The starting complex trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] is prepared from trans-[PtCl(CF3)(PPh3)2] by treatment of the derived labile solvento cathionic species trans-[Pt(CF3)(PPh3)2(solv)]BF4(solv = acetone or CH2Cl2) with NaBH4 in EtOH at 0 °C. The hydridotrifluoromethyl complexes trans-[PtH(CF3)L2][L = PMePh2, PMe2Ph, PMe3, P(CH2Ph)Ph2, P(CH2Ph)2Ph, P(CH2Ph)3, PEtPh2, P(C6H11)3, or P (C6H4Me-4)3] are obtained by reaction of trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] with 2 equivalents of phosphine, L, in n-heptane at room temperature. Similar exchange reactions between trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] and equivalent amounts of diphosphine, L–L =cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2, Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2, Me2PCH2CH2PMe2, or Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2, lead to the formation of the corresponding [PtH(CF3)(L–L)] compounds. The hydridotrifluoromethyl complexes with L–L =cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2 and Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 can be prepared also by reaction of the parent chloro derivatives [PtCl(CF3)(L–L)] with NaBH4 in EtOH at room temperatue. The mixed isocyanide–phosphine complexes [PtH(CF3)(PPh3)(CNR)][R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, 4-MeOC6H4, or But] are obtained by reaction of trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] with a three-fold excess of RNC in n-heptane at room temperature. All the hydridotrifluoromethyl complexes are air-stable in the sold state and in solution. They were characterized by elemental analyses and i.r., 1H, 19F, and 31P n.m.r. spectra. The data obtained for ν(PtH) and 1J(PtH) in trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] have been used to compare the trans influence of CF3– with other σ carbon donors,R, in trans-[PtH(R)(PPh3)2] derivatives. The n.m.r.-based trans influence order is CF3– > C6H5– > C6H9– > CH2CH2CN– > CH2CH2CH2CN– > CH3– > CH2CN– > Cl–, wheras the i.r.-based trans influence order is C6H9– > CH2CH2CH2CN– > C6H5–≈ CH3– > CF3– > Cl–. The opposite position of CF3– in the two series of trans influence has been explained by the different mechanism operating on 1J(PtH) and ν(PtH). The first depends predominantly on the s character of the platinum hybrid orbital used in the Pt–H bond, while the second is sensitive also to electrostatic effects induced by the electronegative fluorine atoms. The 1J(PtP) data for the same series of complexes gives the following order of cis influence: Cl– > CH2CN– > CF3–≈ CH3–≈ C6H5–≈ CH2CH2CN– > CH2CH2CH2CN–. From the spectra of trans-[PtH(X)L2](X = CF3 or Cl), the effects of replacing two PPh3 ligands in trans-[PtH(CF3)(PPh3)2] by L on ν(PtH) and 1J(PtH) were measured. With the assumption that the cis effects are additive, the i.r. and n.m.r. parameters were correlated with the electronic χ and steric θ parameters of the phosphine ligands.


Deaf Culture is important for deaf community as it is everywhere in the world. Deaf people are using Visual language (Sign language) for communicating. There are around 300 different types of sign languages are available in the globe like British Sign Language, Indonesian Sign Language, American sign language, etc. Each sign language has its own syntax and semantics. Some sign languages are using one hand gesture, some are using two hand gesture as they have their own rules for communication. There is a need of one standard form of sign language so it will be easier to understand. There are so many challenges and problems are facing by deaf community. Different sign languages are provided different solutions for speech to sign language and sign language to speech conversion. As there is no solution is provided by anyone for Gujarati Sign Language, we proposed a one communication model for Speech to Sign language. Speech will be recognized and convert into text, text will give the HamNoSys Notation (Sign language Notation) from a database and then it converts in SiGML format and then it display a sign animation (Avatar). That model will be helpful to Gujarat region deaf and dumb people for communicating with normal people.


Transcranial Doppler is widely used clinically to measure blood flow velocity (BFV) in cerebral major arteries. This method, however, has a limitation in that its successful measurement depends on the accessibility of patients' cranial window and the technical ability of operators. We therefore developed a novel method to measure BFV in cerebral major arteries with 4D-MRA, which was less susceptible to patients and the conditions of the operators. Methods: 4D-MRA was performed with a 3T MR unit (Achieva TX; Philips Medical Systems) using arterial spin labeling methods. The blood flow through the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the basilar artery (BA) within imaging range was visualized by using look-locker readout methods. BFV was calculated by dividing the flow distance traveled in the arteries by the time elapsed. BFV of 34 patients (non-vascular disease:11, ICA stenotic disease:6, moyamoya disease:9, and cerebral aneurysm:8) were measured using the 4D-MRA method and the 2D phase contrast method. Results: In the case of patients with non-vascular diseases, mean BFV of the right ICA, the left ICA, and the BA was 24.5±7.0, 23.3±6.9, and 17.2±5.1 cm/sec, respectively. Correlation between BFV values from the 4D-MRA method and those from the 2D phase contrast method was statistically significant (r=0.78, p Conclusions: We could steadily obtain BFV in all patients by using the 4D-MRA method without any operational difficulties. In this preliminary study, we observed BFV decrease in ICA stenotic disease and moyamoya disease, and BFV increase in cerebral aneurysm. This novel 4D-MRA method to measure BFV may become a promising tool for pathophysiological evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases.


On the basis of simplified maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, a novel time and frequency synchronization scheme in TD-LTE system is proposed This scheme can get time synchronization and estimate the frequency offset correctly, and has the advantage of effectiveness and low complexity.


This article explores the potential contribution of Habermas's social theory to debates on union decline and renewal in the UK public sector. It employs data relating to 2004—5 research on the National Union of Teachers (NUT) to suggest that two of Habermas's concepts are particularly valuable when considering strategies to increase membership activity. The concept of 'communicative action' is useful for highlighting the importance of spaces for collective discussion among members, while the concept of 'colonization' allows an appreciation of the ways in which these 'communicative spaces' are being increasingly eroded in the course of public sector restructuring. In this context, NUT strategies for renewing membership activity involve opening up alternative communicative spaces for members in schools, the union, and online.


Objective To clone TPT1 gene and express the Fortilin protein in bacteria. Method The TPT1 gene was amplified from cell line A549(human adenocarcinoma of lung)by RT-PCR,and then was cloned into vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct the recombinant pGEX-4T-1/TPT1 plasmid and transfected into the E.coli BL21. IPTG was used to induced the expression of Fortilin fusion protein. SDS-PAGE and Western-blot was used to detect the expressed protein. Result The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1/TPT1 was identified and confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing. A high level of Fortilin fusion protein was expressed in E.coli. SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analysis suggested that the molecular weight of recombinant fusion protein was 45 000 Dalton. Conclusion Successful amplification, cloning and expression of Fortilin fusion protein facilitates further studies on the structure, functions and protein-protein interaction of Fortilin,especially on the anti-apoptosis mechanism.


Information and promotional marketing play central but complex roles in market-based educational programs. This in-depth qualitative study examines these complexities using the case of Supplemental Educational Services, a parental choice program providing federally funded tutoring to low-income students in K–12 public schools. Examining the creation, dissemination, and use of information and promotional marketing is necessary in order to understand how aspects of market theory play out in reality. This kind of inquiry is especially important given that the theory of consumer action behind market-based programs is that parents1 Throughout this paper, "parent" refers to parents and guardians. We use the term parent for simplicity, but the concept of parental choice, as well as the sample of participants in our study, includes nonparent guardians as well. will make the best decisions for their children's education, if they have sufficient information on which to base those decisions. Our data and analysis suggest three findings: first, public management of provider marketing can ensure that consumers receive marketing materials legally and appropriately; it can also help to level the playing field among providers with different marketing resources. Second, promotional materials infrequently focus on specific academic components. Third, districts are largely underutilizing their options in terms of sharing information on provider quality with parents. Together, these findings suggest that moderate regulation of marketing and an increased focus on provider academic quality are likely to improve consumer access to useful data.


Filters which remove the visual spectral components (minus visual) produce optical density increases in all three layers of Kodak Aerochrome infrared film, type 2443. The increased density was reflected in a shift of the characteristics curves of the film; the amount of shift was dependent upon the filtration used. In this study, color compensating filters (CC filtes) in the CC20 range were used. Two types of density increases were observed. The first resulted in the attenuation of reflected energy in certain spectral regions caused by the filters used and the amount of attenuation was measured as a density increase relative to a standard exposure of the same subject; the standard being Type 2443 exposed through a Wratten 12 (W12) filter. The second type of density increase, called an attenuation factor, was detected and resulted from attenuation of the other dye layers present in the film. The attenuation factor was independent of the photographic CC filter factor. Statistical analysis of density values measured on operational test film showed that the density increases were measurable and normally large enough to cause the characteristics curves to shift in the direction of increased density (i.e., towards the red characteristic curve). The distributions represented by the blue, green, and red characteristic curves shifted to the right with the blue and green distributions shifting by an amount that would place them within the red distribution if a larger value minus auxiliary filter were used.


and non-conceptual. So, on the PANIC theory, their lack of phenomenal 12 See Milner and Goodale 1995, 85. I am indebted to Carruthers' (2000, 154-68) discussion of this and other examples; he puts them to a related but somewhat different use. 13 See note 7 above.


Successful pointed observations using the Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) were made of seven z greater than 3 optically selected quasars from the Large Bright Quasar Survey (LBQS). Four detections and three 3 sigma upper limits resulted. Combining these data with the heterogeneous sample of Avni & Tananbaum (1986) confirms their conclusion that the ratio of x-ray to optical luminosity is correlated with optical luminosity and probably not correlated with redshift. This suggests that x-ray luminosity evolves more slowly than optical luminosity. These results are then used in conjunction with the LBQS database to estimate the contribution to the 2 keV x-ray background of bright, optically selected quasars with m(sub B(sub J)) less than 18.85; the result is about 5%.


