The main purpose of this study was to explore empirically the association of quality, risk, sacrifice, satisfaction, and loyalty. Initially a conceptual model was proposed cultivating literature and then contextualized via field study. The analysis was done based on 602 samples collected from Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, using a Likert scale. The Partial Least Square-based Structure Equation Modeling approach was used for data analysis. The outcome presented a strong association among the constructs. This study demonstrates an important contribution to the body of knowledge in the area of tourism destinations' management and marketing, and suggests important implications to both practitioners and academics.


Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is regarded as a critical assisted reproductive technology procedure in which a single spermatozoon is mechanically injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte using an injection pipette. During the ICSI procedure, a spermatozoon is loaded into the injection pipette and the pipette is then inserted into the oocyte cytoplasm (ooplasm). Insertion of the injection pipette in such way to minimize damage to the oocyte is facilitated by a piezoactuator connected to the pipette. Importantly, to minimize lysis of the oocyte during ICSI, the injection pipettes driven by the piezoactuator are typically filled with approximately 0.5–1.0μL of mercury. The use of mercury in the pipettes is associated with a significantly lower frequency of oocyte lysis, theoretically due to the reduced lateral vibration of the pipette when the mass of mercury is added. However, the use of mercury in the laboratory has serious potential toxicity effects, both related to personnel safety and to the d...


Aim: To use a multidisciplinary approach to improve the smile esthetics in case of previous traumatic avulsion of upper incisors. Materials and methods: This case report refers to a 19-year-old female who suffered from dental trauma when she was 7 years old. Her maxillary right central and lateral incisors were avulsed and the space was reduced. She presented with class I skeletal malocclusion, class II subdivision dental malocclusion, hypodivergent mandible, slight lower dental crowding, deep bite. The treatment purposes were: to recover smile esthetics by replacing the avulsed teeth, to correct the deep-bite, to increase bone thickness in the incisors area. To obtain a good smile esthetics the upper right canine would function as lateral incisor, and the first bicuspid would function as canine. An initial segmental technique, followed by a straight wire appliance, in association with a surgical and prosthetic approach, was used to treat this case. This allowed for the malocclusion to be corrected while simultaneously reestablishing the smile esthetics and the bone thickness, with the use of Extension Crest device by Chiapasco. Results: A good occlusion with coincident upper and lower midlines and with a class I canines relationship on both sides was achieved. The follow up after 6 years showed stability in the obtained results. Conclusion: A combination of orthodontic treatment and surgical-prosthetic rehabilitation may be the best treatment option after severe traumatic tooth loss.


We studied different sequences of lung inflation in ventilated newborn piglets with normal lungs in order to determine the effects of sequence, magnitude and duration of distending pressure on pulmonary function, and/or hemodynamics. End‐expiratory pressure was varied using a continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) device. Three groups of ventilated piglets with normal lungs were exposed to 2 cmH2O increments of CNEP from −2 to −12 cmH2O and to decrements from −12 to −2 cmH2O or to only ‐6 cmH2O. Lung inflation sequence, magnitude of inflation pressure, and duration of inflation had significant effects on end‐expiratory lung volume and lung compliance at numerically equivalent pressure levels. End‐expiratory lung volume and lung compliance varied (at four and five of six inflation pressures studied) by as much as 68% and 104%, respectively. Hemodynamic effects of the lung inflation sequence were more variable; those found to be different at numerically equivalent pressure levels were associated with changes in lung compliance and ventilation. Differences in pulmonary mechanics can best be explained by the effects of lung inflation on alveolar recruitment versus overinflation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:97–105. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention, which belongs to the field of the intelligent vehicle searching technology, provides a vehicle searching method and system at a parking lot. A starting point coordinate and a starting point floor number that correspond to a current position of a vehicle owner are obtained; a name of a nearest inter-floor traffic component at the shortest distance to the current position of the vehicle owner on the starting floor is obtained; a starting point floor transfer coordinate corresponding to the inter-floor traffic component at the shortest distance to the current position of the vehicle owner on the starting point floor is obtained; an end point floor number and an end point coordinate that correspond to a stall number of the vehicle owner are obtained; an end point floor transfer coordinate corresponding to the inter-floor traffic component at the shortest distance to the current position of the vehicle owner on the end point floor is obtained; and on the basis of the starting point coordinate, the starting point floor transfer coordinate, the end point floor transfer coordinate, and the end point coordinate, a cross-floor vehicle searching reference path is obtained and the vehicle owner is informed of the cross-floor vehicle searching reference path. With the method, a vehicle owner can search the own vehicle rapidly and accurately in a multi-floor parking lot, so that time of cross-floor vehicle searching for the vehicle owner is saved.


A mistake in the Matlab script generating the figure for the cooling rates means that the displayed curve for emission of infrared photons by C60 was incorrect in Fig. 2 of our original paper. The correct figure is presented in Fig. 1 of this corrigendum. The cooling rates originally used in our model were the correct ones, so that the results of our paper and its conclusions remain unchanged.


Glutaredoxin S15 is involved in Fe-S cluster transfer in mitochondria influencing lipoic 1 acid-dependent enzymes, plant growth and arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis 2 3 Elke Ströher, Julia Grassl, Chris Carrie, Ricarda Fenske, James Whelan, A. Harvey 4 Millar. 5 6 ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The 7 University of Western Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, 8 Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, 9 Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia. 10 current address: Department of Biology I, Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität 11 München. 12


After entering World Trade Organization,technical barrier to trade, especially environmental barrier to trade which has high environmental standard,make our agricultural products export dropping down.We must have an active attitude to research and deal with environmental barrier to trade.


...................................................................................................................................1 1.0  INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................3 1.1 General Description of the Wells Hydroelectric Project .............................3 1.2 Overview of Total Dissolved Gas at Wells Dam .........................................5 2.0  GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................6 3.0  STUDY AREA ....................................................................................................................6 4.0  BACKGROUND AND EXISTING INFORMATION ...................................................7 4.1 Summary of TDG studies in the Wells Tailrace ..........................................7 4.2 Numerical studies of TDG in Tailraces .......................................................8 5.0  METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................8 5.1 Model Overview ..........................................................................................8 5.2 VOF Model ................................................................................................11 5.2.1  Mathematical Model ..................................................................................11 5.2.2  Grid Generation .........................................................................................11 5.2.3  Boundary Conditions .................................................................................12 220.127.116.11  Inlet ............................................................................................................12 188.8.131.52  Walls and River Bed ..................................................................................12 22.214.171.124  Exit .............................................................................................................13 18.104.22.168  Top Surface ................................................................................................13 5.3 Rigid-lid Model ..........................................................................................13 5.3.1  Mathematical Model ..................................................................................13 126.96.36.199  Mass and Momentum Conservation for the Mixture .................................13 188.8.131.52  Mass Conservation for the Gas Phase ........................................................14 188.8.131.52  Momentum Conservation for the Gas Phase .............................................14 126.96.36.199  Bubble Number Density Transport Equation ............................................14 184.108.40.206  Two-phase TDG Transport Equation .........................................................15 184.108.40.206  Turbulence Closure ....................................................................................15 18.104.22.168  Constitutive Equations ...............................................................................16 5.3.2  Grid Generation .........................................................................................18 5.3.3  Boundary Conditions .................................................................................19 184.108.40.206  Free Surface ...............................................................................................19 18.104.22.168  Walls and River Bed ..................................................................................19 18.104.22.168  Exit .............................................................................................................19 184.108.40.206  Spillbays and Powerhouse Units ................................................................19 5.4 Modeling Assumptions and Model Inputs .................................................19 5.4.1  Model Assumptions ...................................................................................19 5.4.2  Model Inputs ..............................................................................................20 188.8.131.52  Environmental Conditions .........................................................................20 6.0  NUMERICAL METHOD ...............................................................................................22


Abstract. Apart from conventional medicines, depression can be treated with herbal remedies such as soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of the active compound of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) as an antidepressant drug using the in silico approach. In this study, the in silico method was carried out with the help of computer devices and online data bases such as PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, and STRING to analyze the target protein. This research was conducted in March-December 2020. The results showed 13 active compounds of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) can bind to eight target proteins, namely ACHE (acetylcholinesterase), ADRA2C (Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor), DRD1 (D1A dopamine receptor), DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor), HTR2A (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A), HTR2C (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C), MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A) and SLC6A3 (Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter). The conclusion of this study that the active compounds contained in soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) can affect the receptors and metabolic processes of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonine.
Abstrak. Selain dengan obat-obatan konvensional, depresi dapat diobati dengan pengobatan herbal seperti daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan mekanisme senyawa aktif daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) sebagai obat antidepresan dengan pendekatan in silico. Pada penelitian ini, metode in silico dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat komputer dan data base online seperti PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, dan STRING untuk menganalisis protein target. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret−Desember 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 13 senyawa aktif daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dapat berikatan dengan delapan protein target yaitu ACHE (acetylcholinesterase), ADRA2C (Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor), DRD1 (D1A dopamine receptor), DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor), HTR2A (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A), HTR2C (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C), MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A) dan SLC6A3 (Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter). Kesimpulan penelitian ini senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dapat memengaruhi reseptor dan proses metabolisme dopamin, norepinefrin dan serotonin.


In this paper the authors outline a phenomenological approach to the description of acoustic images, arguing that the visualist dimensions of acousmatic experiences can be a vital component to the meaning and intent of sonic works.


