Analysis of APOGEE DR12 stellar radial-velocities by Troup et al. (2016) affirmed the existence of the well-known Brown-Dwarf Desert (BDD). They detected a dearth of spectroscopic binaries (SB) with periods shorter than $\sim 10$ - $30$ days and secondaries with masses in the range of $\sim0.01$ - $0.1\, M_{\odot}$. We reconsider here their sample of binaries, focusing on 116 systems on the main sequence of the Gaia color-magnitude diagram, with mostly K-dwarf primaries. Using our recently devised algorithm to analyze the mass-ratio distribution of a sample of SBs we confirm the BDD existence and delineate its boundaries. For the K-dwarf APOGEE $1$ - $25$ days binaries, the companion-mass range of the BDD is $\sim0.02$ - $0.2\, M_{\odot}$. The mass ratio distribution of the long-period ($25$ - $500$ days) binaries does not show any dearth at the $q$-range studied. Instead, their distribution displays a linear increase in $\log q$, implying a tendency towards low-$q$ values. The limits of the BDD do not coincide with the frequently used mass limits of the brown-dwarf population, sometimes defined as $0.013$ and $0.08\, M_{\odot}$, based on theoretically derived stellar minimum masses for burning deuterium and hydrogen in their cores. Trying to draw the boundaries of the desert, we suggest either a wedged or trapezoidal shape. We discuss briefly different scenarios that can account for the formation of the BDD, in terms of differentiating between stellar secondaries and planets in particular, and compare this desert to the Neptunian desert that can distinguish between Jovian planets and super Earths of short periods.


The invention relates to a novel environment-protecting self-assistance multi-power and multi-drive solar automobile. On the basis of the consistency of the outline structure, the chassis and the driving system of the prior automobile, the invention consists of solar photoelectric boards, a high-energy storage battery, a DC electric and power generating reciprocal engine and an electric and power generating reciprocal engine arranged at rear wheels. The solar photoelectric boards arranged at the front, the back and the roof of the automobile shell combine with the high-energy storage battery arranged inside the automobile back boot to change the solar energy into electric energy. The motor-generator set arranged at the rear wheel provides auxiliary power for the car in running and can also convert the inertial kinetic energy generated in running into the electric energy. Making full use of comprehensive and renewable natural energy as driving power, according to the objective conditions and laws granted by nature to us, the invention masters, knows and utilizes natural laws to organically combine and convert the natural energy into mechanical energy. The novel environment-protecting self-assistance multi-power and multi-drive solar automobile is a pollution-free, clean, energy-saving, multi-power and multi-drive transportation vehicle with practicality and low usage cost.


In this letter a compact model for the surrounding-gate (SGT) MOSFET is presented. The basis of the model is the transmission theory. The exact solution of the Poisson's equation has been obtained to deal with all the operation regions.


In Olympic-style weightlifting athlete attempts to lift the weight plates on a barbell and scores are determined by a combination of the successful highest weight achieved in snatch and the clean-and-jerk actions. However, the current method does not objectively measure the player techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to objectively measure player performance on weightlifting using human action recognition in videos. We introduce a method to assess player techniques in weightlifting by using skeleton-based human action recognition. In order to achieve our goal, we further introduce a new video dataset for action recognition in weightlifting which is annotated to frame level and introduce an automated scoring system through action recognition. We conclude our paper with qualitative and quantitative experimental results using non-Olympic players and 2016 Gold, Silver, and Bronze medalists in different weight categories (both men and women).


It is important to identify academic procrastination behaviours disrupting the educational life of students, it is also important to determine the academic procrastination tendencies and underlying causes in teachers and pre-service teachers, who are an inseparable part of the education environment. The aim of this research was to examine several variables of academic procrastination behaviour in a group of 113 pre-service teachers studying in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department of Anadolu University. The Academic Procrastination Inventory developed by Aitken (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Balkis (2006) was used in the study. In the analyses of the data, arithmetic means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA analysis were used. According to the results obtained, no significant difference was determined between the levels of academic procrastination of the pre-service teachers according to gender, year of study, the department selected for study, parental level of education or the perceptions of academic success. When the times that the pre-service teachers preferred to study lessons were examined, a significant difference was determined, with those preferring to work in the evening showing a lesser tendency for academic procrastination.


A mathematical model describing cell migration by diffusion and chemotaxis is considered. The model is examined using phase plane, numerical, and perturbation techniques. For a proliferative cell population, traveling wave solutions are observed regardless of whether the migration is driven by diffusion, chemotaxis, or a combination of the two mechanisms. For pure chemotactic migration, both smooth and discontinuous solutions with shocks are shown to exist using phase plane analysis involving a curve of singularities, and identical results are obtained numerically. Alternatively, pure diffusive migration and combinations of diffusive and chemotactic migration yield smooth solutions only. For all cases the wave speed depends on the exponential decay rate of the initial cell density, and it is bounded by a minimum value which is numerically observed whenever the initial cell distribution has compact support. The minimum wave speed cmin is proportional to √ χ or √ D for pure chemotaxis and pure diffusion cases, respectively. The value of cmin for combined diffusion and chemotactic migration is examined numerically. The rate at which the mixed migration system approaches either a diffusion-dominated or chemotaxis-dominated system is investigated as a function of a dimensionless parameter involving D/χ. Finally, a perturbation analysis provides details of the steep critical layer when D/χ 1, and these are confirmed with numerical solutions. This analysis provides a deeper qualitative and quantitative understanding of the interplay between diffusion and chemotaxis for invading cell populations.


Using vacuum thermal evaporation combined with post-deposition annealing, we obtained p-type copper oxide films with a hole concentration on the order of 1016 cm−3 and Hall mobility of over 5 cm2 V−1 s−1. These properties are in the range that can be used for an active layer of p-channel thin film transistors. We used air thermal annealing to convert n-type conduction of as-deposited films to p-type conduction, and determined that vacuum thermal annealing did not change the n-type conductivity of the as-deposited films.


Objective:To study the effective technique and curative effect of TCP/QLA absorbable interference screw fixation in femoral tunnel during arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)with four-stranded autogeneic hamstring tendons.Methods:Twenty-seven patients(male 18 and female 9)who need operation with reconstruction of ACL were analyzed.The age was from 21 to 48 years with the mean of 34.5 years,19 cases in left and 8 cases in right side.All the cases underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL with four-stranded autogeneic hamstring tendons because of ACL injury.Grafs were fixed by TCP/PLA absorbable interference screw in femoral tunnel and by intrafix system in tibial tunnel.The residue of ACL was cleared carefully.The flexion of knee were 110°-120° so that TCP/PLA absorbable interference screw were parallel to the axle of femoral tunnel and forcefully fixed graft.Results:Failed operation had 5 cases at the first time.Among the 5 cases,1 female screw disrupted,1 screw falled off in the tunnel and 3 cases falled off into articular cavity.All of these 5 cases were retighten successfully.Followed-up time was from 10 to 18 months(average:14 months)in 27 cases.The postoperative Lachman test revealed negative in 14 cases,masculine in 13 cases(degreeⅠ was 10 cases and degree Ⅱ 3 cases).The mean Lysholm score was 53.1±3.9 before operation and 93.3±3.1 at the end of followed-up time.Significance difference was found between them(P0.05).Conclusion:Fixation of four-stranded autogeneic hamstring tendons by TCP/PLA absorbable interference screw in the inlet of femoral tunnel can restore function of knee joint.The key of this technique is mastering the angle of TCP/PLA absorbable interference screw in the inlet of femoral tunnel.


It is possible to use a small counter to keep approximate counts of large numbers. The resulting expected error can be rather precisely controlled. An example is given in which 8-bit counters (bytes) are used to keep track of as many as 130,000 events with a relative error which is substantially independent of the number n of events. This relative error can be expected to be 24 percent or less 95 percent of the time (i.e. &sgr; = n/8). The techniques could be used to advantage in multichannel counting hardware or software used for the monitoring of experiments or processes.


The present invention relates to an air gesture operation method and apparatus. The method comprises recognizing an air gesture of a user relative to an interface in the space; determining an operation position corresponding to the air gesture on the interface according to the air gesture, and displaying a directive mark at the operation position; and operating a target object displayed at the operation position according to a preset operation form corresponding to the air gesture. According to the technical scheme, the operation position corresponding to the air gesture can be accurately determined on the interface of the device according to the recognized air gesture, furthermore, the target object (such as application, file and document) displayed at the operation position is operated according to the preset operation form corresponding to the air gesture, so that air separation operation of the target object can be achieved by using the air gesture, and the user can clearly know the target operation object and understand the whole air separation operation of the target operation object.


dergraduate students may well need introductory material of this kind. The main material comes next in chapters on politics under Boris El'tsin (with a useful addendum about Vladimir Putin), on the failure of economic reform, and on foreign policy. Robinson attributes underdevelopment of the new Russian state to El'tsin's inability to govern except through a motley coalition combining liberal reformers and conservative proponents of the old system, whose conflicting preferences disorganize both policy making and implementation. Although it is hard to see how the term conservative applies meaningfully to anyone in contemporary Russian politics, that El'tsin drew on multiple ideological sources for personnel in the Russian state is clear. The chapter on the economy argues that privatization was a failure not because it failed to privatize but because it wrecked the economy and impoverished so many. Yet if the nascent Russian state were to remain electoral, privatization was so urgent that political motives may have driven El'tsin and his supporters to disregard economic costs in the belief that Russians' closeness to the land would enable them to survive economic dislocation. The chapter includes a very informative account of the August 1998 ruble crisis. Half the chapter on foreign policy concerns relations with the west and half involves institutional disarray in the Commonwealth of Independent States. It is hard to see why the commonwealth is important enough to require half a chapter in a very short book. I would have preferred a chapter on the problems of Russian federalism.


