Perceived engagement is defined as the extensive use of learning management system services, features, and capabilities. In the wake of the Coronavirus disease 2019, studies show that there is an increase in user engagement level toward the learning management systems, especially among tertiary education. Perceived engagement extends the previous concept of information system usage by incorporating several dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral perspectives. However, most of the research articles on user engagement are focusing on the level of the engagement, with the scarcity of research on its impacts. Thus, the aim of this study is twofold: first, to revisit and determine the level of user engagement with the learning management system. Second, to determine the relationship between the perceived engagement and perceived performance. To find the answer for the purpose of the study, a quantitative research methodology was adopted using convenience sampling. The instrument was developed by adapting and adopting previous research instruments. The instrument was expert reviewed and a pilot test was performed before the actual data collection. Data collection took two weeks involving students in one of the public universities in Malaysia. A total of 206 valid responses were received. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 26 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.3 for inferential analysis. Findings show that the current level of user engagement in using learning management system is moderate; perceived engagement has a predictive power on perceived performance; perceived engagement has a large effect size on perceived performance; and there is a moderate level of perceived performance among respondents.


In this paper, a certificateless proxy signature scheme is introduced. The advantage of our scheme is that it can be extended into a certificateless proxy blind signature scheme very easily.


We present evidence for the presence of specific, high-affinity binding sites for tritiated phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate on osteosarcoma-derived (HT-3) cells. Activation of protein kinase C by a phorbol ester resulted in an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity and the accumulation of prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin blocked prostaglandin E2 production and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. These data suggest that prostaglandin E2 is enhanced by activation of protein kinase C, and in turn, alkaline phosphatase activity is reduced.


INTRODUCTION
Despite the importance of the hope level increment in the patients with major depression disorder, fewer interventions have been applied to improve the hope level in the psychiatric patients, especially the depressed individuals.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the dignity therapy effect on the hope level in the patients with major depression disorder.

METHOD
In this random controlled clinical trial, 58 patients with major depression disorder, who were hospitalized in Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital of Mashhad, were separated into two intervention (28 individuals) and control (30 individuals) groups. The intervention group has taken the dignity therapy (based on the standard protocol in three 30-45 minutes sessions) and the control group have been undertaken the normal caregiving without intervention. The research tool was the Herth hope index, which was filled exactly before and after intervention. The data analysis has been done by SPSS 11.5 and exact Fischer tests, Chi square, independent t-test and paired t-test.

RESULTS
65.5 percent of the patients were female and 34.5 percent were male. Before the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference between the dignity therapy group (19.9±2.8) and the control group (20.5±1.6) in the average total hope score (p=0.39). However, the variations of the average total hope score before and after intervention between the dignity therapy group (4.7±2.9) and the control group (0.1±1.9) was significant (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
According to the dignity therapy effect on the hope level increment in patients with major depression disorder, this unique and short clinical trial can be employed to increase the hope level in the patients with depression disorder.


Objective
To explore the clinical effects of oxycodone combined with technetium [99Tc] methylenediphosphonate in the treatment of patients with pain of bone metastasis.

Methods
Ninety-six patients with bone metastasis pain were randomly divided into two groups: group A and group B, 48 cases in each group. The patients in group A were received oxycodone, and in group B received oxycodone combined with technetium[99Tc] methylenediphosphonate. All the course of treatment was 15 days. The therapeutic effect, quality of life, onset time of pain relief, duration of pain relief and average daily dosage of oxycodone were compared between the two groups.

Results
The total effective rate was 66.7% (32/48 cases) and 91.7% (44/48 cases) in group A and B respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05) . The improvement rate of quality of life was 37.5% (18/48 cases) and 64.6% (31/48 cases) in group A and B respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05) . The onset time of pain relief in group B was significantly faster than that in group A (P<0.05) . The duration of pain relief in group B was significantly longer than that in group A (P<0.05) . The average daily dosage of oxycodone in group B was significantly less than that in group A (P<0.05) .

Conclusion
Oxycodone combined with technetium [99Tc] methylenediphosphonate can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of pain and quality of life in patients with pain of bone metastasis, and reduce the average daily dosage of oxycodone.

Key words:
Neoplasm metastasis; Skeleton; Cancer pain; Oxycodone; Technetium [99Tc] methylenediphosphonate


which is apparent after a summer's vacation-and rightly so. Research conducted in the primary grades of the Laboratory School at Mankato State Teachers College over a period of four years showed a loss of 0.31 of a school year, or approximately three months in reading ability, when measured by the Gates Primary Reading Tests. When the Primary Reading Test of the Metropolitan Achievement Tests was given in May and repeated in September, the resulting scores indicated an average loss of approximately 0.43 of a year, or more than four months. The group for which it was possible to obtain scores was rather small and included more slow-learning children than average or superior children. In addition to losses in reading ability, the study revealed that many children coming into Grades II and III in the autumn had failed to retain a satisfactory amount of skill in writing and in the use of numbers. Recall, especially with younger children, seemed discouragingly slow. Other studies substantiated the findings at Mankato. Dix, wrote of an experiment with more than 150 fifthgrade pupils over a two-year period, in which the Woody-McCall Mixed Fundamentals in Arithmetic and the Woody Arithmetic Scales were administered in the spring and repeated in the autumn. The loss was found to


We place on the record a newly discovered amphicyonid (beardogs) upper molar from the Early Miocene Lower Red Mudstone Member of Aoerban Formation in central Nei Mongol. This molar is highly diagnostic of European haplocyonine or North American temnocyonine, two subfamilies of beardogs that have long been known in those continents but notably absent in Asia. The new molar is strikingly similar to Haplocyonoides mordax and Temnocyon percussor with its dumbbell-shaped M1 outline, reduced parastyle, isolated protocone by a surrounding cingulum, and extreme reduction of preand postprotocristae. Given the limited material at hand, we tentatively refer the new Chinese fossil to the European Haplocyonoides cf. H. mordax because of their similar size and age relationship. If this identification is correct, our new record thus fills a large gap in the geographic distribution of the haplocyonines and represents an excursion of this rare subfamily from Europe.


Background: A shedding product of PTK7 was detected in the culture media from colon cancer cells. Results: PTK7 is sequentially processed by ADAM17 and γ-secretase, and its cytosolic domain enhances oncogenic properties of colon cancer cells. Conclusion: The cytosolic domain of PTK7 generated by sequential cleavage of ADAM17 and γ-secretase promotes tumorigenesis. Significance: We provide a novel oncogenic mechanism of PTK7 upon its processing. Protein-tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a member of the defective receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and is known to function as a regulator of planar cell polarity during development. Its expression is up-regulated in some cancers including colon carcinomas. A 100-kDa fragment of PTK7 was detected in the culture media from colon cancer cells and HEK293 cells. The shed fragment was named sPTK7-Ig1–7 because its molecular mass was very similar to that of the entire extracellular domain of PTK7 that contains immunoglobulin-like loops 1 to 7 (Ig1–7). The shedding of sPTK7-Ig1–7 was enhanced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In addition to the sPTK7-Ig1–7 found in the culture medium, two C-terminal fragments of PTK7 were detected in the cell lysates: PTK7-CTF1, which includes a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic domain, and PTK7-CTF2, which lacks most of the transmembrane segment from PTK7-CTF1. Analysis of PTK7 processing in the presence of various protease inhibitors or after knockdown of potential proteases suggests that shedding of PTK7 into sPTK7-Ig1–7 and PTK7-CTF1 is catalyzed by ADAM17, and further cleavage of PTK7-CTF1 into PTK7-CTF2 is mediated by the γ-secretase complex. PTK7-CTF2 localizes to the nucleus and enhances proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent colony formation. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for PTK7 in the tumorigenesis via generation of PTK7-CTF2 by sequential cleavage of ADAM17 and γ-secretase.


The study on the stability margin of nonlinear systems is difficult and meaningful. This paper makes an initial research on the stability margin for a nonlinear system with the unmodeled higher-order uncertainty. Three stabilizing control methods are tried, and the additive-state-decomposition-based control is the best compared with the other two. The first control method is the feedback linearization control, which may lead to a singularity problem. To avoid the singularity, a backstepping controller is further designed. However, it is still hard to analyze the system stability margin due to the nonlinearity. For such a purpose, the third control method, namely additive-state-decomposition-based control, is proposed to overcome both problems above. Under the additive-state-decomposition-based control framework, the stability margin of the nonlinear system is studied by the Bode plot method, which can be realized via a data-driven method. Finally, a series compensator is designed to compensate for the unmodeled higher-order uncertainty, and make the system stability margin satisfy the design specification. The comparison of the three methods and the verification of the validity of stability margin are illustrated by the simulation.


For a long time whether natural resources have value has been a controversial issue in the academic circle.Some hold that since natural resources are natural and not products of labor,they do not have value.Others claim that natural resources have value because of their scarcity and utility.The authors maintain that people have generally neglected the work of searching and discovering before natural resources can become commodities.As a matter of fact,like any other products of labor,natural resources as commodities have value.Their value comes from man's abstract labor.The magnitude of value of natural resources is determined by the hours of socially necessary labor in searching and discovering the natural resources,because the work of individuals to search and to discover has become part of social labor.Therefore,the general human labor in a unit of the commodity resource turns to be the average socially necessary labor.