ISO 14000 is environmental management serial standard established by International Standard Organization in order to promote sustainable development, harmonize the environmental management standard of different countries and minimize non - tariff trade rampart in the world trade. Because of its dual role of protecting the environment and eliminating trade technical rampart, it is widely paid attention by the world. Formation background, establishing base and implementation of ISO 14000 is simply introduced in this paper. Concerned enterprises should attach importance to it, to promote attestation in China to reduce environmental pollution of industry and boost the implementation of sustainable development in our country.


The topic of the research is acute due to the fact that for a couple of years labour market of each region and Russia as a whole has been suffering turbulence because of changes in economic situation. It always responds sharply to all changes taking place in the field of economy. The article provides results of differentiation of cities and city districts of the Orenburg region by registered unemployment rate in 2017 and 2020. The choice of time slots for the research is stipulated by changes in regional labour market connected with the pass-over to digitalization, as well as impact of crisis events in economy. Estimation of varying parameters allows us to see heterogeneity in cities and city districts of Orenburzhiya. As a result of cluster analysis groups of administrative territories of the Orenburg region were found that are characterized by high, average and low level of registered unemployment indicators. Slight changes in cluster structure were identified. Results of cluster-groups comparison can be used as a foundation for devising regional employment policy aiming at smoothing differences between cities and city districts in the Orenburg region by key indicators of this sphere of economy development.


The heat transfer performance of heat exchanger dependents on the pattern of finned array. The heat transfer coefficient of jacketed tube heat exchanger with and without finned array was investigated by computational fluid dynamics. The results reveal that: the heat transfer coefficient of jacketed tube heat exchanger with in-line-fin and staggered-fin increase to the 87.8% and 98.2% of that without finned array, respectively, and with 35.1% and 37.6% increments of pressure drop correspondingly. The heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger with staggered-fin increased to 5.4% compared with that with in-line-fin.


【Objectives】To explore the leptospirosis dominant serogroups and serovars and their distribution in Hunan province, so as to provide the scientific evidences for preventing and controlling leptospirosis. 【Methods】 According to the implement scheme of leptospirosis surveillance in 2007 in Hunan province, we carried on seroepi-demiology investigation with leptospirosis for healthy people in six surveillance areas. MAT method was adopted to detect the sera antibody, and the data was statisiticsed by SPSS 13.0 software. 【Results】The positive rate of the health people of 616 sera samples was 61.04%. The male positive rate was 62.27%, and the female positive rate was 56.63%, the difference was not significant (P0.05). The positive rate in each age group was 43.01% (10~19), 57.78% (20~29), 60.76% (30~39), 67.59% (40~49), 69.23% (50~ ), respectively, and it had significant difference (P 0.05) among them. The positive rates were 52.53% (Ningxiang), 62.50% (Xiangtan), 55.00%(Shuangfeng), 73.79% (Yuanjiang), 70.00% (Liuyang), 51.00% (Liling), respectively, and it had significant difference (P 0.05) among them. The positive rate of each serovar was 30.19% (lai), 27.27% (ballum),23.70% (ausstralis), 12.50% (autumnalis), 8.77% (linhai), 6.17% (canicola), 5.36% (hebdomadis), 4.38% (cingshui), 3.41% (pomona), 1.30% (wolffi) re- spectively, and it had significant difference (P 0.05) among them. 【Conclusions】The serovars of leptospirosis pri- mary were Icte, Autu, Grip in Hunan province, and the infection rate were significant difference among surveillance areas, serotypes ,genders and age groups.


In this paper, we present a new, graph-based modeling approach and a polynomial-sized linear programming (LP) formulation of the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). The approach is illustrated with a numerical example.


The invention relates to a novel processing method for a flux-cored wire for austenite submerged arc resurfacing welding. The flux-cored wire comprises the following components by weight percent: 30-39% of chromium, 48-59% of nickel, 0.5-3% of ferroniobium, 0.8-6% of molybdenum, 0.9-7% of electrolytic manganese, 0.5-3% of rare-earth silicoferrite and 0.5-2.5% of sodium fluosilicate. The method comprises the following steps: selecting alloy elements; weighting, drying, mixing and stirring the alloy elements for later use; selecting a steel plate, shearing the steel plate into steel strips; rolling the steel strips; loading the mixed and stirred alloy element powder on the rolled steel strips; forming under a sealed condition; and drawing to obtain a phi3.2-5 finished product. According to the novel processing method provided by the invention, the components of the metal materials of the resurfacing welding wire are multi-element alloy, the structure is austenite, the hardness is HRC28-38, and the flux-cored wire still has excellent high-temperature antioxidant property, high-temperature creep resistance and abrasion resistance at 1100 DEG C. After the flux-cored wire is used, the service life of an industrial heating furnace roller is prolonged.


Information and Communication Technology is a critical enabler for service delivery in local government. The importance of adequate business and ICT continuity should therefore not be understated. Effective ICT Readiness, as part of the wider Business Continuity system, enables ICT to be more resilient and able to recover should an incident or disaster occur. However, within South African local government, ICT continuity controls are found to be ineffective. This is an ongoing problem reported by the Auditor-General of South Africa. The objective of this paper is therefore to propose a model, based on literature and a design-oriented research approach, for the implementation and operation of ICT readiness in local government - applicable throughout the continent of Africa.


Research in biomechanics supports the idea that humans perform skilled tasks as self-optimizing machines. A rider pumping a playground swing can be modeled adequately as a second-order system. The focus of this article is the problem of time-optimal pumping of a swing, where the rider pumps the swing by alternately standing and squatting. The rider-and-swing system is modeled as a pendulum with a bob of mass attached to a fixed support by a rope of variable length. Children playing on a swing generally stand up at the lowest point and squat at the highest. Using the Pontryagin minimum principle and techniques from geometric optimal control, it is shown that this pumping strategy is time-optimal for the problem of maximizing the amplitude of oscillation of a swing.


The article analyzes the interaction between two narrative modes that made it possible to define the social sciences in Colombia: the essay and the scientific text. First, it discusses the essay, not as an emerging disciplinary knowledge, but as the literary basis of social science in the country during the first half of the 20 th century. The article then goes on to highlight the contrast between and the coexistence of disciplinary training and essay writing, using the case of the Escuela Normal Superior as reference and discussing the inclusion of North American rural sociology in Colombia. The text concludes that interdisciplinarity was a discursive practice that developed together with the professionalization of knowledge.


Chinese historians have had profound reflections since 1979 upon the developmental course, historical functions, and the exact understanding and correct usage, of materialistic views of history and of Marxism in history itself, through which, the understanding of the basic principles of materialistic views of history has been deepened, the correct direction of Marxist study of history had been found out, the trust in developing Marxist study of history has been confirmed, and the historical study in China has been promoted.


Plants of Lolium perenne, set up in a minisward in a glasshouse, were redefoliated at 3, 6 or 3 plus 6 days after defoliation at 2 or 5 cm stubble height. Regrowth, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, and tillers per plant and tiller weight were measured. At the extreme, 70% of plants died when they were defoliated at 2 cm stubble height and redefoliated at 3 plus 6 days later. The mean total regrowth at the 3 leaves per tiller stage (and including the DM yield at each redefoliation) of the surviving plants was 4% of plants not defoliated and cut to the same stubble height. Redefoliation had a less marked effect on plants cut at 5 cm stubble height, reducing total regrowth by 55, 78 and 95%, for plants redefoliated at 3, 6 or 3 plus 6 days, respectively. There was a very significant relationship between tillers per plant and stubble WSC (mglplant) (Adj r2 = 0.90; P = 0.001) or stubble DM (g/plant) (Adj r2 = 0.89; P = 0.001) at the 1+ a leaf stage of regrowth on DM yields at the 3 stage of the regrowth cycle. These results confirm the dramatic effect of redefoliation on regrowth of ryegrass plants, and support the recommendation that grazing duration in the field be restricted to less than 3 days to prevent stock regrazing new leaf.


Heat generation mechanism of ultrasound infrared thermography is still not well understood, yet and there are two reliable assumptions of heat generation, friction and thermo-mechanical effect. This paper investigates the principal cause of heat generation at fatigue crack with experimental and numerical approach. Our results show most of heat generation is contributed by friction between crack interface and thermo-mechanical effect is a negligible quantity.


