The up-to-date market dynamics make effective production simulation pose greate challenges to the TFT-LCD industry. However, existing approaches to production simulation for TFT-LCD fabs have certain limitations resulting from restrictive implementation of material handling processes, even though dynamic material handling flow occasionally causes a bottleneck of production. To build an effective production simulation model, dynamic material handling flows should be incorporated into the simulation model. This paper proposes a material handling request-driven production simulation model for a TFT-LCD fab that implements dynamic material handling behavior. The simulation model conforms to a discrete event simulation framework and it is driven by material handling request events thrown by processing equipments. In this paper, a reference model for the material handling behavior and an event graph-based behavior model, that emulates push and pull flows of parts simultaneously, are also presented.


The pandemic crisis has hit the tourism industry hardest, but it turns out that the tourism sector has many years of experience in adaptation and response. The tourism sector has shown the way to find solutions that will attract tourists to the tourism industry, increase market share, increase profits.As a result of the analysis of Georgia's tourism potential, it is possible to make a forecast for the recovery of the tourism sector, in particular. After the crisis caused by the pandemic, the tourism sector is gradually recovering. By 2024, certain results will be fully achieved. At present, a very small part of it is mastered, which gives us the opportunity to reduce the impact of factors that hinder the intensive and intensive development of tourism by taking real measures, as a result of active effective policy development, and minimize them as much as possible. Some of these impediments are objectively outside the country's sphere of influence, while the rest of the problems depend entirely on the country's efforts. First of all, the Georgian tourism market should be properly advertised on the international market. In addition, a security guarantee system for foreign and local tourists should be established.


In order to determine the possible correlation of specific immune responses with protection against mortality and ocular disease following ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) challenge, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with different doses and regimens of baculovirus‐expressed gD. Neutralizing antibody, virus titres in the eyes, corneal scarring, and survival were measured. In addition, infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells and cells containing the lymphokines interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐4, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were monitored on days 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 post‐challenge by immunocytochemistry. The vaccination regimens used induced varying degrees of immune responses and protection upon ocular challenge with HSV‐1. Our results suggest that neutralizing antibody was the most important immune response in protecting mice against lethal ocular challenge and corneal scarring. TNF‐α and IL‐2 were not crucial in terms of survival and corneal scarring, since gD1 (one vaccination with 1 μg of gD) and gD0.1 (one vaccination with 0·1 μg of gD), both of which provided high levels of protection, showed no TNF‐α or IL‐2 expression. However, TNF‐α and IL‐2 were crucial in terms of virus clearance from the eyes, since gD3 (three vaccinations with 1 μg of gD), which had less virus in their eyes, had high numbers of TNF‐α and IL‐2 infiltrates. Finally, mock‐vaccinated mice were not protected from death and corneal disease following HSV‐1 challenge. Eyes of mock‐vaccinated mice had little or no TNF‐α or IL‐2 responses and the strongest IL‐4 and IL‐6 responses.


100 keV H+ and He+ ion implantation was performed in 300 m thick (100) InP substrates at liquid nitrogen temperature with a constant fluence of 1 1017 cm–2. The surface morphology of the as-implanted InP samples was studied by optical microscopy. The implantation-induced damage was investigated by cross-sectional TEM, which revealed the formation of damage band in both cases near to the projected range of implanted ions. The formation of hydrogen-induced nanocracks and helium filled nanobubbles was observed in as-implanted InP samples.


The future Earth is projected to experience elevated rainfall variability, with more frequent and intense droughts, as well as high-rainfall events. Increasing CO2 concentrations are expected to raise terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), whereas water stress is expected to lower GPP. Plant responses to water stress vary strongly with timescale, and plants adapted to different environmental conditions differ in their functional responses. Here, we embed a unified optimality-based theory of stomatal conductance and biochemical acclimation of leaves we have recently developed [Joshi, J. et al. (2020) Towards a unified theory of plant photosynthesis and hydraulics. bioRxiv 2020.12.17.423132] in an eco-evolutionary vegetation-modelling framework, with the goal to investigate emergent functional diversity and associated GPP impacts under different rainfall regimes.

The model of photosynthesis used here simultaneously predicts the stomatal responses and biochemical acclimation of leaves to atmospheric and soil-moisture conditions. Using three hydraulic traits and two cost parameters, it successfully predicts the simultaneous declines in CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf photosynthetic capacity caused by drying soil. It also correctly predicts the responses of CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and leaf photosynthetic capacity to vapour pressure deficit, temperature, ambient CO2, light intensity, and elevation. Our model therefore captures the synergistic effects of atmospheric and soil drought, as well as of atmospheric CO2 changes, on plant photosynthesis and transpiration.

We embed this model of photosynthesis and transpiration in a trait-height-patch structured eco-evolutionary vegetation model. This model accounts for allometric carbon allocation, height-structured competition for light, patch-structured successional dynamics, and coevolution of plant functional traits. It predicts functional species mixtures and emergent ecosystem properties under different environmental conditions. Using this model, we investigate the evolution of plant hydraulic strategies under different regimes of drought and rainfall variability. Our approach provides an eco-evolutionarily consistent framework to scale up the responses of plant communities from individual plants to ecosystems to provide ecosystem-level predictions of functional diversity, primary production, and plant water use, and could thus be used for reliable projections of the global carbon and water cycles under future climate scenarios.


Objective To review causes of diagnostic errors of virtual touch tissues quantification(VTQ) in invasive breast cancer. Methods Pre-operative VTQ of 142 consecutive patients with breast cancer from January 2013 to July 2014 was reviewed.Characteristics of 27 invasive cancer with SWV values 7.303 m / s were compared with that of 115 cancer with SWV values ≥7.303 m / s. Results The invasive carcinoma with SWV values 7.303 m / s was smaller than 10 mm with grade I tumor histology,no lymph node metastasis and Ki-67 14%. There was no significant difference in the patient age, tumor depth, ER, PR, and HER-2 receptors..Mucinous carcinomas larger than 10 mm were more likely to be misdiagnosed as benign tumor. Conclusion Mucinous carcinomas larger than 10 mm and invasive breast cancer smaller than 10 mmwith grade I tumor histology, no lymph node metastasis and Ki-67 14% are more likely to be misdiagnosed as benign on VTQ.


This paper puts forward some different opinions in grammar aspect from Yang Bojun's explanation in Notes of Analects:1.Yi(以)in Yi Gao Zhe Guo Ye(以告者过也) should be explained as "for,beause".2.Wuyi(无以)is a fixed structure,which means nothing can be used to.3.Yeyi(也已)are combinated by "Ye" and "Yi",which expresses the tone of affirmative and interjectional.


Abstract This article discusses the effect of application of antifreeze substances on thermohydraulic parameters and energy consumption of a heating installation with convective radiators. A comparative theoretical and computational analysis is performed for water and two alternative heating mediums: a 50% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. It is indicated that antifreeze substances and their aqueous solutions may cause a reduction in the radiator heat output and an increase in hydraulic resistance, which results in the entire system higher energy consumption and lower efficiency. It is then justified that the heating installation design should take account of the use of a glycol aqueous solution instead of water to avoid an excessive drop in the installation energy indicators and prevent deterioration of the building thermal comfort conditions.


A new product launch is a popular strategy for companies to promote new products, publicize brand image, and connect with customers. It conforms to the four stages of the AIDA model: awareness, interest, desire and action. To introduce new products, the presentation speech conveys a plethora of interpersonal meanings. Based on the AIDA model, this thesis analyzes the interpersonal meaning of Apple's current CEO Tim Cook's speeches during Apple's new product launches through mood, modality and person systems. This study aims to explore the types and distribution of lexico-grammatical resources that Cook adopts, and how these resources realize the interpersonal meaning and help Cook achieve alignment with the audience over Apple's new product information in four steps of the AIDA model. The findings show that Tim Cook has an obvious preference for the resources in the speeches of Apple's new product launches. He tends to use distinctive lexico-grammatical resources in four stages of the AIDA model to realize the interpersonal meaning.


We use a novel Monte Carlo method to study the Mott transition in an anisotropic triangular lattice. The real space approach, retaining extended spatial correlations, allows an accurate treatment of non trivial magnetic fluctuations in this frustrated structure. Choosing the degree of anisotropy to mimic the situation in the quasi-two dimensional organics, $\kappa-$(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]-X, we detect a wide pseudogap phase, with anomalous spectral and transport properties, between the `ungapped' metal and the `hard gap' Mott insulator. The magnetic fluctuations also lead to pronounced momentum dependence of quasiparticle damping and pseudogap formation on the Fermi surface as the Mott transition is approached. Our predictions about the `bad metal' state have a direct bearing on the organics where they can be tested via tunneling, angle resolved photoemission, and magnetic structure factor measurement.


A two{grid iterative algorithm incorporating a domain decomposition (DD) method as its coarse grid problem solver is considered for solving the Helmholtz problem with an absorbing boundary condition. Since a numerical method requires choosing at least 6 to 8 grid points per wavelength, the coarse{grid problem itself is huge for high frequency applications. We solve the coarse{grid problem using a nonoverlapping DD method. To accelerate the convergence of the DD iteration, an iterative artiicial damping technique and an interface relaxation are introduced. Automatic strategies for nding eecient parameters are discussed. Numerical results are presented to show the eeectiveness of the method. It is numerically veriied that the rate of convergence of the two{grid algorithm depends on the wave number sub{linearly and does not deteriorate as the mesh size decreases.


