A simplified classification scheme for microtexts was recommended in Part II. No matter which classification scheme is chosen, however, there are procedural difficulties and hazards that must be avoided or resolved. For example, serial and newspaper titles on microfilm must be shelved in a way that will allow constant but predictable expansion. If these titles are shelved strictly by classification number, a large, amount of shelving, which might be put to better use in the meantime, will remain empty to ensure future storage space for the title for a given number of years. When that space is finally utilized, another problem arises—that of shifting the entire collection to accommodate further growth. A partial solution to these problems is to shelve serial and newspaper titles in a separate area, with "dummy" blocks inserted on the shelf where those numbers would logically appear to indicate the-separate location of those items. Some libraries arrange their newspapers on microfilm alphabetically by title within the separate area. To give the entire microtext collection a consistency and to provide some capability for unassisted use. It is recommended that newspaper and other serial titles be included in the classification scheme, especially if the sequential system is used. Size designation does not have the same importance in the call number as the format de-


1. Lawrence F. Nazarian

1. Rochester, NY

The coloring on this school work sheet was done by Alexis Barboza of New Bedford, Mass. Alexis is 6 years old …


The articles by Salkowski et al (1,2) outline the recent review of the flagging rule for transplant centers. These articles have also been commented upon in references (3) and (4). The previous rule flagged any facility with fewer than 10 transplants in a given 30 month period if there was one or more deaths; a facility with 10 or more transplants was flagged if: (i) Observed/Expected > 1.5; (ii) ObservedExpected > 3; and (iii) the one sided p-value < 0.05. This rule worked well for larger centers, but not for smaller. For example, one consequence was that a center with nine (or fewer) transplants in the 30month period is flagged if it has one or more deaths whereas a center with 10 transplants is flagged only if it had four or more deaths. This peculiar discontinuity is due to the criterion ''Observed – Expected > 3.'' It is this aspect of the previous rule that results in the oddities identified in Figures 4 and 5 (1).


Statistical signal processing is an important area of research with extensive applications in the fields of communication theory, array processing, seismology, and medical diagnosis. The goal of signal processing is to recover characteristics of the underlying process from observed data. The random nature of the signals underscores the need for statistical techniques in model formulation, estimation, and data analysis. A brief discussion of two models that have been widely studied in the signal processing literature is provided. In addition, different methods of estimation are presented, and some unique characteristics of these models are highlighted.

Keywords:

array model;
detection;
estimation;
multiple sinusoids


Anxiety, craving and stress are associated with a higher risk of recurrence and a success reduction of smoking cessation programs. Relaxation techniques are one of the resources that psychology can bring to bear on these programs. The Brief Automated Suggestive Relaxation technique (BASR) is presented. Its design carries with it the idea of creating a brief and self-applied procedure which allows one to obtain results from the outset with minimum effort by both patient and therapist. This technique is confirmed within the multi-component program for smoking cessation as a confrontation resource for symptoms of anxiety/craving/stress deriving from quit smoking and nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome, its possible effectiveness was studied. There were 45 participants and all were smokers (average age of 43.91, 55.6% women), randomly divided in two groups: BASR condition (15 minutes relaxation session) or control condition (15 minutes rest session). Two standardized tests were used for the evaluation, the Anxiety-State scale (STAI-S) and the Differential Stress Inventory of Adjectives for the Study of Moods (IDDA-EA). An analogical qualification Scale of Smoking Desire was also used. In agreement with findings, a positive effect and the efficacy of the technique employed for the control of craving, anxiety and stress in smokers was corroborated.


This report provides answers to frequently asked questions about the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) initiatives.


Ozone coupled with pre-chloramination was evaluated as an effective color removal and bromate control method for groundwater at Mesa Water's Well #8. A modified solution ozone test procedure was employed to simulate the sidestream ozone injection. Satisfactory color removal (<10 PtCo CU) was achieved with 2 mg/L of ozone in the presence or absence of preformed monochloramine or ammonia. While bromate formation was reduced by 67% and 83% with 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L of ammonia-N alone, respectively, 68% and 92% of bromate formation was suppressed with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of monochloramine as Cl2, respectively. Only the pre-treatment with 2.0 mg/L of monochloramine provided sufficient bromate control to meet its maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L. UV and fluorescence analyses showed effective destruction of color-causing organics by ozone in the presence of preformed monochloramine.


Class Notes GOALS: 1. Recognize that hypothesis testing uses sample data to make inferences about a population. 2. Understand that Hypothesis Testing provides a reliable way of predicting outcomes by comparing data to known distributions (snc,tcurve), and assigning confidence levels. 3. Learn the basic terminology used in hypothesis testing. 4. Understand that sampling error can cause conclusions to be incorrect. These incorrect conclusions are defined as Type I and Type II Errors.


The cooling tower e.g. Legionnaire's disease protection control system has a tower liquid sample microorganisms antagonist concentration setting and comparison assembly and antagonist dosing devices with a microcontroller. The microcontroller actuates the initial dosing devices, to correct the dose if reference to the set antagonist concentration reveals inadequate dosing.


A new Schiff base compound of N'-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}benzohydrazide was synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic techniques, including infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X–ray diffraction. Experimental results collected by XRD were compared with theoretical results obtained from Density functional theory method. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to obtain three dimension molecular surface and two dimension fingerprint plots to illustrate the intermolecular bonding. Theoretical calculations provide valuable insights into both global and local chemical activity, as well as the properties of molecules and chemicals, including their nucleophilic and electrophilic nature. The DFT method at B3LYP/6–311++G (d,p) basis set was employed to study the optimized structure and geometric parameters, as well as to explore the frontier molecular orbitals, global reactive parameters, Mullikan population analaysis, Natural bond orbital and molecular electrostatic potential characteristics which cannot be obtained by experimental methods. Additionally, electrophilicity based charge transfer study was carried out with DNA bases to determine the direction of charge transfer. Finally, an investigation was carried out using molecular docking analysis to examine the binding energies of the title compound with PDB ID: 2QDJ protein target. The analysis yielded significant insights into the possible interactions, offering valuable findings in the process.


This research begins with the premise that strategies are important if students are to learn effectively, and that this applies not only to language but also to any other field of learning. Therefore this study looks into the strategies used by the students from the Modern Languages Major in language skills development, so they could successfully complete their studies in French. The research used a questionnaire to gather the information to apply the quantitative measurement. Besides, this study identifies the strategy patterns by looking into the effects of some individual factors such as gender, learning style, strategy preference in skills and categories of the strategies implemented. The findings highlight the importance in strategy usage for the development of the learning of French and question its effectiveness through the learning process of the individuals. In addition, implications of the findings for the learning situation are discussed. The patterns of strategy used identified in this study may help instructors get better understanding of Modern Languages students" performance. The different strategy choices found in this approach also offer some insights into pedagogical practices that can successfully be employed in the French learning contexts.


Increasing rate of genetic gain for key agronomic traits through genomic selection requires the development of new molecular methods to run genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The main limitation of current methods is the cost is too high to screen breeding populations. Molecular inversion probes (MIPs) is a targeted genotyping-by-sequencing method that could be used for soybeans that is both cost effective, high-throughput, and provides high data quality to screen breeder's germplasm for genomic selection. A 1K MIP SNP set was developed for soybean with uniformly distributed markers across the genome. The SNPs were selected to maximize the number of informative markers in germplasm being tested in soybean breeding programs located in the North Central and Mid-South regions of the United States. The 1K SNP MIP set was tested on diverse germplasm and a recombinant inbred line population. Targeted sequencing with MIPs obtained an 85% enrichment for the targeted SNPs. MIP's genotyping accuracy was 93% overall while homozoygous call accuracy was 98% with less than 10% missing data. The accuracy of MIPs combined with its low per sample cost makes it a powerful tool to enable genomic selection within soybean breeding programs.


We prove conditional negative association for random variables xj = 1  {|σ ‐1(j)|≥t j} (j∈[n]:= {1…n}) , where σ(1)…σ(m) are i.i.d. from [n]. (The σ(i) 's are thought of as the locations of balls dropped independently into urns 1…n according to some common distribution, so that, for some threshold tj, xj is the indicator of the event that at least tj balls land in urn j.) We mostly deal with the more general situation in which the σ(i) 's need not be identically distributed, proving results which imply conditional negative association in the i.i.d. case. Some of the results—particularly Lemma 8 on graph orientations—are thought to be of independent interest. We also give a counterexample to a negative correlation conjecture of D. Welsh, a strong version of a (still open) conjecture of G. Farr. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012


Economic increase of our country is facing the restrain of resource.Meanwhile construction enterprise has been consuming large quantity of resources. To resolve the contradiction between resource restrain and Economic increase,it is necessary for construction enterprise to change developing model and grow circular economy.This paper analyses the model of developing circular economy of construction enterprise and policy measures,basing on describing the principle of circular economy.


approve Molly H. Shor The 11-optimality problem which addresses the ability of a system to reject per sistent disturbance signals has been of interest to many researchers during the last decade. Various designs involving linear and nonlinear controllers have been pro posed and shown to operate with satisfactory performances. This study is mainly about the construction and properties of linear dynamic 11-optimal controllers for SISO discrete time systems. We will start our discussion by obtaining an alternative formulation of the problem from a system-level point of view and show that some simple arguments lead to the same dual linear programming problem proposed by Dahleh and Pearson in their early work. Next we will show that the primary prob lem always has a solution; i.e. an 11-optimal linear dynamic controller always exists. In particular the degenerate case where the dual linear programming problem has multiple solutions will be thoroughly investigated and it will be shown that the 11 optimal controller design problem has a trivial solution in such cases. Furthermore we will prove that any secondary optimization problem imposed on the 11-optimal con trollers presuming that a multitude of them exists admits a solution corresponding to a corner of the constraint set restricting the parameters of the dual linear pro gramming problem regardless of the nature of this secondary problem. The missing link between these arguments will be established in the following section where it will be shown that existence of multiple solutions for the 11-optimal controller is a pathological case which is highly unlikely to occur in practice even in the degenerate case where the dual linear programming problem has multiple solutions. Indeed, Redacted for Privacy we will show that the probability of obtaining multiple 11-optimal controllers is zero under a Lebesgue-type continuous probability measure defined on Rn". Still we will discuss solution techniques for 112-optimization problem imposed as a secondary performance objective on the linear dynamic 11-optimal controllers in the off-chance that there is a multitude of them and show how the previous arguments can be used to convert this problem to an ordinary quadratic programming problem solvable by available techniques.