For multiple decades, activists have sought to institute an international legal regime that limits the ability of despotic governments to borrow money and then shift those obligations onto more democratic successor governments. The goal of this chapter is to raise the possibility of an alternate legal path to raising the costs of borrowing for despotic regimes. All countries have systems of domestic laws that regulate agency relationships and try to deter corruption; otherwise the domestic economy would not function. Despotic governments are especially likely to engage in transactions that are legally problematic, since by definition, they lack the support of the populace; meaning that there is a high likelihood that actions that they take on behalf of the populace can be challenged as unrepresentative and contrary to the interests of the true principals. The foregoing conditions, if one translates them into the context of an ordinary principal–agent relationship, would constitute a voidable transaction in most modern legal systems. That means that if opposition parties in countries with despotic governments today were to monitor and make public the potential problems with debt issuances by their despotic rulers under their own local laws, it would raise the cost of capital for those despots. To support our argument, we use both the concrete example of the debt issuance shenanigans of the Maduro government in Venezuela and a more general analysis of the relationship between corruption, democracy, and a nation's borrowing costs.


Landfill is a potential microbial hub of hydrocarbon (HC) degrading bacterial population owing to nutrient availability and continuous enrichment by organic materials. The degradation and dioxygenase activity of Carnobacterium gallinarum and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from landfill soil in Benin City was investigated. Soil samples were collected from a Government approved landfill in Benin City at a depth of 0 to 10 cm. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were followed for the isolation and characterization of bacterial population. Bacterial isolates were standardized for degradation using spectrophotometer optical density (OD) 0.08 at 600 nm (equivalent to 1×108cfu/ml). The gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was used to determine the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of waste engine oil (WEO) containing samples. The spectrophotometric methods were used for the assay of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) activity. The result of the 16S rRNA analyses of the bacterial isolates confirmed the identity of Carnobacterium gallinarum as 98.71 % and Enterococcus faecalis as 100 %. The degradation profile of Carnobacterium gallinarum and Enterococcus faecalis at varied concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) of WEO showed significant decline in optical density (OD) values from day 1 to day 7. The decline in OD is an indication of utilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the WEO. The result of the gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID analyses) of degraded WEO containing samples revealed the absence of low molecular weight and high molecular weight PAHs after the 7-days degradation study. The presence of HC degrading enzyme in the bacterial isolates was confirmed by the production of C12O and C23O as a result of the formation of cis, cis muconic acid and 2-hydroxymuconic semi-aldehyde respectively. This study revealed that the landfill soil is a potential natural microcosm for WEO degrading bacteria and possesses biologically active HC degrading bacteria population such as Carnobacterium gallinarum and Enterococcus faecalis.


The Teresina-Campo Maior area lies in a presently developing farming and grazing region near the margin of drought-prone northeast Brazil where irrigated farming offers the best potential for economic development. The area comprises 9,700 square kilometers largely of catinga-covered tabular uplands which are drained by the perennial Rio Parnaiba. The climate is hot and humid most of the year but with distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperature extremes range from 20°C to 39°C and the annual rainfall averages 1,200 millimeters. The area's ground-water reservoir is contained chiefly in sandstone aquifers of six westward-dipping sedimentary rock formations, all part of the Maranhao sedimentary basin. The youngest of these formations, namely the Piaui (Pennsylvanian), Poti (Mississippian), Longa (Upper Devonian), and Cabegas (Middle Devonian), contain the principal aquifers. Precipitation is the primary source of recharge to these aquifers and is more than sufficient to replenish current withdrawals from wells. Underlying the principal aquifers are the untapped Pimenteiras and Serra Grande Formations (both Lower Devonian) which in areas adjacent to the report area are moderately good to excellent water producers. These aquifers are recharged principally by lateral inflow from the east. Water also occurs in the alluvial deposits (Quaternary) underlying the flood plain of the Rio Parnaiba but recurrent and uncontrolled flooding at present (1966) precludes their development. Of little economic importance, because they lie above the zone of saturation, are the thin erosional remnants of the Pastos Bons (Upper Triassic), Matuca, and Pedra de Fogo (both Permian) Formations. There are in the report area about 200 drilled wells most of which are pumped with power-driven engines. The wells range from 40 to 500 meters deep but most do not exceed 150 meters, and practically all are completed open hole. Yields range from 500 liters per day for 6-inch-diameter domestic wells to 240,000 liters per hour for 10-inch high-capacity municipal wells. Although there are many more dug wells than drilled wells, dug wells account for less than 1 percent of the current (1966) draft. The current annual withdrawal from the principal aquifers is approximately 5 million cubic meters of which almost half is used for municipal supply and the rest for rural household and irrigation uses. Additional water for public supply is available from aquifers now being pumped, and larger yields probably could be obtained from rural wells designed to take full advantage of the aquifer.


If you want to improve aseismic behavior of frame structure,make structural mem- bers have optimum deformability and release more seismic energy,you must guarautee the structural members with sufficient ductility.Thereof,during aseismic design,the more important is to design the framework column into ductile one. Since the factors to affect the ductility of framework are so many,the author made analysis and adopted some measures upon the problem in order to upgrade under- stress performance of the framework columns and ensure them having enough ductility and higher aseismicity.


A real-time conflict resolution algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) is introduced to address the flight conflict resolution problem in multi-UAV scenarios. Using a low-level controller, the UAV dynamic equations are abstracted into simpler unicycle kinematic equations. The neighboring UAVs exchange their predicted trajectories at each sample time to predict the conflicts. Then, under the predesignated resolution rule and strategy, decentralized coordination and cooperation are performed to resolve the predicted conflicts. The controller structure of the distributed nonlinear model predictive control (DNMPC) is designed to predict potential conflicts and calculate control variables for each UAV. Numerical simulations of multi-UAV coordination are performed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can resolve the conflicts sufficiently in real time, while causing no further conflicts.


This paper deals with the principles for elaborating Information Systems for parks and public squares, with the objective of establishing in these amenities the informational elements of: space orientation, cultural diffusion, environmental education, public property preservation, observing the principles developed in the MSc Research in Design in the UFPE (Federal University of Pernambuco), for the City of Recife. The directions were defined considering the theoretical aspects of life in the free public spaces and informational ergonomics for the parks and public squares. That research established the relevance of the kind of studies which look at the public spaces with the focus on the quality of life in the modern urban environment trying to create a relationship between design studies and landscape architecture.


Preface. Contributors. Part I. Fundamentals of Biomedical Signal Processing and Introduction to Advanced Methods. 1. Methods of Biomedical Signal Processing. Multiparametric and Multidisciplinary Integration toward a Better Comprehension of Pathophysiological Mechanisms (Sergio Cerutti). 2. Data, Signals, and Information. Medical Applications of Digital Signal Processing (Carlo Marchesi, Matteo Paoletti, and Loriano Galeotti). Part II. Points of View of the Physiologist and Clinician. 3. Methods and Neurons (Gabriele E. M. Biella). 4. Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System. From Algorithms to Clinical Practice (Maria Teresa La Rovere). Part III. Models and Biomedical Signals. 5. Parametric Models for the Analysis of Interactions in Biomedical Signals (Giuseppe Baselli, Alberto Porta, and Paolo Bolzern). 6. Use of Interpretative Models in Biological Signal Processing (Mauro Ursino). 7. Multimodal Integration of EEG, MEG, and Functional MRI in the Study of Human Brain Activity (Fabio Babiloni, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani, and Febo Cincotti). 8. Deconvolution for Physiological Signal Analysis (Giovanni Sparacino, Gianluigi Pillonetto, Giuseppe De Nicolao, and Claudio Cobelli). Part IV. Time-Frequency, Time-Scale, and Wavelet Analysis. 9. Linear Time-Frequency Representation (Maurizio Varanini). 10. Quadratic Time-Frequency Representation (Luca Mainardi). 11. Time-Variant Spectral Estimation (Anna M. Bianchi). Part V. Complexity Analysis and Nonlinear Methods. 12. Dynamical Systems and Their Bifurcations (Fabio Dercole and Sergio Rinaldi). 13. Fractal Dimension. From Geometry to Physiology (Rita Balocchi). 14. Nonlinear Analysis of Experimental Time Series (Maria Gabriella Signorini and Manuela Ferrario). 15. Blind Source Separation. Application to Biomedical Signals (Luca Mesin, Ale Holobar, and Roberto Merletti). 16. Higher Order Spectra (Giovanni Calcagnini and Federica Censi). Part VI. Information Processing of Molecular Biology Data. 17. Molecular Bioengineering and Nanobioscience. Data Analysis and Processing Methods (Carmelina Ruggiero). 18. Microarray Data Analysis. General Concepts, Gene Selection, and Classification (Ricardo Bellazzi, Silvio Bicciato, Claudio Cobelli, Barbara Di Camillo, Fulvia Ferraazzi, Paolo Magni, Licia Sacchi, and Gianna Toffolo). 19. Microarray Data Analysis. Gene Regulatory Networks (Riccardo Bellazzi, Silvio Bicciato, Claudio Cobelli, Barbara Di Camillo, Fulvia Ferrazzi, Paolo Magni, Lucia Sacchi, and Gianna Toffolo). 20. Biomolecular Sequence Analysis (Linda Pattini and Sergio Cerutti). Part VII. Classification and Feature Extraction. 21. Soft Computing in Signal and Data Analysis. Neural Networks, Neuro-Fuzzy Networks, and Genetic Algorithms (Giovanni Magenes, Francesco Lunghi, and Stefano Ramat). 22. Interpretation and Classification of Patient Status Patterns (Matteo Paoletti and Carlo Marchesi). Index. IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering.