ABSTRACT Geographical inaccessibility to health services persists as a major problem in many African countries, but resources to extend geographic coverage are extremely limited due to extremely difficult economic crises. Current research shows that better spatial organization of existing health facilities through application of location-allocation methods is an effective and less expensive means to improve geographical accessibility to health and other services. While many studies demonstrate the utility of these methods in the African context, the application of location-allocation methods in African health planning is rare. This paper explores the obstacles to the acceptance of location-allocation methodology in Africa and suggests how they may be overcome.


Although the exact cause of AMD is unknown, research suggests that there are a number of risk factors: Age. It is estimated that four to ten million Americans between age 45 and 75 years suffer from AMD. Race (higher in Caucasians), sex (higher and females), smoking, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, family history, high serum cholesterol, body mass index (kg weight / height2 m2), plasma fibrinogen level, and nutritional and antioxidant status have also been demonstrated to be associated with AMD (1,2).


This study intended to delineate the mechanism and functional role of Integrin α2(ITGA2) in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell immune escape. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to analyze ITGA2 expression in NSCLC tissues, and correlations between ITGA2 expression and patient survival time, ITGA2 expression and PD-L1(CD274) expression, and ITGA2 expression and CD8+T cell infiltration. qRT-PCR detected ITGA2 expression. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to examine the morphology of exosomes, and western blot measured CD9, CD63, and PD-L1 levels. CCK-8 measured cell viability. Cell toxicity experiment measured the killing effect of CD8+T cells on cancer cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed secretion levels of L-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and PD-L1 expression in exosomes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) detected ITGA2, CD8, and PD-L1 expression in patient tissue samples. ITGA2 was highly expressed in NSCLC, and Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation of ITGA2 with CD8+T cell infiltration and a positive correlation of ITGA2 with PD-L1 expression. Cell experiments showed that silencing ITGA2 hindered NSCLC cell progression and increased levels of CD8+T cell secretory factors. Further mechanism studies found that ITGA2 reduced CD8+T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity via the increase of PD-L1 expression. Clinical sample testing unveiled that ITGA2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. PD-L1 upregulation was seen in exosomes separated from patient blood, and correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of exosomal PD-L1 expression in blood with ITGA2 expression in tissues. This study displays a novel mechanism and role of ITGA2 in NSCLC immune escape, providing directions for the clinical therapy of NSCLC patients.


Increasing social needs for outdoor recreation require not only additional developments but proper evaluation of the existing facilities and management policy. As an evaluation technique, this paper examines Importance Performance. Analysis developed in Marketing field for evaluating facilities and services of a national park. L sing the data gathered by personal interview to the Kayasan National Park visitors in 1989, evaluation of 10 facility/service items by visitors are illustrated graphically. Based on the information, new management strategies are suggested.


The current study examines cultural effects on college professors' teaching styles. Ninety-four Chinese university instructors participated in the study. A 40-item teaching style inventory was used in the study. The responses were compared with American professors' teaching styles reported by Grasha (2006). Results show that the Chinese participants are no more likely than their American counterparts to use the authority-based, top-down teaching style cluster. However, they are more likely to report using student-centered teaching styles. These findings suggest that with globalization and westernization, Chinese teaching styles in higher education continue to evolve, and Chinese professors may be employing both the traditional Confucian style and the Western democratic teaching styles.


ABSTRACT Purpose To examine the association between maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy and the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Methods PubMed, Springer Link and Elsevier databases were searched up to August, 2014. Case-control and cohort studies published on the association between maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy and the occurrence of NTDs in offspring were included. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate the pooled effect estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results A total of six case-control studies and one cohort study were included. The pooled effect estimate of maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy was 0.86 for total NTDs (95% CI: 0.51– 1.45) and 1.30 (95% CI: 0.67– 2.52) for NTDs subtype of spina bifida. Conclusions Our findings suggested that maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy was not significantly associated with the occurrence of total NTD or the spina bifida subtype of NTD.


In the maritime industry, as with any other commercial activity, disputes and claims can arise between parties. This can occur where goods and services are provided to foreign ships on the credit of the ship alone, and payment is not made. At other times, the ship can also be the instrument of loss, as for example, the ship damages other property in a collision, or where goods are damaged or lost in the course of carriage by a ship.


There is a lot of bantering about the nursing shortage these days. Hospitals are restructuring their nursing staff, grants are being issued, research studies are being conducted and presented. What surprises me is that very little is being said about the epidemic of preventable back injuries to nurses. Back injuries are occurring within the nursing population at an alarming rate. William Charney (2001), Department of Health, states that, "Every day in the USA, 9,000 health care workers sustain a disabling injury while on the job." In evaluating studies related to back injury, Bernice Owens, RN, (2000), reports that "thirty-eight percent of 503 respondents had suffered back pain severe enough to require leave from work." Registered Nurses and nurses aides are the number one back injured group in most states of the USA. Ms. Owens (2000) also refers to another study in England that found "that twelve percent of all nurses intending to leave nursing permanently cited back pain as either a main or contributing factor." Given the epidemic of nursing back in juries and other factors leading to a projected nursing shortage in America of up to 500,000 too few nurses, patients might never see a Registered Nurs while in the hospital. An unbelievable catastrophe. Nurses are lifting up to thousands of pounds every day. How many 150 pound patients does one nurse lift in one day? Eifting patients up in bed, transfers from bed to wheelchair, wheelchair to bed, et cetera, is estimated at 1.8 tons per day. Here's a news flash. Three is no ergonomically safe way to manually lift patients. All that we have been taught about squatting, not bending our backs, and moving objects closer to us I s useless in preventing back injuries. The experts have known this for more than ten years. The weight of an adult patient exceeds tolerance limits set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and health (NIOSH) for compressive forces to the lumbar spine. Since the nucleus of spinal discs do not possess nociceptors, a nurse may not feet that the discs are being damaged from repetitive lifting. When the damage finally extends to the annulus of the disc, pain will then occur. Of course, then it is too late. Besides our injuries (if that were not enough), what injuries are occurring to our patients as we "1-2-3 heave-ho" them: nerve damage, shearing abrasions, dislocated shoulders, etc. We are inadvertently injuring those who are placed in our charge by continuing to use this archaic method of patient handling. One-two-three gives them a swing, one-two-three drags their bodies up in bed, and one-two-three plops them in a chair. Most of us would gladly continue lifting our patients and sacrificing our backs if there were no alternative. But, my most dear fellow nurses, there is no need for us to lift. Efficient equipment is widely available and implementation of lift teams has been proven successful at reducing back injuries. Entire European countries have adopted no-manual lift policies, yet the nursing staff of America behaves as if we are stevedores on a dock (in fact, due to proper equipment, dock workers are less injured than nurses). …


T he stead y d ev elopmen t of the light emittin g d iod e (LED) techn ology ov er the years has led to an in creasin g n umb er of n ew related application s. T he presen t paper giv es an ov erv iew of the photob iological an d physiological aspects of crop plan ts grow n un d er LEDs. T he photosyn thetic poten tialities of LED-b ased light sources in future application s such as in green houses are d iscussed . LEDs can allow full con trol of the light sources spectra, w hich can b e used to con trol the d ev elopmen t of pathogen ic d iseases an d to improv e morphologic characteristics of the crop plan ts. Computeriz ed man agemen t can easily in clud e an d fully in tegrate the con trol of sev eral importan t aspects for a b etter d ev elopmen t of a specific crop. Such aspects are for in stan ce light spectrum, q uan tity, photoperiod , photoregime, d istrib ution an d supplemen tation , together w ith temperature an d CO 2 con cen tration . K eyw ord s: Light emittin g d iod es, photosyn thesis, photob iology, P A R , crop plan ts


Targeted at Group 1 and Group 2 male students of Class 4,grade 3 at P.E. Department of Tianshui Normal University,the study conducts a teaching experiment in the teaching links of badminton technique and footwork by adopting the traditional methods of explaining,demonstrating,practicing,as well as the innovative methods of independent shuttlecock management practice. The result of this experiment presents a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group with regard to technique,footwork teaching links and the overall teaching effect. This method has effectively solved many tough problems such as practice court,practice density,practice time for shuttlecock management,spontaneous practice,and teaching effect is greatly improved.


Synopsis Let S and T be formally symmetric ordinary differential operators defined on a real interval I. It is assumed that the order of S is constant and everywhere strictly higher than the possibly varying order of T. The main result of this paper (Theorem 2.3) gives necessary and sufficient conditions for maximality of the deficiency indices of the differential relation Su = Tv considered in a Hilbert space with a scalar product which is a Dirichlet integral (see section 2) belonging to S. The conditions generalise those given in [5] for less general choices of operators S and T. For certain choices of Dirichlet integral they are explicit integrability conditions on the coefficients of the Dirichlet integral and the operator T.


We are now witnessing a large-scale need for the use of spatial information. Examples range from monitoring of deforestation in the Amazon to everyday applications for navigation and map-based visualizations. However, the central theories for Geographic Information Science (GIScience) need to be developed further in order to support the range of useful applications of geographic information in the society. For this there is a need to understand whether the study of scientific assets and their spatial, temporal and thematic could help to reveal useful new theories. The task is to all of these assets like publications, scientific data, methods, tools or tutorials – and represent their links to each other and to space, time and themes. The core question thus is: can we interconnect all scientific assets? This calls for efficient methods to answer questions of where, when, what, who (and even why) about each asset. Linked Data provides means for both the representation and accessing of data about the scientific assets on the web. This way it becomes possible – likely for the first time – to study on a large scale what kind of stories the data about scientific assets has to tell. Spatial data mining together with ontological reasoning can help us make aggregations, visualizations, abstractions, and thus allow for exploration of massive collections of scientific data and related assets. If we achieve in interconnecting different assets then we can achieve Linked Science where not only different assets are connected but also different disciplines. In this paper we discuss the role spatial data mining, semantic interoperability, vocabularies and visualization to support enabling of Linked Science. We also provide examples from our different Linked Science projects to illustrate the ideas.


As closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance becomes employed as a crime control technique the footage generated by security cameras will in turn become a progressively important source of evidence in criminal proceedings. While evidence of this nature may be conveniently described as 'video' evidence this description is likely to become increasingly inaccurate. The rapid development of digital technology means that it is now increasingly the case that security camera footage is recorded on computer disk rather than on video tape, this however is a gradual process and the majority of CCTV systems are likely to rely on traditional video technology for a number of years. By allowing the creation of more efficient automated CCTV systems the merging of computer and surveillance technology has great potential for law enforcement agencies. However digital technology also has potential pitfalls. Because all camera footage is stored in computer memory the images stored may be copied without any loss of qualit...


The invention relates to a high-voltage constant-current exploder for an industrial electronic detonator series network, comprising a high-voltage constant-current power supply arranged in an inner container and used for providing high-voltage constant-current output, a high-voltage electronic switch for controlling the high-voltage constant-current output, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) circuit for controlling the operation of the exploder, a low-voltage direct-current power supply for providing exploder input, an ignition switch for controlling the opening/closing of the exploder, an allowable region limiting circuit for limiting an operation region of the exploder and a self-destruction circuit for burning key electrical appliance elements and damaging all control programs when the inner container of the exploder is illegally opened, wherein the ignition switch comprises two or more key switches which are sequentially connected in series and mutually independently controlled. By using the high-voltage constant-current exploder provided by the invention, management control for the exploder and explosion operation can be realized through a plurality of technical means such as double-key control, double-cipher operation, allowable region limiting and illegal opening self-destruction, the exploder can be kept in a controlled state all the time, the safety and the reliability of the explosion operation can be improved.


Most pediatric patients and families want clear prognostic information across the illness course. Yet when children with poor‐prognosis cancer experience prolonged disease stability, uncertainty can make communication particularly challenging. In this study, we aimed to (i) assess how frequently oncologists communicate about prognosis when high‐risk cancer does not progress, and (ii) describe prognostic communication patterns in the context of disease stability.


An object of the present invention is to improve the ergonomic features of the transesophageal probe. Increasing the degree of freedom in design of the control handle, to simplify the sealing of the switch. A Multiplanar transesophageal probe (20) has a transducer (28) and the handle (30). The handle, control panel fitted with a plurality of switches (51 to 58) (40) is incorporated. Switch and control panel is covered with a foil (43). Seal (70) is attached to the handle of the control panel and foil. The control panel (40), it is also possible to have a surface topography and blends well combined surface topography of the control handle (30). .FIELD 1


ABSTRACT A total of 52 chelonians (50 Geochelone pardalis, and a Chersina angulata and Pelomedusa subrufa were killed along an electrified fence in the Thomas Baines Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape. To prevent such high mortality it is recommended that the fence be maintained at a minimum height of 250 mm and it should operate intermittently, allowing time for tortoises to retreat.


The use of aluminium scrap to produce different alloys has increased considerably at the start of the current century because of the low amount of energy required for its melting, in comparison to the energy required to produce aluminium from bauxite. However, contamination problems can arise if the different kinds of scrap with several chemical compositions are not separated using appropriate methods. In this way, contamination with elements such as Fe, Sb, Mg, Na, K, Pb, and Sn is quite common, so melt treatment practices have been recommended. Of these contaminants, antimony is considered to be among the most harmful because of its high potential toxicity, which is of special concern for products intended for handling of food and drink. Also, modification with sodium and/or strontium is not effective because of the formation of intermetallic compounds that remove these elements from solution, preventing any effect of this modification on the eutectic silicon phase. The negative effects of antimony on the rate of modification of the silicon eutectic with sodium and/or strontium in casting Al-Si alloys have been broadly studied by (Wang & Gruzleski, 1990), (Wang & Gruzleski, 1992), (Garant et al., 1992), and (Tuttle et al., 1991). The general problem in mixing antimony with sodium and/or strontium is the formation of high melting temperature compounds that are difficult to remove. Moreover, it is possible to generate phases with harmful morphologies that affect the mechanical properties of this type of alloy. These compounds eliminate sodium and/or strontium from the solution, preventing the effect of sodium/strontium modification on the silicon eutectic phase. On the other hand, antimony has been shown to possess a great chemical affinity for calcium, forming stable compounds that can be removed through dross. However, to study the mechanism of reaction, it is first necessary to define the stoichiometry of the reaction. Different techniques have been proposed to hinder the effects of antimony, including dilution with pure aluminium, separation of polluted scrap, addition of an excess of the modifier agent, or removal by means of chemical agents, as described by (Castrejon, 1995). However, no effective method has yet been developed at the cast shop facility level. Antimony, among other elements, possesses great affinity for calcium, as demonstrated long ago by (Hardy, 1941), who established that Ca3Sb2 or AlSb phases could form when these elements are present in molten aluminium. Nevertheless, the mechanism of reaction outside of molten aluminium scrap has not been determined.


The resolution of aerial digital image is low because of atmosphere's swaying and the Image Motion Compensation's error while imaging. In view of the limitation of ordinary interpolation an approach of image magnifying based on two-dimension discrete wavelet is proposed in this article. At beginning the original image is magnified using tri-spline sampling interpolation. Then we perform two-dimension discrete wavelet transformation to the magnified image. Subsequently the inverse transformation of wavelet to recombine digital image is carried out utilizing the acquired three high-frequency images as high-frequency part of the inverse transformation and utilizing the original image as its low-frequency part, and the obtained image is double to original image in the direction of length and width. In the end we completed the proposed approach in MATLAB. The same aerial image is magnified with above-mentioned wavelet-based algorithms, conventional bilinear interpolation and tri-spline sampling interpolation algorithm separately. After comparing the magnified image's value of mean gradient, the conclusion is deduced that the wavelet-based approach can not only magnify aerial image and enhance its resolution better, but also retain the minutia of original image, through which the aerial image is ready for the further aerial image interpretation and processing.


In Privacy International and Quadrature Du Net, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union ('CJEU') ruled that the e-Privacy Directive and EU Charter on Fundamental Rights generally prevent national law from enabling bulk retention and transmission of traffic and location data. However, in Quadrature Du Net, the Court clarified that EU law does not preclude indiscriminate data retention measures when Member States can prove serious threats to national security. In such cases, bulk data can only be retained during a strictly necessary period and the decision must be subject to review by a court or independent administrative body. The judgments will have serious implications for other data retention and sharing arrangements, such as the PNR, the proposed e-Privacy Regulation and e-Evidence package, international data sharing agreements, and also the third countries seeking adequacy decisions under the GDPR, including post-Brexit UK. The rulings suggest that CJEU has become an important actor in national security landscape, which has been outside the scope of European integration, but has become a ground for political struggle between the EU institutions and Member States. Yet, while Privacy International is an unequivocal assertion of CJEU's authority in the area of national security and a victory for data protection, Quadrature Du Net does not oppose indiscriminate data retention in principle and is an ambivalent response by the CJEU in the face of political pressure.


In a March 2004 Journal of Dental Education article titled "The Aging and Diminishing Dental Faculty" (vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 345–54), Livingstone et al. posed this question: "who will be our dental school faculty in the next decade?" In the nine years since that article was published, dental


The paper describes the position of the least developed micro-regions (LHH) that are to be supported by the current Hungarian complex programme, with special regard to their employment and unemployment position. I have a double aim with this work. On the one hand, I aim at describing the position of LHH micro-regions in the national context with the help of different statistical indicators, setting up diagnosis and formulating breaking points and proposals that can generate projects supporting catching up in the future. On the other hand, with statistical-econometric calculations, I aim at proving that the methodology of the micro-regional classification of the governmental decree 311/2007. (XI.17.) has a different result when only labour market indicators are included in the calculations, instead of the all applied complex indicators.


The neural dynamics underlying the causal network during motor planning or imagery in the human brain are not well understood. The lack of signal processing tools suitable for the analysis of nonlinear and nonstationary electroencephalographic (EEG) hinders such analyses. In this study, noiseassisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) is used to estimate the causal inference in the frequency domain, i.e., partial directed coherence (PDC). Natural and intrinsic oscillations corresponding to the motor imagery tasks can be extracted due to the data-driven approach of NA-MEMD, which does not employ predefined basis functions. Simulations based on synthetic data with a time delay between two signals demonstrated that NA-MEMD was the optimal method for estimating the delay between two signals. Furthermore, classification analysis of the motor imagery responses of 29 subjects revealed that NA-MEMD is a prerequisite process for estimating the causal network across multichannel EEG data during mental tasks.


We demonstrate absolute frequency stabilization of a quantum cascade dual-comb spectrometer to a molecular transition. A line-locked quantum cascade laser is introduced to the dual-comb system, improving frequency stability to <0.5 MHz.


This research was supported by the National Science Foundation. Peter L. Willson is N.A.S.A. Trainee. $^{1}$ D. A. Dows and A. D. Buckingham, J. Mol, Spectry, 12, 189 (1964).


