Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of modified Epley procedure on posterior semi-circular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(PC-BPPV).Methods Totally 216 cases with PC-BPPV were treated by modified Epley procedure,and followed up for 6 months.Results After treatment for 1 day and 1 week,165 cases and 178 cases(82.41%)were cured respectively.However,recurrenced 39 cases were found during following six months.Conclusion Modified Epley procedure is an effective treatment method for PC-BPPV,and less serious adverse reaction occurred.


In this paper,we introduced new progress of Anhui and Hunan provinces during rise of central China,elaborated goals based on respective advantages to develop,and proposed enlightment of sustainable development of regional economy.


The model of the semantic and etymological analysis of foreign terms of the Greek-Roman origin at Russian lessons is considered in the article. As an example the prefix epiis analyzed


According to the $\Lambda CDM$ cosmological framework, galaxies underwent multiple mergers in their history. In this paper we propose to use the power spectrum of the residual fluctuations of the rotation curve velocity as a probe of past mergers. The proposition relies on the assertion that mergers are expected to induce large scale flows and in case of major mergers shocks are induced as well. Instabilities of the large scale flows and shocks could generate a large scale turbulence whose size is comparable to the galactic disk dimensions. We develop expressions relating underlying turbulence spectral function to the observational power spectrum of the residual of the rotation curve velocity. This relation can be used to test whether turbulence exists in a given galaxy. The method is applied to the regular spiral galaxy NGC3198 with the conclusion that it underwent a minor merger about 7 Gyr ago.


The current research provides that more than 60% of active pharmaceutical ingredients shows poor solubility in biological fluids i.e., lipophilic or poorly water-soluble compounds. Many formulation approaches like micronization, use of fatty solutions and penetration enhancer, use of co-solvents, surfactant dispersion method, salt formation, precipitation, etc., are available to solve the problems of low solubility and low bioavailability of drugs. All these techniques are not suitable for some of the drugs, so some advanced techniques like Nanosuspension, nanosuspension, liposomes, Nanoliposome, solid dispersion and nanocrystals are used to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of BCS class II, III and IV type of drugs. Additional to this approaches emulsion and microemulsion methods, inclusion complexes with complex forming agent like EDTA, are also as drug delivery for enhancing the solubility of drugs. In this study Atorvastatin calcium was high lipophilic drug with very less aqueous solubility. To enhance the solubility of Atorvastatin calcium, it was modulated into Nanosuspension to make a desired soluble enhanced dosage form.


In the health management of battery, cycle life prediction is an essential component. Before battery fail, the End-of-Discharge Voltage (EODV) reduce with the use. This paper proposed a multi-phase degradation model of EODV through failure mechanism analysis to evaluate the degree of degeneration of the battery at a specified future. The model includes parameter transformation and accelerated equation for different stress testing. By using such a model, the EODV of the cell over time for varied stress aging conditions can be accurately described. The model and inference methods are illustrated with a case application involving 15 nickel hydrogen cells in accelerated condition. The test results are as expected.


The concept of sediment-carrying capacity of wave is theoretically defined and the sediment concentration distribution under the action of waves is deduced.On this basis the probable sudden silting occurred to navigation channel in coastal area is investigated.This phenomenon may be divided into four modes: silting due to concentration exceeding the limitation(absolute sudden silting),silting due to unbalance transportation,silting due to wave ceasing and silting due to density flow stop moving.The calculation methods for corresponding modes are proposed.The study result is applied to analyze the sedimentation taken place in coastal area and navigation channel in Huanhua Port,Jianshu Province,China.It is found that the sedimentation belongs to the mode due to unbalance transportation or due to wave ceasing.The validity of the calculated concentration distributions is verified by observation data.


It is well known that when measuring electron densities in H ii regions locally via emission line ratios the values observed are 100 cm 3 , but gobal values obtained via emission measure using surface brightness as the observed parameter are 1 cm 3 . This dierence is attributable to density uctuations,and traditional models for these is the \Filling factor (FF)" model, of Osterbrock and Flather. Implicit in this model is the optical thinness of the uctuations. We show here that if these uctuations are optically thick the diagnostic diagrams which are used to nd parameters, notably abundances, will be signican tly aected. We present observational arguments supporting these \clumpy" models, and outline some initial results of their use.


A novel method to detect human facial regions from a color image with a complex background has been proposed. To detect human facial regions precisely without imposing any constraints, the method employs Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Neural Network. First, the proposed method picks up skin color pixels from an input image. Second, it detects skin color regions using GA based on the idea that human facial regions are skin color. Finally, it judges whether the region is a human face or not one by one using neural network and a simple knowledge processing. We carried out experiments using various 183 color images. It has shown that the detecting accuracy is 95.0 % and the averaged computation time is 0.47sec on a Pentium II 266MHz personal computer.


The initial oxidation of the H-terminated Si(100) surface was studied in 03 (950 ppm)/O 2 and molecular oxygen ambient using contact angle goniometry, mirror enhanced polarized reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy at low temperatures (<300°C). Mono-, di-, and tri-hydrides were removed gradually, while intermediate species such as silicon oxy-hydrides and epoxides were formed on the Si surface. During the O 3 /O 2 or O 2 oxidation, H 2 O contact angles decreased from ∼72° (H-terminated hydrophobic surface) to a low asymptotic value (hydrophilic oxide surface) after a minimum value was achieved in the meantime. Species like suboxides appeared to be responsible for the observed minimum of the H 2 O contact angles. CH 2 I 2 contact angles had high sensitivity at high H coverage on Si(100) surfaces, while H 2 O contact angles had high sensitivity at low H coverage. The removal of hydrides between 2000 and 2200 cm - 1 in O 3 /O 2 was substantially faster and less temperature-sensitive than that in O 2 . Samples processed in O 3 /O 2 had H 2 O contact angles ∼30-50° lower than those processed in pure O 2 . FTIR studies suggest an ozone-related adsorption species at ∼1727 cm - 1 during the O 3 (950 ppm)/O 2 oxidation of H-terminated Si(100).


The morphology of poly(phenylene sulfide), PPS, obtained as processed film has been studied using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A unique morphology has been identified in the original film. The spherulites are very small in size and possess a cylindrical symmetry with their lamellae oriented on the edge. In these processed PPS films, the a-axis of the lattice is preferentially aligned perpendicular to the film plane, while the b and c axes are predominantly in the film plane. In the PPS isothermally crystallized from the melted, original film, there is no such preferential orientation. Thermal analysis of the original and melt crystal-lized PPS shows that while the degree of crystallinity is about the same, the nature of the amorphous phase in the two materials is different. In the original film, we did not observe a heat capacity increment at a glass transition temperature by DSC, indicating that all of the amorphous phase belongs to the category of rigid amorphous phase. In the melt crystallized PPS, a distinct glass transition was seen, though only a portion of the amorphous phase becomes mobile at Tg. The differences in orientation and mobility of the amorphous phase in the original film compared to melt crystallized PPS are explained by the different thermal processing procedures used for the two materials.


This study analyses factors related to attitudes toward European Union (EU) accession, taking into account political affiliation, religious and ethnic identity, fear of foreign threat, utilitarian considerations, along with a number of other variables through a survey conducted among Turkish citizens in general and also among various Alevi communities. The results show that Alevi identity, in contrast to Kurdish background, was strongly indicative of positive attitudes toward the EU. Furthermore, in conjunction with existing literature on EU integration, political party affiliation, utilitarian concerns and fear of foreigners were associated with attitudes toward membership among all groups, while religiosity was not a significant determinant of attitudes toward the EU.


Discourse on women's reproductive rights through the lens of Muslim culture. The use of contraception, assisted fertility and abortion, are analyzed in Iran and Afghanistan. The culture surrounding family planning is detailed through a woman's community, family, religion and the laws that govern the society they live in, which all influence her decision making in these matters. This piece stands as a cultural analysis of women's agency specifically in Middle Eastern Muslim culture, as it stands as a part of a global women's rights movement. Disciplines Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications | Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies | Health Policy | International and Area Studies | Near and Middle Eastern Studies | Obstetrics and Gynecology | Social and Cultural Anthropology | Social Policy | Women's Studies Comments This paper was written for Professor Amy Evrard's course, ANTH 218: Islam and Women, Spring 2016. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This student research paper is available at The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College: http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ islamandwomen/10 Contraception, Abortion and Assisted Fertility among Muslim Women: A Look at Islamic Culture and Policy in Iran and Afghanistan by Hayley Jacobsen Discourse on family planning is relevant to the lives of all women. Their rights and decisions on matters of contraception, abortion and assisted fertility are influenced by the world around them. A woman's community, family, religion and the laws that govern the society they live in all effect to what extent she can make decision on these issues and influence what she will decide for herself. For Muslim women, their religion may or may not be a larger factor in the family planning process. A Shi'a Muslim woman from Iran may experience a different situation from a Sunni Muslim in Afghanistan; and their plights may also be similar in some ways. This paper aims to look at the laws governing a woman's right and access to contraception, abortion, and assisted fertility; as well as how Islam and her community influence her access and decisions. Iran and Afghanistan were chosen for this study as they represent the two major sects of Islam. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a Central Asian country of Sunni Muslim majority. Afghanistan, which has an agriculture-dependent economy, suffers from high illiteracy rates; in 2006, 87 percent of women were illiterate (Library of CongressFederal Research Division 2008a). The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern country with a Shia Muslim majority. Iran does not suffer from the same low literacy rates, with 79% of women being literate. This may be owing to the fact that Iran is a less rural nation, as its economy is dominated by the oil industry (Library of CongressFederal Research Division 2008b). These two countries border one another. This fact suggests that there may be some shared cultural features. More


The mechanical properties, morphology and oil swelling of natural rubber (NR) latex and acrylonitrilebutadiene rubber (NBR) latex blends were studied in various ratio; 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. It was found that the latex blends were uniformly mixed both in the latex form and in the resulting thin film. Morphology of the blend films in sub-microscales is characterized by SEM. All films showed that, the particles in dispersed phase retain their original sizes and shapes, and phase separations between NR and NBR are in the range of submicrometer to few micrometers (which is relatively small in comparison to melt blend). Blend films were stained with osmium tetraoxide (OsO4) to yield a dark NR phase. The NR/NBR latex blends were dried, mixed with vulcanizing agents, and subsequently vulcanized. Mechanical and chemical properties of the vulcanisates were examined. As expected, when the content of nitrile was increased, the oil swelling and hardness (Shore A) properties of these blends increased with the increment of NBR content, but decreasing in tensile strength.


