 0.001), alcohol abuse (P < 0.01), low physical activity (P < 0.001), C-reactively protein (P < 0.001), smoking (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and negatively - high level of education (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The high prevalence of hypertension is noted as men and women in a Belarus urban population. The hypertension prevalence was independently associated with following risk factors: age, level of education, family history of premature cardiovascular disease, body mass index, heart rate, alcohol abuse, low physical activity, C-reactively protein, smoking and total cholesterol.


The FDA has approved a new treatment for preventing osteoporotic fractures. Denosumab (Prolia) is a receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand inhibitor that suppresses bone turnover, thereby lowering incidence of vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (JW Womens Health Aug 11 2009). Administered every 6 months as a …


The removal of NO3 from synthetic water has been studied using two different nanofiltration (NF) membranes(GE Osmonics DK and, GE Osmonic DL). Nitrate removal efficiencies of two different nanofiltration membranes investigated by means of a lab-scale membrane module in synthetic nitrate solutions that have different concentration. The impact of principle working parameters, for example, NO3 concentration, pH, and pressure and permeate flux of both membranes, was examined. The outcomes demonstrated that the dismissal of NO3 and the flux rate for all membranes (DK and DL) expanded directly with the trans-membrane pressure and diminished with the NO3 concentration. Nitrate rejection rate for the DL membrane was between approximately 23% and 30% . Under the same pressure (6 bar), the DK membrane generated a higher nitrate rejection rate (42%-55%) than the DL membrane. And also, rejection levels for 12 bar pressure achieved by DK have been in range of 63-69%, while DL gives the lowest rejection in the range of 29-30%. The wide range change of the pH from 4 to 11 of the feed did not alter nitrate rejection very much for DK and DL membranes. Nitrate rejection for DL and DK membranes decreases by increasing feed concentrations and filtration time.


The phase shift in interferometry due to the space-time curvature is computed in nonrelativistic and relativistic physics. This treatment is applied to an interferometer analogous to the perfect crystal interferometer used in the Colella-Overhauser-Werner experiment with thermal neutrons, an interferometer consisting of only horizontal mirrors, suitable for ultracold neutrons, and optical interferometry. Experiments are proposed to detect the effect of the tidal forces of the Earth, Moon, and the Sun, for the first time in interferometry. The phase shift in neutron interferometry due to terrestrial objects is considered and an experiment is proposed with superfluid helium as the source of gravity. This would provide, for the first time, direct evidence concerning the gravitational interaction between two quantum-mechanical states. The possibility of detecting purely general-relativistic effects due to curvature, by means of neutron interferometry, is also explored.


ABSTRACT The residence times of the components of two- and three-component mixtures of fine (195 µm), coarse (1315 µm) and very coarse (5040 µm) sands were measured in a pilot-scale cascading rotary dryer. The effects of mixture composition and air velocity (0–5.4 m s−1) were determined. With no air flowing through the drum, the residence times of the individual components were almost the same as that of the overall mixture. Increasing the gas velocity caused a large decrease in residence time. In contrast, particle size had very little effect. The spread of residence times increased with air velocity, peaking between 2 and 4 m s−1; composition had very little effect on the spread. The residence time of the overall mixture could be calculated using the particle transport model of Matchett and Baker if both the modified drag coefficient Φd and the particle Reynolds number Re p were based on the superficial air velocity and the mass-average particle diameter.


Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction: The Networked Leadership 1. Power and the Politburo 2. The Long and Winding Road to the Eighteenth Party Congress 3. The New Emperor: Xi Jinping 4. The Lawyer: Premier Li Keqiang 5. The Stars around the two Suns: The Other Five 6. The Contradictions of Modern China: Ideology and its Role Conclusion Notes Select Bibliography of Chinese Sources Index


The invention relates to a prosthetic foot and a bladder usable in such a prosthesis. This prosthetic foot is characterized in that it comprises, in combination, fastening means (26,28) to facilitate the operative contact of the prosthetic foot with a stump of a wearer, a plurality of 'curves structural members (20,22,24), storing energy, operatively attached to the fixing means (26,28) and / or to each other, and means to bladder (14) adjacent the structural members ( 20,22,24), said means bladder (14) cooperating with the structural members (20,22,24) for determining the energy storage feature of the prosthetic foot.


With only two commonly used constraints, a relatively simple procedure can be used to develop the information most often used for establishing a value for oil or gas properties. This paper reports that this procedure reduces significantly both the data preparation time and the actual calculations. The method can even be used with a hand calculator, if that is ever necessary or required. Or it can be adapted easily for use on a microcomputer.


Noise is a major concern in mechanical systems and poor acoustic facilities. Environmental and health issues of the existing acoustic materials led the researchers to develop comparable sound absorption materials from biomasses. This study utilized Abaca (Musa textilis), Bamboo (Bambusa merrilliana), and Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) that possess properties for sound absorption. The fibers were extracted, pretreated, blended with polyester (carrier fiber) in the proportion of 50:50 (biomass fiber – polyester), carded, and needle-punched. ASTM E1050-12, Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Material, validated the sound absorption coefficients of the Hibla panels specifically in the high frequencies with test results of 0.82 for Water hyacinth – Polyester, 0.59 for Bamboo – Polyester, and 0.58 for Abaca – Polyester at 6300 Hz. Moreover, the sound absorption coefficient of the control variable Fiberglass (0.96) has a close sound absorption coefficient with the Water hyacinth – Polyester (0.82) at 6300 Hz. As a non-woven fabric, Hibla passed the standardized tests of Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Thermal Analysis, Flammability Test, and Breaking Load in Tension Test. With the results given, Hibla is proven to have sound absorption properties, thermal insulation, fire resistance, and high durability.