The effect of a high energy, low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet on serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins was studied in two normal individuals. A marked rise in serum levels of cholesterol and phospholipid occurred during the diet, but serum triglyceride levels remained within the normal range. High density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not change, and the rise in serum level of cholesterol was distributed predominantly in low density lipoproteins. On the basis of recent data which link high serum cholesterol levels with its distribution in lipoproteins, these observed changes pose a potential atherogenic risk. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels reverted to normal on discontinuation of the diet. A modest weight loss observed during the diet was regained within 24 hóurs of the diet's cessation.


Voice activity detection (VAD) is mainly used to detect speech/non-speech periods in observed noisy signals. The detected periods are used to reduce noise components or enhance speech components in noisy speech. However, current VAD techniques have serious problems in that the accuracy of detection of speech/non-speech periods drastically reduces if they are used for noisy speech and/or for mixtures of non-speech such as those in musical and environmental sounds. Thus, VAD needs to be robust to enable speech periods to be accurately detected in these situations. This paper proposes concurrent processing of VAD and noise reduction (NR) using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and modulation spectrum analysis (MSA) to si-multaneously resolve these problems. The proposed method effectively works on reducing stationary background noise by using EMD without estimating SNR (noise conditions), and then on reducing non-stationary noise including non-speech components by using MSA while this is determining speech/non-speech periods by thresholding the noise-reduced speech. Three experiments on VAD/NR in real environments were conducted to evaluate the proposed method by comparing it with typical methods (Otsu's method, G.729B, and AMR) and our previous methods. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could accurately detect speech/non-speech periods and effectively reduce noise components simultaneously.


A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for the modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere is applied to investigate the relative roles of the time dependence of the three diffusion coefficients on the p/He ratios at rigidities below 3 GV. At these rigidities the ratios have been observed by PAMELA and AMS to have a significant time variation. We find that the contribution of the time dependence of perpendicular diffusion in the radial direction of the heliosphere is the dominant cause of this observed time variation and not any fundamental difference between the solar modulation of galactic protons and helium


This paper examines the satisfaction of school teacher investors' towards small savings with reference to Alappuzha District, Kerala. The research design applied for the study is analytical and descriptive in nature. Both the primary and secondary data were used in this study. The Primary data were collected from school teacher investors' in Alappuzha district, Kerala. Cronbach alpha test, Split - half reliability test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Content and Construct Validity were applied to ensure the validity and reliability of data collection instrument. Primary data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It is found from the SEM that all the 17 measured variables have positive relationship with latent variable namely teacher severs' satisfaction towards small savings.  The measured variable namely, "Place of investment in small savings is conveniently located" is placed in rank first which means this variable has high extent of positive impact on teacher severs' satisfaction towards small savings out of 17 measured variables.  The measured variable, "Small savings involve less procedures while making investments," is ranked 17th which means this variable has less positive impact on teacher severs' satisfaction towards small savings.


The recurrence of ion waves has been examined experimentally in the region where the nonlinearity is so weak that recurrence length is determined oniy by dispersion. We observe that the recurrence length is longer than the theoretical prediction derived from the Korteweg–de Vries equation of hot ions, and that the recurrence is imperfect. The result is qualitatively explained by wave–particle interaction.


High integration of modern microwave circuits and systems puts forward higher requirements for multi-function and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of transmission channels. In this paper, we propose two EMC technologies including the substrate integrated packaging (SIP) and tuneable wavenumber mismatching (TWM) based on multi-functional spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) channels. The SIP technology can effectively improve the EMC performance of the SSPP channels in the whole frequency band by designing the packaging structure with easy fabrication and compact size; while the TWM technology can significantly suppress crosstalks in desired frequency bands by manipulating the wavenumber difference between two adjacent channels. Simulated and measured results demonstrate excellent multi-function and EMC performance of the integrated multi-functional SSPP channels by employing the two EMC technologies. The integrated multi-functional SSPP channels can realize continuous phase modulation in X-band and continuous amplitude modulation in Ku-band. The coupling coefficient of the integrated channels is about 8–10 dB lower than that of the channels without the package, and is 13–15 dB lower than that of the traditional microstrip channels in the whole X-band and Ku-band. Meanwhile, the coupling coefficient of the integrated multi-functional SSPP channels with a distance of 1/30 λ 0 can be reduced to around −30 dB in the desired narrow bands. Therefore, the proposed EMC technologies may find broad applications in highly integrated microwave circuits and systems.


Since the establishment of Ṱhohoyanḓou (a town in Venḓa in the Vhembe district) in 1979 by the Venḓa Homeland government, new sections were identified through labels such as P-East and P-West, F and G. The process continued with the establishment of the Thulamela Municipality under the new democratic government, with more sections carrying more labels such as H, J, K, M, C, D and many more. With the municipality expanding, village names in and around the town have either been wiped out completely or replaced by new names. This is a result of the fast growth of the town in all aspects, which has resulted in the encroachment into village life, villages being engulfed with and the elimination and substitution of names. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Eco-Linguistics theories, this article intends to highlight how dominance, control and abuse of power by the municipality have led to cases of linguistic, social and cultural impoverishment and disempowerment. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the elimination of Tshivenḓa village names in the fast-developing town of Ṱhohoyanḓou is destroying valuable information, which could be used for the creation of knowledge for current and future generations.


"As the Irish satellite decision shows, global communication developments conditioned by the interests of multinutional capital are having considerable impact on the domestic telecommunication and broadcasting policies of individiual European states."


Performance testing of large area mosaic focal planes requires high speed and high volums test methods because of the large number of individual elemsnts to be tested. Extensive use of parallel activities is required to avoid the sequential delays involved in loading, evacuating, cooling, testing, warming, pressurizing, and unloading the test articles. A parallel path production test system designed for automated testing of up to twelve thousand detector channels per hour will be described.


Relevance. Biofilms of bacteria, in particular, pathogens of purulent-septic and enteral diseases, play an important role in the development of the infectious process, resulting in 60–70% of its chronic and recurrent forms. About 60% of nosocomial infections are caused by bacterial biofilms. In biofilms, the bacteria themselves make up only 5–35% of its total mass, the rest is an extracellular polymer matrix consisting of exopolysaccharides, DNA and proteins, which prevents the penetration of antimicrobial agents into biofilms. Resistance of bacteria in biofilms to antibiotics is 10–1000 times higher than the established concentrations for planktonic bacterial cells. The permeability in biofilms of different antibiotics differs. Bacteria P. aeruginosa have a high, as well as rapidly acquired resistance to most antibiotics, as well as the ability to form biofilms in the foci of inflammation. Goal of the study are a comparative study of the antibacterial activity of antibiotics and the bacteriophage composition of lytic groups of KMV-likevirus, PB-1 likevirus, N4-likevirus and phiKZ-likevirus against plankton cultures of clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa, detection and study of the frequency of biofilm formation by bacteria P. aeruginosa and the preventive action of lytic bacteriophage compositions on them, as well as its ability to destroy bacterial biofilms. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the composition of bacteriophages of P. aeruginosa isolated from various sources of the external environment consisting of strains of bacteriophages of lytic groups KMV (PaUfa-1), PB-1(PaUfa-4), N4(PaUfa -3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa-15)-like viruses, which do not contain genes for drug resistance, lysogenicity and toxigenicity, at a concentration of 5 x 107 PFU/ ml, analogous to phage concentration in therapeutic and prophylactic preparations of bacteriophages and 277 clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, allocated (2016-2017), in the cities of Moscow, Voronezh, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasnodar, St. Petersburg. Results and discussion. A study of the sensitivity of 277 clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria to various groups of antibiotics showed that it is within the range of 53.5–80%. The width of the spectrum of antibacterial activity of the composition of bacteriophages of P. aeruginosa lytic groups CMV (PaUfa -1), PB-1(PaUfa -4), N4(PaUfa -3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa -15)-likevirus planktonic cultures of hospital and clinical strains, was 89.97% (from 82 to 100%). Of the 42 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, 33 strains (78.6%) formed biofilms, the remaining 9 strains showed less pronounced biofilm formation. After preliminary preventive treatment with a composition of bacteriophages of biofilm of strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, 64.3% of them did not form of biofilm, in 35.7% of strains this ability decreased by 92.0–96.8%. The composition of the lytic bacteriophages KMV (PaUfa-1), PB-1(PaUfa-4), N4(PaUfa-3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa-15)-ikevirus, even in a single treatment, destroyed biofilms of various strains P. aeruginosa with destruction from 23 to 100%. High antibacterial activity (an average of 89.97%) of the composition of the lytic bacteriophages P. aeruginosa KMV(PaUfa-1), PB-1(PaUfa-4), N4(PaUfa-3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa-15)-like virus in the plankton cultures of P. aeruginosa bacteria falls insignificantly in biofilms (0–77.0%), the activity of antibiotics in biofilms is reduced by 10–1000 or more (decrease in penetration by 90.0–99,9999%). Conclusion. The composition of lytic bacteriophages exerts not only an antibacterial effect on planktonic cultures, but also acts proactively on the formation of bacterial biofilms and destroys them. The obtained data confirm the expediency of using P. aeruginosa bacteriophage preparations for the treatment and prevention of purulent-septic and enteral diseases of the synaeconomic etiology according to clinical and epidemiological indications.