Reply: Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting or Primary Periosteoplasty? Sir: Thank you for the opportunity to respond to Dr. Giacomina et al. The authors describe their technique for primary periosteoplasty. It is reasonable to assume that this modification offers superior periosteal blood supply; however, we do not really know whether the osteogenic potential is also enhanced. What we do know is that the various techniques of primary gingivoperiosteoplasty all have the capacity to induce bone. It seems that an important determinant for the outcome is cleft width, because protocols including presurgical alveolar molding to narrow the cleft have produced the more favorable results. Groups advocating primary periosteal flaps have emphasized the benefit of obviating the secondary alveolar bone grafting procedure, and this can be achieved in approximately two-thirds to three-fourths of the patients. The point is to reduce the total burden of care for patients that frequently require extensive treatment during infancy, childhood, and early adulthood. It has not been made clear whether the primary gingivoperiosteoplasty negatively affects the outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in those patients where insufficient bone was formed—in the Uppsala series, it did. Long-term studies looking at the stability of the grafted bone and other aspects, such as occlusion, dental status, and frequency of anterior fistulae, are lacking. The type of orthodontic treatment, primary or later on in permanent dentition, is rarely presented. There is evidence that the combination of presurgical alveolar molding and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty increases the need for later Le Fort I advancement, which indicates negative effects on maxillary growth.1 Postponing alveolar reconstruction to the stage of mixed dentition was advanced as a way of reducing negative effects on growth. This procedure has consistently produced results, with 80 to 90 percent of patients scoring a Bergland index of 1. It should be integrated into a long-term surgical and orthodontic treatment plan. Surgery is timed with eruption of the permanent canine teeth and frequently preceded by orthodontic expansion to produce a more harmonious alveolar ridge form. Any remaining oronasal communication through the anterior aspect of the cleft is closed. In its entirety, this approach restores the bony platform that supports the nasolabial soft-tissue complex and facilitates further orthodontic and orthognathic work. As for long-term outcomes, we have previously reported on 10-year results.2 The once-grafted bone undergoes gradual degradation in approximately half 500–506; 27, pp. 98–130; XI [1858], 31, pp. 422–428, 467–482; 32, pp. 225–248. 4. Lazzeri D, Gatti GL, Romeo G, Balmelli B, Massei A. Bone regeneration and periosteoplasty: A 250-year-long history. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2009;46:621–628. of the patients. We identified preventable oral and dental factors affecting bone height and concluded that long-term orthodontic interceptive treatment is important for a stable long-term outcome. The success of alveolar cleft reconstruction depends on more than the surgery itself. The treatment of patients with clefts is a complex, long-term, and interdisciplinary process frequently entailing multiple operations. The total burden of care is considerable. However, the greatest burden is put on patients with suboptimal results and scarred tissues from failed surgical procedures. Our philosophy is therefore to only perform operations and surgical maneuvers that we know will achieve the desired goal in the vast majority of patients. We look forward to further long-term evaluations of primary gingivoperiosteoplasty addressing the multiple outcome parameters relevant to alveolar cleft reconstruction. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003554


Abstract In this paper we continue, from [2], the development of provably recursive analysis, that is, the study of real numbers defined by programs which can be proven to be correct in some fixed axiom system S. In particular we develop the provable analogue of an effective operator on the set of recursive real numbers, namely, a provably correct operator on the set of provably recursive real numbers. In Theorems 1 and 2 we exhibit a provably correct operator on which is discontinuous at 0; we thus disprove the analogue of the Ceitin-Moschovakis theorem of recursive analysis, which states that every effective operator on is (effectively) continuous. Our final theorems show, however, that no provably correct operator on can be proven (in S) to be discontinuous.


We investigate optimization performance of chaotic evolution algorithm with random crossover rate by comparing the ones with constant crossover rate. We found that searching around the target vector is always useful for optimization by analysing convergent results. Setting a big crossover rate at the initial generation and small one in the end are great strategies of crossover rate setting for chaotic evolution. It presents exploitation and exploration capabilities of chaotic evolution algorithm. However, in the more benchmark cases' condition, chaotic evolution algorithms with any crossover rate setting have the same search performance from multivariate statistical test. We found that search with a large crossover rate in the beginning, and do with a small one at the end, it can enhance search capability of chaotic evolution algorithm. We also discuss and analyse related issues, open topics, and future works on crossover rate of chaotic evolution algorithm.


High Z targets have been irradiated with a high contrast 500 fs laser pulse (0.53 μm wavelength) at around 1017 W/cm2. Experiments have been realized with the INRS Table Top Terawatt laser. The absence of prepulse allows us to produce hot ultra-dense plasmas which are very interesting for the development of ultrafast X-ray sources. L and M shell spectra of respectively Ge and Ta targets which have been recorded with a Von Hamos spectrometer, will be presented and analyzed. The effects of the laser plasma density gradient scale length and of the laser intensity on the high Z source brightness and duration will be discussed.


Radiomics is encouraging a paradigm shift in oncological diagnostics towards the symbiosis of radiology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The aim is to exploit very accurate, robust image processing algorithms and provide quantitative information about the phenotypic differences of cancer traits. By exploring the association between this quantitative information and patients' prognosis, AI algorithms are boosting the power of radiomics in the perspective of precision oncology. However,thechoiceofthemostsuitableAImethodcandetermine the success of a radiomic application. The current state-of-the art methods in radiomics aim at extracting statistical features from biomedical images and, then, process them with Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Many works have been reported in the literature presenting various combinations of radiomic features and ML methods. In this preliminary study, we aim to analyse the performance of a radiomic approach to predict prostate cancer (PCa) aggressivenessfrommulti-parametricMagneticResonanceImaging (mp-MRI). Clinical mp-MRI data were collected from patients with histology-confirmed PCa and labelled by a team of expert radiologists. Such data were used to extract and select two sets of radiomic features; hence, the classification performances of five classifiers were assessed. This analysis is meant as a preliminary step towards the overall goal of investigating the potential of radiomic-based analyses.


Introduction: Carthamus tinctorius L. , a member of the family Compositae, is a Thai plant traditionally used for hair treatment. Our previous studies showed that C. tinctorius floret ethanolic extract (CTE) could stimulate the hair growth-related gene and suppress the hair loss-associated gene expression in dermal papilla cells. Furthermore, this plant extract promoted the growth of hair in mice. Method: In this study, the effect of CTE on the length of cultured hair follicle was examined. Moreover, the toxicity of CTE on keratinocytes (HaCaT), melanocytes (B16F10) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) was investigated. Besides, the skin permeability of CTE also was measured. Results: The results revealed that CTE showed a significant increase in length of cultured hair follicles. For cytotoxic assay, after 24 h incubation the cultured cells were evaluated by using MTT assay, the high IC 50 of CTE on HaCaT, B16F10 and DPCs were 2.19±0.11, 3.62±0.69, and >5.00 mg/ml, respectively. The permeability of CTE from side by side diffusion cell method through porcine skin over 24 h was measured with UV-HPLC, the permeation rate in water vehicle of hydroxysafflor yellow A, a chemical component of CTE, was 82.01 µg/cm 2 / h. When the enhancers including propylene glycol and ethanol were added in the vehicle, the permeation rate raised up to 141.44 µg/cm 2 / h. Conclusion: The results suggest that CTE has potential as a safe hair growth promoter with high skin permeation and it is suitable for further development as a topical agent. Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius , hair growth promotion, cytotoxicity, skin permeation * Correspondence author: firstname.lastname@example.com


High-frequency analog RF ultrasonic signals, typically in the 1 – 10 Mhz range, are transmitted over coaxial cables. In order to maintain signal amplitude, quality and fidelity, the cables should be as short as possible – generally less than 150' (45.7 m). For applications where very long distances are required, it becomes necessary to place the UT instrumentation close to the transducer and digitize the data before sending it the required longer distances. This paper discloses and compares three different network topologies and approaches to remoting the UT system: Modbus over RS-485, Cellular and LORA WLAN. Additionally, the paper will review several practical and costeffective examples for remote UT monitoring at various Oil & Gas and Power Generation facilities


Abstract The common symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux are heartburn and regurgitation and these are often readily recognizable. Reflux is also one of the causes of several other symptoms, e.g. globus pharyngis, chronic laryngitis and pulmonary fibrosis, and the knowledge that reflux is present may be of paramount clinical importance in these conditions. Conventional radiographic tests of reflux during barium meal examinations are unreliable, and pH monitoring and manometric tests are not practicable for routine use. In the acid-barium test, oesophageal peristalsis is observed during perfusion with barium sulphate suspension containing 0·35 per cent hydrochloric acid (pH 1·7). Delayed emptying and non-peristaltic contractions are the indicators of a positive test. The test was done in 350 patients and the results compared with the clinical evidence of reflux. The test correlated only moderately well with the clinical features, mainly because of unexpected positive tests in patients without other eviden...


In the mexican economic system the denominated Mypymes conform the microempresas, small companies and medium companies, the small and medium generate 30 % of the total employment, while the microempresas 46 %. This study is made a recount of the Mypymes in Mexico, with emphasis in the year 2010, where were a significant quantity of companies closed its activities, standing out the insecurity /1/, crisis and decrease of the internal market. The study is been of a permanent work with data of the INEGI /2/ for the Applied Economy Laboratory (LAE) in the Academic Unit of Economy of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas Mexico, and the Center of Studies of Applied Investigations to the Production and the Services of the Economic and Managerial Sciences Faculty of the Universidad de Oriente in Santiago de Cuba. Also by the classic analysis of regression is projected the possible unemployment the year 2012, based on the prognosis of Mypymes for this stage, which was in an increment in the number of unemployment of 2,54 %.