Fourth-order two-point boundary value problems (BVPs) were solved based on a discretization of cubic and quartic degree of non-polynomial spline general functions. The discretization process began with simple algebraic substitution in order to get the value of all constants and further simplified by replacing certain variables with finite difference method. At the end of this process, the general approximation equations for both degrees of splines were finally developed. To solve the problems iteratively, the single equation of fourth-order problems were first reduced to two separated equations of second-order problems by means of differentiation. Then, the general approximation equations obtained earlier were imposed into these two equations to form two systems of linear equations. After these corresponding linear systems were constructed, Quarter-Sweep Successive-Over Relaxation (QSSOR) method was implemented to solve the two linear systems at varied matrix sizes. In order to assess the performances of this proposed idea, Full-Sweep Successive-Over Relaxation (FSSOR) and Half-Sweep Successive-Over Relaxation (HSSOR) were also conducted. Finally, the performances were presented evidently in terms of iterations number, execution time and maximum absolute error. Based on the performances obtained, the quartic degree of non-polynomial spline was found to be superior compared to the cubic degree when solving the fourth-order two-point BVPs.


Two intermittent high‐intensity exercise protocols were performed before and after the administration of either creatine or a placebo, and performance characteristics and selected physiological responses were studied. Each exercise protocol consisted of 10 6‐s bouts of high‐intensity cycling at 2 exercise intensities (130 rev/min [EX130]: ∼820 W and 140 rev/min [EX140)]: ∼ 880 W) so that in EX130 the same amount of exercise was performed before and after the administration period, whereas an exercise intensity in EX140 was chosen to induce fatigue over the 10 exercise bouts. Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to the 2 experimental groups. A double‐blind design was used in this study. There were no significant changes in the placebo group for any of the measured parameters. Performance towards the end of each exercise bout in EX140 was enhanced following creatine supplementation, as shown by a smaller decline in work output from baseline along the 10 trials. Although more work was performed in EX140, after vs before the administration period, blood lactate accumulation decreased (mean and SEM), from 10.8 (0.5) to 9.1 (0.8) mmol·l−1 and plasma accumulation of hypoxanthine decreased from 21.1 (0.4) to 16.7 (0.8) μmol·l−1, but there was no change in oxygen uptake measured during 3 exercise and recovery periods [3.18 (0–1) vs 3.14 (0.1) l·min−1]. In EX130 blood lactate accumulation decreased, from 7.0 (0.5) to 5.1 (0.5) mmol·l−1, and oxygen uptake was also lower, decreasing from 2.84 (0.1) to 2.78 (0.1) l·min−1. A significant increase in body mass (11 kg: range 0.3 to 2.5 kg) was found in the creatine group. The mechanism responsible for the improved performance with creatine supplementation are postulated to be both a higher initial creatine phosphate content availability and an increased rate of creatine phosphate resynthesis during recovery periods. The lower blood lactate and hypoxanthine accumulation can also be explained by these mechanisms.


Structural models—or dynamic linear models as they are known in the Bayesian literature—have been widely used to model and predict time series using a decomposition in non observable components. Due to the direct interpretation of the parameters, structural models are a powerful and simple methodology to analyze time series in several areas, such as economy, climatology, environmental sciences, among others. The parameters of such models can be estimated either using maximum likelihood or Bayesian procedures, generally implemented using conjugate priors, and there are plenty of works in the literature employing both methods. But are there situations where one of these approaches should be preferred? In this work, instead of conjugate priors for the hyperparameters, the Jeffreys prior is used in the Bayesian approach, along with the uniform prior, and the results are compared to the maximum likelihood method, in an extensive Monte Carlo study. Interval estimation is also evaluated and, to this purpose, bootstrap confidence intervals are introduced in the context of structural models and their performance is compared to the asymptotic and credibility intervals. A real time series of a Brazilian electric company is used as illustration.


This article considers molecular biological to global environment work on inorganic carbon acquisition processes in the algae sensu lato (i.e. including the cyanobacteria). At least 95% of the organic C in photolithotrophic algae has been fixed by RUBISCO, while the remaining 5% or so has involved a range of anaplerotic carboxylases. The catalytic characteristics of RUBISCO show substantial phylogenetic variation; for some algal RUBISCOs (those from cyanobacteria and, possibly, Dinophyta) the kinetics of the carboxylase and oxygenase activity are such that net photosynthetic CO2 fixation could not occur with diffusive CO2 entry from air-equilibrium solution. In many other algae the kinetics of inorganic C assimilation are at variance with in vitro RUBISCO kinetics, and, as in cyanobacteria and Dinophyta, a CO2-concentrating mechanism is hypothesized. In many cases, the operation of such a mechanism can be demonstrated as a higher internal than external CO2 level during photosynthesis. In cases where such ...


Objective: To study the structural differences of Aconitum rhizosphere soil microbial fungal communities in different growing period.Method: PCR-DGGE technology was used to research the structural change of Aconitum rhizosphere soil microbial fungal communities caused by different health status of Aconitum in different habitats.Result: The difference was found in fungal community structure between healthy and sick Aconitum rhizosphere soil,and the antagonistic relationship existed between pathogens and normal strains.Conclusion: Sick plants change the Aconitum rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of fungal communities.The presence of pathogenic fungi inhibits the propagation of normal plant fungal community.The health status of the rhizosphere soil have significant impact on the microbial community structure differences and which will lead to the plant resistance to pathogens and species differences.


Friedrich Nietzsche praises the life-affirming properties of ancient Greek tragedy, and places particular emphasis on music therein. Because it arises out of the artistic drive known as the Dionysiac, music plays an important role in tragedy's ability to forestall nihilism and replace it with an affirmative orientation to life despite instances of senseless pain and suffering. The essay begins by specifying the characteristics of Dionysiac music. These include a prominent role played by dissonance and the intoxication engendered thereby, the ability of music to draw us toward each other, the power of music to draw us away from ourselves, and the capacity of music to challenge us at a most basic level. The essay then considers certain kinds of music that share these characteristics today, including examples drawn from heavy metal and the blues. The argument is that recovery of the tragic disposition is a necessary antidote to the nihilistic tendencies of modernity, and that this recovery must in part be grounded in Dionysiac music.