In this paper,we studied the factors affecting cDNA-AFLP marked castor differential gene,established the suitable cDNA-AFLP analysis system for caster.The results indicated that the concentration of the RNA can be the highest when the lysate volume was 1.4 mL.The enzyme combination EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ digested ds-cDNA thoroughly for 6 h.Then it was linked with the connection and the product was used for pre-amplified.The reproducible result and the rich bands can be obtained that the pre-amplified product was diluted 15-fold then was selective amplified.The research could provide important evidence for further studying the gene of caster on plant height,leaf type and so on.


Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture occurs when wall stress exceeds wall strength. Endografts aim to prevent rupture by reducing wall stress. However, after implantation, AAA may shrink, grow, or stabilize in diameter, even in the absence of apparent flow into the sac or pressurization. This may result in graft failure through loss of seal, kinking, or component separation. Insight from models of treated AAA could provide insight into treatment methods/limitations and for device design. The nature of the stress reduction in AAA by endograft treatment was modeled using FEM in two patients followed at three time points each (pre-treatment, early follow-up, and late follow-up) — one with a "stable" aneurysm and one with a "shrinking" aneurysm.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Aims: To examine the effects of a pepsin inhibitor, pepstatin‐A, a long acting H2‐receptor blocker, loxtidine, exogenous pepsin and exogenous acid against indomethacin‐induced antral ulceration in the rat.


Inasmuch as the subject of dental caries has recently been thoroughly reviewed by Bunting (1) and Hanke (2), it seems unnecessary to present another review at this time. Perhaps it is sufficient to state that at present the prevailing opinions about the cause of caries involve deficiencies of one or more dietary factors. The bacteriological origin has for the moment been relegated to the background. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some simple experiments indicating that caries may be produced on diets that are apparently entirely adequate with respect to the various factors deemed essential for normal dental development and maintenance. These experiments seem to show, therefore, that the caries-producing process is independent of the internal structure of the tooth, and probably involves acid fermentation as the responsible factor. In 1929 there was begun a series of experiments with rats in which were fed diets similar to those used by Mellanby (3) in the production of hypoplastic teeth in puppies. The basal oatmeal-diet was modified by supplementing it with various dried vegetables, to see what effect these might have on the structure of the bones and teeth. A group receiving the stock ration (yellow corn 60, whole-milk powder 30, linseed meal 6, alfalfa meal 3, sodium chloride 1) was included as a normal control. At the end of the experimental period of sixteen weeks the rats were killed, and the bones and teeth examined. Con-


The COVID-19 pandemic requires learning to use an online system. However, there are still many teachers who have difficulty designing appropriate learning for students. This study analyses the project-based learning model assisted by blended learning on scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes—the research population with as many as 184 students. The research sample amounted to 61 students—sampling using the random sampling technique. The design uses Post-test Only Control Group Design. Scientific Attitude data was collected using a questionnaire, and science learning outcomes were collected through an objective test. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the SPSS-17 Manova test. The results showed a significant difference in scientific attitudes between students who followed the project-based learning model assisted by blended learning and students who followed the conventional learning model, with an F value of 471.8. There is a significant difference in science learning outcomes between students who follow the project-based learning model assisted by blended learning and students who take conventional learning, as evidenced by the science learning outcomes with an F value of 3.69. There are differences in scientific attitudes and science learning outcomes simultaneously between students who follow the project-based learning model assisted by blended learning and students who follow the conventional learning model. a significance level of 0.05 resulted in a p < 0.05. It can be concluded that the Project-based Blended Learning learning model can improve scientific attitudes and student learning outcomes.


In this paper, the star-packing problem introduced in [1] for a square lattice is generalized for d-dimensional lattice Ld, d 2 N. The problem is to pack the lattice
Ld with star graphs S2d. Using the solution of this problem, a parallel algorithm for the simulation of d-dimensional cellular automata is developed. As an example of cellular automata, the relaxation process of unstable states of Abelian sandpile model is considered. Appropriate software packages have been developed using OpenMP and CUDA technologies. The parallel simulation results, carried out for 3-dimensional lattices of different sizes, are presented.


An ultrathin InP template with extremely low defect density was realized on Si substrate using wet etching and wafer direct bonding technique. On top of the InP/Si substrate, asymmetric SiO2 mask pattern on one side of the arrayed waveguides was prepared and selective metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth has been demonstrated. According to the cross-sectional scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images, gradually varied height of GaInAs/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures were realized on the substrate and photo-luminescence (PL) measurement showed different band-gaps of the MQW structures. Our approach is of importance to control the in-plane band-gap energy for the integration of InP-based various functional devices on Si substrate. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We conduct an experiment wherein human subjects are asked to order sentences in short multi-document summaries. We perform statistical analyses of the results and present compelling quantitative evidence that when (a) the subjects are likely to do a significantly better job when starting from a reasonable initial order and, (b) there is a significant amount of variability among the reorderings that are produced.


This paper deals with a control strategy of multilevel converter topologies for integration of distributed generation (DG) resources into the power grid. The proposed control plan is based on the direct Lyapunov control (DLC) technique, which is an appropriate tool for the analysis and definition of a stable operating condition for DG link in the power grid. The compensation of instantaneous variations in the reference current components in ac side and dc voltage variations of cascaded capacitors in dc side of the interfacing system is considered properly, which is the main contribution and novelty of this paper in comparison with other control methods. By utilization of the proposed control technique, DG can provide continuous injection of active power in fundamental frequency from the dispersed energy sources to the grid. In addition, reactive power and harmonic current components of nonlinear loads can be provided with fast dynamic response, by setting a multiobjective reference current component in the current loop of DLC-based model. Therefore, achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages are possible, while the required power from the load side is more than the maximum capacity of interfaced multilevel converter. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in DG technology during dynamic and steady-state operating conditions.


This paper presents an application of mechanical verification using LPMC, a new version of the PMC model checker tool. The focus is on the modeling and the automatic verification of a protocol contained in the IEEE 1394a standard, the Root Contention protocol. The Root Contention protocol involves both real-time and randomization. As is shown, the study demonstrates the power of the new LPMC capability of handling linear constraints in order to exploit parametric real-time model checking. LPMC generates parameter relations and parameter timing intervals associated with fair TCTL properties.


As the demand and expectation of VR content increases, Various research and support are being carried out to improve the quality of content such as obstacles, fun, and immersion factors that should be considered in development. However, there is still a lack of research to evaluate VR content. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to evaluate user experience of VR contents using questionnaire, The content was selected and the questionnaire process was applied to 25 respondents, and the collected data was analyzed to verify its effectiveness. The proposed evaluation method is expected to contribute to the production of high - quality content by using it as content quality evaluation or data for cross - validation in related research.


Epitaxial silicon films are obtained by low temperature chemical vapor deposition on porous silicon layers (PSL). The PSL are formed on lightly and highly boron doped silicon substrates. In the case of lightly doped substrates, the epitaxial films exhibit a large defect density (10 10 cm -2 ). It is shown that this defect density can be reduced by a 10 2 to 10 3 factor through the use of silicon channeled implantation and subsequent thermal annealing. On the other hand, when the epitaxial growth is performed on PSL formed from highly doped boron substrates, the epitaxial quality of the resulting films is equivalent to the homoepitaxy of silicon on bare silicon


Rabbit antisera were generated against four preparations of teliospores of Tilletia indica the fungus responsible for Karnal bunt in wheat having titre ranging from 1:2500 to 1:10,000. The suitability of four solubilising agents (I–IV) used for extraction of teliospores/spore proteins was assessed, highest protein extractability was observed with solubilising agent I (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate). The maximum immunoreactivity in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was observed with the teliosporic protein(s) extracted using solubilising agent I followed by agent II, IV and III. Further, the results of western blotting with proteins from different fungal pathogens using anti-intact teliospores antibody showed one unique immunoreactive band of 28 kDa with teliosporic protein of T. indica only. The potential diagnostic antibody was generated against the characterised protein (28 kDa) of teliospore wall's antigen of T. indica. The developed diagnostic antibody and solubilising agent I could therefore be employed for development of specific and rapid immunodiagnostic format for detection of Karnal bunt.


Single-MCP Cs2Te solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier couldn't detect weaker ultraviolet radiation, such as the ultraviolet radiation near high-voltage wire insulating column. To increase the ultraviolet radiation gain, the double-MCP, tri-MCP or multi-MCP units are introduced into ultraviolet image intensifiers. In this paper, two pieces of MCP are cascaded in "V" shape as the electron multiplier of ultraviolet image intensifiers. Processed and scrubbed by the single-MCP electron scrubbing traditional technology, the desired effect after electron scrubbing still could not be achieved and flicker phenomenon appeared in field of view. The flicker noise appeared when the image intensifier was working because the second MCP was not efficiently scrubbed. In order to completely scrub the two pieces of MCP simultaneously, eliminate the flicker noise, reduce the dark current and achieve a stable MCP gain, the double-MCP electron scrubbing method should be optimized without changing the assembly process. Combined with MCP pre-treatment and pre-electron-scrubbing before assembled and scrubbed in "V" shape, flicker noise could be eliminated effectively, and dark current could be lowered, which could increase the gain and get a clear field of view. Comparing with two different methods of double-MCP electron scrubbing, either method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Ultraviolet radiation gain can be increased from 103~104 cd·m-2/W·m-2 to 1.0×105 cd·m-2/W·m-2 by using method of pre-treatment and pre-electron-scrubbing. With prospective ultraviolet radiation gain achieved, double-MCP Cs2Te solar blind ultraviolet image intensifier is manufactured.


