All metal implants in human bodies corrode, which results in metal ion release. This is not necessarily a problem and represents for most patients no hazard. However, both local and systemic effects are possible, including hypersensitivity. To avoid this, coatings on standard implants (monoor multi-layer) and surface modifications have been developed and are in use. This chapter explains the background of metal ion release, biological reactions, coating technologies, biotribological and biomechanical properties, as well as the clinical results of modern knee arthroplasty implant coatings. There is no general concern about metal ion release from CoCrMo standard implants for most patients. If patients present with a confirmed metal allergy, a multilayer-coated or oxidized zirconium implant is currently the best option for these patients.


The life-cycle of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, in Massachusetts has been worked out and compared with the records for other parts of the country. An attempt to find an efficient insecticide for the destruction of adult bugs without injuring the vines was unsuccessful. Brief notes on a Tachinid parasite, Trichopoda pennipes are given.


Universities all over the world have green spaces (GS) as an integral part of their campuses because of the significant benefits derived from them. Aside enhancing the image of universities, GS influence the academic performance of students by reducing stress. This paper examines the preferences and uses of green spaces on UCC campus by non-African foreign students (NAFS). Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and by the use of Arc-GIS 10.1 software. Sixteen NAFS were interviewed during the second semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. The study found that the usage of GS was influenced by factors such as easy access to Wi-Fi connectivity, proximity of GS to lecture and residential facilities, fresh air they provide, the aesthetic nature of those spaces, and the quiet/serene environment they offer. The respondents also lamented on the use of GS as pathways by other users. Hence, the study recommends that future development plans of the university in terms of siting of lecture theaters and residential facilities should be green space friendly.


that can be observed querying digitalized corpora and gathering speakers' judgments, proposes viable representations for each the formalisms developed in the field of general and


At the risk of seeming to be an immodest American guest here in Scandinavia, I should like to comment on Hultkrantz' article (CA 9:289-310) and the sharp rebuke it provoked from three other Scandinavian anthropologists (CA 10: 221-22). It would be gratuitous to assign this conflict to the perennial Scandinavian rivalries of Swedes vs. Norwegians vs. Danes and permutations thereof. I believe that the controversy rests on two major problems: (1) the context in which Hultkrantz' article was presented, and (2) the changing character of the anthropological sciences (particularly sociocultural anthropology) in Scandinavia. Through the medium of CA* treatment, many interesting comments on Hultkrantz' article were expressed, but one comment, by Weaver, seemed to me to be particularly appropriate and refers to my first point. Weaver was misled, as was I, to believe that Hultkrantz' aim, as indicated by his title, was to present the anthropological sciences as they are practiced in Scandinavia. Perhaps Leser, who quoted from the original paper, could tell us whether the misunderstanding comes from translation. CA articles are generally of a summary nature, offering commentary upon a specified body of material and relating it to the wider interests of anthropology. While not all articles live up to these lofty standards, a good many do; CA readers have come to expect much from their authors. Thus, I feel, Hultkrantz' article was mistitled and, therefore, somewhat misleading. If he had slightly altered the format (written as it was, we are told, for Scandinavians considering the adoption of "American anthropology") and changed his title to, say, "A Commentary on American Goals in Anthropology," or, better, "American vs. European Goals," then at least some of the criticism springing from misunderstanding might have been avoided. Perhaps he did not do this because of its possible confusion with the Ishida debate (CA 6:303-18). As it was, the article appeared to be representing the view of anthopology as it exists in Scandinavia when, in fact, it dealt with a more general European philosophy. It is significant hat the two Scandinavian colleagues who commented on his article, Birket-Smith and Erixon, restricted their comments largely to substantive matters, with Erixon's comments filling in much of the "practical" information, as requested by Weaver, for Sweden. Thus, in the context of CA, the article, I feel, was not as successful as it might have been had the emphasis been more realistically defined. Fortunately, as most of the CA* comments revealed, Hultkrantz' point of view was understood generally, except by the most chauvinistic Americans who felt insulted and were overprotective of the academic interests they felt Hultkrantz was threatening. Hultkrantz feels that his article need not have devoted itself to practical issues such as the locations of departments of anthropological sciences, books and articles recently published in Scandinavia, and current theoretical interests. Still, it is surprising to me that, purporting, as he did, to be speaking for Scandinavians, he did not modify his article to include at least some of this information for CA readers. I may be stating the obvious when I say that CA is not the ordinary anthropological journal and that its particular point of view and its audience are unique in the field. A man of Hultkrantz' experience and capabilities could easily have adapted his article to this aspect of CA's needs. As it was, the article remained an interesting view of Americant work, principally in cultural anthropology, but did little to help the reader to understand anthropological science in Scandinzvia. A comparison of Hultkrantz' article with his CA comments, with those writing in Ishida, and with Hofer's article (CA 9:311-15) will reveal that it is more concerned with differing European and American views than with anything uniquely Scandinavian. Perhaps it is true that Scandinavians are in no way different from their continental colleagues, but I doubt it. The inclusion of the adjective "Scandinavian" in his article, I feel, reveals the author's nationality and little else. Hultkrantz has offered an interesting point of view which is also true for many Europeans looking at American anthropology; he could have easily omitted this geographical referent and no one would have noticed its absence. Now, I would like to see a contribution focusing on Scandinavian work. By such admittedly piecemeal methods, CA readers will be better able to understand anthropological science as it is practiced in the various parts of the world. The second point I wish to mention is the changing character of the anthropological sciences in Scandinaviaparticularly of sociocultural anthropology and folklife research. I must say that the reply of "the Bergen school" did little to improve CA readers' understanding of Scandinavian anthropology, but it did show a facet of the sharp split between "the old men "and "the warlike young social anthropologists" here. The work being done at Bergen is indeed impressive, I believe, and these three men are justifiably indignant at being represented to CA's worldwide readership by Hultkrantz' article. However, their answer could have been much more effective if it had pointed to some of the theoretical as well as substantive issues in Scandinavian anthropology, instead of merely lambasting Hultkrantz. I shouldn't have to talk to Norwegians about herrings, red or otherwise, but it does seem that their comments might better have detailed specifically where Hultkrantz errs on Scandinavian research. Trying to debate what American anthropology isor is not, is not really the point. The point is, gentlemen, what is anthropological science in Scandinavia ? If Hultkrantz, or anyone else for that matter, intends to discuss "anthropology" in Scandinavia, then he must be aware of the various meanings this word has for different people, and he must be clear in just which sense he himself is using it. This, of course, is the central, prescriptive point of Hultkrantz' article. Any successor to Hultkrantz who intends to discuss anthropological science as portrayed by the CA vignette must inevitably take his essay into account and extend his descriptive remarks. I completely agree with Hultkrantz' view, expressed in his rejoinder (CA 10:222), that folk life research must be included in any discussion of Scandinavian anthropology. One need merely mention the work ofsuch groups asNEFA (Nordisk Etnologisk-Folkloristisk Arbejdsgruppe) and their programs of summer fieldwork seminars and publications of community studies. I might easily be criticized for not "being on the inside," as Hultkrantz and Siverts et al. accuse each other, and, for at least that reason alone, I shall not state my opinions of Scandinavian work at this time. I would like my comments here to be taken as an attempt to clear the air so that more fact and less polemic about Scandinavian work may emerge. I hope that there is now in preparation a strong article devoted to the current situation in Scandinavia-not as an "answer" to Hultkrantz' paper but, rather, as a supplement o it.


Collaborative online is advantageous in developing team building skills through computer mediated leaning. The study has focussed on the user experiences of using collaborative online learning. According to the findings there are both positive and negative user experiences. Since the collaborative online learning supports in developing communication, team building, decision making and negotiation skills it is important to improve the collaborative online learning. This study can be further improved through developing suitable guidelines to create collaborative online learning.


Since the election of a conservative government in Seoul in 2008, the situation on the Korean peninsula has deteriorated considerably. President Lee Myung bak's hard-line policy toward the North provoked a Northern backlash and inter Korean relations have nosedived. As a result, the ROK has sidelined itself from the diplomatic process of searching for a solution to the North Korean security problem which does not bring such a solution any closer, which in turn causes concern. The ROK international position and its leverage in North Korea seem to have deteriorated. Russia supports North South Korean reconciliation and cooperation as a prerequisite for promoting peace and security in the neighboring area, which is the chief goal of Russian strategy on the Korean peninsula. A deterioration in the situation is not in line with Russian policies on Korea and Russian concepts of the desired state of affairs in this region. The US conservative administration similarly started with a hard line policy toward Pyongyang but had to turn to dialogue and search for a compromise. In line with policy coordination with the US, the Lee Myung bak's government should study this lesson and hopefully turn to more pragmatic policy sooner than the former did. That would create the necessary prerequisites for a broader degree of cooperation between Moscow and Seoul in Korean affairs and would benefit Russia, South and North Korea alike.


The paper illuminates OEM is an effective approach of tacit knowledge transfer through the South Korea Samsung Electron case.Thus,OEM is a cost-effective technology innovation path of the local enterprises in the developing countries.At the end of the paper,by analyzing technology developmenttrack in the developed countries,we draw a conclusion which is that a feasible path of the technology innovation of local enterprises in the developing countries would be embedding the technology development track of developed countries with the OEM-ODM-OBM model, and ultimately run in the same technology development track.


