The rapid development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology, has led to an explosion in the number of available hyperspectral images (HSI). The fast and accurate characterization of HSI poses a significant challenge for remote sensing scientists. Currently, deep learning strategies with various neural networks have been successfully applied for HSI classification using the concept of the "dataset-model." Still, there is a need to develop universal deep learning models for HSI classification using a continual updating strategy. This article presents a life-long learning strategy to continually update model weights with the help of continual spectral-spatial feature distillation. Specifically, the proposed method introduces a spectral-spatial distillation strategy to retain knowledge of the previous well-trained model. Meanwhile, the learning metric term is integrated into a multilevel feature extraction to minimize the spectral-spatial feature discrepancy between the previous model and the new one. The experimental results indicate that our method achieves superior performance for continual HSI classification tasks without suffering from the persistent loss of characterization memory.


In their article,1 the two authors launch a harsh critique of my book A Lutheran Plague. Murdering to Die in the Eighteenth Century (Leiden: Brill, 2011). In the headline, the authors claim that I present a magical explanation on some murders, whereas they document that the murders are explained by common sense. Magic versus common sense is a colourful opposition. The only problem is that I do not speak of any magic. Actually, I do not use the word 'magic' at all. I shall return to my book's arguments, but let us first see what the position of Hemmingsen and Reeh is. I use a variety of sources – Danish as well as European – to piece together an understanding of the suicide murders and the responses of the societies in which they took place. In their critique, Hemmingsen and Reeh forget the majority of my sources and arguments and instead choose to focus on one specific type of source material, the court records. These are important sources, but they are also problematic. A suicide murder is defined by its motive, but the


The utility model discloses an operating handle shift slide damping mechanism which comprises a ball sleeve slide seat, guide pillars, and a shifting rod assembly underpan, wherein on the upper parts of two sides of the shifting rod assembly underpan are horizontally arranged two guild pillars, on two sides of the ball sleeve slide seat are formed two arm braces, and in each arm brace is arranged a traversing guide pillar hole. The utility model is characterized in that: in each guide pillar hole is arranged a damping shaft lining made of rubber which sheathes the guide pillar, and the damping material is rubber or elastic plastics. When vibration of a transmission is transferred to the shifting rod assembly underpan and the guide pillars, with the absorption of the damping shaft lining, the vibration energy can not be transferred to the ball sleeve slide seat and further to the shifting rod, thereby effectively reducing the vibration of the shifting control mechanism, improving operational comfort, reducing noise, and increasing service life.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the acceptance aspects of Victor-Marie Hugo's Les Miserables in children's literature since liberation. In children's literary field, Les Miserables was adapted for the first time in 1952. Then Les Miserables for children began to be actively published in the 1960s-1970s. All of these were published as part of The collected(selected) world literary works for children. And these were contraction of the large amount of original text. Due to the vastness of original text, Les Miserables was translated in the form of rewriting or adaptation in children's literary field. Therefore the acceptance aspects of Les Miserables had difference according to the multi-dimensional elements like cultural situations, subjects of translation and of the anthology of those days. In 1960s plot of Les Miserables for children emphasized wholesomeness rather than adventure. That is due to culture boom of 1960s. In 1970s Les Miserables for children was diversified in terms of the format of a book. That means which is increasingly important how to read this work. And that was forced moral life of Jean Valjean to children. Today, it still remains as such and has influenced children. In other words, the inappropriate canon-formation of Les Miserables in children's literature has caused misreading by an abridged version since liberation.


Poster: "EuroSafe Imaging 2019 / ESI-0023 / Real Time Dose Management Using Color Coded Patient Avatar in Fluoroscopic Procedures" by: "G. R. Ison; St George Hospital Sydney/AU"


An acoustically driven earphone for use with entertainment systems in airplanes which transmits acoustical energy from a transducer to the user's ear. The earphones are formed from two resilient plastic tubes each having one end connected to the transducer with each other end connected to the user's ear canal. A wire frame is provided inside the plastic tubes to maintain a preferred configuration.


An N⋅log(N) method for evaluating electrostatic energies and forces of large periodic systems is presented. The method is based on interpolation of the reciprocal space Ewald sums and evaluation of the resulting convolutions using fast Fourier transforms. Timings and accuracies are presented for three large crystalline ionic systems.


Nature inspired optimization algorithm are techniques which imitate some natural phenomenon to find an optimum solution of a problem. We have explored the potential of three nature inspired continuous optimization techniques simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization in solving the camera calibration problem in computer vision. Our experiment setup has demonstrated the calibration accuracy achieved with these algorithms with respect to noise levels, variable bounds and number of control points. Results are compared with Tsai , Zhang and Heikkil calibration accuracy. Stochastic nature of these algorithms yields different results for same experiment settings. In order to gain reliable results we have quantitatively determined the probability of achieving accurate results by applying statistical tolerance interval on fitness values computed by each algorithm for various trials. The statistical evaluation shows that in terms of solution accuracy the PSO surpasses SA and GA and produces better results than their non natural competitors Tsai , Zhang and Heikkil , whereas the probability of achieving a correct solution with a desired fitness value range is high with GA. Our work can serve as a guideline for comparative evaluation of natural optimization algorithms with respect to solution quality, reliability and efficiency.


Polystyrene nanocomposites with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), prepared by the in-situ generation and reaction of organic diazonium compounds, were characterized using melt-state linear dynamic viscoelastic measurements. These were contrasted to the properties of polystyrene composites prepared with unfunctionalized SWNTs at similar loadings. The functionalized nanocomposites demonstrated a percolated SWNT network structure at concentrations of 1 vol % SWNT, while the unfunctionalized SWNT-based composites at twice the loading of SWNT exhibited viscoelastic behavior comparable to that of the unfilled polymer. This formation of the SWNT network structure for the functionalized SWNT-based composites is because of the improved compatibility between the SWNTs and the polymer matrix and the resulting better dispersion of the SWNT.


Introduction Tetrabenazine is a benzoquinolizine derivative originally introduced for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia under the trade name of 'Nitoman'. Recently it has been reintroduced as a drug for the suppression of certain types of involuntary movement and has been found particularly useful in the treatment of druginduced dyskinesia (Brandrup, 1961; MacCallum, 1970), facial dyskinesia (Pakkenberg, 1968), choreiform and hemiballistic movements (Dalby, 1969) and the involuntary movements of Huntington's chorea (Sattes, 1960; Brandrup, 1960; Sattes and Hase, 1964; Pakkenberg, 1968; Soutar, 1970). We report a case of self-poisoning with tetrabenazine, an event which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported.


Open lobbying, as mechanism for citizen participation, it was seen promoting in application of the General Law of Municipalities; it implies that the neighbors of that community a reintegrated into the objectives for the development of the district, it ervining directly with opinions and suggestions at a public hearing convened to discuss or discuss a specific topic that, with the participation of the neighbors and rulers, would contribute to making wise decisions for the good of the good. With this research, it is intended to analyze how open lobbying is a mechanism of participation in the district. The present research is of qualitative approach, from a phenomenological perspective, based dose on personal experience; it has as ample of 18 people: 02 neighbors representing the 09 sectors that counts the district. It is concluded that open lobbying is a mechanism of citizen participation formed under the Political Constitution of Peru and developed through the General Law of Municipalities; however, this medium, mainly, is used for accountability, neglecting educational issues of neighborhood incidence; that is, it ignores the importance of intervention by neighbors for cooperative work that allows the development of the district.