This article explores the problems that EFL learners may encounter when they perceive content-based learning materials. The main questions include: (A) Will inferior reading skills or improper use of learning strategies affect these problems? (B) What are the characteristics of the specific linguistic of reading comprehension that initiate academic problems? (C) How does the learner's learning strategy cause or initiate problems? The data used in this research are learners' midterm exam scores and the frequency of learning strategies employed by students. Including qualitative data in the form of student statements obtained from unstructured participatory interviews, in a descriptive and qualitative way based on content-based reading skills theory and learning strategies, this article will conduct a comprehensive analysis of these materials. As a result of data analysis, there is a situation in which the problems encountered by English readers in understanding content-based learning materials are initiated by inferior reading ability and improper application of learning strategies. The linguistic features of reading comprehension that initiate this problem are the lack of understanding of grammatical features, the low level of vocabulary acquisition, the lack of awareness of sensory construction, and the problems of discourse comprehension. The problems encountered when dealing with learning strategies are improper use of learning strategies, unclear learning goals and poor learning habits.


Identifi cation with fi ctional character and its situation is a vital part of self-refl ection as it comes out of a comparison being made between self and fi ctional character and, quite importantly, from an earlier and somehow similar experiences that can be transformed into a number of contexts. While conducting a survey based on the use of an on-line questionnaire, we have tried to describe the specifi cs of audiovisual fi ction identifi cation with contemporary Czech young people. The research sample is made up from 2,169 respondents who participated at the data collection within a oneweek period in September 2008. The identifi cation with audiovisual culture characters in the case of present viewers is manifested in different areas of real life.


ABSTRACT:  Domestic cats are well known to play an important role in the transmission of infective stages of Toxoplasma gondii to humans and other warm-blooded animals, and it is therefore logical to assume that individuals who own cats would have a higher prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii than would individuals from a normal age-matched population. However, a review of the literature indicates that cat ownership is of variable importance and that it is not always a significant risk factor. The present study was conducted using a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between infection by T. gondii and cat ownership. The related literature was searched in multiple literature databases, regardless of language. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the risks of infection by T. gondii. In total, 46 of the 1,813 detected articles were included in our analysis. The risk of infection by T. gondii had a significant association with cat contact (P < 0.05) in the general population, as well as with immunocompromised people, people with special occupations, and cat owners, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.413 (1.163–1.717), 1.558 (1.173–2.069), 1.493 (1.088–2.049), and 1.421 (1.174–1.721), respectively. Interestingly, the risk of infection by T. gondii had no significant association with neighborhood cat contact versus no contact (P  =  0.104), with an OR of 1.544 (95% CI: 0.914–2.606), and the proportions of cat ownership in individuals infected and uninfected by T. gondii were not significantly different (P  =  0.389), with an OR of 1.375 (95% CI: 0.666–2.840). These data indicate that cat contact can increase the risk of infection by T. gondii in various populations, including the general population, immune-suppressed/pregnant individuals, those with special occupations, and cat(s) owners. Interestingly, the risk of infection by T. gondii has no significant association with neighborhood cat contact versus no contact, and the analysis of the data extracted from a case-control study shows that there is no significant difference in the rate of cat ownership between those infected by T. gondii and those uninfected. Therefore, while significant, cat contact may not be the most important risk factor for infection by T. gondii in cat owners.


The effect of Carbon isotope substitution on T_c in the intermetallic perovskite superconductor MgCNi_3 is reported. Four independent groups of samples were synthesized and characterized. The average T_c for the Carbon-12 samples was found to be 7.12(2) K and the average T_c for the Carbon-13 samples was found to be 6.82(2) K. The resulting carbon isotope effect coefficient is alfa_C = 0.54(3). This indicates that carbon-based phonons play a critical role in the presence of superconductivity in this compound.


Godlee's editorial on climate change and call to WHO was highly relevant but disappointingly did not mention the urgent threat created by Jean-Claude Juncker, who has downgraded environmental matters in his proposed new EU Commission.1 If this proposal goes …


This paper proposed a novel disc-cone-shaped antenna (NDA) used in a radiating high-power wideband system. The NDA is a kind of wideband biconical antennas and has a number of advantages such as structural simpleness, compactness and efficiency. In the test, when the the NDA was rapidly charged to about 300kV by a Marx generator, it shew an ultra wide-band gain of 0.65. The radiated electric fields had a peak value of 39 kV/m at a distance of 5m and a center frequency of 300MHz. The corresponding peak power of the NDA could reach to 475MW, while the total radiated energy was about 1.12J. It's simulationally and experimentally proved that both the far voltage and working performance were significantly increased.


This article shows the development and research of the functional model of the queueing system based on priorities. The model has been created in the environment of MATLAB Simulink. The queueing systems with the use of various disciplines of expectation and service are shown. On the basis of the conducted researches the assessment of the operating capability of the considered systems has been carried out.


Introduction. Acute mastoiditis is the most common otogenic complication
 among infants and young children and is always considered a serious
 complication. In addition to determining the age at which mastoiditis
 usually occurred in children, the time of onset of clinical signs in
 relation to the onset of symptoms of middle ear inflammation, as well as the
 most common clinical signs of mastoiditis, the study has been aimed at
 finding out whether mastoiditis is of seasonal character. Material and
 Methods. A retrospective study of children surgically treated for
 mastoiditis was conducted at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Disease
 of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad in the period January 1,
 2002 - December 31, 2011. The sample included 56 children (30 boys - 53.57%,
 and 26 girls - 46.42%), up to 17 years of age. The obtained results were
 statistically analyzed and presented using Microfsot EXCEL for statistical
 analysis. Results. Mastoiditis is most common in children up to 2 years of
 age, 39/56 (69.82%). It has a seasonal character, with the peak season in
 the autumn-winter period, with a statistically significant difference
 compared to the spring-summer period (p = 0.0449, i.e. p<0.05). In 25
 children (44.64%), the middle ear symptoms lasted up to three weeks before
 operation. Otomicroscopic findings showed that the tympanic membrane was
 thickened and stiff in 41 children (73.21%) and 9 children (16.07%)
 presented with thickened tympanic membrane and lowering of the posterior
 wall of the external auditory canal. Conclusion. Mastoiditis in children is
 most common among children up to 24 months of age. It has a seasonal
 tendency. In nearly half of the cases, clinical manifestations of
 mastoiditis appear 3 weeks after the onset of the first symptoms of middle
 ear inflammation, whereas the key otomicroscopic finding is stiffness and
 thickening of the tympanic membrane.


The data retention time performance of 256 Mbit DRAM is degraded even in a 250/spl deg/C packaging process. The retention time degradation is strongly dependent on the negative wordline voltage and operation temperature. Trap-assisted gate induced drain leakage is proposed as the mechanism for the retention degradation based on electrical testing and simulation. It is believed that silicon-hydrogen bond breaking and moving at the gate and drain overlap region of an array transistor is the root cause of retention degradation.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become one of the current research areas, and it proves to be a very supportive technology for various applications such as environmental-, military-, health-, home-, and office-based applications. WSN can either be mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) or static wireless sensor network (SWSN). MWSN is a specialized wireless network consisting of consider-able number of mobile sensors, however the instability of its topology introduces several performance issues during data routing. SWSNs consisting of static nodes with static topology also share some of the security challenges of MWSNs due to some constraints associated with the sensor nodes. Security, privacy, computation and energy constraints, and reliability issues are the major challenges facing WSNs, especially during routing. To solve these challenges, WSN routing protocols must ensure confidentiality, integrity, privacy preservation, and reliability in the network. Thus, efficient and energy-aware countermeasures have to be designed to prevent intrusion in the network. In this chapter, we describe different forms of WSNs, challenges, solutions, and a point-to-point multi-hop-based secure solution for effective routing in WSNs.


Chicken satay is one of Indonesian food which is very popular and processed by direct flame over the meat. But, almost every types of food which are prepared by direct flame will produce chemical compounds that contributes to the incidence of cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a group of compound which can cause cancer and is resulted from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or pyrolysis of organic material containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. One PAH compound having mutagenic and highly carcinogenic effect is benzo[a]pyrene which is the highest content found in foods that are burned directly on the flame. This study aims to establish levels of benzo[a]pyrene contained in chicken satay in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and to evaluate how it meets with the maximumbenzo[a]pyrene limit in the burned food based on National Agency of Drug and Food Control which is equal to 5 ppb (5 mg/kg). Analysis were performed by Gas Chromatography method using helium as carrier gas and CPCB-Sil8 as stationary phase. After the sample was prepared and analysed by GC, it is known that the amount of benzo[a]pyrene in chicken satay found in Yogyakarta are ranging from 2.5 to 393.32 ppb. The result are quite high and far above the safety limit determined by National Agency of Drug and Food Control.Therefore, the result of the research needs to be socialized to the public so that people can be more aware about the danger of food they consume. Keywords : chicken satay, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), policyclic aromatic hidrocarbon (PAH), carsinogen, Yogyakarta


This lengthy and ambitious book is predominantly concerned with the explanation and treatment of the DSM personality disorders of Axis II and much less so with the clinical syndromes of Axis I. Although Millon states that his personality-guided synergistic psychotherapy is conducive to shorter and


• Jatropha curcas is a plant of Latin American origin which is now widespread throughout arid and semiarid tropical regions of the world. A member of the Euphorbiaceae family, it is a drought-resistant perennial, living up to 50 years and growing on marginal soils. A close relative to the castor plant, its oil has the same medical properties. Jatropha seeds contain about 35% of non-edible oil. The production of seeds is about 0.8 kg per meter of hedge per year, with an oil yield of 0,17 l [1]. Currently, Mali has about 10.000 km of Jatropha hedges with a growth rate of 2.000 km per year, which represents a potential of 1.700.000 liters of oil per year. The average length of these hedges, in those areas of Mali where they are most prevalent, is between 2 and 15 km per village, with a maximum of up to 40 km per village [2].