The Cistercian nuns of Holy Cross Abbey at Stapehill near Wimborne in Dorset have recently moved and settled in South Wales after more than 180 years in the house given to them in the nineteenth century by Lord Arundell of Wardour, so now is perhaps a suitable time for investigating the story of the place when it was a Jesuit centre for at least 135 years. One of the stations in the 'College of St. Thomas of Canterbury' or Hampshire district (which included Hampshire, Wiltshire and Sussex as well as Dorset), others in that part of the district being Lulworth, Wardour, Great Canford, Marnhull, Bonham and Odstock, it was sufficiently isolated and remote for a school to have existed there safely for some years.


The article analyzes economic policy and system of the Mongol Empire through studying their basic institutions. In its policy the Mongol imperial court proceeded from the recognition of individual property of the Khan over the entire territory, property and the productive forces. This system of total relations determined both the most powerful organizational and politically organized systems of relations and resource management. Due to this system, in the possession of the emperor and the Mongol elite enormous economic and financial resources were consolidated, not only planned storage mechanisms, but also significant redistributive functions allowed to effectively maintain and develop the state. Mongolian treasury replenished by plundering other countries, especially at the first period of military campaigns. Once these countries were conquered, the main source of income of the treasury became natural rent, taxes, tribute, indemnities, trading and loans. Administrative and economic activities in the different periods of the Mongolian statehood and empire differed. The taxation system has been created evolutionarily. It was adapted to the particular circumstances and was a part of deeply thought empire-wide political system.


There is a fine line between regulatory competition and cooperation across the Atlantic. Whilst U.S. and European Union (EU) increasingly collaborate on a range of specific regulatory areas in an effort to remove tariff barriers and thus facilitate trade flows of about 620 billion Euros per year, they also compete in order to improve their internal markets, attract a higher number of investors, increase safety for their citizens and maintaining acceptable environmental standards. When measuring the temperature of regulatory competition and cooperation between U.S. and the EU, a valid reading key is Impact Assessment (IA). IA is the main evidence-based policy-making instrument in place in both U.S. and EU and can help understand the rationales and justifications for policy and regulatory interventions. The two conflicting approaches - competition versus cooperation - will be examined in this chapter, which aims to provide a framework for analysing the level of regulatory cooperation and competition through an analysis of the existing IA systems in the two continents.


New solutions of some important partial differential equations are obtained using the first integral method. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by applying it for the linear Klein-Gordan equation, MKdV equation, Burgers' equation in two and three dimensions.


The huge improvements in resolution and dynamic range of current [1][2] and future CNES remote sensing missions (from 5m/2.5m in Spot5 to 70cm in Pleiades) illustrate the increasing need of efficient on-board image compressors. Many techniques have been considered by CNES during the last years in order to go beyond usual compression ratios: new image transforms or post-transforms [3][4], exceptional processing [5], selective compression [6]. However, even if significant improvements have been obtained, none of those techniques has ever contested an essential drawback in current on-board compression schemes: fixed-rate (or compression ratio). This classical assumption provides highly-predictable data volumes that simplify storage and transmission. But on the other hand, it demands to compress every image-segment (strip) of the scene within the same amount of data. Therefore, this fixed bit-rate is dimensioned on the worst case assessments to guarantee the quality requirements in all areas of the image. This is obviously not the most economical way of achieving the required image quality for every single segment. Thus, CNES has started a study to re-use existing compressors [7] in a Fixed-Quality/Variable bit-rate mode. The main idea is to compute a local complexity metric in order to assign the optimum bit-rate to comply with quality requirements. Consequently, complex areas are less compressed than simple ones, offering a better image quality for an equivalent global bit-rate. "Near-lossless bit-rate" of image segments has revealed as an efficient image complexity estimator. It links quality criteria and bit-rates through a single theoretical relationship. Compression parameters are thus automatically computed in accordance with the quality requirements. In addition, this complexity estimator could be implemented in a one-pass compression and truncation scheme.


The establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998 constitutes a landmark in the development of International Criminal Law (ICL), which gained its first momentum after World War II through the foundation of International Military Tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo. ICL is, however, not confined to these most prominent courts or their statutes providing for definitions of international crimes under their respective jurisdiction; rather, ad hoc international, or internationalized and hybrid special tribunals and criminal chambers also contribute to the development and shape of ICL and reflect its diverse legal and institutional basis. Perceived as another tribunal of "international character," on August 18, 2020, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) pronounced its judgment on the merits in the Ayyash case. The long-awaited verdict raises the question of the Tribunal's contribution to the further evolution of ICL.


Marked inhibition of breathing during the early part of oral feeding is documented in neonatal lambs and preterm infants. This is presumably due to stimuli arising from the upper airway due to presence of liquid or due to repetitive sucking and/or swallowing. Sucking generates negative pressure in the upper airway and negative pressure in the upper airway is known to decrease the breathing frequency. We monitored 12 term healthy newborns (1-3 days old) during non-nutritive and nutritive sucking polygraphically to determine the effect of feeding on the breathing pattern and to separate the effect of sucking per se. Heart rate, sucking pressures, nasal airflow and respiratory efforts were monitored in semi-upright position. During nutritive feeding an initial burst of continuous sucking lasting 20-30 sec. followed by intermittent sucking was seen. Decreased breathing frequency and tidal volume as well as shortening of inspiration were seen during the initial period. A recovery towards control values was seen during intermittent sucking. In contrast, changes in breathing pattern were minimal during nonnutritive sucking. We conclude that stimuli related to either the presence of liquid in the upper airway or repetitive swallowing rather than sucking per se appears to be responsible for the inhibition of breathing seen during oral feeding.1Recipient of NIH Clinical Investigator Award HLO1156.


The fault location is disturbed by traveling wave dispersion and reflects wave mainly.Various wave speeds caused by traveling wave dispersion influence the fault location algorithm based on traveling wave inaccurately.It is avoided to a certain extent by analyzing line mode waves with multi-wavelet transform on multi-scale for complementarities of different wavelet bases.And characters of traveling waves are extracted by the analyses clearly.According to the above factors,it is found how wavelet transform is used in the way needed in different fields.In addition,the failure to locate the time when waves reflect is eliminated by analyzing the results of both terminals.So the algorithm is proposed to improve fault location reliably and accurately.The simulation result shows it is feasible.


In order to improve the thawing qualities of fish, a thawing process of high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) was studied. It was compared with nature thawing on the basis of thawing rate and the fish's qualities index such as pH, thawing loss, cooking loss and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). The results showed that the high voltage electrostatic field can improve the thawing rate of fish significantly. Compared with nature thawing, the thawed fish under t HVEF had better qualities such as lower thawing loss and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). HVEF thawing has advantages, which can be used as a substitute method.


Bq2060 is an intelligent battery management IC and is widely used in the laptop computer battery managemnet system.It includes the function of SMBus which is a kind of synchronous serial bus with high efficiency.It can be used to diagnose the state of remaining capacity,full charge capacity,average time to empty charging voltage and other battery status.The intelligent battery monitor system based on Bq2060 SMBus is introduced,it carries the real-time diagnose function and built-in command to communicate with computer operation system.Its protocol is analysed and the SMBus configration and characteristics are given.


The present invention relates to an electric vehicle and a conveyor to move, more particularly, to maintaining the pore size of the entirety of the transmission whole house it is supported on the lower surface of the stator and the rotor and between the moving load to the linear electric motor to a desired size by minimizing relates to a railway vehicle system using a motor and a non-contact power supply system of linear to maximize the propulsion efficiency and feed efficiency. In the railway vehicle system for supplying linear propulsion to the load traveling, using a linear motor according to the present invention for achieving the above object, and supplies the induced current to the load to move by using a non-contact power supply system, said load movable in the are arranged in parallel along the moving direction, and provided with a linear motor including a stator which is supported on a lower surface of the load generates a moving magnetic field facing the mover so as to form a predetermined air gap, and of the load and all songs that are arranged in parallel along the moving direction, spaced apart a predetermined distance and the transmission all being supported on a lower surface of the load so as to form an air gap, containing the current collector for supplying the induction current to the load is derived from the song all a second device, a non-contact power supply system, the stator and the current collector so as to maintain the value of the size of the gap a predetermined Including the gap control unit for controlling the position of the characterizing feature is that formed. Linear motor, a stator, a rotor, the mover, the air gap, a sensor, an electric vehicle, a non-contact, the air gap, a power supply, a current collector


The photocatalyst (TiO2) is prepared in the lab by means of SAS process, which is a newly developed method for preparing nano-materials, featuring low cost and easy reaction control. Samples of pharmaceutical wastewater were tested using two different sources of light and the catalyst is doped with different amount of iron (Fe3+). Influence of various reaction conditions on degradation of pharmaceutical wastewater was analyzed and evaluated.


