In this paper we show several results about monotone planar circuits. We show that monotone planar circuits of bounded width, with access to negated input variables, compute exactly the functions in non-uniform AC/sup 0/. This provides a striking contrast to the non-planar case, where exactly NC/sup 1/ is computed. We show that the circuit value problem for monotone planar circuits, with inputs on the outerface only, can be solved in LOGDCFL/spl sube/SC, improving a LOGCFL upper bound due to Dymond and Cook. We show that for monotone planar circuits, with inputs on the outerface only, excessive depth compared to width is useless; any function computed by a monotone planar circuit of width w with inputs on the outerface can be computed by a monotone planar circuit of width O(w) and depth w/sup O(1)/. Finally, we show that monotone planar read-once circuits, with inputs on the outerface only, can be efficiently learned using membership queries.


Most early aviation accidents were attributed to mechanical and structural problems but as engineering science progressed, most accidents became attributable to human error. Following a number of high profile accidents in the 1970s and 80s, focus was put on why crews occasionally made poor decisions and mistakes. It was noted that, although most pilots were skilful aviators, some did not get the best out of their crews. In fact, some captains were so uncompromising that crews would not intervene, even when the captain made obvious and preventable mistakes. As a result, "crew resource management" (CRM) was developed.


The problem of the degrees of freedom of an optical image in coherent light, in the presence of noise, is investigated in the case where the image is not perfectly aplanatic. In particular, we examine the case where the image of a unit (line) source at a distance x from the axis differs from the image of an axial source by a quadratic phase factor.


Background and Objectives  Benefits of adopting restrictive guidelines for erythrocyte transfusions are still controversial. The objective of this study was to verify if a very strict guideline could reduce erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants without adverse outcomes.


An electric transformer oil delivery pipe linking component is comprised of two connecting nuts, two oil pipe jointers and one dust-proofing jointer. The dust-proofing jointer is barbell shaped which is radially symmetrical; the middle axial is a circular tube; the top part of the circular tube is step shape; the outer ring of the step shape has outer screw thread; the oil pipe jointers are respectively at two sides of the dust-proofing jointer; the radial shape of the oil pipe jointer is step cylinder shape; the tail of the cylinder shape has a connecting lock for containing the circular pipe end part of the dust-proofing jointer; the outer diameter of the connecting lock matches the bottom diameter of the outer screw thread; the two connecting nuts are respectively at the outer sides of the dust-proofing jointer; the inner ring wall of the connecting nut has an inner screw thread matching the outer screw thread of the dust-proofing jointer; the outlet of the connecting nut forms an inner step after the tube sinking. The linking component can conveniently achieve the linkage among the oil pipes, which has a great sealing performance to assure the oil quality and purity of the oil delivering to the transformer. The utility model effectively enhances the oil delivery efficiency which is beneficial for eliminating t he security hidden troubles the electric facilities.


With the continuous development of college information infrastructure,traditional politics education undergoes revolutionary change,so as to utilize the convenience,initiative brought by campus information infrastructure.This thesis presents comparison between traditional politics education and politics education based on IT,then introduces a new mode of politics education using Web Information System and Management Information System,which makes contribution to the improvement and development of politics education.


Two-step recessed SiGe-S/D pMOSFET [1] has been optimized with a combination of compressive stress liner. Optimization on source and drain overlap, defect control and elevated SiGe-S/D structure are discussed experimentally. As a result of the careful optimization, record high drive current of 714 muA/mum at Vdd=1.0 V, Ioff =100 nA/mum at 24 nm gate length, is demonstrated.


A series of new cyclometalated phenylbipyridyl platinum(II) acetylide complexes was investigated for their photophysical and heavy metal binding properties. Both the absorption and emission properties of platinum(II) complexes with functionalized acetylide ligands as specific receptors for heavy metal ions can be strongly affected upon binding to specific metal ions so that they can be used as models of highly sensitive chemosensors.


The observation data of the escaped gas from ground water over the past 30 years are processed. 5 times abnormal changes derived from these data respondents to 11 earthquakes within 400 kilometer range with magnitude 5 earthquakes. The respondent rate is 45% . The reason is discussed.


Hongsan (鴻山) battle was a combat which General Choi Young (崔瑩) defeated Japanese pirates (倭寇) who invaded Geum River (錦江) basin at the Hongsan region in July 1376 (2nd year of King Woo, 禑王), which is considered as one of great military victories over the course of 40-year fight against Japanese Pirates. The battle is worthy of special mention and is also assessed as a 'Sweeping Victory (大捷).'This study briefly summarizes the background and process of development happened in Hongsan Battle and reviewes wether the battle could be really assessed as a 'Sweeping Victory' or not and wether the Taebong Mountain Fortress (胎峰山城) could be considered as valid battlefield. This study pointed out that Hongsan Battle somewhat falls short of being assessed as a Sweeping Victory (大捷) in that not only the scale of military force mobilized and military accomplishments gained during the battle are unclear but also the battle did not have any significant effects on the features of the war even after the battle. And yet, the study evaluated that Hongsan Battle still holds significant historical meaning of its own in that it lived up to desperate requirements of the time to a certain degree even though it did not make accomplishments enough to satisfy expectations. The study then examined if the recognition that the battlefield of Hongsan was Taebong Mountain Fortress is correct. This recognition was the result of establishment of Hongsan Memorial Stone (鴻山大捷碑) in the process of designating Taebong Mountain Fortress as one of the remains of historical national protection in the late 1970s, which was a hasty outcome without the support of documentary records or excavation survey. Thus, careful comparison of geographical conditions with historical records of Hongsan Battle reveals considerable discrepancies. Although it is very difficult to assert any specific region as the battlefield of Hongsan Battle given the lack of related data available, as the result of assumption based on geographical characteristics which appeared in the historical data, there is high possibility that the battlefield was actually valleys around Bihong Mountain(飛鴻山).


Direct transverse compressive test of pitch-based carbon fibers was carried out on the single filament. The carbon fibers had randomly or radially orientation textures of graphite crystallite in the cross section. Both the transverse modulus and transverse compressive strength decreased with crystallite size increasing. There is little influence of orientation texture in cross section on the transverse modulus and transverse compressive strength. Fracture behavior was also observed under a scanning electron microscope from two directions. The fracture part was limited near the contact area of the punch for randomly oriented fibers, but the fracture of radially oriented fibers tend to be extended along the fiber axis. Fragment of fractured fiber with small crystallite was smaller. The fracture path in the cross section was run through the center of cross section and the edge of contact area with punch.


Background:
 Right to Left shunting (RLS) through a PFO is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke and commonly screened in cases of ESUS. With emerging evidence linking the significance of PFO closure for reduction of recurrent stroke, there is a need for broader access to accurate, easily repeatable tools to identify high-risk patients considered for transcatheter PFO closure. The use of a Transcranial Doppler (TCD) bubble study has proven to be a valuable, non-invasive tool due to its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting and grading a PFO. In this case series, we evaluate a fully autonomous rTCD to perform bubble studies in ESUS population to assess the presence of PFOs.

 Methods:
 A total of 34 patients were diagnosed with ESUS. All patients received rTCD bubble study using the Lucid Robotic System to autonomously search, insonate and monitor bilateral Middle Cerebral Artery signals. A Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) with a bubble was completed in 29 of 34 patients. A Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) with a bubble was completed in 5 of 34 patients. All studies were performed at rest and with a Valsalva maneuver. Some patients were selected for an rTCD bubble after a positive TTE bubble study.

 Results:
 A PFO was detected in 65% (22 of 34) of the patient population. Both rTCD and TTE were performed in 19 of 22 patients. We identified 9 patients (47%) that had a positive rTCD bubble study which went undetected by a TTE bubble study. In these 9 patients, 56% had an ICC grade 3, 33% had grade 2, and 11% had grade 1 shunt.

 Conclusion:
 The high sensitivity and specificity of a TCD bubble study for the detection of a PFO provide a valuable, underutilized tool to accurately screen for high-risk patients benefiting from a PFO closure. This is highlighted by the 9 patients where a PFO went undetected by a TTE. The implementation of a fully autonomous rTCD allowed for broader access to perform TCD bubble studies, resulting in greater patient management and workflow efficiency. With the small number of patients in this case series, further research is recommended.


To tackle the difficulty of choosing extension transformation availably and the problem of adjusting parameters that can't reach what it is needed in iterated function system with agglomeration,a novel approach to realizing several rows of fractal trees is proposed using pseudo-affine transformation.The fractal pseudo-affine transformation instead of the extension transformation is taken advantaged.Desirable results by adjusting parameters are obtained.What's more,the fractal trees generated in this way are rendered to raise the sense of reality.The experiment indicates that algorithm of presented method is simpler,operation is more flexible,and simulation result is better than traditional method which is iterated function system with agglomeration.