Levi Jenkins Coppin (1848-1923), an A. M. E. Bishop, missionary to South Africa, and editor of the A. M. E.'s Church Review, was proud of his library and especially what he called its "Black Boys" section. In his autobiography, he called special attention to a work on this stretch of shelf that hadn't received its due, to his mind, "an old and rare volume" from 1867 with an epic title: The Rise and Progress of the Kingdoms of Light and Darkness (Coppin 263-64). The book, modeled after Paradise Lost and Pilgrim's Progress, retold all of human history as an ancient war between King "Alpha" and "Abadon," God and Satan, a conflict that had erupted anew most recently in the American Civil War and the battle against race prejudice in Reconstruction. Little is known of its author, Lorenzo Dow Blackson, beyond what he himself recorded in the book. Perhaps taking after Frederick Douglass, Blackson first greets readers with an engraved portrait of himself sporting a neat suit and graying goatee, his lips pursed and brow raised as if surprised by the vision he is about to relate. Named after the Methodist preacher, Blackson writes that he was born in Delaware in 1817 to formerly enslaved parents and raised in the Methodist Episcopal church, but was now a member of Peter Spencer's African Union Church after growing disillusioned with racism in the former. He apologizes for his brief schooling, which ended prematurely as a result of discrimination at the hands of white students. Most importantly, Blackson recounts his conversion experience after hearing an itinerant Methodist preacher as a teenager, agonizing enough to rival any Puritan as it heaved him between moments of rapture and spells that left him "heavy and cold," sometimes eager for death. He found peace only when he promised to heed God's command to "go out and warn sinners" (Blackson 7-9). Light and Darkness is his attempt to do so, a Herculean effort to accomplish for Reconstruction America what Milton and Bunyan had done in Restoration England. "I also was once a rebel against King Alpha, and in the vile service of Abadon," Blackson writes. After being wounded by a "Gospel bow," though, he enlists in the Army of Light and records its history until its most recent battles in America. Rather than regurgitating Bunyan, the book offers a visionary mix of universal history, doctrinaire Protestantism, and postbellum black social critique. As a proud member of "the Protestant Corps," Alpha's true army and the mortal enemy of the "Roman Division," Blackson relates its five "grand divisions" stationed in Asia, Africa, Europe, America, and "Oceanica . . . all the islands of the sea." If he is antiCatholic, Blackson also protests the racism within his own Corps. "Even in the Army of Light, the place where it should never be found," he writes, generals and cadets alike draw "a line of demarkation between their colored and white fellow soldiers" (159). Blackson combats this prejudice with a blend of Ethiopianist and Christian arguments, declaring that Africans were the "first most powerful and enlightened people on earth," but later fell from this glory into "great darkness and ignorance" because they rejected King Alpha, "a warning to other divisions, lest they too should . . . fall into the same or a worse position" (128). In fact, the most recent battle in Alpha and Abadon's ancient struggle, the American Civil War, was the


Abstract Beginning in 1964, the PRC party-state orchestrated the resettlement of thousands of young people from cities to erosion-prone areas in China's Loess Plateau to form "water and soil conservation teams" (shuitu baochi zhuanyedui). Although their ostensible mission was to limit erosion by building terraces and planting trees, documents related to conservation teams emphasized their capacity to thoroughly reform urban youth while mobilizing them to do the work of remaking the environment. Provincial and county archives, along with fieldwork conducted at the site of one water and soil conservation team in Shaanxi province's Baishui county, indicate that conservation teams did not realize either of these objectives. Due to urban youth's inexperience with agriculture and conservation, they did little to promote environmental management. At the same time, unruly teenagers who migrated to the countryside to join conservation teams, as well as the cadres who oversaw them, continued to engage in transgressive behavior.


To mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural ecosystems, development of agricultural management for enhanced soil carbon sequestration is required. In this study, the effects of fertilizer types (chemical fertilizer and manure compost), cropping systems, and crop residue management on SOC(Soil Organic Carbon) sequestration were investigated. Summer corn and winter barley were cultivated on experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions for two years Research Paper Corresponding Author: Kwangsik Yoon, Department of Rural & Bio-systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea Tel: 82-62-530-2158 Fax: 82-62-530-2159 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received : 26 September, 2014. Revised : 31 December, 2014. Accepted : 31 December, 2014. 환경영향평가 Vol. 24, No. 1(2015) pp.1~15 J. Environ. Impact Assess. 24(1): 1~15(2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.14249/eia.2015.24.1.1 ISSN 1225-7184


Image deformations under simple geometric restrictions are crucial for Handwriting Text Recognition (HTR), since different writing styles can be viewed as simple geometrical deformations of the same textual elements. In this respect, the usefulness of including deformation invariance to an HTR system is indisputable. We explore different existing strategies for ensuring deformation invariance, including spatial transformers and deformable convolutions, under the context of text recognition, as well as introduce a new deformation-based algorithm, inspired by adversarial learning, which aims to reduce character output uncertainty during evaluation time. The resulting HTR system is shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on the IAM and RIMES datasets.


: Introduction: Health anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders among medical students which can affect their activities in professional and educational fields. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to study the effects of cognitive therapy training in groups on health anxiety among nursing students. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 30 nursing students with health anxiety score more than average. The students were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. After the short form health anxiety questionnaire was filled in by participants, cognitive therapy was taught to the experimental group in twelve ninety- minute sessions. Then both experimental and control groups filled in the health anxiety questionnaire again. Data were analyzed using co-variance test (Ancova). Results: The findings of this research showed that cognitive therapy training in groups in the significance level of P  0.05 reduced the rate of health anxiety among nursing students (P  0.017). Conclusion: The cognitive therapy training in groups has an important role in reducing health anxiety rate among nursing students. So the results of this research can be used in designing interventions such as deployment of educational programs for


Shortly after their coup began on 17 July 1936, Spain's military insurgents faced a near fatal setback. Unable to secure the maritime transportation to ferry Francisco Franco's Army of Africa to Spain, the rebels immediately sought outside assistance. Using his contacts with Nazi businessmen in Spanish Morocco, Franco managed to gain direct access to Adolf Hitler while he was in Bayreuth attending the annual Richard Wagner festival. Against the advice of his more circumspect Foreign Ministry officials, Hitler responded to the General's urgent plea for help by sending assorted matériel and some twenty Junkers Ju 52 transport planes, twice the number requested. Infused with the Wagnerian spirit, Hitler dubbed this eleventh-hour airlift "Operation Magic Fire." In the coming months, Germany expanded its relationship with the Nationalists, providing them with the armaments, manpower (the famed "Condor Legion"), and finances to undertake their two-and-a-half-year struggle against Republican Spain. Most historians of Spain's Civil War have concluded that Hitler's snap decision to intervene reflected his deep-seated fear that failure to aid right-wing forces in Spain would risk allowing communist revolution to spread to France and elsewhere in Europe. Scholars have, however, also explained Hitler's ongoing commitment to the Nationalist cause in terms of the military and economic advantages to be gained. The Führer and his advisors came to see the fighting in Spain as a living laboratory for testing Germany's latest weapons, including its "eighty-eight" anti-aircraft gun and cutting edge planes like the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter and Junkers Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bomber, which later facilitated the Wehrmacht's successful blitzkrieg tactics during the Second World War. Hitler also coveted Spain's wealth of iron ores and other raw materials needed for German industry and his emergent rearmament program. The Nazis therefore quickly made financial arrangements with the Nationalists. To conceal their direct military involvement, in late July the Germans set up a civilian company, Sociedad Hispano-Marroquí de Transportes (HISMA), as a conduit for shipping Spain's mineral resources to the Third Reich. To integrate its activities into Germany's increasingly autarkic economic system, HISMA later worked with a government controlled corporation called Rohstoffe-und-Waren-Einkaufsgesellschaft. By investing in the Nationalist cause, the Germans hoped to attain a dominant economic position in Spain that would continue to benefit them after the war. Challenging main features of the consensus view summarized above, the historian Pierpaolo Barbieri contends in Hitler's Shadow Empire that it was Hitler's long-range economic ambitions rather than his preoccupation with the growing menace of Bolshevism or geopolitical objectives that motivated him to enter the Spanish arena at a tense time in European politics. According to Barbieri, Spanish-German relations were meant to form a part of a broader pattern of informal imperialism at the core of Nazi foreign policy in the mid-1930s. In particular, the Nazi regime's "economic dictator,"


Transporting crude oil inside a pipeline is a common process in the petroleum industry. Crude oil from different sources has different properties due to terrains and climates which cause the transport profile to change during operations. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics model was developed using computer language code. The governing equations were employed to study the effect of crude oil properties such as crude oil density and viscosity on the transport profile using the 24 factorial experimental design. A good agreement between the developed numerical model and commercial software suggests that the proposed numerical scheme is suitable for simulating the transport profile of crude oil in a pipeline and predicting the phenomena affecting conditions. The result showed that the heat capacity and density of crude oil had statistical significance to the transport profile at 95% confidence level. The heat capacity had the most significant effect on wax appearance. Therefore, the physical properties of crude oil should be modified to prevent the occurrence of wax inside the crude oil pipeline.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle "UAV" networks are rapidly evolving towards real world effective applications. Major research arenas are being motivated by industry activities in this domain, which demand for rapid exploitation of tremendous advantages of UAV networks. Routing is one of the most important functionalities in such networks. Based on channel characteristics, several factors play important roles in defining the best route for each node with its neighbors, which shall be set dynamically in real time. In this paper, we propose a computation of the required cost function for building the routing table; this cost function is strongly related to the transmission quality factor of the channel. We show the simplicity of our proposed method compared to Bit Error Rate "BER" calculation, together with an evaluation and assessment using simulation. 