Objective To evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermis growth-factor receptor 2(HER-2), to determine the phenotype transformation of these receptors before and after recurrence and/or metastasis, and to explore the effects of expression and phenotype transformation of receptors on the treatment efficacy and clinical prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Methods Based on the phenotype transformation of ER, PR, and HER-2 receptor, 211 breast cancer patients were assigned to 3 groups. Twenty patients of Group A were with primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, defined as lacking expression of ER, PR and HER2) which transformed into non-TNBC after recurrence and/ or metastasis, 73 of Group B were with primary non-TNBC which transformed into TNBC after recurrence and/or metastasis, and 118 of Group C were with primary TNBC which was still TNBC after recurrence and/or metastasis. The phenotype transformation of receptors, recurrence/metastasis, and efficacy and clinical prognosis were analyzed following collection of general information of the patients. Results The median age of 211 recurrent patients was 52 years (range, 22 to 78 years). Most of the patients exhibited solitary metastasis. The most common locations of the initial metastasis were lymph node, bone and skin. The median disease-free survival for Groups A, B, and C was 34.0, 25.0, and 20.0 months, respectively. The clinical effect of Groups B and C was better than that of Group A for first-line, second-line, and third-line rescuing therapy (P=0.030, 0.003, 0.001). However, the clinical benefit rate of Group A was higher than those of Groups B and C for rescuing endocrine therapy. The median follow-up time of the 211 patients was 68 months (range, 20 to 127 months), and the median survival after recurrence for Groups A, B, and C was 63.1, 33.7, and 25.8 months respectively (P=0.000). The median overall survival for Groups A, B, and C was 156.7, 67.8, and 47.4 months respectively (P=0.000). Conclusions The phenotype transformation of ER, PR and HER-2 may influence the clinical prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, the expression of ER, PR and HER-2 should be determined to ensure the efficacy of rescuing therapy.


In this paper, the authors have developed a formulation for the dependence of electron and ion densities on the irradiance of an electromagnetic beam in a plasma with multiply charged ions, corresponding to collisional, ponderomotive, and relativistic-ponderomotive nonlinearities and different electron/ion temperatures; consequently, the corresponding expressions for the electron density modification in the presence of an electromagnetic (em) field have been derived. Paraxial approach in the vicinity of intensity maximum has been adopted to analyze the propagation characteristics of an em beam in such plasmas; on the basis of this analysis, critical curves and self-focusing curves have been computed numerically and graphically illustrated. For a numerical appreciation of the analysis, we have specifically carried out the computations for the simultaneous presence of singly and doubly charged ions in the plasma. As an important outcome, it is seen that the nonlinear effects (and hence self-focusing) get su...


We investigate technology spillovers and capital gains created by corporate venture capital (CVC) investments for corporate investors. We document that technological advances attributable to CVC investments enhance a corporate investor's value; the capital gains have a negligible effect. These technology spillovers are enhanced when corporate investors make their investments in pre-IPO and technologically related start-ups without co-investors.


A partial image reconstruction formalism is introduced for the targeted extraction of real‐time feedback from arbitrary trajectories when full image reconstruction in real time is computationally too demanding.


The paper analyzes the regional legislative improvements of external economic relations made by the Sakhalin Oblast's authorities, and shows that this process should be intensified since the potential of the region, being a frontier one, has not been fully realized despite its positive dynamics in foreign trade and foreign investments.


Volunteer organizations operate in a challenging environment and their management practices toward volunteers have become increasingly influenced by the private sector. This case study explores the impact of brand heritage on the experience of volunteering in such managed environments. We use data from the U.K. Scouts to show that brand heritage has a positive bearing on the level of engagement volunteers experience and on their reported attitude to the way(s) in which they are managed within the volunteer organization. We then use these findings to establish the salience of brand heritage to both long established and recently formed organizations, extending current volunteer management theory; consequently, we suggest volunteer managers utilize the power of brand heritage through unlocking its ability to retain engaged and satisfied volunteers.


The transmission of pressure fluctuations was studied experimentally, along with the transmission of temperature fluctuations from a plenum through the exit of a nozzle into the ambient atmosphere. The experiments were conducted for discrete frequency inputs of both temperature and pressure fluctuations from 100 to 5000 Hz and for an exit Mach number of 0.56. The experiments revealed a direct proportionality between the generated pressure fluctuations and those sensed in the far field. The data obtained are used as a basis to develop a model for the transmission internal temperature and pressure fluctuations through a jet.


In a pinyon-juniper chaparral habitat in north central Arizona arthropod numbers were reduced for only about 2 years after disturbance caused by the construction of high voltage powerlines. Thereafter, arthropod densities increased to a level equal to or surpassing the control area. Significant reduction occurred in the Acarina, Melyridae, and Coccoidea. The number of taxa occurring on the study plot was variable and minimally affected by construction. Arthropod com- munity similarity appears to be related to total plant cover and not exclusively the presence of particular plant species. Ecological similarity of new plant colonizers to former inhabitants also may play an important role in the recovery of arthropods. Construction caused a great reduction in perennial grasses, a delayed reduction in perennial herbs, and in general an increase in annual herbs. Shrub live oak, a colonizer of disturbed areas, was important in the reestablishment of arthropods on the disturbed plot because it provided a vertical vegetational component and a greater amount of cover. Little site preparation and thus little disturbance was necessary for construction of a transmis- sion tower at this locality, which probably aided in rapid recolonization of plants and arthropods. Greater numbers of arthropod-plant correlations may be the result of reduced foodweb complexity on the disturbed area, with a disruption of the ability of secondary, tertiary, and possibly quater- nary arthropod consumers to regulate arthropod primary consumer populations.


The purpose of this study was to understand how elementary school teachers implemented culturally responsive teaching in their classes in Taiwan. Data were collected through interviews from five teachers with new Taiwanese children in their classes. The results indicated that teachers practised culturally responsive teaching based on the prescripts of existing school regulations. Due to the restrictions of education policy, curriculum, school regulations, few numbers of new Taiwanese children in the class, and parents' lower expectation, significant teaching reform to meet the diverse needs of students and improve their learning is still a long way off.


To evaluate the energy efficiency of the energy conversion and transfer, and the dig energy-saving potential during coal-fired power generation, the energy-loss mechanism was determined through a comparative analysis of thermal and exergy equilibria. Energy loss is first identified as exergy destruction, which is then gradually collected and finally discharged in the form of waste heat through terminals such as a condenser. Furthermore, the exergy-destruction distribution represents the theoretical energy-saving potential, which occurs mainly in the boiler. Accordingly, an in-depth study was conducted on the technical approaches to reduce the combustion- and heat transfer-induced exergy-destruction and other exergy-destruction in the boiler. These technical approaches include elevating hot-air temperature, oxy combustion, reducing excess air coefficient, and increasing the main steam/reheated steam parameters. Results show that technical solutions of elevating the hot-air temperature, increasing the air oxygen content, elevating the main steam/reheated steam temperature, and increasing the main steam pressure can reduce the net coal-consumption rate of a coal-fired power unit by 6–9, 6–10, 11, and 5– 12 g/kW·h, respectively. These conclusions indicate the direction of the development of energy-saving technologies for coal-fired power generation.


Today's community nurse is not the assistant
of doctor or the performer of technical actions. The new role is
provided for the community nurse. It is the specialist of holistic
competence whose aim of the activity is the corporal, spiritual and
social welfare of the community. The versatile and energetic
activity of the community nurse is possible only if the security of
the needs and expectations of the nurses is ensured. Only the nurse
satisfied with his work can ensure the comprehensively qualitative
service. Aim of the study – to evaluate the work satisfaction of
Lithuanian community nurses and the factors influencing the work
satisfaction in the context of primary health care reform.
Objectives of the study: 1. To evaluate the work motives of the
community nurses. 2. To evaluate the work satisfaction of nurses in
various aspects of work. 3. To evaluate the attitude of community
nurses towards the reform of primary health care system and
participation in it. 4. To establish the connections of work
satisfaction of nurses with the professional, uniting nurses,
social economic and primary health care reform related factors. 5.
To ascertain the possible effects of work satisfaction of
nurses.


Directional Overcurrent Relays (DOCR) are widely used in meshed distribution and sub-transmission networks to provide inexpensive primary protection and in transmission systems as the second line of protection to distance and/or differential protection relays that serve as the primary protection system. DOCR operation settings (current Pick-up $I_{pickup}$ and Time Multiplier Setting TMS) must ensure that the protection system maintains selectivity during fault isolation at all times. For optimal setting and coordinated operation of DOCR relays, this paper proposes a modified objective function and is tested using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal settings for the IEEE 8-bus test grid.


The vanadium(II) porphyrins [VIIL(PPhMe2)2] and [VIIL(thf)2] have been prepared from [VIVLX2][L = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinate (oep), meso-tetraphenylporphyrinate (tpp), meso-tetra-m-tolylporphyrinate (tmtp), or meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinate (tptp); X = halide]. The crystal structures of [VII(oep)(PPhMe2)2] and [VII(oep)(thf)2] have been solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystals of [VII(oep)(PPhMe2)2] are orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with a= 14.540(2), b= 21.431 (3), c= 15.305(5)A, and Z= 4. Crystals of [VII(oep)(thf)2] are triclinic, space group P, with a= 10.078(1), b= 10.202(3), c= 10.815(1)A, α= 75.54(1), β= 87.63(1), γ= 66.43(1)°, and Z= 1. In both complexes the two non-porphyrin ligands are in a trans configuration. The vanadium atom, being on an inversion centre, lies in the perfect plane of the four nitrogen atoms and is octahedrally co-ordinated {VII–P 2.523(1), VII–O 2.174(4), mean V–N 2.046(4)A for [VII(oep)(thf)2] and 2.051(4)A for [VII(oep)(PPhMe2)2]}.


This paper analyses the dynamic characteristics of MWMS by optimizing the design of the anvil table to ensure the waveform in allowing limit, simulating the impact of MWMS, and demonstrating the influence of the low-pass filter and the height of hammer drop to test results.