The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is recognised as being a distinguishing 'landmark' of the new South Africa. It has opened up a space, within and beyond its terrain, for South Africans to face their history. Similarly certain art is becoming recognised as carrying a distinguishing South African post-apartheid 'mark'. This sociopolitical art parallels features and aims of the TRC process and allows art to encompass a function beyond the confines of art-object production into the wider role of negotiating social understanding and personal ethics.


A series of nanocomposite LiFe(1-2x)ZrxPO4/C (x = 0.01,0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06) were prepared by carbon thermal reduction method. With this strategy, the Li3PO4 impurity phase can be obviously reduced in the Zr-doped samples and the electrochemical performance is obviously improved by Zr doping compared with the undoped one. The best electrochemical performances were observed in LiFe(0.92)Zr(0.04)PO4/C as well as good cycle stability.


Method for neuromorphic hardware implementing base on FPGA is researched. The concept of pipeline operator and pipeline model, which can supply a mathematical deduction for realizing the single-core multi-model, is defined. A realization of Morris-Lecar neural model with 12 stages pipeline is accomplished, and the code is embedded into the "Digital Neuromorphic Hardware Platform". Error analysis for the result has been done in this paper.


The healthy messages parents convey to their adolescents about risk behaviors may be related to better adolescent outcomes. Few studies have examined the types of messages or strategies caregivers use to discuss dating violence with their early adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 African American maternal caregivers of early adolescent girls. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and coded using an emergent process. Themes in dating violence conversations focused on the meaning of love, identifying red flags in relationships, and what to do when involved in a problem dating situation. Caregivers used teachable moments (e.g., watching a TV show) to start conversations, weaved dating violence topics into conversations about other sensitive topics, or included their young daughter in conversations with older siblings. The results of this study highlight strategies that can be implemented in family-based prevention programming and also the importance of helping caregivers communicate their values and expectations.


Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks are very attractive because of their high flexibility and throughput. WDM ring networks employing optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) are especially promising because they enable the node configuration to be simplified by utilizing passive optical components and increase the survivability against fiber cuts. Previously we have demonstrated the robustness of a pre-prototype of a WDM ring network under stable laboratory conditions. However, field experiments are necessary because the stability of each network element and component must be confirmed under the adverse conditions of a real environment. In addition, the validity of the restoration function including control scheme of optical amplifiers and the transportation of supervisory information must be also confirmed. In this paper, we report on the survivability of a WDM ring network with experimental restoration functions, as obtained in experiments conducted on one of NTT's regional fiber networks.


Analog dechirp can effectively reduce the sampling frequency of wideband radar receiver and the computation load of the pulse compression. However, the amplitude and phase distortion, the frequency modulated nonlinearity and the distortion introduced by the mixer may reduce the quality of received signal. These problems can be avoided by adopting pulse compression after direct IF (Intermediate frequency) sampling. But the pulse compression based on matched filtering need to fulfill ultra-long points FFT/IFFT in real-time, which caused great difficulties to its application. Combining the benefits of this two methods, a digital dechirp method is proposed in this paper. By theoretical analyzing, the mathematical model is obtained. The data decimation and filter design is also analyzed in detail for its realization. Simulation and analysis based on real data proves the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed strategy.


Formation of Kirkendall voids is demonstrated in the Ge underlayer of reverse step graded Si1−xGex/Ge buffer layers grown on Si(001) using reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition (RP-CVD). This phenomenon is seen when the constant composition Si1−xGex layer is grown at high temperatures and for x ≤ 0.7. The density and size of the spherical voids can be tuned by changing Ge content in the Si1−xGex and other growth parameters.


PURPOSE
We report a case of acute in-stent occlusion during a stent-assisted coil embolization of a communicating artery aneurysm.

CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old man presented with a regrowth of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm one year after the initial coil embolization. An acute in-stent occlusion occurred during coil filling through the stent strut. We performed a successful recanalization of the stent using antithrombotic agents.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute in-stent occlusion is a possible complication of stent-assisted coil embolization of aneurysms, particularly in narrow parent arteries. Our patient was recovered using antithrombotic drugs and did not present any major ischemic symptoms.


Over time, the African continent has been framed by concepts that relate to its development, with some more comprehensive than others. The concepts were initially created outside the continent, primarily in Western institutions and agencies, and sought to describe and understand Africa, but also to legitimize external interventions driven by religious, military, political, economic, exploitative and altruistic motives. The concepts addressed in this book capture four themes that represent central aspects of the West's framing of African development: (i) the concept of the "other", addressing the question of culture and representation in the context of development, (ii) the concept of poverty and how to address it, i.e. the empowerment and livelihood concepts, (iii) concepts addressing displacement and comprising the concept of primitive accumulation, and (iv) concepts relating to food security and food sovereignty that connect to agricultural production-, sustainability-, rightsand power issues. In order to challenge the concepts selected and relating to the framing of African development, we find it necessary to understand their logic and the underlying process of their construction. In brief, to challenge the concepts mentioned above necessarily implies reflecting on the ways in which we in the West have historically developed our narratives in the social, economic, technological and cultural fields. This leads us to a critical analysis of the Western vision of Africa, its development and people.