Lymphoma is a hematopoietic neoplasia which occurs due to the proliferation of malignant lymphocytes. It can be present in different forms, including alimentary, mediastinal, multicentric and extranodal.   In both cases described in this report, signs consistent with chronic kidney disease were present. An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed and suggested a lymphocyte neoplastic process. Both cats received prednisolone and life support treatment, with mild improvement. One cat was euthanatized and the other died spontaneously, five and seven days after onset of treatment, respectively. The kidneys were enlarged, whitish, irregular, with a firm mass in the cortex. Histopathology confirmed that the lymphoma was restricted to the kidneys.


Stationary frame, integral dominant, resonant voltage regulators are a relatively new class of dual loop cascaded control system which offer benefits including improved passivity, which enables robust grid-tied/forming modes of operation, and an increased bandwidth with an associated rapid transient capability. While synthesis methods based on continuous s-domain approaches are established for these controllers, their digital realization still poses significant challenges. This is because the phase characteristic of a digital integral dominant transfer function is highly sensitive to the type of discretization approach used-i.e. first and zero order hold (FOH, ZOH), pole-zero (PZ) matching, impulse invariant and pre-warped Tustin. In this research work the impact of discretization on stability and the dynamic response is comprehensively analyzed, showing that ZOH and impulse invariant provide the best trade-off between damping and overshoot. The analysis is supported using Bode frequency responses and pole-zero maps and is validated using PSIM switched inverter time-domain simulations.


If you believe in ghosts, you're in good company. Haunted Histories brings America's most ghostly locales to life, illuminating their role in shaping U.S. history and detailing how they became the nation's most feared places.
 Haunted Histories takes readers on a state-by-state journey across the United States, exploring the nation's most feared places. Along the way, the text introduces readers to new ghostly tales and takes a fresh look at familiar stories and locations, with an eye to history. From well-known spooky spots like Salem, Massachusetts, to such lesser-known ones as the Shanghai Tunnels of Portland, Oregon, where spirits are supposedly trapped, readers will discover not only where America's most haunted places are but also why they are said to be haunted. The ghosts of the doomed Donner Party allow readers to experience the arduous and often deadly journey of America's westward wagon trains, while different kinds of "spirits" haunting old distilleries allow readers to discover how whiskey almost derailed the new American nation before it was born.
 This book can be studied for academic purposes as a historical reference, used as a source for classroom assignments, or simply read for the pleasure of a great story.


§ 1. The device here described has been found to simplify greatly the "somewhat laborious discussion" of the different musical intervals as given, say, in Sedley Taylor's Sound and Music (chap, viii.) or in Helmholtz's Sensations of Tone. It has been found particularly helpful in giving an account, necessarily rapid, of the nature of harmony to classes studying sound as a part of physics, from whom much familiarity with musical terms and notation is not to be expected.


The Flow Noise Simulator (FNS) of the 1st Research Center of TRDI/JDA (Japan Defense Agency) is a large, variable pressure, recirculating water tunnel with very low background noise level. The tunnel is 20m high and 49m long, containing 2000m3 of water. The test section has a square cross section of 2m × 2m with 10m in length. It will accept large size surface ship models of 6m, submarine models of 4m in length and full scale ship appendix models. The FNS is currently under construction and will be accomplished in 2005. It will be used for a wide variety of hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic testing of surface ships and submarines, such as propeller cavitation noise measurements and propeller-hull interaction observation, with sufficiently large scale models. Conceptual design of the FNS was started in 1996 and evaluated by following scale model studies. This paper discusses some technical issues of the FNS.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The aim of the study is to analyze orthopedic and trauma internship doctors training in the simulation training center, to consider new approaches to simulation technologies usage and to identify prospects for further implementation of acquired practical skills into their daily work. The main body. Studying surgical pathology by internship doctors in simulation training center is based on the basic principles of the educational process and carried out in stages: lectures delivery, individual practical skills training, processing and analysis of internship doctors' own activity results and working efficiency, introspection and feedback elements. The ability to perform surgical treatment stages and practical skills required number of times to complete their testing, creation of equal conditions for all internship doctors and individual approach to learning enables better internship doctors' training for independent operations. Conclusion. Implementation of simulation training technologies within orthopedic and trauma internship doctors education facilitate better assimilation of theoretical material, empowers gaining necessary practical work experience, to evaluate their professional knowledge, communication and special skills objectively.


The present study was undertaken to assess the central analgesic effect of Artesunate in Swiss albino mice. The analgesic action in acute pain model was studied by the tail flick method. Thirty six swiss albino mice were divided into three groups of twelve animals (six males and six females) each and maintained under ideal laboratory conditions. Group I was taken as control and group II treated with Pentazocine (50mg/kg intraperitonially) and group III was treated with Artesunate (36.4mg/kg intraperitonially). In the present study, the effect of artesunate alone for its central analgesic activity has been evaluated. It was observed that Artesunate possess a significant (p<0.001) central analgesic activity. The central analgesic activity of Artesunate can be due to rise in the pain threshold and thus increase the capacity to tolerate pain as its activity has been compared with pentazocine.


Purpose
Refractance window drying (RWD) has been identified as the method that can give high-quality products at a relatively low production cost. However, knowledge about its use and adoption remains lacking both in academic curricula and industry in the developing world.

Design/methodology/approach
A lab-scale batch RWD of a closed-loop control system was designed, fabricated and evaluated for drying rates, evaporation rate, the energy of evaporation, energy efficiency and throughput. Testing was done using mango and tomato pulps.

Findings
Drying rates at 95°C of 1.32 gg−1min−1 and 0.854 gg−1min−1 at 2 and 3 mm, respectively, for tomato, 0.6 gg−1min−1 and 0.33 gg−1min−1 at 2 and 3 mm for mango pulp were obtained. The dryer had an evaporation rate of 4.63 × 10–4 kg/s and 4.25 × 10–4 kg/s, the energy of evaporation of 1.05 kW and 0.96 kW and thermal energy efficiency of 25.64% and 21.73% while drying tomato and mango pulps, respectively. Dryer throughput of 0.6 kg/h of dried mango Pulp and 0.47 kg/h of dried tomato pulp was obtained.

Originality/value
The designed RWD can be adequately used in laboratory experiments on different products to produce powders. This will enable the transfer of knowledge about RWD technology in developing countries.


Today's world has been aptly characterized by Edward C. Lindeman as a "world of conflict."2 Selfishness, greed, hate, and lust have turned brother against brother and nation against nation. The rise of militarism, the upward surge of crime and juvenile delinquency, the increase of corruption in public service, the over crowded conditions of mental hospitals, the growing flood of alcoholism, the increase in family disintegration, and the rising tide of immorality are but a few indications of the effect of these forces of evil. Can Christianity produce leaders who will be capable of leading the world out of this "wilderness?" The lives of Christians today are being put to the test in the business office, the shop, the field, the laboratory, the home, the battlefield, and all the other areas of human experience. In the first three centuries of Christianity there was evident a unique transformation in the lives of those who followed Christ, but with a development of institutionalism in the church there was a decline in emphasis on the development of Christlike character on the part of the individual and also a decline of the impact of Christianity on civilization. The continuation of this process has ushered in a day in which it is difficult to distinguish the Christian from the non-Christian. Consequently many are saying that the Christian religion is a negligible factor in a person's life. If this is true, an enormous amount of wealth and energy is being uselessly expended in Christian education. On the other hand, there is the possibility that within Christianity lies an untapped potential capable of producing men with the kind of character that will transform the world. This study was born out of two Christian convictions: The first is that Christian people can be aroused from their


VARIOUS lines of evidence indicate that in Euplanaria (Planaria) dorotocephala and certain other planarian species V which undergo fission at a more or less definite post-oral level the bodies of the larger animals represent two or more zooids, which are physiologically-perhaps histologically to some extentbut not morphologically distinguishable (Child, I910, 191 IC, 1913, 1930). The anterior zooid includes the head and the body anterior to the level of fission which is a short distance posterior to the mouth but varies somewhat in position in different individuals and species. The body posterior to this level shows evidences of the presence of one or more zooids according to length, and a posterior growing region. Data given in earlier papers show that form and structure of the reconstituted planarian head and the frequency of development of a head differ in certain species with length of piece and level of body at which reconstitution occurs (Child, 19I a, 1912, 1916a; Behre, 1918; Buchanan, 1922; Sivickis, 1923; Abeloos, 1930). The various head-forms constitute a graded series representing different degrees of differential inhibition of head development, with the normal head at one extreme and the acephalic form at the other (Child, 19g1Ia, I92I). For convenience the various members


We ask whether policies designed to encourage return migration of scientists increase knowledge diffusion to and from home countries, as measured by citations to articles in STEM journals. We track the post-PhD careers of 249 Fulbright Fellowship recipients who are required to leave the US after PhD receipt and 249 similar foreign-born "control" scientists not subject to return requirements. We find that arti-


The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the generation of tremendous amounts of data from various sources. Cloud based systems are effective in storage and application of machine learning algorithms on such datasets. However, in some cases it is important to enable real time processing for making immediate decisions. There are many applications which require instantaneous analysis of the generated data for remedies in event of an anomaly. Data associated with such use cases remains significant only for a short duration of time. Various electronic sensors, e.g. Temperature, Moisture, Air Quality, Pressure, Wind Velocity etc. present in a Wireless Sensor Network generate streams of values. It can be processed using pipelines which provide prompt and quick analysis for decision making. Stream Processing Systems can be helpful in such cases as they analyse data streams within a few milliseconds to a few seconds. In this paper, we discuss an event based processing of streaming data from air pollution sensors to create a real time anomaly detection system. To reduce the delays associated with the generation of alarms in our pipeline, Apache Foundation's Stream Processing Tools, Kafka and Flink were used for operations on our streams. To further accelerate the process, all the analysis is conducted on an embedded edge computing gateway device rather than sending data to the cloud for batch processing. The results are obtained in the form of a geographical map visualization using ELK stack. The map highlights the coordinates of the location with an unhealthy air quality index in real time.