Introduction: Nowadays is common to find students without any intellectual delay but, instead of this, they have a lower academic performance than expected. Objectives: To study whether the academic performance of students in the first cycle of primary is related to neuropsychological problems of vision, hearing, memory, laterality and maximize their possibilities. Methods: Neuro-psychological assessment of memory, saccades and laterality in a sample of 29 pupils aged be-tween 6 and 7 years. In addition, an intervention program will be presented to improve those areas in which students present difficulties and prevent the possible occurrence of problems in their fu-ture learnings. Results: The results partially confirm that neuropsychological factors of memory and reading speed are related to academic performance, but do not show the relationship between laterality and saccadic movements with the academic performance of students. Conclusions: This study offers insight into the maturational level of the students to adapt the teaching process to the needs of these and create specific programs to improve their academic performance.


There has been bi-partisan momentum to provide higher education opportunities for students who are impacted by the criminal legal system, but similar to the context of the contemporary crisis of higher education, the problem of racial inequity persists. The Alliance for Higher Education in Prison, a national multi-stakeholder network supporting quality higher education in prison, stated in their most recent report, "programs are illequipped to support faculty and staff in reflecting on how race, class, gender, ability, sexuality, and other identity or status markers might impact their interest in, or approach to, teaching in prison, as well as their experiences while doing so (Erzen et al., 2019)." In this spirit, this essay will address issues of racial inequity and injustice within higher education in prison programs— examining issues of faculty diversity, pedagogy, and barriers students impacted by the criminal legal system face in continuing their higher education upon release. In addressing these barriers, there is an opportunity to overcome racial inequity at a massive scale and set an example, both for higher education communities and society as a whole. The United States has the world's largest prison system (Walmsley, 2019). While the United States constitutes only 5% of the global population, it has more than 20% of the world's prison population — with nearly 2.3 million people in jails, prisons, and detention centers (Sawyer and Wagner, 2020). Simply put, the United States has long had a mass incarceration problem marked by vast racial disparities. Black men ages 18 to 19 are 12 times more likely to be imprisoned than white men of the same age, and black women are imprisoned at twice the rate of white women (Bronson & Carson, 2019). However, attitudes about mass incarceration are changing in the United States. Advocates are rightly calling for criminal justice reform, and the passage of the FIRST Step Act of 2018 was not only a major success for advocates but the culmination of a bipartisan effort to improve the criminal legal system (U.S. Congressional Research Service, 2019). At this moment, people on both sides of the political aisle agree that higher education is a better investment than incarceration and a "common-sense strategy" to reduce recidivism (Yoon, 2019). A postsecondary credential is a ticket to achieving social and economic mobility, yet too few students can enroll in, afford, and complete college. As a result of racist public policy, such as affirmative action bans, black and Latino communities' have not been able to fully share in the benefits of postsecondary education (Nichols & Schak, 2019). The federal government operated separate higher education systems and even provided support to colleges and universities that explicitly discriminated against students based on race. At the state level, bans on affirmative action led to decreased enrollment of students of color at the most selective institutions (Jones & Nichols, 2020). These realities are seen in how black Americans are faring economically. For example, data from the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that black Americans are the only racial group that was worse off financially in 2016 than they were in 2000 (Long, 2017). CONTACT Lawrence Haynes firstname.lastname@example.com The Education Trust, 1250 H St NW, Washington, DC 20005. This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article. PEABODY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 2021, VOL. 96, NO. 5, 588–597 https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2021.1991704 © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Despite these inequitable outcomes, postsecondary education remains an important pathway to social and economic mobility. Employees with bachelor's degrees earn well over $1 million more than high school–educated employees over their lifetime (Abel & Deitz, 2014). Thus, it is critical for individuals impacted by the criminal legal system to have access to quality postsecondary education and support to obtain a college degree. To be sure, access is not the only issue faced by individuals impacted by the criminal legal system. The racial inequities and injustice observed within the higher education system more broadly persists in higher education in prison programs. The Alliance for Higher Education in Prison (hereafter "The Alliance"), a national multistakeholder network supporting quality higher education in prison notes that "programs are ill-equipped to support faculty and staff in reflecting on how race, class, gender, ability, sexuality and other identity or status markers might impact their interest in, or approach to, teaching in prison, as well as their experiences while doing so" (Erzen et al., 2019, p. 19). In this spirit, this essay will address issues of racial inequity and injustice within higher education programs in prisons, examining issues related to faculty diversity, pedagogy, and the barriers students impacted by the criminal legal system face continuing their education upon release. In addressing these barriers, there is an opportunity to overcome racial inequity on a massive scale and set an example both for higher education communities and for society as a whole. The time has come for criminal justice reform that includes access to quality postsecondary education options in prison. However, society cannot talk about reforming our criminal legal system without acknowledging all the racial inequities and injustices that persist within higher education institutions in the United States— enabling a racist and elitist system that reserves quality education and second chances for only a chosen few. What are the barriers to accessing quality higher education in prison? There is a growing body of research examining higher education in prison programs—from teaching and instruction (Erzen et al., 2019) to effectiveness of programs (Davis et al., 2013) to statutory and regulatory barriers to access programs (Bacon et al., 2020) and more. What is evident from the current literature is that access to postsecondary education is one of the few options proven to be significant for reentry into society (U.S. Department of Education, 2016). The stakes are high and can be the difference from incarcerated individuals successfully reentering into their local communities or returning to prison. Moreover, participation in a higher education program while in prison can have a positive effect on those who serve long-term or life sentences without parole, changing the culture inside correctional facilities (Parker & Sinclair, 2020). And for the families of those serving time, seeing their loved ones work to better themselves can help break cycles of poverty, addiction, and involvement in the criminal legal system (Warmack & Smith, 2020). A study conducted by Ositelu (2019) found that the availability of quality higher education programs in prison was restricted, with fewer than 10% of individuals incarcerated obtaining a postsecondary credential during their time in prison, and even then, there were racial disparities among the students who graduated from these programs (Ositelu, 2019). For example, of the percentage of adults enrolled in a college program in prison, 30% were black adults and 30% were white adults yet only a quarter of black adults earned a credential compared to over 40% for white adults (Ositelu, 2019). It's important to note that the study solely analyzed the 2012 and 2014 U. S. PIAAC Household and Prison Survey. These surveys are the only existing representative data on adults' skills in relation to educational attainment and job training while incarcerated. As such, there are limitations to the statistics provided, such as selection bias. To this end, interpretations of the effects of correctional programming should be made with care. Unaffordable college is another barrier to access and completion, as programs in prisons tend to rely on private philanthropic funding and small state contracts with correction agencies. Some programs simply recruit students who can pay tuition without financial aid (Hobby et al., 2019). Yet, incarcerated individuals are overwhelmingly from low-income backgrounds, so paying PEABODY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 589


Two-dimensional stock cutting optimize problem of numerical controlled panel saw for wood-based panel production equipment, a mathematical model for rectangle optimal layout based on optimization theory is established. Constrained two-dimensional guillotine cutting stock cutting algorithm based on heuristic regulation is given in this paper. Instance and theoretical analysis of production stock cutting proves that this algorithm is practical and effective, it was useful way to improve utilization ratio of plate material.


One of the essential and challenging research areas in proactive and ubiquitous computing is recognizing of human activities via sensors. In this paper, we present some preliminary results of recognizing human physical activities using a traditionally time domain features with periodic calculation from the activity signals measured by using a multi-sensor model and artificial neural nets. The features mean, standard deviation, energy and periodicity of a signals are calculated after using a moving average filter for five daily activities such as power walking, jogging, speed running standing and walking. Further, we have considered two static positions through locating module in pant's pocket and holding in hand to collect more accurate data. Likewise, the experiment results for the three different approaches are compared. The experimental results through the proposed technique show accuracy of 98.0% activity recognition.


This paper constructs parallel model based on Open Multi-processing(OpenMP) and parallel model based on Message Passing Interface(MPI) in multi-core environment,and constructs parallel model based on MPI and parallel model based on MPI+OpenMP in the multi-core clusters.The preferred strategy of dynamic ant colony and the strategy of sub-cycle exchange are presented.Finding optimized path of road is used to compare the three models.Experimental results show that MPI-based model run faster and get higher speedup than OpenMP-based model.In multi-core environment,hybrid model of MPI+OpenMP gets higher speedup than MPI-based model with more processes.


In an earlier article,1 I proposed a theory and described the supporting evidence for the pathways for the possible influence of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) on maternal breast milk and its influence on the pathophysiology of infantile colic. I emphasised how the increased TNF levels of a breastfeeding mother affect TNF, melatonin and serotonin levels of a colicky baby, and examined evidence for the direct and indirect regulatory effects of acupuncture over TNFα, serotonin and melatonin levels, and thereby infantile colic.