The purpose of the present experiment was to describe rabbits´ early behavioral responses to illness, and its relation with physiological changes to help improve early detection of infection, particularly those induced by Taenia pisiformis in rabbits. Twenty adult female New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated in two groups, to determine whether changes in behavior and some physiological parameters can be induced in rabbits after a T. pisiformis infection. Infected animals were orally inoculated with 3,000 eggs of T. pisiformis, while controls only received saline solution. Behavioral activity was recorded daily from 19:00 to 21:00 h starting two days before infection. Mate choice and rank status were assessed, and blood samples were collected at -2, 7, 14 and 25 days post infection (dpi) for hematological and hepatic function determinations. All animals were observed for clinical signs every other day from the beginning of the experiment and euthanized 25 dpi after last sampling. Infected animals spent more (P 0.05) were observed in the time spent at the feeder, rank status or mate choice. Leucocyte and lymphocyte concentrations increased (P<0.05) while heterophil counts decreased in infected rabbits as the experiment progressed. Furthermore, infected animals had larger concentrations of alkaline phosphatase as soon as 7 dpi. No clinical signs of the disease were detected. Necropsy findings corroborate hepatic lesions and presence of the parasite in all infected animals. It was concluded that an infection with 3,000 eggs of T. pisiformis induced changes in behavioral patterns, supported by some changes in hematological and hepatic parameters that could improve early detection of illness, regardless of clinical signs.


This study deals with the optimization of energetic and exergetic parameters of a hybrid-solar dryer to dry basil leaves under determined experimental conditions at three air temperatures (40 °C, 55 °C, and 70 °C) and three bed thickness levels (2, 4, and 6 cm). The optimization of the thermodynamic parameters was performed using the response surface method (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) and the desirability function (DF) to maximize the drying rate, exergy efficiency, improvement potential rate and the sustainability index, and to minimize the energy utilization, energy utilization ratio and exergy loss rate. These parameters were calculated on the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics as the response variables. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the optimal conditions for basil drying were at a drying air temperature of 63.8 °C and a bed thickness of 2 cm. At this point, the parameters of the drying rate, energy utilization, energy utilization ratio, exergy efficiency, exergy loss rate, improvement potential rate and sustainability index were obtained with the maximum utility function (D = 0.548) as 0.27, 0.019 (kJ/s), 0.23, 65.75%, 0.016 (kJ/s), 1.10 (kJ/s) and 0.015, respectively.


Side effects from a high-dose clozapine treatment for a schizophrenic patient led to massive compliance problems. The dose of clozapine could be halved without recurrence of an acute psychotic symptomatology by concomitantly administering amisulpride. The side effects, especially hypersalivation, disappeared almost entirely, which in turn led to good compliance. In a short review we would like to present the pathophysiology and therapeutic options of clozapine-induced hypersalivation.


Games, sloth and the common good are familiar subjects to scholars of late medieval Europe, yet the connections contemporaries made between them have never been properly explored. How these rhetorical ideas were aligned, how they were used and by whom, across a wide social spectrum, are the central questions in this article; and examining them reveals how malleable (and gendered) they were. Discourses on games, developed by schoolmen and other churchmen in relation to recreation, and integrated with ideas of sloth and the common good, were harnessed to serve the authority of rulers in late medieval Flanders and Burgundian lands. Yet they were also deployed to suit other agendas, especially during the troubled period of civil war from 1477 to 1492, by the rulers' subjects—urban magistrates, elite or middling groups, but also men from lower social strata. Valuable evidence for the latter appears within the numerous pardon letters that survive from 1386 to 1500: these were specially granted by rulers to suppliants, many of whom were craftsmen, labourers and artisans. Suppliants often referred to their game-playing and recreational activities; while these cases suggest a process by which subjects were disciplined, they also show how discourses on games offered suppliants strategic room for manoeuvre.


Objective To investigate the effects of Tongxinluo Capsules on hs-CRP and ET-1 in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods All 110 cases with STEMI were randomly divided into study group(60 cases) and control group(50 cases).Control group was treated by conventional method,study group added Tongxinluo Capsules for treating on the base of control group.Compared the levels of hs-CRP,ET-1 and cardiac function in two group before and after treatment.Results After treatment the decrease levels of hs-CRP and ET-1 in study group were more observably than control group(P0.05 or P0.01),the rise levels of LVEF and the reduction level of LVEDD and LVESD were more observably than control group(P0.05).Conclusion Tongxinluo Capsules restrain the inflammation of vascular local inflammation of STEMI,improve the Vascular endothelial cells function,reduce the levels of hs-CRP and ET-1,stabilize coronary plaque rapture,improve cardiac function.


Everyone knows that LGBT representations on television have played a critical role in changing hearts and minds on issues such as marriage equality; it is a truth universally acknowledged. As perva...


Based on first‐principles theoretical calculations, we investigate the hydrogenation effect on the defect properties of oxygen vacancies (VO) in HfO2. A defect complex of VO and H behaves as a shallow donor, being in a positive charge state for a wide range of the Fermi levels, and this complex is very stable against its dissociation into VO and H. We suggest that the VO‐H complex is responsible for the formation of positive fixed charges, which neutralize negative fixed charges during the post‐annealing process of SiOx/HfO2 stack. We find that at p+poly‐Si/HfO2 gates, Si interstitials can be incorporated from the electrode into the gate oxide with a charge transfer to the electrode. The resulting interface dipole raises the Fermi level of poly‐Si toward the pinning level, causing high flat band voltage shifts. In O‐rich grown HfO2 on Si substrates, the Si atoms substitute for the Hf sites, leading to the formation of Hf‐silicate layers, while under O‐poor conditions, they remain as interstitial defects, ...


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, is characterized by progressive symmetric muscle weakness and gait disturbance, with onset in early childhood. DMD is the most common muscular dystrophy in children, and incidence ranges from 1 in 3600 to 4700 live male births. Early diagnosis (screening, confirmation, and genetic counseling), treatment, and long-term follow-up of affected individuals in routine pediatric practice can be challenging and are the focus of this review.


The integration of cognitive radio (CR) into satellite networks is recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of radio spectrum. This paper investigates the ergodic capacity of a multiple antenna cognitive satellite terrestrial network, where the secondary terrestrial system can coexist with the primary satellite system as long as the interference imposed from the secondary user (SU) to the primary user (PU) is below a predefined threshold. Specifically, the Meijer-G function based analytical expression for the ergodic capacity of the secondary network is derived, which not only provides an efficient means to evaluate the system performance but also characterize the impact of various channel parameters on the network. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.


A new method of infrared non-destructive test (IRNDT), which is on the basis of
the temporal change of radiative power from every point of the sample, has been deve-
loped for determining the defects of voids in interfaces of overlapped-layer compound
materials. Experimetal results show that this method is feasible.


This paper presents an autonomous approach of 3-D reconstruction of underwater terrain using multi-level coverage trees. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with multi-beam sonar sensors, Doppler velocity log (DVL) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors is used to achieve this goal. The underwater 3-D search space is represented by a multi-level coverage tree which is generated online based on the obstacle information collected by the AUV. The nodes of the tree correspond to safe sub-areas for AUV navigation which are identified based on obstacle density in neighborhood of free cells. Standard tree traversal strategies like depth-first-search (DFS) and breath-first-search (BFS) are then used for visiting all the nodes of the tree thus securing complete coverage of the 3-D space. The terrain data collected by the AUV during tree coverage is used offline for the 3-D reconstruction of seabed using alpha shapes algorithm. The performance of this method is validated using a high-fidelity underwater simulator UWSim based on Robot Operating System (ROS). The simulations show that the proposed methodology achieves safe path planning and accurate reconstruction of the 3-D map of the underwater terrain.


The utility model discloses an electric water heater provided with an automatic speed controlling compatibilization device, which belongs to the technical field of household appliances. The utility model provides one electric heater with an automatic speed controlling compatibilization device. The appropriate heating power is automatically chosen according to the temperature difference of the set temperature and the actual temperature; thus the purpose of speed controlling and compatibilization of a large quantity of water feeding in short time can be automatically achieved. The utility model comprises an inner container, a mounting flange, an upper heating rod, a lower heating rod and a controller. The utility model is characterized in that a temperature sensor which can detect the water temperature of the upper and the lower layers is installed on the inner container, and the temperature sensor and the controller forms the automatic speed controlling compatibilization device used for controlling the opening and closing of the upper heating rod and the lower heating rod. The electric water heater has the advantages of automatic choosing the optimal heating power under different conditions to obtain good heating effect, increasing water supply amount and saving the energy.


We present a new argumentation-theoretic approach to default reasoning with speci-city. The new approach diiers from other approaches in the way priority between defaults is handled. Here, it is context sensitive rather than context independent as in other approaches. We start by showing that any context independent handling of priorities between defaults as advocated in the literature until now is not suucient to capture general defeasible inheritance reasoning. This motivates the introduction of an argu-mentation framework for default reasoning with speciicity where the context sensitive priorities between defaults are captured by the attacks-relation between the arguments. We present several new and novel results. First we show that our framework subsumes the semantics of defeasible inheritance networks. We then show that the new semantics satisses core properties of default reasoning such as the conditioning, deduction, reduction, and cumulative propositions 1. To give a proof procedure to our approach, we present a modular transformation from default theories into logic programs where the preferred semantics of the former coincides with the answer set semantics of the later.


This paper presents novel frequency compensation techniques for low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator. An enhanced active feedback frequency compensation is employed to improve its frequency response. This LDO can provide high stability for loading current range up to 100 mA without loading capacitors. Moreover, the total compensation capacitors only require 7 pF for this technique. This allows us to integrate the compensation capacitors within the LDO chip easily. The proposed LDO regulator was designed using TSMC 0.35-µm CMOS technology. With an active area of 0.14 mm2, the quiescent current is only 40 µA. The input voltage is ranged from 1.73 V to 5 V for loading current of 100 mA and the output voltage of 1.5 V. The main advantage of this approach is that the LDO circuit can be stable when we connect external load capacitors with ultra low ESR, or even when we eliminate the load capacitors.