This work presents a novel algorithm to trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators with uncertain parameters and without joint velocity measurements. To cover these lack of joint velocity measurements, a free-model observer is employed. To test the usefulness of this proposed adaptive control, a comparison is made with two other adaptive controls. It is presented simulation results together with an index performance on tracking and speed errors to show the best behavior.


in turn, they argue that global recession remains a definite possibility based on various indicators and trends, growth in the US is assessed as fragile, recovery in East Asian NICs, Japan and Russia, unlikely in the short run, whilst only the European Union seems relatively stable. That said, since the Chinese economy is relatively robust and its debt service ratio still fairly low, China remains relatively well prepared for the future after its &dquo;soft landing&dquo; (controlled reduction in inflation without a major impact on GDP growth) of 1996. These examples provide just a flavor of the papers within this (as with most economics discourse) somewhat dry but eminently readable work. What is additionally fascinating about the text, highlighting its socio-political interest, is that this sample is not only representative of the other papers but would not be deemed out of place in any economics department in the world. Indeed, it seems


The standard dosage of Albert's fertilizer (T2) was compared with high dosage of Ca(NO3)2 with KCl amendment (T4) and high dosages of all the other nutrients (other than Ca(NO3)2) (T3) in Albert's fertilizer, keeping Calcium nitrate with Kristalon (Hydro) as a reference solution (T1) with respect to nutrient uptake, growth and yield of greenhouse tomato under grow-bag culture. A higher inter-node length and plant height were found with the application of high dosage of Albert's fertilizer (T3 and T4). However, thicker stems and shorter inter-nodes in T1 and T2, respectively indicated their vigorous growth. Higher dosages of N together with its favorable balance among N, P and K in Kristalon fertilizer (T1) appeared to be contributive for high rate of N uptake. Higher K dosage (with higher K:N ratio) in T4 and lower N:P ratio in T3 (2:1) appeared to be favorable for plant K and P uptake, respectively. The total and marketable yields of Kristalon fertilizer and the high dosage of Albert's fertilizer were higher than T2. The highest fruit formation was found in T1 but higher incidence of blossom end rot and lower fruit size caused it to be low yielding. INTRODUCTION Precision in plant nutrient supply in hydroponics culture is the most challenging management problem for growers. Precise control of plant nutrients in the hydroponics fertilizer is yet to achieve by the greenhouse vegetable growers in Sri Lanka. Albert's fertilizer (marketed by CIC and Unipower), the most widely used source of plant nutrients in greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka, comes as two separate packs of Ca(NO3)2 and all the other nutrients (1 kg each). Under standard dosage, these two packs are mixed at 1:1 ratio and applied at the rate of 0.2-1.0 g/plant/day, based on the growth stage of the crop. As a result, deficiency and toxicity symptoms followed by yield losses and degradation of fruit quality are usually found with the use of Albert's fertilizer. As an initial step towards the improvement of use of Alberts fertilizer, the balance between macro nutrients and the dosage of Albert's fertilizer was altered and compared with the standard dosage of Albert's fertilizer and another popular fertilizer for greenhouse tomato cultivation. 1 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Lanka. 2 Chemical Industries Colombo Ltd., No. 205, D.R. Wijewardena Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 3 Unipower (Pvt.) Ltd., 29/9, 2 Lane, Wickramasinghepura, Battaramulla. Ranasinghe & Weerakkody MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Peradeniya (midcountry Wet zone) during Yala season in 2004. The experiment was conducted as a RCBD with four treatments and three replicates. A renowned hydroponics fertilizer, Kristalon with calcium nitrate (Hydro-Agri) was used in Treatment 1 (T1) as a reference fertilizer and applied according to the recommended dosage of Hydro-Agri, Netherlands. The Treatment 2 (T2) was the standard dosage of Albert's fertilizer (CIC) (1:1 ratio). The recommended rate of growth stage-wise variation in fertilizer dosages was followed for T2 where 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 g/plant of Ca(NO3)2 were applied with equal amounts from the pack of other nutrients at 0-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-12, 12-24 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Dosage of Albert's fertilizer was increased by doubling the dosage of other plant nutrients (1:2 ratio) in T3 and doubling Ca(NO3)2 and adding KCl in T4 (2:1:2 ratio). As a result, the nutrient balances (K:N, N:P and K:Ca ratios) of the standard dosage of Albert's fertilizer were improved from 1.2, 3.4 and 1.4 to 1.9, 2.0 and 2.8, respectively in T3. The improved levels were comparable to that of Kristalon fertilizer (T1) (1.5, 3.4 and 2.9, respectively), except for N:P. Meanwhile, all these nutrient balances were much higher (5-6) in T4 due to high dosages of N and K. In addition, water supply was done, beginning from 100-600 l and increasing up to 1200 l/plant across the treatments. The resultant concentrations in the hydroponics solutions of the treatments varied within the Eelectrical Conductivity (EC) range of 1.0-1.4 dS/m. The pH was maintained at 5.5-6.5. Indeterminate type tomato hybrid, Alambra F1 was cultivated using manually irrigated, coir dust and sand (at 1:1) filled grow-bag culture. The basic crop management practices were done according to the procedures described by Weerakkody (2003). Plant growth was determined in terms of internode length, plant height, stem girth (at the third node) leaf number and Leaf Area Index (LAI) at three stages. Reproductive development was determined based on the earliness of flowering and fruit set and number of flowers and fruits. Finally, the yield and the quality of fruits were also determined. The leaf nutrient compositions determined at Early Flowering (EF) and Late Fruit Growth (LFG) stages were considered as estimates of the uptake rate of plant nutrients. The medium nutrient contents were considered as a measure of the availability of nutrients. Data analysis and statistical analysis were done through ANOVA procedure. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


The Målingen structure in Sweden has for a long time been suspected to be the result of an impact; however, no hard evidence, i.e., shock metamorphic features or traces of the impactor, has so far been presented. Here we show that quartz grains displaying planar deformation features (PDFs) oriented along crystallographic planes typical for shock metamorphism are present in drill core samples from the structure. The shocked material was recovered from basement breccias, below the sediment infill, and the distribution of the orientation of the shock‐produced PDFs indicates that the studied material experienced low shock pressures. Based on our findings, we can exclude that the material is transported from the nearby Lockne impact structure, which means that the Målingen structure is a separate impact structure, the seventh confirmed impact structure in Sweden. Furthermore, sedimentological and biostratigraphic aspects of the deposits that fill the depression at Målingen are very similar to features at the Lockne impact structure. This implies a coeval formation age and thus also the confirmation of the first known marine target doublet impact craters on Earth (i.e., the Lockne–Målingen pair).


Separated Layer Injection is widely used as an effective means of development in oilfields and the limit and time of Separated Layer Injection has a great influence on the development effect. According to the achievement of the fine reservoir description of research area, theory model is established. According to the oil displacement plan and development status of Second-class Oil Layers, the polymer flooding parameters are designed. Theory models with different permeability differential are designed, with the range of 1-6. Each model is simulated in different injection mode and separated injection timing. From the variation of water cut, remaining oil distribution and increment value of recovery rate, simulation results show that separated layer injection of polymer flooding should be applied when permeability differential reached 2. The best time of separated layer injection is related to the intensity of injection of high permeability reservoirs and low permeability reservoir. When the high permeability and low permeability oil layers have the same injection strength, Separated layer injection should be applied earlier. In the process of polymer flooding, water injection rate should not be excessively restricted on control layer injection, and it should be ensured in order to maximize the use of thick layer potential.


This essay takes Ningbo and Qingdao for example to analyze the Seaport function and evolution in the development of seaport cities; it also expounds that the development of seaport scale and speed influences the development and potentiality of the port cities thus deciding the rise and fall of the port cities.


An object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing device for PTP sheets and a manufacturing method for the PTP sheets, and the manufacturing device and the manufacturing method can modify wrong hanging of a container film and the like relative to a bag conveying roller. As pre-stage preparing process before manufacturing process of the PTP sheets (1), the container film (3) strides between the bag conveying roller (20) equipped with bag receiving recesses and a tightness adjusting roller (16), and the tightness adjusting roller (16) is arranged in manner that the tightness adjusting roller can move on an upstream side of the bag conveying roller (20). In the state, after the bag conveying roller (20) rotates, the bag conveying roller (20) is stopped on an occasion that a value of an encoder (E1) of the tightness adjusting roller (16) is a specified value, and thus the conveying path length of the container film (3) between the two rollers (20, 16) is adjusted to the specified length. At the moment, whether a value of an encoder (E2) of the bag conveying roller (20) is a specified value is determined, and the condition is issued on an occasion of inconsistency. Accordingly, an operator rehangs the container film (3) hung on the bag conveying roller (20).