Copies of this article can be made free of charge and without securing permission, for purposes of teaching, research, or library reserve. Consent to other kinds of copying, such as that for creating new works, or for resale, must be obtained from both the journal editor(s) and the author(s). M@n@ gement is a double-blind refereed journal where articles are published in their original language as soon as they have been accepted. For a free subscription to M@n@gement, and more information: http://www.management-aims.com © 2013 M@n@gement and the author(s). M@n@gement est la revue officielle de l'AIMS


Ever since its beginnings, mathematics has occupied a special position among all sciences, natural, as well as social sciences and humanities. It has not only provided a role model in terms of methodology, particularly when it comes to natural sciences, but other sciences have always relied on mathematics extensively both in their development and for solving various open questions. The beginning of the 21st century foregrounded the issue of the so-called explanatory role of mathematics in science. However, the reference literature features only a few examples as illustration of this role. This paper aims at showing that those examples, even though they are used for illustrating precisely the same purpose, also illustrate various explanatory scopes which mathematical tools can reach within a scientific explanation. Some of these examples also show how mathematics, unfortunately, provides false credibility to scientific explanations.


conceptual process, he shows weakness-his ability to generalize is low and so is his capacity to grasp the whole.... The Arabs are magnanimous and appreciate generous people. They are outgoing and liberal, they give much, but they also expect a great deal....&dquo; The questions which could be raised by the reader are: To what extent do these characteristics prevail? To what type of Arab does the author refer to? Does the author paint with the same brush the street-hawker of the souk (market-place) and the educated, cosmopolite Western-educated lawyer, politician, doctor, etc.? Dr. Hamady realizes the presence of regional, sub-cultural differences in Arab society, yet she quotes from Ayrout's The Fellaheen where the descriptions are specifically referred to the peasant class. Would such descriptions be intended to apply to the upper-class Arab? Furthermore, Dr. Hamady believes in the limited changeability of the character of the Arab and, therefore, is not reluctant to quote from medieval writers as well as Lane's travel book which


Small hydro power plant project (SHPP) a significant role in renewable energy sector in several countries, Especially Indonesia, among different categories, community based and estate based hydro projects use electric load control technology since it can be locally manufactured, easily to installation and the low cost. For example; constant voltage and frequency in Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). In this method, the principle of phase angle control of back to back thyristor is used. A thyristor is fired at a specific delay angle relative to the zero voltage crossing of the sine wave. A thyristor commutates at zero crossing, will be occurs a twice the frequency and generates total harmonic distortion about of 40% in current with added reactive power burden. This scheme can continuously vary the dump power over nearly the entire range from zero to full load as the delay angle varies from 0 to 180 degree.


Abstract In many life testing, reliability and replacement policy situations, it is desirable to predict the time of future failures from times of the early failures in the same sample. Interval prediction in this setting has been treated by several authors. In this article, the authors give best linear unbiased (blu) point predictors of future failures when the underlying distribution is known up to location and scale. Analogous large sample procedures based on sample quantile theory are provided. The results are illustrated for the exponential and Pareto distributions.


The field effect transistor fabricated in integrated circuits are majorly with junctions. Due to scaling of devices, these junctions have becoming increasingly difficult to fabricate. And also high doping concentration gradient is the stringent requirement for smooth functioning of the device. The newer devices have been proposed and demonstrated in which there are no junctions and no gradients of doping. One such device is the Double Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (DG-MOSFET) without junction which shows remarkable performance against short channel effects such as threshold voltage roll-off, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), etc. In this paper, a two dimensional model of threshold voltage is considered to study the performance of DG-MOSFET. The model used shows how the DG-MOSFET parameters such as the gate channel length, gate oxide thickness, drain to source voltage, and channel thickness, affect the threshold voltage degradation.


Tanning industries, widespread in the city of Fez, release massive amounts of waste (tanned and other wastewater) directly into the Sebou River without treatment. Faced with this situation, we have tried to study the effect of concentrations (500 and 1000 mg.L -1 ) of total chromium in synthetic wastewater of tannery by Sequencing Batch Reactor SBR in order to optimize biological treatment process at the laboratory scale. Both treatments have proved to be quite effective, and the best one corresponds to a total chromium concentration of 500 mg. L -1 , with one cycle per day, and an aeration time of 23 hours. The corresponding results showed a reduction of all chemical parameters with a removal rates for total chromium (100%), CODS (100%), total nitrogen (95.6%) and suspended solids (100%). While the synthetic sewage treatment at a total chromium concentration of 1000 mg.L -1 present a lowest performance.


Recent focus on memories of abuse that are recalled during therapy has alerted mental health care providers to potential hazards to the client, the therapist, and innocent others. Being aware of current research on how memory works can help reduce these risks. Integrating information from both sides of the debate provides a more accurate understanding of delayed memory recall.


New similarity reductions and exact solutions of the steady-state boundary layer equations, which are of considerable importance in physics, are presented. Besides similarity reductions obtained by applying the `non-classical' group method due to Bluman and Cole, some similarity solutions, which figure neither among classical nor among non-classical reductions, are determined using an extension of the non-classical method.


Using the 1978 Gallup unchurched American survey, this paper examines the relationship of religiosity (in several dimensions) to denominational switching. The basic relationships were weak, but consistent with previous research, at least for the dimensions of ritual participation and religious experience. In both cases, switchers were more religious than stayers. Additional analysis looked into this relationship among the sub-populations of evangelicals and non-evangelicals, and also into, religious socialization during childhood. Support was found for a view of the switcher as a convert.


This study estimated the minimum dollars Virginia can expect to save on direct medical costs (primarily paid through Medicaid) by the implementation of a primary safety belt law. The study found that the state of Virginia could expect to save at least $21.5 million dollars over the next 10 years on its annual budget in medical costs alone by implementing a primary safety belt law in 2004.


Channel estimation is a major overhead factor in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output \mbox{(MIMO)} systems, especially under the high- speed railway scenarios. This paper proposes a position-aided channel estimation scheme for high- speed railway communication systems, where both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with large-scale antenna linear arrays. By joint spatio- temporal correlation, the pilot overhead can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the optimal design of transmit power and time interval partition between the training and data phases as well as the antenna size are presented accordingly. Both analytical and simulation results show that the system throughput with position-aided channel estimation does not deteriorate significantly as the mobility increases, which is sharply in contrast with the conventional one that intends to re- estimate the entire channel matrix each block.


Joseph and Rohrlich have recently discussed the theory of pair production and Bremsstrahlung in the field of free and bound electrons. Because of mathematical complexity, no exact calculations of the cross sections for these processes have been made to date. Measurements of the total absorption cross section of liquid hydrogen for 94-Mev photons gave a cross section of 4.7 mb for incoherent pair production, which at 94 Mev should be almost equal to the pair production cross section for a free electron. (A.C.)


In literary translation what has mostly been the focal concern is the transfer of the aesthetic form, while apart from aesthetic form, some convey significant information such as, Persian Ghazals which are enriched with worth-mentioned social substrata providing us with information about social classes, social economics, and social norms etc. This study sets out to focus on a socio-cultural approach to translation in accordance with Itamar Even-Zohar's (1970) cultural theory of literary polysystems along with Gideon Toury's (1980) methodology for Descriptive Translation Studies. This study intends to analyze English translations of Persian Ghazals, with regard to ignorance or conveyance of social orders embedded in the Ghazals.


Purpose Design of stations with designs connected to several modes of transportation that can support the achievement of travel and activity centers. Tanah Abang Station is a large station in Jakarta with a central area of primary activity and is a transit station that connects Tanggerang, Bogor and Central Jakarta. Annual passenger growth continues to grow and the development of transportation systems in Jakarta such as; MRT, LRT, and KA airport, demanding that the service of the transportation system at Tanah Abang station be fulfilled for the people who use railroad services. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods. Development with a transit oriented system with the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) method is the concept of integrated system development with other mass transportation modes in order to accelerate transit times and support community mobility towards offices and other centers of economic activity.


Mutual coupling effects on the radiation patterns of small microstrip antenna arrays suitable for mobile communications applications are studied. The correction of experimental antenna patterns by changing array feed coefficients is examined for 5 GHz linear microstrip arrays with different element spacings. The use of either the element radiation patterns or the scattering parameters to determine the correction matrix is studied. It is shown that the correction can decrease considerably the difference between the real and desired array patterns. The validity of the correction is proven also over a frequency band of 5.0-5.4 GHz using fixed corrected input vectors over the whole frequency band.


This paper describes a concatenated single parity check (SPC) turbo product code for optical transmission systems with a code rate of 0.8. The max-log-MAP algorithm used provides a net coding gain of 11.6 dB at a bit error rate of 10/sup -15/, which is only 1.4 dB from the theoretical limit. This code is highly applicable for the implementation in ultra-long-haul optical transmission systems with a high bandwidth. The extraction of the extrinsic information out of the SPC code is explained in the simplest manner.


Weed management always has been a vigorous task for farmers. Grapevines and weeds compete for water, nutrients, sunlight and have an unfavorable impact on berry size and sugar contents, if uncontrolled. More than 95% of herbicides are reported to reach a destination other than the targeted crops, resulting in wastage and many undesirable effects on the humans, other living organisms and the environment. Mechatronic system on agriculture vehicle is proposed for weed management and soil condition monitoring within the rows of the vineyards. Heavy and dense vegetation is first removed mechanically using a rotating knife and then herbicides are sprayed on the identified weeds, which enable it to reach up to the roots of the weeds for complete removal using image processing techniques. The designed Mechatronics system correctly identifies the different weed species and sprays the right quantity of herbicides at the right place and at the right time using the principle of Precision Agriculture. The proposed system also monitors the different parameters of the soil using a variety of sensors.