In a commentary on my paper,2 Reinthal et al stated that 'Even if TNFα does play a …


Speech recognition is available on ordinary personal computers and is starting to appear in standard software applications. A known problem with speech interfaces is their integration into current graphical user interfaces. This paper reports on a prototype developed for studying integration of speech dialogue into graphical interfaces aimed towards programming of industrial robot arms. The aim of the prototype is to develop a speech dialogue system for solving simple relocation tasks in a robot work-cell using an industrial robot arm.


Music is the art of hearing,Is to resort to the feelings of the Arts,Understand the music and art are inseparable from the hearing of the U.S..Sound and music through the full realization of the actual acoustics,It is only through the ears to listen to the identification of coordination in order to play a more wonderful music,This shows that training in auditory learning and practicing the piano is very important,We must cultivate inner ear,Piano students to foster the quality of hearing,To a high standard of music appreciation and differential ability to achieve high levels of performance.


: This paper is an outcome of a trial carried out to find a common methodology to address the different subjects together rather than treating each separately. It was an effect of, after observing the common features and occurrence among different things. Accordingly the patterns prevailing over different subjects were found. In this respect circular thinking method has been selected as the best way to deal with formation of patterns among different subjects and to address the same. This gave birth to the concept of Universal Science. This paper also describes how Buddhism which comprises of circular thinking (in patterns of thinking), could be used to enhance the Science and other subjects, beyond the limitations of Western Science. Herein, the different subjects are taken together using similarities, patterns and addressing at the elementary level under the Universal Science, rather than treating them separately. Since the subject structure is completed in Buddhism, this unique identity of the Philosophy is used to maximize the various subjects (transformation of Buddhism?). Accordingly the subject of management is also given a broader definition and the subject of law is also raised to a broader logical base, as examples. This is going to be the future science with valid facts, which covers all the subjects. Delay in the Western Science and getting rid of it by the method of patterns is also explained by taking the ISO as an example . methods used for the discoveries in the world the same methodology which follow for attaining the Nibbana. Accordingly the Five methods are given. Universal Science gives most effective way of solving the problems.


The analysis and statistics of flow in ultra-high-speed network face great challenges in performance to which the algorithm of packet classification is the key point. A new algorithm named MFCuts based on the analysis of some wellknown algorithms was proposed to overcome the defects of Hicuts and HypterCuts. MFcuts find the optimal partition in all splits of different dimensions based on the merits of a given mensurement formulas. According to optimal one, MFCuts makes the actual split. The results show that the MFCuts could overcome the defects of other similar algorithms, effectively avoid the disadvantage of Hicuts which can only select one-dimensional cut and HyterCuts cuts with large randomness, and could improve the classification speed efficiently.


The proposed high-voltage (HV) digital transceiver comprises a pair of TX (transmitter) and RX (receiver) to exchange digital signals from different high-voltage domains. By taking advantage of the isolation capability of p-n junction provided by 800V 0.5 μm BCD CMOS process, a digital isolator is realized by a transformer which is able to be carried out with the TX and RX on the same die such that no off-chip bonding or discretes are needed. On-silicon measurements justify that the proposed HV digital transceiver demonstrates 10 Mbps data rate with 0.266 mJ/Mbps power dissiopation. This is by far the best performance for a single-die HV digital transceiver.


Objective To observe the effects of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-CdR) on the proliferation,invasion,migration ability and frequently deleted in liver cancer-1(DLC-1) gene expression of HT29 cell line.Methods The human colon cancer HT29 cell line was treated by various concertrations(5,10μmol/L) of 5-Aza-CdR for 72h.DLC-1 mRNA expression profile was studied by RT-PCR in pre-and post-treated cells.MTT assay was used for the test of cell proliferation.The invasion and mobility abilities of the cells in vitro were explored by colony-forming experiment and transwell chamber.Results Compared to the cell lines without treatment,the proliferation of HT29 cell lines cultivated with 5-Aza-CdR was decreased and the invasion and mobility abilities of the cells in vitro were lowered.The expression level of DLC-1 mRNA in HT29 was restored after treated by 5-Aza-CdR.Conclusion 5-Aza-CdR inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of HT29 cells,which may be related to the restoration of DLC-1 gene expression.


Nowadays, there are many collaborative technologies in the market. While there are endless opportunities in terms of the functions these technologies possess, the success of these technologies is especially dependent on the extent they are adopted and diffused within organizations. In this regard, exploring the reasons behind why groupware technologies could not be adopted and diffused within organizations turn into an important matter.


Wealth inequality is not just how much a particular nation possesses, rather it concerns how wealth is shared within a society. Every society has a variety of factors that make them different; inequality leads to a host of problems, as various aspects of a society are made uneven, including views, attitudes, and beliefs. Financial inequality is the level in which wealth is shared unevenly to members of a particular group or society. Wealth is not only encompassed by a certain individual's yearly pay, but of all of the assets or resources received by employment, investments, state benefits, rent, and/or royalties. Economic inequality can be experienced through pay, wealth, or income. Income is any pay received through investments, savings, employment, rent, etc., while pay inequality is the disparity between the pay received through employment only. When there is too much economic inequality, there are high levels of poverty and minimal opportunities for kids to overcome their parent's efforts. It is important to note that levels of economic inequality are not the same in different societies. There is a big gap in wealth ownership in the US today. There have been a lot of misconceptions about wealth inequality, but the vicious cycle is a result of how society itself functions. Moreover, despite such high levels of inequality, it is clear that wealth inequality leads to recessions and high levels of unemployment. The government should ensure economic equality among its citizens; failure to do so and an activist's movement should compel the state to put more effort into distributing its resources more equally. The space between the goal of equality and its actuality in modern society has become even wider. America has, over the years, shown commitment to reaffirm the dream of equality for its citizens. However, America is one of the countries with the highest levels of inequality today. Various studies have dismissed the myth of the United States as "the land of opportunity". While many citizens in the US may disagree


In 1896 when Emil Wiechert proposed his model of the Earth with an iron core and stony shell, scientists generally believed that the entire earth was a solid as rigid as steel. R. D. Oldham's identification of P and S waves in seismological records allowed him to detect a discontinuity corresponding to a boundary between core and shell (mantle) in 1906, and Beno Gutenberg established the depth of this boundary as 2900 km. But failure to detect propagation of S waves through the core was not sufficient evidence to persuade seismologists that it is fluid (contrary to modern textbook statements). Not until 1926 did Harold Jeffreys refute the arguments for solidity and establish that the core is liquid. In 1936 Inge Lehmann discovered the small inner core. K. E. Bullen argued, on the basis of plausible assumptions about compressibility and density, that the inner core is solid. Attempts to find seismic signals that have passed through the inner core as S waves have so far failed (with one possible exception),...


Introduction: Retinoblastoma is the first cause of eye cancer in children. Conventional treatment includes local treatment with laser, cryotherapy or radioactive plaque, and if these fail, external beam radiotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy are used. However, the diagnosis is often made late, and enucleation is frequent.

Materials and Methods: In May 2006 we started an IRB approved protocol to perform intra-arterial chemotherapy (chemosurgery) in children with advanced retinoblastoma who were candidates for enucleation. Children had an initial ophthalmologic examination under anesthesia (EUA) to confirm the diagnosis and the extent of the disease. EUA allowed …


A novel non-cooperative game theory-based approach for dimensionality reduction is proposed. We regard the sample elements in a higher-dimensional space as players in a game each of which has its strategy. A set of these strategies was implemented as an embedding of dimensionality reduction, which maps the sample elements into lower-dimensional spaces. Based on the theory of non-cooperative $N$-player games, we show the existence of Nash equilibria. We also provide an algorithm that yields Nash equilibrium based on the theory of nonlinear functional analysis.


A series of MFI supported bimetallic catalysts with high Co/Pd ratios and high metal loading was prepared by first subliming CoBr2 vapor onto H/MFI, followed by ion exchange of some Pd from an aqueous solution of Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2. They were tested for NO reduction with CH4 in the presence of 2% O2. Best performance was observed with Co/Pd = 14/1. In this catalyst Pd0 sites are assumed to activate methane. At higher Pd loading the catalytic selectivity is lower because large PdO particles are formed, which catalyze methane combustion. The reducibility of Co is significantly enhanced by small amounts of Pd. At 55 °C, the Pd and a comparable amount of Co are co-reduced. The particles consist of two phases, including a phase of almost pure Pd capable of forming Pd hydride. Metal reduction is complete at 550 °C.
Many reduced particles are biphasic, with a Pd-rich kernel and Co-rich mantle. EXAFS reveals Pd–Co bonds at the interface. A substantial reorganization of the metal particles takes place at 800 °C, Pd-rich large alloy particles coexist with small particles of Co and Co-rich alloy. The alloy particles exhibit high and stable activity for NO reduction to N2 with CH4 at 300 °C, but lose this activity at high reaction temperature.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two hormones in the superovulatory response, and on the degree of synchronization of estrus between donor and recipient, on the pregnancy rate. Twenty-four Pelibuey ewes were superovulated with 500 IU of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (n = 14; FSH + LH group) or with 25 mg of follicle stimulating hormone (n = 10; FSH group). According to the degree of synchronization of the estrus, two groups of recipients were formed: ewes with 0 ± 12 h of asynchrony (n = 24) and ewes with more than 12 hours (> 12 h) of asynchrony (n = 15). Twelve ewes (85.7%) treated with FSH + LH responded satisfactorily to a superovulation with a mean of 12.41 ± 8.10 of corpora lutea (CL), 6.25 ± 5.69 total ova + embryos (TO + E) and 4.00 ± 4.86 transferable embryos (TE). Seven donors (70%) treated with FSH responded satisfactorily to superovulation with a mean of 8.28 ± 7.78 CL, 7.57 ± 5.86 TO + E, and 6.28 ± 4.79 TE (P > 0.05). The pregnancy rate was 58.3% for the recipients with 0 ± 12 h of asynchrony and 20% (P 12 h estrus. Results did not reveal significant effects of the hormone on the superovulatory response. The pregnancy rate increased when embryos were transferred in recipients with 0 ± 12 h of asynchrony.