This paper derives an interesting property of the rectangular hyperbola. On the branch of the first quadrant, the slope of a chord starting from the vertex of the hyperbola has an opposite sign with the slope of the line segment from the coordinate origin to the peak of the chord. An arbitrary another chord starting from the ending-point of the former one continues owning the stated property. With this property, hyperbola xy = N can be subdivided into a series of hyperbolic arcs to factorize N or to estimate the divisor-ratio q/p if N=pq with 2 <p<q is a semiprime. It is proven that a semiprime is easier to be factorized if it has a small divisor-ratio. The paper presents detail mathematical reasoning as well as an approach to realize the factorization or estimation.


This paper presents the architecture and VHDL design of a Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) with Quantization and zigzag arrangement. This architecture is used as the core and path in JPEG image compression hardware. The 2DDCT calculation is made using the 2DDCT Separability property, such that the whole architecture is divided into two 1D-DCT calculations by using a transpose buffer. Architecture for Quantization and zigzag process is also described in this paper. The quantization process is done using division operation. This design aimed to be implemented in Spartan-3E XC3S500 FPGA. The 2DDCT architecture uses 1891 Slices, 51I/O pins, and 8 multipliers of one Xilinx Spartan-3E XC3S500E FPGA reaches an operating frequency of 101.35 MHz One input block with 8 x 8 elements of 8 bits each is processed in 6604 ns and pipeline latency is 140 clock cycles .


This paper proposes a new design of a robust control and monitoring system (RCMS) for robust stabilization of frequency fluctuation in a microgrid (MG) system. In MG system, the power sources consists of wind power (WP), photovoltaic (PV), microturbine (MT) and fuel cell (FC). Due to WP, PV and load fluctuations, the frequency stabilization of RCMS is performed by adjusting the power outputs of MT and electrolyzer system (ES) in both islanding and interconnected utility grid operations. The structure of MT and ES controllers is a proportional integral (PI). To enhance the robustness of designed controllers against system uncertainties, controller parameters of MT and ES are concurrently tuned by the particle swarm optimization based on a specified-structure H" loop shaping control. Simulation results display the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed RCMS against system parameters variation and several operating conditions.


Recently, a wide variety of simulation techniques such as structure analysis and structure-fluid interaction analysis are being employed in the field of forensic engineering for resolving the problem of legal liability for accidents and disasters. In this study, we performed a forensic engineering investigation of a sinking accident of a DCM (deep cement mixing) vessel. The accident vessel was built as a dedicated SCP (sand compaction pile) vessel at the time of vessel building, and the DCM vessel was structurally modified, e.g., by increasing the leader height and constructing for leader expansion , without a stability review. To determine the effects of expansion and modification of structures in this sinking accident, structural stability evaluation was performed using commercial software for structural analysis, ADINA software. Through an analysis and comparison of simulation results obtained using ADINA software with the results of the structural modification and expansion, we could determine the exact cause of the sinking accident of the DCM vessel. † Corresponding Author, email@example.com C 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers


We report dilatational rheology studies on a Langmuir film of a ferroelectric copolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) (70 : 30), under various surface pressures, temperatures and frequencies using the oscillatory barrier technique. We have employed both the Fourier transform method and Lissajous curves to extract the viscoelastic moduli corresponding to the fundamental mode and nonlinear parameters during the compression and expansion cycles, respectively. Strain sweep studies show that the dominant storage modulus increases, overshoots at 1.5% of strain and saturates beyond that; which is typical of the semicrystalline copolymer. Further, the nonlinear parameters show strain hardening of the film. Fixing the angular frequency and at a small strain regime, the temperature sweep studies on the film at the air–water interface provide evidence for the order–disorder phase transition with a pronounced discontinuity in dilatational moduli at 298 K which is also seen in nonlinear parameters. Frequency sweep studies show that the storage moduli are dominant over the loss moduli till a crossover point after which a reversal in this trend is observed. The crossover point is found to shift towards lower frequency and is sensitive to temperature.


Peter I Oy, a remote Norwegian territory, is one of the most rarely visited of the peri-Antarctic islands. Since the last Norwegian research visit, in 1987, approximately 10 tourist ships have been to the island, and about half of these have made landings. Where practical, reports have been sent to the Norwegian Polar Institute and other interested parties. I have made five visits, landing during four of them, while employed by Quark Expeditions to lecture on Antarctic history and geography aboard Kapitan Khlebnikov . My most recent visit, on 21 November 2006, demonstrated the continual geological erosion of the coast. In 2004 at Pingvinholet there was a splendid triple natural arch: the outer arch was formed by black basaltic deposits, and the inner one was capped by a stratum of red oxidized larva. The third arch was the result of a basalt flake slipping and propping itself against the middle column. The sea penetrated through all three arches so that it would have been possible, although reckless, to take a small boat through the largest of them. In late 2006, while sailing from South America to New Zealand near the Antarctic coast, I noted the entire inner section had collapsed. Only one large arch now remains and this no longer admits the sea. The collapse of both the cap of red larva and supporting pillar has formed a pile of rubble several metres above the sea.


Tourism can be considered both a local-based activity or a regional economic source. These scopes allowed government agencies, private investors and non-profit institutions to plan several actions for a comprehensive and sustainable tourism development in Brazil. As part of this scenario, a project for business tourism was developed in Santa Catarina State. It had as main goal to execute a continuous program for a visitation site, envolving business tourism with main activities located in Chapeco and Cordilheira Alta Counties. Proceedings such as site location, technical procedures for trainees selection, video production, visitors scheduling and regional and national media issues were developed along the project execution. Management and technical models, academical interchange between regional universities, increasing of local population incoming and life-quality rising were main results reached after conclusion in 2010.


I have always been intrigued by the plastic button boxes which have several compartments and are so constructed that shaking the box is all that is required to sort the different sized buttons into the appropriate sections of the box. I wish that we could have such a box for sorting the educational dilemmas which face us in the social services. In the absence of such a box, I would like to explore some of the educational issues which affect the education of social workers and others who are employed in the social services. Social workers have traditionally been considered as the primary staff for the social services. Indeed, social work has often been confused with or equated with the social services. In North America social work has been further identified as meaning professional social workers who have received their professional training in a post-baccalaureate programme in a university. In reality of course the majority of staff employed in the social services have not had professional social work training. Many "social workers" have received their training on the job. In fact the MSW (Master of Social Work) graduates formed an elite group, who though trained for practice, were very rapidly promoted to supervise, train, and administer. This contributed in part to the recent movement in Canada (and even more recently in the United States), to the development of undergraduate programmes for professional education in social work. In addition we have had, with the rise of the community college, new programmes of one and two year's duration which have produced "social service workers" or "welfare workers."


The power of color on packaging as a medium to attract customers' purchase decision is an issue that should be explore seriously. Color can be use as a weapon to attract consumers' attention and induce purchase decision. The rationale of this study is to examine the power of colors to influence the customers' purchase decision. The strategic management of colors deals with effective and serious plan as well as an important component in designing a good packaging. Effective color on packaging is vital as this phenomenon was found in the previous study to contribute to enhance stronger brand reputation. This study is very significant presently because a study of colors on packaging is still limited and this study could provide an insight for the packaging designers as well as the manufacturers to produce good packaging with right combination of colors. This paper also seeks to investigate the need to understand consumers' preference towards colors in order to correctly design the packaging colors. Three independent variables were chosen related to color elements such as age, gender and culture. This study will reports on the findings of 100 Malaysian customers through mall intercept survey at the Queensbay Shopping Mall in Penang. The analysis of this research holds importance to those packaging designers as well as the manufacturers in developing effective packaging.


Ship- borne electronic equipments generally adopt sealed electronic cabinet structure,so the key problem is heat dissipation. In order to keep dry cabinet and reduce damage on circuit board,circular air cooling system is applied to supply high- quality cooling air to the sealed electronic cabinet and control effectively the temperature and humidity in the cabinet with dew- point control and heat- recovery technology of condensation,which could take effects of saving energy and meet requirements for ship- borne electronic equipments' technical indexes,as well as have significant meaning on application promotion of sealed electronic equipments.


Fidelity is the basic object of translation.Cultural fax is the best embodiment of fidelity in translation of culture and considered as the basic principle of it.In translation,both domestication and foreignization cause loss of meaning because of different factors.From the point of view,the paper discusses the influence of domestication and foreignizaiton on translation of culture,the reasons of loss of meaning and the way for achieving cultural fax and a better version.