This paper compares nominal income and monetary targets in a standard aggregate demand - aggregate supply framework. If the desirability of policies is measured by their effect on the unconditional variance of output, nominal income targeting is preferable if and only if the aggregate elasticity of demand for real balances is greater than one. This is precisely the opposite of the condition that in Bean (1984) is sufficient to make nominal income targeting preferable.This points out the importance of specification of supply and of objective function in work on nominal income targeting.


This study examines how elderly patients and caregivers view the roles and assistance of caregivers in the health care decisions and medical encounters of older patients. Patients and their accompanying caregivers (e.g., family, friends, neighbors) at four clinics were surveyed on patient-caregiver interactions about health-related issues; frequency and importance of caregiver accompaniment on medical visits; reasons for caregiver accompaniment; health characteristics of patients and caregivers, including depression symptoms; and demographic information. Compared with patients not accompanied, patients accompanied on medical visits were more likely to be women, have lower incomes, and experience worse physical and mental health status. Findings provide evidence of the "advocate" and supportive roles played by informal care-givers of elderly patients. The high level of depression symptoms is an issue for physicians.


This paper aims to determine the Analysis of Bureaucratic Transformation through the Development of e-Government in Indonesia. The methodology used in this study uses a library research approach, and data collection is carried out by reviewing and exploring journals, books, and other supporting documents related to the research focus. The results of the study concluded that e-government must be implemented seriously and consistently so that it can support the transparency of public services. Bureaucratic transformation through e-government must be carried out with the support of several factors, namely, regulations, organizational structure, organizational culture, system reconstruction. E-government has the potential to support the transparency of public services through a consistent monitoring system, extensive knowledge of information technology and integrity


Abstract 3542

Patients affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) who are chemorecfractory or relapsed after an autologous transplantation (autoSCT) may be eligible to a reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIC alloSCT). Patients in progressive (PD) or stable disease (SD) at transplant seem to do worse than those in complete (CR) or partial remission (PR). We reviewed 43 cases of HL patients treated with a RIC alloSCT in our Institute from 2001 to 2010, focusing on the outcome based on disease status, disease characteristics, and treatment used to induce remission before transplant. Thirty patients (70%) were affected by nodular sclerosis HL. Median age at transplant was 31 (range, 53-19), 22 patients (51%) were female. The median number of previous chemotherapy was 4 (range, 2–10). Seven patients (16%) underwent autoSCT followed by alloSCT and 3/7 of them (43%) were in CR before allografting. All but one of the other 36 patients (81%) relapsed after an autoSCT and before allografting, were treated as follows: 19 received hyperfractioned polichemotherapy (D-PACE n=16, HypercHidam n=2, EPOCH n=1), 8 patients received conventional chemotherapy (gemcytabin based-chemotherapy n=4, BEACOPP n=1, bendamustine n=2, mecloretamin n=1) and 12/27 (44%) of these patients achieved CR, 8 patients received non-chemotherapy drugs alone or combined with chemotherapy in the setting of phase I-II trials and 3/8 (37%) were in CR at transplant, only one patient was in untested relapse. Thirty two (74%) patients had previously received radiotherapy. Disease status at transplant was: CR n=18 (42%), PR n=16 (37%), PD/SD n=9 (21%). Sixteen patients (37%) had extranodal disease. C-reactive protein (PCR) value at admission was above the normal range in 14 patients (33%). In 40 patients HCT-CI was assessed and it was 0 in n= 5 (13%), 1–2 n= 11 (27%), and ≥3 n= 24 (60%), with almost all the patients having abnormal pulmonary function tests. The type of donor was: HLA identical sibling n= 15 (35%), haploidentical sibling, n= 16 (37%), matched unrelated (MUD) n= 12 (28%). The conditioning regimen was based on thiotepa, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide; 2Gy TBI and T-cell depletion with alemtuzumab or ATG were used in case of haploidentical donor. The median follow-up of living patients was 26 months (range, 2–70).

All but one patients engrafted. The median PFS and OS were 10 months and 38 months, respectively. The estimated 3-year progression free survival (PFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS) were 37% and 52%, respectively. One year and 2-year transplant related mortality (TRM) was 7.6% and 10.8%, respectively. We performed an univariate analysis based on sex, histology, donor type (sibling versus MUD versus haploidentical), number of previous therapies ( 3), extranodal disease, disease status before transplant (CR versus PR versus SD/PD), treatment received at relapse before alloSCT (chemotherapy versus autoSCT versus experimental drugs), previous radiotherapy, HCT-CI (0 versus ≥1), PCR value (normal versus abnormal). OS was influenced by sex (p=0.008, female patients did worse), disease status before alloSCT (p=0.025, both PR and PD/SD patients did worse than CR patients), extranodal disease (p=0.001), and elevated PCR (p=0.002). PFS was adversely correlated to female sex (p= 0.009), PR/PD/SD (p=0.0001), HCT-CI >=1 (p=0.03), extranodal disease (p=0.01), and abnormal PCR (p< 0.001). Haploidentical recipients showed a lower cumulative incidence of relapse (p=0.05), despite a higher NRM (0.02). Of note, the type of therapy received before transplant, either chemotherapy, autoSCT or experimental drugs, did not influence the outcome. In multivariate analysis including disease status, PCR value and extranodal disease, the latter was predictive of OS (p=0.04), disease status (CR versus PR/PD/SD) (p<0.001) and PCR value (p<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. PFS of patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease was not different compared to those without (p=0.29).

In conclusion, RIC alloSCT may be a feasible and efficacious treatment option in chemorefractory and relapsed HL patients, but CR status has been confirmed as one of the strongest predictor of outcome independently of the therapy used to achieve the response. An abnormal PCR value at the time of admission for transplant and a history of extranodal disease are also adverse prognostic factors.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the knowledge and skills of general practitioners in Quebec with respect to persons with dementia.

DESIGN
A questionnaire containing 47 multiple-choice questions on aptitude and nine questions on practice profiles and demographics.

SETTING
Province of Quebec.

PARTICIPANTS
Twelve hundred general practitioners selected randomly.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Performance with respect to the questionnaire's four objectives: to rate background knowledge, to evaluate physicians' knowledge of the assessment and treatment of dementia, to assess follow-up, and to assess interpersonal skills.

RESULTS
Average performance on the questionnaire was 64.7%, with a standard deviation of 11.79%. Performance did not differ markedly from one objective to the next. Most respondents were male (61.6%), working in urban settings (61.7%). Most (72.5%) were between 25 and 44 years, and 44.7% had between 6 and 15 years' experience. About half (44.7%) belonged to group practices, 43.8% worked in acute care hospitals, and 20.6% worked in extended care hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS
Quebec general practitioners have average ability to care for patients with dementia. Continuing education should focus on increasing physicians' knowledge of dementia, especially for those with the lowest scores; physicians 55 years and older, those practising alone, and those who spend less than 60% of their practice time with elderly patients.


Recently, Panesar and Lit published an interesting article where they evaluated the stability of serum thyroid hormones at –808C following storage for 8–11 years (1). They used 30 archived specimens which had been initially analyzed in 2001 using an ACS180 (Bayer Siemens, IL, USA) analyzer and then analyzed using different assays after being stored frozen. Also, they compared the results of the archived samples to those obtained using 10 fresh specimens. The authors have commented on our research where we studied the effects of long-term frozen storage (at –258C) on serum thyroid hormone and antibody concentrations (2). Our study population consisted of serum samples obtained from pregnant women, aged 22–30 years, collected during early pregnancy (6.7–18.0 gestational weeks) and frozen for up to 23 years. All samples (ns50 per year) were collected between March and April during office hours (8.00 a.m.–4.00 p.m.). The samples were thawed for the first time for our study, and were analyzed immediately after thawing. This sampling procedure was done to minimize the effect of biological variation in samples stored for different periods of time. Also, our sample size collected each year is sufficient to show significant differences despite biological variation in samples stored for different times. In our study, storage time had no effect on serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3), and only minimal effects on serum concentrations of free thyroxine (fT4). Although our results showed some increase in fT4 values with extended storage time (5.5% of the total