T h e C o u n c i l o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s (COR) a p p r o v e d a $ 4 8 1 , 2 4 3 . 0 6 b u d g e t M o n d a y , u p m o r e t h a n $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 f ro m th e $362,500 allocated last year. The increase can be a t tr ib  uted to both p ro jec ted Shirt p ro f i t s a n d th e h ig h e r $95 student activities fee th a t will go in to e f f e c t n e x t fa l l , S t u d e n t U n io n t r e a s u r e r Steve Friend said. "Historically we have only p ro je c te d $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 of r e v  enue from The Shirt," Friend said . "This y e a r we decided to a l lo c a te as m u c h a s we could a t the p resen t time — giv ing us $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 e x t r a to play w ith ." Friend said the la test p ro  jec tion for Shirt revenues is around $150,000. The s tu d e n t ac t iv i t ie s fee will a lso ju m p from $80 to $95 for th e n e x t a c a d e m ic year, a resu lt of two Student S e n a t e r e s o l u t i o n s . Ultim ately ap p ro v e d by the B o a rd of T r u s t e e s in F eb ru a ry , th e in c re a s e will make the College Readership Program possible next fall. T w o th i rd s of th e m o n e y from th e s t u d e n t ac t iv i t ie s fee i n c r e a s e , t o t a l i n g $ 8 1 ,0 0 0 , is a s s ig n e d to the


Intramedullary tuberculous granulomas (tuberculomas) are rare in occurrence when compared to pulmonary, extra pulmonary and skeletal tuberculosis in developing countries. Here, we present clinical profile and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in two intramedullary tuberculoma cases. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of intramedullary tuberculoma and its rarity in occurrence are discussed. The emphasis is on atypical presentations of intramedullary tuberculoma and the other intramedullary lesions that can closely resemble to it.


Composite material based on polystyrene-activated carbon/platinum (PS/AC/Pt has been prepared by variation of weight ratio between polystyrene, activated carbon, and platinum in chloroform solvent. The functional groups of the composite material were identified by FTIR, the morphology and the element composition were analyzed by SEMEDX, and the proton conductivity was measured by a chemical impedance analyzer. The functional groups of material are similar to polystyrene and indicate no effect on its structure. The surface morphology of the composite membrane is smooth and nonporous. The composite material PS-AC-Pt was successfully made without impurity shown by EDX with carbon and platinum elements. The composite material with the highest Pt content showed the highest proton conductivity at 30˚C. The proton conductivity tends to decrease as temperature increases. This composite material can be proposed as a membrane electrode candidate for the fuel cell.


The heat of formation, ΔH ° f,o , of NH 3 has been determined using ab initio calculations including extrapolation to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The extrapolated value for ΔH ° f,o is −8.83±0.5 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the best experimental measurement, −9.34±0.01 kcal/mol


Abstract : This report compares and analyzes the job attitudes of airmen in each of the first four years of service with those of enlisted personnel who have more than four years of service. Data used in this analysis come from responses to the Organizational Assessment Package (OAP) survey administered to Air Force organizations from FY 81 - FY 85 by the Leadership and Management Development Center. The report provides recommendations to commanders and supervisors on how to address weaknesses indicated by the job attitude data and to capitalize on strengths in their organizations. The results indicate that there are significant attitudinal differences in all the OAP job factors among airmen in each of their four years of service and thereafter. The report also concludes that, while career airmen tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, airmen in their first four years of service are relatively satisfied with their jobs.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a novel infectious disease responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which was firstly reported in January 2020 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and then rapidly spread to other countries beyond China with a pandemic proportion in these last two years. In its severe lung expression, disease onset may result in death due to massive alveolar damage and progressive respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) which predisposes to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Autopsies reports describe a diffuse alveolar damage with vascular congestion, inflammatory cell population entrapped, thrombosis with hyaline membrane formation in the alveolar walls allowing to an irreversible lung destruction. Altogether these findings remind the radiation oncologists many similarities with radiation induced lung injury which is a well-known side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer. A fascinating hypothesis is that a common inflammatory paradoxical response of lung could be underlying the injury whatever the causes may be, virus, drugs or ionizing radiation. In this paper we will review the similarities between these two illnesses just going through the mechanisms of ALI-ARDS and the role of the most important immune cells and cytokines involved.


Insulin resistance is a core feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recently, genome‐wide association studies have reported a number of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with reproducible associations and susceptibilities to type 2 diabetes. We examined the potential association between the diabetogenic genes uncovered in the genome‐wide association studies and PCOS in Korean women.


We present various resilient auction mechanisms for a good in limited supply. Our mechanisms achieve both player-knowledge and aggregated player-knowledge benchmarks. Notation. By N = {1, . . . , n} we denote the set of players, and by γ ∈ R+ the cost to the seller of provisioning the good(s), or the total reserve price, that is the minimum revenue needed for the sale of any good to take place. A player i's valuation of the good is a non-negative real. The profile of all possible valuations of the players is denoted by V. The profile of the players' true valuations is denoted by TV . The set of independent players is denoted by I. There may be collusive players, possibly partitioned into different collusive sets. We consider the goods to be equivalent to each other as the players are concerned, and denote their number by m. (Equivalently, we may assume that there are m copies of the same good for sale). For simplicity of analysis the goods can be considered untransferable once sold. An outcome is a triple (x,A, P ), where x is a bit indicating whether the sale occurs (x = 1) or not (x = 0); P is the profile of prices; and A is a profile of bits, indicting whether player i has won one of the goods (Ai = 1) or not (Ai = 0). A player i's utility is TVi · x ·Ai − Pi. A player i's general external knowledge, denoted by GKi, can be considered to be i's information about TV−i. A player i's relevant external knowledge, denoted by RKi, consists of a subprofile in V−i such that, for each j 6= i, RKi j is the maximum integer known to i, consistent with GKi, and guaranteed to be less than TVj .1 All knowledge of a player is private to him. In our mechanisms "numbered steps are performed by players, and bullet ones by the mechanism." 1 All-or-None Auctions of a Single Good in Limited Supply and Unit Demand In the following mechanism each player desires to acquire only one good. Either all goods are sold, or none are. For simplicity, we assume m 0 simultaneously and publicly announces YES or NO. • If some player announces NO, set P? = γ?, and HALT.3 • (If all players announce YES) Set x = 1, Ai = 1, and Pi = V ? i for each player i ∈ S?; set A? = 1.4 Benchmark. For each player i, let Ni be the set of m − 1 players having the highest valuation according to RKi. Then our benchmark is maxi∈I ∑ j∈Ni RK i j . 2 Auctions of a Single Good in Limited Supply and Unit Demand The following mechanism envisages also outcomes in which some but not all of the goods are sold. It aggregate the external knowledge of the players. Mechanism M4 • Set x = 0. For each player i, set Ai = 0 and Pi = 0. 1. Each player i simultaneously and publicly announces (a) a subset of players Si ⊆ −i and (b) a valuation subprofile V i indexed by the players in Si. • ∀j ∈ N : if j 6∈ Si for all i 6= j, then set EVj = 0; else, let bipj = arg maxi:Si3j V i j and set EVj = V bipj j . (We refer to each EVi as the external valuation of player i.) • Rename the players so that EV1 ≥ EV2 ≥ · · · ≥ EVn, set W = ∅, K = 0, and t = 1. • Repeat until |W | ≥ m − 1: reset W := W ∪ {t} and K := K + EVt; if bipt 6∈ W , then reset W := W ∪ {bipt} and K := K + EVbipt ; reset t := mini 6∈W i. • If |W | = m− 1: if bipt ∈W , reset W := W ∪ {t} and K := K + EVt; else, reset W := W ∪ {bipt} and K := K + EVbipt . • If K < γ, HALT. Each V i j can be 0. Letting the cardinality of each Si be m− 1 is without loss of generality. That is, in this variant the star player is punished with a fine of γ?. In other variants, the star player may be punished differently, in particular with different fines. Also, other players could also be punished, in particular those players k for which V k j ≥ V ? j where j answered NO. In addition, rather than halting outright, the mechanism can continue in different manners, in particular by choosing a next star player, etc. In this variant the star player is encouraged not to "underbid" in reporting his valuations about the other players by a reward: namely, assigning him for free one of the goods. Other variants may consider different rewards for the star player. Possibly, a positive price may be obtained for each good.