The Rio de la Plata estuary is one of the largest estuarine environments of South America. It is characterized by a two-layer vertical salinity distribution and the existence of water masses convergence zones (fronts). Oceanographic scenario greatly influence the biology of the planktonic organisms that live in the water column, the benthic organisms that inhabit the soft sediment bottoms of the estuary, and the fishes, which show a differential degree of penetration into the diluted water of the estuary. Short and frequent events of strong weastward winds ('sudestada') alter completely the oceanographic conditions greatly influencing the especies ecology. Biological production of the estuary is high, and most of their organisms have a marine heritage.


rather than proclaiming the "death of god," in the fashion of nietzsche's madman, f. leron shults proudly proclaims the "birth of god" in his incendiary, radically iconoclastic book Theology after the Birth of God. shults argues, drawing on the multidisciplinary findings of the biocultural study of religion, that the commonplace belief in supernatural agents is the result of a variety of evolved cognitive and coalitional mechanisms that cause human beings to overdetect agency and that contribute to in-group cohesion—traits that would have been selected because they aided the survival of early hominids living in hunter-gatherer societies, but that are maladaptive in our contemporary context. in his most recent book, Practicing Safe Sects: Religious Reproduction in Scientific and Philosophical Perspective, shults expands on his arguments for "theogonic reproduction theory," supporting them with hundreds of empirical studies.1 for shults, these findings have potentially devastating consequences for traditional beliefs about god, liberating human beings "so that we can learn to live together—on our own," and respond to the unique political, economic, and environmental challenges of the twenty-first century.2 Just as theologians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries attempted to wrestle with the cultural death of god, so too theologians in the twenty-first century must ponder the implications of the birth of god. This paper is part of my own humble attempt to do so as a liberal theologian. i am a religious person—a unitarian universalist by ecclesial home, a unitarian christian by confession, and a religious naturalist by philosophical orientation—and shults's arguments have profound implications for how i approach my vocation as a religious educator and theologian.


Simple Summary The evolution of the flora of New Zealand has been the subject of many debates, including trans-oceanic dispersal and vicariance. Deschampsia, which is a grass genus distributed in cold–temperate regions of both hemispheres, includes the cosmopolitan D. cespitosa and several endemic species in New Zealand. We applied Restriction Site Associated DNA sequencing, plastid genome, and morphological data to study the evolution of Deschampsia in New Zealand. Native New Zealand D. cespitosa was found in a northern hemisphere clade together with samples of Europe, Canada, Russia, China, Korea, whereas the three endemics were found in a southern hemisphere clade, together with D. antarctica of Argentina and Antarctica. We hypothesize that the endemics diverged from a common ancestor with D. cespitosa in the late Miocene or Pliocene. Hybridization between D. cespitosa and the endemic D. chapmanii was confirmed. Our study qualifies as a model of thorough analyses for a non-model group and provides evidence for the evolutionary history of this widespread genus in New Zealand. Abstract The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.


Summary A SERIES of twenty-five cases of acoustic nerve tumours operated upon by a translabyrinthine-transtentorial technique, employing micro-surgical techniques is analysed from the point of view of preservation of the facial nerve after total removal. The size of the tumour, as expected, has been the most important factor in determining preservation of the structure. If there is to be a high rate of facial nerve preservation after acoustic nerve tumour surgery, the diagnosis must be made by the otologist (rather than the neurologist) who has the opportunity of diagnosing the lesion when it is still small.


Using a more general fog model requires integration of the fog-density function along the line from the eye to the surface. The first step of deriving the fast multi-layer fog algorithm takes advantage of the fact that the fog varies only as a function of height. The problem can be reduced to three variables: Y1, the height of the camera; Y2, the height of the surface point; and DD, the horizontal distance between the two points (points a and b in Figure 1):


This paper presents a case study of an LID pilot project that was built by the King County Road Services Division as part of an arterial intersection improvement project in 2007. The initial LID features of the project included pervious concrete sidewalks and a linear bioretention facility. Due to various problems that were encountered regarding the design, construction, and monitoring of the linear bioretention facility, however, the LID pilot project was substantially revised during the spring of 2009. Redesigning the LID pilot project was possible because of the flexibility and financial support from the Washington State Department of Ecology through their Low Impact Development Stormwater Grant Program. The reconfigured rain garden feature and simplified monitoring approach that emerged from that process are part of an ongoing learning process for implementing LID more effectively. The purpose of this paper is to share the lessons learned from this LID pilot project experience, particularly in terms of how LID can more effectively contribute to sustainable transportation infrastructure.


An infinite sequence of potential well functions is considered. A trial wavefunction is used with the Schr$\ddot{\text{o}}$dinger equation to obtain an approximate ground state energy for each potential well function. We obtain an expression that is exactly correct for the harmonic potential, has an intuitively correct form for all of our potential well functions and can be understood to be a partitioning of the ground state energy into two parts, one kinetic and one potential.


mobile technology has been available for at least a decade and is increasingly being used in developing countries as a way of contacting and connecting citizens and helping them to organize for a better life. [3] Mobile phones are not just for phone calls, but they can also be used to collectdatainseveraldifferentformatsandsendthemtoacentralserver.Therethedatacanbeaggregatedandanalyzed,withtablesandvisualizationsautomaticallygenerated.Whatisnewisthesheernumberofobservationpointsthatare potentially available by using mobile phones. With over 4 billionphones in use worldwide, the mobile phone network is emerging as a form of"global brain" with sensors everywhere. In addition, there are companies suchas Fourier Systems that provide purpose-built mobile devices that are specificallydesignedforscienceexperimentsinschoolsandfordatalogginginanyscienceproject. [3]


DESIGN
Identifying patients at risk for preterm delivery continues to be difficult.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed at evaluating fetal fibronectin concentrations in cervical secretions measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as a tool for of premature delivery screening in patients with preterm uterine contractions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Symptomatic 115 women, admitted to Department of Perinatology (RIPMMH) between 24 weeks 0 days and 34 weeks 6 days, with intact amniotic membranes, single pregnancy, cervical dilatation <3 cm and with no cerclage were included. Samples of the cervical secretion were taken every week until the delivery or to hospital discharge.

RESULTS
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 90.9%.

CONCLUSIONS
This test was found to be a good tool for the prediction of premature delivery.


Purpose – The production of photovoltaic solar energy has gained international prominence, being the subject of government policies aimed at its development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the profitability of a shared photovoltaic solar energy project, located in the national territory, resulting from changes in regulatory framework of the sector represented by different tariff levels.Design/methodology/approach – It is a quantitative study based on corporate finance as its theoretical-conceptual substrate. Simulations were carried out using different energy price and tariff scenarios.Findings - The results reveal that, under current conditions, distributed photovoltaic solar energy generation is financially very attractive to investors. In addition, it was found that significant changes in the tariff regime for this type of energy might prevent new investments in the segment. Practical implications – The evidence suggests caution in changing the legal framework of a segment that is still incipient in the country, which generates clean and renewable energy, and with enormous growth potential.Originality/value - The study presents, in a systematic way, the possible impacts of changes in the price and tariff scenarios on the attractiveness of investment in the distributed generation of photovoltaic solar energy generation. In this sense, it can be easily adapted to evaluate industrial plant projects of different sizes in regions with distinct levels of solar irradiation.


The author uses Bayesian game model to analyze the game between medical institutions and farmers in the new rural cooperative medical system,the reason for the supply of medical service inducing demand and the conspiracy of medical institutions and farmers caused by moral risks and suggests the construction of the third part purchasing mechanism to control the unreasonably quick increase in medical costs.


On a balancing problem of flexible rotors, unbalance of rigid body modes are eliminated with a dynamic balancing machine and each bending mode is balanced in the field with the rotor mounted in its own bearings. Though rigid body modes and bending modes are considered separately on usual steps, simultaneous balancing must be needed for very flexible rotors on which rigid body modes and bending modes are strongly coupled. In this paper, we propose the modal balancing method in which both rigid body modes and bending modes are considered simultaneously. By using this method and a feature of (N+2) plane balancing, flexible rotors can be balanced on a dynamic balancing machine without an expensive field balancing. In experiments, a flexible rotor is balanced by the proposed method and the ordinary influence coefficient balancing method, and the residual whirl levels under these methods are discussed at the first critical speed.


A simple, mild, and effective self-templated approach has been developed to directly convert solid SiO2 microspheres into hollow structures. The reaction involves initial partial dissolution of silica cores in a NaBH4 solution and subsequent shell formation due to the redeposition of the silicate species back onto the colloid surfaces. The increasing concentration of NaBO2 as the result of the slow decomposition of NaBH4 in water is found to be responsible for the regrowth of the silica shell. This method allows the production of hollow silica spheres with sizes ranging from ∼70 nanometers to several micrometers, largely determined by the size of the starting silica colloids. The solid-to-hollow transformation mechanism is investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), N2 adsorption−desorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We also study the reaction conditions that al...


In line with the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, 5G technology has become common technology, and 5G technology is evaluated as a technology that minimizes the speed and response speed compared to 4G using technologies such as network slicing and ultra-multiple access. 5G NR stands for 5G mobile communication standard, and network slicing cuts the network into parallel connections to optimize the network. In addition, the risk of hacking is increasing as data is processed in the base station unit. In addition, since the number of accessible devices per unit area increases exponentially, there is a possibility of base station attack after hacking a large number of devices in the unit area. To solve this problem, this study proposes the introduction of quantum cryptography and 5G security standardization.