THAT the Ostracoda of New England have been greatly neglected' may at once be seen by a reference to Miss Rathbun's list of the New England Crustacea. At the time of its publication there was a single species reported from New England and that froni but one locality. With a view to supplying this lack of records in a slight measure, some collecting has been done in our ponds, mainly about Boston. Several persons have kindly supplied material which has now been placed in the collections of the Boston Society of Natural History. Seven species are reported here, making the number of species now known from the fresh water of New England, nine instead of one. All of the records so far, however, are from Massachusetts. It has been a matter of interest to find the local distribution of the species. Where a species is found at all it is usually abundant. Of the three species of Cypris reported, all were found in ponds. in the vicinity of Boston and but a short distance apart, yet no one collection contained more than a single species. A number of other species have been collected but in immature condition or in insufficient numbers for complete diagnosis. The measurements given are average ones for the material examined. As a rule, if adults alone are taken there is a noticeable constancy in measurements but in cases where the collection contains the young also, the range in measurements is considerably greater. It is to be hoped that more collecting will be done in the near future and over a much broader region. By this means a considerable addition to the present list should be made. The severe species representing five genera are given below.


An implementation of a PDE-based Contrast Source Inversion (CSI) algorithm using a hybrid Open MP-CUDA parallel programming model is presented for the acceleration of microwave imaging. The CSI algorithm uses a time-harmonic discontinuous Galerkin method forward solver. The programming model ensures high computational throughput by dynamically balancing the amount of work performed on the GPU and CPU. The resulting implementation is capable of substantial speed-up, bringing the computational performance to near real-time. Implementation and optimization details are discussed; results show GPU acceleration alone gives a speedup of at least 5 times.


The present paper focuses on Memorias del Nuevo Mundo , a little-studied novel by Homero Aridjis, a renowned Mexican poet and author of novels, stories, plays, essays, as well as being a prominent environmentalist. Published in 1988, Memorias del Nuevo Mundo is part of a novelistic diptych that begins with 1492. Vida y tiempos de Juan Cabezon de Castilla (1985). In addition to establishing the way in which 1492 and Memories are articulated as part of a solid and mature project, the paper explores the precedents of the theme of the conquest and discovery of America in the poetry and theater of Aridjis, which includes, of course, a vision of the pre-Columbian cultures. Finally, an examination of the projections of Memorias in the later Aridjisian oeuvre shows that Aridjis' look at Spain's pre- Hispanic and colonial past in the 1980s convey a pessimistic interpretation of contemporary Mexico, marred by the corruption of politicians and drug traffickers which has made Mexico one of the most dangerous and violent countries in the world.


A temperature estimating method and apparatus at the inlet of the post-processing apparatus of the gas produced by an internal combustion engine (1) (12), the post-processing device (12) is disposed downstream of the processing device of the gas (10) the processing apparatus (10) includes a known oxidation catalyst, nitrogen oxide NO Processing unit (10) and the post-processing device (12) is connected via a pipe (11), the processing unit (10) is all that a set of n virtual base reactor R


Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, is a growing global commodity. As such, there is a need for rapid and inexpensive identity tests of noni fruit and leaf products. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) methods were developed for the iden tification of deac etylasperulosidic acid in noni fruit and leaf products. TLC methods were also developed for the identification of scopoletin in noni fruit products and rutin in noni leaf products. TLC results were supported by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The concentrations of marker compounds detected by HPLC indicate that these TLC methods have good sensitivity and utility in the identification of noni fruit and leaf ingredients from a range of global sources, as well as noni based commercial products. These methods do no t require expensive i nstrumentation or specialized laboratories, and are readily transferable to laboratories operating under a variety of circumstances.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Adefovir dipivoxil combined with Fu fang Bie jia tablets in treating HBV related decompensated cirrhosis.Methods Seventy-eight patients with decompensated cirrhosis of hepatitis B virus infection were randomly assigned to treatment group(42cases) and control group(36 cases).The assessments of liver function,Child-Pugh scores and reduction of serum HBV DNA from baseline were performed at week 48.Results There were statistically significant difference in liver function,Child-Pugh scores and reduction of HBV DNA from baseline(copies/ml) at week 48 between the two groups(P0.01).The decreased value of spleen thickness and liver fibrosis index of the treatment groups were more obvious than those of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion Adefovir dipivoxil combined with Fu fang Bie jia tablets in treating HBV related-active cirrohosis can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of liver fibrosis and can coordinately improve the liver function,and provide safety in clinical application.


Saturation effects, occurring when a laser beam tuned close to a resonance propagates through an absorbing gaseous medium, were observed by means of a second beam sent in a nearly opposite direction. In addition to the well-known signal of saturated absorption, a signal directly related to the variation of the refractive index of the medium was observed. An experiment was performed to obtain simultaneously the signals of saturated absorption and saturated dispersion of iodine vapor.


This paper presents a stochastic nonlinear control approach to performance management of Internet Web servers. In particular, a CPU frequency management problem is studied to satisfy response time SLA. The research in this paper is mainly motivated by two reasons: 1) the stochastic nature of workload characterization and performance metrics requires probabilistic approaches to system modeling and control designs, and 2) rather than over-provisioning for the worst-case load, performance management in today's Internet-server environments would limit rather than eliminate the risk of failing to meet service demand, allocating to each application the minimal server resources needed and leaving surplus resources to deploy elsewhere. The presented probabilistic linear-parameter- varying control utilizes an analytical fluid model that is scheduled by randomly distributed workload parameters, and provides control solutions via solving a stochastic semi-definite program. Evaluated through real Web server traces, the presented stochastic robust LPV control not only provides balance between meeting response time and resource efficiency, but also provides computational advantages in the implementation of control designs.


Abstract Patients with suspected fractures of the hip usually require significant time and resources for care, sometimes including advanced imaging. Optimizing care may improve patient outcomes and reduce the financial burden of hip fractures. Few studies have investigated approaches to reduce the utilization of additional imaging to diagnose hip fractures. The objective of this study was to determine if the utilization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be reduced for suspected hip fracture patients via additional review of initial hip radiographs by musculoskeletal specialists. This may aid imaging referral guidelines for patients with a clinical suspicion of a hip fracture and reduce the amount of costly additional imaging. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted of hip fracture patients from five hospitals in an academic health system from 2015 to 2018. The study included initial radiographs of 108 patients, all of which were considered inconclusive at the time of service by radiologist reports and subsequently diagnosed with a hip fracture after receiving additional imaging. Four musculoskeletal specialists were asked to evaluate if the radiographs were positive for hip fracture, negative for hip fracture, or required additional imaging. A positive hip fracture was correctly identified by musculoskeletal specialists from the initial radiograph in 37 to 50% of cases. There was no statistically significant difference between reviewers of different levels of training in identifying hip fractures ( p  = 0.19) or ordering additional imaging ( p  = 0.235). There was a moderately positive interclass correlation across reviewers who correctly identified a hip fracture (interclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.70), as well as reviewers who requested additional imaging (ICC = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25–0.60). Review of initial radiographs by musculoskeletal specialists could reduce the utilization of additional advanced imaging by up to 50% in patients with a suspected hip fracture. This is a level III evidence study.