Pore-pressure variations inside producing reservoirs result in excess stress and strain that cause time shifts of reflected waves. Inversion of seismic data for pressure changes requires better understanding of the dependence of compaction-induced time shifts on reservoir pressure reduction. Here, we investigate pressure-dependent behavior of P-, S-, and PS-wave time shifts from reflectors located above and below a rectangular reservoir embedded in a homogeneous half-space. Our geomechanical modeling algorithm generates the excess stress/strain field and the stress-induced stiffness tensor as linear functions of reservoir pressure. Analysis of time shifts obtained from full-waveform synthetic data shows that they vary linearly with pressure for reflectors above the reservoir, but become nonlinear for reflections from the reservoir or deeper interfaces. Time-shift misfit curves computed with respect to noise-contaminated data from a reference reservoir for a wide range of pressure reductions display well-defined minima. We also evaluate the influence of the reservoir width and third-order stiffness coefficients on time shifts because these parameters will be fixed in the inversion for reservoir pressure. Our results indicate that stable pressure estimation requires including multicomponent time shifts from reflectors below the reservoir and applying a nonlinear global inversion algorithm.


Summary Several activities in geosciences are supported by hard data, which are represented by trustworthy information. However, not all wells offer basic logs such as sonic and density. This kind of information is significant for characterization in reservoir geophysics. This case study proposes a combination of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) tools that constitute a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Ensemble Machine Learning (EML) technique, in the prediction of missing or imputation log data based on the dataset of the Campos Basin. Such machine learning tools are considered robust, fast, and low cost, widely used in several areas. The study explores the combination of MLP and EML in the development of the learning algorithm. The use of MLP was "tuned" with optimal hyperparameters through GridSearch and the EML built through the Voting Estimator technique in a weighted way through the Scikit-learn library. It's selected well logs like sonic, density, porosity, among other information for training. The velocity profile was selected as the prediction target. The best calculation parameters and errors of ensemble machine learners were generated, and thus, to analyze the generalizability of the algorithms. And finally, the EML Results were compared with the test samples.


5010 Background: PSMA-PET was positive for distant metastases (39% distant nodes, 24% bone, 6% visceral organ) in >50% of nmCRPC pts who were nonmetastatic by conventional imaging (Fendler et al. CCR 2019). However, the prognostic impact of PSMA-PET disease extent and its association with oncologic outcomes is unknown. We assessed the prognostic utility of PSMA-PET disease extent in nmCRPC pts defined by conventional imaging for OS and new metastases-free survival (nMFS). Methods: 200 pts (6 centers) with nmCRPC by conventional imaging and prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) ≤10 mo and/or ISUP grade group ≥4 underwent PSMA-PET. Clinical course and treatment management after PSMA-PET imaging were recorded for 4-9 y. Pt characteristics and PSMA-PET disease extent were analyzed retrospectively. OS and PSMA-PET nMFS (time from primary PSMA-PET to appearance of new distant metastases by PSMA-PET or death) were analyzed for pt subgroups based on disease extent by univariate Cox regression. Results: Median OS was 74 mo, similar to the SPARTAN study of nmCRPC pts (74 mo; Smith et al. Eur Urol 2021). Polymetastatic disease (≥5 distant lesions by PSMA-PET) was associated with shorter OS (median 61 mo vs not reached [NR]) and shorter PSMA-PET nMFS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9; median 38 vs 60 mo; p=0.021). Any metastatic disease by PSMA-PET and whole-body PSMA tumor volume were not prognostic for OS and PSMA-PET nMFS (all p>0.05). Initial pN1 status was associated with shorter OS (median 55 mo vs NR), but not with PSMA-PET nMFS (p>0.05). Baseline age, baseline Gleason grade ≥8, prior radiotherapy (RT), and PSA and PSADT at time of primary PSMA-PET were not associated with outcomes (all p>0.05). Management after PSMA-PET imaging was mostly local/targeted therapy in pts with no visible/locoregional disease (40/30%) and androgen receptor signaling inhibition therapy in pts with nodal/bone distant metastases (35/43%). Conclusions: Polymetastases (>5) by PSMA-PET and initial pN1 status were significantly associated with worse OS. PSMA-PET disease extent provides a potential novel additional risk stratification for pts with nmCRPC without distant metastasis based on conventional imaging. Further validation is needed to prove its independent prognostic value. Clinical trial information: NCT01946204 . [Table: see text]


Abstract A differential-harvest regulation was imposed in 1985 on black bass at Cave Run Lake, Kentucky. This regulation put a 15.0-in minimum-size limit on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and removed the size limit on spotted bass M. punctulatus. Our evaluation of this regulation showed it to be effective in managing black bass in Cave Run Lake. Condition of certain sizes of largemouth and spotted bass decreased, angler exploitation of largemouth bass declined, and angler exploitation of the abundant, slow-growing spotted bass increased. Total weight of largemouth bass harvested in 1989 equaled that observed under the former 12.0-in size limit; and large numbers of quality-size (≥ 12.0 in) largemouth bass were caught and released. Electrofishing catch rates increased for all sizes for largemouth bass but declined for spotted bass 9.0 in and longer.


- The Indian Ocean tsunami of 26th December 2004 was the greatest natural disaster ever to hit Sri Lanka. This is considered as the world's first Internet-mediated natural disaster as it got extensive coverage with the power of satellite and Internet technologies. However, the tsunami warning message did not reach the respective coastal communities on time, resulting in massive damage to people and properties. Even though no more tsunamis hit Sri Lanka again, a few early warning and preparedness measures have been taken. Tsunami warningsare generated from tsunami towers and these must provide accurate messages. And the system is supposed to work effectively and accurately to avoid causing panic and unnecessary disruption. The purpose of this research is to identify what factors must be considered to make the tsunami warning system work more effectively. A descriptive research methodology has been used for this research, based on a selected sample from the coastal population in Galle that included 60 cases. The Study has been carried out over a period of eight months and it used a questionnaire as a survey instrument. This study proposes that technology, communication, administration and human resourcesare the most critical factors needed to put in place an effective tsunami warning system in Sri Lanka. This will support government agencies to deploy a wider range of response strategies.


Abstract A new species of Asecodes Förster, A. medogensesp. nov. is described from Tibet, China and A. reticulatum (Kamijo) is reported from China for the first time. A key to all known species of genus Asecodes in China is provided.


The chemical oxygen-iodine laser derives its energy from the reaction of basic hydrogen peroxide with chlorine. The traditional oxygen-iodine laser uses an 'open loop' cycle, in which fresh reactants are furnished in bulk form. This approach is not suitable for a continuously operating laser because supplying fresh reactants and disposing of reaction products are expensive and require significant logistics. This work describes a new concept for continuous in-situ regeneration of chlorine and basic hydrogen peroxide.


The subject of the investigations contained in the article is the concept of melancholy by Walter Benjamin presented in his dissertation The Origin of German Tragic Drama . The reconstruction of the main theses of this concept will be made against the background of psychoanalysis. According to Benjamin, melancholy permeates the entire universe of the baroque drama, signaling the disintegration of the prevailing order. As a symptom of a deep doubt in the sense of the world, it can lead to a catastrophe but also open the space of truth and hope. This ambivalence, or rather the dialectics of the fall and the salvation, will be the main subject of the analysis in the article. In the first part, I will present in more detail Benjamin's approach to melancholy in the context of psychoanalysis (1); then, I will discuss the main forms of reaction to the melancholic experience of the loss paradigmatically shown in the forms of the tyrant (2), the martyr (3), and ghost-phantom (4).


Abstract The presence and impact of bulk and rhizosphere microorganisms in contaminated soils can be huge, given that they have the ability to increase plants tolerance against abiotic stress, and also enhance plant growth, while supporting hastened remediation of disturbed soils. The present study quantitatively and qualitatively assessed presence of cultural fungi and bacteria during phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils using Chromolaena odorata. Stem cuttings of C. odorata were planted in soils polluted with Pb, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu at once (1ESC), thrice (3ESC) and five (5ESC) times their respective ecological screening concentrations (ESC). ESC of Pb, Mn and Zn is 50 mg/kg, Cd is 4 mg/kg, and Cu is 100 mg/kg. After 6 months, results showed that more than 10 species of bacteria and fungi were identified in the study, with P. aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis being the most occurring bacteria while, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger the most occurring fungi in both bulk and rhizospheric soils. The presence of known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plants rhizosphere including Azotobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, Clostridium sp., P. aeruginosa, and Klebsiella sp. was also reported.


Abstract : The construction and operation of an exponential dilution flask for calibration of gas chromatographic detectors is described. With minimum sampling problems, the device is simple to construct and allows determination of analytical curves and also carrier gas flow rates if the detector response is linear with sample concentration. This device also points out flaws in detector systems. (Author)


Taking the sports participants in the city zone of Chenzhou as the research subject,the essay studies the current situation of mass sports in the city.The result shows that the backward in the people's ideal of consumption and scientific exercise makes sports market slowly developed; organization degree affects exercise of participants; people obviously relies on commonweal exercise way; the shortage of field restricts mass sports; the character of zone and humanism affects the sports selected.