This paper first analyzes the existing articles,finding out shortcomings of single method.With the idea of combination,it then constructs a fitted model of RD expenditures,in which the weight is determined by the ant colony algorithm.Findings of empirical research show that: the fitted model based on ant colony algorithm can fit more accurately to the scientific research and experimental development expenditures data.This paper,on one hand,verifies that the use of ant colony algorithm in the field is scientific and rational,and provides some guidelines that should help relevant departments to make decisions.On the other hand,it laid a foundation for the ant colony algorithm in the relevant field.


The human serum amyloid A (SAA) gene family consists of two acute phase genes, SAA1 and SAA2; a pseudogene, SAA3 and a fourth gene, SAA4. The existence of SAA4 was first described in this laboratory. Subsequently, Sack & Talbol isolated a clone, designated GSAA4, which had homology to SAA3. The clone was described as the same as SAA4 and was characterized as a pseudogene. However, our restriction site and sequence analyses of SAA4 demonstrated that SAA4 and GSAA4 are separate entities. SAA4 encodes a functional, constitutively expressed protein.


Acute exertional compartment syndrome secondary to minor soft tissue injury with involvement of the superficial posterior compartment is rare. The diagnosis is often overlooked and posses a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians when presented with a case of an acutely swollen painful calf with no history of obvious trauma. This report highlights two patients who presented to casualty with an acute swollen painful limb after minor unaccustomed exercise had been misdiagnosed as deep vein thrombosis and subsequently lead to delay in management. Clinician should not dismiss this possibility of acute exertional compartment syndrome as a differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis should be positively excluded before indiscriminate treatment of anticoagulants. Early recognition and surgical intervention will prevent potentially catastrophic morbidity


Three species of Rhyacionia tip moths (Olethreutidae) attack pine trees in the Southeastern United States. Identification of adults reared from 22 samples of infested pine tips collected in 7 States showed that nearly half the samples contained more than 1 species of tip moth. Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) was present in all samples. In samples of mixed composition, the second species was either R. rigidana (Fernald) or R. subtropica Miller. Binomial confidence intervals are proposed for practical use in diagnosing the species involved in infestations from samples of identified moths. Further, a guide is presented to help identify the species of larval and adult specimens. Setal characters are used for differentiation of tip moth larvae, and wing color pattern, wing length, and genital characters for differentiation of adults.


An experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer in heated vertical ducts dissipating heat from the internal surface is presented. The ducts are open-ended and circular in cross section. The test section is electrically heated imposing the circumferentially and axially constant wall heat flux. Heat transfer experiment is carried out for four different channels of 45mm. internal diameter and 3.8mm thickness with length varying from 450mm to 850mm. Ratios of length to diameter of the channel are taken as L/D = 10, 12.22, 15.56, and 18.89. Wall heat fluxes are maintained at q // = 250 to 3341 W/m 2 . The studies are also carried out on intensified channels of the same geometrical sizes with the discrete rings of rectangular section. Thickness of the rings are taken as t = 2.0, 3.0, 3.8mm; step size (s) of the rings are varying from 75mm to 283.3mm and the other ratios are taken as: ratio s/D = 1.67 to 6.29, ratio t/D = 0.044 to 0.084 and ratio s / t = 19.74 to 141.65. A systematic experimental database for the local steady state natural convection heat transfer behaviour is obtained. The effects of L/D ratio and wall heating condition on local steady-state heat transfer phenomena are studied. The effects of ring thickness and ring spacing on heat transfer behaviour are observed. The present experimental data is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results for the cases of vertical smooth tubes and also for tubes with discrete rings. KeywordsHeat flux, heat transfer, natural convection, ring spacing, ring thickness


It is now recognized that the uncertainty caused by the international COVID-19 pandemic can lead to excessive, intense, and repeated mental health problems such as obsessive-compulsive traits and disturbed sleep quality. These psychological responses affect the well-being of individuals and can persist long after the outbreak. Health care workers can be viewed as more vulnerable to these psychological consequences, particularity the younger students such as the first academic year nursing students. Thus, the present study aimed to determine and explore the impact of fear of COVID-19 on obsessive-compulsive traits and sleep quality among the first-academic year nursing students. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt. Subjects: A representative sample of 275 first-year undergraduate students. Tools: Online web-based electronic questionnaires were used including A socio-demographic and Academic Data, FCV-19S, AOCS and ISI. Results: Results of the study revealed that 61.1% of the studied students had a moderate level of fear of COVID-19 pandemic and 8.7% of them had a severe level. As well, 35.3% of those students had a moderate level of obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits and 4.7% of them had a severe level of OC traits. In addition, 14.2% of them had a moderate level of insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic. Regression analysis indicates that fear of COVID-19 pandemic was a predictor of both obsessive compulsive traits (P=0.000) and insomnia severity (P=0.052). Conclusion: level of fear of COVID- 19 pandemic can predict the OC traits and insomnia severity levels among studied nursing students. Hence, early detection, picking up and effectively treating students who have intense fears of COVID 19 are emphasized before they evolve to more complex and enduring obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Immediate interventions via multidisciplinary teams, including academic mental health professionals, to the vulnerable group of students are recommended.


Studies on release and recovery of native parasitoids viz. Megastigmus sp and Aprostocetus gala Walker of eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle, were conducted during 2008-09. The results indicated that there was a gradual increase in the per cent parasitization of these parasitoids under green house conditions. During November 2008, 10.83 per cent parasitization by Megastigmus was observed which increased to 23.27 per cent parasitization in September 2009 and 28.33 per cent parasitization during October 2009. The parasitization by Aprostocetus gala was to the extent of 16.45 per cent.


1-2 YRS 3-4 YRS 5-6 YRS 7+ YRS VIEWPOINT & RATING The Fund is managed by Evans and Partners' Sydney-based global equities team. The Fund provides investors with a concentrated, fundamental value style exposure to the global equities market with a multi-national industrial sector bias. Given the Fund's concentrated investment process, Zenith believes Evans and Partners is adequately resourced to manage the Fund. However, our conviction is moderated by the investment team's limited experience working together and relatively short, albeit impressive, track record. Zenith rates the Fund APPROVED. Evans and Partners is a diversified wealth, advisory and asset management business, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. Incorporated in April 2007, Evans and Partners has offices in both Sydney and Melbourne, and is wholly owned by staff and board members. Evans and Partners' services include asset management, institutional and corporate advisory, private wealth and managed accounts. As at 30 September 2016, Evans and Partners had funds under management of $A 927 million in its global equities strategy. In September 2016, Evans and Partners announced a merger with Dixon Advisory to form Evans Dixon, a diversified wealth management business. Evans and Partners will retain its independence but the deal will add scale to its existing asset management division. Zenith believes such corporate activity has the potential to be disruptive. As a result, we will continue to monitor the transition closely. The Evans and Partners global equity investment team of four is led by Stephen Arnold, who retains ultimate responsibility for the Fund. Prior to joining Evans and Partners, Arnold was a senior analyst at Global Value Investors and held a number of investment management roles in London. With over 25 years investment management experience, Zenith believes Arnold is a competent and capable investor. However, we believe that he has limited portfolio management experience relative to peers. Arnold is directly supported in the management of the Fund by Nick Cregan. Evans and Partners' investment philosophy is based on the belief that owning a concentrated portfolio of wealth-creating businesses enables investors to earn above market returns over the cycle. By using conservative valuation techniques, Evans and Partners seeks to identify companies which can earn high cash returns on invested capital and trade at a discount to their intrinsic value. Evans and Partners expects the majority of the Fund's performance to be an outcome of its value investment process. Although the Fund has a limited track record, Zenith believes Evans and Partners' process is sound, and we gain conviction from the in-depth fundamental research conducted by the investment team. Zenith considers the management cost applicable to the Fund to be higher than most of its global equity peers.


Molecular techniques are now widely applied in Australia and elsewhere for the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in clinical specimens and culturally enhanced material. All nucleic acid testing methods have the potential to give false negative results due to mutations that may arise at primer or probe binding sites. We describe one such strain of M. tuberculosis that was encountered in 1995 and that has not been encountered in Australia since.


On August 12, 2010 the Clark County Historical Society unveiled a permanent exhibit entitled "The Archaeology of Clark County" in the Heritage Center of Clark County, located at 117 South Fountain Avenue, Springfield, Ohio. This exhibit contains numerous artifacts, which for many years had been on display in the museum in Memorial Hall, the former home of the Clark County Historical Society. About 1985, Memorial Hall was closed and the collections were packed up and moved into storage. In 2001, the historic City Building in downtown Springfield, built in 1890, became the new home of the Clark County Historical Society and is now known as the Heritage Center. It has been developed into a spectacular museum with a major focus on the history and growth of Springfield and Clark County, as well as housing thousands of historical items in its collections. Some of the prehistoric Native American artifacts in the collection have been displayed each year during September and October especially for the benefit of local school classes, but these displays were only temporary. The new exhibit is a permanent feature and contains many of the most significant artifacts from the collection, including items from some of the mound sites in Clark County excavated and/or studied by Arthur Altick in the 1930's and 1940's.


Stable generation of quasi-monoenergetic electron beams using laser-driven plasma-based acceleration has been achieved by suppressing a nanosecond prepulse accompanying an ultrashort intense laser pulse. The probability of quasi-monoenergetic electron beam generation is close to 90%. Even with an average of more than 30 shots, the peak energy of 50 MeV and the number of electrons in the monoenergetic peak of 1.5×108 have been obtained using an 8.5-TW, 50-fs laser pulse.