The Resolution on Boosting China s Cultural System Reform and Socialist Cultural Development was proposed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The key point of promoting culture reform and development is how to comprehend deeply the People Foremost is the first purpose of China s cultural system reform and development.Four strategic objectives are proposed based on grasping the People Foremost from the human study perspective;those are "knowledge equipment strategy literate-people","consciously shaping strategy moral-people","reality aesthetic strategy harmony-people","ultimate ideal strategy freedom-people".These objectives eventual unify in the reality life practice,constantly seeking truth and goodness,achieving the harmonious reality,leading to the ideal of development freely.


The algebro-geom etrical(or nite-gap)solutionsplay a very im portantrole in the m odern theory ofsoliton equations with periodic and quasiperiodic boundaryconditions.Them ain propertycharacterizingthesesolutionsisthe following:thewavefunction oftheauxiliary linearoperatorism erom orphic in spectralparam eter on the nite part ofan algebraic Riem ann surface. Itallowsto apply the powerfultoolsofclassicalalgebraic geom etry,and to write explicit representations for solutions and wave functions in term s of Riem ann -functions ofseveralvariables. Usually the algebro-geom etrical solutionsaredensein thespaceoftheperiodicones,and ifthenonlinearity tendsto zero,they degenerateto niteFouriersum s.Thereforetheirrolein thesoliton theory israthersim ilarto theroleof nite Fourierseriesforthe linearPDE's. The algebro-geom etricalsolutions ofsolition equations were rst introduced in thepaper[1]in 1974 dedicated to theintegration oftheKorteveg-


Huajian Biediao,as a literature phenomenon,has witnessed the overwhelming power of poetry tradition.Different from Huajian Zhengsheng which is confined to expression of emotion,Huajian Biediao covers a wide range of topics of history,customs,legends beyond the Great Wall,and eulogy on reclusive life.In terms of artistic characteristics,Huajian Biediao focuses on narrative feature and on learning from folk songs and therefore,has a distinctive feature of lyricism.This trait results from the evolution of literature itself and is the embodiment of the history of the expressive and impressive traditions.Huajian Biediao is,to be sure,the extension of the literal ci in Mid-Tang Dynasty.Moreover,it reflects the multi-dimentional stylistic development of ci,which freed ci from the limitation of sentimentalism.It is under the combined influence of Huajian Zhengsheng and Huajian Biediao that ci transfers gradually from the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to North Song Dynasty.


This paper describes a system attended in the SemEval-2018 Task 1 "Affect in tweets" that predicts emotional intensities. We use Group LSTM with an attention model and transfer learning with sentiment classification data as a source data (SemEval 2017 Task 4a). A transfer model structure consists of a source domain and a target domain. Additionally, we try a new dropout that is applied to LSTMs in the Group LSTM. Our system ranked 8th at the subtask 1a (emotion intensity regression). We also show various results with different architectures in the source, target and transfer models.


Self-Organized radio wireless networks are composed of dynamically distributed mobile nodes without any wired backbone or centralized entities. This network is known MANET. In this paper, we proposed traffic load Estimation method based on an exponential decrease function and then present in Traffic-Sensitive S-TDMA Scheduling algorithm. Furthermore, we look into two parameters window size and gamma. This traffic estimation method based on exponential decrease function may also work for other traffic models if fine tuning of the above parameters have been made. In general The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is responsible for how this radio resource is divided between the nodes. Spatial Time Division Multiple Access (S-TDMA) is an example of MAC protocol. By definition, optimum network performance is achieved when the average packet delay is minimized.


The lack of spatial anisotropies in the sky map distribution of observed cosmic neutrinos hints towards the extra-galactic nature of their major sources. However, strong constraints are imposed by the Fermi-LAT data on the isotropic gamma-ray background in hadronic production scenarios, suggesting that the observed neutrinos might possibly originate in sources that remain hidden to gamma-ray observations. We discuss the possibility that neutrinos may come from choked jets, namely those resulting from a supernova explosion such that the collimated material fail to break out of the stellar envelope. In particular, we estimate the neutrino flux and spectrum expected from choked Gamma-Ray Bursts, focusing on Type II SNe, by performing detailed calculations of pW interactions and accounting for all the neutrino production channels and scattering angles. We provide predictions of expected event rates for operating neutrino telescopes, as ANTARES and IceCube, as well as for under construction telescopes, as KM3NeT. We also compute the contribution of the choked GRB population to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, thus providing constraints on the local rate of this source population as to reproduce the observed neutrino flux.


METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBER anisotropic. THIS IS A METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBER anisotropic FROM FISH coal tar, which states PEZ coal tar, prior to spinning, filtered and filtering of fish is distilled in an evaporator THIN OR cONCENTRATION IS RAISED TO GIVE A fRACTION FISH FORMING mesophase. CONCENTRATE FISH OBTAINED IS TURNED IN A FISH mesophase by means of heat treatment, SO THAT STAGE TREATMENT, DIFFICULT AND LARGE COSTS IN THE COURSE OF PRODUCTION OF FIBERS, namely HEAT TREATMENT SUBSEQUENT FIBER HILADAS FISH MAY BE CARRIED OUT PARTICULARLY quickly and easily. Sculpin, very viscous, is spun on a machine spinning machine PROFITABLY CENTRIFUGA, in progress, prior to spinning, ONE OR INCORPORATION, before oxidation, an application spacers in powder form. SUBSEQUENT HEAT TREATMENT takes place in a treatment facility WORKING Cyclically, and certainly run ALLI PROCESSES, oxidation, by evacuating, charring, by evacuating, GRATIFIZACION and cooling.


In this paper, the transmission architecture of terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) system is studied to develop an 'ensemble' analysis method for video services. And a novel ensemble analysis system which consists of a hardware module for signal processing and a software module for analysis processing is designed and implemented.


Given a set of relative similarities between objects in the form of triplets "object i is more similar to object j than to object k", we consider the problem of finding an embedding of these objects in a metric space. This problem is generally referred to as triplet embedding. Our main focus in this paper is the case where a subset of triplets are corrupted by noise, such that the order of objects in a triple is reversed. In a crowdsourcing application, for instance, this noise may arise due to varying skill levels or different opinions of the human evaluators. As we show, all existing triplet embedding methods fail to handle even low levels of noise. Inspired by recent advances in robust binary classification and ranking, we introduce a new technique, called t-Exponential Triplet Embedding (t-ETE), that produces high-quality embeddings even in the presence of significant amount of noise in the triplets. By an extensive set of experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets, we show that our method outperforms all the other methods, giving rise to new insights on real-world data, which have been impossible to observe using the previous techniques.


..............................................................................................vii Acknowledgments..................................................................................viii Chapter 1 – Introduction..............................................................................1 I. Trouble Me With Three Notes About Theories Incomplete...........................3 II. There Is Trouble Up Ahead Towards A Legal Theory of Sexuality..................7 Chapter 2 – Legal Conceptions Of Sexual Nature And Natural Sex..........................13 I. Sexuality As A Social Construct.........................................................21 II. An Introduction To Queer Theory.........................................................34 Chapter 3 – Natural Categories And Non-Categorical Approaches To Sexuality...........46 I. 'The Rapist' And 'The Pedophile' – Natural Deformities Or Human Products?...47 i) Foucault's Precocious Child..................................................48 ii) Foucault's Village Idiot.......................................................53 II. Similar Fact Evidence.....................................................................54 i) The Evolution Of Similar Fact Evidence In Canada........................56 ii) The Significance Of Similar Fact Evidence In Lower Court Cases.....70 iii) A Propensity To 'Relate'......................................................77 iv) Folding Propensity To Relate Into Propensity To 'Be'.................. 82 v) Adult Complainant Cases......................................................91 vi) What Ought The Court To Do?..............................................................94 III. The Criminal Regulation Of Child Pornography.......................................95 IV. Conceptions Of Sexuality Under Section 15..........................................106 i) The Categorical Approach To Section 15 And Its Critics.............106 ii) Family As Status Under Section 15......................................116 V. The Sexual Hostility Of Sexual Harassment – A Non-Categorical Approach...126 i) Straight Eye For The Straight Guy, High School Pariahs And Social Solutions.......................................................................130 Chapter 4 – Queering Sexual Assault: Socially Constructed Conceptions Of Sexual Violence..............................................................................143 I. The Power Feminist Intervention......................................................145


running the valve control unit (9) for a ramjet (2) with a power unit space (3) and with a valve (6) for controlling a time required for the driving amount of fuel as well as with a valve actuator (7) by an electronic control unit (8) operable is characterized in that the valve (6) with its valve control unit (7) and its electronic control unit (8) to a thermally insulated valve assembly (10) are combined, wherein the valve assembly (10) for arrangement in the power unit space (3) is executed.