A plasma jet has been developed which operates using radio frequency (rf) power and produces a stable homogeneous discharge at atmospheric pressure. Its discharge characteristics, especially the dependence of stable discharge operating range on the feed gas, were studied and the electric parameters such as RMS current, RMS voltage and reflected power were obtained with different gas flows. These studies indicate that there is an optimum range of operation of the plasma jet for a filling with a gas mixture of He and O2. Two ``failure'' modes of the discharge are identified. One is a filamentary arc when the input power is raised above a critical level, another is that the discharge disappears gradually as the addition of O2 approaches 3.2%. Possible explanations for the two failure modes have been given. The current and voltage waveform measurements show that there is a clear phase shift between normal and failure modes. In addition, I–V curves as a function of pure helium and for 1% addition of oxygen have been studied.


The development objective of the Lisungi Safety Nets System Project for Republic of Congo is to strengthen the social safety nets system and its programs aimed at improving both access to health and education services and productivity among poor and vulnerable households in participating areas. The proposed restructuring will (a) remove future obligations of provision of counterpart funds; and (b) increase the percentage of expenditures to be financed from the Credit from 11.8 percent to 100 percent.Removing future obligations will not generate any financing gap since the aforementioned additional finance of USD 10 million was designed to cover the gaps caused by lack of counterparts funds.


Susy Lewis1, Lawrence Lewis1, Elroy Charles2, Robert Skeete1 1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Turkeyen, Greater Georgetown, PO Box 101110, Guyana. 2Guyana Forestry Commission, 1 Water Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana. *Address Correspondent author. Email: email@example.com, Tel. +592 696 6653 Address of Authors: 1Susy Lewis, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Turkeyen, Georgetown, PO BOX 101110, Guyana Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; Tel:+592 688 2845 1Lawrence Lewis Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Turkeyen, Georgetown, PO BOX 101110, Guyana Email: email@example.com; Tel:+592 696 6653 1Robert Skeete, Forestry Training Centre Incorporated C/O Guyana Forestry Commission 1Water Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Tel: +592 679 6686 SCIREA Journal of Geosciences


Receipt for 15 bushels meal and 686 lbs. bacon from Higgenbotham. Receipt for 12 bushels meal Elliot furnished Higgenbotham. Note to ask Elliot for one sack salt at first opportunity. Also, other various writings to W. Elliot and Antonio Locmare, originally in English, some crossed out. Page 206 of letter book.


This work investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) generated by an energy cogeneration process in sugarcane mill as an alternative raw material in soil-cement brick. The SCBA obtained from a sugarcane mill located in southeastern Brazil was characterized with respect to its chemical composition, organic matter content, X-ray diffraction, plasticity, and pozzolonic activity. Soil-cement bricks were prepared by pressing and curing. Later, they were tested to determine technical properties (e.g., volumetric shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and compressive strength), present crystalline phases, and microstructural evolution. It was found that the SCBA contains appreciable amounts of silica (SiO2) and organic matter. The results showed that the SCBA could be used in soil-cement bricks, in the range up to 30 wt. %, as a partial replacement for Portland cement. These results suggest that the SCBA could be valorized for manufacturing low-cost soil-cement bricks.


Cats were anesthetized with either sodium pentobarbital or ketamine hydrochloride, paralyzed, and artifically ventilated. The stellate ganglion was electrically stimulated for one hour (10 V, frequency = 10 per sec, and 0.5 to 1.0 msec pulse duration), alternating periods of stimulation and rest of 20 sec each, while control animals were sham operated. After stimulation, static deflation pressure-volume relationships of the excised lungs were compared. Regardless of the anesthetic used, no change in static lung compliance was found between experimental and control groups, and one hour of stellate stimulation did not produce significant changes in lung volumes at maximum distending pressures, in lung weight/body weight ratios, or in minimum surface tension measurements of lung extracts. We concluded that prolonged intermittent stimulation of the stellate ganglion does not alter significantly the function of alveolar surfactant.


Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of the time-delay estimation (TDE) technique to locate and track acoustic sources in a reverberant environment. Typically, the delay estima...


Through the restoration of the head residence of UiSong Kims in Nae-Ap, An-Dong, this study
searches for the characteristics of architectural form, site planning and spatial layout of the building
at the original state. As a consequence, what I find is as follows; 1)At the front of the present
buildings, Sarangchae and Haengrangchae, estimated to be about 40Kans, were existed. 2)The
building known as Sarangchae at present is Jechung (a buildig for the rituals) at the original state.
3)The plan of Ahnchae at original state was not ' ' shape but ' ' shape, and maru at present is
enlarged later.


Abstract Since 1821, the starting-point for Rosenberg's study, more or less complete series of information about migrants have been preserved in the parishes of the county of Uusimaa (Nyland), in the form of lists of persons moving out of or into the parish or change-of-domicile certificates filed by the migrants in the registry office of the parish to which they moved. It ends at roughly the time when publication of official migration statistics began in Finland (1878). The later years of the period coincide with the industrial take-off, so that the study deals almost exclusively with the pre-industrial period. Very little attention has been paid in previous research to the migratory movement of that period, one reason being the illusion that the migratory movement was caused by industrialisation and, accordingly, that the scale of migration was very small before the take-off. The main reason, however, must surely be the absence of accessible statistics. The primary material is dispersed in hundreds of c...


This is an environmental assessment of the Northern Sumatra Regional Roads Project (NSRRP), which supports improvements in national, provincial, and kabupaten road networks across the region, emphasizing strategic links and network development, and improving and integrating planning procedures for all road networks in the region. The report notes that assessing the serious impacts road construction will cause has been constrained by the dictates of official government guidelines (hence recommendations for environmental mitigations reported here are considered faulty). Routine negative impacts generally specific to road construction include the following: 1) riverbed or coastal erosion; 2) noise and dust pollution, contamination of the drinking water supply, and disruption to indigenous communities; and 3) indirect impacts associated with increased accessibility, such as harvesting of forest products. Potential project-specific impacts include: 1) increased potential for erosion and landslides; 2) the downstream changes in the hydrological regime resulting from forest clearance; 3) increased access for exploiting natural resources, such as illegal logging and firewood collection in protected forests, and illegal hunting of endangered and protected wildlife; land clearing for unsustainable forms of agriculture, and uncontrolled encroachment into protected areas; 4) increased damage to fragile ecological habitats; and habitat fragmentation caused by the road barrier; and 5) displacement and relocation, and disruption particularly affecting indigenous and isolated communities. In the case of biological impacts, careful screening is planned to ensure that the direct loss of flora and fauna will be limited to that caused by land clearing. Impacts on the biological composition of water bodies will be mitigated by implementing technical guidelines, such as using culverts, avoiding pollution, etc. More significant and indirect impacts predicted to occur, from improved access into forest areas, for example, will be mitigated by environmental management and monitoring plans as covered, for the most part, under Indonesia s environmental legislation. To control erosion, retaining walls will be erected, although these reportedly will very likely create scars in the national park. To reduce disturbance to the fauna and flora during construction, working hours will be controlled, and the space required by the road limited. To reduce damage to the national park, proposed mitigation measures include a buffer zone of cultivated trees on both sides of the road; strict supervision of park visitors; guard posts at the park entrance and centrally to control illegal logging or land clearance (or wildlife capture); and developing economic facilities in the surrounding communities to reduce the need to find work opportunities in the forest. The assessment concludes that these measures are unlikely to prevent serious damage to the watershed, the forest, or to the national park; therefore strong environmental grounds exist to reject any recommendations to construct new roads in mountain forests, until there is the institutional capacity to ensure that mitigation measures can be effectively implemented, and no further damage occur.


During the four decades of independence the Indian industrial economy has failed to emerge as the leading sector. Sectoral shares in termiis of incomne generation have altered but the relative losses of the primary sector are largely gained by the tertiary sector with only marginal gains for the secondary sector. The industrial econonfy has all the symptoms of a high cost economy, lacking in vitality and prone to sickness. It is argued that the conditions that could make the industrial system the engine of growth are virtually non-existent. Government policy has been excessively preoccupied with spatial and scalar considerations with scant attention to efficiency. This in turn has led to some unhealthy features like a distorted pattern of development, technological stagnation, low productivity and exploitative production relations.


Marriage, certainly with an interracial and same-sex focus, is much more than a legal topic. [n order to maintain an interdisciplinary approach to this thesis, sources from several fields were used. Scholarly articles were consulted from the disciplines oflaw and psychology, several philosophical essays were analyzed and applied, books discussing the social phenomena associated with gender identities and the mle of law were used, as were over 15 high court opinions from relevant cases. All works were studied and evaluated as sources that would adequately contribute to the formulation of a multi-faceted social/legal/philosophical analysis of same sex marriage. I wanted to examine how various professions treated the topic of same sex marriage so that I would not be limited to a specific perspective; this essay takes a step back and looks at the big picture, examines why it looks the way it does and hopes to elaborate on what it will and should look like in the future. Neutrality is an important ideal to strive for but, with a topic as divisive as the one treated in this essay, it is rarely achieved. The language used will be non-partisan, but the message is meant not to be. This work is an appeal to reason for all readers. It promotes thought and expansive reflection, not division. It is merely a presentation of facts that I believe point in a certain direction legally, morally and logically.


— Live streaming is a relatively new business model, which allows vendors to face and interact with consumers in real-time directly. Live streaming has continued to increase rapidly in recent years in China. There are still limited studies on live streaming towards the consumer decision-making process. This study focuses on the consumer decision process in live streaming commerce. An online survey was implemented, and 200 responses were collected. In this study using the structural equation modelling, the results indicate that the perceived benefits of watching live streaming positively correlate with willingness to buy online. In addition, there is a positive relationship between positive electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and willingness to buy online. These two parts of the discussion are appropriate to live streaming strategy and positive eWOM. Furthermore, this paper finally provides some managerial and practical findings based on our findings. By examining live streaming on consumer purchase behaviour, this study enriches the theoretical understanding of live streaming in e-commerce.