century by the English, Habsburg, and Ottoman regimes. The concept of a palace economy with its autocratic control and unilateral concessions presupposes a set of priorities and (hardly incidentally) motives altogether other than those obtaining in the earlier period. It would of course be simplistic to argue a case of diametrical opposites : the MamlQk sultans of Egypt and Syria operated monopolies and other commodity restrictions, while the Republic of Venice could exploit at least a partial colonialism (Morea, Crete, Cyprus), but these were the expression of political designs, seldom and then usually too late seen to be at odds with economic interests. Similarly, the antithesis Crusade : Trade was not always perceived by Venice, despite the saw devised (?) by Padovan lawyers ' Siamo Veneziani poi Cristiani' (see now, E. Zachariadou, Trade and Crusade: Venetian Crete and the Emirates of Menteshe and Aydin (1300-1415), Venice, 1983). Ashtor was naturally not concerned, at least not here, with that extraordinary period during which ' Mare nostrum ' emerged as the basic component of imperial Realpolitik. But he did, and I think not inadvertantly, plot what seems today to have been the ineluctable path to a ' Third World Syndrome '. Save in the most primitive conditions, and then perhaps even not (consider the prestigious ' exchange of gifts'), commerce can hardly be defined in terms of commodities alone. Modes of production and distribution are not only calculable but have got to be calculated: the use of hydraulic power in European but not Oriental textile production (202 ff.), visionary techniques in shipbuilding (382 ff.) and mining/ metallurgy (440 ff.), as well as the now proverbial introduction of marine insurance (373 ff.), bills of exchange (376 ff.), and doubleentry bookkeeping (382 ff.) could not but diminish the cost of time, and hence of product, influencing not merely price but also the direction of supply and demand. A simpler version could be found in crop substitution: cotton for cereals after 1291 (24, 174 ff.) may have been a market necessity but made of a local export a long-distance commodity, politically determined it is true, but none the less economically significant. The balance of trade came gradually to be calculated in terms of ' raw materials ' vs ' manufactures ', a component also (it might be added) in the contemporary demise of the Hansa in the face of Dutch and English competition, admittedly aided by the technological advance in shipbuilding, adopted (e.g. in the ' cog ') into the Mediterranean trade.


The implication of STAT5A and STAT5B in mammary gland development and maintenance of lactation is well documented in rodents and humans. However, little is known regarding their roles in mammary gland development during gestation in pigs. We identified and analyzed the complete coding sequences of swine STAT5A and STAT5B and evaluated their mRNA levels in mammary glands of gestating gilts (day 110) in two different breeds, Upton-Meishan and Large White. Sequence analysis revealed a new APASA insertion in the STAT5A amino acid sequence that is in close proximity to residue Tyr 699 and whose phosporylation leads to the activation of target genes' transcription. STAT5A mRNA levels were higher in Upton-Meishan than in Large White. In both breeds, STAT5B mRNA levels were higher than those of STAT5A , which is contrary to what was found in other mammals. A correlation between circulating IGF-I levels and STAT5B mRNA levels in the mammary gland was noticed in the Upton-Meishan breed only. STAT5B mRNA levels in m...


Objective: To investigate the effects of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) induced by preheating treatment on lethal heat-induced injury to rat pulp cells.Methods: Pulp cells were randomly divided into four groups as following: I control(C)group;II preheating(PH) group was subjected to sublethal heat(42℃×1h);III severity hyperthermia(SH) group was subjected to lethal heat(46℃×1h);IV preheating + severity hyperthermia(pH+SH) group was treated with sublethal heat(42℃×1h) 8h before subjected to lethal heat(46℃×1h).The expression of HSP70 was detected by Western Blot;the cell viability was measured by MTT,AO/EB and cytomorphology.Results: As Western Blot revealed: compared with C group,the expression of HSP70 in PH group was upregulated;as concluded respectively by MTT,AO/EB and cytomorphology,the cell in PH+SH group was of great viability.Conclusion: Preheating treatment can upregulate the expression of HSP70 in rat pulp cells,thus protecting the cells from lethalheat injury.


Ground-state and time-resolved excited-state absorption spectra and fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of three Th{sup IV} sandwich complexes, Th{sup IV}(TPP){sub 2}, Th{sup IV}(OEP){sub 2}, and Th{sup IV}(OEP)(TPP), are reported (OEP = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinate, TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate). These complexes, in which the nitrogen planes of the two porphyrin macrocycles are {approximately}2.9 {Angstrom} apart, exhibit a number of prominent optical characteristics: (1) monoporphyrin-like Q and B absorption bands, (2) a new absorption between the Q and B bands, (3) a weak, low-energy absorption that is substantially red-shifted relative to the Q bands of analogous monoporphyrin complexes, (4) fluorescence and phosphorescence emission bands that are even further red-shifted relative to typical emission bands from porphyrin monomers, and (5) a moderately intense near-infrared {sup 3}({pi},{pi}*) excited-state absorption not observed in monomeric porphyrins. These characteristic optical properties of the sandwich complexes are all accounted for by a relatively simple molecular orbital configuration-interaction model. Additionally, the spectral data and molecular orbital model identify the energies of charge-transfer configurations and delineate their contribution to the electronic states of these strongly-coupled {pi} systems. These results provide insights into the interactions that can take place between other pairs of chromophores brought within van der Waals contact, such as the bacteriochlorophyll dimermore » of the photosynthetic reaction center. 49 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less


The mathematical simulation of voltage and current waveform of the discharge lamp is useful for the analysis and design of ballasting circuits. This paper proposes a mathematical model which has lamp power and negative voltage drop in discharge lamp. Simulation applying the proposed model has been done, and the results are compared with the experimental results. Furthermore, in the paper, the ballast components(core, transformer) was designed such that high intensity discharge could be optimized for the automotive, by applying a method simulation based design.


As an important part of company management, internal control runs through all aspects of business activities. In view of the non-quantitative of the internal control evaluation system of the enterprise, this article applies the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of enterprise internal control, and evaluates the internal control of the group by analyzing the relevant data of Qiulin Group's financial statements. Finally, it puts forward relevant suggestions to improve the internal control of the enterprise, hoping to provide a reference for the improvement of internal control of the enterprise.


Objective:To study the effects of mild hypothermia on brain edema and expression of s100β in rats,so as to research the effect of mild hypothermia during different time on cerebral resuscitation.Methods:The model of resuscitation was established by modified asphyxiation,50 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,normal temperature group,and mild hypothermia group.The expression of s100β and the brain water content were measured at the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) 1.5,3,6 and 12 hours.Results: The brain water content of mild hypothermia group was lower than those of the normal temperature group(P0.05)at ROSC 6 hours.The expression of s100β of mild hypothermia group at ROSC 1.5h,3h were lower than that of the normal temperature group(P0.05).But on the expression of s100β,there were no significance differences between mild hypothermia group and the normal temperature group at ROSC 6 h,12 h.Conclusions: Mild hypothermia can release the brain edema,decrease the damage to the blood brain barrier,and have well protection to the brain.But the effect of protection will reduce after ROSC 6h.


sera incomparisonwithsera obtained shortly after infection (P= 0.0084). Anti-VP6 antibodies were detectable as soon as 7daysafter onset ofgastrointestinal symptoms, andserum reactivity persisted inspecimens drawnmore than1year after infection. Solid-phase immunoassay withrecombinant VP6was nextemployed inordertoassessanti-GBR antibody in513 serum specimens obtained from423Maryland residents (ages, 7monthsto96 years;medianage,42years). Four individuals (<1%)exhibited serum antibodies directed against therecombinant VP6 (ages, 54to95years; mean age,77years). Examination of129additional serum specimens including some fromothergeographic regions ofthe United States failed toreveal thepresenceofanti-GBR antibody. Anti-GBR antibody was alsonotdetected inany of131serum specimens from60stafandresidents ofa nursing homeinSwitzerland. Whileinfection ofhumans withGBR hasbeenuncommon intheselocations outside ofChina, thedetection ofserum antibodies inolder individuals intheUnited States either indicated an unknown, age-related riskfactor or may haveindicated infection inthe more distant past. Theavailability ofthese reagents should allow surveysforGBR infection among additional populations thathavenotpreviously beeninvestigated.