Identities of various kinds have been a popular topic for some time now in Anglo-Saxon studies. Ethnic identities and concepts of the gens or nation have probably garnered most attention, with important contributions from Susan Reynolds, Patrick Wormald, Nicholas Howe and others. Old English poetry has provided material for investigations of the individual and the subject. The study under review, however, opens up an important new angle by addressing the question of agency. This is a term we tend to take for granted, but as Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe convincingly shows, we cannot afford to do so. Focusing on texts produced in the milieu of reformed Benedictine monasticism, she examines how agency is expressed through obedience--to the Rule, monastic superiors and God-ordained destiny--and how this in turn produces monastic and sometimes saintly identity. In a series of detailed close-readings she finds that the celebration of obedience produces various tensions to do with personal will and choice, but she also teaches modern readers to beware of our common-sense assumptions about what it means to be an agent.


The 'new variant famine' hypothesis (NVF) provides an analytical framework and a set of predictions regarding future food crises in poor countries stricken by generalized epidemics of HIV/AIDS. This paper summarises the principal claims made by NVF and evaluates recent evidence for and against the hypothesis. It concludes that two of the major components of NVF (concerning patterns of vulnerability and trajectories of livelihoods) are thus far, supported by empirical data and that a third component (concerning mortality) is as yet untested. The positive evidence is, however, still sparse.


One of the main interesting topic in algebra is to find the roots of non-zero polynomials and writing down them explicitly over a given field K. The case which we consider in this project is the space of quadratic forms, which are homogeneous polynomials of degree 2, over Q. If they arise over Z, then we can study the zeros of these quadratic form by looking at them over Zp and study if that has zero in
Zp or not. By Hensels lemma, this studied over the reduction modulo p.


A 68-year-old man presents with an erythematous rash on his upper chest ([Figure 1][1]) and cheeks ([Figure 2][2]). He developed the rash 6 months ago and is now concerned about its appearance and spread to adjacent areas. He says that 2 weeks ago he noticed his right arm had a mottled appearance ([


This article describes the development and evaluation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes of teachers towards inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN). A questionnaire on attitudes of teachers towards these students was designed paying attention to three different levels: knowledge and attitude towards disability, organization of the educational response created to help students with SEN, and professional skills to adequately respond to the SEN students. The suitability of the instrument was assessed takng into account its content validity, reliability and underlying structure. Six different key dimensions, related to the investigations that have been carried out so far, were analyzed. These dimensions justified, from their theoretical point of view, their value.


This paper examines the historical development of the folk Spring Festival pictures from the drawing to the printing in Gaomi, Shandong Province; meanwhile, it explodes the deep influence of the printing language skills on the development of the folk Spring Festival pictures and the characteristics of the block folk Spring Festival pictures.


TH I S DISCUSSION of developing a college library staff for both the functional and the subject organization of the library is limited to the college library, because its work differs from that of a university in being concerned chiefly with undergraduates and with one educational unit. The staff as here considered includes the librarian and professional assistants, but not the student or clerical staff. Functional organization of the library includes the plan of operation and service, such as work in acquisitions, cataloging, lending, and reference. Subject organization covers background and knowledge in subject fields of the professionally trained staff. Developing the library staff begins with the librarian, for the library will seldom be better than its librarian. I do not agree unqualifiedly with the president of Brown University when he says, "The least important qualification of the librarian is his training." The very nature of his position and the function of the college library make the training of the librarian important. He should be a scholar and have the attitude of a first-rate teacher, but he must go even further—he must know the functional organization of material and the administration of personnel. 1 Wriston, Henry M. "College and University Libraries." In Danton, Emily M., ed. Library of Tomorrow. A.L.A., 1939. p. 147. Assuming a good general education, the librarian should be trained in technique (not necessarily routine) and this training should be followed by discipline in service, in order to know applied technique. The functional processes of a wellorganized library are inseparably interwoven, and each process in its relation to all others needs clear understanding on the part of the administrative head. In short, nothing else entirely takes the place of training and experience. For this reason, it seems to me, the college librarian should not be one who steps from library school, undergraduate or graduate, into this administrative position. The trained person who knows first hand the toils and problems of acquisition, circulation, reference, and even cataloging work, is better able to organize the library; better able to develop a normal or superior staff; and better able to meet with assurance and decision the administrative problems to be discussed with the administrative head of the college. Such a librarian inspires the confidence of the staff and commands its respect, without which the service of the library suffers. The librarian needs "a command of library procedures on which to build professional performance." There seems to be a tendency nowadays to waive much of this in filling certain positions. More men, for instance, are being appointed to executive positions—an undesirable policy unless the man is ap-


This paper describes two methods for measuring the complex permittivity of a dielectric material at microwave (18-25 GHz) and mm-wave (72, 80 and 90 GHz) frequencies. Two separate measurement systems with vector network analyzers are used. One based on rectangular waveguide for microwave frequencies and the other based an open resonator for mm-wave frequencies. Estimates are provided for the uncertainties of the two measurement systems.


. The author presents two recursive determinations of the sum of positive divisors of a given positive integer. Each recurrence is then discussed with regard to economy of computation, and in this light is compared with the well-known recurrence of Niven and Zuckerman. As far as methods of proof are concerned, everything is accomplished within the algebra of formal power series.


Climate change and its consequences, for example for sea level, will have serious effects on the safety of people and economic assets in coastal areas. The uncertainties inherent in climate change necessitate new concepts of coastal protection and risk management. In the project Xtrem Risk, the 'source pathway receptor' concept will be used as a basis for risk analysis and the development of new strategies.


The model of a dipole‐dipole magnet previously developed1,2 has applied to a KEr(MoO4)2 crystal with two paramagnetic ions in an orthorhombic unit cell. The erbium ion in the compound has a large anisotropy of an effective g tensor which, in turn, leads to Ising‐like behavior in the magnetic subsystem. As had been done earlier,2 we had calculated the dipole configuration with the lowest energy, thus obtaining the ground‐state structure that would appear at the magnetic phase transition. This dipole structure consists of ferromagnetic chains aligned along the c axis and antiferromagnetically coupled along a and b axes. The results were compared with recently done measurements of magnetic moment and low‐temperature magnetic susceptibility.3 Calculated dipole ground energy E min=−1.325 K is in reasonable agreement with the experimental value of Tn=0.9 K. The obtained easy‐axis direction along the c axis also agreed with experiment. The phase transition observed in crystal at H∥c in our model results in a tra...


In the last few years there has been growing excitement about the 'molecular revolution' that seems to offer both a promise and a threat at the same time. As more and more diseases are shown by research to be linked to a genetic cause, the field of prevention will potentially be revolutionized: genetic research has highlighted the fact that the conditions depending on the genetic makeup of a person are much more than the traditionally known Mendelian diseases, and range from metabolic disorders to susceptibility to certain types of cancer. In addition to this, it is well known that most of diseases causing disability and death in the western world are chronic diseases, best dealt with through prevention rather than treatment. There are few doubts that future medicine will move in the direction of "testing before" rather than "curing after". In this scenario, the healthcare system of the next decades will be able to dispense with most of the clinical activity as we know it today, as genetic knowledge will provide a "gateway" for referring patients to the form of treatment most adequate to each individual case. As a result, physicians will probably have to face the challenge of playing a completely new role. However, so far, genetic knowledge has affected only marginally the everyday practice of medical professionals, who therefore run the risk of being "overcome" by their sudden impact in the near future. An opportunity to reflect upon genetic technologies and their impact on the medical profession was provided by the International Workshop held on September 22nd at the Ospedale della Versilia, within the 3rd edition of the Viareggio Health Festival. This year's Festival had the title "Genetic Testing and Hereditary Diseases: Between the Right not to Know and the Duty to Inform", and was aimed to investigate the ethical and legal aspects of medical genetic information, and the establishment of proper ways of handling it within the patientclinician relationship. The first form of genetic knowledge is the deterministic one that exists in the case of Mendelian diseases like cystic fibrosis or chromosomal abnormalities such as the Down syndrome. These diseases cannot be cured, but the presence of the chromosomal or genetic abnormality can be established before birth by performing a test on the pregnant woman. In Italy, the law (DM 10/10/98, D. lgs. 22910/06/1999, "Decreto Bindi") has established that all pregnant women considered to be in a risk category familial or age-related have the right to free access to the test, leaving it to each region to set up specific screening programs. The tests in question are invasive and represent a risk for the pregnancy;


Abstract:  A primary challenge to implementing structural health monitoring techniques on civil infrastructure is the identification of structural changes in the presence of natural changes in structural response due to environmental variables such as temperature. Data from the Z24 Bridge recorded over the course of nearly a year are analyzed in this article. Covariance‐driven Stochastic Subspace Identification is applied to the data to identify the modal parameters of the structure. A large number of numerical poles are identified with the real physical poles. A Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm is then used to extract parameters indicative of the bridge's state from the mixture of real and numerical poles. The main benefit of this approach is the lack of need for mode shape information and thus its applicability to structures monitored with spatially sparse sensor grids. The method is shown to provide very encouraging results in separating the response data from the Z24 Bridge in healthy and damaged states in varying environmental conditions. The method does not explicitly identify the changes due to environmental variables but it is found that the changes in the parameters identified due to damage are greater than those due to environmental variability and therefore may be flagged. The procedure is also applied successfully to a second data set obtained from monitoring a tall building over several years of its early life to identify gradual or sudden structural changes.