Abstract Purpose: The aims are to assess the clinical and demographic features of bullous pemphigoid in a pregnant women (Pemphigoid Gestationis) that has been complicated by Cushing syndrome after treatment, and compare it to the available literature. Materials and Methods: Case study and literature review in the Hospital of Skin and Venereal diseases named after V.A. Rakhmanov; We assessed a case of pemphigoid in a pregnant woman which was complicated by the appearance of Cushing syndrome due to the administration of steroids. A follow-up was performed. Results: Generally, steroid complications arise as a result of increasing steroid dose, but on the other hand treating a condition like bullous pemphigoid without using steroids can cause relapse or have poor prognosis. Conclusions: Bullous pemphigoid in pregnancy requires careful attention. In addition, considering the complications due to steroid treatment is vital to aid in the prognosis.


It is shown that at frequencies ??1/?, where ? is the lifetime of the carriers, the noise in double-injection space-charge- limited solid-state diodes corresponds approximately to thermal noise of the h.f. conductance g=I?/ V?.


The author upholds the idea of the feudalisation of the kingdom of Leon being before its time, particularly if we compare it with the feudalisation of the county of Barcelona. But this feudal reality does not prevent us from recognising at the same time the continuation and development of another reality: the concept of royal power which the Visigothic legislation had inherited from Rome. This concept survived in a latent state through the 10 th century and began to be revived at the beginning of the 11 th century with the decreta of 1017 issued by Alfonso V.


An investigation of Morchella resources in Linyi is reported in this paper,with a brief description of biological characters as well as medical values of three species, M. crassipes,M. esculenta,M. conica.


An important cognitive function is the ability to remember to execute future tasks, a capability known as prospective memory (PM). Workers in complex sociotechnical systems such as healthcare and aviation face many PM challenges and forgetting tasks can have severe consequences. Although researchers have made progress in understanding how individuals remember future tasks, system-level support for PM has seldom been addressed. In the present paper, we briefly review PM research in healthcare and aviation, focusing on naturalistic studies using expert workers, and we present the concept of distributed prospective memory, which incorporates the interaction between the environment and the individual when future tasks must be remembered. PM in sociotechnical settings is a complex process involving human and nonhuman agents. Therefore, a systems approach is needed to fully understand PM processes, thus supporting workers and eventually minimizing errors and increasing safety.


TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION! Cop., 1 year,. —I? #0 •• fl month*, 1 60 •• 2 month*,.. 1 00 Any per*on getting up a club often Bubscribers, wlfl I be entitled to a copy free while the paper l* aent to the e:ub. No paper diicontlnued, unlesB at Ahe option of the publishers, until all arrearages are paid. Of anonymous communications no notice will betaken. Whatever la Intended for Insertion must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publcation, but as a guaiantee of good faith. Allcommnnlcatlon8,eltherfrem correspondent* or on uslness, should be addressed to CouMONWEALTlI, Hsrrlsonburg, Virginia.


The effects of fuel Lewis number on the minimum ignition energy (MIE) requirements for ensuring successful thermal runaway, and self-sustained flame propagation have been analysed for forced ignition of homogeneous fuel–air mixtures under decaying turbulence for a wide range of initial turbulence intensities using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The minimum energy demand for ensuring self-sustained flame propagation has been found to be greater than that for ensuring only thermal runaway irrespective of its outcome for large turbulence intensities, and the minimum ignition energy increases with increasing rms turbulent velocity irrespective of the fuel Lewis number. The MIE values have been found to increase more sharply with increasing turbulence intensity beyond a critical value for all fuel Lewis numbers considered here. The variations of the normalised MIE (MIE normalised by its laminar value) with increasing turbulence intensity beyond the critical point follow a power-law and the power-law exponent has been found to increase with an increase in fuel Lewis number. This behaviour has been explained using a scaling analysis. The stochasticity associated with forced ignition has been demonstrated by using different realisations of statistically similar turbulent flow fields for the energy inputs corresponding to the MIE and successful outcomes are obtained in most instances, justifying the evaluation of the MIE values in this analysis.


This paper exactly formulates the th-order fixation probabilities on complete star digraphs (CSDs), which extend the results from Broom and Rychtař (2008). By applying these probability formulae, some asymptotic properties on CBDs are analyzed, and certain CSDs are determined to be amplifiers of selection for arbitrary relative fitness larger than 1, while all the CSDs are proved to be amplifiers of selection for fixed relative fitness slightly larger than 1. A numerical method for fixed population structure (by solving a linear system) is developed to calculate the fixation probabilities on complete bipartite digraphs (CBDs), and some conjectures are finally given through simulations.


Evidence suggests that prenatal cocaine exposure in both rats (Dow-Edwards et al., 1990; Spear and Heyser, 1992) and humans (Needlman et al., 1993) may affect the subsequent development of central dopaminergic systems in offspring. Decreased cerebral spinal fluid levels of the dopamine (DA) metabolite, homovanillic acid (I-IVA), has been observed in cocaine-exposed newborns relative to unexposed controls (Needlman et al., 1993). Recently, electrophysiological studies conducted in the rat by Minabe et al. (1992) demonstrated that prenatal cocaine exposure (40 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous injections from gestational day eight to day twenty) resulted in a decreased number of spontaneously active midbrain DA-containing neurons in adult offspring. The present study examined the effects of perinatal exposure to cocaine, which was continually administered to the pregnant dam for sixteen days (50 mgkgl day by subcutaneous ALZET minipump) beginning on gestational day eight. The electrophysiological activity of midbrain dopamine neurons was examined in twoweek-old offspring following perinatal cocaine exposure. The physiological and pharmacological properties of two-week-old mesencephalic DA neurons differ significantly from those of adults (Pitts et al., 1990; Wang and Pitts, in press. This postnatal age also represents a time period during which normal developmentally regulated cell death is still occurring in the substantia nigra pars compacta (Janec and Burke, 1993). Therefore, the two-week-old mesencephalic DA neurons appear to be in a state of flux during normal postnatal development. Eight timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (Hilltop, Scottdale, PA) were housed in standard animal facilities three days prior to surgical implantation of ALZET minipumps (Alza Co., Palo Alto, CA). ALZET minipumps (model 2ML2; primed in saline for 24 hours at 37°C) containing either cocaine or the vehicle, deionized water, were implanted subcutaneously between the scapulae of pregnant dams under halothane anesthesia


Now electromagnetic nondestructive testing methods have been applied to many fields of engineering. But traditional electromagnetic methods (usually based on least square and local iteration) just roughly give the information of location, scale, and quality. In this paper we consider inverse electromagnetic problem which is concerned with the estimation of electric conductivity of Maxwell's equations (2D and 3D). A perturbation homotopy method combined with damping Gauss-Newton methods is applied to the inverse electromagnetic problem. This method differs from traditional homotopy method. The structure of homotopy function is similar to Tikhonov functional. Sets of solutions are produced by perturbation for every homotopy parameter , . At each iterative step of the algorithm, we add stochastic perturbation to numerical solutions. The previous solution and perturbation solution are regarded as the initial value in the next iteration. Although the number of solution in set increased, it increased the likelihood of obtaining correct solution. Results exhibits clear advantages over damping Gauss-Newton method and testify that it is an available method, especially on aspects of wide convergence and precision.


Cleaning validation is a major challenge in multi-product pharmaceutical industries. UV spectrophotometric and HPLC methods have been developed and validated for determination of residual amount of Loratadine. Both methods were validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The limit of quantification was 1 mg L−1 by UV spectrophotometric method and 0.5 mg L−1 by HPLC method. A spike recovery study was done on a stainless steel (316 grade) plate and specific residual cleaning level (SRCL) was down to 6 μg 25.8 cm−2. Recovery was found to be more than 70%. Both methods were simple, highly sensitive, precise, and accurate, and have potential of being useful for routine quality control.


As pressure on our limited land base continues to increase managers of public lands must have more accurate information within a shorter time to make logical defensible decisions which are acceptable to the public. Remote sensing technology provides many tools required to gather much of the information used by decision makers. Some of the most important remote sensing tools are based on laser and electro-optical technology. This paper provides an overview of some applications of laser and electro-optical devices by managers of natural resources. It is important for workers in other fields to be aware of the problems and needs of resource managers as it is important for resource managers to be knowledgeable about developments in technical areas. Sharing information will promote opportunities to develop new tools and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of management. Personal knowledge and literature searches provide examples. While the variety of uses in somewhat limited their importance is increasing as managers and analysts become more accustomed to using products of this technology. Lasers and electro-optical instruments will continue to be a very important part of our data collection process. 2. 0


Following a broader overview of the status of microwave CAD during EuMC '95, this paper now focusses on the progress and trends of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation software as it is widely used today in the industry for MMIC design. The addition of new features, performance enhancements and improved functionality having emerged over the last 3 - 4 years is outlined. Also, still existing shortcomings, trade-offs and sources of numerical error are addressed. The use of such design-oriented EM software and associated linking methodologies in the context of microwave and mm-wave CAD is discussed.