An analysis of large, truck-involved crash outcomes in North Carolina for the period 1993-1997 was conducted for the purpose of establishing an empirical basis for subsequent North Carolina Governor's Highway Safety Program (GHSP) intervention efforts to reduce the number of fatal, truck-involved crashes. Data sources used in the analysis were the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) and North Carolina DMV crash data files. Results of the analyses suggested that GHSP truck safety efforts should give priority to tractor trailer operations on US and NC-numbered routes, to large truck operations in Interstate work one areas, to the adoption of conspicuity improvements, and to traffic engineering countermeasures associated with reducing the probability of 'angle' crashes, especially in rural areas. The recommended focus on angle crashes constitutes a much needed addition to the "No Zone" educational focus on sideswipe and rear end collisions associated with the visual limitations of large vehicle operations. The study pointed out a clear need to examine the 1998 crash data to better understand the significance of the major reversal in progress following crash reduction gains made between 1993 to 1996. The study also pointed to the need for future analyses to incorporate information on carrier and driver performance factors. Inasmuch as there are efforts ongoing with North Carolina to improve truck safety (e.g., the NC Forestry Association's 'ProLogger' Program), the study also recommends work to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs as a basis for the development of similar efforts in industries other than logging. In doing so, the study points out an obvious need for data to be gathered on the 'commodity' being transported to make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of truck safety programs in specific sub-components of the overall trucking industry.


Spherical accretion of dust and gas onto a gravitating object is examined under the influence of central radiation. We found that, as long as the central luminosity is less than the Eddington one for dust, the gas flow is almost Bondi type, while the dust flow is greatly affected by central radiation. For non-luminous sources, in the outer region where the gravity on the dust is balanced by the drag force, the infall velocity of dust is generally larger than the gas velocity. Both gas and dust freefall in the inner region. As the dust-to-gas ratio increases, the gas accretion rate slightly decreases, while the dust accretion rate increases. As a result, the total accretion rate increases. When the central luminosity is considered, the infall velocity of dust becomes smaller and smaller, as the central luminosity increases. Although the gas accretion rate slightly increases with luminosity, the dust accretion rate linearly decreases due to the radiation pressure. As a result, the total accretion rate decreases with luminosity. Approximate expressions for dust and gas accretion rates were obtained.


Gays are not second-class citizens but a gay man certainly makes a second-class mother. Two lesbian women may be model citizens, but neither of them can be a Dad to a little boy. The most serious objection to gay marriage is that it means gay parenting, and gay parenting means depriving a child of either his mother or his father. The gay marriage debate, at its heart, is not about the rights and needs of the adults, but of the child.


± 26.1%), Montipora (10.1 ± 5.7%; Fig. 1A). Two genera Galaxea and Diploastrea did not suffer bleaching. Acropora with most branch and tabulate colonies were less impacted both in deep and shalow waters (0.9 ± 1.3% bleached; Fig. 1D - F). Hard corals in deeper waters exhibited a higher susceptibility to bleaching than their shallow counterparts (48% bleached in deeper transects compared with 15% in shallow transects). The findings were consistent with the higher abundance of the five most susceptible genera mentioned above in deeper (total mean cover = 17.5%) than in shallow (2.2%) transects. An earlier bleaching event at Con Dao islands in October 1998 resulted in 37.8% of hard coral colonies bleached (Vo 2000). The 2019 event had both similarities and differences in impacts. Soft corals were the most susceptible in both events (100% bleached) and Galaxea remained consistently unbleached. In 2019, Pachyseris and Fungia had much higher levels of bleaching than in 1998, when these genera were little affected (7.7% and 8.3% bleached). In contrast, Diploastrea had no bleaching compared with 14% bleached in 1998. Porites was severely impacted at both events with 57% bleached and many dead massive corals covered by filamentous algae were recorded in October 1998. Acropora were among the susceptible genera with 19% bleached colonies together with many dead colonies observed in October 1998 (Vo 2000).


To rely on the people confidently is the Key to winning out against corruption. To run the country according to law does not mean not to rely on the people, and the people are the main body of running the country according to law. Not to launch the mass movement does not mean not to follow the mass line. To win out against corruption, we should strive to find proper ways and forms to follow the mass line.


AbstractScientific computer systems are defined as those which have an information content, which is primarily scientific, and which are designed to communicate scientific results. Such systems have many diilerences from data processing systems and therefore require different methods of analysis. The nature of scientific data files is considered, and a threefold classification system based on file size, system life-time, and computational requirements is proposed. An example of each type of system is given. A series of headings is given to guide an analyst in his approach to a scientific system. In addition, some guidelines are presented for the difficult process of cost-estimating scientific systems.


In the recent literature on CSCL which places the spotlight on participants' talk, there is a clear dichotomy between studies that focus on content-related talk and those that focus on off-topic or activity-related talk. In the approach adopted in this paper, based on the notion of educa- tional influence, the guiding hypothesis is that both forms of talk are close- ly linked in the collaborative dynamics and that activity-related talk, far from being irrelevant, has an essential role to play in promoting the collab- orative construction of knowledge. The paper empirically examines this hypothesis in four online collaborative learning situations. The results show that participants in small group situations requiring the preparation of a written product devote a major part of their discursive activity to ne- gotiating the form of organization of their joint activity and to making sure that all members are familiar with it. In contrast, the technological tools used in the collaborative situation do not seem to have an impact on the relative weight of the type of participants" talk, either content-related or ac- tivity-related.


The study analyzed the participation of male and female cattle farmers in cattle production in Bauchi and Yobe States Nigeria. A snowball technique was used in selecting one hundred and twenty (120) sample of farmers comprising forty (40) males and twenty (20) females from each of Bauchi and Yobe States respectively. Data on socioeconomic characteristics and participation in cattle production were collected using an interview schedule between April and June of 2021. The results reveal that male and female cattle farmers in Bauchi and Yobe States were active producers with mean age in years of 48.9 (males), 42.3 (females), 44.4 (males) and 41.4 (females) in Bauchi and Yobe States respectively. Male farmers had more cattle (x=38 in Bauchi and `x=20 in Yobe) than their female counterparts (`x=6 in Bauchi and`x= 2 in Yobe). The majority of farmers (male = 95%, female = 100%, male = 65%, female = 80%) in Bauchi and Yobe States respectively had no contact with extension but all farmers (100%) had membership of cooperatives. Male (`x=11.18) and female (`x=11.25) cattle farmers in Yobe State participated in cattle production more than male (x=9.78) and female (x=8.00) cattle farmers in Bauchi State. Both male (x=0.00) and female (x=0.00) farmers in Bauchi and Yobe States did not participate at all in breeding and artificial insemination. There was a significant difference (t = 2.223, p ˂ 0.05) in participation of male and female cattle farmers in cattle production in Bauchi State. There was no significant difference (t = -0.104, p ˃ 0.05) in cattle production between male and female cattle farmers in Yobe State. There was no participation in highly technical activities like breeding and artificial insemination. It was recommended that cattle farmers should leverage their membership of cooperative societies in accessing adult education especially in cattle production, credits and extension services and seek training in breeding and artificial insemination.


The spatial-temporal acousto-optic modulator (Bragg cells) design task is a multifactor and multiparametric problem, the solving of which is connected with the quantitative estimation of the physical feasibility of a number of conflicting requirements. The signal parameters determine in this case the requirements to the AOM electro-optic frequency response and the requirements to the allowable energy losses in the optical and electrical channels. There are principle aspects of the design problems discussed in the report.


PURPOSE: To provide a new process for the preparation of a molded cold-cure polyurethane flexible foam product. CONSTITUTION: In order to prepare a molded cold-cure polyurethane flexible foam product, an arom. polyisocyanate, a specified mixture of polyether polyol having a specified ethylene oxide content and a specified amount of water as a blowing agent are used as essential components. The reaction is conducted in a closed mold under a condition of an isocyanate index of 80-120. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) is a method to produce analog waves using digital techniques. Analog waves can be sine waves, square waves, triangular waves, or others. This research used SimulIDE simulator software to simulate electronic hardware or hardware, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and Oscilloscope. This research utilized the PWM (Pulse With Modulation) feature on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, where the amount of duty cycle was regulated using the DDS method. A Low Pass filter was needed to remove high-frequency signals from the PWM base frequency. The system was made with source code design using two ways, the first source code used timerO and timerl directly while the second source code used the delay() and analogWrite() functions that had been provided by Arduino. From the research results, the output waveform had a sine shape and a frequency that was in accordance with the calculations at the time of software design. The use of dual low-pass filters could reduce/eliminate high-frequency signals originating from the PWM base frequency.


Android smart phones have drawn increasing technician and mobile phone users' attentions since 2007. This paper provides how to build the Android compilation environment offline, which can reduce time and error rate as well as pave the way to debugging the behind programs. It then presents a mobile phone automatic screenshot technology, which can debug successfully in the Android Virtual Device and different versions of the intelligent mobile phones and enrich the mobile phone automatic test contents. What's more, it impetuses the automatic test further.