<jats:p>A generalized fractional derivative (GFD) definition is proposed in this work. For a differentiable function expanded by a Taylor series, we show that <jats:inline-formula>
                     <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1">
                        <msup>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>D</mi>
                           </mrow>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>α</mi>
                           </mrow>
                        </msup>
                        <msup>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>D</mi>
                           </mrow>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>β</mi>
                           </mrow>
                        </msup>
                        <mi>f</mi>
                        <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|">
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>t</mi>
                           </mrow>
                        </mfenced>
                        <mo>=</mo>
                        <msup>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>D</mi>
                           </mrow>
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>α</mi>
                              <mo>+</mo>
                              <mi>β</mi>
                           </mrow>
                        </msup>
                        <mi>f</mi>
                        <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|">
                           <mrow>
                              <mi>t</mi>
                           </mrow>
                        </mfenced>
                        <mo>;</mo>
                        <mn>0</mn>
                        <mo><</mo>
                        <mi>α</mi>
                        <mo>≤</mo>
                        <mn>1</mn>
                        <mo>;</mo>
                        <mn>0</mn>
                        <mo><</mo>
                        <mi>β</mi>
                        <mo>≤</mo>
                        <mn>1</mn>
                     </math>
                  </jats:inline-formula>. GFD is applied for some functions to investigate that the GFD coincides with the results from Caputo and Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The solutions of the Riccati fractional differential equation are obtained via the GFD. A comparison with the Bernstein polynomial method <jats:inline-formula>
                     <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2">
                        <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|">
                           <mrow>
                              <mtext>BPM</mtext>
                           </mrow>
                        </mfenced>
                     </math>
                  </jats:inline-formula>, enhanced homotopy perturbation method <jats:inline-formula>
                     <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3">
                        <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|">
                           <mrow>
                              <mtext>EHPM</mtext>
                           </mrow>
                        </mfenced>
                     </math>
                  </jats:inline-formula>, and conformable derivative <jats:inline-formula>
                     <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4">
                        <mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|">
                           <mrow>
                              <mtext>CD</mtext>
                           </mrow>
                        </mfenced>
                     </math>
                  </jats:inline-formula> is also discussed. Our results show that the proposed definition gives a much better accuracy than the well-known definition of the conformable derivative. Therefore, GFD has advantages in comparison with other related definitions. This work provides a new path for a simple tool for obtaining analytical solutions of many problems in the context of fractional calculus.</jats:p>


EDITOR,—Last year a major change occurred in the terminology for those undertaking postregistration training in general practice. The term "trainee," which had been used since 1950,1 was replaced by the term "registrar." It had long been argued that the word "trainee" was derisory,2 equating as it does with "novice" or "greenhorn," according to Roget's Thesaurus.3 In 1993 a survey showed that fewer than half the patients questioned thought that a trainee was …


Discusses the characteristics of the course Laser Audio-Visual Equipment,weakness in the course materials available and proposes new approaches in the teaching:supplementing the course books with related materials,focusing on block diagram analysis rather than circuit analysis, principles and structures than repair and maintenance,field practice than classroom listening,and establishing concept of home theaters system.


Air-powered launcher fires plastic projectiles without using explosive propellants. Does not generate high temperatures. Launcher developed for combat training for U.S. Army. With reservoir pressurized, air launcher ready to fire. When pilot valve opened, sleeve (main valve) moves to rear. Projectile rapidly propelled through barrel, pushed by air from reservoir. Potential applications in seismic measurements, avalanche control, and testing impact resistance of windshields on vehicles.


The Relationship Between Electron Optics and Light Optics Equations of Motion Methods of Calculating Electromagnetic Fields Paraxial (Gaussian) Optics Electron Lenses Classes of Electron Lenses Elements of Aberration Theory Phase Space in Electron Optics Treatment of Space Charge Electron Guns in Television and Other Cathode-Ray Tubes Appendices Index.


With all the native wit, rib tickling humor and ability to see what makes the South the South found in the literary classics of Southern writers like Mark Twain, documentary filmmaker Stan Woodward helps us discover the common thread that connects the South's people across all social, economic, political and racial boundaries – Grits!
"Grits is us" - or, if we are to be grammatically correct, "Grits are us" - could easily be the title of this uproariously funny and at the same time insightful and poignant personal documentary.


• Modern electronic payment systems rely on trusted, central third parties to process payments securely. Recent developments have seen the creation of digital currencies like Bitcoin, which combine new currencies with decentralised payment systems. • Although the monetary aspects of digital currencies have attracted considerable attention, the distributed ledger underlying their payment systems is a significant innovation. • As with money held as bank deposits, most financial assets today exist as purely digital records. This opens up the possibility for distributed ledgers to transform the financial system more generally. (1) The authors would like to thank Victoria Cleland, Danny Eckloff and Tom Ludlow for their help in producing this article. Overview Money and payment systems are intrinsically linked. In order for an asset to function as a medium of exchange, there needs to be a secure way of transferring that asset — a payment system. And for any system other than the exchange of physical banknotes or coins, a means of recording the values stored is also needed — a ledger. Modern payment systems are computerised and most money exists only as digital records on commercial banks' accounts. This article considers recent innovations in payments technology, focusing on the emergence of privately developed, internet-based digital currencies such as Bitcoin. Digital currency schemes combine both new payment systems and new currencies. Users can trade digital currencies with each other in exchange for traditional currency or goods and services without the need for any third party (like a bank). And their creation is not controlled by any central bank. Bitcoin — currently the largest digital currency — was set up in 2009 and several thousand businesses worldwide currently accept bitcoins in payment for anything from pizza to webhosting. Most digital currencies, including Bitcoin, incorporate predetermined supply paths leading to fixed eventual supplies. An overview of how digital currencies work, including the creation of new currency, is included in this article. Much of the media focus to date has been on the new currencies themselves (such as 'bitcoins') and the large price swings that these have experienced. This article argues, however, that the key innovation of digital currencies is the 'distributed ledger' which allows a payment system to operate in an entirely decentralised way, without intermediaries such as banks. This innovation draws on advances from a range of disciplines including cryptography (secure communication), game theory (strategic decision-making) and peer-to-peer networking (networks of connections …


Many companies are developing and implementing Process Safety Management (PSM) systems. Various PSM models, including those by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), the American Petroleum Institute (API), the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) and OSHA have emerged to guide the design, development and installation of these systems. These models represent distillations of the practices, methods and procedures successfully used by those who believed that a strong correlation exists between sound PSM practices and achieving reductions in the frequency and severity of process incidents.

This paper describes the progress of CCPS research toward developing a PSM performance measurement model. It also provides a vision for future CCPS research to define effectiveness indices.