The magic of Vesalius's De Humani Corporis Fabrica lies not so much in the marvellous dissections and illustrations, but in the understanding that this one man virtually invented human anatomy.1 True, Leonardo da Vinci had undertaken human dissections with great difficulties from church and state; but though important, they were not comprehensive. De Fabrica was published in 1543 in seven books written in Latin. Not only is it a singular, original piece of scholarship,2 but it is also a work of beauty, bearing fine woodcuts and copperplate illustrations of his dissections— probably the creations of Jan Stephan Kalkar, a student of Titian.3 For many years Dr William Richardon, a classicist, and Professor John Carman, an anatomist, have been collaborating on the first full translation of De Fabrica into English. Book I was published in 1998 and Book II in 1999. Now we have Books III and IV.4 Vesalius was highly critical of, and at times rude about, the publications of his contemporaries. He took issue with Galen's sacrosanct authority on several matters in a 1540 translation into Latin of his works on nerves, arteries, veins and dissection. Vesalius's Books III and IV indicate many discrepancies between the received wisdom, descended from Galen almost unchanged, and the observations of his own detailed, laborious dissections. He denounced the unquestioning acceptance of Galenic doctrine, because Galen's descriptions were founded mainly on observations made not in man but in oxen and sheep. In his time, arteries, veins and nerves were collectively regarded as vessels: Greek angeia, Latin uasa or uascula—the 'threesome of vessels'. In an informative preface Richardson discloses that this concept troubled Vesalius, because originally he failed to find a lumen in nerves (vide infra) whereas arteries and veins contained hollow channels; however, he continued to use this traditional grouping, and his notions of physiology followed historical precepts. A crucial example was the ancient word spirit, spiritus, translated from the Greek pneuma, used by Galen and meaning air in motion. The pneuma according to Erasistratus was inhaled into the lungs and then to the heart's left ventricle where it was changed into the vital spirit distributed by the aorta. The Erasistratean view was that arteries contain the vital spirit, veins blood, and nerves the animal spirit, and this is one of the puzzling aspects of Vesalius's account. He names the pulmonary artery or trunk vena arterialis and the pulmonary vein arteria venalis. But in chapter 15 of Book III he explains that this contradiction arises in relation to the function rather than the structure of these vessels. Another issue was Galen's account of the rete mirabile, essential to Galen's concepts of the brain's circulation. Vesalius set out to demonstrate the rete at his public dissections:


We examine the perceptions of Roma adolescents on health, well-being and quality of life (QoL) and how the Roma managed their own life situation within these areas. The data, which consists of interviews, was analysed through content analysis. The most common understanding of health and well-being was to feel good, secure and happy. A wide social network of family and friends was seen as an additional element. The respondents perceived their own health and well-being to be good. A feeling of freedom, the ability to make decisions independently and the possibilities for education and employment were the most important elements of QoL. Quality of life was perceived to have something to do with values and beliefs in the future. Social support from family and friends were the most frequently used coping strategies. The perceptions of the Roma adolescents on health, well-being and QoL turned out to be quite similar to the perceptions of the non-Roma adolescents.


Objective
To establish a stable lung cancer A549 cell line transfected by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression vector, and to observe the effect of AMPK on proliferation as well as on the invasive ability of A549 cells.

Methods
Full-length of AMPK gene was amplified and its target gene was digested, then inserted into the GV358 plasmid. Co-tranfected 293T cells were subjected to the lentivirus equipment package. Subsequently, we collected the lentivirus supernatant to infect the A549 cells and establish a stably, overexpressed cell line A549. The mRNA and protein of AMPK were examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The proliferation and invasion abilities of A549 cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl thiazolium (MTT) and Transwell assay.

Results
GV358-AMPK lentivirus vectors was successfully constructed by restrictive enzyme digestion and plasmid sequencing. There were significantly increased expressions of AMPK protein (5.87 times, P=0.002) and mRNA (16.12 times, P<0.001) after transfected with GV358-AMPK compared with the Vector group. Meanwhile, AMPK overexpression showed significantly lower proliferation (the forth day: 0.53±0.03 vs. 0.64±0.05, P=0.021; the fifth day: 0.58±0.04 vs. 0.80±0.07, P=0.002) and weaken invasive ability [(1.6±0.5)×105vs. (3.4±0.3)×105,P=0.004] of A549 cells.

Conclusion
The lentiviral AMPK expression vector and its A549 cell line is successfully constructed. AMPK overexpression inhibits the proliferation and invasive ability of A549 cells.

Key words:
Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Lentivirus; Cell proliferation; AMP-activated protein kinase


A model is presented for investigating the overall quasi-static behavior of tethers, the anchoring elements for a Tension Leg Platform, TLP. Effects of tether weight and curvature, and current drag loads for deepwater TLP's are examined. Design formulas are presented for estimating offset, set down, and the tether tension variation resulting from these motions.


Cover opening and closing device (1) includes an apparatus body (2), and lock-off mechanism (30), the container fixing portion (80). The apparatus main body, a container body (71), a lid portion forming an openable and closable bottom to the container body (72), lock mechanism for unlocking and locking of the lid relative to the container body and (74), the pod (70) is placed with. Tablets closing mechanism, by moving the engaging portion to be engaged (35) to the lock mechanism when the pod is placed on the apparatus body, unlocking operation for causing the unlocking to the locking mechanism, and to lock operation for causing the locking to the lock mechanism. Container fixing portion, when to perform unlocking the lock mechanism, in conjunction with the lock-off mechanism, to fix the container body to the apparatus main body.


Costal resorts are main regions penetrated by touri sts in Poland. The reception values of the coastal resorts are mainly predestinated to the holiday tou rism (3 S from English words ‐ sea, sun, sand). Tourist traffic in coastal resorts has seasonal cha racter. The first goal of this article was to show the range of the spatial influence and tourists' percep tion of the tourist coastal resort exemplified by Ustka. Second goal was to determine the tourists way of pe rceiving Ustka considering theirs demographic and socioeconomic features. The results proved the strong position of Ustka as one of the most popular Polish coastal resorts indicating the wide range of its spatial tourist influence.


their stress on the cosmo-ecological balance by regarding all natural phenomena as belonging to the same ontological relational family with stars regarded as sisters-in-law, monkeys as little-brothers, and yam honored as mother. While addressing this issue of cultural resiliency, the text distinguishes the Rautes from the surrounding Hindu villagers on varied levels. Also, it points out how the Rautes are caught in an interplay between the old and the new eras and how the resiliency is not just a matter of maintaining the cultural past but adaptation of themselves in the dynamic present: "Some Rautes adopt villager objects while others favor maintaining the old ways: some welcome tennis shoes, jewelry, and tobacco available from farmers; others keep as distant from villagers as possible and eschew village accoutrements" (p. 169). Further, the Rauteness also varies according to many factors, such as degree of interaction with non-Raute communities, political pressures, historical territories, economic situation, and the availability of forest resources (p. 29). The study of this unique community opens up other research possibilities on the remaining Rautes residing in Nepal and India. The writer's assumptions that Rautes' cultural practices closely match with those of Austro-Asiatic-speaking forest foragers from northern India but their language is much more closely related to Tibeto-Burmese-derived vocabulary and syntax require further studies. It is also important to make a well-grounded comparative study of their language with those of other communities who tried to maintain similar lifestyles and to analyze their linguistic and cultural variations for charting out the possible trajectory of the history of migration, or co-existence of several indigenous communities, in South Asia. Finally, this study also inspires one for further research on such areas as Rautes' songs, stories, dances, verbal art forms, and healing practices which form important aspects of their living culture.


In recent years, with the degree of the aged phenomenon becoming more serious, the nursing homes are developing rapidly, the scale is expanding and the management also tends to intelligent gradually. For the care and management requirement, a location-help system for the elderly based on ZigBee is designed in this paper, which realized the functions such as inside and outside positioning, falling detection, emergency call and so on. The business management system is developed by using .NET technology, which supports daily business management functions. And integrating the two parts, a set of intelligent nursing home integrated management system has been formed. Application of these functions will effectively improve the management levels and service levels of nursing home, and build a security and humanistic environment to the elderly.


There has been much recent interest in analyzing the performance of LDPC codes in channels with memory. Density evolution (DE) may be used to analyze estimation-decoding algorithms employing the Sum-Product Algorithm for LDPC codes in Gilbert-Elliott (GE) channels. In this paper, we provide theoretical results which mitigate the complexity of characterizing the 4-dimensional GE parameter space using DE. For each point in the parameter space which is shown by DE to converge to Pe → 0, we show that a region of convergence is induced, within which all points also converge to Pe → 0. Conversely, for points found not to converge, we show that a region of non-convergence is induced. Using these results, the GE parameter space is partitioned into a region of convergence, a region of nonconvergence, and an uncertain region, which guides the selection of new points to test using DE.


Modeling of multiple via coupling is an important problem in the design of high-speed interconnect systems. It is known that the inter-via coupling has non-negligible effects on the signal integrity of high-speed circuits. In this paper, we investigate first order multi-via coupling based on a two-coupled-vias model. Analytical results are compared with experimental data up to 5GHz. Transient waveforms were obtained for reflection and transmission for trapezoidal and Gaussian input.