Polysaccharides are polymers of carbohydrates with anenormous structural diversity, from long linear repetition ofthe same monomer to highly branched structures of dif-ferent sugars. This high structural diversity reflects thefunctional diversity of these molecules. There are twotypes of polysaccharides, storage polysaccharides (i.e.glycogen) and structural polysaccharides, which are nor-mally secreted by the cell and form different cell structures(i.e. cellulose, chitin). Extracellular polysaccharides orexopolysaccharides belong to this last group.Exopolysaccharides are produced not only by microor-ganisms, but also by algae, plants and animals (Suther-land, 2005). Bacterial exopolysaccharides are a majorcomponent of the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) or matrix of biofilms, and mediate most of thecell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions required forbiofilm formation and stabilization (Flemming and Win-gender, 2010). The matrices of biofilms from natural envi-ronments, such as marine and fresh water, soil, or chronicinfections, contain a ubiquitous composition of polysac-charides. More than 30 different matrix polysaccharideshave been characterized so far. Several are homopoly-saccharides (i.e. glucans, fructans, cellulose), but most ofthese are heteropolysaccharides consisting on a mixtureof sugar residues. Exopolysaccharides can even differbetween strains of single species, as exemplified bystrains of


Current federal research regulations for the protection of human subjects are designed to uphold 3 basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Research investigators and institutional review boards share responsibility for applying these principles through optimizing informed consent, minimizing research risks, and selecting subjects equitably. Children are afforded additional regulatory protections, and research involving neonates in particular carries unique challenges to successful implementation of these core ethical principles. Further complications arise from alternate interpretations of research regulations, an inevitable part of the struggle to keep pace with continuous and rapid advances in medical practice.


The main purpose of this study is to build a decision-making support system for local self-governments in rural areas based on the regional economic model KREI-REMO developed in 2010. This study has four key goals: first, establish a basic direction for building a rural development decision-making support system(RDSS); second, suggest a database sub-system to be used and applied by decision makers in local self-governments; third, connect KREI-RDSS with the revised and updated KREI-REMO developed in 2010 to update the D.B. and model framework; fourth, establish a user sub-system in RDSS and suggest its utilization. The main outputs of this study are as follows. We suggested basic direction, purpose, vision and development steps for building a rural development decision-making support system (KREI-RDSS) classified into database sub-system, model sub-system, and user interface. We selected 32 indicators and 5 indexes as the first-stage KREI-RDSS database using population, economy, livelihood, social welfare, environment, and regional development index. In KREI-REMO 2011, we first divided local districts into 6 types. Each type is classified by population, employment, industrial production and local government finance and estimated by panel analysis. We predicted 10 years' baseline of each local area with the model and developed a user interface in KREI-RDSS in consideration of usage convenience, application, extension, and Web Style Guide(WSG). Finally, we illustrated the practical use of the user interface system in detail.


Virgin rapeseed oil is appreciated for its unique fresh and mild taste that resembles asparagus, cabbage or fresh green vegetables. These flavour properties are directly correlated with the value of the oil for the consumer and determine the success or failure of this product on the market. The sensory assessment of virgin rapeseed oils is presented, the advantages and challenges of a panel group are discussed, and the preparation of test samples with known off-flavours is explained. Another way to improve the acceptability of virgin rapeseed oil on the market and to strengthen the confidence of the consumer in this product is to award good products with the German Society for Fat Science (DGF) medal.


Central Lapland Greenstone Belt is highly prospective for gold and Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. The study area in Sodankylä, in northern Finland, has been glaciated during last ice ages forming complex sedimentary succession with low conductivity till and highly variable sorted sediments, which hydraulic conductivity can be orders of magnitudes higher. The complex Quaternary sediments usually cover weathered/fractured bedrock, which is preserved due to weak glacial erosion and can host bedrock aquifers, as well. Rivers, lakes, streams and mires are common features in northern boreal and subarctic regions and their hydraulic interactions are usually poorly understood.

Planning of mining operations in such environments needs a detailed understanding of water balance and groundwater discharge and recharge patterns, which are linked to subsurface sediments. In baseline studies, present hydrogeology, hydrology and ecology of the development site has usually been studied intensively. However, main rivers in northern Finland have been regulated since the 1970s and surrounding environments are not in their natural stage. The understanding, how much the environments could have been changed due to the regulation, is needed.

The study area locates in the western part of Natura 2000 protected Viiankiaapa mire, which lies about 300 meters above high-graded Ni-Cu-PGE deposit. The regulated River Kitinen is running close to the western edge of the Viiankiaapa mire. The construction of the hydroelectric power plants and the regulation of the River Kitinen has changed the hydrology of the study area from the 1970s onwards. The Matarakoski power plant built in 1995 affected the study area most directly by ending the regular spring floods and rising the river stage.

The changes in the groundwater flow and recharge/discharge patterns were studied with 3D groundwater flow modelling with MODFLOW-NWT and flood modelling with HEC-RAS. Pre-regulation situation was compared to the present stage with two different groundwater flow models in order to understand how regulation of river has affected the groundwater recharge/discharge patterns and flow patterns of the mire. Flood modelling was used to simulate the pre-regulation flood distribution.

The regulation of the River Kitinen has affected the western part of Viiankiaapa mire by raising the water table and smoothing the hydraulic gradient towards the river leading to partial wetting of the mire. Annual water table variations decreased due to ending of the flooding and the regulation created a more stable hydrological environment in mire area.  The stabilization of the hydrological environment, as well as the rising of the water table, might have affected the distribution of habitats of endangered moss species Hamatocaulis vernicosus. The mire might have become more favourable for Hamatocaulis vernicosus, which is resistant to flooding and high water table. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions of surface water and groundwater and the present and pre-regulated stage of the river in order to assess the difference between the present and natural stage of the mire.


470War and armed conflict — Effect on treaties — Bilateral treaties on economic matters — Whether terminated or suspended by outbreak of war — Liability for losses sustained as a result of war — Economic loss Treaties — Termination and suspension — Effect of outbreak of war between the parties — Conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia


In the ongoing Covid-19 panemic the social distance is needed to guarantee healthy oral Communications even with the wearing of a mask. In this paper the so-called social distancing is calculated with the usage of simple kinematics and other physics-based concepts. According to the calculations of this study the distance depends on the square root of a logarithm and the initial number of expelled aerosols per unit of volume. Computational simulations were carried out. The result havd shown that the environment that supports the lifetime of aerosol is a relevant variable that suggests that thermodynamics needs to be applied to formulate a precise theory of infection based at aerosols in order to estimate an universal social distancing policy.


The NNSIM development environment for neural networks aims to cover the path from abstract design to silicon realizations. In the paper, some of the underlying concepts are outlined. From a discussion on the relation between design and prototyping, two digital neural network implementation styles are introduced. Subsequently, the impact of area/time trade- offs on the architecture is analyzed. Finally, the required extensions to NNSIM are listed and a typical application is briefly reviewed.


Mr. Eugene Meyer of the United States, elected June 4, 1946, by the Executive Directors of the International Bank to serve as its President, announced on December 4, 1946, his resignation from that position, effective December 18 or on such earlier date as his successor might be elected. Mr. John J. McCloy, also of the United States, was named as his successor by the Executive Directors on February 28, 1947. Mr. McCloy assumed his duties on March 17.


Mercury in soil/sediment certified reference materials was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry(CV-AAS) after ultrasonic-assisted nitric acid extraction.Based on the results of orthogonal experiments,the extraction conditions were optimized as follows: nitric acid concentration was 9.0 mol/L,ultrasonic frequency was 15 kHz and ultrasonic time was 10 minutes.The linearity was good for Hg in the range of 0.1-10 μg/L.Under the optimum conditions,the detection limit for Mn was 0.009 μg/L.Experiment results showed that the extraction efficiency and the relative error(RE,n= 4) of ultrasonic-assisted nitric acid extraction method were 98.2 % and 1.8 %,respectively,which were all better than those of traditional water-bath digestion methods.This method has been applied to the analysis of mercury in soil and sediment certified reference materials,and the determination results accord with the certified values with the recoveries of 103 % and 99 % and relative standard deviations(RSD,n= 5) of 0.55 % and 0.40 %,respectively.


The aim of the article was to determine to what extent the NIMBY syndrome may hinder the implementation of investments in waste management in the Małopolskie Voivodeship. The background of the analysis was the premise of the European Green Deal, including the need to implement a circular economy. The article consists of an analysis of investment outlays in waste management in Małopolska, defining the NIMBY syndrome, and an analysis of the results of a survey conducted among respondents in the region. It was found that potential investments in waste management should not encounter financing problems. In terms of public resistance, social protests can be triggered by investments in the form of landfills and waste incineration plants. Investments related to waste recycling raised less public objection. Social opposition also grew when the more pejorative name of the facility was used.


Synopsis The distribution of the immunoglobulin allotypic markers G1m(1), G1m(2), G1m(3), G3m(5) and Km(1) was determined in 168 hospitalized Caucasian chronic schizophrenic patients and compared with that in healthy controls. No association between Gm or Km phenotypes and chronic schizophrenia is apparent.


WTO negotiation is, substantially, intercultural communication in international business activities. With a better understanding of different culture and a good mastering of intercultural communication, trade negotiation will be carried on smoothly and positively.


Reviewed Medium: book
 Authors: Kyra E. Hicks
 Year: 2009
 Pages: 180
 Details: Foreword by Bill Gaskins
 Publisher: Black Threads Press
 ISBN: 978-0-9824796-5-0 (soft cover).