The previously unknown crystal structure of wycheproofite, NaAlZr(PO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 -H 2 O (space group P1, a = 5.263(1), b = 9.251(2), c = 9.480(2) A, α = 109.49(3), β = 98.57(3), γ = 90.09(3)°, V = 429.60(15) A 3 Z = 2) has been solved using single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data (CCD area detector, Mo- K α) and refined to R 1 =4.18% for 1731 'observed' reflections with F 0 > 4σ( F 0 ). The structure determination led to a completely revised unit cell. The atomic arrangement of wycheproofite is characterised by two different alternating layers parallel to (001): the first layer is composed of corner-linked ZrO 6 octahedra and PO 4 tetrahedra. The second layer is built from zigzag chains of edge-sharing AlO 2 (OH) 4 octahedra along [100], and of Na 1-x O 3 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2-y (x ∼ 0.1, y ∼ 0.6) polyhedra. Adjacent layers are connected by oxygen ligands shared between PO 4 tetrahedra and AlO 2 (OH) 4 octahedra. Only very weak hydrogen bonding is necessary to reinforce the structural framework. The Al-, Zr- and P-O polyhedra are all fairly regular and average Al-O, Zr-O and P-O bond lengths are 1.898, 2.063 and 1.529 A, respectively. The unique Na site is only partially occupied (∼ 88 %) and slightly disordered; it is surrounded by three O atoms, two OH groups and two H 2 O molecules with Na-O distances ranging from 2.247(14) to 2.725(4) A. Two of its O ligands (Ow 11 and Ow12) are also only partially occupied, and split (Ow 11) or somewhat disordered (Ow 12), in agreement with bond-valence calculations. The originally given chemical formula, NaAlZr(PO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 -H 2 O, is therefore an idealised formula, although it is very close to the presently obtained formula. Comparisons with the structures of the few other known natural and synthetic zirconium phosphates ( e.g. , kosnarite -KZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ; selwynite - NaK(Be,Al)Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ·2H 2 O; mahlmoodite - FeZr(PO 4 ) 2 -4H 2 O; synthetic α-Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 -H 2 O, ZrKH(PO 4 ) 2 and Zr 2 (NaPO 4 ) 4 ·6H 2 O) demonstrates that a heteropolyhedral layer composed of corner-linked PO 4 tetrahedra and ZrO 6 octahedra is a common structural feature of several of these phosphates, and that it links them closely to the family of yavapaiite-related layered AM(X O 4 ) 2 compounds.


In this study, a series of uniaxial unconfined compression test and constant-head test were performed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of porous concrete using recycled-aggregate for the varying unit weight and water-cement ratio. To enhance the permeability of the porous concrete, the recycled-aggregate with similar grain size in the range of 40±5㎜ was used and water-cement ratio that leads to the lean-mix was adapted. The mechanical characteristics of the porous concrete cured for 3 days were examined; the compressive strength and E?? showed their maximum values with 40% water cement ratio and 1.8t/㎥ unit weight and the permeability coefficient was averagely measured in the range of 0.9×10?㎝/sec regardless of water cement ratio and unit weight.


A two-moment semi-spectral warm microphysical scheme has been implemented inside the meteorological model "MERCURE" of the EDF company. In particular, in this scheme, a new formulation of the buoyancy flux ( ) is proposed, which is coherent with the corrigendum of Mellor (1977) but differs from Bougeault (1981). As for the validation the model, the non- precipitating cloud microphysics is validated by comparing the numerical simulations of fifteen cases of cooling tower plumes with data from a measurement campaign in Bugey nuclear power plant in 1980. Satisfactory results are obtained on the plumes shape, on the temperature and vertical velocity fields and on the droplets spectrums, although the liquid water contents tend to be overestimated. The precipitating cloud microphysics is tested by reproducing the academical cases of orographic precipitation of Chaumerliac et al. (1987) and Richard and Chaumerliac (1989). The precipitating cloud simulations allow to validate the model as well as the impact of the different microphysical terms on the rain intensity.


Natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of beams with step change in cross-section are obtained by using the asymptotic closed form solution. This closed form solution is found by using WKB method under the assumption of slowly varying properties, such as mass, cross-section, tension etc., along the beam length. However, this solution is found to be still very accurate even in the case of large variation in cross-section and tension. Therefore, this result can be easily applied to many engineering problems.


Abstract This paper presents a report on the development of a linear motor drive injection moulding machine for the attainment of ultrahigh-speed injection moulding. Until now it has been impossible to produce such a high speed with all-electric injection moulding machines, although the need for such ultrahigh-speed, electrically driven injection moulding machines has clearly existed. However, direct drive by linear motors may cause brief nozzle separation from the sprue bushing because of an inertia force as large as the total output thrust of the linear motors, and this momentary separation can cause molten plastic leakage. In this paper, two solutions are proposed for this inertia force problem. One is mechanical cancellation of the inertia force, the other is an increase in the nozzle contact force. Furthermore, a new nozzle contact mechanism is proposed that prevents the stationary platen bending caused by the nozzle contact force. Some experimental results on a manufactured all-electric, ultrahigh-speed injection moulding machine are presented.


Medical waste (MW) is all waste generated in healthcare institutions during the provision of healthcare services and conducting scientific research and experiments in the field of medicine, regardless of its composition and origin, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture of classic municipal waste and hazardous MW. Medical systems, including hospitals, clinical centers, and places where diagnosis and treatment are conducted, generate waste that is highly hazardous and puts people at risk of fatal diseases. In general, MW does not take up much of the environmental pollution, but its specific characteristics make it potentially one of the most dangerous types of waste. Inadequate care can affect the health of the medical workers, the population, and the surrounding areas in which the waste is stored, but it can also lead to outbreaks of global infection and poisoning. However, extra caution is required to avoid the risk of injury, cross-contamination, and infection; thus, healthcare workers and individuals responsible for waste management must follow the mandatory safety procedures. In this review, a classification of the various types and categories of MW and its treatment methods is discussed. Since MW can be contaminated and hazardous, it must be managed and processed using complex steps and procedures. The meaning of MW, the risks of exposure, MW management regulatory acts, MW management procedures, and control techniques are presented.


Injury Several species of mealybugs are common pests of houseplants. The mealybugs are soft-bodied insects, whitish in color, and when mature about 5 mm (3/16th inch) in length. They move slowly, but can spread readily from plant to plant, especially when plant foliage touches. They feed by inserting long tube-like mouthparts into plant tissue and sucking juices from the host. As a result, plants may be stunted, or even killed, and there may be a sweet sticky substance called honeydew on the foliage or below the plant.


Due to the increase of inductive load will cause a decrease in the power factor which in turn affects the distribution of electrical energy. The power factor improvement method was chosen by the Regent of Resort & Holiday Inn Canggu to meet the PLN Standard, SPLN 70-1, namely: the power factor must be > 0.85 is to install a capacitor bank. In addition to increasing the power factor, the installation of this capacitor bank is also expected to reduce power losses and voltage drops and avoid excess kVARh charges imposed by PLN. Through calculations and simulations using the ETAP 12.6 application, it is obtained that; To increase the power factor close to 0.95, 900kVAR power is required from the capacitor bank installed in LVMDP1 and LMPDP2 to compensate for the reactive power of 875.44 kVAR and 860.92 kVAR, respectively. The capacity of the capacitor bank required for LVMDP1 and LVMDP2 is 19.85 x 10-3 Farad, with a capacity value for each step of 2.20 x 10-3 Farad. By installing a capacitor bank on LVMDP1 and LVMDP2, it can increase the power factor to 0.94 and 0.95 respectively, and reduce the percentage of reactive power usage to active power to 34.3% and 34.7%.


Developing low-carbon agriculture needs financial support.The feasibility and theoretical choice are analyzed by the theory of carbon-finance and externality.The path of rural finance innovation for low-carbon agriculture development is supposed,which includes that policy finance develops green-credit,rural financial institutes positively participate in the program of clean development mechanism,and the development of carbon-finance derivatives.Financial innovation for low-carbon agriculture is a systemic project,which needs associated effort of government,financial institutes and project subject,to structure trading platform of carbon-finance market,draw up plan of manpower training and reserve,and establish excitation mechanism and risk management for carbon-finance innovation for low-carbon agriculture.


Patients with Huntington's disease display symptoms from both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as part of the pathogenesis of the disease and has been reported in brain tissue and extracerebral tissues, such as muscle and blood cells, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the authors performed a refined evaluation of mitochondrial function in 2 types of peripheral blood cells from 14 patients with Huntington's disease and 21 control subjects. Several hypotheses were predefined, including impaired mitochondrial complex II function (primary), complex I function (secondary), and maximum oxidative phosphorylation capacity (secondary) in patient cells.


— The algorithm of data encryption using discrete chaotic systems and transformations is considered. The features of reversible discrete control systems as information transformers are studied, in particular, such a property as dynamic degradation. It consists in the possible sharp decrease of a discrete set of states of a complex dynamic system with the introduction of an information message. To a large extent, this phenomenon depends on the initial values of the trajectories and parameters of the system. An example of a dynamic system whose trajectories have a complex internal dynamic is given, but when an information message is introduced into it, they fall on a zero invariant manifold. Thus, instead of encrypting the input information sequence, the output of the system for any values of key parameters, starting from a certain moment, accurately transmits the value of the information input with a unit delay.


The authors used the results of Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) observations of diffuse medium dust to develop a theoretical model of the infrared properties of grains. Recent models based entirely on traditional observations of extinction and polarization include only particles whose equilibrium temperatures do not exceed 20 K in the diffuse interstellar medium. These classical grains, for which the authors have adopted the multipopulation model developed by Hong and Greenberg (1980), can explain only the emission in the IRAS 100 micron band. The measurements at shorter wavelengths (12, 25 and 60 microns) require two new particle populations. Vibrational fluorescence from aromatic molecules provides the most likely explanation for the emission observed at 12 microns, with polycyclic aeromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing about 10 percent of cosmic carbon. A simplified model of the emission process shows that PAH molecules can also explain most of the emission measured by IRAS at 25 microns. The authors identified the warm particles responsible for the excess 60 microns emission with small (a approx. equals 0.01 microns) iron grains. A compilation of the available data on the optical properties of iron indicates that the diffuse medium temperature of small iron particles should be close to 50 K and implies that a large, possibly dominant, fraction of cosmic iron must be locked up in metallic particles in order to match the observed 60 microns intensities. The model matches the infrared fluxes typically observed by IRAS in the diffuse medium and can also reproduce the infrared surface brightness distribution in individual clouds. In particular, the combination of iron and classical cool grains can explain the surprising observations of the 60/100 microns flux ratio in clouds, which is either constant or increases slightly towards higher opacities. The presence of metallic grains has significant implications for the physics of the interstellar medium, including catalytic H2 formation, for which iron grains could be the main site; differences in depletion patterns between iron and other refractory elements (Mg, Si); and superparamagnetic behavior of large grains with embedded iron clusters giving rise to the observed high degree of alignment by the galactic magnetic field.