From the Treaty on European Union (1992) to the Treaty of Lisbon (2007), democracy became a central element in the constitutionalization of the European Union. Over these twenty-five years, democracy was embedded in the institutions and practices of the European Union in two primary respects. First, following the controversial the ratification of the TEU, a series of treaty reforms were introduced to address the EU's "democratic deficit." These reforms culminated in the Lisbon Treaty. Second, in response to the political revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe the European Union made the transfer of democratic forms of rule to non-member states a key component of its membership policy. It is now the case that only democratic countries can be members in the democratic Union. This dissertation investigates the origins of some of the key ideas that led to these transformations.


Maternal and Child Health Access Disparities Among Recent African Immigrants in the United States by Bakali Mukasa MSc, Makerere University, 2011 BA, Makerere University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University May 2016


Based on the empirical traffic flow data on the second Ring Road in Beijing,the distribution characteristic of traffic congestion duration was analyzed.The hazard-based traffic congestion duration model was established through survival analysis method.The duration time of traffic congestion was estimated and the temporal-spatial distribution was studied using non-parametric method.The results show that 70% of the congestion durations of road segments on the second Ring Road are not longer than four minutes.89% of the congestion durations are not longer than 12 minutes.The hazard rate is less than 10% when the duration is longer than 12 minutes.The occurrence frequency of congestion on weekday is longer than that on weekend.Both the occurrence frequency and the duration of traffic congestion at morning peak are longer than those at evening peak.The occurrence frequency of congestion on the inner ring is longer than that on the outer ring while the congestion duration on the outer ring is longer than the duration on the inner ring.In the four directions of the second Ring Road,the occurrence frequency of congestion in the west is longest.The congestion duration in the north is longest.


Prevalence of airborne fungal spores with their seasonal periodicity in the extra and intramural environments of a saw mill of Pondicherry region was carried out by gravitation method from January 2011 to December 2011. Composition and concentration of fungal spores considerably varied from indoors to outdoors as well as from season to season. Indoor air harbored maximum fungal spores (61%) in comparison to outdoor air (39%). Occurrence of fungal species was predominated with more number of propagules during mid winter (December) and early rainy (July) periods in comparison to other months. Quantitatively, Cladosporium was found with the highest frequency and had four members i.e., C. cladosporioides, C. herbarum, C. resinae, C. sphaerospermum but qualitatively, Penicilli and aspegilii were isolated highest in its contribution to total CFUs. Out of the 32 isolated fungal taxa, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were the predominant aeroallergens which cause different types of respiratory/lung diseases in atopic human beings were isolated. In seasonal periodicity, winter contributed the maximum spore load (41%) followed by rainy (33%), summer was found with the least (26%) in harboring the spore mass in the indoors and outdoors. Alternaria alternata, which is accounted as a human allergen for sporosis inducer and an agent for hay fever and other pathologies, was also intermittently recorded. A few plant pathogenic fungi like Helmithosporium sp. & Fusarium spp, saprophytic, field and storage fungi were also recorded during the study period. Effect of meteorological parameters on the fungal spores in the saw mill atmosphere was significantly assessed by Pearsons correlation coefficient analysis.


In this paper, we propose a mobility model and present its simulation tool to generate realistic mobility traces for mobile ad hoc network. The mobility model is capable of creating realistic node movement pattern in the presence of geographic constraints by exploiting the concepts of anchors. The model dynamically places anchors depending upon the context of the environment through which nodes are guided to move towards the destination, and obstacles of arbitrary shapes with or without doorways and any existing pathways, in full or part of the terrain can be incorporated which makes the simulation environment more realistic. The characteristics of the proposed mobility model tested on a real world university campus map at various movement patterns are presented that illustrate the impact of the mobility model on the performance of a routing protocol and usefulness of the proposed scenario generation tool.


Fe(subscript 100-x)Co(subscript x) (x=15, 35, 50) alloys of ultra-fine particles are synthesized by mechanical alloying. Studies of X-ray diffraction spectra are carried out for all the samples. The crystallite size is determined by Cauchy distribution function. The values of crystallite size range from 9nm to 12nm. The lattice constants are calculated. Magnetic hysteresis curves are measured for different compositions. Analysis has shown b. c. c. monophase of α-Fe in the composition of x=15, 35, 50. H(subscript c) of the samples is low and M(subscript s) is high. The effective magnetic anisotropy K(subscript e) is analysed by applying the law of approaching saturation and the atomic magnetic moment of the samples is calculated. All these indicate that the samples have superior intrinsic properties of soft magnetic materials.


Stimulated emission ion dip (SEID) and stimulated Raman-UV optical double-resonance spectroscopies have been applied to study the intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) of jet-cooled p-alkylphenoIs and p-alkylanilines in the S 0 state. The IVR rate constant has been estimated vs the alkyl chain length (from methyl group to hexyl group) and vibrational energy (from 500 to 1500 cm -1 ). The vibrational modes excited were those by localized in the benzene ring


The aim of this study was to isolate and identify culturable bacterial endophytes from sugarcane grown in saline and non-saline soil and assay some plant growth-related traits and evaluate selective isolate potential to improve growth, yield and grain phosphorus uptake of wheat. Endophytic bacteria associated with sugarcane grown in saline and non-saline soil were isolated from roots, stems and leave and tested for their ability to fix nitrogen, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and dissolution of insoluble phosphorus. A total of 55 endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves, stems, and roots of sugarcane from saline and nonsaline soil. The results revealed a prevalence of Bacillaceae, with Bacillus sp. being the most frequently isolated bacterium. Salinity had the effect on bacterial community structure with the higher diversity of root entophytic bacteria in saline soils. From the isolates, four strains were shown to produce IAA and 19 strains showed the ability to solubilize phosphate, but twelve isolates having the best characteristics tests were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. From the isolates Pseudomonas sp. SugS_49 with more phosphorus dissolution ability selected for evaluation on wheat growth. Application of Pseudomonas sp. SugS_49 caused increased growth, grain yield and phosphorus uptake of wheat.


Introduction In recent years demand for accountability and transparency has increased in most industrialized countries. The pressure on public budgets has led governments to control and pursue efficiency and productivity in the allocation and management of public sector resources (Bonaccorsi & Daraio, 2005). This public concern has forced government to take responsibility for evaluation and control of public funding institutions. Governments have started to develop evaluation systems and programs to control these institutions, systems that are proving beneficial for the design of policy to improve the effectiveness of funding institutions. There is a wide range of public institutions involved. Education institutions are of interest because education, especially higher education, is one of the main sources of economic growth (Denison, 1962). Verry & Davies (1976, p.1.) comment that "Universities are major users of the nation's resources. Inefficiency in the university sector represents a real welfare loss as surely as does the misallocation of resources elsewhere in the economy.


In The Order of Things, Foucault failed to distinguish between modern and modernist moments in the epoch beginning around 1800 because he attributed interiority as an epistemic principle to the modern age when this is modernism's defining feature. Instead, the scalar effects of demographic, scientific, and industrial revolutions define modernity as people came to experience it in their daily lives. Transformations in scale provoked the institutional development of lateral frames or levels. Modern states as nations occupy one level. Hegel took the revolutionary step of merging people as a collective singular with state as an apparatus, thereby granting the state-nation the agency of an "actual individual." The society of state-nations stands a level above, people as individuals in various arrangements fill the level below. The central mechanism in making the modern epoch an age of levels is recognition of states by states.


This report describes the work that's been made, in cooperation with Sapa Industriservice AB, to modernize the lighting installation in a specific office building at Sapa industrial park in Finspang, known as Building 80. The purpose of the work was to reduce the energy consumption of the lighting. As in many other old buildings nothing has been done to avoid unnecessary energy consumption and today's rising energy prices and tougher environmental standards requires an increased awareness of the energy consumption.The report begins with a brief theory section to clarify the methods available to control the lighting, followed by a description of the existing installation, how the specification for the lighting control was developed and how a test installation was carried out. The report is concluded by the results from the test installation and proposals on how to proceed with the work.The work has shown that there are big profits to do if the energy consumption is taken into account already in the planning of a new installation, and that it may be hard to achieve good results while trying to use the existing installation to reduce the investment cost during a renovation.


Mobile ad hoc networks consist of a collection of mobile nodes which can move freely. These nodes can be dynamically self- organized into arbitrary topology networks without a fixed infrastructure. Due to high mobility of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, there exist frequent link breakages which lead to frequent path failures and route discoveries. The overhead of a route discovery cannot be neglected. We propose neighbor coverage based probabilistic rebroadcast protocol for reducing routing overhead in MANETs. In order to effectively exploit the neighbor coverage knowledge, we propose a novel rebroadcast delay to determine the rebroadcast order, and then we can obtain the more accurate additional coverage ratio by sensing neighbor coverage knowledge.


The flowering ecology of south-east Australian melliferous (honey) flora was studied, using observational data from our most experienced beekeepers. Short-term variation and long-term trends were observed which may have critical ecological implications. The study is a significant contribution to flowering ecology and provides an important foundation to guide future research.