Domestic violence has long been a problem of humanity, and Ecuador has not escaped this problem that unfortunately has universal occurrence, so as a future lawyer and deeply respectful of the rights of man man, I was interested in making research related to this problem, in this quest has executed this work is titled "PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AS A CRIME OR HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, AND TYPING iN IMPROPER INTEGRAL ORGANIC PENAL CODE".

The study is part of the analysis of psychological violence, because it is this form of domestic violence, which highest incidence is in Ecuadorian society, and because the consequences or negative effects caused by the victim, are much more serious than caused by physical violence. In reviewing the rules of the Code Integral Criminal, I was able to determine that the coercive regime, ie the penalties to punish those responsible for this unlawful and inhuman behavior, they are too weak, or at least not all proportion to the gravity behavior committed by the offender and the negative impact this behavior has on the victim, also in the code indicated there are problems regarding the procedure applicable to the adoption of protective measures designed to help the victim and prevention more aggression, which constitutes a legal problem that becomes the object of study of this research, which according to regulatory requirements have broad theoretical basis, based on conceptual, doctrinal, legal and comparative law elements, and also contains results obtained by applying the survey and interviews, all of which sustains the approach of a legal proposal which is the main contribution I make as a researcher, to provide efficient protection of the right to humane treatment of women and other members of the family


A critical component of the Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment [1] for proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration is the source that provides the suitable plasma environment. The stringent requirements: scalable in length (~100 m in future experiments) [2] , high electron density (n e ) (2 x 10 20 m -3 – 7 x 10 20 m -3 ) with a longitudinal homogeneity at the 0.25% level [3] , and tunnel compatibility, pose a major physical and engineering challenge to the plasma source and the corresponding diagnostics.


Abstract. Taking a dynamic perspective on goals and their representation over the course of goal pursuit, we explore shifts in goal orientation, particularly when encountering setbacks during goal pursuit. In general, goals can be oriented toward achieving gains, maintaining a current state, and avoiding a loss (i.e., goal orientation; Freund & Ebner, 2005 ). Existing research on goal orientation has focused on age-related differences in goal orientation but assumed that goal orientation is stable over the course of goal pursuit. Taking a short-term, dynamic approach focusing on changes in goal orientation during the pursuit of a given goal, we propose that goal orientation can shift depending on goal progress and the perceived likelihood to achieve the desired outcome. In particular, we suggest that goal orientation remains stable during goal pursuit when progress occurs at the expected rate. However, when goal progress is hampered by setbacks or failures, we propose that people are more likely to shift their orientation toward the avoidance of failure or loss, particularly when they pursue their goal with a backup plan in mind ( Napolitano & Freund, 2016 ). Similarly, when progressing unexpectedly fast in counteracting a loss, we posit that people likely shift from a loss to a gain orientation. After proposing foundational processes for motivational shifts during goal pursuit, we discuss how a "motivational shift" perspective can impact future work on self-regulation and goal striving.


FOR PRODUCING TREATED activated protein C protein C with plasmin. Activation occurs quickly and easily. Thrombin WITH PREVENTS CONTAMINATION OF ACTIVATED PROTEIN C.


The [4 + 2]-hetero-Diels—Alder reaction tolerates a broad range of alkenes including 1-substituted and acyclic as well as cyclic 1,2-disubstituted ones which react according to the title reaction to form chromanes with two stereocenters with excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.


as Strindberg's Somngdngarndtter pd vakna dagar comprises a sifting and weighing of possible solutions to life, it is essentially an ethical poem, whose theme is the question that its author asked so often: "What is the truth?" Like Lycko-Per or Arvid Falk, its poet confronts an array of aesthetic, intellectual, and religious alternatives, evaluates them, and finally defines his own position in their midst. But his odyssey is also psychological, for he employs the dream as a means of self-analysis. Strindberg's characteristic statement that Somngdngarndtter was "min sista strid med mig sjelf," from February 1884, ought to point us both ways.1 Strindberg's interest in psychology, of course, is present in his works from the start three of his earliest dramas, for example, are in part analytical studies of a Romantic, promethean type of character.2 Yet I think it is safe to say that ideas dominate these plays nonetheless. Master Olof is more important as an evaluation of ethical and religious perspectives upon truth than it is as a personal anatomy of Olof s nearly tragic idealism if Strindberg had been interested primarily in the implications of Olof s individual character, he would have made the play a tragedy. So too in Roda rummet Arvid Falk samples thoroughly what the Oscarian society of Stockholm serves up, and in the various dramas and tales from the early 1880s, as well as in Dikter pd vers och prosa, aesthetic and ethical viewpoints still seem to be Strindberg's chief concern. Somngangarndtter, at least in retrospect, thus builds a watershed. From its conception on, Strindberg's literary interests waxed even more biographical and psychological, more subjectivistic, than they had ever been before, as he gradually evolved a psychological philosophy of human character, a new, more constant vantage that was to last him through the remainder of the decade.3 It is neither my task nor my purpose to define what I call Strindberg's philosophy here at any length, but I must at least refer to it as I sketch the background for the brief continuation of Somngangarndtter that he composed in 1889, a poem which so far no one has discussed in much detail.4 Strindberg's ideas were at first naturalistic: in Giftas (1884) he meticulously portrays his characters


There is broad agreement that internet access is important for children and provides them with many opportunities. Yet crucial questions remain about what we hope children will do online and if the opportunities provided are translating into clear benefits. What do children actually need to be able to benefit from the opportunities that the internet brings? Is there a gap between expectations and reality? The answers to these questions matter to: Governments striving to provide connectivity for families in homes, schools and communities; parents and educators who must overcome problems of cost, risk, or lack of skill, so that children may benefit from online opportunities; child rights advocates and practitioners who call for resources to empower and protect children online; and children themselves, many of whom want to take advantage of online opportunities for personal benefit.


【Generally brittle eta phase produced during TiC deposition has a bad effect on the TRS (transverse rupture strength ; thoughness). Therefore it is necessary to reduce eta(η) phase for the improvement of tool life. At this experiment some properties (TRS, bonding strength, tool life, eta phase) have been investigated by inserting TiN or TiCN underlayer between TiC layer and substrate. The results obtained were as fellows; 1. by inserting underlayer eta phase was decreased and TRS was increased, but the bonding strength was decreased. 2. the diffusion of W, Co from the substrate was hindered by the underlayer. 3. TiC layer with TiCN underlayer had the finsest gain size. 4. by inserting underlayer (TiCN or TiN) the tool life was improved and especially notch and crater wear resistance was greatly improved.】


Based on provincial panel data(1990—2009),this paper estimates the employment elasticity of China.By comparing the point elasticity estimates with the arc elasticity estimates,calculating the employment elasticity of agriculture,industry,service sectors respectively,and comparing employment elasticity of different areas(eastern,central,and west),we can draw conclusions as following: technological progress in general tends to save labor;industrial structure significantly impacts the overall employment elasticity;the employment elasticity among regions varies obviously.On the whole,industrial sectors still have large employment potentials,but service sectors will be the most important driving force of employment in the long run.


How do you and your administrative staff rate as classroom observers? The results of a survey of Connecticut edu cators, presented here, may provide some insights.


In the current era, transferring human heritages from one nation to another and from one language to another is one of the most important development tools of civilization and the study of literature works of Iran and Arab is of great importance. These two are closely related with Islamic common culture during many centuries and the effect of these common cultural relations reflected them in various fields especially in their literature and one of the complexes one is story. In the current study, we investigated about the importance of literature, different kinds and life history of women of Arab world literature including Qade Al-Saman. In addition, we deal with the literature of Iran. [Entesar Bek Khoshnevis, Amir Esmaeel Azar, Abdolhoseyn Farzad. The effect of Qade Al-Saman "Arab contemporary writer" in Arab and Iran literature. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):4757-4762] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 714


Collecting data in a reliable and scalable way from a broad variety of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors requires significant effort, leading many researchers to use ad hoc data collection and storage systems that are unable to handle the quantity of data generated in dense urban environments, or to support long-term studies. In this paper, we present Karibu: a data collection architecture and reference implementation designed to meet the needs of the urban IoT community. Karibu enables sensor data collection from diverse sources and reliably stores the data in a scalable backend subsystem, allowing users to more efficiently pursue their research goals. We lay out the guiding principles of the Karibu architecture, including the data integrity and the modifiability design principles. We then detail our open source reference implementation of the architecture, which includes flexible and configurable client-side modules supporting the collection of data from heterogeneous sources and data types. Finally, we present our experiences using Karibu in two urban research projects: trip and transportation mode detection on smartphones, and exploring resource consumption in a highly-instrumented college dormitory.


The tree growth-ring proxy data are employed to analyze the precipitation trend by Wavelet analysis and singular spectrum analysis method in the central Shaanxi area from May to June in next 20 years.The results show that in this area,quasi-20a period of precipitation is minimum in 2005,and maximum in 2016.quasi-10a period of precipitation is base,minimum is in 2013 and 2023,and maximum is in 2010 and 2019.