Discriminant analysis of four structurally homozygous populations of Isotoma petraea showed that they are significantly different with respect to phenotypes produced in a standardized environment and hence they are genetically different. These populations are relatively homozygous for different arrays of genes and their interpopulational hybrids exhibit a euheterotic increase in aerial dry weight. The individual natural populations may be considered as depressed inbred lineages of the relationally balanced base population of I. Petraea. The degree of heterosis observed in their interpopulational hybrids is mainly influenced by the degree of inbreeding that is characteristic of of each population. Negative heterosis was observed in interpopulational crosses among complex heterozygotes. The complex heterozygotes are genetically heterozygous, and a precise relational balance exists between the complexes associated in the native complex heterozygotes; this coadaptation does not extend from population to population.


The question about the beginning of human being can only be answered by a mutal combination of historical, religious, philosophical, and medical conceptions. Each of them should retain its own principles, different interpretations and its own conclusions. Life is a continuum and absolute start of creation in religious aspect was »out of dust«, followed by life cycle. The human life cycle comprises three phases, each of which can be regarded as a relative starting point – as »out of« implies – since one can not virtually state the start and the end of a circle. These phases are »nutfah«, »alaqah«, and »mudghah partly formed and partly unformed«. Al-Imam Al-Ghazali, the great master belonging to the Shafiai School, stated that the first grade of existence occurs when male 'nutfah' lies in the womb and mixes with the female water and gets ready for life. Human life is a value, and its sanctity covers all its stages including the intrauterine phase. All jurists of all sects unanimously agree that human life is sacred, and should not be taken away except upon indications singled out and specified by the law.


We have several comments on the summary of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) acute heart failure guideline.1

The guideline fails to define acute heart failure and to differentiate it from hospital admission for heart failure. The two conditions are not synonymous. Acute heart failure is the final clinical presentation of differing haemodynamic "phenotypes," with less …


A new framework of complex networks based on event synchronization that can be applied to the development of temperature anomalies associated with climate variation phenomena is developed to reveal propagation characteristics of ocean temperature anomalies and their asymmetry between positive and negative phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). When a complex network based on sea surface temperature (SST) is constructed, it is revealed that SST anomalies in the eastern pole associated with both phases of the IOD tend to be preceded by those in the eastern equatorial region and from the south. When a complex network is constructed based on both surface and subsurface temperatures, it is found that the positive IOD tends to experience extreme subsurface temperature anomalies over more vast areas before extreme SST anomalies compared to the negative IOD.


The utility model discloses a solar powered electric motor car. The solar panel is arranged on top of the electric car and connected with controller through wire 1, wire 2, and 3 wires of branch can be drawn out of the controller to be connected with the post head of the accumulator battery, the electric motor driving circuit while 4 wires of branch is drawn out of the controller to be connected with the other post head of the accumulator battery, the electric motor driving circuit, besides, the accumulator battery is connected with a 220V converting charger with an attaching plug through an external electric supply socket. The utility model integrates effectively the solar panel and the accumulator battery to supply sufficient power for the long-distance running of the electric motor car, thereby eliminating the shortcomings in the existing electric motor cars that can only travel a short distance. The solar power can never be exhausted, and is clear enough for the environment protection. The utility model is economical and practical, eco-friendly, conforming to the trend of sustainable development.


A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Gezira in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the master Degree In Human physiology Department of physiology ,Faculty of Medicine
February, 2015


PHP expands our horizons as programmers and makes us the creators of Web Applications with the use of pre-built complete systems


Part II, Chapter 10, Stages, Railroads, Navigation, Telegraph, Expresses, Public Carriages, in the 959-page nineteenth century history of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, Maine.


Synthetic pesticides are used extensively to control insect pests and plant diseases of leguminous crops. However, with the introduction of pest management strategies, plant-derived products as an IPM component have been advocated. In the plant kingdom, neem (Azadirachta indica) had been used on a wider scale due to its effects as an antifeedant, oviposition-deterrent, repellent, insect growth regulator, its insecticidal effects on the life stages of insects, and the inhibition of sporulation and reduction in growth of pathogens. At present, over 50 commercial/formulated plant-derived pesticides are available on the market. Crude products (neem oil, water extract of leaves/seeds, cake, tobacco decoction etc.) are also prepared by farmers with little know-how and limited financial resources. Plant products are ecofriendly, are safer to natural enemies, leave no residue in pods/grains, are compatible with other plant protection measures and, in some instances, are as effective as chemicals. Therefore, further research on isolation, synthesis and formulation of phytochemicals is urgently needed.


We propose a new recording scheme by which arbitrary polarization states are stored in volumetric and polarization insensitive photorefractive materials. In the scheme, Stokes parameters of an arbitrary polarization state are recorded as grating strength by using the relation between the interference intensity in recording process and the diffraction efficiency in reading process. We show the experimental setup to retrieve linear, circular, and elliptic polarization states using a typical non-polarization dependent photorefractive media, an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal. The polarization state introduces an additional degree of freedom for storing information, and is useful for expanding the capacity in holographic data storage.


Harmonious development between traffic demandand traffic supply is one of the importation character ofsustainable development urban traffic. The article is basedon primary character of sustainable development urban traffic,analysis how urban road congestion pricing, as a measureof traffic demand management, advances urban traffic sus-tainable development. Studies show that urban road con-gestion pricing can lessen fule-comsumpation and gas-letout of urban traffic, improve running efficiency of urbanroad network, and carry out urban traffic stratagem ofpublict raffic.


We show that a constitutive equation describing the extensional behavior of "soft" microcrystalline cellulose pastes [J. Rheology 51, 493–516 (2007)] can be applied to dense granular suspensions of "hard" spheres. Biaxial extension of ballotini (size ∼10μm) suspensions featuring a Newtonian liquid phase was investigated experimentally employing constant velocity squeeze flow with lubricated plates. All suspensions, featuring solid volume fraction 0.59≤ϕ≤0.62, exhibited elasto-viscoplasticity: they deformed as quasi-linear elastic solids prior to yielding and flowed as non-Newtonian (shear-thickening) liquids thereafter, with the transition occurring at a particular strain regardless of strain rate. The yield stress was dependent on the strain rate experienced by the material at yielding, the values being consistent with those obtained from separate limiting height experiments. The differences in the model parameters between hard and soft particle systems are discussed in terms of inter-particle interactio...


Present day university campus culture is a summation of a complete set of educational culture and spirit as well as physical culture. It shapes itself in the process of cultivating talented people by employing modern educational ideology,methods and medium means.It is one of the important sections in university moral education.It can moralize ideology, edify virtue, regulate behavior and guide economy, Therefore,moral teaching staff in university should grasp the principles in the construction of modern university campus culture so as to enable it to play a more effective role in ideological and political education.


The problem of determining the motion of a top is a classic example of a complex analysis in analytical dynamics. Adding a blunt tip to the top and setting it spinning on a surface with sliding friction might be thought to render it intractable for simple analysis. However, if it is set in motion with a high rate of spin it is possible to find a simple approximate solution for the case of approximate steady precession. For this pseudo-steady motion it will be noted that the rate of diminution of the nutation will also he almost constant. Further, the ratio of these rates (latter over former) will be equal to the negative of the coefficient of friction for the top slipping on the surface. As a consequence the mass center of the top will tend to proceed around a steady circle above the plane. These results will first be observed by writing the full Lagrange's equations for the problem and reducing them prior to integration by observing appropriate approximations by deleting relatively smaller terms. The above results will then follow directly. Further, the full Lagrange's equations will he numerically integrated to show that the analytically developed approximate results are appropriate. Once these results are known, it is observed that a subsequent intuitive analysis based on time rate of change of angular momentum leads to the same results, if only the angular momentum about the spin axis is considered with other relevant assumptions.


Background:: Biological scaffolds that compose extracellular matrix (ECM) can facilitate the restructuring of a large number of pre-clinical studies in animal tissues and also in clinical applications. As we know interaction between cells and ECM provides suitable three-dimensional structures. Objectives:: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of induced matrix of New Zealand rabbit bladder on the blastema cells in vitro. Materials and Methods:: In this experimental study, first of all, in order to decellularize, it is necessary to put bladder of New Zealand rabbit in 1% weight/vol solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24 hours. Then, to prepare blastema tissue, the pinna of New Zealand rabbit should be punched-hole manually with a special puncher, and after 72 hours a circular blastema is separated with another puncher. After that, the decellularized samples are put in the middle of the blastema ring and transferred to the culture. Then to test, we first use Hematoxylin & Eosin and pick indigo staining. To identify 1 micron samples Toluidine Blue staining is used. After preparing 7 nm sections, some samples are studied by transitional electron microscope on day 15 and 20. Results:: Collagen fibers are preserved after decellularizing in matrix of bladder. Most migration of blastema cells occur on days 15 and 20 of culture. Blastema cells are differentiated in different types of cells. Toluidine Blue staining shows desmosome connections between epithelial cells. Glycoproteins that are secreted by the epithelial cells can be indicated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions:: Bladder scaffold has the ability to induce blastema cells as they differentiate and migrate. This finding is very important since no other growth factor and inducer component has been used.


We have constructed a Zeeman interferometer with an interferometric resolution of AJ12000 where 632. 8 nm. With a 5 cm pathlength typical stability is AJ1500 per hour. There are a number of interesting applications. 1.


In early 1997, Cephalon, awaited an FDA panel's decision on whether its drug, Myotrophin, would be approved. If the drug was approved, the firm might need substantial additional funds to commercialize as well as to buy back rights to it (which had been sold earlier to finance its development). The firm's CFO is considering a variety of financing strategies, including buying call options on the firm's own stock and paying for those options by issuing shares at the current time.


Teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia is challenging. The purpose of this program is to overcome several of the many challenges in teaching English, that is the use of teaching media. Conducted in SD YPPK Yoka Baru, Jayapura, the method used is participation which involves students from English Department, FKIP Uncen. The activities include preparing, designing, and demonstating the teaching media. The result shows that using teaching media is effective to improve the students' motivation in learning English.Keywords: teaching english, the teaching media, student, Jayapura


Joseph DeRisi, PhD [19] Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute "Genomic Approaches To the Study Of Infectious Diseases" Research Interests: Viruses [15] Bacteria [2] Parasites [20] Host-Pathogen Interactions [3] Microbiome [4] Immunology [5] Lab Website [21] BMS Graduate Program [7] Tetrad Graduate Program [12] Biomedical Informatics [22] Chemistry and Chemical Biology [16] UCSF Profile [23] iPQB [24] Bioengineering [25]


Abstract The surface impedance γ and the penetration depth δ of the electromagnetic field was calculated for a polycrystalline conductor under the conditions of the normal skin effect. The polycrystal is composed from the single-phase slightly anisotropic single-crystalline grains of arbitrary symmetry. Corrections (γ−γ0)/γ0 and (δ−δ0)/δ0 due to the polycrystallinity are functions of the parameter ζ=δ0/a, where γ0 and δ0 are the impedance and the penetration depth of the isotropic conductor with the conductivity σ0=Sp σik/3, σik is the separate grain conductivity tensor, and a is the mean size of a grain. The effective conductivity of a polycrystal can be obtained either from the impedance γ (σef (γ)) or from the penetration depth δ (σef (δ)) It was found that σef (γ)≠σef (δ) The corrections (σ−σef ((γ))/σ0 and (σ0−σef (δ))/σ0 depend on the frequency of the incident wave. The obtained results are also applicable in the infrared spectrum region. It was shown that, just as for the isotropic conductor, there...


Ethiopia is a country, rich with traditional dressing customs, and with a significant diversity of ethnicity. Traditional Ethiopian hand weaving and embroidered fabrics represent one of the most im...


I was thinking tonight about how we move through a lot of worlds in a short time. My wife and I were out listening to a folk singer, and I realized how hard it is to listen to live music without leaning across a bar. It wasn't so long ago that four or five nights a week I poured beer and shook drinks while customers came and went, and not so long since I knew hundreds of people across a tall oak bar by face, voice, or drink of choice. That life is so different from my current one that it could have been led by another person entirely. I was a pretty good bartender. Not masterful with drinks but good with space, ambiance, and friendliness, at making regulars feel at home and at taking care of them. I worked the same bar for 6 years and, at intervals, filched from it, fixed it, loved it, ran it, and finally just worked the shows as a means of paying for college and a new baby. For years afterward, I never went into a bar because it was all too familiar to enjoy. I began my career as a poet, then played at boxing and business, and at 27 left the bar world for good by going to medical school. Last month, in my new role as a doctor, I helped to kill a patient. I've not been blamed, and she was desperately ill, but I can still see the bright arterial blood pumping out of her chest from an artery I tore. With no platelets to close the tear, she bled and bled, through 12 units of blood. Finally, at 3:00 a.m., a chest surgeon cauterized the artery in the OR, and she came back to the ICU sicker, although it's hard to believe, than when I had first been called to her bedside 9 hours earlier. She died 4 days later, and her death certificate did not mention my misadventure. There are a lot of things I would change about this case, but the time to do so is gone. Although a dozen or more people were involved, probably only I still care about the injury I caused, and I don't particularly want to let it go. The folk singer at the bar had a beautiful voice that wrapped around you, and I thought about being up on a stage reading poetry, about some beauty that I myself had created years ago. It seems like a long time has passed since then, and I don't know if I still create beauty through my work or not. It was a conscious decision to walk away from the arts and go into medicine. I wanted a job with tangible, practical results. Now I can often get a patient's pulse back, move quickly through the paces of resuscitation, or unravel a tricky diagnosis. Sometimes, I help people with grief or get a student excited about medicine. I like to think that I help more people than I harm. Yet, as I listened to the singer's liquid voice, it seemed like giving up poetry for medicine was a poor trade. As a bartender, I was also a security man, and I did not shy away from fistfighting. I think I came to it honestly, by protecting people, and only used violence as a last resort when other coercive means had failed. Sometimes things were clear-cut but, as in medicine, not always. At times I experienced the dull nausea of regret from things that hadn't gone as well as I had hoped, or from the feeling that perhaps I had in some way contributed to the problem I was solving. The practice afterward was the same: to stand up and take responsibility, to hold myself accountable, explain the motivations, the reasons, and the actions one step at a time. None of us is perfect, but we can all be held to a certain standard of competence and behavior. I don't miss bartending, but if I left medicine, I would mourn its loss as I've mourned the passage of my poetry. On a daily basis, it is both a privilege and a joy to have the trust of patients and their families and the camaraderie of peers. There is no challenge to make your blood race like that of a difficult case, no mind game as rigorous as the challenging differential diagnosis, and though the stakes are high, so are the rewards. Still, a fine poem has a purity that this trade will never match and creates moments of lightness that I have not felt now in years. I don't ever, as a poet, remember having held a life in my hands and watched it fall through my fingers and crack upon the floor. I will never get used to this, and I will not let it go, because I don't think life can matter unless death matters. As a doctor, I want very much for life to matter.


As a new way of "Internet + Transportation", the bicycle sharing has occupied an important place in people's daily lives by the convenience of their leasing and return, the simplicity of payment and the characteristics of green lifestyle. However, due to road traffic conditions, urban environment, government regulation and the quality of different users, there are many problems in its actual operation. In this paper, the author analyzes the legal nature of the bicycles, based on the illegal possession, improper parking, improper use, deposit and many other problems. At the same time, the author puts forward the relevant suggestions


This research aims to find out the influence of visual media on the learning activity of Christian religious education students in class V at SD Negeri 10 Hutagalung for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research uses quantitative descriptive statistical methods, with a population of 30 people and a sample of 30 people. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire instrument of 30 items, namely 17 items for variable X and 13 for variable Y which was tested on 30 students who were not research respondents. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of visual media on the learning activity of class V Christian religious education students at SD Negeri 10 Hutagalung, Harian District, Samosir Regency for the 2022/2023 Academic Year: a) the positive relationship test is obtained from (r_xy) = 0.748 > r_ (table (α=0.05,n=30))= 0.361. b. Testing a significant relationship obtained a t_(calculated) value of 5.978, it is known that t_(table) in α=0.05 n-2=30-2=28 is 1.701. 2) Influence test: Regression equation test Y ̂= 13.40+ 0.50x. b) Regression determination test (r^2)= 55.9%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test, obtained f_count > f_(table ) namely 35.04 > 4.24. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.


Using per capita GDP for all the counties and cities for the year 1997, China's regional inequalities are decomposed into their intra-provincial/regional, inter-provincial/regional components. Regardless of the attributes used, inter-provincial/regional inequalities are by no means the dominant sources of overall inequalities, and thus there is no justification for ignoring intra-provincial/regional inequalities. If the investment in fixed assets is classified into sources of founds, there is no strong correlation can be found between GDP and the investment of state budgetary appropriation compared with other investments. Based on some time-series data and the fact that labor markets are still fragmented across provinces lines, it is safe to say that intra-provincial/regional inequalities will last for a long time. From the findings of this article, an interesting policy implication can be drawn with respect to the development of the coastal, interior, and western provinces. If narrowing the gap among the provinces or regions is only achieved through investment in industrial projects of some special counties and cities, and if the issue of intra-provincial/regional is not properly addressed, the reduction of inequalities among the provinces/regions may not necessarily result in a substantial decrease in overall inequalities. Another policy implication sheds light on the importance for the local-governments to redistribute resources in order to reduce the intra-provincial/regional inequalities.


The variability in climatic conditions during product distribution, especially across large distances, can be significant and is well known to affect the mechanical properties of many packaging materials. As the use of environmentally friendly materials, such as paperboard and bio‐cushions, increases, the challenge associated with overcoming the effects of extremes in temperature and relative humidity in the distribution chain becomes critical. To date, in the case of paperboard boxes, this is dealt with by accounting for the loss of static (compression) strength with increasing relative humidity. However, no method exists to address the dynamic loads induced by vehicle shocks and vibrations especially for configurations that involve stacked boxes and where the vibration intensity within the stack is influenced by the dynamic characteristic of the boxes themselves. In such scenarios, it is the variation in the stiffness of the box as a function of environmental conditions and dynamic load that needs to be established. This paper describes the evaluation of the fatigue resistance of paperboard boxes subjected to random excitation and compares the results with those obtained from quasi‐static compression tests under various environmental conditions. Results reveal a lack of correlation between the static and dynamic tests. This finding is attributed to changes in internal damping of the paperboard box samples which, when reduced, results in increased dynamic force. The paper concludes that static testing alone is insufficient to establish the fatigue resistance of stacked packaging subject to variations in climatic conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


By means of the Lorentz Transformation, Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity purports invariance of the standard wave equation. Counter-examples, satisfying the Lorentz Transformation, and hence Lorentz Invariance, prove that the Lorentz Transformation does not in fact produce invariance of the standard wave equation. Systems of clock-synchronised stationary observers are Galilean and necessarily transform by the Galilean Transformation. Einstein's insistence that inertial (i.e. Galilean) systems of clock-synchronised stationary observers transform, not by the Galilean Transformation, but by the non-Galilean Lorentz Transformation, is logically inconsistent. The Special Theory of Relativity is therefore logically inconsistent. Therefore, it is false. The Lorentz Transformation is meaningless.