Taking the sub-basin region of water resource in the Liao River Basin as research area, land use data of the Liao River Basin in 1980 and 2000 were used to set up conversion matrix of each sub-basin region on GIS platform, and the temporal-spatial change characteristics of land use in the Liao River Basin was analyzed quantitatively. The results shows that farmland, woodland and grassland play a dominant role in the study area; During the period of 1980-2000, the main forms of land use conversion in the whole basin were the conversion from grassland and woodland to farmland, and in the Mainstream Liao River region and Huntai river region the conversion trend from farmland to construction land was obvious; The land use change in the West Liao River region and mainstream Liao River region made a significant contribution to the land use change of the Liao River Basin. Key words-Land use change; GIS; Liao River Basin Land use and cover change (LUCC) is closely related to the global environmental change, social production and lives (Wang et al., 2008). It not only brings great change of surface landscape structure, but also influences on material cycle and energy flow in the landscape level, and has a great impact on regional biodiversity and ecological process (Pan and Liu, 2005). In addition to that, LUCC has a direct effect to regional environment, for instance, soil erosion, land salinization, and water eutrophication (Yu et al., 2002). In 1995, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme (HDP) initiated a joint project of land use and cover change (LUCC) (Turner et al., 1995), which has developed into the core of the global change research in the following years (Lambin et al., 2001; Hou and Cai, 2004; Currit and Easterling, 2008). As an important aspect of LUCC study (Li, 1996; Gao et al., 2001), dynamic monitoring is also used to analyze and assess land use and cover dynamic change at different scales, and can also provide basic information for studies on driving mechanism and resources environmental effects of LUCC, thus has been of significant importance in regional land use planning, biodiversity maintenance, and water resource protection (Pelorosso et al., 2001). Recently, the 3S (GIS, RS and GPS) techniques were integrated into LUCC research to reveal its temporal-spatial change regularities. Liu and Li (2007) analyzed the LUCC on watershed scale in six periods from 1954 to 2005 with the aid of RS and GIS techniques, and the effects of LUCC to Honghe Nature Reserve wetlands landscape has been studied systematically. Zhang et al. (2008) analyzed regional variation and spatial distribution features of LUCC in Nanman Banner of Inner Mongolia based on the four TM images of 1975, 1985, 1995 and 2005. Lowicki (2008) analyzed change area of agriculture land, forest land and settlement in the region of Wielkopolska(Poland) on GIS platform based on the data from satellite images, aerial photographs and land registers from 1989 to 2005. In general, current studies mostly focused on the LUCC characteristics from the aspect of time series, and less attention were paid to the change discrepancy from the difference of natural condition, economic level, intensity of human activities. in different regions. Liao River Basin is one of the seven greatest water systems in China. With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, land use and cover of it have been significantly changed. But at present there are no systematic quantitative researches into these changes. This paper quantitatively analyzed the temporal change characteristics of land use from 1980 to 2000 in each sub-region of the Liao River Basin, and compared the discrepancy of land use change in each region to find out temporal-spatial change characteristics of land use, as well as to supply scientific evidence for land use planning and management in watershed scale. I. STUDY AREA The Liao River Basin is located in the northeastern China across provinces Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with the east longitude of 116°30′-125°47′, north latitude of 30°43′-45° and the basin area of 21.9×10km. It belongs to the continental monsoon climate area of temperate, warm-temperate and semi-humid zone, where annual average temperature is 4-9°C and annual average precipitation is between 350 and 1000mm and the precipitation from June to September accounts for more than 70% of annual precipitation; Natural flora distributes in three vegetation regions of Long White, North China and Inner Mongolia, and has distinct characters of transition and hybridity. The Liao River Basin consists of two water systems named Liao River and Huntai River, the lengths of 978-1-4244-2902-8/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE 1 which are 1394km and 415.4km, respectively. According to the Master Water Resource Planning of the Liao River Basin, Liao River Basin is divided into four sub-basin regions, that is, the East Liao River region, West Liao River region, mainstream Liao River region and Huntai River region. II. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. Data Source and Basic Processing The 1:100,000 land use data of the Liao River Basin in 1980 and 2000 were derived from the Landsat TM images. In terms of the research purpose and basic data, landscape elements of the Liao River Basin were classified into six types, i.e., farmland, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land (urban and rural industrial and mining land, residential land) and unutilized land. With the graphic editing and spatial analysis functions of GIS, based on the vector data of water resource regions in the Liao River Basin, the land use map and attribute database of sub-basin regions in 1980 and 2000 were extracted. All the layers were stored in vector format, where information is defined by points, lines or polygons, and using Asia Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate systems as uniform map projection. B. Land Use Conversion Matrix Using the spatial analysis functions of GIS, land use maps of each sub-basin region in 1980 and 2000 were overlaid on ArcGis9.0 platform to obtain land use-change maps of each region. Then land use conversion matrixes from 1980 to 2000 of each sub-basin region were established in accordance with the attribute fields (Tables I-IV). With the aid of conversion matrix, the internal changes of every land use type were analyzed to reflect the dynamic change process of land use in each sub-basin region. Taking relative change rate (Liu et al., 2007) to represent the extent to which land use type changed in the ( 1 k + )th period compared with the k th period:


Abstract In this work we study the stability of a basic formulation of epoxy resin / hardener modified with xylene as diluent and with several pigments to the chemical attack.


For over 20 years NASA has struggled to find an explanation to the Pioneer anomaly. Now it becomes clear the solution to the riddle is that they have uncovered evidence that c, the speed of light, is not quite a universal constant. Using straightforward Newtonian mechanics NASA's measurements provide compelling evidence that the speed of light depends on the inverse of the square root of the gravitational energy density of space. The magnitude of the Pioneer anomalous acceleration leads to the value of the primordial energy density of space due to faraway stars and galaxies: 1.0838. x 10 15 Joule/m 3 . A value which almost miraculously coincides with the same quantity: 1.09429 x 10 15 Joule/m 3 derived by J. C. Cure from a completely different phenomenon: the bending of starlight during solar eclipses.


The dynamic mathematical mode is established by the application of force balance equation and the flow of continuous equation.And the MATLAB software is used for its simulation analysis.Basis of the performance evaluation and parameter optimization for the pilot-acting spillover valve is thus provided.


The invention discloses a method for determining related substances by utilizing high performance liquid chromatography in febuxostat synthesis process and belongs to the field of chromatographic analysis. According to the method, octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica gel is taken as the chromatographic column packing, a mixed solvent gradient elution taking organic phase and organic acid solution as aqueous phase serves as mobile phase, wherein the organic phase is acetonitrile or methanol; and the organic acid solution is formic acid solution with the volume percent of 0.1%-0.8% or acetic acid solution with the volume percent of 0.1%-0.8%. Compared with the prior art, the method for determining related substances by utilizing high performance liquid chromatography in febuxostat synthesis process has the characteristics of high analysis sensitiveness, accurate and reliable results and the like, and has good popularization and application values in the quality control field of febuxostat.


The lithium ionic
conductingLa0.45Ce0.1Li0.27TiO3 has been synthesized by sol-gel method. This solid is the result of substitutional doping with Ce(IV) in La0.45Ce0.1Li0.27TiO3 compound. The aim of the replacement of La(III) by Ce(IV) is increase the number of vacancies in the structure and favors the ionic mobility. Structural characterization shows that the obtained material have the expected tetragonal P4/mmm perovskite structure. Chemical analysis shows that composition was homogeneus in all the sample. The bulk conductivity measured at room temperature is about the same as previously reported for its related lanthanum lithium titanate. However, the lower activation energy for ionic conduction encourages further searching for better conductors in this system.


With development of urban wastewater treatment,the environmental impact assessment of urban wastewater disposal has played key role in wastewater disposal project construction process.Some problems concerned in environmental impact assessment of urban wastewater disposal plants are discussed,and relevant measures of treatment are put forward.


to digitize for the CLIR BHL Field Notes Project: field books from the Whitney South Sea Expedition and the Archbold Expeditions. These were two long-running undertakings to systematically explore and collect the flora and fauna of Oceania. Both contributed invaluable specimens to the scientific research and exhibition collections at AMNH. We recently completed digitization of the Whitney South Sea Expedition field notes and are thrilled to have commenced work on the Archbold material. Arguably, the most rewarding aspe Research Library | Digital Repository


In wireless LANs (WLANs), a power-hungry transceiver is used for both the control (carrier sense) and data exchanges. As a result, when many nodes contend to access a same channel, the WLAN transceiver performs carrier sense during most time, which wastes much energy. To solve this problem, we study separating the control and data operations in WLANs, by tightly integrating a lower power wake-up radio (WuR) with the WLAN module. Specifically, the WuR is used to monitor the channel and conduct carrier sense. It activates the WLAN module for actual transmissions when the channel gets ready. This is a contention-based self wake-up, which is different from previous schemes where a specific receiver is remotely activated. Due to the hardware constraint, a WLAN module is susceptible to a non-negligible wake-up latency. Our analysis shows that this wake-up latency may break the carrier sense mechanism and lead to false wake-up events. Then, we propose to recover the carrier sense mechanism by resetting the backoff counter of a falsely activated node in a way as if it is frozen in the wake-up period. Simulation evaluations confirm that the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the impact of wake-up latency by reducing the duty time of WLAN modules.


-. Many reports have shown that extracellular peroxidases and laccases oxidize persistent organic pollutants. In this study, the ligninolitic activities of selected strains were determined in a nitrogen-sufficient liquid medium. In order to determine the effect of temperature on ligninolytic activities, selected white rot fungi were incubated at different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30PPC). The activities of manganese peroxidase and laccase were determined but no lignin peroxidase was detected for all strains. Significant differences were revealed among strains of the same species. The maximum laccase and manganese peroxidase activity was obtained by Pleurotus ostreatus sp.3 attaining 27.8 and 26 U/l after 11 and 13 days of cultivation at 30PPC. Key-Words: Ligninolytic enzymes, White rot fungi, Peroxidases, Lignin peroxidase, Manganese peroxidase, Laccase.


1. The cyclic changes in the epithelial as well as connective tissue structures of the uterus during heat preceding copulation and the changes following copulation are described; the influence of polynuclear leucocytes in these changes is shown. The latter are present during the first two days following copulation. The decidual cells originate from the connective tissue cells of the mucosa.Various periods of the sexual cycle are characterized through the shape and mitotic proliferation of various epithelial and of the connective tissue cells. From the sixth to the twelfth day after ovulation mitoses are usually absent in the epithelial structures; afterwards they begin to reappear, from the eighth day on to the end of the sexual cycle mitoses are absent in the connective tissue.2. As long as the corpora lutea functionate, the presence of mature follicles in the ovaries does not produce those changes in the uterine mucosa which are characteristic of the period of heat.3. During pregnancy the structure of t...