Zinc oxide (ZnO)-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) nanocomposite thin films have been grown by chemical bath deposition method. The changes in structural and chemical properties were studied by means of x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average crystallite size of ZnO doped with 0.1 and 0.5 wt% SWCNTs was measured about 14.69 and 17.76 nm, respectively. Texture coefficient of the carbon peak (002) was investigated as more than 3.2995 for ZnO mixed with 0.5 wt% SWCNTs. SEM images revealed the ZnO and SWCNTs entangled between the particles. TEM images estimated the inner and outer diameters of SWCNTs to be about 4.86 and 11.32 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis proved the formation of Zn-O and C bonding in the thin films. The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was found to depend on the loading of SWCNTs. The power conversion efficiency increased from 0.078 to 0.684% after loading with 0.1 wt% SWCNTs. Higher amount of SWCNTs (0.5 wt%) was determined as ineffective in improving the performance of ZnO-based DSSCs.


This paper aims to investigate experimentally the influence of replacing cement with different fineness of fly ash based on flowability, passing ability, compressive strength, tensile strength (splitting). Concretes with 15% fly ash (passed a number 100 sieve) and fine fly ash (passed a number 200 sieve) as cement replacement were cast and tested at 7, 14, 28 days after water curing. A superplasticizer in the form of viscocrete 3115 N was constantly used for each concrete mixtures as much as 1% by weight of cement. The results show that the use of fly ash does not significantly increased the compressive strength and tensile strength of SCC mixtures. However, concrete with 15% fine fly ash its self and combined 7.5% fly ash with 7.5% fine fly ash show better flowability and passing ability when compared to concrete with cement only indicating the performance of using smaller particle sizes of fly ash could lead better properties of SCC that can be potentially used for building construction application.


AbstractTwo widely used precipitation analyses are the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) unified global daily gauge analysis and Stage IV analysis based on quantitative precipitation estimate with multisensor observations. The former is based on gauge records with a uniform quality control across the entire domain and thus bears more confidence, but provides only 24-h accumulation at ⅛° resolution. The Stage IV dataset, on the other hand, has higher spatial and temporal resolution, but is subject to different methods of quality control and adjustments by different River Forecasting Centers. This article describes a methodology used to generate a new dataset by adjusting the Stage IV 6-h accumulations based on available joint samples of the two analyses to take advantage of both datasets. A simple linear regression model is applied to the archived historical Stage IV and the CPC datasets after the former is aggregated to the CPC grid and daily accumulation. The aggregated Stage IV analysis is then adjusted b...


In this study an attempt has been made to study the role stress of medical representative. Certain factors of role stress are studied and hypotheses developed and explained with the help of relevant test. The result of the study shows significant differences in most of the factors of role stress and between gender and income of amedical representative. The finding are presented along with conclusions


During the past few years the superconducting properties of mono and multifilamentary MgB2 wires and tapes have been improved considerably. However, not much work has yet been done to cabling procedures that are well known for classical low temperature superconductors, despite the fact that MgB2 conductors can easily be produced in a round-shape geometry. Nowadays, it is a challenge to fabricate MgB2-based cables suitable, for instance, for magnet technology or power transmission. This paper presents a technique for cable production and studies the transport properties of different sub-size MgB2 cables, fabricated from mechanically and electrically-stabilized thin MgB2 strands capable of carrying high critical currents. The cables vary in matrix composition and in the final design. It is shown here that it is possible to construct cables which do not show degradation for the critical current. Furthermore, the possibility of using a very small twist pitch (∼5 mm) in the cables compared to their outer diameter (∼1 mm) indicates a promising future for MgB2 superconductors.


Submonolayer sensitivity to thin‐film nucleation and growth in real time on the millisecond scale has been achieved with a unique rotating polarizer multichannel ellipsometer. Continuous spectra in the ellipsometry angles {ψ(hv),Δ(hv)} consisting of ∼50 points from hv=1.5 to 4.3 eV have been obtained with acquisition and repetition times as short as 16 and 32 ms, respectively. As an example of the instrument capabilities, we present results for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) growth on c‐Si by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition at a rate of 400 A/min. In this example, the acquisition and repetition times are both 64 ms, and at this speed a precision in (ψ,Δ) of ∼0.02–0.03° is obtained under optimum conditions. We observe a‐Si:H nucleation in the first 2 s of deposition, and detect relaxation of nucleation‐induced surface roughness with submonolayer sensitivity.


Orthodontic therapy is no longer restricted only for healthy patients. With the better management of serious medical problems and increased quality of life expectations, medically compromised individuals are now regular visitors to the orthodontic clinics in every part of the world. As such, there is no absolute contraindication of orthodontic treatment in most of these conditions. A slight modification of the normal orthodontic treatment protocol is obligatory in such patients according to their medical condition. This article reviews and suggests the orthodontic treatment protocol for some common medical conditions.


ABSTRACT Purpose: In times of reform and consequential changes, school superintendents act as mediators between government policies and those who implement them in the field. This article explores the perceptions of school superintendents in Israel concerning their professional development (PD) process, especially during the implementation of Israeli educational reforms. Methodology: Research employed in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 34 superintendents to elicit their views on their role and their preferred PD processes. Findings: Analysis of their responses indicated that their views of their role and of current reforms shape their preferences for training and PD. They suggested various strategies to enhance their professional training: (1) regular learning programs throughout the year, (2) a focus on development programs in small homogeneous groups, (3) practice-based learning building on dilemmas from the field, (4) the construction of a professional community of practice as a participatory model for PD and project promotion, (5) updating relevant theoretical knowledge with potential to enhance their role performance, (6) structuring active experiential learning including practical learning in the field, and (7) adaptation of learning institutions' programs for life-long learning over the superintendents' professional life. Recommendations: It is suggested that superintendents' PD should be adapted to the different types of superintendents' specific needs and a supportive institute should be established where they can reflect on issues arising from the field.


braintissues fromhumancasesofrabies andmiceexperimentally infected withthechallenge virus standard (CVS)-11 strain ofrabies virus andstreet rabies virus wereexamined. InCVS-infected mice, genomic RNA hada multifocal distribution intheperikarya ofinfected neurons,perhaps reflecting concentration ofgenomic RNA inviral factories. ThemRNAs were more abundant thangenomic RNAsinCVS-andstreetvirus-infected mouse brains andhada diffuse distribution intheperikarya. Similar amountsofsignal were present ininfected neuronsformRNAscoding for different rabies virus proteins. Inbrain tissues fromhumancasesofrabies, genomic RNA was muchmore abundant thanthemRNAsininfected neurons.Thisfinding suggests either a relative blockatthelevel of transcription orgreater loss ofmRNAsthanofgenomic RNA during theagonal period, postmortem interval, orprior topenetration offixative during immersion fixation. Rabies virus ishighly neurotropic inhumansandanimals andcauses anacuteinfection ofthecentral nervous system (CNS). Thedetection ofrabies virus antigen inCNStissues, performed witheither thefluorescent-antibody technique (11)orimmunohistochemical methods(5,6,10),isvery useful asaconfirmation ofrabies. Thedetection ofmRNA that encodes rabies virus nucleocapsid protein intheCNSof experimentally infected micebyinsitu hybridization was recently reported (10). Inthis study, brain tissues fromtwofatal humancasesof rabies andmiceexperimentally infected witheither the challenge virus standard (CVS)-11 strain offixed rabies virus orafoxsalivary gland isolate ofstreet rabies virus were examined forthepresence ofrabies virus genomic RNA and mRNAscoding foreachofthefive rabies virus proteins (N, NS,M,G,andL)byinsitu hybridization. Adifference inthe subcellular distribution ofgenomic RNA andmRNA was found, andthere wasa majordifference intherelative quantities ofgenomic RNA andmRNAs inmouseand humanbrains.


The present disclosure relates to a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporization system used for vessels propelled by natural gas. More particularly, an LNG vaporization system of a vessel propelled by natural gas includes a gas piping wherein liquefied natural gas flows, a heat supply piping wherein heat exchange medium flows to provide heat for vaporization LNG, and a heat exchanger where heat of heat exchange medium exchange is exchanged with the heat of LNG to vaporize LNG by the exchanged heat and multiple passages: a first passage connected to the gas piping for the flow of LNG, a second passage connected to a heat supply piping for the flow of heat exchange medium, and a third passage supplying heat to at least some part of the second passage when flow rate of heating medium drops below a predetermined level due to the frozen second passage.


: The purpose of this paper is to estimate emotions for music pieces with lyrics. We investigate whether four emotions (happy, sad, angry and relaxed) can be accurately estimated by obtained bio-signals of subjects during music listening by analyzing them with convolutional neural network. Questionnaire responses by subjects are used as the correct labels, and the four emotions are classified by each and combined. The results of the analysis show that the accuracies of the both classification methods highly exceed the chance level. It suggests the possibility of emotion estimation for music listeners by bio-signals.


ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the health status of the mangroveecosystem in El Macio Wildlife Refuge, located in t...