This paper introduces the small hydropower development idea and the main methods in Yuexi county.Practice is mainly from serious programming,joint-stock cooperative financing,optimizing design scheme,engineering contract awarding public,management by objectives,etc.


Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are becoming more and more popular in different fields of physics. The use of SiPM arrays requires a data acquisition (DAQ) system capable of reading multiple channels for each event. A DAQ system for the control and the readout of 64-channel detectors was designed and fabricated. Significant improvements in performance and new functionalities have been done. The performance of our DAQ system has been tested in a real application: a Compton telescope prototype. Tests, experimental results and future work are described.


This paper studies the impact of earthquakes on farm business assets in rural Indonesia. Using a panel fixed effects model, we evaluate if the negative consequences of earthquakes extend beyond the immediate event into the medium and long-term. Our results suggest that rural households were able to recover in the medium-run, and even exhibit welfare gains in the long-run. Productive assets in farm businesses were on average reconstituted and even increased in the medium-run. Thus, reconstruction strategies after large earthquakes seem to provide incentives to small farm business holders to reconstitute and increase their investments.


This article addresses the asynchronous event-triggered control problem for switched Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems under data injection attacks. In reducing communication data update frequency, event-triggered control is an effective control method. The periodic sampling-based adaptive event-triggering schemes with switching structure are first proposed, which can dynamically adjust triggered conditions based on system performance. It is assumed that only the event-triggered and quantized data of the system state and the event-triggered switching signal are available for controllers. However, since the switching signal is sampled and triggered, asynchronous switching may occur between subsystems and subcontrollers. Furthermore, the data injection attacks are considered in the communication network of the system. A time-delay closed-loop switched T–S fuzzy system model is obtained by using a model transformation technique. The resulting criterion provides sufficient conditions to ensure that the closed-loop system subject to data injection attacks is exponential stability with an $H_{\infty }$ performance. Moreover, a set of conditions for the co-design of controllers and adaptive event-triggering schemes is presented. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the asynchronous event-triggered control design.


Inertia friction welding is the process in which stored kinetic energy in a flywheel is converted to heat by relative sliding movement between the components' surfaces. The process is widely used in joining high strength aero-engine alloys. Heat transfer interactions play a fundamental role in determining weld quality as temperature has a significant impact on the mechanical, thermal and metallurgical behaviours of materials. Heating and cooling rates influence thermal stresses induced by variations in material properties due to variations in temperatures. Heat transfer modes involved in the IFW process, apart from conduction, were hardly mentioned in previous work while their significance has not been identified. In this paper the heat transfer modes and their significance in the modelling of the IFW process of the high strength steels SCMV and AerMet 100 has been identified and a methodology by which experimental, numerical and empirical approaches were collectively utilised to optimize the heat transfer analysis is presented. The methodology was validated for optimizing the heat transfer analysis of the IFW process of the high strength steels that are the subject of this study.


Fluid mechanics is the theory of how liquids and gases move around. For the most part, the basic physics are well understood and the mathematical models look relatively simple. Despite this, fluids display a dazzling mystery to their motion. The random-looking, chaotic behavior of fluids is known as turbulence, and it lies far beyond our mathematical understanding, despite a century of intense research.


The death of Professor von Pettenkofer, which was briefly alluded to in the last issue of the Journal of Hygiene, has removed one who was everywhere acknowledged as a great leader among the workers in our science, and as the pioneer who has been mainly instrumental in bringing about the recognition of Hygiene, particularly on its experimental side, as a separate subject of investigation and university instruction.


QUASAR Federal Systems (QFS) has validated the technical and logistical elements required to use small unmanned aerial vehicles as low-cost and maneuverable platforms to measure electric fields in and around storm systems. Small electric field sensors are based on an AC electrical potential sensor called the "RVS". Two alternative implementations produce a modulated signal characteristic of the electric field. In one, the motion of the airplane modulates the local fields into an AC signal. In the other, the RVS is mounted on the cone of a small speaker. Driving the speaker moves the RVS within the local fields, generating a signal at the drive frequency. Multiple UAVs were built and instrumented, and field tests were conducted during storms in New Mexico and at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). These tests demonstrated the feasibility of deploying low cost, small UAVs to measure DC E-field in or near a storm. Keywords—electric field measurement; airborne; small UAV; storm; lightning detection


In the end of 50′s, underground water quality of fountain areas in Jinan still remains crude state. Since 1980, with the gradually growth of economic development, the continuous exploitation in karsts, the more polluted air, water and materials being released, the water quality of karsts has become worse and worse. The content of all components mainly originates from point industrial pollution. West suburb firstly speaking, the content of all components of karsts had turned from climbing to descending from 1959 to 2002. Secondly the components of fountain in Jinan city areas are ascending in general. The areas are located at the regions of letting out polluted water; the amount of released polluted air, water and materials coming from complementary regions are increasing in the areas; besides, the polluted air, water and materials are blocked by igneous rock at the north, and these only be released in the form of fountain and exploitation, causing some ions thickness grows continuously. Thirdly the thickness of the five regular components of the underground water at east area shows the trend of climbing in general, and the trend of underground water quality is worsening as a whole.


Latin America (LATAM) is a large region spanning North, Central, and South America, between latitudes 32 N and 56 S. The population of LATAM currently estimated at 625 million is predicted to grow to 779 million by 2050. LATAM is a genetically, ethnically, geographically, linguistically, economically, and racially diverse region, with an admixture of Amerindian, European, Asian, and African ancestry. Multiple sclerosis (MS) was long considered a relatively rare entity in the region, but research over the past 10 years, and increased availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have demonstrated that MS does occur in almost all Latin American countries, including those close to the equator, although with marked differences in prevalence and incidence between countries.


The arrival of non-native species on a community often implies dramatic changes in the network of interactions existing among native species. In the specific case of an invasive species, it can significantly alter the structure of the community, promoting the regression of several species, reducing biodiversity and changing ecosystem functioning. This paper focuses on the impact that these introduced species, many of them being invasive, can have on three types of mutualistic interactions (biotic pollination and seed dispersal, and plant-microorganism symbiosis). Specifically, the different mechanisms whereby these interactions are influenced by invasive species (plants, animals or microorganisms) are reviewed. Mutualistic disruptions due to biological invasions are increasingly being documented from most terrestrial ecosystems, mainly island ecosystems. They usually result from the combined effect of invaders and other drivers of global change (habitat loss, climate change, etc.), although there are still few studies on the synergistic and non-additive effect of such drivers. The tools of ecological networks, together with phylogenetic methods, represent a useful framework in order to foresee the effects of global change at the community level, and can help predicting the tipping points beyond which a community collapse can occur. The conservation implications of mutualistic disruptions are discussed, and the gaps of knowledge in this field are identified.


Self-assembled helices were used as templates to form helical mesopores in a polymeric matrix. The template was formed from the self-association of 3,5-bis(5-hexylcarbamoylpentyloxy)benzoic acid decyl ester in ethylene glycol diacrylate. The monomer was photopolymerized, and the resulting resin was extracted to remove the template. The helical shape of the pores was proven by TEM and tomographic studies. The ability to form material with high specific areas using tubular templates from the same molecules was also shown.


A black woman singing Marvin Gaye's "What's Going On", a song written in response to police brutality, descends the staircase of a house emblazoned with a banner proclaiming, "Stacey Abrams 2020". She meets three other black women in a courtyard, who pick up and transition her song to "America the Beautiful". As they sing a blend of the two, they are filled with feeling, at turns serious and joyful. One of the women holds a book by Sistah Souljah and an open door offers a glimpse of Obama's "Hope" poster; above them, and the audience, flies the American flag. This is the electric start of The Public's 2019 all-black production of Much Ado About Nothing, wherein director Kenny Leon balances the pleasures of the language and story of one of Shakespeare's best comedies against its potential as a vehicle for investigating urgent socio-political concerns. Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy; however, it is a comedy taking place on the heels of war. The Public's production uses that war, here reimagined as a battle against hate, racism, and forces attacking democracy, as an extremely effective framing device. Leon super-saturates the play's opening with symbols of black struggle, victory, and disappointment, each detail carrying a wealth of coded meaning at once celebrating, mourning, and questioning America. Don Pedro's soldiers clearly spell out the stakes at hand as they march onto the stage holding signs proclaiming, "Hate is not a family value", "Now more than ever we must love", "I am a person", and "Restore Democracy Now". Before the end of the first scene, the overlying message of the production is clear. However, the perhaps more profound move is how the production eases away from this frame for much of the play's action. As the soldiers come to a halt and are released from their rigid stances, they relax into laughter. They put down their signs, and for a moment, for a few acts, they symbolically take a break from the ferocious task of anti-racist work; what follows is


In this study, the Rotifera fauna in Pertek region of Keban Dam Lake was taxonomically investigated between August 2002 and July 2003. Twenty species belonging to the phylum Rotifera were identified, six of which Polyarthra remata, Asplanchna sieboldi, Hexarthra mira, Hexarthra fennica, Testudinella patina and Trichocerca cylindrica were new for this lake.