Today, trust plays a central role in services in distributed environments. Conventionally deployed trust has been based on static framework in which a server responds to a service request under statically determined policies. However, in accordance with evolution of distributed environments empowered with IoT and federated access mechanisms, dynamic behavior must be analyzed and taken into service provision, which conventional trust cannot properly handle. In this paper, we propose an extension of PDP (Policy Decision Point) in which assertions together with service requests are evaluated. Furthermore, the evaluation may be dynamically configured in dynamically evolving trust environment. We propose an elastic trust model in view of dynamic trust environment. This enables intuitionistic modeling of typical concrete elastic distributed services. key words: internet trust, policy decision point (PDP), assertion exchange


25 cases of bilateral vasectomy were studied to determine the period of time in which the subjects became azospermic after the operation. There were 2 cases requiring over 90 days for azospermia to occur 1 case requiring less than 9 days and the mode was 20 to 39 days (13 cases.). The vasectomy procedure and technique is described and individual sperm count variations and onset of azospermia is discussed. Contraceptive precautions are recommended until azospermia is confirmed.


SummaryThe clinical and bacteriological features of the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome in two males are discussed. Typical skin lesions provided the clue for diagnosis. There were neither signs nor symptoms of urethritis in both men, although Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from the urethra in one case. Infection followed oro-genital contact in both cases. Gonococci were cultured from the throat in both patients and from the blood in one case. The isolates of both patients were highly susceptible to penicillin.Characteristics of this syndrome are discussed, together with recent aspects of its pathogenesis.


In one and the same edition of the American TV Guide, two articles appeared concerning television and violence. They were titled does TV violence really affect viewers? and does TV violence really affect viewers? no!


Objective To understand impacts of dining of patients with hepatocirrhosis on their portal venous flow (PVF), superior mesenteric venous flow (SMVF) and splenic venous flow (SVF) through ultrasonic examination.Methods Blood flow rate and intravascular diameter of patients' PV, SMV and SV before meals, 30、60、90 and 120 minutes after meals were measured and volume of blood flow/kilogram (body weight) was calculated.Results Before meals: SVF of people with hepatocirrhosis increased obviously compared with control group (P0.05). SMVF+SVF of control group were lower than PVF and higher for people with hepatocirrhosis. Also SMVF+SVF for people with hepatocirrhosis were higher than those of control group. After meals: PVF and SMVF measured within 90 minutes after meals for both hepatocirrhosis group and control group increased evidently (P0.05). SMVF+SVF of control group was lower than PVF while much higher than SVF for patients with hepatocirrhosis after meals (P0.05).Conclusion There is portal systemic shunt in extrahepatic portal system before meals for patients with hepatocirrhosis. Due to increase of SMVF after meals, more portal blood enters systemic circulation through collateral circulation which leads to increase of blood in collateral circulation. So we think increase of blood in collateral circulation caused by dining of patients with hepatocirrhosis is very important for prevention and treatment of variceal haemorrahage in cirrhosis.


A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, root yield and nutrient uptake pattern in satavari in semi-arid tropical climate. Results revealed that combined application of vermicompost (5 t ha−1) + inorganic fertilizers NPK (50:25:25 kg ha−1) significantly increased the height of the plant, root yield and nutrient uptake and soil microbial load as compared to control. The root yield increased by 68.19% with which clearly indicated that 50% inorganic fertilizer can be supplemented with organic fertilizer without any yield loss of satavari. Similarly nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) contents of the plant except phosphorus (P) have also increased.


In this paper, we will analysis embedding between torus and interconnection networks HFN(n,n), HCN(n,n). First, we will prove that torus can be embedded into HFN(n,n) with dilation 3, congestion 4 and the average dilation is less than 2. And we will show that torus can be embedded into HCN(n,n) with dilation 3 and the average dilation is less than 2. Also, we will prove that interconnection networks HFN(n,n) and HCN(n,n) can be embedded into torus with dilation O(n). These results mean so many developed algorithms in torus can be used efficiently in HFN(n,n) and HCN(n,n).


Background: PRS-344/S095012 is a novel 4-1BB (CD137) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) bispecific antibody-Anticalin® fusion protein (MabcalinTM protein) designed to cluster 4-1BB on activated T cells exclusively in the presence of PD-L1 expressing cells. We aimed to study PRS-344/S095012 in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics with 89Zr-positron emission tomography (PET) at a dose with antitumoral activity in mice and evaluate the contribution of each targeting arm.
 Methods: PRS-344/S095012 lacks cross-reactivity to murine 4-1BB and PD-L1. To explore the PRS-344/S095012 biodistribution in a humanized 4-1BB knock-in mouse model, we synthesized the surrogate 89Zr-Atezo-J10 with the same 4-1BB building block and cross-reactivity to murine PD-L1. Humanized 4-1BB knock-in C57BL/6J (h4-1BB KI B6) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice (n=4-6 per group) were subcutaneously engrafted with murine wildtype MC38 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Tumors were grown to a minimum of ≥50 mm3 (average 163 mm3) before tracer injection. Mice received intravenously 30 µg (2.5 MBq) of 89Zr-PRS-344/S095012 or 89Zr-Atezo-J10 supplemented with PRS-344/S095012 or Atezo-J10 up to 10 mg/kg. Four mice groups were formed to distinguish between bispecific (Atezo-J10 in h4-1BB KI B6), monospecific PD-L1 (Atezo-J10 in B6), monospecific 4-1BB (PRS-344/S095012 in h4-1BB KI B6), and isotype (PRS-344/S095012 in B6) binding up to 4 days post-injection (pi). In addition, a fifth group (5 MBq 89Zr-Atezo-J10) was studied to visualize the bispecific biodistribution up to 7 days pi. At days 1, 2, 4, or 2, 4, 7 pi, mice underwent serial PET imaging to obtain mean and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmean/max) and retro-orbital blood sampling, followed by ex vivo biodistribution.
 Results: PET imaging showed 89Zr-Atezo-J10 specific tumor accumulation with higher tumor-to-blood ratios of respectively 2.2-, 2.6-, and 2.4-fold (p<0.01) at 4 days pi compared to monospecific binding of PD-L1, 4-1BB, and isotype. The ex vivo biodistribution demonstrated the same trend with respectively 4.2-, 5.5-, and 6.8-fold (p<0.01) increase in tumor-to-blood uptake for 89Zr-Atezo-J10 versus monospecific binding of PD-L1, 4-1BB, and isotype
 89Zr-Atezo-J10 spleen uptake was comparable (ns) with monospecific binding of PD-L1 but elevated (p<0.01) compared to 4-1BB or isotype distribution. The uptake in lymph nodes (axillary, cervical, tumor-draining, and mesenteric) did not differ between the groups.
 Conclusion: 89Zr-Atezo-J10 specific accumulation in PD-L1 expressing tumors is due to both PD-L1 and 4-1BB binding and is higher than with PD-L1 and 4-1BB mono-targeting. This preclinical study supports the clinical evaluation of 89Zr-PRS-344/S095012's whole-body distribution and the development of tumor-specific 4-1BB targeting bispecifics.
 Citation Format: Claudia A. van Winkel, Xiaoyu Fan, Danique Giesen, Glenn Gauderat, Lucia Pattarini, Thomas Jaquin, Anissa Barakat, Anne-Marie De La Bigne, Marleen Richter, Nicole Andersen, Julie Legrand, Helene Lelièvre, Elisabeth G. de Vries, Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Marjolijn N. Lub- de Hooge. Assessment of target-mediated biodistribution of an 89Zr labeled PD-L1/4-1BB bispecific Mabcalin protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3579.


Electrochemical Honing (ECH) is a process of precision finishing of functional surfaces with the use of the electrical and mechanical energy. It is reported that the 90 percent of the material is removed by electrochemical machining (ECM) process and remaining 10 percent by mechanical scrubbing, which shows the electrical energy is the main constituent in the ECH process. Basically, electrical energy is combined with chemical to form an electrolysis dissolution to remove material from the workpiece surface. This work presents a study for the factors affecting the electrochemical honing of SS-316 turned surfaces, especially the processing time and electrolyte composition. The percentage improvement in surface roughness (Ra, Rt) and out-of-roundness (OOR) as a monitored output of ECH were determined. The results are finally furnished with the aim to generalize a useful guideline for the user to enable proper selection of conditions for obtaining good surface quality.


Davis leaves Ma in front of the set and crosses to the kitchen. Last week's Christmas decorations, green tinsel and miniature Santas, are sticky-taped across the window. A wreath hangs on the screen door, tied with gold-coated string. A plastic tree on the kitchen bar inclines sideways as if cocking an ear weighed down by polystyrene earrings. Beside 'It's All Right To Cry' is another leaflet with a checklist of funeral options: cremation, burial, hymns, readings, eulogy, pallbearers, surprising how far down the page the list runs. Some boxes are filled with Ian Bertrand's experienced tick, a pest that has insinuated itself from margins and markings and summary comments into their family life like an introduced weed.