Cecil B. DeMille, the legendary co-founder of Hollywood, progenitor of Paramount studios and unsung auteur was a macho man and master of the American cinema whose indelible biblical epics strongly exuded the resonance of masculinity. Not only were many of his sacred characters scripturally correct, but they frequently reflected DeMille's own virile persona-cum-ethos. Utilizing textually based, humanist film analysis as the guiding methodological lens, the critical film, religion and DeMille literature was reviewed and his biblical (and other) cinema selectively scanned to reveal the theme of masculinity engineered therein. It was concluded that DeMille's trademark aesthetic style and phenomenal box office successes were firmly rooted in his personal courage ethic, directorial control needs and manly idiosyncrasies. Further research into gender studies, masculinity studies, DeMille studies and the emerging interdisciplinary field of religion-and-film was warranted, highly recommended and is already long overdue.


In a recent review by Geer and Shen (1), using the PubMed database and the references cited in these reports, men were reported to have more lean mass and women to have higher adiposity. Men were also found to have more visceral and hepatic adipose tissue, whereas women had more peripheral or subcutaneous adipose tissue. The researchers concluded that these differences, as well as differences in sex hormones and adipokines, may contribute to a more insulin-sensitive environment in women than in men. When they normalized to kilograms of lean body mass, men and women had similar resting energy expenditure, but physical energy expenditure was more closely related to percent body fat in men than in women. Greater amounts of visceral and hepatic adipose tissue, in conjunction with the …


The radicals produced during γ radiolysis of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and t-butanol have been trapped by reaction with 2-nitroso-2-methylpropane (t-nitrosobutane) to give nitroxides which are detected by e.s.r.All the alcohols gave alkoxy radicals and, with the exception of t-butanol, radicals derived by the loss of an H atom from the carbon atom adjacent to the OH group. Methyl radicals were detected in t-butanol.


Chris Curtis is chairman of The Swallows, a charity that supports head and neck cancer patients and seeks to raise awareness of the disease. He talks to Simon Tucker


This proposal defends the utility of a Console class that supports text-based I/O similar to that of a traditional console. At the same time, the proposal does not seek to specify a detailed design for such a class. There are many tradeoffs in such a design that need to be considered, and I think it would be most appropriate for the Task Force to make the final decision based on an examination of the many designs for such a class that already exist.


This paper introduces UPCSat-1, the first project of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya to build and launch a pico-satellite. Its main scope is to develop, construct, assembly, test and launch into a Low Earth Orbit a CubeSat that will carry a simple optical payload and some technological demonstrators. On one hand, this is mainly an educational project in which the development of some of the subsystems is carried out by Master Thesis students. On the other hand, the satellite becomes an optimum platform to perform small scientific experiments, and to demonstrate some of the new technologies that it incorporates.


Error performance in optical communication, where the information is transmitted by means of the differential pulse-position modulated optical carrier, is discussed. Additive independent background radiation and thermal noise are taken into account. Both threshold type and maximum value type of decision schemes are also considered. The effects of several parameters, such as the number of time slots, the duty ratio, the extinction ratio, the count dimension, the signal-to-background radiation power ratio, and the signal-to-thermal noise power ratio are discussed in detail. The detection characteristic of this system are made clear by comparison with a pulse-position modulation system.


a€€a€€ Using contract theory, this article considers the effect of stock-based compensation on managerial replacement. I show that while stock-based compensation solves the moral hazard problem, it creates a distortion in the principal's managerial replacement decisions. Specifically, I show the principal endogenously determines the agent's tenure in a way that maximizes her own expected payoff, where her rational choice to replace or retain the incumbent agent may depart from the total firm value maximization. I find that along the parametric range of control benefit, both long- and short-term vested stock options may exhibit over-replacement of the incumbent agent, but in some cases, long-term vested options may cause more ine¢ ciency than short-term vested options. The article also indicates that only the short-term vested options may exhibit under-replacement. Journal of Economic Literature Classifications:


Music recommender systems have become central parts of popular streaming platforms such as Last.fm, Pandora, or Spotify to help users find music that fits their preferences. These systems learn from the past listening events of users to recommend music a user will likely listen to in the future. While music recommender systems can provide quality recommendations to listeners of mainstream music artists, recent research [2] has shown that they tend to underserve listeners of unorthodox, low-mainstream artists. This is foremost due to the scarcity of usage data of low-mainstream music as music consumption patterns are biased towards popular artists (i.e., popularity bias) [3].


Probing oriented bacterial cell growth on the nanoscale: A novel open-top micro-channel is developed to facilitate the AFM imaging of physically trapped but freely growing bacteria. The growth curves of individual Escherichia coli cells with nanometer resolution and their kinetic nano-mechanical properties are quantitatively measured.


An acoustic wave measurement device, wherein it is possible to amplify a signal by an amplification factor respectively matching photoacoustic waves and reflected acoustic waves. An acoustic wave detector (31) detects photoacoustic waves generated within a subject as a result of the emission of light onto the subject, and reflected acoustic waves corresponding to acoustic waves transmitted toward the subject. An amplifier (42) amplifies the detection signal for photoacoustic waves and the detection signal for reflected acoustic waves output by the acoustic wave detector (31). A transmission/reception control unit (23) controls the amplification factor of the amplifier (42) separately when detecting photoacoustic waves and when detecting reflected acoustic waves. A data processing unit (22) performs respective signal processing of the amplified detection signal for photoacoustic waves and the amplified detection signal for reflected acoustic waves.


This paper was examined the fundamental quality properties for application of blast-furnace slag by finex process as fine aggregate for concrete on the part of the research to develop of construction guide for concrete using blast-furnace slag as fine aggregate. Through this study, we propose the practical method of finex-slag as fine aggregate for concrete.


The structural unit of pyridinium nitrate, C5H6N+·NO3−, is a pyridinium–nitrate ion pair, held together by a strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bond.


The opportunity to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) is at hand, but challenges remain that negatively influence progress through the care continuum, particularly for persons co‐infected with HIV who are not well engaged in care. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of nurse case management (NCM) on the HCV continuum among adults co‐infected with HIV compared to usual care (UC). Primary outcomes included linkage to HCV care (attendance at an HCV practice appointment within 60 days) and time to direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) initiation (censored at 6 months). Sixty‐eight participants were enrolled (NCM n = 35; UC n = 33). Participants were 81% Black/African American, 85% received Medicaid, 46% reported illicit drug use, 41% alcohol use, and 43% had an undetectable HIV viral load. At day 60, 47% of NCM participants linked to HCV care compared to 25% of UC participants (P = .031; 95% confidence bound for difference, 3.2%‐40.9%). Few participants initiated DAAs (12% NCM; 25% UC). There was no significant difference in mean time to treatment initiation (NCM = 86 days; UC = 110 days; P = .192). Engagement in HCV care across the continuum was associated with drinking alcohol, knowing someone who cured HCV and having a higher CD4 cell count (P < .05). Our results support provision of NCM as a successful strategy to link persons co‐infected with HIV to HCV care, but interventions should persist beyond linkage to care. Capitalizing on social networks, treatment pathways for patients who drink alcohol, and integrated substance use services may help improve the HCV care continuum.


This paper deals the synthesis and characterization of Pure Hydroxyapatite (Pure HAp) nanopowderan its nanocomposites. Hydroxyapatite - Zinc (HAp-Zn), Hydroxyapatite - Manganese (HAp-Mn) Hydroxyapatite - Titanium (HAp-Ti) and Hydroxyapatite - reduced Graphene oxide (HAp-rGO). The impact of Zn, Mn, Ti and rGO on the underlying, morphological, antimicrobial property and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanopowders are contemplated. The structural characterization analysed through XRD. Pure HAp, HAp-Ti and HAp-rGO displayed hexagonal structure and fuse of Zn and Mn in the host lattice changed the construction into orthorhombic and rhombohedral. The normal crystallite size goes from 51 nm to 37 nm for different nanocomposites. The consolidation of cations (Zn2+ Mn2+ and Ti4+) and anion (CO3 2- ) diminished the crystallite size. Blended nanocomposites has hexagonal construction though there is hexagonal to orthorhombic progress in HAp-Zn and hexagonal to rhombohedral change in HAp-Mn nanocomposites The presence of functional groups in the samples is investigated utilizing FTIR examination. Surface morphology and compound organizations are examined utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-beam investigation (EDX) individually. The in-vitro antibacterial exercises and biocompatibility of the combined hydroxyapatite and its nanocomposite are examined utilizing Kirby-Bauer antibacterial testing and MTT assay individually. The outcomes show that Titanium and reduced Graphene Oxide fused hydroxyaptite nanocomposites are more harmful against every bacterial strain and didn't show any harmfulness against living tissues.


Traffic pavement markings serve to regulate, to warn, to guide, and to supplement other traffic control devices. Pavement markings provide information to the vehicle driver without diverting his attention from the roadway, however visibility of pavement markings may be considerably reduced by night driving conditions. These problems are magnified for the older driver since visual acuity tends to worsen with increasing age. This research investigated the perceived adequacy of roadway markings at night by older drivers. Subjects viewed roadway markings with a wide range of retroreflectivity values at night from an automobile. From their subjective ratings of marking adequacy, an unadjusted minimum required retroreflectivity value was determined. Roadway marking brightness reduction due to less than clean headlight and windshield conditions was also investigated. From this experiment an adjustment factor was determined. When applied to the unadjusted minimum required retroreflectivity value, an adjusted minimum retroreflectivity value was produced.