In 1958, Roger Penrose proposed an interesting two-dimensional geometry (known as the Penrose unilluminable room) which always has dark regions unreachable by optical rays regardless of where a point light source is set within the cavity. In the present work, the dependency of resonance modes on the asymmetry of the cavity shape of the Penrose unilluminable room was investigated using numerical calculations based on the finite element method. It was found that there exist resonance modes which are extremely sensitive to the asymmetry of the cavity shape. The formation mechanism of these resonance modes can be explained by the modal interaction between two resonance modes confined in different cavity regions.


Due to the dynamic behavior of the milling machine, the milling operation can proceed from the stable milling domain in the unstable domain although the depth of milling, the cutting speed and feed rate are rigorously calculated. The stable milling domains can be identified through stability charts which are calculated with specific algorithms that use as input data the modal parameters of the milling machine. We calculated and drew the stability diagrams modeling the cutter vibrations as a one degree of freedom oscillator. For this we implemented the semi-discretization algorithm in software written in Pascal language. Keywords: milling machine, stability diagram, semi-discretization algorithm


Design a charging pile electric energy verification device to improve the electric energy measurement accuracy of the charging pile. The device is mainly used for detecting whether the charging pile can be correctly configured, including a tariff period, a billing unit power, a billing rate, and the like, and detecting the communication reliability of the charging station. The test charges the pile output data by the broadband current comparator. Through RS485 communication mode, the instrumentation communication with the charging pile is always used to improve the accuracy of detection and measurement. The design and development of the DC charging pile verification device promoted the construction of the charging infrastructure and solved the charging problem of the electric vehicle.


1. Long-term effects of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity-entrance restrictors. D. R. Wood, L. W. Burger, Jr., F. J. Vilella, and B. E. Raulston. 2000. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 28(1):105– 109.—Competition for breeding cavities may be a limiting factor in Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) populations. Cavity restrictors, which decrease the size of cavity openings, have been used by managers to prevent kleptoparasitism or cavity enlargement of cavities used by Red-cocked Woodpeckers. The use of cavities fitted with restrictors by Redcockaded Woodpeckers has previously been examined by other researchers but only 1–2 years after restrictor installation. The investigators in this study examined the use of cavities fitted with restrictors 8–9 years after installation on the Bienville National Forest in Mississippi in June 1998 and January 1999. They examined Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities that had been fitted with restrictors in 1989 (n 5 87) and 1990 (n 5 20). They found that most cavities (90% from 1989 and 73% from 1990) were not used by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, primarily due to usurpation by southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys Volans) or loss of the cavity itself. The authors felt that in addition to short-term benefits already described by other researchers, cavity restrictors also provide long-term benefits, provided maintenance and replacement were performed routinely. However, even though most cavities with restrictors were not available for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers due to the presence of flying squirrels, the authors assessment of long-term benefits of restrictors did not address this problem. [Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.]— John C. Carlson. 2. Analysis of population trends for farmland birds using generalized additive models. R. M. Fewster, S. T. Buckland, G. M. Siriwardena, S. R. Baillie, and J. D. Wilson. 2000. Ecology 81(7):1970–1984.—The most commonly used methods for estimating population trends from long-term abundance data are linear. In the United States, route regression is employed for determining trends in BBS data. England's Common Birds Census counts are typically analyzed using log-linear Poisson regression. Although these methods are adequate for determining an overall linear trend, they are inadequate if the overall trend is non-linear, such as an extended period of stable population size followed by a decline. The generalized additive model (GAM) technique provides a better estimation of the direction, magnitude, and timing of changes in bird populations. The GAM method models population trends as a smooth function of time, with the degree of smoothness determined by the smoothing parameter. The authors use smoothing splines for their illustration, but also indicate that locally-weighted, kernel, and running-median smoothers are also applicable with this method. Because the GAM method is non-parametric, the significance of the results can be determined using bootstrapping to calculate confidence intervals around the fitted trend line. There are 2 additional benefits to using the GAM method. First, by taking the second derivative of the fitted trend line, significant turning points in the population trajectory can be identified, which can allow researchers to identify causes of both declines and increases. Second, the GAM method can be modified to accommodate covariates such as weather conditions and other abiotic factors that may account for population trends. This would allow researchers to identify key variables responsible for a population's trajectory. The authors applied this technique to Common Bird Count data to illustrate the application of the technique. [Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; email: firstname.lastname@example.com]—Jeffrey J. Lusk.


The change of Chinese dialect geography in ancient times in the area of Helong,i.e.the upper reaches of the Yellow River,was closely related to the expansion and decline of the frontier fortress.The fighting soldiers and the immigrants for reclamation and settlement in the newly exploited land can be taken as the key symbols for the expansion of the Chinese language.It was in the Qin and Han dynasties that the Chinese language experienced its first transgression and regression in Gansu,Ningxia and Qinhai.In this article this process is well studied and its regional differentia is analyzed.It is clear that this expansion of the Chinese language has laid a base for the later change of the Chinese language in this area.


In the above-mentioned article, figure 6 (page 2668) is incorrect because of no adjustment of amplifier gain and 1-Hz shifting alignment in our early program. A correct version of figure 6 is shown below. The related description about figure 6 that is shown in the last paragraph of the EEG data title under the results section (page 2667) should read as "amplitudes of 9, 10, and 11 Hz". Based on this correction, a speculation of the upper alpha (10-12 Hz) enhancement in the 7th paragraph under the Discussion section (page 2671) is no longer relevant. Upon identifying this error, the authors evaluate and find no impact on the study's conclusion.


Theoretical analysis on the linearity of rotating displacement sensor. the magnetic induction density of radial magnetic field is the key facter that affects the linearity of rotating displacement sensor,while the magnetic induction density is affected by such factors as the length and radius of the primary coil and prejudicial distance and radius of Prejudicial disc and primary exciting current.After optimizing calculation of the linearity of rotating displacement sensor,the parameters has been optimally determined.Several analogue test of electronic regulator system are made on the basis of analogue test of electronic system.such as internal link system and external link system.The optimal parameter has been calculated on the well-balanced state of rotating displacement sensor,and it was very good in the aspect of both dynamic state that is 0.25 s and linearity is 0.4% in the electronic regulator system. It can meet the needs of well-balanced state of diesel.


1 Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, 2 Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 4 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand, 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 6 Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 7 Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 8 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia


When considering advocacy of split‐liver transplantation, it is important to understand whether comparable outcomes can be achieved. The goal of this study was to identify donor and transplant characteristics predictive of comparable outcomes by risk factor analysis. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing/ Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data base between January 1996 and May 2006, first time adult/child split cases (568 adults, 508 children) were examined. In multivariate analysis, recipient medical condition (hospitalization), status 1 assignment, ABO incompatibility, donor age (>40 years), donor body weight (≤40 kg), calculated whole graft volume to recipient body weight ratio (cGRWR ≤1.5%) and no sharing between centers were significant risk factors in adult recipients.


The present work describes the synthesis of WO3/WS2 core–shell nanorods (NRs) using plasma assisted sublimation followed by sulfurization process. In this process, WO3 nanostructured thin films were deposited using resistively heated tungsten (W) strip in the presence of O2 plasma and their subsequent sulfurization at different temperatures in the presence of H2S/Ar plasma. The sulfurization temperature (Ts) was varied from 150 to 550 °C in order to obtain the core–shell WO3/WS2 with varying shell thickness. The structural properties of the as-obtained core–shell nanostructures were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and morphological properties using SEM, HR-TEM. It is observed that an intermediate oxidation state (5+) of W is formed during the conversion of WO3 (6+) into WS2 (4+). The use of plasma reduced the energy barrier required for sulfurization. The mechanism for sulfurization of WO3 NRs in the presence of reactive species of H2S/Ar plasma is also proposed.


that U.N. Resolution 242 provided insufficient basis for negotiations. Hussein then made his announcement of 31 July severing ties between Jordan and the West Bank. The PLO moved to declare the establishment of a Palestinian state. Arafat and the Palestine National Council issued a series of statements which progressively drew closer to U.S. requirements, and the United States and the PLO began talks on 15 December 1988. The active intermediation of Secretary of State Baker could not solve the conflict over Palestinian representation and talks were suspended in June 1990. The Gulf War of 1991 convinced the Bush administration that the solution of the Palestine problem was urgent and left the Arabs with no alternative to accepting the Madrid conference that Baker devised. Although a great many Arabs have not viewed Jordanian policy exactly as Jordanian officials and to a large extent Dr. Al Madfai have, most Arabs and many others agree with the central thesis that U.S. policy has been dominated by Israel. As is common, Al Madfai and the Jordanian officials fail to discern the clear intent of U.S. efforts since 1967 to solve the Palestinian problem on the basis of restoration of the occupied territories to Arab sovereignty, efforts that created serious political problems for each administration. There is no awareness that Palestinian rights are much more clearly implicitly recognized in Resolution 242, the Camp David Accord, and the Reagan plan than recognition of Israel is in the Fahd and Fez plans. Al Madfai and the Jordanian officials take as given an Arab willingness to recognize Israel if Palestinian rights were guaranteed. They fail to note the persistent Arab assertion, until relatively recently voiced without hesitation, that Israel had no right to exist, a stance that combined with refusal to accept U.N. Resolution 242 or recognize Israel explicitly ensured that no U.S. government could talk with the PLO or pressure Israel significantly. The United States has had no means of exerting pressure on Israel, as Israel's military capabilities could not have been reduced except by a long period of withholding of supply by the United States while the Arabs, greatly more dependent on outside supply, were amply supplied. These common misperceptions of U.S. policy and the realities aside, the book has considerable merit. It makes excellent use of the public record and provides a great deal of unpublished information from the Jordanian archives and interviews with Jordanian and U.S. officials. Major events are related accurately, providing a very useful account of the subject.