This 54-year-old man underlying ankylosing spondylitis suffered from double spinal cord injuries with traumatic C6/7 dislocation and a neglected L1 vertebral body fracture which progressed to transverse fracture three weeks after the injury, acting as a powerful precipitant to autonomic dysreflexia. The dysreflexic symptoms happened at least three times when he practiced sitting during mat exercise and ameliorated soon by virtue of lying down. Compared with the previous record checked three weeks ago, neurologic examination revealed alteration of sensory level and loss of deep anal sensation. The patient received L1 laminectomy as well as T12 and L2 transpedicle screws fixation, but L1 vertebral body was collapsed one month after the operation. In the second operation, T11-L3 pedicle screws fixation with cross links and L1 intrabody bone autografts were performed. After that, the dysreflexic symptoms were relieved. To our knowledge, there are not many case reports describing that the instability of spine may trigger autonomic dysreflexia. Therefore, as posture induced autonomic dysreflexia or new neurological deficits occur in high level SCI, the differential diagnosis may include a second spine lesion that causes unstable spine.


Mixing super water sbsorption,bi-component fiber and viscose fiber according to different ratio and carding them to form super water absorption nonwovens by thermal bonding process.Through testing material proformance,super water-absorption fiber mixing ratio and influence of production process to nonwovens performance are explored in the paper.


A processing unit calculates first displacement related information concerning a first direction of an object to be measured by using data in either one of an increase period and a decrease period of a force applied to the objected to be measured, among first received data received by a first ultrasonic probe. In addition, the processing unit calculates second displacement related information concerning a second direction of the object to be measured by using data in the same period as that used to calculate the first displacement related information, among second received data received by a second ultrasonic probe.


The aim of this study was to investigate sound records management in Nairobi City County (N.C.C) in enhancing service delivery with the intention of making recommendations. The theoretical foundation for the study was based on systems theory. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The target population of the study included all the 22 records clerks in the various departments of Nairobi City County as well as the records manager. A census approach was used to select all the 22 records clerks staff while purposive sampling technique was used to select the records manager. The data collection tools were self-administered questionnaire and interview. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. Qualitative data was organized into broad themes and the content reported in a narrative form. The researcher collected from the respondents all the questionnaires which translated to a return rate of 100%. The results of the study established that although N.C.C had a records management policy, it was rarely complied with and there was no mechanism in place to monitor the staffs' compliance with it. The policy had also not been reviewed since its formulation. The study recommended that the records manager should establish a mechanism through which the records management policy can be complied with by the personnel. Key Terms: Disposal, Document, Electronic record, Integrity, Preservation, Record, Records management, Records management policy, Records security, Records system


Handpiece or other housing placeable reflection device for directing a laser beam toward the treatment area, substrate and a first layer above the substrate, the second above the first layer and a layer lacks reflective dielectric layer. The second layer may have a hardness of at least about 120 Knoop, a combination of transmission and reflection properties of the first layer and the second inside layer, the reflection of light wavelengths ranging from about 380nm~ about 12,000nm it is possible to provide. Reflection device according to other structures are also described.


Abstract : Biosynthesis of the neuroactive steroids pregnenolone sulfate (▵5PS) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is catalyzed by the enzyme hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST), which transfers the sulfonate moiety from 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′ ‐phosphosulfate (PAPS) on thye 3‐hydroxy site of steroids. Although high concentrations of ▵5PS and DHEAS have been detected in the rat brain, the anatomical localization of HST in the CNS has never been determined. Using an antiserum against rat liver HST, we have investigated the distribution of HST‐like Immunoreactivity in the CNS of the frog Rana ridibunda. Two populations of HST‐immunoreactive neurons were observed in the hypothalamus, and several bundless of positive nerves fibers were visualized in the telencephalon and diencephalon. lncubation of frog brain homogenates with [35S]PAPS and [3H] pregnenolone yielded the formation of several 3H, 35S‐labeled compounds, including ▵5PS and testosterone sulfate. When [3] dehydroepiandrosterone and [35S]PAPS were used as precursors, one of the 3H, 35S‐labeled metabolities coeluted with DHEAS. Neosynthesis of [3H]▵5PS and [3H]DHEAS was reduced significantly by 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐nitrophenol, a specific inhibitor of sulfotransferases. The present study provides the first immunocytochemical mapping of HSt in the brain. Our data also demonstrate for the first time that biopsynthesis of the highly poten neuroactive steroids ▵5PS and DHEAS occurs in the CNS of nonmammalian vertebrates.


As the core component of the automobile braking system, brake pads have a complex structure and high failure rate. Their accurate and effective state monitoring can help to evaluate the safety performance of brake pads and avoid accidents caused by brake failure. The wear process of automobile brake pads is a gradual, nonlinear, and non-stationary time-varying system, and it is difficult to extract its features. Therefore, this paper proposes a CNN-LSTM brake pad wear state monitoring method. This method uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to complete the deep mining of brake pad wear characteristics and realize data dimensionality reduction, and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to capture the time dependence of the brake pad wear sequence, so as to construct the nonlinear mapping relationship between brake pad wear characteristics and brake pad wear values. At the same time, the artificial Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO) algorithm is used to perform multi-objective optimization of the network structure parameters in the CNN-LSTM model, and its powerful global search ability improves the monitoring effect of the brake pad wear status. The results show that the CNN-LSTM model based on GTO multi-objective optimization can effectively monitor the wear state of brake pads, and its coefficient of determination R2 value is 0.9944, the root mean square error RMSE value is 0.0023, and the mean absolute error MAE value is 0.0017. Compared with the BP model, CNN model, LSTM model, and CNN-LSTM model, the value of the coefficient of determination R2 is the closest to 1, which is increased by 8.29%, 5.52%, 4.47%, 3.30%, respectively, which can more effectively realize the monitoring and intelligent early warning of the brake pad wear state.


The formation of tracheal stomas and insertion of tracheostomy tubes is increasing in frequency. Although tracheostomy tube displacement is uncommon, the associated mortality is high. This is because rapid intervention is required, management is often difficult and even specialists in airway management often have limited experience with tracheostomized patients. Anyone caring for a patient with a tracheostomy should be aware of the clinical presentation of tracheostomy tube displacement and be able to manage it rapidly. This review describes the application of fundamental principles of airway management to tracheostomy tube displacement to reinforce its similarity to most other airway emergencies. The first and most important question is: Does the airway need to be re-secured? If so can the tracheostomy be reinserted easily? Assessment of the patient's upper airway must determine whether translaryngeal oxygenation and endotracheal intubation are possible. Information about the other factors that influence management can be obtained from the medical records about the formation of the tracheal stoma. Even airway specialists find it challenging to acquire and process this information to formulate an appropriate management plan, off the cuff, in the heat of the moment. Hence, multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies recommend that this information be displayed on posters at the bedside. This poster should also be accompanied by a written plan for emergency orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy replacement in the event of an airway emergency. All the equipment required to execute these plans should be immediately available at the bedside.


A wireless patient monitoring system involves remote supervision of sensitive patients by wirelessly transmitting patient information to distant locations, especially in pandemic situations like COVID-19. Li-fi-based communication protocol is used in healthcare which helps in reducing the challenges faced by medical professionals in effectively monitoring multiple patients as well as average persons in public places. Due to COVID-19, doctors/healthcare workers are compelled to work with infected patients. This proposed technique lets them observe patients without being on their bedside, whether in the hospital or at home. This device can also be installed in public places to detect the abnormal and symptomatic persons who are affected by COVID-19. It is used to monitor patient health, ranging from heart rate, body temperature, ECG, breathing, non-invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation, etc. Wireless patient monitoring using li-fi eliminates national therapy barriers. Thus, a li-fi-based patient monitoring system will lead to a significant role in Healthcare services. The radiation-free device shall be implemented in all the industries to find the COVID-19-affected persons easily.


It provides a method for the treatment of water containing both anionic and cationic species. The method comprises the following steps. Essentially continuously circulating water in a closed loop incorporating an ion adsorption unit containing a water-permeable layer of ion adsorption material, supplying an aqueous solution containing an anion and cation species essentially closed loop , while continuously passing in ion adsorption material in the ion adsorption unit circulating water comprising an aqueous solution containing ions and cationic species, by applying a potential across the thickness of the layer ion-adsorbing material, the separated ionic species from the ion adsorption unit further concentrated aqueous solution was removed, the aqueous solutions from the ion adsorption unit is continuously discharged, the more concentrated solution of the other ionic species by reaction ion species in the reaction unit to form a water-insoluble solid material continuously passed through, the eluate from the reaction unit is recycled to the ion adsorption unit, and if necessary, in a closed loop reactor Add the amount of water corresponding to the amount of the aqueous solution to be removed from the unit. .FIELD 1


It is known that the uridine‐diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28 polymorphism reduces UGT1A1 enzyme activity, which may lead to severe toxicities in patients who receive irinotecan. This study was conducted to assess the influence of this polymorphism on the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan treatment in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC).


The possible CKFTA framework is a major way to promote the facilitation of the bilateral trade between China and Korea.The both sides have taken a series of initiatives,such as simplified customs clearance procedures,e-commerce and so on,to accelerate the bilateral trade facilitation.At present,China's progress trade facilitation is slightly lower than that of Korea.With the possible CKFTA talks,trade facilitation and cooperation between the two countries have developed.Meanwhile,the two countries are also facing challenges such as the pressure of opening the domestic market to some sensitive products,and their bilateral trade is susceptible to the changing political situation.It is of great significance to deepen the Sino-Korea trade facilitation cooperation and to promote the level of bilateral trade facilitation.The two parties can have cooperation in such areas as trade procedures,dispute settlement mechanism,the verification of origin and mutual customs assistance.