This paper focuses on the value of an omnichannel retailing option, Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store (BOPS), in reducing environmental impact. Analytical models were established to explore the impacts of the BOPS strategy on the pricing and expected profit of the dual-channel retailer as well as the environment. The equilibrium solutions under dual-channel and omnichannel scenarios were obtained. Then, we considered the impact of loyal store consumers in the extended model. We find that the retailer will increase the product price after adopting the BOPS strategy. Our analytical results also show that when the operating cost of the BOPS strategy is relatively low, the total demand under the omnichannel scenario is greater than that under the dual-channel scenario and vice versa. In addition, this strategy can always reduce the environmental impact in terms of the pure online demand. Finally, when the operating cost is lower and the fraction of consumers without channel preference is higher, the retailer can benefit from the BOPS strategy. In this case, the BOPS strategy can achieve profit improvement and environmental impact reduction.


Narrative understanding is a hard problem for artificial intelligence that requires deep semantic understanding of natural language and broad world knowledge. Early research in this area stalled due to the difficulty of knowledge engineering and a trend in the field towards robustness at the expense of depth. This work explores how a practical integration of more recent resources and theories for natural language understanding can perform deep semantic interpretation of narratives when guided by specific pragmatic constraints. It shows how cognitive models can provide pragmatic context for narrative understanding in terms of well-defined reasoning tasks, and how those tasks can be used to guide interpretation and evaluate understanding.
This work presents an implemented system, EA NLU, which has been used to interpret narrative text input to cognitive modeling simulations. EA NLU integrates existing large-scale knowledge resources with a controlled grammar and a compositional semantic interpretation process to generate highly expressive logical representations of sentences. Delayed disambiguation and representations from dynamic logic are used to separate this compositional process from a querydriven discourse interpretation process that is guided by pragmatic concerns and uses world knowledge. By isolating explicit points of ambiguity and using limited evidential abduction, this query-driven process can automatically identify the disambiguation choices that entail relevant interpretations. This work shows how this approach maintains computational tractability without sacrificing expressive power. EA NLU is evaluated through a series of experiments with two cognitive models, showing that it is capable of meeting the deep reasoning requirements those models pose, and that the constraints provided by the models can effectively guide the interpretation process. By enforcing consistent interpretation principles, EA NLU benefits the cognitive modeling experiments by reducing the opportunities for tailoring the input.
This work also explores the use of a theory of narrative functions as a heuristic guide to interpretation in EA NLU. In contrast to potentially global task-specific queries, these narrative functions can be inferred on a sentence-by-sentence basis, providing incremental disambiguation. This method is evaluated by interpreting a set of Aesop's fables, and showing that the interpretations are sufficient to capture the intended lesson of each fable.


IP - PCA is protocol converter A. It converts 16 numbers of PCM (2M/S) china NO. 7 Signaling to a (10/ 100 M/S) Ethernet interface of IP signaling protocol. this theme mainly explain application of H. 323 module in the IP - PCA, such as H. 323 protocol call processing. It realize conversation through Internet using H. 323 conversation protocol.


A canonical transformation changes variables such as coordinates and momenta to new variables preserving either the Poisson bracket or the commutation relations depending on whether the problem is classical or quantal respectively. Classically canonical transformations are well established as a powerful tool for solving differential equations. Quantum canonical transformations have been defined and used relatively recently because of the non-commutativeness of the quantum variables. Three elementary canonical transformations and their composite transformations have quantum implementations. Quantum canonical transformations have been mostly used in time-independent Schrodinger equations and a harmonic oscillator with time-dependent angular frequency is probably the only time-dependent problem solved by these transformations. In this work, we apply quantum canonical transformations to a harmonic oscillator in which both angular frequency and equilibrium position are time-dependent.


Reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) is a suboptimal modification of the Viterbi algorithm (VA) which reduces the computational complexity of maximum likelihood sequence estimation. However, the maximum achievable throughput of RSSE may be significantly lower than the VA, as in addition to the add-compare-select function the critical path comprises branch metric computation, survivor memory operations, and decision-feedback calculation, This paper shows that precomputation of branch metrics can shorten the critical path of RSSE such that its delay becomes of the same order as the VA.


PurposeBased on the dynamic capability theory, our study tries to explore the mediator mechanism of service supply chain dynamic capability between market orientation and service innovation performance, as well as the boundary conditions in which service supply chain dynamic capability plays a role, in order to reveal the key elements and their mechanisms for manufacturing enterprises to improve service performance.Design/methodology/approachWith a total of 317 valid questionnaires, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the research model and hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical results confirm that the three types of service supply chain dynamic capability (environment insight capability, resource integration capability and resource reconfiguration capability) can partially mediate the relationship between firm market orientation (responsive and proactive market orientations) and service innovation performance. In addition, supply chain collaboration has different types of moderator effects on the relationship between the three types of service supply chain dynamic capability and service innovation performance.Originality/valueThis research discovers that market orientation and dynamic capability are the key factors leading to high service performance and reveals the mediating role of service supply chain dynamic capability between market orientation and service innovation performance. Moreover, this research explores the moderating role of supply chain collaboration in service supply chain resource reconfiguration capability and service innovation performance.


In-plane retardation and out-of-plane retardation by optically anisotropic medium are generally measured with the Mueller polarimeter. We proposed a method for measuring the in-plane retardation and out-of-plane retardation using the Stokes polarimeter. The suggested method requires no polarization state generator, simplifying the measurement system. The retardation measured with the Stokes polarimeter was compared with the data measured with the Mueller polarimeter, and their difference was less than 2.5 nm ( $0.005\lambda$ ). In addition, the suggested method can find the orientation of the slow axis of the retarder and the order of retardation. Although the conventional methods require measurements at multiple wavelengths to distinguish the order of the retardation, the suggested method can find the exact retardation using data at a single wavelength of light.


Purpose: To report the risk factors associated with occurrence of anterior chamber collapse in aphakic eyes that underwent vitrectomy with gas tamponade. Methods: A total of 314 eyes of 314 patients who underwent vitrectomy with gas tamponade and who were aphakic or were made aphakic intraoperatively were studied prospectively. Factors such as iris and pupillary integrity, depth of anterior chamber, gonioscopic grading, behavior of the anterior chamber on the operation table during fluid–air exchange, removal of crystalline lens or intraocular lens during surgery, and type of internal tamponade were noted. The anterior chamber was assessed postoperatively in supine and sitting position and with head bent forward. Statistical methods were used to identify risk factors for development of postoperative anterior chamber collapse using SPSS soft ware. Results: Anterior chamber collapse occurred in 13 eyes (3.14%). Presence of preoperative shallow anterior chamber, removal of intraocular lens as a part of the procedure, occurrence of intraoperative anterior chamber collapse, and use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were associated with higher risk of anterior chamber collapse postoperatively. Conclusions: The identification of potential risk factors in a given eye can alert the surgeon to the possibility of development of anterior chamber collapse postoperatively.


Breast cancer is a fatal disease causing high mortality in women. By applying data mining techniques people can work on the extraction of hidden, historical and previously unknown large databases. The development of the technique have promised towards intelligent component in medical decision support systems. Here efficient information have been mined from the machine learning. ANN has been widely used in breast cancer diagnosis. In the proposed system the desired output were chosen and applied to ANN for preprocessing, classification and so on. The breast cancer data set from UCI data sets will be used to demonstrate different activities. Keywords— ArtificialNeuralNetwork,ANN,DataMining,BreastCancer


Abstract We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of forest birds infected with avian pox at 16 locations on Hawaii, from sea level to tree line in mesic and xeric habitats, during 1977–1980. Isolates from lesions were cultured in the laboratory for positive identification of Poxvirus avium. Infected birds from the wild were brought into the laboratory to assess differences in the course of infection in native versus introduced species. We also documented distributions and activity cycles of potential avian pox vectors.>Native forest birds were (1) more susceptible to avian pox infection than were introduced species, (2) most likely to be infected during the wet season, and (3) found to have a higher prevalence in mesic when compared to xeric forests. Avian pox occurred in forest birds at all elevations, but highest levels were in the mid-elevational ranges (∼1,200 m) where vectors and native birds had the greatest overlap. Temporal and elevational differences in prevalence were apparent throughout the annual cycle. Avian pox probably did not reach epizootic proportions on Hawaii until after introduction of the mosquito and domestic birds in the early 1800s, and since then has had a negative effect on the population dynamics of native forest birds. Today, this introduced disease is an important factor that should be considered in future conservation efforts that are directed at the recovery of native forest birds in Hawaii.


We report the mild hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs). The method reported here shows great versatility and can be used to grow TiO2 NRAs on a large diversity of substrates including Si, Si/SiO2, sapphire, Si pillars, and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-covered glass. The average diameter and length of the nanorods prepared at typical conditions are ∼60 nm and 400 nm, respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells assembled with the TiO2 NRAs grown on the FTO-covered glass as photoanode were prepared with a photoconversion efficiency of ∼1.10%.


Reducing the testing, strengthening the comprehensive and design and research experiments, this paper deals with the systematic reform and practice of the botany experiments in order to cultivate students creative ability and brazing new trails spirit.


Excavations on Monte do Facho is part of a greater project about the romanization of indigenous sanctuaries in the western part of Hispania. The first campaign led to the discovering of the sanctuary itself, in which the formerly unknown deity Berobreus was worshipped. About 57 altars have been found, some of them in situ. Further, the exact settings of the altars could be observed. Some of the settings are placed in an enclosure. The sanctuary dates from the III rd and IV th century A. D. and has been built on the ruins of an formerly abandoned castro.