The paper examined the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on stock market development. In this regard, the paper examined the complementary hypothesis vis-a-vis the substitutability hypothesis. Using ARDL model and quarterly time series data from International Financial Statistics and Bank of Ghana from 1990 to 2010, it was found that the complementary hypothesis was vindicated. FDI had positive impact on stock market development and this supported the complementary hypothesis in the short run. In addition, Inflation and Exchange rate had positive impact on stock market development. Also there was a bi-causality between FDI and stock market development. The policy implications are that government could maintenance of prudent macroeconomic policies and continue to create legal and congenial environment to stimulate the flow of foreign direct investment and encourage the re-investment of surpluses so that stock market development and economic growth could be enhanced. In other to attract FDI on sustainable bases, stock market development needs to be enhanced.


It is often said that laws are made by legislature and the judges' role is only to declare and to interpret those laws. In interpreting the laws, the courts apply laws to new situations thereby developing the law. Indeed, judicial decisions have an important role in clarifying customary rights to land based on native laws and customs in Malaysian Borneo. Although breaches of native laws and customs are within the jurisdiction of the state Native Courts, major disputes over land rights which involve non-native parties have been fought in the federal system of civil courts. This paper looks at judicial decisions relating to the customary practice of pemakai menoa, and argues that recognition of land rights begin with recognition of indigenous legal traditions. To achieve justice and equality, and to prevent the law from being oppressive, the courts must make a conscious inquiry and contextual application of customs. In the light of inherent evidentiary difficulties in adjudicating native claims, this means approaching the rules of evidence, giving due weight to the unique perspectives, the normative values and rights under indigenous legal traditions and customary laws.
Keywords: native law and customs, native customary rghts to land, judicial contextualisation, Pemakai Menoa and territorial rights, Pulau, role of judges


A new robust quaternion Kalman filter is developed for accurate alignment of stationary strapdown inertial navigation system. Most fine alignment algorithms have tried to estimate the biases of gyroscopes and accelerometers to reduce the errors of the alignment process. In stationary platforms, due to fixed inputs for sensors, the summation of various errors such as fixed bias, misalignment, scale factor, and nonlinear errors acts like one bias error, and then the identification of each error will be impossible. The observability of gyros and accelerometers' biases has also been studied. But, nowadays, we know that all of these unknown parameters are not observable. Then this problem can increase the complication of the alignment algorithm. The accelerometers' errors mainly affect the errors of the roll and pitch angles, but a big portion of the heading's error results from the gyroscopes' errors. Modeling of all errors as additional states without considering the observability parameters has no benefits, but will increase the filter's dimension, so the filter's performance will decrease. In this study, due to the observability problem, a new robust multiplicative quaternion Kalman filter is designed for the alignment of a stationary platform. The presented algorithm does not estimate the sensors' errors, but it is robust to uncertainty in the sensors' errors. In the proposed scheme, the bounds of parameters' errors are introduced to filter, and the filter tries to remain robust with respect to these uncertainties. The method uses the benefits of quaternions in attitude modeling, and then the robust filter is adapted to work with quaternions. The ability of the new algorithm is evaluated with MATLAB simulations. The outcomes show that the presented algorithm is more accurate than other traditional methods. The extended Kalman filter with accelerometers' outputs and the horizontal velocities as the measurement equations and additive quaternion Kalman filter are used for comparisons.


Script identification from a document image is a complex real life problem in a multi-script country like India. The work becomes more challenging when handwritten documents are considered. In this paper, a Gabor filter based technique has been developed for offline script identification from handwritten document images. The work is carried out at document level on four popular Indic scripts namely Bangla, Devanagari, Roman and Urdu. A total of 157 handwritten document images are considered from these four scripts for experimentation. The data set is divided into training and test set in 2:1 ratio. A feature vector of 20 dimensions is constructed using Gabor filter and Morphological reconstruction. Finally, using MLP classifier, a recognition accuracy of 95.4% is obtained on test data without any rejection.


Purpose

Against the recent trend toward reversed global outsourcing, the purpose of this paper is to provide insights on how the internal process can be handled once the decision on reverse outsourcing has been made. The authors focus in particular on in-house knowledge and technology requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the topic at hand, the researchers conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with five companies operating in two different industry sectors.

Findings

Reversed outsourcing accentuates challenges relating to retained knowledge. When embarking on reversed outsourcing, companies need to acknowledge the effort to revive and renew capabilities in order to perform technical operations and advanced manufacturing production.

Research limitations/implications

The research is based on case studies in a Scandinavian context. Further empirical research from other high-cost locations is needed to validate the findings.

Originality/value

Explorative qualitative research is scarce in the emergent literature on reversed outsourcing. The paper provides practical and theoretical insights into how to handle diminishing knowledge in companies that are re-evaluating their sourcing strategies. It adds a knowledge dimension within the emergent literature. A framework for key success factors and propositions is also provided.


Current study aimed at classifying the environmental sensitivity to desertification using quantitative indices of soil, groundwater, erosion, and vegetation qualities. In addition to monitor the changing trends of the environmental sensitivities regarding their intensity and quality with time. Two studied areas were chosen to model soils of West of Delta. The first located at Sugar beat area over 21300 faddans while the second located at El-Bostan area over 14800 faddans. A comparison between their sensitivity qualities was performed during a period of 25 years starting in 1990 till 2015. Using an ETM image, DEM was processed in which slope gradient was extracted. Field investigations were undertaken. Soil mapping units were sampled at representative profiles. Laboratory analyses were carried out for collected soil samples. MEDALUS model published by the European Commission (Kosmas et al., 2003) was used for sensitivity evaluation, in addition to some modification done by Desert Research Center (DRC) staff (Hegazi et al., 2009). Results of calculating the environmental sensitivity areas (ESAs) for desertification indicated that Sugar beat area was classified as moderate sensible where ESIs ranged between 1.327-1.374 over 38.0% in 1990, while being between 1.354-1.386 over 38.3% in 2015. Meanwhile, the moderate ESIs at El-Bostan vary between 1.313-1.357 over 39.9% in 1990, which surpass to be between 1.335-1.373 above 41.5% in 2015. Studied areas were partially classified as very sensitive and sensitive to desertification. It was grown up at Sugar beat as accounted for 9.1% in 1990 and 13.4% in 2015 of the total area. While it was completely renovated into moderate sensitive at El-Bostan due to ground leveling and existence of sufficient vegetation cover. Percentages of sensitivity classes at Sugar beat in 1990 found to be very close to corresponding values in 2015, but with different spatial distributions. Further, the study achieved more positive changes of El-Bostan sensitivity than occurred in Sugar beat which had more intensive limitations i.e. shallow profile depth, saline groundwater as sea water intrusion, soil salinization, and difficulty of leveling due to ground hardness as affected by high lime content rather than rock exposures. It can be concluded that implementing maps of sensitivity to desertification is rather useful in the newly reclaimed desert areas as they give more likely quantitative trend for frequency of sensitivity. Applied agricultural systems affect negatively on increase the environmental sensitivity to desertification in some locations at both of studied areas. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate current practices and/or land uses to prevent that degradation.


In this paper, we propose a new detection method based on correlation to solve the difficulty of detecting DS/SS signal with low SNR, especially QPSK DS/SS signal It picks up the energy of selfcorrelation function in the centralized time quantum to process, so that the performance of detection is improved The results of computer simulations show that when the SNR is -12 dB in the bandwidth of signal, the method can detect not only QPSK DS/SS signal but also BPSK DS/SS signal effectively


Abstract The primary goal of this study was to examine the role of communication between parents of children with special needs and schools. As the multicultural population in United States' schools continues to increase, the need to help teachers understand what parents expect in terms of being able to communicate effectively grows in importance. A descriptive research study using a survey as the data collection tool was used to determine perceptions of Arab American parents of children with special needs regarding communications between the home and school. Findings of the study indicated that parents born in the United States had more positive perceptions regarding communications with teachers. These findings may be due to parent's lack of fluency with English and teachers lack of understanding the Arabic culture. Educators need to make an effort to improve communications as a means to make educational experiences more productive for both teachers and parents.


Platelet-rich plasma is increasingly used in the management of tendon injury in sports, supposedly accelerating the healing process, tissue regeneration, and return to play. However, the scientific clinical evidence to support its use is scanty, and more level I studies need to be conducted to justify its widespread use.


Drilling a 121⁄4-in borehole with oilbased mud (OBM) in the Upper Mungaroo formation on Australia's North West Shelf, an operator needed to characterize reservoir geology and assess economic potential as accurately and expeditiously as possible. Geological objectives included identifying reservoir-quality channel sands and laminations, determining the presence and connectivity of non-channel facies, and calculating the dip and orientation of structural features, such as faults. Cutting conventional core would have required a lengthy and costly process, and sidewall cores, usually representing only discrete points in the well, would have been of limited use for characterizing formation sedimentology and stratigraphy. Furthermore, the hole was over 4 in. larger than the ideal hole size for which existing OBM-adapted borehole imaging tools had been designed. Legacy imaging technology would have covered a mere 21% of the borehole's total circumference—too little for geologists to identify a number of key formation characteristics with confidence. Therefore, the operator elected to run a new, high-resolution microresistivity imaging service designed specifically for syntheticand oil-based drilling fluids. The new OBM-adapted imager achieved an impressive 64% circumferential coverage, even in such a large borehole, more than tripling the coverage of existing technology, Fig. 1. Photorealistic images were sufficient to reveal highly dipping structures, such as natural fractures and faults, depositional features such as crossbedding and soft sediment deformation, the presence of shales, and the precise location of highly laminated reservoir-quality sandstones. Just as important, the new tool's unique design enabled the operator to obtain high-definition formation images while running into the hole, despite challenging conditions—eliminating at least one additional logging run, saving offshore rig time and costs, and providing critical information earlier in the formation evaluation program. This case study illustrates some of the challenges that operators face in seeking to unravel the complexities of today's conventional and unconventional reservoirs, as well as the value of new high-resolution borehole imaging technology.