Abstract : Cultural resources survey of approximately 1517 acres conducted along the shoreline and in extra shoreline areas of Hulah Lake, Osage County, Oklahoma resulted in the discovery of 22 new sites and the rediscovery of 3 previously recorded sites representing the results of prehistoric and/or historic activities. While none of the recorded sites is clearly eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, 5 prehistoric components require additional work to assess their individual significance.


DC The first issue is one of whether screening should be undertaken at all in the larger population with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). I do not currently believe that evidence exists to implement this practice. Screening programs are currently justified by the belief that the vast majority of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients have Barrett esophagus (BE) before they develop cancer. However, less than 5% of people who have esophageal adenocarcinoma are identified as having BE before the cancer develops. Therefore, everything we do in terms of surveillance and treatment is aimed at this population of less than 5% of people with the cancer. Advocates of screening argue that if we are to serve our main goal of decreasing the number of cancer deaths, the percentage of detected BE cases needs to increase and that can be done through widespread screening programs. This concept generally makes sense, but there is currently no direct evidence to support it. Screening a large population, such as that of patients affected by GERD, increases the risk and inconvenience to an enormous number of people who will never develop BE or cancer. Thus we run the risk of doing, on average, more harm than good. Further, medical interventions can have surprising effects. For example, study has shown that negative screening results can adversely impact patient behavior. A recent colon cancer screening trial in Scandinavia randomized patients to sigmoidoscopy or no screening and recorded a number of other risk factors (body mass index, smoking habits, dietary habits). Afterward, patients were followed for a number of years to determine the effects of screening. The researchers found that patients who were screened, but did not have any polyp or cancer identified, deteriorated in terms of high-risk behavior. After the screening, they were more likely to gain weight, more likely to smoke, and more likely to have poor diets than persons who were not screened at all. Essentially, it appeared they may have engaged in unhealthy behaviors because they believed, either consciously or subconsciously, that they were at lower risk. Thus, if screening is undertaken in a very large cohort of people who are at very low risk of dying from cancer, the psychological predisposition that encourages other unhealthy behaviors may have unanticipated adverse events that outweigh any benefit seen from screening. The only way to evaluate whether screening would have more benefit than harm is to find more definitive evidence of overall benefit from screening protocols. As of yet, no randomized trials, cohort studies, or case-control studies have looked at whether screening a large group of GERD patients, who are very unlikely to develop cancer on average, would be of benefit.


Objective To investigate the relationship between B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)and acute myocardial infarction.Methods 46 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI),according to 3 months follow-up adverse cardiac events, were divided into group A (with adverse cardiac events,n=10)and group B (without adverse cardiac events,n=36).BNP on admission(BNP_1),BNP after 2 weeks (BNP_2),△BNP(△BNP=BNP_1-BNP_2),△BNP%=(BNP_1-BNP_2)/BNP_1 and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were compared between two groups.Results Univariate analysis showed LVEF, BNP_1, BNP_2, △BNP% in two groups were different significantly (P0.05),Logistic regression analysis showed BNP_1 was independent risk factor of adverse cardiac events(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.22~1.96,P=0.00),while △BNP% was independent protection factor of adverse cardiac events(OR=0.27,95%CI=0.12~0.42,P=0.00).Conclusion Plasma BNP on admission and △BNP% were significantly associated with three-month adverse cardiac events after AMI. [


ABSTRACT This introduction to the journal special edition Minor Shakespeares contextualises the articles which follow by exploring Deleuze and Guattari's concept of 'minor literature' as it helps to read and reconceptualise Shakespearean drama and poetics, as well as the range of global Shakespeares. It is illustrated how recent paths taken by Deleuzian scholarship in the fields of literary and film criticism, ontology, vitalism, sexuality studies, ecocriticism and postcolonialism open potentially new lines of enquiry into Shakespeare, and how a Deleuzian/Deleuzoguattarian approach can combine openness to Shakespearean concerns with the bringing of Shakespeare into dialogue with pressing contemporary political questions.


1. Introduction. 2. External Inputs to U.S. Foreign Policy. 3. Societal Inputs to U.S. Foreign Policy. 4. Governmental Inputs to U.S. Foreign Policy. 5. Individual and Role Inputs to U.S. Foreign Policy. 6. Process. 7. Conclusions. Bibliography.


Robinson's implicit function theorem has played a mayor role in the analysis of stability of optimization problems in the last two decades. In this paper we take a new look at this theorem, and with an updated terminology go back to the roots and present some extensions.


In order to resolve DNS's security issues such as cache poison, denial of service attacks, domain name hijacking, and so on, DNSSEC technology standard has been developed. This paper introduced the working principle and the major security issues of DNS, discussed the working mechanism, deployment method and applications advantage of DNSSEC technology, analysed application status and future development.


The LAMPF Nuclear Chemistry computer system is designed to provide both real-time control of data acquisition and facilities for data processing for a large variety of users. It is a PDP-11/34 connected to a parallel CAMAC branch highway as well as a large variety of peripherals. The philosophy for the design of this system will be discussed, and will cover such points as use of the computer for control only versus direct data acquisition by the computer, why a CAMAC system was chosen, and the advantages and disadvantages of this system. Also to be discussed will be future expansion of the system and what might be done differently if the system were redesigned.


Longitudinal wave velocities in numerous synthetic and natural porous media at room temperature and pressure have been measured. Basic characteristics of the measuring device are briefly described. Wave velocities have been found for aggregates of uniform spheres of various diameters both when dry and when saturated with water, brine, organic liquids and plastics. The effect of porosity on the wave velocity through aggregates of glass spheres saturated with plastic has been determined over the porosity range 19%–70%. Experimental measurements have been made of the effect of varying brine‐oil and brine‐gas saturations on the wave velocity through natural sedimentary rock samples. The effect of salinity and temperature on the wave velocity through sodium chloride brines has been redetermined. Results are graphically presented to show experimental relationships between wave velocity, porosity, pore content and matrix nature of sedimentary rocks. Some conclusions are drawn regarding general relationships betw...


This paper searches for fit between corporate strategy and the engineering design process. In order to emphasize the strategic side of engineering designers' decisions, the designers should be managed in the very early stages of engineering design process. Also, the data banks and performance measurement for engineering design should be designed so that they emphasize the future aspect of decisions instead of concentrating on post calculations of present products. The above features are close to the characteristics of strategy process. The most relevant issues in their framework are: future orientation and communication. These themes are emphasized by integrating the work and tools of design engineers to the company's strategy and performance analyses.


It presents a novel method called self-organizing fusion (SOF) for performing fast image segmentation. Characteristics of SOF are explored and discussed, both theoretically and empirically. The essence of SOF is that objects are extracted through alternating processes of updating and merging until convergence. Such concurrent updating creates a self-organizing fusion behavior that facilitates identification of regions comprising the same object. The method is computationally efficient as both updating and merging are conducted in parallel fashion, and since parameters selection is done for local regions, it is able to deal with fairly complex images.