Our research began in 2007 as a part of the activities of 'Good Practice' for Education of Engineers in cooperation with the UMICNEA, that is, "Union of Machinery Industrial Cities in North-East Asia". Through our study, we found it necessary to acquire the knowledge of 'Fish Breeding Forest' when developing and preserving the area of North-East Asia, where the river Amur plays an important role for sustaining the environment of this region. We made the research of the origin of the river Amur, named 'the river Onon', located in the area of 'Strictly Protected Area' in Mongolia by the agreement of Mongolia, Russia, and China in 2005. We plan to make it clear that future engineers should find a good way of cooperation through English as a communication tool for the purpose of playing an active part together.


work suggesting that late onset diabetes in fact has the greater genetic component. The chapter on genetic linkage succeeds admirably in dispelling much of the unnecessary complication which has deterred many ordinary investigators from work in this field; lod scores appear almost simple, and a full table of them is given in an appendix. A crucial chapter introduces the valuable concept of the Bayesian approach to estimation of genetic risks, with clear examples of its use in X-linked and late onset dominant disorders. The importance of utilising risks appropriate to specific levels of carrier tests within the normal range is also discussed, though unfortunately an attempt is made to bring this into a cumbersome overall formula. The final chapters are epidemiological in their approach. The methods and some of the pitfalls in searching for associations between genetic markers and diseases are outlined with emphasis on the HLA system and its associations, and on problems of significance levels when using multiple variables; useful tables of the main blood group and HLA associations are given. Another valuable chapter compares the various approaches to analysis for a birth order or parental age effect and also stresses the importance and difficulty ofproviding comparable control data, giving useful tabular data extracted from the Registrar General's tables. The last section, on changes in disease frequency, returns to classical epidemiology and gives clear examples of testing for frequency fluctuations and cyclical trends in congenital malformations. The use of CUSUM methods and Hewitts non-parametric method are particularly clearly illustrated. The only general criticism that can be held against this valuable book is that a number of formulae are given without being clearly derived; this is perhaps inevitable in a book of this compactness, and it is surprising how fully the author has managed to treat most of the subjects in a small space. Though the price may seem high in relation to the number of pages, it is fully worth it, as this is a book which workers in medical genetics will not only wish to read thoroughly, but to use repeatedly for a wide variety of data. PETER S. HARPER


In the last decade endobronchial ultrasound with real-time guided needle aspiration (EBUS-NA) has been recognized worldwide as a tool with remarkable impact on routine clinical practice. In the present review article, we focus on specific disease-related features of EBUS-NA, including diagnosis and staging of thoracic malignancies, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and its role in the evaluation of isolated enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. We also address some less common conditions and discuss emerging and future developments in EBUS technique.


With the development and change of the current anti-corruption struggle,the family has become the important position under the struggles between corruption and anti-corruption.It is necessary to establish and improve family supervision system that conforms to prevent corruption.The "three-wide"supervision system is to adhere to the people-oriented principle,rely on the masses of the non-party supervision system and strengthen the supervision for present leaders.This 3-W system has great significance to improve the party's anti-corruption level,maintain the party's purity and consolidate the ruling status of the party.


Serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin levels were measured in 32 infected infants and children and 22 infants and children suffering from anemia due to iron deficiency, and consequently, the followings were obtained. The values of serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity and transferrin levels a t the acute stage of inin normal infants and children: at the stage of recovery, however, the values showed an increasing tendency. In the infants and children suffering from anemia due to iron deficiency, the value of serum iron was 69% lower than the mean value of that in normal infants and children: the values of unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin levels increased by 41%, 8%, and 18%, fection were respectively lower by 41 %, 1 1 %, 21 YO and 35% than the r ~ ~ a n values of those respectively.


In this study children with acute leukemia were evaluated for the incidence and sites of infection, correlation with absolute neutrophil count, causative organisms and to standardize the initial empirical anti microbial therapy as per culture sensitivity pattern. A total 40 children in the age group 6 month to 12 year with acute leukemia relapse were included in this study. A total 82 infectious episodes including 61 febrile episodes were investigated for infectious etiology. We found that the frequency of infections increased significantly with the degree of immunocompromisation specially neutropenia (ANC < 500/cmm). The skin and soft tissue was the commonest site of infection (26.83%), followed by respiratory tract (21.95%). Staphylococcus nonhemolytic coagulase-negative (34%), followed by Klebsiella (17%) were the most common organisms isolated from blood. Staphylococcus non-hemolytic coagulase-negative was also the commonest isolate (26%) from other sites of infection. Most strains were sensitive to Cloxacillin, cephalosporin and aminoglycosides. For the treatment of febrile episodes, empirical use of beta-lactamase resistant penicillin e.g. Cloxacillin or cephalosporin combined with an aminoglycosides with a broad spectrum antifungal like fluconazole in selective cases at the first sign of infection is recommended.


AbstractIn geotechnical practice, it is important to quantify the response of laterally loaded piles in layered soil systems. In this paper, semianalytical solutions were developed to assess the static behavior of vertical piles embedded in multiple-layered soil systems and subjected to lateral loads. The behavior of the surrounding soil was idealized as an elastic-perfectly plastic model. The basic idea of the subgrade reaction theory was used to obtain the governing differential equations in terms of pile lateral deflection. Combining with continuity conditions at the adjacent pile segments, the response of the whole pile was expressed through the deflections and lateral forces at the pile head in a matrix form. The validation of the proposed solutions was verified by other theoretical solutions and measured data. The layering effect of subgrade soils on the response of the laterally loaded pile was also discussed.


Osteoporosis is a frequent bone disease that mainly affects women after menopause. It is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and a deterioration of the micro-architecture which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. Ultrasound technologies provide an affordable mean to implement non invasive solutions to diagnostically assess the characteristics of the bone structure. In this work, we are interested in the evaluation of the thickness of cortical bone using the topological energy method, in conjunction with a sparse signal approximation. The method has been adapted to the inspection of the femoral neck in a numerical simulation study. Through a 2D numerical experiment, we show that it is possible to obtain an image of the external and internal interfaces of the bone, as well as a local estimation of the i cortical thickness. These two properties are important to interpret the measurements of guided waves dispersion curves. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first ultrasound application of the topological energy method in the medical field.


In this paper, we implemented e-learning contents for understanding several concepts of fuzzy logic controllers (FLC). The proposed contents, which are implemented by Java Applets, create a different type of learning environments in engineering education. We are focusing our initial efforts on our introductory fuzzy logic control theory for the reinforcement of undergraduate teaching, which is taken by most undergraduate engineering students. The proposed contents for FLC are implemented to describe the overall process of actual FLC, so the learners can understand easily the overall process of FLC. The learners can make virtual experiments on FLC by clicking on some buttons or filling out some text fields. The virtual experiments are comprised of four principal components: a fuzzifier, a fuzzy rule base, an inference engine, and a defuzzifier. Since each component is designed as each frame and data transmission is achieved from one frame to other frames, they can easily observe and understand all process of FLC.


The high prevalence of common clinical isolates that are resistant to multiple antibiotics calls for regular review of the anti-microbial sensitivity pattern among bacteria of clinical significance in our environment. In the present study an increasing percentage of common isolates from hospitalized patients have been found to be resistant to Gentamicin and Cefotaxime, which play an important role in the chemotherapy of infections. Of special significance is the finding that over 60% of pseudomonads are now resistant to Gentamicin. The new fluoroquinolone, Ciprofloxacin, showed strong activity against all the isolates tested, with MIC values within the range of those reported as sensitive from many overseas centres. It should prove to be a valuable agent in the management of infections due to these organisms.


Objective:To study the result of mother and child after caesarean section during second stage of labor and how to improve obstetrics quality by strictly controlling operation indic and enhancing the operation skill.Methods:The complications of mother and child between 105 cases after caesarean section during second stage of labor with 1 250 cases after elective caesarean section during July to December in this hospital were revived retrospectively.Results:The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, uterus incision lacerated wound, neonatal asphyxia, aspiration pneumonitis of newborn after caesarean section during second stage of labor were higher than those of the control groups obviously.Conclusion:It is an important measure to decrease complications of queen and child after caesarean section during second stage of labor by strictly controlling operation indic and enhancing the operation skill.


VM Drilling is committed to assisting injured workers to return to work as soon as medically appropriate and will adhere to the requirements of the Workers' Compensation and Injury Management Act 1981 in the event of a work related injury or illness. Management supports the injury management process and recognises that success relies on the active participation and cooperation of the injured worker. Whenever possible, suitable duties will be arranged internally having regard for the injured worker's medical restrictions.


Such were the words of my late mother, as I decided to embark upon the journey of studying the tensions in my part of the world – the Middle East – between religion, governance and human rights for my Doctorate. These three issues were structuring the dynamics of our lives, whether in terms of local and international politics, social issues or even economics. Whether it was in our micro family or within the entire region, religion, in this case Islam, was it. Having worked on and with non-governmental organizations, dealing with the extremely tricky subject of human rights for several years, I felt it was inevitable that at one stage, I had to critically examine why it was that religious arguments seemed to be the ones that all protagonists – whether those governing or those in opposition – were bandying about, and why it was that women were so symbolic a terrain of contention between all these – largely – males. I also came across some academics, particularly Western ones, who were far more comfortable when dealing with the Middle East, to lump people and ways of thinking together into certain simplistic categories, such as 'fundamentalism' (eg 'Islamic fundamentalism' as part of religious fundamentalism). Some of my activist colleagues, on the other hand, were equally attracted by this simple process of categorization – or naming – which made 'the enemy' easier to label and distinguish. The resulting


Simulators have become, and in an inescapable way, a mean to improve the knowledge in the field of driving behavior. The investigations which can be led with this type of tool concern in particular the driver's behavior and the conception of vehicles and road infrastructures. In the field of driving training the simulator tool is also more and more used, notably for the training (initial and retraining) of professional truck drivers or special machine drivers (forklifts, cranes, excavators, and also combined harvester, wood feller buncher…). The advantages of the studies on simulators are numerous: lack of risk, reproducibility of the situations, strict control of the parameters, time saving, costs decrease. The goal of this paper is to review the validation problems and to propose the emergence of "good practices" of usage. The authors first remind the physicals rendering limits of simulators and then offer a classification of the uses and also discuss validation problems for each use. The paper concludes with the necessity of an ethics of use, made more and more necessary by the current and the future possibly wide distribution of the driving simulator tool.


Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is the only means available for testing Einstein's Strong Equivalence Principle, on which general relativity rests. LLR also provides the strongest limits to date on variability of the gravitational constant, the best measurement of the de Sitter precession rate, and is relied upon to generate accurate astronomical ephemerides. LLR is poised to take a dramatic step forward, enabled both by detector technology and access to a large-aperture astronomical telescope. Using the 3.5 m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory, we will push LLR into a new regime of multiple photon returns with each pulse, enabling millimeter range precision to be achieved. In order to reap the benefits of this "strong" return, we will incorporate a technologically novel integrated array of avalanche photodiodes—capable of generating a temporal range profile while preserving two-dimensional spatial information. We will also employ a high precision gravimeter at the ranging site to measure local displacements of the earth's crust to sub-millimeter precision. This approach of obtaining directly relevant measurements relating to the earth surface deformation is to be contrasted with the approach to date that relies strictly on models for this information.


Isotopic composition of sulfur was determined in more than 150 samples of sulfides and sulfates from the Levikha ore field. On the basis of the results so obtained, we are discussing the sources of sulfur in the sulfide ores and in sulfates of the ore deposits, physicochemical conditions of their deposition, and their genetic connections with sulfides in the overburden. -- Authors.


To improve modeling, understanding and drilling of new wells in thin reservoirs, we developed an advanced quantitative methodology that integrates 3D poststack seismic data, impedance logs, and geologic knowledge. The approach uses well-log analysis, seismic wavelet estimation and well-to-seismic calibration, horizon tracking, instantaneous and multidimensional attribute analysis for structural mapping, stratigraphic interpretation using window-based attributes, and inverted acoustic impedance obtained from 3D poststack stratigraphic inversion.


Problem statement: Harmonic analysis is a primary matter of power quality assessment. Its main intention is to check the utility whether it is delivering the loads without any deviations in voltages and currents. The problem is due to proliferation of Electronic converters and power electronics which gave birth to numerous new applications, offering unmatched comfort to the customers. Approach: Harmonics should be maintained within the limits said in standards like IEEE 519 and others such as IEEE 1159 for safeguarding the utility. This was provided by many mitigation technologies like passive, shunt and series filtering, active conditioners, but they were lack of some demerits like huge cost, many controllers and circuit components. So for controlling the harmonic loads the converter with four quadrant characteristics was implemented and this converter act as shunt active filter as well as rectifier simultaneously without any additional circuitry. For having better harmonic reduction in addition, many controllers like p-q Theorem based controller, Fuzzy and gradient descent based neural network is also used. Results: The simulation results gives the compared source current wave forms for various controllers with individual harmonic mitigations. Conclusion: The pure utility current is obtained by using this intelligent neural filter without any additional components and without any extra controllers than the conventional methods.


In order to systematically improve a diag nostic system it is desirable to meaningfully specify the objectives. In dental radiogra-phy it is practically impossible to obtain absolute agreement as to what these objectives are or should be. At least two, however, are obvious and have essential limits which provide a sound basis for discussion. They are respectively: 1) The reduction of hazards associated with the use of ionizing radiation, and 2) the improvement of diagnostic accuracy.


The aim of this study is to provide a broad conceptual and historical outline of how rural development policies have been determined through technocratic policies in economic and political terms rather than participatory and transparent decision making processes. Given that the state and managerial expert groups have been the main architects of rural development and agricultural policies along with suprastate organizations such as the IMF and the World Bank, this study offers in-depth coverage of policy variations in two different cases: State-led planned economy and free market economy. This study seeks to assert that just as under the state-led economy model, the free market economy and technocratic policies in coordination with the IMF and the World Bank blocked mass mobilization and genuine democratic participation in the Turkish countryside. Neither the neoliberal and individualist nor the statist and corporatist perspectives were able to come to terms with the idea of a representative and transparent approach to policy-making processes in Turkey.


The shape of the hazard function is of great interest in studies of the efficacy of cancer treatment and post-treatment cancer surveillance. We present estimates of the hazard rates obtained from data on survival of patients with cervical cancer and discuss associated methodological problems. Our study was carried out on survival data for 1826 women with cancer of the cervix uteri stratified by clinical stage and tumor growth pattern. We used nonparametric and various smoothing techniques for estimating the hazard function from the data; these were a nonparametric estimator based on the Nelson-Aalen method and its kernel counterparts, the kernel local likelihood estimator with a data-adaptive bandwidth, and a parametric estimator specifically designed for two-component hazards. For all categories of patients, the estimated hazard functions pass through a clear-cut maximum, tending to zero as the follow-up time becomes sufficiently long. In one stratum of patients we observed a bimodal shape of the hazard function. There are two alternative models that provide equally plausible explanations of this observation; one of them attributes the observed pattern of the hazard function to a certain heterogeneity of tumor cell population, while the competing model refers to a heterogeneity of the subsample of patients under study. Providing the probability of cure is high, as is the case in our setting, there is no way to discriminate between the two models on the basis of survival data.


In the paper, the reduced modified nodal approach (RMNA) and reduced nodal approach with nullors (RNAN) are used to formulate generalised state equations and multiport hybrid equations. This approach can be used to improve generalised programs, such as SPICE and ECAP.


Summary. Comparative toxicity of different cereals for gluten-intolerant individuals. Coeliac disease is caused by prolamines, the storage proteins of some cereals, located in the endosperm. Cereals do not all have the same toxicity. The four wheat prolamine groups (v., 3, y and M gliadins), visible in electrophoresis at acid pH, have been isolated and their toxicities compared by observing the. morphological changes in intestinal biopsies cultured in vitro when peptic-tryptic digests of the studied proteins were added to the culture medium. The toxicity was found to be mainly located in the a and !3-gliadins and in peptides of 5 to 10 000 molecular weight. Peptides, resulting from peptic-tryptic hydrolysis, varied in length as a direct function of their proline content. In fact, peptide bond splitting by pepsin and trypsin is known to be blocked by proline. Thus, proline content determines peptide length and toxicity. Wheat, rye and barley toxicities were compared on the basis of a correlation between toxicity and the a- and P-gliadin-like prolamine contents of these cereals. Electrophoretic estimation of a-and p-gliadin-like prolamine content gave the following prediction of relative toxicity (in decreasing order) : wheat, triticale, rye, barley and oats.


To assess outcomes, we must overcome enormous problems of procedure and analysis, but we cannot refuse to look at what the instruments enable us to see.


Kinetic and product studies of the reaction of 7-substituted 4-hydroxyl-1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones in strongly acidic media produced biphasic Hammett plots which indicated the intermediacy of a highly electrophilic nitrogen compound with nitrenium ion character


The Auto Industry plays an significant role in the Indian Economy. The current challenges in manufacturing of Automobile involves the role of Supply Chain Management. The effectiveness of the function could be enhanced by the Integration of SCM especially in Auto industry wherein the research is undertaken. The detailed description of the process, The study deals with integration is given an approach of explanatory design and questionnaire are used as an instrument to capture the main data furthermore the study also uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS for quantitative data analysis. To link the dependant and independent variables, a conceptual framework is developed, to stress the needs and importance of integration of SCM. The study reveals the importance of supplies innovatives.


Performance evaluation with regard to response time of software applications is a crucial task. In particular, this is essential for Enterprise Applications with high demand for time-sensitive transactional operations. Although the effects of neglecting performance considerations within the software development life cycle are known, the development process has not significantly changed over the last years. However, companies' interest in software performance is increasing. This paper identifies the barriers regarding performance improvement of software applications during early stages of the development process by focusing on SAP Enterprise Applications. In order to capture recent situations within the industry, we conducted expert interviews with both experienced SAP software developers and product managers working in different industry sectors in Germany. Our key findings show a range of different reasons for poor or missing performance improvement considerations.