A 36-year-old male was brought by ambulance to the emergency department after he lost control of his motorcycle and crashed into a tree. He was helmeted and wearing body armor at the time. On primary and secondary survey, he had no apparent injuries, except a grossly deformed left ankle. There were no signs of an open injury, but there was skin tenting over the left lateral ankle. Pulses could not be palpated in the left foot, but a dorsalis pedis pulse was detectable with Doppler. The patient had intact sensation and could move his toes. A portable X-ray was obtained, which demonstrated a complete dorsal dislocation of the talus (Figures 1 and 2). With procedural sedation and the assistance of the orthopaedics team, the talus was urgently reduced with traction on the hindfoot and countertraction on the distal tibia. The ankle was immobilized in a posterior splint and the patient was admitted to the hospital for further workup. A CT scan of the ankle demonstrated fracture fragments from the posterior process of the talus in the tibiotalar joint space, for which he underwent arthroscopic debridement a few days later. Although the talus is the only bone in the body with no tendon or muscle attachments, dislocation is uncommon due to its strong ligamentous attachments and exacting bony articulations. Complete dislocation,


Ship supply system can be decomposed into a plurality of joints. This paper analyzed the influence of each link on the reliability of the whole ship power supply by taking equipments characteristics followed by marine engine managers as rule and each joint as object based on the AHP model. This paper also analyzed the application of the model in the implementation of task and declaration of spare parts.


To cite this article: Eriksson J, Ekerljung L, Lötvall J, Pullerits T, Wennergren G, Rönmark E, Torén K, Lundbäck B. Growing up on a farm leads to lifelong protection against allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2010; 65: 1397–1403.


The seismic risk protection strategy of nuclear installations belonging to the critical facilities [22] is based on the knowledge of real seismic hazard, on the choice of reliable design and on the use of preventive means (technological and organisational) that mitigate the earthquake impact when a strong earthquake comes into existence. To be able to reduce a seismic risk we call for: the determination of real seismic hazard; the use of aseismic design of constructions and equipment (components and systems) taking into account a quantitative prediction of the inelastic dynamic response of structures to extreme loads caused by earthquakes (this is important from the economical and safety viewpoints); the satisfaction of demands of legal rules in force; the use of technical means that can mitigate earthquake effects; the set of organisational measures (including the staff training) for the case when strong earthquake (equal or greater than design one) will come into existence.


Female victims of domestic violence often experience depression. This research used Empathic Love Therapy (ELT) to reduce depressive symptoms, by enabling individual to understand one-self deeper by realizing, understanding, accepting, and loving all aspects of the self, which is the early process of healing. This research is quasi-experiment research using a single group simple interrupted time series design. Five women aged 30-60 years old who experience depression, based on BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) score, participated in an eight-session therapy. Participants were recruited purposively based on theory-based or operational construct sampling. Data analysis combined quantitative and qualitative methods, of which Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for quantitative analysis, whereas qualitative analysis adopted a descriptive analysis. Quantitative findings significant difference in BDI score between before and after treatment (Z = -2.023 with p=  0.043<0.05). Qualitative findings showed that participants were able to find survival personality that emerged from past painful experiences and plays a role in the depression symptoms they are currently experiencing. With the power of love they find from God, they are able to accept themselves, and focus their lives on their potential and positive future plans. Therefore, it can be concluded that Empathic Love Therapy is effective to be used to reduce depressive symptoms.


McManus Maureen K. (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) A comprehensive literature review and critique on emotional intelligence as a conceptual (Title) framework for school counselors School Counseling Ed Biggerstaff Spring 2001 35 pages (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) Emotional intelligence, a term coined in 1990 by Peter Salevoy and John D. Mayer is also referred to as emotional literacy, emotional competence, EI and EQ. Throughout the past decade, psychologists have researched the concept of emotional intelligence, exploring its need to be taught in schools and its importance for success in life. This research project was a literary review and critique of the concept of emotional intelligence and its validation as part of a school curriculum. This paper aimed to complete four objectives. First, the leading researchers of emotional intelligence were studied, as were their definitions and theories regarding the concept. Second, the emotional development of children was examined rendering educational implications for the teaching of emotional intelligence in schools. Third, emotional intelligence programs that have been successfully implemented in schools were reviewed. Finally, recommendations were made to educators and school counselors for using emotional intelligence as a conceptual framework. In consideration of the first objective of this paper, throughout the past ten years, four researchers were at the forefront of the study of emotional intelligence: Howard Gardener, Peter Salevoy, Daniel Goleman, and Jonathan Cohen. Although each researcher created original means to define his theory of emotional intelligence, the general outcomes regarding definitions and characterizations of the concept among the researchers was similar. Emotional intelligence includes two general divisions. First, to be emotionally literate, a person must have an understanding of his/her emotions, including the ability to label the emotions, understand the influential factor creating the emotion, and the appropriate behavior for the emotion. Second, a person must have an understanding of the emotions of others, most notably, empathy. The second objective of this paper aimed to unite an understanding of the emotional development of children with the implications for educators when establishing emotional literacy curriculum. It was found that children's foundation for emotional intelligence begins during infancy, so the effectiveness of emotional literacy programs in schools is contingent on the earliest time of onset, kindergarten. The third objective of this paper was to explore successful emotional literacy programs that already exist in schools across the country. Three key factors were found to be common characteristics of successful emotional intelligence programs in schools. First, successful schools designated a special class to emotional intelligence. The class began in kindergarten and continued through the child's graduation. Second, teachers and other school staff were provided with extensive training on the teaching of emotional intelligence and were given continued support. Finally, parents were provided information and training in order for emotional intelligence to be reinforced between home and school. The final objective of this paper was to make recommendations to school counselors for using emotional intelligence as a conceptual framework. Although the research on emotional intelligence and its implications for counselors is limited and relatively new, four recommendations were made to school counselors. First, school counselors are responsible for creating a K-12 emotional developmental curriculum. Second, they are responsible for creating an aggressive K-8 curriculum. Third, they are responsible for teacher and staff training regarding this subject, as well as acting as ongoing consultants. Finally, school counselors are responsible for informing and educating parents on how to foster emotional intelligence in their children.