Sperm whales live in the matrilineal population structure based on complex social interactions. Groups of 10-20 adult females stay together and raise their offspring. During social activities, they emit specific patterned time sequences of clicks, called codas. These codas are also the social unit acoustic signature. However, no associations were already done between these emitted sounds and behaviours. To answer this question, we used a dataset including simultaneous video and acoustic recordings during sperm whale activities close to the sea surface. In 2017 and 2018, 114 days of observations for 25h33min was done. A total of 1,810 behaviours and of 1,324 codas were extracted. We analyzed their internal structures, based of number of clicks and also the variation of inter-click intervals. Results showed firstly that the 8-clicks codas were the most frequent sequences for this social unit, and secondly that codas seems to be call and contact signals for this haptic species.


We studied the possibility of formation of iron-substituted manganites and cobaltites of the compositions CoFe/sub x/Mn/sub 2-x/O/sub 4/ and MnFe/sub x/Co/sub 2-x/O/sub 4/. According to the x-ray phase analysis data, upon boiling of precipitates of hydroxides of the compositions CoFe/sub x/Mn/sub 2-x/O/sub 4/, MnFe/sub x/Co/sub 2-x/O/sub 4/, and Mn/sub y/Co/sub 1-y/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ in mother liquor substituted solid solutions with a spinel-like structure are formed. Solid solutions based on ferrite or manganites and cobaltites can be produced, depending on the ratio of the components, by heat treatment of precipitated ..cap alpha..-Mn(OH)/sub 2/, ..cap alpha..-FeOOH, and ..beta..-Co(OH)/sub 2/. The dependence of conductance and dielectric constant on the spinel composition has been studied.


Ontologies provide advantages of knowledge reusability, sharing, and greater robustness when used to build large knowledge-based applications. Unfortunately, translating between English statements and a specific ontology requires skill in knowledge engineering and an understanding of formal logic and the ontology itself. A knowledge engineer must be familiar with the concepts in the ontology, the fine distinctions between terms, and the specific way the ontology conceptualizes the world. We have developed a tool, CELT (controlled English to logic translation), to enable nonprogrammers to add knowledge expressed in terms of an ontology. CELT is an automatic translation tool to convert controlled English to KIF formulas using ontologies built with the suggested upper merged ontology (SUMO). Wordnet provides a base lexicon and a default preference for word senses. We do not expect CELT to obviate the need for knowledge engineers but to instead better leverage their time, as current machine translation tools assist professional human translators.


SIRS, In his recent study of the tectonic and metamorphic history of the Upper Findhorn, Piasecki (1975) notes that the earliest fabric is folded around the Fx folds and preserved within syn-Fi garnets, yet relegates this fabric to a stage in the development of the Fx deformation. This leads him to contrast the thermal history of the area (high grade during Fx) with that of the Dalradian to the south-east (high grade during F2), and to relate it rather with that of the Moines to the north-west of the Great Glen. I would suggest that there is, in fact, no discrepancy here. In the areas of the Moine and Dalradian that I have studied in detail (from Loch Leveri to Loch Tummel) there are several lithologies (particularly the Moine psammites and homogeneous pelites) where the earliest deformation (Fx) is witnessed chiefly by a schistosity sensibly parallel to bedding and a fine-grained, low-grade, fabric preserved in porphyroblasts (Treagus 1974, Roberts and Treagus 1975). Unlike the Upper Findhorn area, this fabric can always be demonstrated to be axial-planar to minor folds (in these and other lithologies) and to major folds revealed by the lithological mapping. The dominant secondary schistosity in these areas (not necessarily the local S2) has a Caledonoid strike and is related to a sharp rise in metamorphic grade and to porphyroblastesis. The axial-traces of some folds that have later modified these earlier structures are distinctly non-Caledonoid in trend. This pattern of events is entirely consistent with that of the Upper Findhorn area if the earliest schistosity is assigned to the regional Fx and the main schistosity and folding to the local F2. This suggestion is reinforced by Piasecki's own correlation of the Corrieyairack Syncline (his Fx) with the equivalent structure forming the belt of post-Moine rocks between Glen Roy and Loch Leven. This belt is clearly a secondary synform (Bailey 1934, plate xvi, a-c); it is associated with an axial-planar strain-slip cleavage (Bailey and Maufe i960, p. 46) and the growth of garnet porphyroblasts which preserve an earlier fabric (Treagus 1974, pp 534 and 542). The Ahnach Beag Synform is one component of this secondary synformal complex and folds the Fx Aonach Beag Core (Bailey and Maufe op. cit. pp 23 and 46). Thus it would seem likely that the folds named Fx by Piasecki from the Upper Findhorn are, in fact, secondary corrugations (local F2) of the lower limb of a recumbent, north-west facing Fx (regional) syncline. The early thermal history of the area would then be entirely consistent with that of the Moine and Dalradian south-east of the Great Glen elsewhere and not inconsistent with the Caledonian tectonic and thermal history of the Moine to the north-west of the Great Glen suggested recently by Powell (i974)-


The rise of halogenated organic semiconducting materials has led to a significant increase of organic photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies in recent years. However, the impact of halogen atom...


A Moire system for linear measurement of an unknown distance defined by two surfaces, a collimated light source, a first grating between light source and the surfaces, a second grating positioned to receive collimated light from the surfaces after the light has reached the surfaces from the first grating, the first and second gratings being rotated relative to each other by a small angle theta , a screen located after the second grating for receiving Moire patterns caused by the first and second gratings, and a mechanism for shifting the patterns as a function of the unknown distance whereby measurements of the amount of shifting is determinative of the unknown distance.


Cyclotheonamides A ( 1 : R = CHO: X, Y = 0) and B (2a: R = Ac; X. Y = 0) have been isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Theonella collected off Hachijo-jima Island, Japan."] These macrocyclic pentapeptides strongly inhibit various proteinases. particularly thrombin. and are the first macrocyclic thrombin inhibitors having two novel amino acid residues: a vinylogous tyrosine and an arginine extended by a carbonyl group in the x-position (a-carbonyl homologue of arginine) (Scheme 1) . Their structural uniqueness as well as intriguing biological activities motivated their total synthesisr2-'] and determination of their mechanism of serine protease inh ib i t i~n . '~ . 61


BY-81 (an antibiotic).3) Since no further investigation on the other metabolites has been reported, we reinvestigated this organism to find compounds with unique structures. In the present paper we wish to report the isolation, characterization and synthesis of three metabolites having 5-(3 '-indolyl)-oxazole skelton. For the production of these metabolites, fermentation was carried out in a jar-fermentor containing 10 liters of the culture medium, composed of0.5% meat extract, 1.0% polypeptone, 1.0% glucose and 0.3% NaCl. After 72hr fermentation, the mycelia were harvested and extracted with acetone. The fermentation and extraction were also performed on a 100-fold scale. After evaporation of acetone from the extract, the resulting aqueous residue was extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract was concentrated in vacuo, passed through an alumina column (5.5 x28cm) and eluted with chloroform (5 liters). The chloroform effluent was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in benzene. The benzene solution was absorbed on a silica gel column (5.5x31cm) and eluted with benzene (1 liter) and then benzene-2-butanone (10 : 1 v/v, 5 liters). The benzene-2-butanone effluent was concentrated in vacuo. Fractional recrystallization of the resulting syrup from chloroform and chloroform-methanol and preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates [solvent : benzene-2-butanone (10 : 1 v/v)] gave metabolites I (6mg), II (480mg) and III (201mg). The physicochemical data of metabolites I, II and III are summarized in Table I. Metabolite I, C12H10N2O,was obtained as colorless needles (mp 204-5°C) and proved to be pimprinine (I). Pimprinine, which exhibits antiepileptic effect,40 was isolated by Bhate et al. from Streptomyces pimprina5) and synthesized by Joshi et al.6) and by Oikawa et alP Metabolite II, C13H12N2O, was a new natural product which we have named pimprinethine. The UVabsorption spectrum of pimprinethine was similar to that of I. Meanwhile, the NMR spectrum of pimprinethine indicated the presence of ethyl group [S^h: 1.42 (3H, triplet,. /=8Hz), 2.85 (2H, quartet,.7=8Hz)] instead of