This paper presents a study that contributes to the existing work on the social diffusion and interaction strategy in social media. The aim is to know the most shared post by some electronic media in the world from end to end social network, and also to know post nature of the most successful one, and the link between different kind of interaction these are main objectives of this study. Our work is also considered as a ground and a base for social network analysis researchers in all social networks in order to allow them to benefit and help in their future research work from all information collected and results found via this study. An empirical analysis using multiple methods is conducted based on 275 Facebook publications gathered from the Facebook pages of 5 electronics journals the best one in its original country represented 5 countries in the world. This contribution discovered a set of important information and it is also projected to confirm hypothesis addressed in pre-existing studies


This manual is intended to establish a standard methodology for traffic impact analysis. This would result in consistency in study requests, preparation and review. Such a standardized procedure would be beneficial to everyone involved in the development process. Chapter 1 provides an overview of traffic impact analysis. Chapter 2 describes the different steps involved in the proposed traffic impact analysis methodology. Chapter 3 describes the preliminary study process. Chapter 4 describes the warrants for a complete traffic impact study. Chapter 5 contains the warrants and analysis required for an operations analysis. Chapter 6 deals with the topics to be addressed in the initial meeting between the study and reviewer(s). Chapter 7 describes reviewer and preparer qualifications. Chapter 8 discusses methods of estimating non-site traffic in the horizon year. Chapters 9, 10 and 11 give methods of trip generation, trip distribution, and traffic assignment, respectively. Chapters 12 and 13 describe how to handle pass-by trips and make adjustments for mixed-use developments. Chapter 13 gives the analysis involved in the study process. Chapter 14 describes the study findings and recommendations. Chapter 15 gives guidelines about report format. Chapter 16 describes the staff review process.


Homomorphic encryption (HE) is one of the efficient ways that allow many companies to store their data in an encrypted form into the Cloud and then the latter can be analyzed and worked with as if it were still in its initial form. In this paper we consider two types of homomorphic encryption (HE) schemes: the additive and the multiplicative ones. But we will be focusing on the additive one in order to calculate on the cipher-texts and get the average while decrypting the result. Therefore we will show the theoretical part of the additive homomorphic Paillier's cryptosystem which is used in order to encrypt and decrypt the messages needed, but what can be more interesting is showing in details the application part of it which is realized by a numerical example applied on Sagemath. Keywords—Homomorphic encryption (HE), additive homomorphic, Paillier's cryptosystem


The Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore necessitated offshore land reclamation for the future airport and associated facilities. Ground improvement works in the project comprises the installation of prefabricated vertical drains and the subsequent placement of sand surcharge to accelerate the consolidation of the underlying soft marine clay. In such ground improvement projects in soft soil, the degree of improvement attained by the marine clay has to be ascertained to confirm whether the soil has achieved the required degree of consolidation to enable surcharge removal. This analysis can be carried out by means of observational methods for which continuous records of ground behavior can be monitored from the date of instrument installation. A Pilot Test Site was conducted in the reclamation site comprising of a vertical drains installation as well as a control site where no drains were installed. At the Pilot Test Site the areas with vertical drain were fully instrumented and monitored to compare the degree of consolidation of the areas close to the surcharge removal period. Instruments installed, monitored and analyzed in the Case Study Area include settlement plates, deep settlement gauges, pneumatic piezometers, electric piezometers and water-standpipes. Assessment of the field instrumentation data from vertical drain areas in the Pilot Tests Site were back-analysed by the Asaoka, Hyperbolic methods and also using pore pressure data from piezometers.


Understanding the physiological processes associated with leaf photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen (N) assimilation during grain-filling stage are helpful for enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) of maize. In this study, the leaf photosynthetic and N assimilation parameters in maize, including Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), a low-N tolerance cultivar and Huanong 138 (HN138), a low-N sensitive cultivar under different N rates were examined. Results showed that ZD958 displayed significant increases on grain yield and NUtE than that in HN138. Analyses on the leaf photosynthetic and N assimilation-associated processes indicated that ZD958 had higher leaf N remobilization (Rem N), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) with respect to those of HN138 during grain-filling stage. In addition, ZD958 was also shown to be higher activities of leaf nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), nitrate reductase (GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GAGOT) than those of HN138. The leaf PNUE was significantly positively correlated with NR, GS, GDH, GOGAT suggesting that leaf PNUE and NR, GS, GDH, GOGAT jointly determined the N remobilization efficiency and the leaf N remobilization during post-silking. These results suggested that ZD958 possessed improved PNUE, NR and GS activities in leaves during grain-filling stage that contributes improve grain weights and yield formation capacities upon under low-N conditions.
Keywords: low-N, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen utilization efficiency, maize
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5891

Citation: Ji P T, Cui Y W, Li X L, Xiao K, Tao P J, Zhang Y C. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism to low nitrogen in maize with different nitrogen tolerance. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 133–143.


More than 100 drugs now mention pharmacogenomic biomarkers on their FDA-approved drug label. Pharmacogenomics is the study of the inherited variations in genes that determine drug response. Often the variations affect a small region of DNA, as small as a single nucleotide, known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Many genetic tests are based on genotyping to determine which SNPs the patient has. Alternatively, sequencing may be used—a more complex process which determines the exact sequence of the relevant part of the genome.


In the method of the invention first and second zones (50, 58) of the surface to be characterized are scanned simultaneously, and first and second photosensitive surfaces (56, 62) distinct from each other acquire images of infrared radiation emitted by the two areas.


Homologous recombination (HR) plays a vital role in DNA metabolic processes including meiosis, DNA repair, DNA replication and rDNA homeostasis. HR defects can lead to pathological outcomes, including genetic diseases and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein plays an important role in mitotic and meiotic recombination. However, the precise role of SUMOylation during recombination is still unclear. Here, we characterize the effect of SUMOylation on the biochemical properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombination mediator protein Rad52. Interestingly, Rad52 SUMOylation is enhanced by single-stranded DNA, and we show that SUMOylation of Rad52 also inhibits its DNA binding and annealing activities. The biochemical effects of SUMO modification in vitro are accompanied by a shorter duration of spontaneous Rad52 foci in vivo and a shift in spontaneous mitotic recombination from single-strand annealing to gene conversion events in the SUMO-deficient Rad52 mutants. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of Rad52 SUMOylation as part of a 'quality control' mechanism regulating the efficiency of recombination and DNA repair. INTRODUCTION DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic kinds of chromosome damage that are implicated in cancer and many other diseases. A single unrepaired break can lead to aneuploidy, genetic aberrations or cell death. DSBs are caused by a vast number of endogenous and exogenous agents including genotoxic chemicals or ionizing radiation, as well as through replication of a damaged DNA template or replication fork collapse. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, homologous recombination (HR) is the major pathway for repair of DSBs (1). Genes of the RAD52 epistasis group mediate HR. The members of this gene group were identified by mutants' sensitivity to ionizing radiation or their deficiency in DSB repair, and they include RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RAD55, RAD57, RAD59, RDH54/TID1, MRE11 and XRS2. These genes are also needed for HR and chromosome segregation in meiosis I and are in general highly conserved among eukaryotes (2,3). HR involves DNA homology search and DNA strand invasion to form a joint between the recombining DNA molecules. These reaction steps are mediated by the Rad51 recombinase, an orthologue of the Escherichia coli RecA recombinase (4). In the presence of ATP, Rad51 binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and forms a right-handed filament called the presynaptic filament. Since the assembly of the presynaptic filament proceeds rather slowly, it is prone to interference by other competing factors such as replication protein A (RPA) *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +420 549493767; Fax: +420 549492556; Email: email@example.com 4708–4721 Nucleic Acids Research, 2010, Vol. 38, No. 14 Published online 5 April 2010 doi:10.1093/nar/gkq195 The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /nar/article-a/38/14/4708/2409159 by gest on 09 M arch 2019 (5,6). RPA is a heterotrimeric ssDNA-binding protein with a complex role in HR. In vitro, it was shown that RPA stimulates recombination by eliminating secondary structures in ssDNA and stabilizing the displaced strand of the D-loop. However, due to its very high affinity for ssDNA, it can prevent Rad51 from binding ssDNA, thus leading to the inhibition of presynaptic filament formation (7). This inhibitory effect can be overcome by the recombination mediator activity of Rad52 (1). Rad52 multimerizes and forms a ring structure (8). The assembly of a ring structure requires sequences in the evolutionary conserved N-terminal domain of Rad52, which also possesses a DNA binding activity with a preference for ssDNA (9). Yeast Rad52 can interact with Rad51 as well as with RPA to help ensure the efficient displacement of RPA from ssDNA by Rad51 (10–12). The interaction with RPA is mediated by a domain within the middle portion of Rad52, while the carboxyl terminus harbours the Rad51 interaction domain (13,14). Moreover, the C-terminal domain also possesses a DNA binding activity and alone has recombination mediator activity (5). A robust DNA annealing activity has been described for Rad52 as well (9). Many proteins participating in HR can be post-translationally modified by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein, and this modification can potentially influence the biochemical activity and function of the target protein. Recently, Sacher et al. (15) identified the residues that serve as SUMO acceptor sites in Rad52. In addition to the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, Rad52 modification is stimulated by the SUMO ligase Siz2 (15). SUMO was shown to protect Rad52 from proteasomal degradation and to facilitate the exclusion of Rad52 recombination foci from the nucleolus to maintain a low level of recombinational repair at the ribosomal gene locus (16). Here, we show that the SUMOylation of Rad52 is significantly stimulated in the presence of ssDNA in vitro. We find that enhanced SUMOylation is mediated via the C-terminal DNA binding domain of Rad52 and requires lysine K253. Moreover, we demonstrate that SUMOylated Rad52 exhibits lower affinity towards ssDNA and dsDNA, and also has reduced single-strand annealing activity. These data provide mechanistic information regarding the role of SUMOylation in the regulation of the biochemical activities of Rad52. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic methods, yeast strains and plasmids Yeast strains were manipulated using standard genetic techniques, and media were prepared as previously described (17). All strains used in this study are RAD5 derivatives of W303 (Supplementary Table S1) (18,19). To generate the (His)6-RAD52(N+M)::pET11d plasmid, the (His)6-RAD52::pET11d plasmid was digested with BamHI. The resulting DNA product was isolated from agarose gel, ligated and sequenced. The plasmids expressing the rad52 (K43,44R), rad52 (K253R) and rad52 (K43,44,253R) mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis using specific primers (Supplementary Table S2). The amino acid numbering corresponds to translation from first ATG of GenBank accession number CAA86623 for Rad52 protein.