The objectives of this study were: 1 to explore the extent to which the university students employed English grammar learning strategies (GLS) in online learning; 2. to examine the differences between the use of GLS among the students with different English proficiency levels; and 3. to investigate factors which have an impact on the application of GLS. Data was collected from a class of thirty First-Year English major students enrolling in the course called Grammar 2, using the GLS and focus-group interviews. They were classified into three groups with different grammar proficiency levels, measured by their grade obtained in a grammar course last semester, namely higher-level learners (A, B+), intermediate-level learners (B, C+), and basic-level learners (C, D+, and D). The quantitative data was statistically analyzed by frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, and ANOVA. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data from focus-group interviews. The findings showed that the students used GLS in general at a high level. The social strategies were used the most while metacognitive strategies were found to be used the least. Moreover, the comparison of GLS use among the three groups revealed no significant differences in their strategy use. Therefore, learners' grammar proficiency did not have a direct effect on GLS use among the students in this study. Instead, focus-group interviews further revealed a range of factors mediating GLS use namely motivation, learning styles, learning situations, and teachers.


Sixty two patients with chronic liver disease and 26 healthy individuals were included as normal controls for the study. Blood analysis was carried out for all of them which include serum bilirubin, total protein, creatinine and liver enzyme tests (GOT, GPT, ALP) levels. The result of blood parameters showed that: (total bilirubin and direct bilirubin (µmol/L)) have a higher level of bilirubin in viral groups (Chronic viral hepatitis) than in the cirrhosis and liver cancer patients, but all groups showed increased bilirubin levels more than in the control group (p<0.001). Liver enzyme tests show the concentration of serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and serum Alkaline Phosphates (ALP) levels are increased highly significant in cirrhotic patients compared to other groups of control patients (p<0.001). There was a decrease in total protein concentrations observed in cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepato-cellular Carcinoma) patients compared to the control group. The level of creatinine concentration for patients with cirrhosis and hepato-Cellular Carcinoma were increased highly significant (p<0.01) than other groups with Chronic virtal hepatitis and control groups.


The volcanic-sedimentary origin of modern Red Sea muds rich in iron, zinc, manganese and other metals 9suggests a possible environment and process for deposition of. . . strata-bound oxide-silicate minerals of Fe, Zn, and Mn that characterize the Franklin-Sterling ore deposits.9


We report the characteristics of heavily Si-doped GaN prepared by pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD) and its application as tunneling junction (TJ) contacts for nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We determined that the use of PSD allows us to grow extremely heavily Si-doped wurtzite GaN epitaxial layers with [Si] = 1.0 × 1021 cm−3 on commercially available UV-A LED wafers. Then, we processed these samples into LED structures to investigate their device characteristics as TJ-contact LEDs. Compared to commercially available UV-A LEDs with transparent conductive oxide contacts, TJ-contact LEDs with [Si] = 1.0 × 1021 cm−3 at the tunnel-junction interface showed lower differential resistance and, consequently, worked well under a high injection current density of ∼1 kA/cm2 without any degradation. These results indicate that PSD-grown heavily doped n-type GaN is promising for application as a TJ-contact in group III nitride-based optoelectronic devices.


Using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we show that as cation atoms in a zincblende-based semiconductor are replaced through atomic mutation (e.g., evolve from ZnSe to CuGaSe2 to Cu2ZnGeSe4), the band gaps of the semiconductors will become more and more indirect because of the band splitting at the zone boundary, and in some cases will even form the segregating states. For example, although ZnSe is a direct band gap semiconductor, quaternary compounds Cu2ZnGeSe4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 can be indirect band gap semiconductors if they form the primitive mixed CuAu ordered structures. We also find that the stability and the electronic structure of the quaternary polytypes with different atomic ordering are almost negative-linearly correlated. We suggest that these intrinsic properties of the multi-cation semiconductors can have a large influence on the design and device performance of these materials.


We present the method which can calculate the spectral reflectance from physical parameters corresponding to the pathological features, e.g. average size of cell nuclei and standard deviation of cell nuclear size distribution, in consideration of multiple scattering in biological tissue. In this paper, the method combined the Monte Carlo method which simulates multiple scattering effects and the Mie theory which provides phase function (angular properties of light scattering) and scattering coefficient was employed. In order to investigate the validity of this method, the calculated spectra by the method and Monte Carlo method with Henyey-Greenstein phase functions were compared with measurement spectra derived from the tissue phantom whose size distribution has double peaks. From the results, it is shown that the method can better predict the spectral reflectance of tissue phantom rather than Monte Carlo method with Henyey-Greenstein phase function.


High albumin adjusted serum calcium has been reported in several cancers but has not been studied in malignant melanoma. We examined the relationship between serum albumin, total and corrected calcium in malignant melanoma in a cross‐sectional study. Two thousand three hundred six patients with cutaneous melanoma were identified between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2010 and 644 met our inclusion criteria. At the time of diagnosis, total serum calcium was non‐significantly lower in stage 4 (9.34 mg/dL) vs. stages 1‐3 (9.48‐9.51 mg/dL). Serum albumin was significantly lower in stage 4 (3.92 g/dL; p蠄0.05) than stages 0‐3 (4.09‐4.15 g/dL). Higher albumin corrected serum calcium was observed with increasing melanoma stage (9.45‐9.61 mg/dL). Men but not women showed a significant decrease in serum albumin in stage 4 when compared with stages 1‐3 (p = 0.02). Patients >75 years had significantly lower serum albumin (3.98±0.33 vs 4.16±0.35 g/dL; p<0.001), but higher adjusted calcium (9.64±0.49 vs 9.53±0.43 mg/dL; p=0.03) compared to patients 蠄 75 years. Serum albumin may serve as a biomarker to evaluate disease progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.


In this paper, a class of time-space fractional stochastic delay control problems with fractional noises and Poisson jumps in a bounded domain is considered. The proper function spaces and assumptions are proposed to discuss the existence of mild solutions. In particular, approximate strategy is used to obtain the existence of mild solutions for the problem with linear fractional noises; fixed point theorem is used to achieve the existence of mild solutions for the problem with nonlinear fractional noises. Finally, the approximate controllability of the problems with linear and nonlinear fractional noises is proved by the property of mild solutions.