In this paper, the behavior of the sound field within a shadow zone is briefly examined. Under certain atmospheric conditions, ray acoustics can be used to derive a suitable relationship for the intensity of an "effective shadow zone." The solution obtained by the methods of ray acoustics is compared with the normal‐mode solution of the wave equation, and the basic limitations of both approaches are pointed out. Acoustic measurements recorded during numerous engine tests have indicated that there are two major factors that affect the behavior of the sound field within the shadow zone. These are (1) the magnitude of the surficial velocity gradient, and (2) the surface wind conditions. These two factors have been incorporated into an empirically derived expression for the shadow zone attenuation rate. Using this relationship, it was found that about 90% of the calculated values were within ±5 dB of the measured values.


This study,by testing 25 low-vision students,aims to probe into the effect of word size and word frequency on low-vision students' reading,the word size which helps the students to raise their reading efficiency in their daily learning,and the effect of improving their reading ability on their mental health.The results show the following:(1) The word size and the word frequency have a significant effect in the word-naming task.(2) The word size has no significant effect on the time spent in reading sentences,but the expansion of the word size tends to reduce the time spent in reading.


The article deals with the onset of mixed convection in a porous layer heated from below by considering the effect of inertia when the fluid and solid phases are not in local thermal equilibrium in the frame of a linear stability analysis. The mixed convection is considered in the sense of a mean horizontal pressure gradient. Critical Rayleigh number and wave number are analytically determined in both two-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D cases. In the 2-D case the parameters of the problem are the inertia-modified parameter G ⁄ , porosity-scaled conductivity ratio ∞, and scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient H. In the 3-D case an additional parameter occurs, namely, the angle of roll inclinationfi. The inertia effect acts as a stabilizing factor in the convection onset, and this factor dominates the effect produced by the local thermal nonequilibrium conditions.


Aboveground biomass of trees is the weight of organic matter per unit area of trees. The monitoring and evaluation of aboveground biomass of urban trees is helpful to the construction of garden city. With the development of urbanization and the Continuous urban ecological research, the aboveground biomass of urban trees is getting more important for the study of urban carbon cycle and the construction of ecological city. High resolution remote sensing image, which overcomes the time-consuming and labor-consuming drawbacks of traditional methods, is a data source for estimating the aboveground biomass. In this paper, taking Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China as an example, we use the method of object-oriented classification of Worldwire-03 data to extract Hengqin tree area, and analyze 15 feature parameters in remote sensing images including vegetation indexes and texture features. Combined with field measurement and aboveground biomass computation, we set up Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) model and Random Forest (RF) model for regression. Finally we estimate and discuss the aboveground biomass of trees in Hengqin.


Existing status of air, surface water, urban noise and ecosystem for Yan'an City was analyzed based on monitoring data of 1996~2000, the control measures were proposed as well.


The use of sewage sludge as an organic fertiliser under South African conditions is an alternative disposal route to sacrificia l land disposal. However, the lack of research done under South African conditions and the conservative nature of the heavy metal guidelines, when interpreted as total metal content is limiting the agricultural use of sludge. A glasshouse experiment, which forms part of a greater project, was conducted to characterise soil-plant interactions of the main sludge-borne heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in two sludges (low metal and high metal) to different soil types (clayey, loamy and sandy) on maize seedlings. Growth differences, heavy metal accumulation in plant parts and soil-metal concentrations (total and potentially available) were deter mined. The low metal sludge treatment showed the highest yield for maize seedlings when compared to controls (soil unamended and inorganic fertiliser added). The amendment of sludge to the soil did indicate higher heavy metal content, although the increase was not as predicted, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a representative sample in the soil. Except for Cd, heavy metal values i n the soils (at the beginning and end of experiment) exceeded guidelines due to very high background values in the soil. No negative effects of heavy metal contamination in plant parts of the crops could be proven. Results showed that application of sludge to different soils could be useful in order to increase crop growth over a 28 d period in the glasshouse. Soil, plant and water qu ality monitoring, together with the prevention of metals entering the plant, is a prerequisite in order to prevent potential health h azards of sludge application to agricultural land.


The market impact of planning policy became the focus of the debate on state-market relations (Heurkens et al., 2015). This research aims to expand this debate by employing a conceptual framework of market sustainability to ask whether regeneration policies have assisted Manchester office market evolving sustainably in the notion of market maturity, investment competitiveness and economic resilience. Since the late 1970s, property-led regeneration has been one of prevailing planning instruments expected to deliver economic growth through real estate development. Despite receiving criticism on lacking the social focus, the main purpose of property-led regeneration is to foster economic development of cities; however, little attention is drawn to test the policy outcomes in the context of economic sustainability. The investigation upon the historical evolution of policy impact on property market explains the long-term effect of economic sustainability reflecting the extent of market maturity, competitiveness and resilience since the behaviour of real estate market is highly sensitive to cyclical movements in economy indicating the various concerns over investment risk. A hybrid method is employed by firstly constructing the regeneration office index as well as conducting 22 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Office market in Manchester is an interesting case since it expanded substantially from the 1980s and arguably claimed to be the second largest market outside London by the late 1990s as a popular real estate investment hub for institutional investors. The research suggests that this market transformation is likely attributed to the city's regeneration strategies, which intentionally enlarged the scale of office market particularly since the 1980s. Empirical evidence from this study suggests that the dominant entrepreneurism of urban regeneration led by the City Council over time could inadvertently contribute to the increase of systemic risk through the financialization of property market.


In this work, we have numerically integrated in space and time the effective-mass nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for an electron wave packet in a bilayer electron system. Considering both polarized and unpolarized magnetic phases, we have calculated the tunneling dynamics between the two quantum wells when an external bias is applied. In our coupled quantum well system, we have considered a magnetic phase transition from the usual spin-polarized ground state to an unpolarized one. We have found the possibility of having a shift in the position of the resonant tunneling peak when the magnetic phase transition occurs.


Let G be a connected graph, the principal ratio of G is the ratio of the maximum and minimum entries of its Perron eigenvector. In 2007, Cioabǎ and Gregory conjectured that among all connected graphs on n vertices, the kite graph attains the maximum principal ratio. In 2018, Tait and Tobin confirmed the conjecture for sufficientlty large n. In this article, we show the conjecture is true for all n ≥ 5000.


A new federal agency—approved last month by the United States Congress—is already off to a rocky start. The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), proposed by President Biden in 2021, aims to tackle the most intractable biomedical problems by funding innovative, high-risk, high-reward research and swiftly turning discoveries into treatments and cures. But Congress gave the agency a much smaller budget than sought by the administration—$ 1 billion over 3 years, a fraction of the $6.5 billion requested. And as happens whenever there is new money and a new federal agency, a political scrum has erupted over who should control ARPA-H. It is now expected to answer to both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). If it is to deliver on its mission, ARPA-H needs to be an autonomous entity that approaches biomedical research in a way never done before by the federal government. The stakes are high: If ARPA-H fails to produce new clinical advances relatively quickly, it will erode trust in US science. It's time for clear thinking and action about what it will take to make ARPA-H successful.


WHAT IS believed to be the biggest ever survey of the nursing workforce in England and Wales has shown a 20per cent variation in the number of nurses per ward across NHS trusts. The difference could amount to hundreds of thousands of pounds per trust.


With pyrolysis experiment, we extracted and analyzed the soluble organic matter from original samples of hydrocarbon source rock of Jurassic coal measures in Zhungeer basin and residual of different temperature, treated residual kerogen, measured R \-o and TOC, and gave chromatograph and mass spectrograph test to some sample series The results indicate that there is some geological and geochemical difference of hydrocarbon source rock of coal measures at different thermal evolution stage, natural gas generated at low evolution stage and thermal degradation stage is the result of different thermodynamic conditions and chemical reaction of mother matter of gas generation At low evolution stage, the vitrinite reflectance of source rock does not increase much, usually R \-o0 7% The analytical results of soluble organic matter of original samples and residue in pyrolysis experiment indicate that hydrocarbon gas is mainly from releasing of radicals of original soluble organic matter and thermal degradation of marginal hydrocarbon (polar component) of large\|molecule bitumen and kerogen At thermal degradation\|thermal cracking stage, the temperature of hydrocarbon source rock increases following the increase of buried depth, and thermal evolution relatively accelerates, the vitrinite reflectance increases from 0 55%~0 70% to 1 40%~1 70% quickly, at the same time, the thermodynamic effect is big enough to destroy the constitutional hydrocarbon of kerogen to generate oil and gas, it is the time of kerogen to release a lot of hydrocarbon Geochemical parameters at this stage show properties of thermal degraded constitutional hydrocarbon of kerogen


Production of recombinant human serum albumin with rice albuminous cell as biological reactor is carried out by taking rice albuminous cell protein as storage site for recombinant protein, taking rice albuminous specific expression starter and signal peptide, entering inductive recombinant human serum albumin into inner-film system of rice serum albumin cell and storing it in rice albuminous protein. It is cheap, has more yield and higher expression.


This chapter is about the musical diversity in the community of Salvador do Sul, Brazil, and its relationship with music education. Souza investigates music in everyday life in this fascinating locale by exploring the relationship between the musical practices in the family and Catholic Church. She brings this rich musical community to life for the reader through music and stories via an engaging documentary film in Portuguese that accompanies the chapter. Using Bozon's method of field analysis and Montereiro's concept of music sociography, Souza focuses on the processes and values surrounding music education in the everyday lives of a German-Brazilian community. The discussion shows music's sociability in the teaching and learning of musical know-how and heritage, emphasizing the underestimated significance of music education beyond formal schooling in the cultural life of community.