Senapati, N., Griffiths, S., Hawkesford, M., Shewry, P. R., & Semenov, M. A. (2019). Large increase in yield is predicted by wheat ideotypes for Europe under future climate. Global Change Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14943. [Epub ahead of print]


Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare and aggressive tumor that is emerging as a distinct entity of childhood disease .It is characterized by mesenchymal elements (including undifferentiated blastoma and often cartilaginous, rhabdomyoblastic, or fibroblastic differentiation) and epithelium-lined spaces. PPB may be exclusively cystic (type I), solid (type III) or both solid and cystic (type II). A 5-month-old boy presented with a history of fever and respiratory distress. Chest radiograph and subsequent CT scan showed a large soft-tissue density occupying the left chest cavity. Radical resection of the mass was achieved by lobectomy. Histologic examination revealed PPB (type II). (Tanaffos 2004; 3(11): 71-76)


It is important to understand the patterns of succession and competition in seagrass beds as a way of explaining recovery processes after disturbances. This project studies macroalgae-seagrass succession dynamics in the Caribbean, and tests the importance of interspecific density-dependence (competition) in predicting the successional sequence of species in a wave-disturbed ecosystem. Competition and gap disturbances seem to be the dominant factors influencing species coexistence in offshore regions whereas habitat partitioning driven by differences in depth, disturbance and wave action creates distinct zones of macroalgae and seagrass inshore. In general, density dependent processes across our study site were influenced by major physical gradients. This study has important consequences for predicting dramatic shifts in large-scale seagrass ecosystems, which act as ecological engineers and provide many ecosystem services.


It is of great significance to a country's far-reaching development and stability for a country to keep a moderate quantity of foreign exchange,the establishment of which includes the method of proportion analysis,the method of regression analysis and the method of cost-benefit analysis.Based on the comparison of three measurements or conclusion modes,it is reasonable to use J.Agaraual mode to measure and calculate the quantity of foreign exchange reserve in China.


This dissertation addresses cloud computing adoption and decision-making issues. It analyzes adoption determinants, discusses cloud services, and compares cloud providers. Cloud computing has both technical and organizational dimensions. Until recently the organizational dimension has received little attention, and cloud computing has essentially been considered from a technical perspective. However, the "cloudification" of information systems poses many economic and managerial questions that need to be evaluated. It is therefore important to enrich our understanding of phenomena related to the "virtualization" of information, through an examination of their multidimensional characteristics. Overall, this dissertation finds that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, complexity and compatibility are key factors for cloud adoption, It know-how plays also an important role in the decision process; most small cloud providers have more stable and better computing performance than large cloud providers, the performance of CPU impact price significantly. This dissertation contributes a lot to the theoretical and managerial dimensions of cloud computing research, however, there exists more research work to do as the aforementioned research limitations from the perspective of cloud adoption and cloud decision-making. Future research will focus on the limitions of the research.


In a Mobile Mapping System based on CCD video cameras as remote sensors, the characteristics and behaviour of the video sensors are a key factor for the overall system performance, especially the robustness of the lenses and the capacity to keep the inherent distortion factors at low levels. The lens system must have the possibility of iris and focal length fixing in order to allow keeping the internal characteristics practically unchanged, at least during a surveying session. Furthermore, for application in a production environment, to have a quick, simple and reliable camera calibration method is mandatory. This paper describes a method that allows for a fast calibration of CCD cameras, but maintaining sufficient accuracy. It relies on using images taken of a regular pattern printed in a plane panel. Several tests were carried out in order to determine which interior orientation parameters should be used. For each camera several images must be obtained of a plane object with well defined points measured in a true-size object reference system. Camera calibration is performed independently for each camera. The initial approximations for the exterior parameters, three rotations and three translations for each image, in the object reference frame, are obtained with a process that relies on the collinearity equations; otherwise there are no required initial approximations, except for the focal distance. The final calibration parameters are obtained in an iterative process using a bundle adjustment. Results of several tests made in order to assess the overall performance of the method, based on re-projection from object to image space and vice-versa, are presented here.


Monsieur Heger scribbled some notes on Charlotte Brontë's last letter to him. These have been believed to be jottings about his shoemaker. Brian Bracken, in 'Charlotte's Letter, Heger and the Shoemaker', has identified names and addresses present in the notes after meticulous searches of census and population registers and careful study of the history of the streets of Brussels. He has pieced together a very plausible reason both for the names to have a connection to each other and for Heger's interest. Bracken's analyses caused him to reinterpret what Heger wrote, and (especially) why. Heger emerges as a caring, concerned citizen. Our perceived assessment of his character is utterly debunked! Once upon a time there was a museum in Harrogate crammed with J. M. Barrie and Brontë memorabilia. Although the artefacts were dispersed after a brief while, remnants of the museum's splendour can still be found. In 'Joseph Henry Dixon's Oatlands Museum, Harrogate', Steven Wood, a well-known historian, describes the owner of this establishment, the stages of collection, the sale at Sotheby's and the afterlife of the buildings. This is a nicely-illustrated, fascinating account of a little-known Brontëite and his enthusiasm for all things Brontë. In 'Lockwood the Liar: a Call to Reconsider Wuthering Heights as a Metafictional Work on the Limits of Narrative', Nicholas Frangipane explores Emily Brontë's skill in building layer upon layer of internal structure in her novel. Do we believe Lockwood's story? Are we meant to? Or is the subject of Wuthering Heights storytelling itself? Emily Brontë emerges yet again as an exceptionally gifted storyteller displaying remarkable authorial dexterity. Weather is an important part of life in Britain, and especially in areas, like Yorkshire, where frequently it can be extreme. Graeme Tytler, in 'Weather in Wuthering Heights', explores Emily Brontë's masterly use of weather in character definition and plot development, in providing sharp contrasts and lyrical passages. Susan Taylor, in '"The Toad in the Block of Marble": Charlotte Brontë's Figures in Stone', explores Charlotte Brontë's references to sculpture in her novels and her understanding of writer-as-sculptor, so powerfully evoked in her Preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights. Had we noticed that Charlotte's novels teem with statues, stone, marble and garden ornaments? What do they signify? The next article is entitled 'Appearing Before the Public: Charlotte Brontë and the Author Portrait in the 1830s'. The author, Julian North, speculates that Charlotte was looking for authorial visibility in Jane Eyre and explores the necessity for this in the nineteenth century. A 'seductive intimacy between the viewer and the sitter' was thought to be both essential and empowering. North discusses the force exerted over readers by


Minimalist grammars (MGs) , as introduced in Stabler (1997), have proven a useful instrument in the formal analysis of syntactic theories developed within the minimalist branch of the principles–and–parameters framework (cf. Chomsky 1995, 2000). In fact, as shown in Michaelis (2001), MGs belong to the class of mildly context–sensitive grammars. Interestingly, without there being a rise in (at least weak) generative power, (extensions and variants of) MGs accommodate a wide variety of (arguably) "odd" items from the syntactician's toolbox, such as ead movement(Stabler 1997, 2001), affix hopping(Stabler 2001), (strict) remnant movement (Stabler 1997, 1999), adjunction(Frey and G̈artner 2002), and (to some extent) scrambling(Frey and G̈artner 2002). 1


We develop a geographic growth model where nominal wages are allowed to diverge between the two considered countries. Removing the standard assumption entailing that both countries always own a traditional sector, we argue that, as trade gets freer, the traditional sector of one country might cease to exist so that wages increase: it gives rise to an additional dispersion force independent of trade costs. Hence, the core-periphery outcome might never be reached, which contradicts previous literature's results. We also question a hallmark of the literature since we argue that full agglomeration of firms might actually lead to slower growth for both countries.


The existence of lateral completions of '-groups is an old problem that was rst solved, for conditionally complete vector lattices, by Nakano [5]. The existence and uniqueness of lateral completions of representable '-groups was rst obtained as a consequence of the orthocompletions of Bernau [1], and later the proofs were simplied by Conrad [3], who also proved the existence and uniqueness of lateral completions of '-groups with zero radical. Finally, Bernau [2] solved the problem for '-groups in general. In this work, we address the problem of the existence and uniqueness of lateral, projectable, and strongly projectable completions of residuated lattices. In particular, we push the methods of Conrad through to the case of the representable GMV-algebras. The leading idea is to construct, for any given semilinear residuated lattice, an orthocomplete extension such that the former is dense in the latter. This extension is obtained as the direct limit of a family of residuated lattices that are constructed using partitions of the algebra of polars of the original residuated lattice. In order to complete the proof we still need another hypothesis, which is the relativized law of double negation with respect to arbitrary elements, an abstraction of the law of double negation in which commutativity and integrality have been dropped, and determines the wide class of Generalized MV-algebras (see [4]). This, together with the density, allows us to obtain the completions of the given residuated lattice.


A reliability analysis for the decay heat removal system of a 1000-MW--(e) gas-cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFBR) has been carried out. ITT relates only to the GCFBR specific systems required after the maximum depressurization accident, and normal shutdown. Non-GCFBR specific systems such as the electrical supply system and the containment back-pressure system were not included in the analysis. For these analyses, the method of fault trees was used to describe the different failure combinations of the system. The calculations were performed with the system analysis program SAP-1, which combines analytical and simulation methods to find the failure probability and the unavailability of the system. The results of the analysis show that the unavailability governs the reliability of the system; a computed value of 3 x 10/sup -4/ was obtained for the unavailability of the system after a maximum depressurization accident, and a value of 4 x 10/sup -8/ was obtained for the unavailability of the system after normal shutdown.