We investigate the effect of vacancy defect reconstruction on electron transport properties in a (4, 0) zigzag and (5, 5) armchair silicon-carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) by applying self consistent non-equilibrium Green's function formalism in combination with the density-functional theory to a two probe molecular junction constructed from SiCNTs. The geometry optimization results show that single vacancies and di-vacancies in SiCNTs have different reconstructions. A single vacancy when optimized, reconstructs into a 5-1DB configuration in both zigzag and armchair SiCNTs, and a di-vacancy reconstructs into a 5-8-5 configuration in zigzag and into a 5-2DB configuration in armchair SiCNTs. Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and transmission spectrum show that the vacancy defect increases the band gap of (4, 0) metallic SiCNT and decreases the band gap of (5, 5) semiconducting SiCNT. Bias voltage dependent current characteristic show reduction in overall current in metallic SiCNT and an increase in overall current in semiconducting SiCNT.


Equations for the electron correlation contributions to one‐electron properties calculated with correlation energy functionals of the Hartree–Fock density are derived. For any functional that is of an explicitly algebraic form, these contributions are limited to the occupied‐virtual block of the one‐electron density matrix. This deficiency results in very poor values of one‐electron properties, as demonstrated by numerical examples. Implications of these observations to the future of the density functional theory (DFT)‐based electronic structure methods are discussed.


The microstructure and performances of AZ91D alloy with Al4C3 and Ce were investigated by using of SEM, XRD, EDS and DTA. It was found that 0. 6% Al4C3 addition to AZ91D magnesium alloy leads to the α-Mg grain size obvious decreasing, the bulk skeletal fully-divorced eutectic β-phases and lamellar α+β eutectic structure transforming into honeycomb-like partially-divorced eutectic β-phases, and the β-phases diminishing in size and uniform distribution. Combining addition of 0. 6%Al4C3 and 0. 2%Ce to AZ91D magnesium alloy resulted in better grain refining effect, the β-phases breaking, reducing in amount and distributing more uniformly, furthermore a small amount needle-like compound Al4Ce were found. Based on the analysis resulting of EDS, DTA and calculation of the disregistry between Al4C3 and Mg, Al4C3 particles can act as the heterogeneous nuclei. Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy is favorable for significant improvement of strength, hardness and corrosion resistance. It is also benefit for enhancement of elongation percentage.


Renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) may cause acute lung injury (ALI). The mortality of combined acute kidney injury and ALI is extremely high. Dexmedetomidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist, exerts potent anti‐inflammatory and organoprotective effects in addition to its sedative and analgesic properties. We sought to elucidate whether dexmedetomidine can attenuate lung injury following renal I/R in a murine model of renal I/R.


With characteristic thoroughness, Dr. Keiser-Nielsen details the business of being a forensic odontologist. With brilliance he leads us down the mathematical road when considering the probabilities and possibilities involved in identification of human dentitions.


Previous algorithms that recover camera motion from image velocities suffer from both bias and excessive variance in the results. We propose a robust estimator of camera motion that is statistically consistent when image noise is isotropic. Consistency means that the estimated motion converges in probability, to the true value as the number of image points increases. An algorithm based on reweighted Gauss-Newton iterations handles 100 velocity measurements in about 50 milliseconds on a workstation.


Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of small carotenoid-derived molecules recently discovered not only to influence shoot and root architecture as plant hormones, but also to regulate symbiotic and parasitic interactions as rhizosphere signals. Karrikins (KARs), a class of signaling molecules discovered from the smoke of burning plant material that can stimulate germination of seeds of fire-following plant species and enhance seedling photomorphogenesis, are butenolide compounds with structural similarity to SLs.


The content of Pb element in iron and steel has been investigated in detail by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(EDXRF).It is showed that,FeKα sum-peak was the main interference factor affecting the accuracy of the testing.The formation mechanism of the sum-peak was analyzed,and a mathematical model was established.By calculating the occurrence probability of sum-peaks was obtained and experimentally verified.The sum-peak correction working curve(SPCWC) was established and used for the determination of Pb in iron samples,and the results were consistent with those from atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS).The detection limit of the method was 24.1 μg/g.Twelve times determinations for standard sample with lead mass fraction of 170 μg/g were conducted,and the relative standard deviation(RSD) obtained was 3.26 %.


As learning is seen to be a social process as well as an intellectual activity in which teachers work in active partnership with students, "Teaching by Joint Presentation" (TJP) project sought to investigate what a humanistic concept of teacher-student joint presentation and critical inquiry can evoke in the language classroom within Chinese context. 289 college English literature learning students and 87 in-service secondary school teachers have participated in this study. The findings articulated a series of multifaceted differences concerning with students' learning aspiration and competence, together with the complexities of teaching methods in a humanistic language classroom. The results indicate that humanistic ideal does increase students' learning competence of critical insight, independent thought and reflective analysis. The study provides insights into humanistic competence growth of Chinese college language students based on empirical evidence.


Nine fungicides viz. Nativo -75WG (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%), Folicur 250 EC (tebuconazole), Flint 50WG (trifloxystrobin), Score 25 EC (difenoconazole), Tilt 25 EC (propiconazole), Contaf 5EC (hexaconazole), Indofil M – 45 (mancozeb 75 WP), Blitox 50 WP (copper oxychloride) and Antracol 70 WP (propineb) were evaluated for their effectiveness under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Alternaria porri – an incitant of purple blotch of onion. All fungicides significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen. Score 25 EC and Nativo-75WG were found to be most effective as these completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 0.1 per cent. Out of these nine fungicides, highest disease control (85.0%) and seed yield were recorded in foliar application of nativo – 75 WG followed by Folicur 250 EC and Tilt 25 EC. Other fungicides were comparatively less effective in controlling the disease under field conditions.


Project 2058 - Report 11: A History of Future-Thinking Initiatives in New Zealand 1936 - 2010: Learning From the Past to Build a Better Future, Pub. March 2011, Sustainable Future Institute.