Oxidation of the previously prepared olefinic alcohol 26 with chromium trioxide – pyridine in dichloromethane containing trifluoroacetic acid gave the tricyclic ketone 29 as the major product. Hydroxylation of the latter, followed by reduction of the resulting α-hydroxy ketone 31, afforded a 1:1 mixture of (+)-cis- (22) and (+)-trans-sativenediol (23). In view of earlier synthetic transformations reported by a number of different researchers, the present work also constitutes formal total syntheses of the enantiomers of the following sesquiterpenoids: (−)-helminthosporal (1), (−)-helminthosporol (2), prehelminthosporal (3), prehelminthosporal diethyl acetal (4), (−)-victoxinine (8), and (−)-isosativenediol (19).


Fault seal analysis as a pplied to exploration has traditionally been viewed as a tool to quantify the trap risk of fault bounded structures. Any complexity due to intra-reservoir faulting is often dealt with post discovery or even post appraisal after surprises during early production. This talk will illustrate a workflow for the assessment of intrareservoir seal risk remote from well control and will discuss the impacts on value. With modern 3-D seismic data a significant proportion of the intra-prospect faults can be interpreted producing a fault framework of the main target. The fault properties applied to the framework will be dependant upon the stratigraphic variation, geohistory and the rheology of the lithologies at the time of faulting. Fault zone clay contents obtained from a range of prospect specific depositional models integrated with the fault framework and a fault zone clay percentage estimation technique. The workflow provides a range of sub-surface models that can be developed into initial fluid flow models to test the impact of production. In complexly faulted traps it maybe necessary to discuss sensitivities in sub-areas and scale the effects to the prospect as a whole. The model can be used to assess production rates and ultimate recovery with a given well drilling program. Hypothetical well placements, numbers of production wells and aquifer assumptions can be varied to optimize the model. This workflow allows rapid assessment of the value of exploration prospects with a high probability of compartmentalization and informed decisions to be taken at an early stage.


A small and low profile patch antenna in low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) is presented. Wide bandwidth and stable boresight radiation pattern is realized installing a metal cavity with corrugated walls. The cavity suppresses surface wave propagations and a boresight radiation is obtained. The corrugated walls realize a wide bandwidth. In simulation, the return loss below -10 dB in the frequency band from 57 to 65 GHz and the gain of around 5 dBi are calculated from 57 to 64 GHz. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 2.2 × 2.2 mm square including the cavity and the thickness of the substrate is 0.28 mm.


Conventional vector array beamforming(VCBF) is able to solve the notorious port–starboard(PS) ambiguity problem of the ordinary single linear array. But, the beamwidth of VCBF is restricted by Rayleigh limit, VCBF can not distinguish the multi-targets in the same beam. Vector array steered minimum variance(VSTMV) beamforming is a wideband adaptive beamforming method with high-resolution and anti-jamming capability. However, the VSTMV beamforming implemented in the element-domain causes heavy computational load and low robustness, so it is not suitable for real-time implementation and application in sonar engineering. In this paper, an algorithm of VSTMV beamforming implemented in the sub-array domain(called SAVSTMV beamforming) is proposed, with which the computational load can be reduced and the robustness improved. The better performance of SAVSTMV beamforming over VCBF is proved through theoretical analysis and simulation calculation, which makes the proposed algorithm suitable for practical applications.


10007 Background: Four-year disease free survival (DFS) for patients with B-ALL classified as VHR is approximately 70%. Strategies to improve DFS with intensive post-Induction therapy using fractionated cyclophosphamide (CPM), etoposide (ETOP) and CLOF were evaluated on AALL1131. Methods: AALL1131 enrolled patients 1-30 years old with newly diagnosed HR B-ALL. The VHR subset was randomly assigned post-Induction to the Control Arm (CA) with modified BFM CPM + fractionated cytarabine + mercaptopurine, Experimental Arm 1 (Exp1) with CPM + ETOP, or Experimental Arm 2 (Exp2) with CLOF (30 mg/m2x 5 days) + CPM + ETOP during Part 2 of Consolidation (CON) and Delayed Intensification. All arms included identical doses of vincristine and pegaspargase. Results: The rates of Grade 4/5 infection and Grade 3/4 pancreatitis were significantly increased in Exp2 compared to CA and Exp1 (Table). The dose of CLOF was subsequently reduced from 30 to 20 mg/m2x 5 days and myeloid growth factor was required following CLOF admin...


Severe punishment" is the special criminal policy under special history of our country. This paper is attempting to think about and probe into the relationship between "severe punishment" and the socialist rule of the law, between "severe punishment" and the principle by which crimes?responsibilities should accord with the punishment, between "severe punishment" and the basic criminal policies of our country from the angle of the science of criminal law.


Questioning has epistemic and social dimensions. Most studies on question formulation focus on one or other of these, associating them with different aspects of questioning utterances. Politeness is considered predominantly socially affected, whereas the use of closed questions is seen as determined by the speakers' amount of pre-knowledge. The purpose of this study is to explore the interrelationship between social and knowledge factors in question formulation. In an experiment, hypotheses about the influence of the speaker's state of knowledge as well as the effect of social factors (the addressee's cooperativeness and the social legitimation to insist on an answer) on politeness and the use of closed questions are tested. The results indicate social influences on both accounts whereas no knowledge impact on politeness could be found. The findings strongly support focusing on extended questioning utterances instead of restricted single sentence formulations.


Thermogravimetric studies of Cd/sub 4/GeS/sub 6/ and Cd/sub 4/GeSe/sub 6/ powders show that these substances are stable in air up to 680 and 740/sup 0/K, respectively. Vaporization of the compounds is of an incongruent nature and the degree of their dissociation depends on the vaporizer temperature. The vapor phase of the compounds contains CdS, CdSe, GeS/sub 2/, and GeSe/sub 2/ molecules, which are units of the crystal structure, but no molecules having germanium and cadmium atoms together.


The Internet of Things extends the Internet connection from people-to-people to people-to-machine or machine-to-machine. This promising research and market field provides technologies and models that allow people to communicate with different hardware with different purposes. This article seeks to introduce the integration between the smartphone messenger Telegram and the Arduino platform using Telegram Bots, allowing common people to create hardware prototypes and communicate with them using the same tool applied in the communication with other people.


Two dimensional two-color pyrometer was developed with a 3 CCD for imaging high solid surface temperatures in the research at Lulea University of Technology (LTU). The initial calibrations has been ...


an error of formation or in nurturing. Th e most mobile joint is the most likely candidate to become unstable. It is like the cells that multiply most rapidly are most likely to become cancerous by multiplying abnormally. Atlantoaxial instability is the most common joint instability and majority of pathological lesions seen in the craniovertebral junction are a consequence of or reparative Natural eff orts that att empt to stall or delay the neurological symptoms and defi cits that can jeopardize the human existence.


Climate change will result in more dry days and longer dry spells, however, the resulting impacts on crop growth depend on the timing of these longer dry spells in the annual cycle. Using an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) simulations, and a range of emission scenarios, here we examine changes in wet and dry spell characteristics under future climate change across the extended tropics in wet and dry seasons separately. Delays in the wet seasons by up to two weeks are projected by 2070-2099 across South America, Southern Africa, West Africa and the Sahel. An increase in both mean and maximum dry spell length during the dry season is found across Central and South America, Southern Africa and Australia, with a reduction in dry season rainfall also found in these regions. Mean dry season dry spell lengths increase by 5-10 days over north-east South America and south-west Africa. However, changes in dry spell length during the wet season are much smaller across the tropics with limited model consensus. Mean dry season maximum temperature increases are found to be up to 3°C higher than mean wet season maximum temperature increases over South America, Southern Africa and parts of Asia. Longer dry spells, fewer wet days, and higher temperatures during the dry season may lead to increasing dry season aridity, and have detrimental consequences for perennial crops.


Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a means of measuring the chemical composition, often referred to as metabolites, of the human body non-invasively and in vivo. It is a research tool mostly used in the investigation of neurological disorders [1]. Since its concentration is reported to be constant most of the time, signal from brain tissue water has been used previously as a reference in the quantification of the metabolites [2].


In this paper, we show how rainfall shocks in different cropping periods in Rwanda can lead to heterogeneous child growth impacts that would be missed in an annual measure. Using high-resolution rainfall data, we find that above historical average rainfall in-utero during land preparation and planting or mid-season leads to improved child growth outcomes; above historical average rainfall in-utero during harvest has the opposite effect. These offsetting impacts cause the estimate of the annual in-utero rainfall effect to attenuate towards zero. Our findings are robust to redefinition of the cropping periods and the inclusion of rainfall in other periods. This heterogeneity helps explain mixed findings on the relationship between inutero rainfall and health among studies that use annual or growing season rainfall measures.


Single-sample face recognition is a very challenging problem, where each person has only one labeled training sample. It is difficult to describe unknown facial variations. In this paper, we propose a shared generative adversarial network (SharedGAN) to expand the gallery dataset. Benefiting from the shared decoding network, SharedGAN requires only a small number of training samples. After obtaining the generated samples, we join them into a large public dataset. Then, a deep convolutional neural network is trained on the new dataset. We use the well-trained model for feature extraction. With the deep convolutional features, a simple softmax classifier is trained. Our method has been evaluated on AR, CMU-PIE, and FERET datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SharedGAN and show its robustness for single sample face recognition.


How stable are structures made of fused silica, Zerodur, ULE, Invar or Superinvar? We review what is known about dimensional changes with time or temperature for these important materials, including some recent findings. What are the variations in commercially available materials? How does one go about obtaining the best Invar and Superinvar?