MapGIS is a high-performance large-scale intelligent software systems which sets the most advanced graphics,images,geology,geography,remote sensing,mapping,artificial intelligence and computer science to one.It is applied widely in the work of overall land use planning,the function is formidable.Taking the compilation of overall land use planning map in Guangning County of Guangdong Province as an example,from aspects of material preparation,graph input,graphic edition,attribute edition and graphical output,this paper introduced the technology and the method of the compilation of overall land use planning map using the MapGIS software in detail.


The electronic structure of a quasicrystalline approximant sample is analyzed by means of a combined study of different experimental transport curves within a phenomenological approach. The main features of the obtained spectral conductivity are discussed and compared to those corresponding to icosahedral quasicrystals. Such a comparison provides interesting clues about the role of quasiperiodic order and of local atomic arrangements in the origin of unusual behaviors in the electrical conductivity and thermopower observed in complex metallic alloys.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of Doppler flow waveform of ductus venosus (DV) in screening of fetal cardiac malformation.Methods Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to study DV flow in 240 normal fetuses and 20 fetuses with cardiac malformation that were screened out from the high-risk fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD).Results ① The normal Doppler flow waveform of the DV was a characteristic triphasic pattern with forward flow during cardiac cycle,reflecting ventricular systole (S),ventricular diastole (D) and atrial systole (A).② In the group of 20 fetuses with cardiac malformation,eight had reverse flow and nine had decreased or absent flow during atrial contraction,the indices of the DV in fetuses with cardiac malformation were higher than those in gestational age-matched normal fetuses ( P 0.05 ).Conclusions Doppler ultrasonographic detection of DV blood flow will be useful as a new prospective technique in screening of fetal cardiac malformation.


Thermolysis of trialkyl 4-alkylthio-12bH-1,4-thiazepino[5,4-a]isoquinoline-1,2,5-tricarboxytates in refluxing xylene did not afford the usually expected desulfurized products such as benzoquinolizine derivatives (5), but formed trialkyl 2-(1-isoquinolinyl)-4-alkylthio-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3,5-tricarboxytates (4) in low to moderate yields. A similar treatment of the title compounds in the presence of a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene gave ring contraction and fragmentation products, trialkyl pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,2,3-tricarboxylates in moderate yields. 1,5-Sigmatropic shift of 7-thianorcardiene intermediates is involved in the formation of 2-(1-quinolinyl)-2,3-dihydrothiophene derivatives.


Increasing research and development efforts have been dedicated to the field of electroresponsive polymers (ERPs), including the development of materials and devices. In addition to their exceptional physical properties and low manufacturing costs, these materials also show remarkable charge storage and electrical properties. One particular class of these materials is the electroactive polymer (EAP), or artificial muscle - a new type of smart material with a broad range of potential applications such as electromechanical devices, energy storage devices, artificial muscles, air filtration, insulation, etc. This book shows research and commercial advances in the field and highlights the significant industry involvement: 3M is implementing piezomaterials in stethoscopes; Measurement Specialties Inc. highlights a range products employing PVDF sensors and EMFIT Ltd. presents ferroelectrets, in which microporous polymers show a piezoelectric coefficient at the level of ~300 pC/N. Additional topics include: sensors and their applications; polymer actuators and their applications; and polymer dielectrics and charge storage applications.


The impact of firm characteristics on the capital structure of the insurance industry in Bahrain is nowadays considered to be an important issue. Many insurance companies don't know what factors affect their capital structure, making ad-hoc, and sometimes inappropriate, decisions regarding their financial mix. We attempt to highlight the critical firm characteristics that managers should consider when setting their "optimal" capital structure. Our study is based on a multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS. Each independent variable along with the dependent variable is measured separately for a sample of insurance companies in Bahrain for the period of 2005-2009. Our research identifies a strong relationship between firm characteristics, such as (1) Tangibility of Assets, (2) Profitability, (3) Firm Size, (4) Revenue Growth, and (5) Liquidity, and observed capital structure, as represented by the Debt Ratio, although Profitability and Revenue Growth are not statistically significant and require further research.


The invention relates to a welding process of ultrahigh-strength steel and heterogeneous high-strength steel, belonging to the field of welding and processing. For solving problems, the invention provides a welding process of ultrahigh-strength steel and heterogeneous high-strength steel to ensure that welded joints have favorable formation and no welding defects and the mechanical properties can meet the requirement on the product. The welding process comprises the following steps of: (1) groove form: setting the groove angle on the end surface of the ultrahigh-strength steel to 37 DEG-45 DEG, setting the end face of a heterogeneous high-strength steel forging to a vertical plane, and adopting appropriate root gaps and truncated edges; (2) selection of a welding method and a welding material: bottoming by adopting melting pole mixed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with a Lincoln STT (Short Time Test) technology, wherein the welding requires single-face welding and double-face formation, welding wires adopt AWSA5.28ER80S-G, the protective gas is formed by mixing 80% of AR and 20% of CO2, and the gas flow is15-20 L/Min; and the filling and the cover face, wherein low-hydrogen shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is adopted, and AWSA5.5E11018M is selected as a welding rod. The welding process is used for welding and processing the ultrahigh-strength steel and the heterogeneous high-strength steel.


Although the presence of enzymes hydrolysing acetylcholine has been described in a wide variety of mammalian tissues, no report has yet been made, as far as we are aware, of the cholinesterase activity of isolated arteries. In view of the known actions of acetylcholine and eserine on blood vessels (see Dale, 1933; Grant, Bruce Pearson & Comeau, 1936; Alexander, Elliott & Kirchner, 1940), it is to be expected that certain of the structures in the vessel wall might contain a cholinesterase. It seemed, therefore, that more direct information on isolated arteries was needed, and in the course of experiments designed to study the problem of the increased sensitivity of denervated blood vessels (Armin, Grant, Thompson & Tickner, 1953) the arteries of the rabbit's ear were dissected out, and were found to hydrolyse acetylcholine readily. Since it is now clear that a number of different enzymes, each capable of hydrolysing choline esters, exist in mammalian tissues (Ord & Thompson, 1950), it was thought desirable to characterize this esterase more fully and to study its distribution in different blood vessels.


Tsunami is one of the worst marine disasters. Coastal lowland areas can be seriously flooded as the result of high tsunami waves,which cause a significant threat to human life and property. High tsunami waves can move an extensive amount of coastal sediments and cause a significant change of beach profiles in flooded regions. This paper summarizes the status quo and advances in the study of tsunami waves from the perspective of beach profile evolution,sand grains sorting,scour around coastal structures and numerical simulation. In general,it has been a lack of experimental study and numerical simulation of tsunami impacts in a controllable manner. Specifically,it has been a lack of concern on sorting of sand grains by tsunami waves and insufficient understanding of the mechanism of scour around structures,as well as a lack of multi-scale numerical simulation. The experimental study in the giant wave flume,the development of multi-scale hybrid mathematical models and the improvement on the sediment transport computation theory should be the focus points in tsunami studies. This review study provides a useful reference for the future research.


Generic medicines are those where patent protection has expired, and which may be produced by manufacturers other than the innovator company. Use of generic medicines has been increasing in recent years, primarily as a cost saving measure in healthcare provision. Generic medicines are typically 20 to 90% cheaper than originator equivalents. Our objective is to provide a high-level description of what generic medicines are and how they differ, at a regulatory and legislative level, from originator medicines. We describe the current and historical regulation of medicines in the world's two main pharmaceutical markets, in addition to the similarities, as well as the differences, between generics and their originator equivalents including the reasons for the cost differences seen between originator and generic medicines. Ireland is currently poised to introduce generic substitution and reference pricing. This article refers to this situation as an exemplar of a national system on the cusp of significant health policy change, and specifically details Ireland's history with usage of generic medicines and how the proposed changes could affect healthcare provision.


With technology adances a lot of new patologies are arising, which continuously undertake us to revise and adjust our knowledges about them. In Psychology thus happens, as in others health sciencies, this is obvious, for instance about sexual addiction on -line. A descriptive and distinguishing approach about existing and conceptualized psichopatology is proposed. Useful and orientative information is provided to understand and operate on this addiction.


digital system for stereotactic biopsy. System (1) digital to carry out stereotaxic biopsies with a biopsy needle, said system (1) a series of devices comprising: emit X-rays, detect and transform X-ray photons into electric signals, position a tissue sample between the source X-ray and the detector, processing the electrical signals and generate images. The system may well have a series of devices complementary to those mentioned, it may have a positioning means for positioning said two positions and imaging devices in two directions.


The article gives a typological orientation of Chinese curricula in normal colleges according to the types such as theoretical, knowledge or skill type. The typology is given between the courses and the orientation within one course. In the framework of the course typology the way of administering exams and tests is reformed and the features of different courses and the choice of the test form in accordance with the goal of cultivation are foregrounded.


The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one organic semiconductor and at least one organic solvent, characterized in that the formulation contains less than 10,000 particlesper liter formulation having an average size in the range from 0.1 to 20 [mu]m, to their use for the preparation of electronic devices, to methods for preparing electronic devices using the formulations of the present invention, and to electronic devices prepared from such methods and formulations.