Michael Devitt's latest book is partly a critique of semantic holism, the view that the meaning of each linguistic or mental 'token' (that is, an individual occurrence of a word or sentence) is constituted by its entire set of inferential properties. Semantic holism, Devitt argues, is something close to orthodoxy in philosophy of language, psychology, and artificial intelligence. (He spends little time considering whether the orthodoxy is not rather the milder holism about type-sentences and thoughts (pp. 110, 122)). But it is also pretty clearly false. Although this book comes in the wake of Fodor and Lepore's 'Shoppers Guide' to holism, which also aimed to rebut the (Quinean) arguments for that view, Devitt does not defend Fodors 'atomistic localism', according to which the meaning of a token is never constituted by its inferential properties. Rather, he advocates the modest and eminently sensible view ('molecular localism') that 'a few of the inferential properties of a token may constitute its meaning' (pp. vii, 3). The arguments for localism are covered in a chapter which develops an exhaustive taxonomy of kinds of semantic holism and localism, and considers all their permutations. The last two chapters defend 'representationalism', the view that 'meanings are entirely constituted by representational properties' (p. 101). Although this particular version of localism has problems of its own, I shall concentrate on the first three chapters of the book where, I think, all the important decisions are made.


nMoral and mental quietude is most desirable, but here ain not iactivit. According to the natural dispositions, various degres of mental occupation and social intercourse are necessary; and so strongly is the action, and thence the structure of the heart, influenced by mete physical causes, that there is no morbific circumstance more pernicious than violent mental passions, and no medicine, in chronic cases, so salutary as the calm enjoyment of agreeable social relations, and of amusing intellectual pursuits. We speak practicaUy not less than poeticaUy, when we place these passions in the human heart; and as we hear of many a whole heart rent and broken with grief and trouble, or burst with unbridled passion, we may well judge what havoc these feelings may cause in a heart already unsound. It is not often ours to "minister to a mind diseased, or cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff that weighs upon the heart;" but we may often enlist the patient's understanding and well-grounded fears on our own side, when we counsel him sobriety in his sorrow, and calmness in his care: on us may devolve the privilege and responsibility (and in no case does the conscientious physician, with his best exertions, more need Divine help to direct his judgment aright) of advising and deciding with regard to important changes in the relations and occupations of his future life." London Medical Gazette, 1838.


In the present study the warpage of rotationally molded parts of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The effect from different processing factors such as part thickness, cooling condition and diameter of the venting tube was evaluated. In addition to the rotational molding experiments, an alternative experimental technique, referred to as "Hot Press", was also applied to investigate the warpage of two different grades of LLDPE under typical rotational molding conditions, which means slow cooling from only one side. The crystallinity and spherulitic morphology along the thickness of the rotationally molded parts were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Polarized Light Optical Microscopy. It is shown that the warpage increases with increasing cooling rate. The increase in diameter of the venting tube is more effective in reducing the warpage of rotationally molded parts, especially for lower cooling rates. In hot press experiments the grade of LLDPE with lower melt flow index and higher flexural strength presented lower warpage. The part thickness affects the warpage in hot press experiments only for faster cooling rates. In general, crystallinity and spherulitic diameter are lower in positions along the cross section of the rotationally molded part where the cooling rate is faster.


Crowdfunding plays a role in the Indonesian economy in its development. Sharia crowdfunding has become a solution to provide financial services that are accessible to businesses that lack access to banking, especially in Indonesia. Using a literature review, this study aims to describe crowdfunding and show how sharia crowdfunding is developing in Indonesia. The results of the study show that crowdfunding has continued to develop in Indonesia since it was first popular in 2009. Sharia crowdfunding has the potential to benefit the business world in accessing capital, increasing welfare, and general economic growth. Another finding is that the implementation of sharia crowdfunding is divided into four categories; donation-based, reward-based, asset-based and equity-based crowdfunding. Where there are differences between conventional crowdfunding and sharia crowdfunding from the four categories. In addition, sharia crowdfunding is also faced with several future issues that must be faced, such as: public trust in crowdfunding, quality and understanding, contract innovation, partnerships with banks, integration with NBFIs, especially MFIs and being able to develop businesses that have high risk.
 Keywords: Crowdfunding, Sharia Crowdfunding, Development


A thesis submitted to the Department of Materials Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Resources Management, College of Engineering. October 2012.


Polydopamine(PDOPA)deposition was used in this study to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the PVDF hollow-fiber membrane.In further,mPEG-NH2was grafted on the PDOPA layer through the adhesion of PDOPA to functionalize the membrane surface.The effects of PDOPA deposition and PEG grafting were compared under various reaction condition,and the separation efficiency of oil/water emulsion was used to evaluate the performance of modified membranes.The results showed that the PDOPA modified PVDF hollow-fiber membrane increased in hydrophilicity after 480minutes of dopamine deposition,the contact angle reduced from 84.9°to 50.1°,and the water penetration rate into membrane increased.Deposition time of PDOPA affected the pure water flux,with flux increasing 6.4% after30minutes of deposition.A lower decreasing rate of flux,a higher steady-state flux and a more excellent anti-fouling were observed for modified membranes during filtration of an oil/water emulsion.The PDOPA modified membranes got a further improvement in hydrophilicity after grafting mPEG-NH2,and the rejection of oil/water emulsion increased 13%.The results show that both the PDOPA modification and mPEG-NH2grafting improve the PVDF hollow-fiber membrane performance in the treatment of oil/water filtration effectively.


The teacher's role is very central as the direct implementer of the curriculum designed by the Government, so teachers must continue to innovate and improve the quality of human resources in line with the development of Information and Technology. In the era of 4.0 Islamic Religious Education teachers must have competencies, there are at least 4 competencies that must be possessed, Teachers must be able to conduct Comprehensive Assessment, teachers must have 21st century competencies namely mastery of Information Technology, Teachers Must be able to present Modules in accordance with Student Passions, and Teachers must able to perform Innovative Autentic Learning. In addition to these competencies, teachers must also pay attention to the challenges in areas 4.0 such as teaching in communities that have diverse cultures with multi-language competencies, teaching for active learning, teaching and accountability, so that the challenges of educational development can be passed by teachers with human resources who are always innovating


This paper focuses on the turning maneuverability of a bionic gliding robotic dolphin. Inspired by natural dolphin's turning styles, a novel gliding robotic dolphin with a special yaw joint is developed to purse high turning maneuverability. Thus, the robot can realize several turning patterns based on its flippers, yaw joint and dolphin-like dorsal-abdominal undulating mechanism. Considering both dolphin-like mode and gliding mode, a dynamic model is constructed to further analyze the turning performance through adopting the Newton-Euler method. Thereafter, five turning patterns are selected to explore how the special mechanism as well as some key parameters affect the turning performance of the robotic dolphin. The simulation results reveal that every pattern can successfully and effectively realize turning motions, furthermore, appropriate turning pattern as well as control parameters can contribute to high maneuverability, i.e., small turning radius and high turning velocity, which provides valuable guidance for future control and application of the bionic gliding robotic dolphin.