Film critics normally view sequels as exploitative products that cash in on the popularity of earlier blockbusters, invariably inferior to the original films. However, most critics today consider the 1974 sequel to The Godfather not only better than the first movie but one of the best movies of the decade. This fact seems even more surprising when one considers that the first Godfather is one of the most beloved films of all time and was, for a brief period, the greatest blockbuster in film history. When The Godfather debuted in 1972, it shattered all the major box office records. It made $8 million in its opening week in national release. It brought in a million dollars a day for twenty-six days and $2 million a week for 23 consecutive weeks. In less than six months, it surpassed Gone with the Wind to become the biggest box-office grosser in history, earning $86,275,000 in rentals by the end of its first year in release. The critics loved it too, on the whole, except that many thought it romanticized and glamorized the Mafia. The astounding success of The Godfather surprised everyone involved with the picture, especially the executives at Paramount, who immediately began badgering director Francis Ford Coppola for a sequel. If the sequel had only a fraction of the financial success of the original movie, it would mean enormous profits. The Godfather, they reasoned, was a formula for success, and, plagued by financial troubles, Hollywood studios in the early seventies coveted successful formulas. In the late sixties and early seventies, theater attendance dropped to record lows. In 1946, 90 million Americans attended the movies each week. That figure dropped to 47 million per week in 1956, and by 1967 attendance fell to a mere 17.8 million, finally hitting an historic low of 15.8 million in 1971, the year before The Godfather's release (Steinberg, 371). Commentators blamed television, the high cost of movie tickets, and the poor quality of the films. Whatever the cause, Hollywood studios in the sixties recorded their worst financial losses in history. Scrambling for audiences, studio executives hardly understood what people wanted from the movies. As a result, studios in the seventies banked on the successes of earlier hits by producing strings of horror movies and disaster movies and whatever else they hoped would please the public. The Godfather spawned a litter of Mafia movies (such as The Don is Dead [1973], Lucky Luciano [1974], The Black Godfather [1974], and Lepke [1975]) just as Bannie and Clyde (1967) and Easy Rider (1969) had engendered movies about sympathetic outlaws and what had come to be called youth culture (Little Fauss and Big Halsey [1970], Getting Straight [1970], Dirty Mary Crazy Larry [1974], The Sugarland Express [1974]). Sequels to popular movies had an almost guaranteed audience, typically earning two-thirds of the profits of the original films (Chown, 103). Not surprisingly, Hollywood loved them, even though the critics did not, and the 1970s saw the greatest incidence of film sequels in Hollywood's history to that time. They Call Me Mr. Tibbs (1970 sequel to In the Heat of the Night), Ben (1972 sequel to Willard), Shaft's Big Score (1972) and Shaft in Africa (1973, both sequels to Shaft), The Trial of Billy Jack (1974 sequel to Billy Jack), Herbie Rides Again (1974) and Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo (1977, both sequels to The Love Bug), Airport '75, '77, and '79, Sounder: Part 2 (1976), Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), Damien-Omen 2 (1978), and Beyond the Poseidon Adventure (1979) exemplify a small number of the sequels that made it to theaters in the seventies, critical assassination notwithstanding.1 Hollywood was taking few chances. Most of these sequels have not seen an audience since their first runs, whereas The Godfather, Part II has had several re-releases and regularly plays on network and cable TV, and, as we shall see, many film critics regard it as the best movie of the period. …


One of the research challenges for 4G-wireless systems is the design of mobility management techniques that integrate cellular and ad-hoc networks. Currently there are no structured mobility management schemes for these heterogeneous multi-hop networks. In this paper we propose an adaptive protocol for mobility management in multi-hop heterogeneous networks (M/sup 3/HN) for seamless mobility in an integrated cellular and ad-hoc network. This paper describes techniques for tracking a mobile node in a multi-hop network with minimum overhead. Using M/sup 3/HN a node can migrate from a single-hop network to a multi-hop connectivity seamlessly. This scheme is independent of the routing protocol used in a multi-hop network.


Test and validation of access control is a crucial part of the security evaluation of the system.A testing approach by extending GFAC is proposed,automatically to test the access control service according to requirements of security evaluation based on common criteria.The implementation of testing on Linux+RSBAC demonstrates the approach available.


This paper proposes a model for a reversible assembly line useful in order to analyze its structural properties. Wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) equipped with robotic manipulator are used in the disassembly operation. The developed model can be used in the stages of designing, configuring and sizing of an Assembly/Disassembly Mechatronic Line (A/DML). For the control and monitoring of an A/DML a Hybrid Petri Net (HPN) model is proposed. In order to facilitate the transformation of the developed HPN model into models useful for supporting the design of control algorithms, a methodology to transform arcs in synchronization events is outlined. The decomposition of Hybrid Petri Net in Synchronized Hybrid Petri Nets (SHPN) suitable for specific programming language is discussed. Finally, results from the simulation of HPN are compared with that recorded from the real A/DML.


Beta‐endorphin‐related opiate peptides or the opiate antagonist naloxone were chronically infused for periods of 24 to 48 hours to the lateral cerebral ventricle of adult male rats using Alza osmotic minipumps. Previous studies have suggested a "chemotactic"‐like effect of opiate peptides for supraependymal macrophages in the region of the third ventricle of the brain. The present study demonstrates a stimulatory effect of beta‐endorphin infusion on the appearance of lymphocyte and neutrophil‐like cells, in addition to macrophages, in the region of the third ventricle, suggestive of an intracerebral inflammatory response. None of the other molecules, including alphaendorphin, methionine‐enkephalin, naloxone, or sterile saline produced similar cellular responses after infusion, although some of the latter substances may have induced the appearance of supraependymal neuron‐like cells in the area. Observations suggest that the chronic presence of beta‐endorphin, a biologically active opiate peptide, will interact with cells of the immune system, which have the ability to gain access to the cerebrospinal fluid.


The thesis work concentrated on the developments of selection strategies for the observation of MSSM Higgs bosons in the context of the CMS experiment. The thesis shows, by an example with a MSSM (Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model) Higgs decaying into two tau, how to define the trigger strategy. The method can be applied for any final state.


The utility model discloses a circuit board fixing mechanism. The circuit board fixing mechanism comprises a housing and a positioning member, wherein the housing has a bottom surface and at least one sidewall; the sidewall is bent and connected with the bottom surface and is provided with an opening; one bottom end of the positioning member is disposed on the bottom surface; and one top end of the positioning member has a height difference structure. The height difference structure includes a first support surface and a second support surface, wherein the first support surface is formed in an inner area of the height difference structure, and the second support surface surrounds the first support surface and is formed in an outer area of the height difference structure. The positioning member, according to the diameter of the through hole of the circuit board, presses against the circuit board with the first support surface or the second support surface, so that one insert groove of the circuit board is aligned with the opening of the housing. The circuit board fixing mechanism is a fixing mechanism which can install circuit boards of various sizes without replacing any parts, and thus can help to reduce manufacturing cost and improve assembly convenience.


Corazon de Dixie: Mexicanos in the U.S. South since 1910 . David J. Weber Series in the New Borderlands History. By Julie M. Weise. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. xiii + 344 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. $32.50, paper.)

While ethnic Mexicans appear as relative newcomers in current political and historical descriptions of the American South, Julie M. Weise's sweeping examination of Mexican people in the region forces readers to rethink their ideas of Southern history, labor history, and the history of race in America. Mexican people appear everywhere in the South but, more importantly in Weise's treatment, not as a monolithic, homogenous community. Rather a diverse set of experiences unified by their connections to the Mexican state, changing labor and racial structures and the need to build community … raramos{at}uh.edu


The battery energy storage system (BESS) is extensively used to deal with the fluctuations in grid injected power caused by the variations in wind speed and solar insolation. This paper proposes a Kalman filter based control strategy for reducing the fluctuations in power injection from wind and photovoltaic (PV) system using BESS. The investigated time period is divided into several intervals such that the variation of power fluctuation in each interval can be obtained. The fluctuations are evaluated by determining the maximum and minimum value of the grid injected power in the given interval. Discrete Kalman Filter uses the weighted average value of the maximum and minimum of the fluctuated power of each interval to generate the desired output power of the wind and PV generation such that the fluctuations are drastically reduced.


Based on experience in marital and sexual counseling several factors are considered. Counseling for family planning should begin at the earliest possible time and be carried out with both husband and wife present. Failure or lack of family planning may produce sexual difficulties leading to deterioration of the marital relationship. A joint decision regarding children (if they want them when and how many and how they want to space them should be made. Knowledge by the couple of various contraceptive methods is essential. Physicians should be aware of psychological drawbacks of specific contraceptive (relative effectiveness motivation required physical side effects creating anxiety) and be alert for seemingly unrelated marital difficulties which may influence family planning practice. Psychological factors may create problems for couples unable to conceive.


The mutual and simultaneous action of external variable forces on (offshore) wind support structures causes fatigue. Fatigue analysis in this context relies on 10-minute-long strain signals. Cycle-counting allows capturing the fatigue cycles nested within these signals but inevitably leaves some open loops called half-cycles or residuals. Some other loops are not even cycle-counted because the algorithm cannot catch low-frequency (LF) cycles spanning more than 10 minutes, as caused, e.g., by wind speed variations. Notwithstanding, LF cycles are also the most damaging since they always contain the highest range in the variable amplitude signal. Therefore, counting multiple 10-minute signals and merging the resulting histograms into one inevitably has some non-conservative effects, for it leaves the LF cycles uncounted. In this work, we avoid signal concatenation to recover the LF effect. To do so, we use the residuals sequence from the 10-minute signals as it embeds the LF information. As method validation, we compare the impact of LF fatigue dynamics recovery on the linearly accumulated damage using a real-life dataset measured at a Belgian offshore wind turbine. By defining a factor that incorporates the LF effect, we observe that after 300 days of observation, the factor converges to a fixed value.


We discuss the Josephson current between two noncentrosymmetric superconductors. The coexistence of superconducting order parameters between the spin-singletS and the helical p-wave spin-tripletT enriches a variety of low-temperature behavior of the Josephson current depending on their relative amplitudes. We will show that characteristic behaviors of the Josephson current forS >� T are clearly different from those for � S <� T. The topologically protected zero-energysurface bound states are responsible for the clear difference. We conclude that the Josephson current reflects well the character of the topological surface states and the pairing symmetry of noncentrosymmetric superconductors.