The direction sensitive 3D borehole radar system provides a three dimensional capture of complex subsurface structures. By default, ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys out of boreholes are undirected and therefore require additional information for spatial interpretation. In contrast, with the 3D borehole radar a reliable spatial model can be gained from a single drill hole. The DMT GmbH & Co. KG (DMT) has developed two radar systems for different tasks. Since 2002 over 60 vertical deep drillings have been investigated. The engineering radar system is suitable for any engineering applications in horizontal, vertical or inclined boreholes. The operation in low conductive, non-magnetic media is essential for the success of a radar measurement. A high penetration depth of several hundreds of meters up to kilometers can be reached in dry rock salt. Under good conditions also limestone, crystalline solid rocks and dry sands are suitable for investigations with the method. This measuring system is successfully implemented for geological surveys, for the preliminary reconnaissance of tunnels and mine buildings, the investigation of underground buildings and the detection of voids in karst areas. The directional borehole radar system itself will be introduced. Applications of the method in rock salt and in limestone are shown.


The overwhelming concensus of Fourth Amendment scholars is that the Supreme Court's sea and seizure cases are a mess. This article proposes that the confusion arises from the manner in which the cases were studied, not from the decisions themselves. A legal model with variables that me the prior justification of the search, the nature of the intrusion, and a few mitigating circumstance used to explain the Court's decisions on the reasonableness of a given search or seizure. The parameters are estimated through probit. The results show that the search and seizure cases are much more ordered than had commonly been believed. Virtually all of the estimates are as expected. Additionally, the Court is shown to act favorably toward the federal government than toward the states. Preliminary analysis suggests the model has predictive as well as explanatory value.


AIMS
To explore the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in periodontitis and diabetes and its mechanism in alveolar bone homeostasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In vivo, normal and Crp knockout rats were randomly divided into: control, diabetes, periodontitis, and diabetes and periodontitis (DP) groups respectively. The diabetes model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The periodontitis model was established by ligature combined with lipopolysaccharide injection. Alveolar bones were analyzed using microCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide and high glucose. CRP knockdown lentivirus or CRP overexpression adenovirus combined with a PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitor or agonist were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of CRP in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis of hPDLCs, as evidenced by ALP staining, WB and qPCR.

RESULTS
In periodontitis and diabetes, CRP knockout decreased the alveolar bone loss and the expression levels of osteoclastogenic markers, while increasing the expression levels of osteogenic markers. CRP constrained osteogenesis while promoting the osteoclastogenesis of hPDLCs via PI3K/AKT signaling under high glucose and pro-inflammatory conditions.

CONCLUSIONS
CRP inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis via PI3K/AKT signaling under diabetic and pro-inflammatory conditions, thus perturbing alveolar bone homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This article considers the rights of surrogate born children to access information about their origins. Proposals for reform in the UK and Ireland are discussed, and it is argued that there needs to be a greater consideration of children's rights law in this context. In particular, it is observed that restricting children's access to identifying information until they are 18 years old must be reconsidered. There is a myriad of reasons for this, not least obligations under international human rights law, as well as evidence from research which demonstrates that children should be informed about their origins and birth story at a young age. The introduction of a minimum age limit under the age of 18 years, to access identifying information, as is evident in some jurisdictions, is considered. Children's access to information in the context of international surrogacy arrangements is also discussed. It is concluded that legislators should seek to take a children's rights approach, and facilitate children in accessing information about their origins during their childhood.


We have closely measured the layer thicknesses of three different series of liquid crystals by X-ray diffraction. The layer thickness in the three series of compounds was found to be correlated with the degree of stabilizing ability for the antiferroelectric structure, though the molecular structures are almost the same. The compounds with the antiferroelectric SmCA* phase were of somewhat lesser layer thickness than that which the stable SmC* phase would be expected to have. This fact supports a previously proposed idea that the molecular dimerization in adjacent layers is important as the origin for the appearance of the SmCA* phase.


Nowadays, we can see a quick increment in population, has prompted the inappropriate trash framework on the planet, for the most part, we can find in urban areas bringing about expanded microorganisms and spreading of illnesses. The Garbage Collecting Vehicle gathers squander once every week. In this way, the issue is the flooding of wastage on the streets. Subsequently, to beat this constraint, in this paper, a scheme is created for gathering the trash. This framework gathers the sensor information and passes it to the cloud server utilizing a gateway. An effective framework with minimal effort and low power utilization can be accomplished by utilizing Node MCU as a gateway. In this framework, Arduino UNO is utilized. An ultrasonic sensor is utilized to watch the waste level inside the canister and the other ultrasonic is utilized for recognizing the movement of whether anyone is moving toward the container to dump the waste. Basic Shield is used for simulating input and output devices.


Median Nerve (MN) is one of the important nerves in the upper limb that originate from the brachial plexus; it travels down through the arm and the forearm until it reach the wrist, where it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum into the carpal tunnel, closer to the transverse carpal ligament than the flexor tendons. Median nerve divides into its terminal motor and sensory branches just above the carpal tunnel. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common nerve entrapment syndromes encountered clinically. It affects about 1% of the general population, and mostly seen in persons whose work requires repetitive wrist motion [1]. The carpal tunnel is a narrow unyielding space, therefore; any increase in the compartment pressure can contribute in pathogenesis of CTS [2]. Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel leads to its enlargement which could be expressed as increased Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) [3]. Many studies reported that the increase in the CSA of the median nerve is a significant criterion in the diagnosis of CTS [4-6]. Ultrasonography is generally considered as a convenient non-invasive diagnostic tool having wide availability, rapid performance, and cost effectiveness as compared to other imaging tools used in CTS [7]. Ultrasonography in musculoskeletal system is a growing field used for diagnosis of many musculoskeletal disorders, CTS could be one of these disorders, in which median nerve enlargement at or just proximal to the carpal tunnel was described as characteristic sonographic finding [8,9]. Normally, the median nerve dimensions may be slightly larger at the most distal region, but does not vary greatly throughout its entire length. There is no consensus on the cutoff value that differentiating the normal from neuropathic nerves, most studies conclude a cutoff value ranging from 9mm2 to 12mm2 [10,11].


A cladistic analysis of the tropical mimosoid genus Parkia was undertaken toexamine relationships among the 31 species and to test the monophyly of the three recognized sections. The implications of the cladogram to the evolution of batpollination and biogeography were also explored. The analysis, based on 52 morphological characters, resulted in 408 most parsimonious trees. A consensus tree supports the monophyly of sections Parkia and Platyparkia, but section Sphaeroparkia is paraphyletic. The latter section is distinguished by a capitulum of all fertile flowers, a plesiomorphic attribute in this analysis. Characters upporting the monophyly of section Platyparkia include an inflorescence with distal nectar flowers having exserted styles, and fruits with seeds in two rows. Section Parkia is characterized by having sterile basal flowers with nectar flowers just above them, and calyx lobes included in bud. Bat-pollination was mapped onto one of the most parsimonious cladograms to examine the evolution of pollination syndromes within the genus. Our phylogeny isconsistent with a single origin of bat-pollination a d indicates that entomophilous species of Parkia are basal rather than secondarily derived. Sections Platyparkia nd Parkia are separate lineages within the bat-pollinated clade and have independently developed capitulum types adapted to chiropterophily. Characters that are associated with chiropterophily include specialized nectar-producing flowers and basifixed anthers. Several characters, including presence of a staminodial fringe, a nectar ing, and pollen with verrucate sculpturing on the exine, probably represent increasing specialization for bat-pollination. The cladogram supports a South American origin for Parkia but is not consistent with a Gondwanan vicariance vent as is usually hypothesized to explain its amphi-Atlantic distribution.


The three authors examine several topics related to women in Greek and Roman historical romans. Woman as a mother; woman as a silent or unsilent wife; woman as a lover; woman as a virgin devoted to a goddess; woman as a magician or a witch. All the faces and roles of women are carefully examined from a psycoanalytic outlook; topics from ancient drama and ancient epic poetry to be found al1 over the text of historical romans.


To inquire to the pattern of the military hospitals in Shanghai, it is expounded in this article that investigating how to improve the regional medical serve cooperation of the military hospitals positively and orderly in order to raise the competition of the military hospitals and establish the new military medical system and style.


Objective To investigate the endometriosis diagnosis value and its correlation analysis of the role of prognosis by MDM2, PETN and P53. Methods Sixty endometriosis patients were randomly selected as the experimental group, 60 cases normal women by outpatient medical were randomly selected as the control group, the MDM2, PETN and P53 positive rate of two groups detected by immunohistochemical SP and fluorescence in situ hybridization were compared. Results The MDM2, PETN and P53 positive rate of the experimental group using immunohistochemical SP were higher than that of the control group(P0.05). Sperman rank correlation analysis showed that the onset of endometrial booth and MDM2, PETN and positive rate of P53 had a significant positive correlation(r=0.096, 0.038, 0.162).Conclusion MDM2, PETN and P53 plays an important rolein endometriosis development, the detection of MDM2,PETN and P53 in tissue samples found in the patient's recovery have an important clinical value.


**** Nader Tanideh, DVM, MPH, PhD Abstract Background: Prevention of arthrofibrosis by different drugs and surgical techniques is an essential issue in modern orthopaedics. This study investigated the effect of bevacizumab on intra-articular fibrosis in a rabbit animal model. Methods: Arthrofibrosis was induced in right stifle joint of thirty male white rabbits by removing the cortical bone of femoral condyle in medial gutter under general anesthesia. The rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups. The control group received intra-articular injection of saline; the "one-injection" group received a single dose of bevacizumab (2.5 mg/kg), and the" two-injection" group received two intra-articular injections on the day of operation and 14 days later. Forty five days after the surgery, the animals were sacrificed. The severity of fibrosis was assessed by range of motion of the stifles, macroscopic adhesion score, and histopathologic variables. Results: Although no statistical difference was seen between the control group and the "one-injection" group in terms of range of motion and macroscopic evaluation, the histopathologic variables in prevention of arthrofibrosis, except for the granulation tissue, were significantly better in the "one-injection" group. The "two-injection" group in comparison to the "one-injection" group was better not only in range of motion evaluation (p=.001) and visual adhesion score (p=.012), but also in most of the histopathologic variables, except for the cell count and granulation tissue. Conclusions: Two injections of bevacizumab for prevention of arthrofibrosis resulted in better outcome than single injection.