The topical issues of the development of the research potential of Ukraine in the field of international economics , capable of creating scientific support for the foreign economic activity of entrepreneurial structures and government organizations in the context of world and European integration, have been investigated. The creation of the infrastructure of research organizations specializing in the international economics has been substantiated, in particular, the feasibility of creating research institutes in the USA and Canada, Europe, and the Center for International Agricultural Business. The article considers the expediency of conducting research on the issues of cooperation with interstate integration associations of countries, including the EU, ASEAN, TPP, APEC, BRICS, for the implementation of the country's foreign economic policy. A special place in the system of international economics research should be occupied by the problems of Industry 4.0 and the leadership of Ukrainian IT companies in the system of global economic competition. The state of the staffing of research activities in international economics is analyzed and proposals for training of highly qualified specialists in international economics in large industrial centers: Kharkov, L'viv. Dnieper, Odessa and Zaporizhia are formulated.


The construction pattern and occupancy of Ectatomma vizottoi was described, during November 2004-August 2006 period, in Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul by excavation of eight nests. The entrance openings, or exit, have an ellipsoid shape and lead to a wide tunnel, similar to a hall, which is connected to other deeper chambers in the nest. The nests reach up to 360 cm deep and contain three to ten chambers. Nests are constructed independently of plants and roots presence, and the soil of the tunnels and chambers are compacted, with specific compartments for colony deposit of detritus. The increase of the ant density led to an increase in nest depth and number of chambers, maintaining an average nest volume, which indicates a standard size for nest chambers.


One of the possible approaches to remove the Pseudomonas bacteria from surface water by using textile fibrous media has been studied in this article. The attachment of Pseudomonas bacteria inside textile fibrous media was studied using laboratory column experiment which led to the understanding of the physiochemical interaction between textile surface and the bacteria. Colloid‐filtration theory was used to investigate the effects of various physicochemical factors like pH, ionic strength (M) and mass (g) of the porous media on bacterial attachment. The quantitative assessment of bacterial attachment on the textile surface media was carried out by determining the collision efficiency. The physicochemical factors mentioned above were optimized to obtain maximum collision efficiency so as to achieve maximum bacterial attachment on the textile media surface. Bacterial attachment is found to be directly related to the ionic strength of the suspending medium and the mass of the textile media. A significant improvement in collision efficiency is observed when the ionic strength of the suspended medium is increased. Maximum collision efficiency is achieved at high level of ionic strength and medium level of pH with high level of mass of the textile media.


Clutter suppression in an forward-looking airborne radar is different from that of an side-looking airborne radar. The clutter model of forward-looking airbore radar with amplitude and phase errors is proposed. Investigations show that the rank and spectrum of the clutter covariance matrix depends on the amplitude and phase error which decreases the performance of reduced-dimension space-time adaptive processing(STAP) algorithm. The effect of the amplitude and phase errors on clutter spectrum is that random two-dimensional spectrum perturbation is added to the idea clutter spectrum. The numeric results proof the proposed theorem is reasonable.


In the article authors are considering the peculiarities of determining amount of work by victims rescue in the conditions of mass destruction. The connection between the amount of emergency rescue operations (ERO) and the applicable technology is proved. The expediency of using a universal unit of measurement - standard unit volume (measurers) – for the estimating of the amount of ERO, for determining of the rational technologies and for controlling the rate of rescuing the victims has been substantiated. The dependence of the complexity of work on the volume of their implementation has been determined. The dependence in the increase of labor costs and in the decrease of the works intensity with the increasing process of their performance is manifested. The possibility of the mentioned features application has practical value for developing of methodological approaches for the purpose of optimization of the rescue operations processes and justification of the rational technologies of their realization.


Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) so as to improve the awareness of the disease.

Methods
Twenty-four children with PB were collected from Jul.2009 to Mar.2012 in Shenzhen Children's Hospital.The clinical manifestation, bronchoscopy, histology of the cast, clinical course and outcome were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
Of the 24 children with PB, 18 cases were male, 6 cases were female, and the range of age was 1 year and 2 months to 10 years and 3 months, with the median age of 3 years and 4 months.Three patients had an underlying chronic disease, 1 case had asthma, 1 case had hydronephrosis, and 1 case had ventricular septal defect repair before 1 year and 8 months.All the cases had fever, cough and sputum, while 10 cases had wheeze, and 5 cases had respiratory distress.All cases were diagnosed as pneumonia or severe pneumonia, of which 14 case had atelectasis, 10 cases had parapneumonic effusion, 5 cases suspected of foreign body inhalation, 3 cases had pneumothorax, and 3 cases had mediastinal hernia.Fourteen cases were admitted to PICU, 6 patients developed respiratory fai-lure, and 9 patients required mechanical ventilation.Flexible bronchoscopy and bronchial lavage were performed in all cases and showed bronchial cast.Histological examination of the bronchial cast revealed that fibrinous material containing large quantity of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in 23 patients, and no inflammatory cells in 1 patient.After a bronchial cast was removed, all patients were improved greatly, and no patient dead.

Conclusions
Plastic bronchitis is a rare pediatric critical disease, which has high mortality.In children with rapid and progressive respiratory distress with lung atelectasis, pleural effusion or consolidation on chest radiograph, PB should be considered.Bronchial endoscopy is the most effective method for treatment of PB.

Key words:
Plastic bronchitis; Flexible bronchoscopy; Child


Litter and soil play an important role in influencing hydrological processes and the global water cycle. Artificial afforestation, as a part of vegetation restoration, was constructed in the gully erosion areas of latosol with the objective to prevent erosion. Variations in the hydrological properties in soils that have undergone vegetation restoration from gully erosion are not well understood. In this study, we examine the variations in the litter thickness and mass, soil structure and porosity, and hydrological properties of four forest types (eucalyptus–grass forest, bamboo–grass forest, acacia–grass forest, and shrub–grass forest). The results show that the total litter thickness varied from 1.71 to 3.74 cm and was highest in the acacia–grass forest. The total litter mass for the acacia–grass forest, 3.49 ± 0.06 t·ha−1, was significantly higher than that for the other forest types. The mass of the undecomposed litter (UL) layer was significantly lower than that of the semi-decomposed litter (SL). (2) The maximum water-retention capacity (Wmax) and effective water-retention capacity (Weff) of the SL layer were greater than those of the UL layer. The Wmax and Weff for the acacia–grass forest were markedly larger than those of the eucalyptus–grass, bamboo–grass, and shrub–grass forests. The water absorption rates of the SL and UL layers were highest during the onset of the immersion experiment, declined exponentially with time, and declined rapidly in the first 2 h. (4) The soil bulk density ranged from 1.46 g·cm−3 to 1.54 g·cm−3, and the total porosity ranged from 32.06% to 37.13%. The soil bulk density increased with the increasing soil depth, while the total porosity decreased gradually. The soil water-holding capacity of the soil layer of 0–60 cm in the acacia–grass forest (301.76 t·ha−1) was greater than that of the other forest types. A comprehensive evaluation of the water conservation capacity by the entropy weight method showed that the water conservation capacity was greatest in the acacia–grass forest. The higher water-holding capacity of the acacia–grass forest may be more effective in enhancing rainfall interception, minimizing splash erosion, and decreasing surface runoff. Here, the results indicate that acacia–grass forest restoration can mitigate soil erosion by favoring soil and water conservation, improving the environment in the gully erosion area of latosol.


Fe-triethonolamine (Fe-TEA) complexes as mediator are well suitable for the indirect reduction of indigo.In our work,the reduction of indigo was investigated in a Fe-TEA system by cyclic voltammetry (CV).The electrocatalytic performance of four kinds of cathode materials (graphite,silver,nickel,and stainless steel) for the reduction of Fe(III)TEA was compared.Further experiments were carried out to compare the effects of operating parameters including temperature,current,concentrations of NaOH and Fe(III)-TEA.Experimental results showed that this new route was feasible for the production of water-soluble indigo.A high current efficiency (44.7%) was achieved using optimized conditions and the concentration of the Fe(III)-TEA mediator was found to be the main influence.A new indigo radical mediator was formed during electrolysis and under certain condition,the effect of this indigo radical on the current efficiency was larger than that of Fe(III)-TEA.


Earlier work with decision trees identified nonseparability as an obstacle to minimizing the conditional expected value, a measure of the risk of extreme events, by the well‐known method of averaging out and folding back. This first of two companion papers addresses the conditional expected value that is defined as the expected outcome assuming the exceedance of a threshold β, where β is preselected by the decision maker. An approach is proposed to overcome the need to evaluate all policies in order to identify the optimal policy. The approach is based on the insight that the conditional expected value is separable into two constituent elements of risk and can thus be optimized along with other objectives, including the unconditional expected value of the outcome, by using a multiobjective decision tree. An example of sequential decision making for improving highway capacity is given.


Captain Cook (1728-1779), tested the dietary theories of Lind during his second expedition in southern waters from 1772 to 1775, and found them to be sound. He kept off scurvy by this means during this great expedition, losing only one man in three years. He received medal from Royal Society for this, and still the navy hesitated. During his third and last voyage from 1776 to 1779 he sailed full north south of Pacific Ocean, and discovered Hawaiian Islands on the way. He was killed in a scuffle with the native; since they practiced cannibalism, he was presumbaly eaten.