A presentation prepared at the Conference on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies, Capacity Building and Agricultural Innovations to Improve Livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa: Post-Copenhagen, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 7–9 June 2010.


This study focused on the drying kinetics of Ceratotheca sesamoides (False sesame) leaves, determination of its proximate and mineral compositions. The leaves of Ceratotheca sesamoides at 88.59% moisture content (wb) were obtained, sorted, graded and subjected to a thin layer drying operation using hot air oven at varying drying temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 C. Drying data obtained were fitted into eight mathematical models; Page, Modified Page, Midili, Newton, Two-term, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic and Modified Henderson and Pabis. They were compared in values according to their coefficients of determination (R) and Standard Error of Estimate (SEE). Results showed that Page model provided the best fit for the drying of Ceraotheca sesamoides leaves. The study also showed that drying process occurred in the falling rate period while the drying curve investigated was characterized by a progressive decrease in drying time with increase in drying temperature. The results of the proximate composition, of the dried leaves at varying temperatures showed that crude protein was in the range (23.92-24.15%); total ash (6.12-7.53%); moisture content (9.03-9.38%); crude fibre (8.09-8.22%); fat (2.98-3.08%), and carbohydrate (48.10-49.63%). Mineral elements analysis of calcium, zinc, phosphorus and iron were also in the range 229.70 277.75, 30.85-78.30, 4.38-4.40 and 85.05-185.20 mg/100g, respectively while Vitamin C was found in the range 59.29-208.15 mg/100 g. The study provided useful information on the optimum drying condition of Ceratotheca sesamoides and also showed that Ceratotheca sesamoides is an exotic vegetable in terms of its nutritional composition. KeywordsCeratotheca sesamoides, drying kinetics, proximate composition, minerals, Vitamin C.


DISCOVERERS COMPOUNDS ARE PRESENTED DENTAL PLATE CONTAINING COMPOUND CABALAMINA such as vitamin B12 as a developer, also presented with a process for treating the oral cavity with these compounds.


A high-speed and energy-efficient time-interleaved SAR (TI-SAR) ADC with sampling speeds over tens of GS/s is becoming a critical building block for next-generation high-speed links. In most TI-SAR ADCs, a two-stage sampling scheme shown in Fig. 1 [1] is essential to meet the required front-end sampler bandwidth. In this scheme, the primary design parameter is the number of ADC channels that a single buffer needs to feed, which affects the overall power and design complexity. In many cases, the assignment of four channel ADCs per buffer is common for a nice balance among power, area, and design complexity. Therefore, to design a TI-SAR ADC achieving tens of GS/s, it is essential to design a quad-channel ADC where a front-end sampler and a single buffer are integrated. The buffer is typically implemented as a source follower, resulting in slight signal attenuation and leading to potential SNR degradation. Moreover, the channel ADC speed should be maximized to minimize the total number of channels. Otherwise, the system complexity and the silicon area grow exponentially. However, the on-resistance of the MOSFET limits both the achievable sampling and settling times in the capacitive DACs (CDACs). This is particularly problematic when designing high-speed ADCs in a legacy bulk CMOS process. Many studies have been conducted to overcome the speed limitation, but most of them incorporate highly accurate and complicated calibration. Most high-speed TI-SAR ADCs inevitably have gain and offset mismatches between channels, which can be easily calibrated in the digital back-end. However, additional calibration inside the channel ADC is undesirable not to increase the complexity and silicon area in the existence of many channels.


Fruits of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple that were harvested in July (summer) matured more quickly and had greater mass than fruits that matured in February (winter). The pattern of sugar accumulation was also different. Fruit harvested in February had a hexose:sucrose ratio of 0.37 and sucrose was mainly accumulated. Fruit harvested in July had a hexose:sucrose ratio of 5.92 and more hexose was accumulated. There was significant difference in sugar accumulation and sucrose metabolism enzymes between fruits harvested in February and July. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase synthetic direction in fruits harvested in February were significantly higher than those in July, whereas the invertase activities in fruits maturated in February was significantly lower than those in July. This profile of sucrose metabolism enzymes was favorable to sucrose accumulation for fruits harvested in February. The result of ascending invertases was that fruits that maturated in July accumulated less sucrose and more hexose than was the case for fruits that mature in February.


4-Substituted oxazol-2-amines react with isothiocyanates to give products having a thioamide function at C5. The reaction is considered to be an electrophilic process in competition with the usual reaction of the amino group with the isothiocyanate . The nature of the isothiocyanate and the type of substituent at C4 affect the amount of the thioamide product formed. Some chemical properties of the thioamides are also investigated.


The design of a hemofiltration method that minimizes the side effects produced by the accumulation of Pt-based drugs such as cisplatin represents an important technology for cancer treatment. This work establishes the foundation for the development of an efficient platform for the electrochemical hemofiltration and simultaneous sensing of antitumor drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, from  physiological medium. The electrochemical filtration system is based on a gold surface-modified electrode using tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine ligands as scavengers of the Pt-based drug complexes. The platinum–phosphine interaction is shown to be more time efficient, as compared to the naturally occurring form of a glutathione–platinum adduct, and displayed a highly cooperative nature of binding. Altogether, we demonstrate that the presence of ligands capable of binding to Pt results in a differential spectroscopic and electrochemical response and the potential to adsorb and monitor the concentration of Pt salts in c...


The Tides and Inflows in the Mangrove Ecotone (TIME) project entails a study of the transition region using a coupled surface-water/groundwater model and the collection and analysis of data in support of that modeling effort. This project entails incorporation, into the TIME surface-water model, the understandings gleaned from the Southern and Inland Coastal Systems (SICS) study conducted in the Taylor Slough and C-111 Canal basins of Everglades National Park. Specifically, vegetative resistance and meteorological forcing process-study results are being incorporated into the TIME model. Because of the high demand for data in the parameterization of these results, this project also involves the assembly, storage and distribution of all time-variable data sets used to drive, calibrate and test the TIME surface-water model. The TIME Model Development project is focused on further developing, extending and implementing a mathematical model to study the interaction between wetland sheet flows and dynamic forces in the transition zone between the southern Everglades and its coastal embayments. The model will be used to study and evaluate the combined response of hydroperiods in the wetlands and salinities in the mangrove ecotone to inflow alterations. The major product of the TIME Model Development project will be a sound, physically-based, fine-resolution (500m) model of the Everglades National Park area of the Everglades consistent with the Across Trophic Level System Simulation models that can be used as a research tool and management model to study and evaluate ecosystem response to regulatory decisions. Through analysis of model results for varied inflows, cause and effect relationships to ecosystem functions and sustainability can be investigated to evaluate and guide restoration actions. Any external dynamic factors that could adversely affect restoration objectives can be identified and demonstrated. Data collected in support of the model development will be made available for dissemination via the Internet and scientific findings will be reported in traditional peer-reviewed literature as appropriate.


Tyrosine residues in ricin D were modified with N-acetylimidazole and the saccharide binding properties of the resulting derivatives were examined. The cytoagglutinating activity of ricin D was not altered by acetylation of one tyrosine residue/mol, but decreased greatly upon modification of two tyrosine residues/mol. In the cytoagglutination test, only 6% residual activity was found in the derivative, 2-Ac-ricin D, in which 2.4 tyrosine residues/mol were acetylated. In the presence of lactose, however, one tyrosine residue/mol was protected from acetylation by N-acetylimidazole with a retention of the saccharide binding ability, suggesting the involvement of one tyrosine residue in the saccharide binding. Fluorescence and UV-difference spectroscopic data indicate that the binding ability of the low affinity saccharide-binding site (LA-site) of ricin D remained unchanged after modification of 2 tyrosine residues/mol. The affinity chromatography of the acetylated derivatives of ricin D on the lactamyl- and...