ZrO2-graphene-ZrO2 layered structures were built and their crystallinity was characterized before resistive switching measurements. Thin nanocrystalline ZrO2 dielectric films were grown by atomic layer deposition on chemical vapor deposited graphene. Graphene was transferred, prior to the growth of the ZrO2 overlayer, to the ZrO2 film pre-grown on titanium nitride. Nucleation and growth of the top ZrO2 layer was improved after growing an amorphous Al2O3 interface layer on graphene at lowered temperatures. Studies on resistive switching in such structures revealed that the exploitation of graphene interlayers could modify the operational voltage ranges and somewhat increase the ratio between high and low resistance states.


This is the first structural refinement of the mineral wilkinsonite, Na2Fe42+Fe23+Si6O20. Wilkinsonite is a member of the aenigmatite group and consists of bands of Fe octahedra connected to eight-coordinated Na polyhedra forming sheets parallel to (011), which are interconnected by chains of [Si6O18]∞ and Fe octahedra. The site occupancies of the different valence states of Fe have been determined from bond distances and bond valence


The task of Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) aims to accurately segment camouflaged objects that integrated into the environment, which is more challenging than ordinary detection as the texture between the target and background is visually indistinguishable. In this paper, we proposed a novel Feature Grafting and Distractor Aware network (FDNet) to handle the COD task. Specifically, we use CNN and Transformer to encode multi-scale images in parallel. In order to better explore the advantages of the two encoders, we design a cross-attention-based Feature Grafting Module to graft features extracted from Transformer branch into CNN branch, after which the features are aggregated in the Feature Fusion Module. A Distractor Aware Module is designed to explicitly model the two possible distractor in the COD task to refine the coarse camouflage map. We also proposed the largest artificial camouflaged object dataset which contains 2000 images with annotations, named ACOD2K. We conducted extensive experiments on four widely used benchmark datasets and the ACOD2K dataset. The results show that our method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. The code and the ACOD2K will be available at https://github.com/syxvision/FDNet.


A method using the well-known conductance technique is developed. The basis of the approach is the representation of the approximate function as a rational form. This form allows the decomposition of the approximate function into elementary fractions, The extension of the energy range is provided and the error estimation carried out for the extracted interface trap parameters.


The Academy of Social Sciences in the People's Republic of China is not only an academic body but also an administrative body more comparable to a sort of social sciences CSIRO than to the Australian Academy of Social Sciences. One of its sub-departments i the Institute of Ethnology. This article has been chosen as representative of the style of articles published in Minzu yanjiu (nationalities research) which came into existence after the overthrow of the Gang of Four. The first copy was published in 1979 and up to the present there have been five journals circulated. It thus illustrates where China stands today in ethnological studies. Professor Li Youyi was at one time Vice-Principal of Yenjing University, is a distingulished Tibetan scholar and is Principal of the College of Minorities which is a training ground for minority peoples in understanding the new Chinese society. He visited Australia for several weeks in 1979 as a member of a delegation from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Ethnology as here understood is not taught in Australia as it includes under the one umbrella the history of languages, the migration of peoples, the study of races and the development of separate cultures. In the five issues up to the present there are no studies of the dominant Han culture although there is clearly an ideology that all the separate minzu (nationalities) of China have passed through different stages in the same order, although naturally at different speeds. Thus at the present time it is regarded as a


The uptake of HPV vaccines in US adolescents was 60% in 2016, which is a 4 percentage point increase from the previous year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 65% of girls and 56% of boys received at least one dose, but only 43% overall completed the recommended schedule, which includes two and three injections for subjects aged 15 and >15, respectively. At the same time, a study from Utah found that HPV vaccine awareness and uptake were 60% and 50% lower, respectively, in religious women compared to those who did not practice religion. Utah is among US states with lowest HPV vaccination rates. 1. Bodson J, Wilson A, Warner EL, Kepka D. Religion and HPV vaccinerelated awareness, knowledge, and receipt among insured women aged 18–26 in Utah. PLOS One 2017; 12(8):e0183725


1. Introduction 2. Actus Reus 3. Mens Rea 4. Negligence and Strict Liability 5. Capacity and Incapacitating Conditions 6. General Defences 7. Parties to Crime 8. Inchoate Offences 9. Homicide 10. Non-fatal Offences against the Person 11. Offences under the Theft Acts 1968 and 1978: Theft and Related Offences 12. Offences involving Deception 13. Further Offences under the Theft Acts 14. Criminal Damage


The Dawu water source is a rare, large-scale groundwater source located in northern China. The water supply function from this water source has, however, been lost due to anthropogenic pollution. In order to fully utilize valuable groundwater resources, a new water source of urban domestic water in Liu Zheng is planned. In this study, a tracer test and a numerical simulation method are used to examine the hydraulic connection between the Liuzheng water source and the Wangzhai industrial park; to optimize the exploitation layout of the Liuzheng water source and Dawu water source; and to propose the extent of the Liuzheng water source protection area. Results indicate that: (1) Karst development in the study area is uneven, and the Wangzhai area is a recharge area of the Liuzheng water source; (2) it is predicted that the groundwater flow field will not be significantly changed when a groundwater volume of 150,000 m3/day is exploited from the Liuzheng water source; (3) it is predicted that the proposed chemical park in Wangzhai will gradually pollute to the groundwater in the northern area of Liuzheng; and (4) results using the empirical formula method and the numerical simulation method indicate that the area of the primary protection area of the Liuzheng water source is about 0.59 km2, and the area of the secondary protection area is about 14.98 km2. Results from this study provide a certain technical basis for the exploitation and protection of groundwater in the Liuzheng water source.


We investigate the relationship between the continuous time best response dynamic, its perturbed version and evolutionary dynamics in relation to mixed strategy equilibria. We find that as the level of noise approaches zero, the perturbed best response dynamic has the same quantitative properties as a broad class of evolutionary dynamics. That is, stability properties of equilibria are robust across learning dynamics of quite different origins and motivations.


Haemochromatosis was described centuries ago, yet the biological mechanisms involved were delineated only recently. Mutation in genes involved in iron metabolism (HFE in the most frequent form) leads to systemic iron overload which particularly affect the liver, pancreas, heart, joints, and pituitary. This can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, diabetes, heart failure, hypogonadism, and arthropathy. The diagnosis now relies on definite genetic testing, allowing earlier diagnosis and family screening. This chapter looks at how this lifelong treatment is based on bloodletting to normalize body iron stores and, provided it is initiated before the onset of massive iron overload, allows a normal life expectancy.


Objective To compare the influences be different dressing change methods on curative effect for complex anal fistula patients, and to investigate the clinical application advantage of calcium alginate dressing. Methods A total of 148 complex anal fistula patients were randomly divided into control group(73 cases) and observation group(75 cases). The control group received postoperative Hongyou ointment ribbon gauze packing for wound repair, and the observation group received calcium alginate dressing for wound repair. Curative effects of the two groups were compared. Results The observation group had much lower postoperative pain degree than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance(P0.05). The observation group had shorter postoperative seepage time of longitudinal incision and average wound healing time than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion As a new type of wound dressing, calcium alginate dressing in clinical application for wound repair of complex anal fistula patients can reduce pain degree and seepage time, and accelerate wound healing. This method provides precisely curative effects, and it contains profound value for clinical promotion.


Most systems tend to use the ISBN or the ISSN as the primary key to make calls to the Google Books API, but many libraries are more likely to have an OCLC number present in the record. This is especially true of pre-1923 imprints, where the link to Google Books is more likely to present a link to a full text version of the item. However sending an OCLC number to GBS does present some additional scripting challenges.


Understanding the listening comprehension strategy plays important role for students successfull to upgrade their listening test and TOEFL score as well. This aims to investigate deeply the students' strategies in overcoming listening comprehension problems. The descriptive qualitative method is applied toward the third semester students of English Education study program Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. This research took 51 students who have taken listening courseworks (listening 1 and 3). Data collection technique were conducted by giving questionnaires in the light of Rebbica's theory (1993); direct and indirect strategies. The results of study showed there were some problems faced by the third semester students in conducting listening comprehension test, such as unfimiliar words, complex grammatical structure, lack of concentration, pronunciation, obscure form of speech, long answer question, and accents. Whilst, most of students used cognitive strategy in overcoming their problem in listening comprehension. To sump  up, students must to learn some listening strategies as an effort to anticipate their problems when conduct listening comprehension test.


Under the condition of microwave radiation the carboxylmethyl starch(CMS)was prepared with solid phase synthesis method.The degree of substitution and viscosity of CMS was affected by radiation time,the volume of sodium hydroxide and water.The cleaning-aid property of CMS was studied,and compared with that of the traditional synthesis ways.