AECMA Simplified English for aircraft maintenance manuals is one of the bestknown examples of a controlled language. In this paper we describe the development of its equivalent for Spanish. We also present a prototype validating parser and outline its evaluation.


Objective
To investigate the changes and clinical significance of T-lymphocyte subsets, C-reactive protein and D-Dimer levels in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Methods
A case control study was carried out for 53 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The 53 patients were divided into two groups according to the MP-IgM plasma titers, namely low-titer group with MP-IgM>5 Au/ml≤15 Au/ml (n=28)and high-titer group with MP-IgM>15 Au/ml (n=25). The subjects of control group(n=30)were recruited from healthy children as they took routine physical examination during the same period. The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets, C-reactive protein and D-Dimer were detected.

Results
①The levels of CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ in the low-titer group and high-titer group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P 0.05). ③The levels of D-Dimer in the low-titer group and high-titer group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of D-Dimer in the high-titer group were significantly higher than those in low-titer group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Cellular immunedysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Dynamic monitoring of C-reactive protein is helpful to judge the severity of the disease. Determination of D-Dimer facilitates early detection of hypercoagulability, which has clinical significance of assessment and treatment of diseases.

Key words:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Cellular immune dysfunction; C-reactive protein; D-Dimer


Despite the presence of local guidelines in WSLHD for Tuberculosis treatment, adherence to these guidelines is low amongst treating physicians. The rate of variation from these guidelines is variable between different services (Respiratory vs. ID) as seen in Table 5 and 6. Reasons may include, but of course not limited to: unawareness of the guidelines and its lack of availability in all settings, lack of evidence of superiority between different regimens and personal preferences.


Studies about rhetorical moves in the introduction section have been widely conducted. However, the studies focusing on the research problem statement is still limited. This current study investigated the rhetorical structures, strategies, and linguistic features of the problem statement written by undergraduate students, which aimed to contribute to the teaching model in teaching academic writing. This research was a qualitative case study belonging to genre analysis, using Swale's CARS model. Thirty undergraduate students' problem statement texts were explored, and interviewers were further conducted to collect the data. The results indicated that nine types of rhetorical structures were employed, most of which were characterized as incomplete. The rhetorical strategies employed by the students were making a centrality claim, making topic generalizations, reviewing previous research, indicating a gap, establishing need and problem, continuing a tradition, outlining purposes, and announcing the state of the present research. Specific linguistic features were used in each move and step although the students admitted that they had lack of knowledge with linguistic features. Based on the research finding, a Critical Genre-Based model for teaching problem statements in writing is proposed because this model has facilitative effect on consciousness-raising of the genre's rhetorical structure.


An accessory (14) for partially enclosing a shaft of an endoscope is disclosed. The accessory (14) defines a first space (36) for accommodating the shaft and a second space (32) for defining a conduit along the shaft. An outer surface (16) of the accessory around the first and second spaces is centred on a first longitudinal axis (20), and the first space (36) is centred on a second longitudinal axis (22) spaced relative to the first longitudinal axis (20). The first space (36) is open to one side (38), so that the accessory only partially encloses the shaft when placed around it.


The drying is a process of reducing to remove a certain amount of water in a material or place contains water. Drying process will not be maximized if tools used are still conventional, we need a machine to help for drying process effectively and efficiently. This research was conducted to provide a solution for the floor drying process, by designing and manufacturing a drying machine using a remote control. The method used in this study is an experimental method, carried out in several stages starting with data collection and literature study, next stage is to make a design drawing, determine the materials and materials needed, carry out the manufacturing process, assemble the control system, carry out assembly and finally carry out a machine test. The design of this machine uses a 12V DC motor drive system, equipped with a water pusher (wiper) and a mop device made of microfiber material. Machine uses an energy source from a battery with a capacity of 12V,12A. Machine is controlled using a remote control assembled from arduino. The last stage of this research is to conduct a test to determine the performance, the test is carried out on the driving motor (forward, backward, turn left, and turn right), the wiper movement (up and down), and the pel rotation. A machine made has dimensions of 810 cm long, 550 cm wide and 200 cm high .Results of the machine testing process can be concluded that the machine can run.


Among the various ancient novels written in vernacular Chinese,Zhou Zuoren maintained that only A Dream of Red Mansions can be accepted as a real work on human beings.He appreciated the novel from the perspective of a common reader,who showed great affinity with the women characters in the novel in general and Qin Wen in particular because of her signature candidness.He also argued that A Dream of Red Mansions belongs to the category of people's literature because the human affairs,family tragedies and the women personages described in the novel are characteristic of Chinese society and demonstrate a lasting charm.


Central to the problem of obtaining intelligent and effective management and policy direction in the federal government are the sources and procedures used in the selection of federal political executives. These executives, occupying positions usually subject to presidential appointment and senatorial confirmation, constitute the "key group in making representative government work within the executive branch." Through them the President directs and controls his administration, creates political support, and establishes lines of defense for his political program. Increasing attention has been paid to the selection process in recent years because of frequent reports of extreme difficulty in recruiting able people, inability to retain their services, and allegations that those who have served have proven less than adequate. The problem as broadly stated by the (Jackson) subcommittee on National Policy Machinery of the Senate Committee on Government Operations is: "how to make the quality of appointments of private citizens to national services keep pace with the spiraling complexity and difficulty of foreign policy and defense problems."


A relation is developed for direct calculation of the cost function for an optimally controlled linear system with quadratic criteria, distributed by a colored noise of any given spectral density distribution. >


Comment and Summary The increased pressor responsiveness to adrenaline caused by injection of Et4N is shown to be associated with an increase in renal vasoconstriction. The depressor response to injection of "Isuprel," the N-isopropyl homologue of adrenaline, is shown to be associated with renal vasodilation. The depressor, cardioaccelerator and renal vasodilator effects of injection of "Isuprel" are augmented by prior injection of tetraethylammonium. On the assumption that the effects of tetraethylammonium are due to blockinq of autonomic ganglia, 4 we conclude that inhibition of these ganglia increases vascular responsiveness to typical vasoconstrictor and vasodilator sympatheticomimetics.


To analyze liquid metal flow in mold under multidimensional vibration condition, discrete element method (DEM) is taken to approximately stimulate liquid metal flow and to simulate numerically liquid metal flow filling process in casting technique under multidimensional vibration. The orthogonal experiment design is taken to study vibration dimension, frequency as well as amplitude influence on liquid metal filling capacity; Through EDEM platform, numerical simulation research in each test scheme can be carried out to get influence of filling time upon sensitivity degree of each parameter index so as to select the optimal test scheme. Casting experiment results in the self-made solidification test-bed under multidimensional vibration match the numerical simulation, showing that multidimensional vibration could significantly improve filling capacity of castings.


A new era in networking is on the horizon as we enter the 21st century. It is based on a seamless circuit and packet public network (PN) with the potential to transport and process voice, video, data and Internet traffic at higher speeds and lower costs than today's PSIN. Worldwide divestitures and subsequent deregulation aid the dramatic growth of the Internet, which have given rise to a growing number of competitive carriers and service providers. This has accelerated the deployment of packet networks and inspired government mandates that let competitors co-locate their equipment in incumbents COs and POPs. Customer's perceived the cost of co-location in incumbent's space to be expensive and restricting. This gave rise to a new industry that rents equipment space in buildings refurbished to replicate CO environments termed carrier hotels or telehousing. These events have impacted network power in two ways. It increased the demand for higher capacity CO power plants to support growth in Internets, DSLs and second lines and energized the debate over AC verses DC as the preferred power for telecommunications. Quality of Service, which is a looming issue as the PSTN transitions to the PN, can be translated to mean dependable and reliable nonstop power. The trend to outsourcing equipment space needs presents ILECs a timely opportunity to consolidate their huge inventories of COs and POPs into business units that would lease equipment space to incumbents and competitors and convert a cost center into a profit center.