The classic models in game theory can be classified into two categories. The models of the cooperative game theory are defined by a set of agents and a characteristic function (benefit or cost). The models of the non-cooperative game theory are defined by a set of agents and information structure which contains a set of actions for each agent, strategies, payoffs and the sequence of movements in the interaction of the game.
In the present dissertation, models from the two categories are studied and contain asymmetric agents, with asymmetry defined from two perspectives. In some cases, asymmetry is by nature, where we consider a unique agent with different characteristics from the rest, e.g. a unique tenant and several lessors. In some other cases, asymmetry is by temporal component, where some agents can act and/or develop simultaneously and others sequentially, e.g. the activities of a complex or large project.
From both perspectives, these characteristics play an important role when we define the models of the present study. In the first case, we consider as example the acquisition of land for mineral exploitation or extraction by a mining firm in Peru and for settlement of a military base by the Ministry of Defence in Pontevedra - Spain. In these cases we can see a negotiation process between a firm or institution, and a set of owners or communities.
These situations are studied as a conflict of interests problem from the cooperative and non-cooperative viewpoints.
In the second case, we consider as example the cost that is generated by a delay of the activities in complex or large projects, where some activities can develop simultaneously while other sequentially. This situation is studied as a cost assignment problem between the responsible agents.
Due to the huge costs on the one hand by the land conflicts (Dufwenberg et al., 2016) and, on the other hand, the delays of large projects, we consider as a relevant issue to study both situations from a game theory viewpoint. The contribution of this dissertation is on the one hand an axiomatic approach and on the other hand non-cooperative.
This dissertation is organized in five chapters as follows: Chapters 2, 3 and 4 consider land rental problems where there are several communities that can act as lessors and a single tenant who does not necessary need all the available land, while Chapter 5 considers delay of activities problems.
Chapter 2 is based on Valencia-Toledo and Vidal-Puga (2016a). We propose a non-cooperative game theory viewpoint. In this case, we consider that the tenant should negotiate sequentially with each lessor for the available land. In each stage, we apply the Nash bargaining solution (Nash, 1950). Our results imply that, when all land is necessary, a fixed price per unit is more favourable for the tenant than a lessor-dependent price. Furthermore, a lessor is better off with a lessor-dependent price only when negotiating first. For the tenant, lessors' merging is relevant with lessor-dependent price but not with fixed price.
Chapter 3 is based on the article Valencia-Toledo and Vidal-Puga (2015). We propose a cooperative game theory viewpoint. We establish that a rule should determine which communities become lessors, how much land they rent and at which price. According to this, our first result is a complete characterization of the family of rules that satisfy two properties: "land monotonicity" in the sense that an increase in the amount of available land benefits to every agent involved, and "non-manipulability under land reassignment" in the sense that the land reassignment does neither benefit nor harm the interest of the agents involved. We also define two parametric subfamilies. The first one is characterized by adding a property of "weighted standard for two", that says the way to share the benefit of cooperation in case we have only one lessor and one tenant. The second one is characterized by adding two properties: "consistency" in the sense that leaving of some agents do not affect the share rule, and "continuity" in the sense that a small change in the initial problem does not mean big changes in the proposed assignment.
Chapter 4 is based on Valencia-Toledo and Vidal-Puga (2016b). We study self-duality in land rental problems where there are several lessors and a single tenant. We assume that the available land which is owned by the lessors is larger than the rented land. We propose the property of self-duality based on the definition given by Aumann and Maschler (1985) in bankruptcy problems (O'Neill, 1982). In land rental problems, this is equivalent to share the rented land and remaining not rented land. We provide a complete characterization of the family of rules that satisfy self-duality. We obtain that the amount of land should be shared proportionally. We characterize the family of rules that satisfy "self-duality" and "price independence". We also characterize a unique rule that satisfies "self-duality", "price independence" and "standard for two", which says that the benefit of cooperation should be shared equally in case there are only one tenant and one lessor.
Finally, Chapter 5 is based on Bergantinos et al. (2016). We study a tool used to schedule and coordinate activities in a complex project, which is commonly called as PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique). In assigning the cost of a potential delay, we characterize an unique rule which is based on the Shapley value (Shapley, 1953) as the unique that satisfies "consistency" and other desirable properties such as: "anonymity" says that the cost sharing does not depend on the name of the activities; "monotonicity", which says that if the delay of an activity increases, the quantity that it should pay must not decrease; "scale invariance", which says that the change of unit of delay does not affect the assigned cost; "standard for two", which says that if there are only two activities, the cost must share in standard way; and "independence of irrelevant delay", which says that if the delay of an activity does not affect the total cost of the project, then the agent responsible for this activity pay nothing.


✓ Auditory hallucinations were produced by electrical stimulation of the human upper brain stem during stereotaxic operations. The responses were confined to stimulation of the inferior colliculus, brachium of the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory radiations. Anatomical confirmation of an auditory site was obtained in one patient. The hallucination produced was a low-pitched nonspecific auditory "paresthesia" independent of the structure stimulated, the conditions of stimulation, or sonotopic factors. The effect was identical to that reported from stimulating the primary auditory cortex, and virtually all responses were contralateral. These observations have led to the following generalizations concerning electrical stimulation of the somesthetic, auditory, vestibular, and visual pathways within the human brain stem: the hallucination induced in each is the response to comparable conditions of stimulation, is nonspecific, independent of stimulation site, confined to the primary pat...


ABSTRACT The work is concerned with the theoretical examination of a new type of thermo-acoustic instability in combustors not reported in the literature. The instability results from linear coupling between the conventional acoustic mode and the recently discovered "flame intrinsic modes." Within the framework of a 1D model of a quarter wave resonator with the standard model of flame heat release, intrinsic-acoustic mode coupling occurs when the real parts of the frequencies of neighboring acoustic and flame-intrinsic modes at small interaction index are close. While at small the Eigen-functions of close acoustic and flame intrinsic modes clearly exhibit their distinctive identities, with increase of the mode identities become blurred and the Eigen-functions of acoustic modes resemble more and more those of flame intrinsic modes and at a certain become indistinguishable. We refer them as coupled intrinsic-acoustic modes or coupled modes. When the "Rayleigh index" for a coupled mode behaving as an acoustic mode at small is negative, at a larger such a mode can nevertheless become unstable at one of the nearby intrinsic mode frequencies. We find analytically the instability domain due to coupling in the parameter space. Near the instability boundary, we reduce the transcendental dispersion relation to a quadratic or, if higher accuracy is desired, to a quartic equation. These models capture well all four possible coupling scenarios.


Mt. Etna, Sicily, i s the most active volcano i n Europe, erupting almost constantly. Historical records of eruptions for the last 350 years are accurate; prior to about 1650, the record is increasingly inaccurate and incomplete. Ages for pre-1650 lava flows, reported on recent geologic maps, are in conflict with ages determined from paleomagnetic measurements. Here we report on a different approach used to determine relative ages of Etnean lava flows. Multispectral image data were acquired from aircraft overflights of Etna i n 1992. The Thematic Mapper Simulator instrument obtained 12 channels of data in the visible through thermal infrared wavelength regions. Supervised classification of these data allowed us to group Etnean flows into age groups based on their spectral properties. About 90 percent of the classification agrees with the mapped lava flow ages. Our results also generally support the paleomagnetic age determinations for pow ages that disagree with the mapped ages. In addition, several areas were remapped, correcting errors on the published map. Introduction Mount Etna is a composite volcano, about 40 km in basal diameter, that lies in the eastern part of Sicily, close to the probable position of the junction between the African and Eurasian plates (Figure 1). Rising to an elevation of more than 3300 m, and dominating the landscape of the Mediterranean region, the volcano is almost continuously active, and historical accounts of eruptions go back more than 2500 years (Chester et al., 1985; Simkin and Siebert, 1994). Etnean lavas from major eruptions during the past 350 years are well known and documented. Contrary to popular ideas, however, eruptions from before about 1650 are poorly described, and the descriptions and attributed ages are often inaccurate. For example, for the period between 1300 and 1600, only three eruptions can be identified with a reasonable level of confidence (Tanguy et al., 1985), although many eruptions are assigned to this period (Simkin and Siebert, 1994) and are so shown on the latest geologic maps of Etna (Romano et al., 1979; Romano, 1990). An accurate knowledge of the true dates of Etnean lavas has implications for the succession of eruptions, effusion rates, magmatic evolution, and eruptive models in general (Casetti et al. (1981) for example). The direct method to obtain this knowledge is through C-14 dating of charcoal samples reliably associated with each flow. Unfortunately, finding this material has proven to be logistically difficult, requiring a field search of an area exceeding 1700 kmz. Intensive research into existing historical records has also proved less than satisfacM. Abrams and D. Pieri are at Mail Stop 183-501, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109. R. Bianchi is at CNR Progetto Lara, Via Monte d'Oro 11, 00040 Pomezia (Roma), Italy. tory (Tanguy, 1981), due to both the inaccuracy and incompleteness of written accounts. One solution in the past 20 years has been to try to date Etnean flows through paleomagnetic analyses. This is done by determining the natural remnant magnetization of the flows, constructing curves which show the local secular variation of the field in both direction and magnitude, then finding the values of the flows on these curves. The first person to do this for Etnean lavas was Tanguy (1970) and Tanguy et al. (1985); a similar analysis was done later by Rolph et al. (1987). Tanguy examined about 30 flows, and found that most of the flows reported to have been erupted between AD 1284 and 1651 were actually older than this period, sometimes by more than 500 years. Rolph and his colleagues looked at about 40 flows, many of them being the same as those examined by Tanguy. Their results generally confirmed Tanguy's conclusions for the 1284 to 1651 period flows; paleomagnetic ages for eight flows were many hundreds of years older than their mapped ages. In this paper, we present the results of a different approach to determine relative ages of lava flows, through the use of remotely sensed data. Multispectral image data in the visible, near infrared (NIR), short wavelength infrared ( s ~ ) , and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength regions can obtain reflectance and emittance information for all areas in the image data set, with spatial resolutions dependent on the instrument and the platform altitude. Previous studies (Kahle et al., 1988; Abrarns et al., 1991) have demonstrated the use of visible, infrared, and thermal infrared airborne data for relative age dating of lava flows in Hawaii. These data are sensitive to variations in vegetation type and percent cover, iron oxidation state of the surface, development of secondary coatings, and physical state of the surface. All of these factors vary as a function of age; in addition, climatic environment and human activities play a role in modifying the lava surface characteristics. We report here on a study to map the relative ages of Etnean lava flows using airborne remote sensing data. One of our principal objectives was to evaluate and, if confirmed, extend the results from the paleomagnetism studies, including flows older than those studied by Tanguy et al. (1985) and Rolph et al. (1987). Eruptive History The eruptive history of Etna from about 150,000 BP to the present has been characterized by products of mildly alkalic affinity the Alkalic Series while the main construct of the volcano is composed of basic lavas (hawaiites, mugeariPhotogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 62, No. 12 , December 1996, pp. 1353-1359. 0099-1112/96/6212-1353$3.00/0 O 1996 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing PE&RS December 1996 1353 Figure 1. Location map of Mount Etna in eastern Sicily, and general geology of Sicily (from Figure 3.2, Chester et a/. (1985) as modified for this report). r y r r h e n i a n S e a


Phabricator is a modern code collaboration tool used by popular projects like FreeBSD and Mozilla. However, unlike the other well-known code review environments, such as Gerrit or GitHub, there is no readily accessible public code review dataset for Phabricator. This paper describes our experience mining code reviews from five different projects that use Phabricator (Blender, FreeBSD, KDE, LLVM, and Mozilla). We discuss the challenges associated with the data retrieval process and our solutions, resulting in a dataset with details regarding 317,476 Phabricator code reviews. Our dataset11https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17139245 is available in both JSON and MySQL database dump formats. The dataset enables analyses of the history of code reviews at a more granular level than other platforms. In addition, given that the projects we mined are publicly accessible via the Conduit API [18], our dataset can be used as a foundation to fetch additional details and insights.