Existing methods for the estimation of ammonium salts in presence of hydrolysable salts have been reviewed. A new titrimetric method utilizing formaldehyde and potassium fluoride is described for its estimation in presence of aluminium sulphate. The method is accurate and rapid for routine analysis.


Objective: To investigate the mutations of oncogene H-ras and the deletion of antioncogene p16 in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Methods: 31cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma were detected by PCR-SSCP silver staining and duplex PCR. Results: The mutation ratio of H-ras was 38.7%. The deletion ratio of p16 was 22.6%. 7 cases with the deletion of 16 were shown to have 3 cases mutation of H-ras. Conclusion: It needs further study whether the mutation of H-ras and deletion of 16 was closely related to the occurrence of bladder carcinoma.


ABSTRACT A fluorescent photochromic diarylethene derivative, which has two different diarylethene derivatives, was synthesized for a single molecule logic gate.


This paper reports initial work being conducted to investigate the applicability of existing feedback principles to the provision of system generated on-line feedback in complex Naval training systems. The majority of Navy team training in the UK is currently undertaken at high fidelity shore-based trainers, although in future there may be greater emphasis on training at sea. Technologies are now becoming available which may facilitate enhanced embedded training capabilities, whereby the training system itself generates and delivers trainee feedback. This paper describes work that has been carried out to identify existing feedback principles in order that their utility can be evaluated in this context. There was found to be a multiplicity of terms used to describe similar and related concepts. A classification of feedback types relevant to individual and team training was therefore developed, based upon content and timing dimensions. This was subsequently refined to focus upon training individual taskwork in a complex Naval Anti-Air Warfare task. Both classifications are described, together with details of an ongoing experimental programme that aims to evaluate the benefits of providing on-line feedback in complex training systems.


Historically universities took their early steps in computing through the acquisition of mainframe computer systems. These early machines were used primarily for academic and research purposes. During the last decade we saw an increased demand for computing services for student applications, research, and administrative purposes. To meet this demand and to bring the systems closer to the users, many of us expanded capacities through the introduction of decentralized facilities. These took the form of mini and supermini computers to be used as dedicated systems, located in academic and administrative departments. While these decentralized systems were most effective, we found that we still could not keep up with the demand for computing facilities. The next natural step was to further decentralize through the introduction of microcomputer systems.
 While our growth has been predominately in a decentralized manner, the need for a strong mainframe has been ever present. This has been mainly to support large applications and to be a host on a computing network. Specialized hardware and software need only be supported on a single host system that can be accessed by users via a campus-wide network. This has proven to be cost effective as it has resulted in less duplication of specialized equipment, packages, and support services for decentralized system while still meeting the needs of the users.
 Our experiences at Stevens Institute of Technology have followed this pattern of expansion from mainframe to micro with the concept of a campus-wide network as an integral factor. Our recent experiences with the requirement of the acquisition of a specified microcomputer system by our incoming students has been widely publicized. Through this paper I hope to share our experiences including the formulation and evolution of the planning process, its implementation, and some of our future plans based on the success of the project. Specifically, we now have an Ethernet implementation to support networking of our users with various decentralized systems and mainframes. Also, we have implemented elementary networking functions between various kinds of microcomputers and our DECsystem-10 and VAX-11/780. We are into the next phase of the plan which will allow a massive number of microcomputers onto the Ethernet.
 The results of our plan have been most favorable. They include a familiarization of freshman students with computing tools and techniques on a professional basis, the facilitation of computer access for research, an updating of administrative processing, and the communication of the parts in an economical manner. This paper will present a description of our experiences with the intent that they may be used as a model for other institutions looking in the same direction. We believe that Stevens has been the vanguard of colleges that have been successful in arranging a "marriage of convenience" between our micros and mainframes while welcoming our new offspring through the delivery of an Ethernet.


After-school PA programs have been used as an outlet to help children increase PA levels. To attract children and their parents, it is important to understand perceptions about programs. With child and parent input, researchers and practitioners will better be able to increase PA with activities the children enjoy and encourage increased PA. A cross-sectional design was used to survey children and parents involved in Keep It Moving! (KIM), an after-school PA program geared toward low SES families in Southern Colorado. Responses to the surveys were coded into categories and descriptive statistics were calculated. Most parents (91.1%) reported their children in KIM increased their PA levels. The majority of children (76.5%) preferred competitive activities, but simultaneously reported competitive activities as least favorite. Parents' and children's perceptions provide insight into enjoyment and necessary changes  for this after-school program. Of most interest, practitioners must thoughtfully consider choice of activities for after-school programs. Although children in this evaluation preferred competitive activities, these activities must be tempered to ensure that time in PA is not compromised.


The agricultural climate resources such as heat,light and rainfall in Anlong County were analyzed,the effect of meteorological disaster on the agricultural production of Anlong County was introduced,and the distribution and utilization of agricultural climate resources of Anlong County were summarized,so as to provide reference for the agricultural production of Anlong County.


It is presented the test results of different configurations for dual-pumping wells operation, the detailed description of the tested configurations for commingling operations, as well as evaluation of further application of this innovative technology.


Researched the existence and the representation of the group inverse for a 2×2 class block matrix over Bezout domain,generalized the relative results.


For social and economic geography and regional economy of particular interest are two constitutional problems: on self-administration and economic federalism. Self-administration is built from the lower part (a neighbourly community) to the very top (the All-Russian congress of municipal formations). If for a sustainable development of neighbourly communities the dosed proportion of individual and public is necessary, then municipalities exist more or less normally at a certain parity of public and state. Now the moment of truth of territorial development consists in that economic resources of the country in greater degree to displace towards local economy.National republics, administrative territories and regions of Russia are a keylink in the system of economic federalism. They are the steadiest unit of territorial organization of a society. But, as well as in the Soviet years, now the regional governments act in a role of the asking; their initiative, even without going out of frames of the constitutional field, is more often punishable fromthe part of the federal centre. Therefore the power structures of Russia shouldpay special attention to economic incentives of territorial management of subjects of the Federation and municipalities, and also to economic support of localsocial communities. Contractual relations of the regional governments and municipalities with corporate industrial and financial-banking organizations shouldnot be caused by political obligations regarding formation of structures of the government and local self-administration.


Through 3salinity gradients (13.2g / L, 23.2g / L, 27.2g / L) saline drip irrigation, The results showed: in the surface and deep, the peak amount of salt accumulated is about 50cm away from the emitter, and the middle layer varied from 25cm ∼ 50cm; in the soil below 20cm, a positive correlation between the salinity distribution and water distribution in 13.2g / L and 23.2g / L treatments, and negative correlation in 27.2g / L treatment; the salinity under drip irrigation conditions are very good on the surface of salt leaching effects, sand for the development of vegetation water to provide support. The result will provide theoretical support for the development of drip irrigating sand vegetation with salty water.


Abstract – Data Mining is the process of discovering hidden or unknown patterns in huge datasets that are potentially useful and ultimately understandable. The goal of data mining is to extract useful information from huge data sets and to store it as an understandable and structured model for future use, using combined technique of statistics, machine learning and database systems. Data Mining algorithms learns from training datasets to build the model, that can be used on unknown data for prediction. Here we will discuss classification technique that is often called as supervised learning technique. Classification is used to predict the categorical class label of a given data instance , so as to classify it into one of the predefined classes. Classification is a two step process, in first step classification algorithm uses training dataset to build a classifier , and then in the second step this classifier is used to predict the class label of an unlabeled data instance . The classifier is like a function that maps a data instance to a label. The classifier that we will discuss here are Naive Bayes', Multilayer Neural Network, Decision tree , Random forest , Support Vector Machine and K-NN. Building an accurate and an efficient classifier is an important task in data mining. We will evaluate these algorithms on various datasets using evaluation metrics such as Accuracy, Precision ,Recall,F1-Score and time by WEKA. WEKA is a machine learning tool written in Java.


While Digital Libraries are working towards making universally accessible collections of human knowledge a reality, considerable advances are needed in Digital Libraries methodologies and technologies to make this happen. Achieving interoperability between Digital Libraries is a crucial requirement for reaching this goal. Interoperability is a multi-layered and context-specific concept. It encompasses different levels along a multidimensional spectrum ranging from organisational to technological aspects. Addressing the interoperability challenges is the prime goal of the DL.org project. DL.org is advancing the state of the art in this area, and is proposing solutions for interoperability in addition to best practices and shared standards, bringing together knowledge from the DELOS project and expertise of Digital Library stakeholders. To achieve its objectives, the project is looking at the DELOS Digital Library Reference Model and investigating interoperability from the viewpoint of the six fundamental Digital Library concepts: Content, User, Functionality, Quality, Policy, and Architecture. Our paper describes the results of DL.org research, and how the project is addressing the interoperability challenge from the perspectives of the six domains. Relevant Digital Library interoperability aspects will be described, from conceptualisation at a high organisational level to instantiation at process level, and modelling techniques for representing and enabling interoperability between heterogeneous digital library mediation approaches, methods, and systems. By pursuing the interoperability goal, DL.org is paving the way forward for embedding new research achievements into real-world systems, and is supporting the advancement of research and the creation of a European Information Space for the knowledge-based economy.