The majority of hydraulic processes under a natural condition in a field are carried out under unsaturated flow conditions. The soil moisture retention curve (SMRC) is the most important hydraulic characteristic of an unsaturated soil whose knowledge is of prime importance in soil-water studies such as soil conservation, soil erosion, land evaluation, soil reclamation, and water resources management. SMRC can be determined by two different direct and indirect methods. While there are noticeable developments on direct methods, they are still time- and labor-consuming. As a result, researchers are focusing more on indirect methods. The present research has evaluated some common PTFs for predicting the SMRC for a number of soils in Iran. Fifty soils, the majority of which were loam and clay loam, were taken from Karaj, Amol, and Babol in the north of Iran. Soil water contents corresponding to matric potentials of 0, -5, -33, -100, -500, and -1500 kPa were determined by a pressure plate apparatus. Four common PTFs of Rawls and Brakensiek (RB), Vereeken et al. (VMFD), Wosten (W), and Wosten et al. (WLNL) were used in this study. To evaluate these PTFs, the GMER (Geometric mean error ratio), GSDER (Geometric standard deviation of error ratio), and RMSE (Root mean square error) indices were considered. The results showed that these PTFs functioned better for loam-textured soils. VMFD and WLNL PTFs performed better, while VMFD was better than the others for clay loam soils. In general, better fit was found as the matric potential increased.


Asymptotic vector wave formulas for calculating the cutoff frequencies in optical fibres with graded-index core and uniform cladding are derived. Numerical examples are given in comparison with the scalar wave solutions, in order to show that the mode degeneracy present in the regime of scalar wave approximations is removed and the cutoff values in degenerate states split slightly.


Following Palestine's acceptance as a "non-member observer State" to the United Nations in November 2012, Israel announced the construction of new settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The construction of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories is considered to be one of the main obstacles for peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a whole and the questions on the legality of Israeli settlements in the West Bank in particular involve historical, religious and political positions of the conflicting parties that seem barely reconcilable. Faced with these complex and conflicting views, this article argues that international law could serve as an 'objective framework' to clarify some of the disputed issues.


An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended for patients with symptomatic heart failure with ejection fraction ≤35% despite optimal medical therapy. More recently, the benefits of ICDs have been questioned in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (CM).


Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) adult micearerelatively resistant toCryptosporidium parnum infection, eventhough they aredeficient inbothT-andB-cell function. Therequirement for gamma interferon (IFN--y) inthis resistance was examined bytreatment ofthese micewithmonoclonal antibody toIFN-y. SCID miceinjected intraperitoneally withmonoclonal anti-IFN-y 4hbefore andthree times weekly after challenge withC.parvum hadheavyintestinal infections 3weekspostchallenge. SCIDmicesimilarly injected with irrelevant antibody were notinfected. Furthermore, SCIDmicereceiving asingle injection ofanti-IFN-y either 2hbefore or18hafter challenge were alsosusceptible toinfection. Although IFN-y was notdetected inSCID mouse intestinal samples, itwas foundinthesupernatant ofSCIDmouse splenocyte cultures after stimulation withC.parvum antigens. Ontheother hand,SCIDmicereceiving multiple injections ofantibodies against tumornecrosis factor remained resistant toinfection. Thesedataindicate that theresistance ofSCIDmiceto C.parvum infection isIFN-ydependent, whereas tumornecrosis factor appearsnottoplay a significant role.


Gonorrhea, caused by gonococcal infection, is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. With the irrational use of antibiotics and the evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become a serious problem worldwide. At present, as reports of gonococcal strains exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR) are increasing rapidly, the rapid and accurate methods for gonococcal sensitivity detection are in urgent demand to provide support for effective prevention and treatment of gonorrhea. In recent years, nucleic acid detection has provided new method and opportunities for gonococcal sensitivity detection, because of the advantages of short time consumption and automation application, and may gradually replace the traditional culture methods, making it as the first choice for sensitivity detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Among them, the technology of whole genome sequencing (WGS) can provide comprehensive AMR information and evolutionary analyses simultaneously, and gradually show more efficient performance and broad application prospects in the field of AMR monitoring. However, nucleic acid detection methods still face challenges such as cross-reaction and equipment dependence. In summary, nucleic acid detection methods have made great progresses in gonococcal AMR surveillance, substantial challenges still exist. We should overcome the existing challenges and continue to develop nucleic acid detection technologies for gonococcal sensitivity detection monitoring.

Key words:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Antimicrobial resistance; Nucleic acid detection technology; Whole genome sequencing technology


From the processing subsystem fabricated processed organic carbon-containing material, processed biochar composition prepared using a microwave subsystem oxygen shortage is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passes through the processing subsystem, to reduce the water content to at least below 20 wt%, with reduction of at least 60% of the water-soluble salts on a dry basis of water-soluble salts of untreated organic carbon-containing material is there. Treated feedstock substantially introduced into the microwave transparent reaction chamber. Microwave source emits microwaves directed to enter the raw material in the reaction chamber through a microwave transparent wall of the reaction chamber. Microwave source may rotate relative to the reaction chamber. Until the desired reaction has a solid processed biochar fuel is produced occurs, exposing feedstock to microwave. .FIELD 4


The Yogyakarta Social Protection and Rehabilitation Center for Youth (BPSRR) is a place for safeguarding children in conflict with the law. Children who violate the law must undergo a rehabilitation process. However, before carrying out rehabilitation, some functions must be passed, especially the court process determining how long the child will be in repair. This article examines the process of assisting children in conflict with the law. The type of research used by researchers is qualitative research, with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this study were observation and interviews with two social workers, two social workers, and two children dealing with the law and documentation. Using interactive analysis and the triangulation method, it can be seen that the guidance process in assisting children in conflict with the law when carrying out a trial has five stages: the assessment is the initial data stage from children in conflict with the law. Then the second stage is an adaptation in the hostel for children in conflict with the law related to their mental condition. The third stage of the trial guidance process is the direction given by social workers to children in conflict with the law in the trial process that will be carried out. Usually, children are worried because they are unaware of the trial process. Stage four is the individual handling process. In this process, the child experiencing downtime is concerned about personal handling. The fifth stage of group counseling helps children in conflict with the law share experiences with the trial process that is being carried out so that ABH feels better prepared to face the trial.


Holuthuria glaberrima is an echinoderm known for its ability to regenerate its internal organs including its enteric nervous system (ENS). Unfortunately, there is a limited amount of nervous component markers and many of the molecular events that occur during the regeneration of this system in the sea cucumber are still unknown. New insights into the regeneration of the holothurian ENS may be provided by determining the genes involved and differentially expressed in this process. Using a database generated by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we identified two genes that might be associated with regeneration: Slitrk and the gene that encodes Myelin P2 protein. Slitrk proteins have been shown to modulate neurite outgrowth in vertebrate animals. Myelin P2 protein is one of the components of the myelin sheath in vertebrate glial cells, and holothurian glia has been shown to play an important role in the regeneration of the holothurian CNS. We have shown that these genes are present and expressed in normal and regenerating sea cucumber by using various bioinformatic tools, sqPCR and immunohistochemistry. We established a gene expression profile of various tissues and at different stages of intestinal regeneration. To view the spatial localization of Myelin P2 protein, we developed an antibody and localized its expression to the ceolomic epithelium of the intestine and muscle. Finally, our work also explores the evolution of myelin‐related proteins, an interesting development from our findings, since myelin is not found in invertebrate nervous systems. In conclusion, we believe that understanding the role of these genes may aid in the elucidation of possible patterns of ENS regeneration of H. glaberrima.


This paper discusses how innovative marketing model (P.O.W.E.R. Map Model) and inspirational leadership contributes to a success of start up business entrepreneurs. This paper examined the personal, professional, and developmental impact of introducing a constructive developmental perspective to entrepreneurs or "would be entrepreneurs" programme in marketing business and leadership development conduct by Azizan Osman as Richworks Groups' CEO. The self-designed instrument dynamic and innovative 10 P's marketing knowledge developed by Richworks Groups, use of shared entrepreneurs leadership platform. Marketing Mastery 10 P's P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model is a professional innovative ideas with a creative approach of Azizan Osman's 10 P's Model for Marketing. The 10 P's Model was introduced as an extension of the old 4 C and 7 C Marketing model. This models "P" letter is born in the eagerness of moving the traditional Marketing mix model from the productions focus to the Customer (or consumer) focus. This simple mapping of words created a shift in marketing management thinking and strategy. Modern economies have shown this paradigm shift towards customer satisfaction as a priority. Marketing Mastery 10 P's P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model born to explain how successful marketing organization deal of strategy that could increase business profitability in a short period Marketing Mastery 10 P's P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model is a professional representation of the Compass diagram with the concepts that describe the 10 P's: Problem, Potential, Market, Research, Solution, Demand, Product, Competitors Practices, and Proposal (10 P's refer to Bahasa Malaysia vocabulary). Therefore the conceptual paper proposed the study of the development the marketing concept and strategize new give solution in business world. Consequently, the study predicted to transform business performance and enhance entrepreneur to effective marketing solution.


This article deals with the analysis of the time discretization of the supertwisting algorithm, with an implicit Euler method. It is shown that the discretized system is well posed. The existence of a Lyapunov function with convex level sets is proved for the continuous-time closed-loop system. Then, the global asymptotic Lyapunov stability of the unperturbed discrete-time closed-loop system is proved. The convergence to the origin in a finite number of steps is proved also in the unperturbed case. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the implicit method with respect to an explicit discretization with significant chattering reduction.