Please provide 1 or more paragraphs on the material you plan to cover in the presentation, highlighting the specific insights the audience will gain from attending this presentation. This information will be used to select the presentations for each segment. Please note that your submission should consist of original material that adds value to the field as a whole. It should not focus on a particular offering of a specific company or organization outside of the context of a case study or a methodo logical construct that is generally applicable and useful to all participants.


Imbalanced data classification is one of the hot topics in data mining and machine learning in recent years. In practice, Imbalanced data classification is very common, such as cancer detection, spam discrimination, credit card fraud detection, etc. Because of the large difference in the number of categories and Imbalanced distribution, traditional classification algorithms have poor classification effect on minority classes, and correct identification of minority classes often brings greater value. Therefore, how to effectively identify minority classes in Imbalanced data is of great importance. Practical significance. Aiming at the problems that the Bagging-based Imbalanced data classification method cannot guarantee the validity and existence of classification boundaries by adding redundant noise information and sampling, an ensemble learning GABagging method based on sample combination optimization is proposed. Firstly, the sample combination optimization algorithm uses genetic algorithm to select a subset from most classes and construct a new data set with a few classes. Subsequently, several sample combinatorial optimization algorithms are used to train and integrate several classifiers. The experimental results show that GABagging can improve the correct recognition ability of minority classes on 19 Imbalanced datasets compared with other similar methods such as TPR and AUC, without excessive loss of recognition ability of majority classes. It is proved that GABagging can compensate for the shortcomings of related Bagging-based methods such as easy loss, increasing samples and not guaranteeing the validity and existence of classification boundaries after sampling.


Calamophis jobiensis Meyer disappeared into the synonymy of Brachyorrhos albus in1893. Although the holotype of jobiensis was destroyed in World War II, six museum specimens similar to jobiensis were subsequently found in three museum collections. Morphological analysis suggests that Calamophis is a valid genus distinct from Brachyorrhos and the six museum specimens, none of which are conspecifi c with jobiensis, represent three undescribed species. Calamophis appears to be endemic to Yapen Island in the Bird's Head region of West Papua, Indonesia. Based upon their body form, two of the species with cylindrical bodies and stout tails appear to be cryptozoic/fossorial/ aquatic species. The third species has a remarkable lateral compression of the body, an exceptionally abbreviated tail and narrow ventrals that suggest it is an aquatic form, possibly evolved from a fossorial ancestor.


The wastewater treatment plant that operates abnormally may lead to poor effluent quality, resulting in the destruction of the environment, and even more serious situation. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and isolate faults in the wastewater treatment plants. This paper proposed a method of fault detection and isolation using interval model. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network is utilized to model the wastewater treatment plant, and the linear output weights of the neural network are estimated by the set membership identification algorithm. After that, the confidence interval of the predicted effluent variables can be obtained, and then the interval boundary is used as the threshold for fault detection. After detecting the fault, based on this interval model and the Bayesian reasoning, the posterior probability of the considered faults can be calculated. When the probability in exceed of a certain threshold, the fault can be successfully isolated. The final experimental results verified the method.


Analyzing the connotation of teachers' information literacy,based on the characteristics of the college geography subject,this paper points out the importance of using information technology to improve teachers' information literacy,and on this basis it puts forward the effective ways to improve teachers' information literacy.


Some principles of selection of materials,design of thermal protection coating and the problems to be taken into consideration during the coating design are briefly discussed,and some basic studies over the principle of computing method of the heat-conductivity with the system parameter identification method for unstable state and variable density of mixed organic/inorganic thermal protection coatings(TPC) materials are preliminarily discussed.The properties and their thermal protection results of some(TPC) materials have been presented.


We evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults surviving childhood leukemia. During the years 2007 to 2008, assessment of MS was proposed to all adults included in the Leuce´mie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent program, a French prospective multicentric cohort of leukemia survivors. Among 220 eligible patients, 184 (83.6%) had complete evaluation. Median age at evaluation and follow-up duration were 21.2 and 15.4 years. Overall prevalence of MS was 9.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.5-14.4). There was no association of MS with sex, age at diagnosis, leukemia subtype, steroid therapy, and central nervous system irradiation. Patients were stratified according to 4 therapeutic modalities: chemotherapy alone (n (cid:1) 97), chemotherapy and central nervous system irradiation (n (cid:1) 27), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without (n (cid:1) 17) or with (n (cid:1) 43) total body irradiation (TBI). MS occurred in 5.2%, 11.1%, 5.9%, and 18.6% of them, respectively. The higher risk observed in the HSCT-TBI group was significant in univariate and in multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] (cid:1) 3.9, P (cid:1) .03). HSCTwithTBIwasassociatedwithahigher rate of hypertriglyceridemia (OR (cid:1) 4.5, P (cid:1) .004),lowlevelofhigh-densitylipopro-tein cholesterol (OR (cid:1) 2.5, P (cid:1) .02), and elevated fasting glucose (OR (cid:1) 6.1, P (cid:1) .04) So, TBI is a major risk factor for MS. Further studies are warranted to explain this feature. ( Blood . 2011;117(17): 4442-4448)


Modernization of people is one of important research topic of meeting the challenge of knowledge economy times in the 21st century.Without the modernization of people,the modernization of our course will not be realized.Education plays a directive role on the modernization of people.It is very important to enhance management on the modernization of people.


Alcoholism runs in my mother's side of the family. My mother's dad, Tom, was a doctor
and a loving father, husband, and grandpa. However, he struggled with addiction and his crux
was alcohol. The liquid turned him from a gentle, loving man into sometimes an out of touch
father, who would later abandon his family.


Meeting Diagnostic Before we blast off, it's probably best to do a quick diagnostic so you don't waste your time reading this article or prematurely skip over it. No skipping yet. You all have different experiences chairing and attending meetings of every size, shape, texture, density, girth, and hue. Please answer the following five questions about MOST of the meetings you have attended: 1. Do they begin and end on time? YES NO 2. Are they very to extremely productive? YES NO 3. Do they engage most of the persons present? YES NO 4. Do they complete all agenda items? YES NO 5. Are they efficiently run by the chair? YES NO If you answered "NO" to two or more of those questions, you might want to stay on board and consider the ingredients in a "MAKEOVER." If you answered "YES" to all of them, it's safe to bail, pass Go, and checkout the other articles in this issue. What's the Problem with Meetings? Meetings have a bad reputation with faculty. Rarely do you hear a positive word uttered about an upcoming or past meeting. That reputation has metastasized throughout higher education. The primary reason is because meetings can be major time wasters, accomplishing very little, often deteriorating into just another social event, or they may be the omen for bad news announcements, such as more budget cuts, lay-offs, and furloughs. If you're a social butterfly or other insect, you may look forward to meetings; otherwise, you might endure them as one of the vast numbers of clock-watchers, tweeters, texters, day-dreamers, movie-watchers on your iPhone or iPad, chart-completers, grocery-listers, grant-writers, articlewriters or readers, or paper-graders. On more than one occasion, I've contemplated that I would prefer to drink paint (semi-gloss) than sit through another meeting. This reputation and the negative images associated with meetings are well-earned. (SIDEBAR: Could this abysmal experience be similar to what students have to endure in some of your colleagues' classes? I hope not.) Why does this happen everywhere? Several CATscan studies of meeting participants typically indicate high levels of brain activity at the start of meetings. After five minutes, brain activity and heart rates decelerate rapidly. What happens? Why are the meetings so boring with frequently so little being accomplished as attendees drift toward ComaLand? It's almost as though there was a DNR sign on the meeting room door. My preliminary diagnosis is: PUTRID LEADERSHIP!! It's the leader or chair who is totally responsible. Although our colleagues who try to conduct meetings are usually well-meaning professionals from law-abiding families with pit bulls surrounded by barbed wire fences, most of them can't run a meeting properly. This behavior is usually not intentional. Failure is not premeditated; chairs do not plan to sabotage their own meetings. The problem is that most administrators, faculty, and clinicians are simply not trained in meeting management. Where do you find "meeting management" taught in any academic curriculum? Meeting management is a business skill, not an academic one. A rather pervasive attitude is: "After all, how difficult could it be to conduct a meeting? Everybody does it." Chairs don't even give it a second thought, much less a first one. You're probably thinking: "It's as easy as nailing a triple axel or quad (if you're a guy) in the Olympic Figure Skating finals." You follow the Nike® slogan: "Just do it!" (PERSONAL SIDEBAR: About a decade ago, I had the privilege of attending a presentation by Stephen Covey [the "7 Habits" guy]. He was invited to Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions to address administration issues for the hospital and university staff, including medical faculty, administrators, and staff. One topic covered was how to conduct meetings. As he described the key elements in managing a meeting, there was a lot of rustling in the audience, especially a high incidence of elbow-in-the-ribs jabbing. …


The author presents a framework for thinking about the impact of information and information technology on marketing. The focus is on the concept of "information" or "knowledge" as both an asset to be managed and a variable to be researched. After developing a particular operationalization of the value of information in marketing contexts, which can be used to describe firms in terms of their relative levels of "information intensity," the author presents a series of propositions examining the consequences of increasing information intensity for some key components of firm strategy and organizational structure. The concepts discussed are illustrated with a description of the transaction-based information systems that are being implemented in a variety of firms in pursuit of competitive advantage.