The primary goal of e-commerce network is to sell goods and services online. Increasing usages of e-commerce network increases the security loop holes in the network. Nodes of an e-commerce network can be easily compromised by various types of malware. The nature of the spread of malware among the nodes of an e-commerce network can be easily compared with the spread of biological viruses (infectious diseases) within human population of any locality. So we can easily apply the epidemic model for the spread of infectious disease within human population into the spread of malware among the nodes of a computer network. Various types of malware are used to attack the network of an organization, but, here, in this paper we concentrate and formulate a dynamic model for the propagation of bots in an e-commerce network and study its dynamic behavior. After categorizing the nodes of the network, based on their interface to the Internet, we have proposed two sub-models to formulate the overall architecture of the model. A schematic compartmental model is designed to represent the propagation of bots within the network and then differential equation model is formulated to represent the dynamics of all the compartments, respectively. The proposed system is solved and the basic reproduction number is also calculated to analyze the stability of the system. At the end, we have shown the result of numerical simulations using MATLAB to support the dynamism of our proposed model.


Promoting physical activity in type 1 diabetes In people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) only a small minority – 37% accord ing to the DPV database study1 – are defined as physically active. The common fear of hypoglycaemia as a result of exercise in T1D should not, however, deter clinicians from pre scribing physical activity as a produc tive way to manage the condition. In his presentation, Dr Ian Gallen of Reading University said that the DPV study1 showed that even 'modest levels of physical activity are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease, obesity, renal disease and retinal dis ease', and that physical activity 'does not have independent protective (or harmful) effect on retinopathy'. The results from the DPV data base study1 showed that HbA1c levels decreased from 66.13mmol/mol to 62.15mmol/mol (p<0.0001) when compared between participants who were physically inactive and those who were physically active, while retinopathy dropped from 12.2% to 6.5% (p<0.0001) and microalbumin uria levels fell from 22.0% to 14.3% (p<0.0001). The results also showed a marked reduction in obesity between those who were physically active and those who were not (16% to 8%, respectively; p<0.0001). The risk of hypoglycaemia, how ever, remains problematic. In the DPV study,1 severe hypoglycaemic events rose moderately from 22.18 events/100 patient years (PY) to 22.60 events/100 PY between partic ipants who were physically inactive and those who were physically active. This trend was more significant among 45–80 year olds when the difference was 26 events/100 PY vs 33 events/100 PY, respectively. Other problems associated with T1D and physical exercise include: falling glucose rates during exer cise, the risk of nocturnal hypogly caemia, and excessive fatigue. In light of the risks, Dr Gallen urged that we 'need to move away from the idea of physical activity as predominantly gym work to some thing more moderate like walking, as any form of activity shows bene fits'. Physical activity should there fore be prescribed like any form of treatment, with 'possible side effects that should be monitored'. Appropriate exercise targets need to be established between clinicians and patients, including advice on the type and timing of carbohydrate replacement, and advice on the changes in basal insulin dose after physical activity. Further to this, numerous factors need to be considered – such as if the patient is on medication, drinks alcohol, is pregnant or menstruat ing, and if they have a thorough understanding of insulin pharma cokinetics – as each can affect insulin sensitivity and glycaemic patterns. Careful selfmonitoring, however, can mitigate against the negative side effects that deter so many T1D patients from exercising. Dr Gallen concluded his talk by reminding the audience that 'modest increases in physical activity have big benefits' that should be promoted, as treatment options had now progressed past the old approach of prescribing 'a mini Mars Bar' for balancing physical activity with T1D.


A study on the RF plasma-CVD of an organic photoconductor, polyvinyl carbazole (P-PVK), was carried out. The chemical structure of P-PVK was shown to be similar to that of the conventional PVK from IR and UV spectroscopic studies. The voltage dependence of the photocurrent was explained from the Onsager theory. The photovoltaic effect was observed when Al was used as an electrode. The power-conversion efficiency was estimated to be 3×10-3% for extremely thin P-PVK film (∼80 nm).


Article is devoted to the organization of professionally oriented virtual learning environment, which the authors define as multifunctional, multidimensional, socially significantenvironment of the subjects of professional education, affecting the development of their personality, the formation of professional cognitive activity of students, improving the quality of training for the individual, family, society and the state. It is found that the organization of professionally oriented virtual educational environment during training bachelors of civil engineering profile for protection at work gives the possibility: firstly to form behavior ofbachelors of civil engineering profile, corresponding to the requirements of occupational safety at work in the future professional activities and allows to operate effectively in standard and emergency situations threatening the life and health of their surrounding; secondly, to develop bachelors of civil engineering profile competencies required for the professional tasks of occupational and professional risk management.


It is well known that immune responses in the intestine remain in a state of controlled inflammation, suggesting that not only active suppression by regulatory T cells plays an important role in the normal intestinal homeostasis, but also its dysregulation leads to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we demonstrate that the CD4 (cid:1) CD25 bright T cells reside in the human intestinal lamina propria (LP) and functionally retain regulatory activities. All human LP CD4 (cid:1) T cells regardless of CD25 expression constitutively expressed CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein, and Foxp3 and proliferate poorly. Although LP CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:2) T cells showed an activated and anergic/memory phenotype, they did not retain regulatory activity. In LP CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) T cells, however, cells expressing CD25 at high levels (CD4 (cid:1) CD25 bright ) suppressed the proliferation and various cytokine productions of CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:2) T cells. LP CD4 (cid:1) CD25 bright T cells by themselves produced fewer amounts of IL-2, IFN- (cid:3) , and IL-10. Interestingly, LP CD4 (cid:1) CD25 bright T cells with regulatory T activity were significantly increased in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. These results suggest that CD4 (cid:1) CD25 bright T cells found in the normal and inflamed intestinal mucosa selectively inhibit the host immune response and therefore may contribute to the intestinal immune homeostasis. The Journal of Immunology,


It is commonly thought that evolution is a chance process, an idea found in popular writings on evolution, but also in academic writing in a broad range of scientific disciplines: scientific, philosophical and theological. One problem is that words such as 'chance' and 'random' are used with a range of different meanings according to context, and in evolutionary biology the word 'chance' is sometimes used in a way that is different from its use in mathematics and philosophy. The present article aims to clarify the range of meanings and to argue the case that the evolutionary process is far from being a 'theory of chance' from biological, mathematical, or indeed philosophical and theological perspectives.


The Conclusion offers a final assessment of the use of the term "ministry" in the preceding chapters to comprehend the variety of liturgical and pastoral roles and responsibilities—both in their idealized forms and in their actual practices—that Benedictine nuns in England assumed during the central Middle Ages according to the sources that preserve their lives. It also stresses the need for future scholarship to pursue the threads of continuity in Benedictine nuns' ministries across the central and later Middle Ages. Close studies of the extant documents of practice and other material remains from women's communities in late medieval England may yet unveil more ministers of Christ, charged with the spiritual care of fellow sisters, laity, vowed religious, and clerics who sought their hospitality, counsel, instruction, healing, absolution, and intercession.


This publication provides information for Florida residents who want to sell meat and poultry from their own livestock and poultry. Written by Chad Carr, Jason Scheffler, and Matthew Johansson, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, revised August 2021.


Laser microprobe was used for direct introduction of solid samples into a flame. Combination of this technique with laser‐enhanced ionization spectrometry provides highly sensitive method for surface analysis of Al samples. The impurities of Li were measured. The spatial distribution of Li in laser plume was not homogeneous: the dense atomic ''nucleus'' and the ''tail'' of Li clusters. The surface resolution was better than 100 microns. This technique allows to perform surface and layer‐by‐layer analysis of solids and thin films.


The use of agricultural biomass for renewable energy purposes is part of the assumption of sustainable agriculture standards and leads to change current management of biomass from agricultural and forestry production and to development of agroenergy production. Considering the above the paper describes energy properties and emission factors for peat and selected biomass species (wood chips-pine, oat grains, wheat straw) and the mixtures of peat with biomass to demonstrate differences in emissivity in the combustion process by using a mixture of biofuel and fossil fuels. Studies have shown that the net calorific value of the tested materials is similar (about 15 MJ·kg), but the highest value was recorded for mixtures peat-oat grains and obtained 15.75 MJ·kg. Ash content was highest for peat 16.58% but volatile matters content was lowest 50.14%. Wood chips characterized by the highest carbon content of 45.73%, hydrogen at 6.5% by oat grains, and 2.96% nitrogen and sulphur 0.25% by peat. Determined emission rates indicate a reduction of 4-10% CO, 1-5% CO2, 25-58% NOx, 19-61% SO2, 26-41% dust depending on the type of used biomass.


Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea now accounts for about 14,000 deaths per year in the United States. CDC is calling on hospitals to exercise better antibiotic stewardship to help stem the tide.


To investigate the differential expression of soluble protein components,the soluble protein components of male and female eggs in the period of ji3 in Bombyx mori variety 'W-1' were compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis technology.The results showed that 317 and 335 protein spots were detected in soluble proteins of male and female egg respectively.Comparison analysis showed that 273 of the total protein spots were matched between male and female egg,and 44 and 62 specific protein spots were found in male and female egg respectively.The results indicated that soluble protein components in the period of ji3 in silkworm were different between the male and female.The characteristic protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS.The result showed that proteins identified were putative keratin,tropomyosin isoform 5,RNA binding protein encoded by Sqd gene,transgelin,heat shock protein 20.4 and tropomyosin 1,indicating that gender has an important influence on the formation of embryonic organs and tissues.