Nano-SiC particulates (n-SiCp) reinforced Mg-8Al-1Sn (AT81) composites with different pre-oxidation parameters were fabricated by powder metallurgy (P/M) process combined with hot extrusion. The effects of pre-oxidization treatment of n-SiCp on the microstructure and tensile properties of 0.5 vol % n-SiCp/AT81 composites were investigated accordingly. The distribution of n-SiCp with different pre-oxidation parameters was homogeneous in the composites. Moreover, it was found that a thin MgAl2O4 layer formed at the interface when the n-SiCp were pre-oxidized at 1073 K for 2 h, while the MgAl2O4 layer became much thicker with pre-oxidization temperature increasing to 1273 K for 2 h. After an appropriate pre-oxidization treatment of n-SiCp at 1073 K for 2 h, the as-extruded 0.5 vol % n-SiCp/AT81 composites exhibited an enhanced strength. It was found that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 168 MPa and 311 MPa to 255 MPa and 393 MPa compared with the as-extruded AT81 alloy, reflecting 51.8% and 26.4% increments, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties should be mainly attributed to the grain refinement and homogeneous distribution of n-SiCp in the composites. Moreover, a well-bonded interface and the formation of an appropriate amount of interfacial product (MgAl2O4) benefited the material's mechanical properties.


Epoxy resin concrete modified has high strength,good toughness,impact strength,good resistance to chemical corrosion,wear-resistant,water and antifreeze performance.Curable modified epoxy resin has a very strong to atmosphere,moisture,chemical media and bacterial.It introduces the characteristic and composition of epoxy resion concrete,and describes research of actuality and application in civil engineering of composite material of epoxy resion concrete.The application of epoxy resin concrete has made a significant effect with a wide range of applications.


Lake Kiba is located at Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, and a shallow, semi-closed lagoon. The lake has been suffering organic pollutant. COD concentration is two times higher than the standard level of class A (< 3 mg/L, Environmental quality standards for conservation of the living environment in Japan) during the last decade. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the characteristics of particulate organic matter (POM) in Lake Kiba using carbon isotopes: δ 13 C and Δ 14 C. The carbon isotope composition is basic and useful information to clarify organic pollutants affecting shallow lakes and lagoons. Water samples were monthly collected at the central lake in the periods of 2014-2016. The percentage and concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN) were measured and calculated from freeze-dried suspended solid which was pretreated from approximately 60 liters of water sample by using continuous flow centrifugation method. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations of 0.44–5.01 mg/L, δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values were, respectively, –32.0 to –22.8 ‰and –157 to –33 ‰. The organic matter in suspended solid samples consistently showed depleted 14 C. The carbon isotopes showed seasonal variation, higher in summer, with positive correlation to POC contents. These results indicate that the POC characteristics are controlled by a mixture of two endmembers, organic matter produced by phytoplankton


Spatial data integration is of great importance for many applications and particularly for emergency response. Besides the variety of challenges in 2D, increasing attention is given to integration of CAD and 3D GIS models. Many indoor models (needed for localisation and evacuation of people) or geological formations (needed for earthquakes or landslides) exist in CAD systems, but are often difficult (or impossible) to integrate with GIS models. Nowadays, a process of converging functionality is observed, but still many challenges remain. Amongst all these are the supported primitives. CAD software supports a broad range of primitives such as cone, sphere, cylinder and free-form curves and surfaces (NURBS, B-Splines, Bezier), which are not present in the GIS world. Open Geospatial Consortium has recognized the importance of freeform curves and surfaces and has included them in the Abstract Specifications, but no GIS software supports them. This paper presents our design of six new freeform data types to be considered for SQL Implementation Specifications.


Experimental investigations on the role of ion mass and the primary knock-on atoms (PKA) spectrum in the defect type, structure and defect production efficiency is presented in ion-irradiation experiments in tungsten using a combination of positron annihilation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Recrystallized tungsten foils were irradiated using low- (helium), medium- (boron) and high-mass (gold) ions of MeV energy for a comparable dpa and implantation range at room temperature. Depending on the ion mass and the PKA spectrum, distinctly different defect structures were observed at the atomistic as well as meso-scales. While no indication of dislocation lines was observed in 3 MeV helium irradiated samples, the boron and gold ions showed extensive dislocation line formation. The cluster shape depends on the PKA energy and the cluster density depends on the irradiation fluence. The depth profile analysis of the defects in the helium-irradiated samples showed extensive helium trapping throughout the implantation range. Significant sub-surface helium trapping is observed within 700 nm from the surface, indicating that they moved towards the surface from their mean implantation depth of 4500 nm. The study also shows a correlation between carbon and helium profiles in the samples.


Eastern Nitrogen manufactures fertiliser and for that purpose produces ammonia. It owned an ammonia plant on Kooragang Island in New South Wales. The ammonia plant was a fixture to the land.


Twelve insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and healthy controls, who all carried the serologically defined DR3 and DR4 antigens, were compared with respect to other HLA polymorphisms. No significant differences between patients and controls were found by typing for HLA‐Dw determinants by homozygous cell typing, nor by studies of their genomic DRβ polymorphism using different restriction enzymes. In contrast, certain DR4‐associated genomic DQβ fragments had a significantly different distribution among the IDDM patients than among the controls. Furthermore, when the distribution of all DQβ‐specific fragments which demonstrated polymorphism in our material was taken into account, nine of the 12 DR3, 4 IDDM patients demonstrated a similar DQβ polymorphism compared with only two out of the 12 DR3, 4 controls (P=0.006; corrected P=0.037). Cells from patients and controls who demonstrated this IDDM‐associated DQβ polymorphism stimulated each other significantly Aless in reciprocal MLC tests, compared with the responses seen when their cells were confronted with cells from the DR3, 4 individuals with other genomic DQβ polymorphisms.


When I was approached by Professor Michele Mekel to be a presenter at the 13th Annual Health Policy Institute, hosted and co-sponsored by the Southern Illinois University Center for Health Law and Policy, I was informed the theme of the event was chosen in recognition of the year 2011 being the 25th Anniversary of the enactment of Public Law 99-660, the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 (HCQIA). Professor Mekel asked that I provide some historic perspective about the issues of improving health care quality that the Congress was attempting to address with this law, and concurrently share any personal reflections I might have. The specific issues were the "medical malpractice crisis," and the reluctance of physicians to engage in the peer review process, lest they be subject to personal litigation.


Watershed is an ecosystem area confined by topography and has function as a catcher, storage, and supplier of water, sediments, pollutants and nutrients in the river system and exit through a single outlet. Various activities around watershed areas of Besitang have changed the land cover and vegetation index (NDVI) that exist in the region. In order to detect changes in land cover and NDVI quickly and accurately, we used remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS). The study aimed to assess changes in land cover and vegetation density (NDVI) between 2005 and 2015, as well as obtaining the density of vegetation (NDVI) on each of the land cover of 2005 and 2015. The research showed the extensive of forest area of 949.65 Ha and a decline of mangrove forest area covering an area of 2,884.06 Ha. The highest vegetation density reduced 39,714.58 Ha, and rather dense increased 24,410.72 Ha between 2005 and 2015. The land cover that have the highest NDVI value range with very dense vegetation density class is the primary dry forest (0.804 to 0.876), followed by secondary dry forest (0.737 to 0.804) for 2015. In 2015 the land cover has NDVI value range the primary dry forest (0.513 to 0.57), then secondary dry forest (0.456 to 0.513) with dense vegetation density class


Unexpected allowable cuts are due to natural andman-made cuts in unusual events which, replaces the normal course of forestryactivities, changes the structural status of forest areas and interrupts the goals. Inforests of the Eastern Black Sea Region, especially in the 1990s and early2000s, unexpected allowable cuts were obtained because of damages of barkbeetles (Ips typographus and Dendroctonus micans). Bark Beetles, which causedserious damage in spruce forests, economically reduced quality of wood andcaused structural changes in forest areas. In some forest enterprise, sprucewhich is the main tree species, lost its dominant place in the mixture and gaveway to hardwood, especially beech.In this paper firstly conceptual issue is discussed.And then unexpected allowable cuts obtained in forest enterprises directoratewhich are neighbor with Georgia and its situation have been introduced quantitatively.As unexpected allowable cuts uses instead of allowable cuts inforest management plan, it changes regular maintenance and reforestation offorest areas. In this regard the topics examined and assessments have beenmade.