At a sea defence study site on the Fylde coast, in the North West of England, dairy hypochlorite is used to eradicate bio-fouling from municipal steps and walkways. This article investigates the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and describes the effects of this destructive chemical upon the innovative use of polypropylene fibres within a marine concrete matrix. Polypropylene fibres were treated with NaClO (2.5%) and an artificial seawater, NaCl (3.5%), replicating a six-month maintenance regime at the site. Modifications in visual, chemical and structural properties of the polymer were evaluated by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) – revealing that the visual, chemical and structural properties of the fibre changed when exposed to a minimal NaClO solution. This multidisciplinary study is the first to report the composition, attachment and growth of NaClO crystals upon synthetic fibres within marine concrete, laying the foundation for more research into this new phenomenon.


Mathjax On | Off Abstract The shape of the earth is only approximately a sphere. Our planet bulges slightly at the equator so that it is very nearly an oblate spheroid whose equatorial radius is about 21 km greater than its polar radius. Hence the gravitational field of the earth is not exactly a spherically symmetric field. The distortion of the earth's gravitational field from spherical symmetry causes the actual orbit of a satellite to differ from an ellipse.


Much work is going on presently to improve the crystal growth and packaging of the Eu2+ activated SrI2 scintillator, thanks to its excellent scintillation properties like high light yield and good energy resolution. Larger crystals are needed for spectroscopic applications, and proper packaging is important for long-time field use and application in other areas due to its hygroscopic nature. In this paper, we report on the successful growth of a SrI2:Eu [6 mol%] single crystal in silica ampoule to prevent melt hydration and oxygen contamination using the vertical Bridgman technique. The scintillation properties of a 0.314 cm3 SrI2:Eu sample are presented, showing a light output of ~80 000 ph/MeV . A 360 μm sample was investigated for X-ray imaging applications; we also show how the sample was prepared for the measurement and the result of this preliminary investigation.


The overwhelming volume of scientific literaturemeans that scientists, educators, students, policy makers, and funding agencies need new methods to understand the structure and development of knowledge domains. To address this information glut, the author developed a visualization methodology that combines approaches from information science, computer science, and geography.


Angular frequency and normal coordinate of different coupled pendulum system was discussed with invariant eigen-operator method.Normal coordinate of coupling mechanical system was physical essence of invariant eigen-operator of coupled pendulum system.So angular frequency and normal coordinate of coupled pendulum system should easily solved with invariant eigen-operator method,such as two-dimensional and three dimensional coupled pendulum system.


Summary

Egg-laying in Woodpigeons in central London lasts from March until September in normal years, with peak production in April and May, contrasting markedly with some rural areas in England where few clutches are completed before May and the peak months are July and August. Both appear to be determined by food supplies; London birds feed mainly on bread, supplemented by vegetable foods, which is in ample supply. so that they require much less time for feeding than rural birds in winter and early spring. They are thus able to breed over the whole period for which they are apparently physiologically capable. Breeding success in central London is almost double that in Cambridgeshire and nearly 50% above that in other rural areas, due to markedly lower predation, especially at the egg stage. The factors governing the breeding seasons of different populations of Woodpigeons are discussed.


Electrochemical organic synthesis has attracted increasing attentions from both scientific and industrial communities as a sustainable and versatile synthetic platform. Quantitative assessment of the electro-organic reactions, including reaction thermodynamics, interfacial kinetics and coupled chemical processes, highlights the uniqueness of electro-synthesis and can lead to the development of analytical tool to guide their future design. Here we study the thermodynamics, electro-kinetics and performance (yield) of electro-organic reactions with different mechanisms, and conclude that electrochemical parameters such as onset potential, Tafel slope, and effective voltage can be utilized as multi electro-descriptors for the evaluation of reaction conditions and the prediction of corresponding reactivities (reaction yields). An "electro-descriptor-diagram" is generated, where reactive and non-reactive conditions/substances show distinct boundary. Successful predictions for reaction outcomes have been demonstrated using electro-descriptor diagram, or from Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with experimentally-derived electro-descriptors. This method represents a promising tool for the data-acquisition, mechanistic clarification, reaction prediction, and high-throughput screening of feasible substance and optimal conditions (solvents, electrolytes, additives and electrode materials) for general organic electro-synthesis.


Based on the analysis of historical prevalence of infectious diseases, it was thought that the prevalence of the infectious diseases would have very important impact on survival and development of mankind. Most of human life spent inside the buildings, so the prevalence of the infectious disease correlated to the buildings. Prevalence of infectious disease involved three key elements; the route of infection was more closely related with buildings. By investigation, it was found that improper treatment of water and air inside the building might be the important route of infection. The cause of origination was analyzed; some countermeasures to cut the infection route were suggested.


Diagnostic information from any test is of little value unless the results can be interpreted to parents and teachers in ways they can understand and find useful. The Profile Graph for Selected Subtests of the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude was designed as a diagnostic aid to focus interpretation of Detroit results on intraindividual ability strengths and weaknesses as related to a child's own expected level of functioning. Using the Profile Graph can expedite communication to parents and teachers and facilitate educational placement and program planning decisions for learning disabled children.


Kant analyzed varieties of antimonies in Critique of Practical Reason,including theoretical and practical antimonies. After breaking these antimonies and supposing freedom,immortality of soul and God'existence,Kant hoped that people could realize happiness and perfection.


Jan. at room temperature from the point of view of determining the contribution of molecular detachment processes to the formation of the radiolysis products hydrogen amd methane. From experiments involving the use of ethylene and propylene as scavengers it is concluded that 66% of the hydrogen is formed in a molecular detachment not involving free hydrogen atoms. From isotopic studies of the methane formed in the radiolysis of the system ethane: ethane-d6 it is concluded that a large fraction of the methane is also formed by a molecular detachment not involving methyl radical as a precursor. From these results, in which the ratio CD 4CD3H = 2.22 was determined, it is estimated that at least half the methane formed does not originate from methyl radical reactions. Two types of reaction are suggested as possible molecular detachment processes.