PART I Introductory Considerations Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychological Measurement Chapter 2 Statistical Concepts, Probability, Expectations, and More PART II Classical Theory and Validity Chapter 3 Classical Test Theory Chapter 4 Validity Chapter 5 Traditional Reliability Strategies PART III Scaling Tests Chapter 6 Dimensional Scaling and Norming Chapter 7 The Normal Curve and Distributional Statistics PART IV Constructing Tests Chapter 8 Constructing Items and Exercises for Tests Chapter 9 Performance-Related Measures PART V Modern Approaches: IRT and Generalizability Theory Chapter 10 Modern Scaling with Item Response Theory Chapter 11 Modern Reliability Analysis: Generalizability Theory PART VI Analyzing Tests Chapter 12 Examining Individual Test Items and Exercises Chapter 13 Examining Whole Tests PART VII Further Testing Issues Chapter 14 Establishing Standards Chapter 15 Equivalence: Linking and Equating Chapter 16 Test Administration: Modes and Special Considerations


The purposes of the study were to determine the relationship among job stress, coping strategies, and burnout. Sample consisted of 157 nursing staffs in county general hospitals in Kenya. The data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire including Nurse Burnout Questionnaire, Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Statistical procedures used for data analysis included descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.The results showed that the level of burnout among the nursing staffs were in a low level. However, they reported moderate level of emotional exhaustion. They perceived a moderate level of job stress. For job stress nursing staffs reported moderate level of stress on workload, patients and their families, and death and dying. They reported moderate coping strategies. Nursing staffs used both problem focused and emotional focused coping strategies in a moderate level.The findings also revealed that job stress had a moderate positive significant relationship with burnout (r = .362, p < .000). There was no relationship between coping strategies and burnout.Nurse Managers and hospital administrators can use findings of this study to improve nurse work environments by considering the issue of job stress and burnout. To minimize job stress and burnout, nurse managers should focus on decreasing workload by recruitment of more nurses and shift tasking of non-nursing duties.


The stress of weaning piglets negatively affects all factors of the body. First of all, this affects the violation of nutrition and a decrease in the activity of the immune system. The use of probiotics allows to reduce the negative consequences caused by weaning from a sow. The aim of the study was to study the effect of probiotics based on Lactobacillus reuteri on the indicators of nonspecific resistance and productivity of piglets. The obtained data showed a high efficiency of the use of probiotics. In the experimental group, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased by 4.4%, the phagocytic index was 6.6% higher, and the bactericidal activity increased by 29% compared to the control group. In piglets treated with Lactobacillus reuteri, body weight increased by 9.3%, and the average daily gains in the control group increased by 15.8%. The use of probiotics in the period of stress after weaning allows you to activate the immune status.


The multiple-choice exam remains a staple for many introductory physics courses. In the past, people have graded these by hand or even flaming needles. Today, one usually grades the exams with a form scanner that utilizes optical mark recognition (OMR). Several companies provide these scanners and particular forms, such as the eponymous "Scantron." OMR scanners combine hardware and software—a scanner and OMR program—to read and grade student-filled forms.


By analyzing the PE teacher's features and the professional feature,the author has analyzed the historical and realistic causes of the low professional prestige of the middle school PE teachers and predicted the middle school PE teacher s future professional prestige on basis of the tendency of the development of our modem society.


A novel electrochemical esterification of alkynes for the synthesis of esters was developed in which diols and their derivatives were used as the partners. This method is green as it is catalyst-free, oxidant-free, and additive-free and shows atom-economy. This is the first example of an electrochemical reaction via cleavage of carbon–carbon triple bonds. Meanwhile, this is also the first example of a carbon–carbon triple bond cleavage reaction of alkynes with diols.


It is first demonstrated that a simple Morse potential can fit very well the ab initio interaction energy for both the linear H bond of the water dimer and the bifurcated arrangement in HOH‥HOCHCHOH, using simple physical properties as the parameters in the function. This energy correlates linearly with the stretching observed in the internal OH bond of the proton donor water, leading to the formulation of an analogous Morse function that can describe the latter stretch. Although simple physical parameters can be used for the linear H bond, a good fit is achieved in the bifurcated case only after the parameters are adjusted empirically. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Table of Contents Introduction I. The Origins of Paternity Leave in the Military A. The Social Value of Paternity Leave B. The Scant Legislative History of 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j) C. Inferring Rationality: Why Marital Status Was Used as a Proxy for Fatherhood 1. Cost and Administrative Ease 2. Equitable Congruence with Adoptive Leave 3. Promotion of the Marital Family II. A Constitutional Challenge to Expedite Change A. The Equal Protection Clause and the Military Context B. Discrimination on the Basis of Illegitimacy 1. Reframing 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j): The Child's Argument 2. An Overview of Illegitimacy: Cases and Theoretical Explanations 3. Applying Intermediate Scrutiny III. A Proposed Alternative Conclusion INTRODUCTION During the summer of 2015, Navy Secretary Ray Mabus made headlines by tripling the Navy's allotment of paid maternity leave. (1) Although commendable, this expansion failed to increase the Navy's paternity leave allowance, which affords new fathers only ten days of paid leave. (2) Notably, due to limitations set by Congress, those ten days were exclusively reserved for sailors married to the mothers of their newborn children. (3) Less than nine months after Secretary Mabus's announcement, Defense Secretary Ash Carter proposed sweeping changes to the parental leave policies of all United States military branches. (4) Carter's proposal called for a uniform twelve-week maternity leave and the expansion of paternity leave from ten to fourteen days. (5) Although Carter's proposal is still awaiting congressional ratification, early indications suggest his plan will do little to cure a lingering defect in the military's paternity leave policy: the use of marriage as an exclusive proxy for fatherhood. (6) In a nation where more than 40 percent of children are born out of wedlock, (7) reason demands that we critically reexamine any policy that hinders the formation of parental bonds in nonmarital families. Although ten days--or even the proposed fourteen days--of leave might seem insignificant in the greater scheme of fatherhood, the military's current paternity leave policy promulgates two troubling assumptions: (1) unmarried fathers are somehow less deserving parents than their married counterparts, and (2) non-marital children are somehow less deserving of paternal care than their "legitimate" peers. (8) This Note contends that the military's paternity leave policy, currently codified at 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j)(1), is logically flawed, potentially unconstitutional, and sorely in need of revision. Part I examines the general societal value of paternity leave, the legislative history of 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j)(1), and the faulty reasoning that likely led to the law's adoption in 2009. Part II imagines and assesses the viability of a constitutional challenge to the law on the basis of illegitimacy discrimination. Additionally, Part II demonstrates how such a challenge would call attention to the inherent shortcomings of the military's current paternity leave policy. Part III considers the implications of revising 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j)(1) and advocates for a functional modification of the law that would afford all military fathers a fairer opportunity to spend time with their newborn children. Despite its seemingly progressive aims, 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j)(1) manages to perpetuate a longstanding assumption about the insignificant role of unmarried fathers in American families and demands revision. I. THE ORIGINS OF PATERNITY LEAVE IN THE MILITARY The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 created the first codification of a uniform military paternity leave policy in the United States through its adoption of 10 U.S.C. [section] 701(j). (9) The law provides that, contingent upon approval from a serviceman's commanding officer, a serviceman may take up to ten days of paternity leave in connection with his wife giving birth. …


Assuming that the Casimir scaling hypothesis is well verified in QCD, masses of glueballs and hybrid gluelumps (gluon attached to a point-like cc̄ pair) are computed within the framework of the rotating string formalism. In our model, two gluons are attached by an adjoint string in a glueball, while the gluon and the colour octet cc̄ pair are attached by two fundamental strings in a hybrid gluelump. Masses for such exotic hadrons are computed with very few free parameters. These predictions can serve as a guide for experimental searches. In particular, the ground state glueballs lie on a Regge trajectory and the lightest 2 state has a mass compatible with some experimental candidates. PACS. 12.39.Mk Glueball and nonstandard multiquark gluon states – 12.39.Ki Relativistic quark model – 12.39.Pn Potential model


With an example of multi-point measuring temperature in spinning room, the paper introduces the structure and basic principle as well as interface technology of DS18B20 digital thermometer. The hardware design and software design for multi-dot temperature measurement by MCU and DS18B20 temperature sensor are given.


The objective of this article is to review causes of lameness lesions, lameness detection methods, factors affecting lameness, association between lameness and other economically important swine production traits, and treatment for lameness in swine breeding herds. Lameness in sows is an important welfare and economic challenge to pig producers. It has been reported to be the second most common reason for involuntary culling of sows which directly impacts sow longevity / sow productive lifetime. Factors affecting the prevalence and severity of gilt and sow lameness breeding herd are housing type, flooring type, toes / dewclaws management, genetic effect for feet and leg conformation, and nutrition especially mineral supplements. Sow preference and behavioral response to flooring type may be likewise be affected by lameness onset, duration, severity and location. To avoid unnecessary distress and associated financial losses, early treatment of lameness observed among the females in the gilt development unit and in the breeding herd is necessary. The key factors listed previously are the foundation to a proper prevalence strategy. However, this review shows that additional research is still needed, especially studies to accurately evaluate lameness lesions, examine nutrient requirements for optimum foot health, investigate genetic effects on feet and leg conformation, clearly define the supplemental vitamin or / and mineral levels and duration for usage. All of these factors may influence breeding herd lameness and may contribute to more consistent and comparable results from sow herd.