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potencial influence local product Abpo PMSG treatment on pregnant rate of mice . Methode used for this research was by injecting 0,1 ml Abpo PMSG on superovulated mice with PMSG and hCG. There were six treatment in this research. Control group was group  of mice that only superovulated. P1 was given PMSG and Abpo PMSG together. P2 was group of mice that wich Abpo given 1 hour after PMSG, P3 given Abpo PMSG when they were estrous. P4 given Abpo PMSG 1 hour before hCG, and P5 given Abpo PMSG 1 hour after hCG. The result showed that the most pregnant rate resulted from P3. The least pregnant rate was from control group. Foetus number of P1, P2, P4 and P5 was showed no significant difference with P3 group (P>0,05)


THE INVENTION REGARDS (3-chloro propionyl) -2 FLUORO-4 Phenol OF GENERAL FORMULA I: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) THAT WE PREPARED BY ACYLATION OF CRAFTS AND Friedel THE FLUORO-4 PHENOL OR ITS ETHERS BY CHLORIDE chloro-3 propionyl, OR WITH FRIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF REACTION ON chloro-3 PROPIONATE FLUORO-PHENYL 4. APPLICATION PREPARATION OF 6-FLUORO-chromanone 4 OF GENERAL FORMULA II (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) BY THE cYCLIZATION (4-chloro propionyl) -2 FLUORO-4 PHENOL ROOM TEMPERATURE OR SIMPLE HEATING.


Education, it is often argued, offers a remedy to the challenge of extremism faced by the contemporary world. At a gathering of Nobel Peace Prize winners three months after the September 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, the Dalai Lama offered this response to violent extremism: "If the mind is more open, that will automatically bring less fear. Education can narrow the gap between appearances and reality." The 1986 prize winner, Elie Wiesel, added: "What is it that seduces some young people to terrorism? It simplifies things. The fanatic has no questions, only answers. Education is the way to eliminate terrorism." Education appears to offer a channel through which to transport individuals from a realm of extremism to a realm of peace, through developing skills of critical thinking, and open-mindedness to others. But does counterextremist education bring about peace? Through an analytical lens of peace and violence, this essay offers a challenge to these arguments by critically deconstructing each of the three component elements of counter-extremist education: extremism, counter-extremism, and education.


Missing values means the absence of data items for an observation that can result in the loss of certain information. During surveys, there are often missing values or missing data because there are likely respondents who cannot answer the question or do not want to answer the question. One way to handle missing values can be done by imputation, which is the process of filling or replacing missing values in the dataset with possible values based on information obtained in the dataset. This paper will apply the sequential regression multivariate imputation (SRMI) method for imputation of missing values in normal multivariate data. SRMI is a multiple imputation method whose imputation values are obtained from the sequence of regression model, where each variable containing missing values is regressed against all other variables that do not contain missing values as predictor variables. The way to get the value of imputation is to use an iteration approach to draw values from the predictive posterior distribution of the missing values under each successive regression model. the results of the evaluation of imputation quality on simulation data using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).


Grasping the essence of specialty learning content as quickly as possible by using the basic study method is the basic requirement of studyization society and organisation,as well as lifelong learning.Therefore,this paper points out the basic method of learning from memory,interest,feeling,style,science of history,philosophy,technical ability and information,etc.,which profitablely improves the study efficacy and further dialectically shows the characteristic study method and views of learners.


With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology and the advent of the 5G era, the role of UAV-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) system has attracted much attention, especially in the event of some emergencies. However, considering the limited battery life and computing capabilities of UAVs, it is challenging to provide energy-efficient services for mobile devices. To solve this challenge, we propose an energy-efficient dynamic task migration algorithm (EDTM) that minimizes the total energy consumption of the system while ensuring UAVs system load balance. Based on the improved ant colony algorithm and path elimination strategy, the proposed algorithm comprehensively considers task migration distance between UAVs, the load situation of UAVs, and environmental factors (e.g., wind speed and air density) and finally plans a reasonable task migration path. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed EDTM is superior to the benchmark schemes.


This paper examines a distinctive feature of intermediate goods trade which the traditional gravity equation fails to capture, i.e., intermediate goods trade is positively related not only to the importing country"s demand for finished goods but also to its neighbors" demand for finished goods. We regress a gravity equation for finished goods trade in the first step. Then, introducing the importing country"s access to the total demand for finished goods which is calculated by using the estimates in the first step, we regress our gravity equation for trade in intermediate goods. Our regression results confirm such a feature of intermediate goods trade. Using the results of the regression, we simulate how the rise of US consumers" demand for finished goods affects the total imports and exports of intermediate goods in each country.


The partial enzymology property of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Neurospora sp was investigated. The fibrinolytic enzyme was composed of two subunits which molecular weight 30000Da and 15500 Darespectively .The isoeletric point of the enzyme estimated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was 7.9±0.2.The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme for hydrolyzing fibrin were 7.4 and 50℃.The enzyme was stable at pH range of 6~8 and temperature range of 32℃~42℃.


In this paper an analysis method of a branch guide coupler in rectangular coaxial waveguide is presented. This method is based on a mode matching approach with modal analysis performed by using the transverse resonance technique. Accurate measurements on a 3 dB coupler breadboard prove the effectiveness of this procedure.


The stability of a horizontal porous layer of a ferromagnetic fluid heated from below is studied when the fluid layer is subject to a time-periodic body force. Modified Darcy law is used to describe the fluid motion. The effect of gravity modulation is treated by a perturbation expansion in powers of the amplitude of modulation. The stability of the system, characterized by a correction Rayleigh number, is determined as a function of the frequency of modulation, magnetic parameters, and Vadasz number. It is found that subcritical instability is possible for low frequency g-jitter and that the magnetic and g-jitter mechanisms work against each other for small and moderate values of frequency of modulation. The effect of Vadasz number is shown to be reinforcing the influence of gravity modulation for small and moderate values of frequency. The magnetic, porous and modulation effects disappear altogether for sufficiently large values of the frequency of modulation. Keywords-Ferromagnetic fluid, Gravity modulation, Perturbation method, Porous layer, Stability. Gupta and Gupta (3) investigated thermal instability in a layer of ferromagnetic fluid subject to coriolis force and permeated by a vertical magnetic field. It is substantiated that overstability cannot occur if the Prandtl number is greater than unity. Gotoh and Yamada (4) investigated the linear convective instability of a ferromagnetic fluid layer heated from below and confined between two horizontal ferromagnetic boundaries. The Galerkin technique is used and the Legendre polynomials are taken as the trial functions. It is shown that the magnetization of the boundaries and the nonlinearity of fluid magnetization reduce the critical Rayleigh number and the effects of magnetization and buoyancy forces are shown to compensate each other. Blums (5) examined the possibility of having convection in ferromagnetic fluids as a result of magneto- diffusion of colloidal particles which give rise to non-uniform magnetization. Stiles and Kagan (6) examined the thermoconvective instability of a horizontal layer of ferrofluid in a strong vertical magnetic field. Their work also questioned the satisfactory agreement claimed to exist between the experiments and the theoretical model of Finlayson which has been generalized by them. Odenbach (7) investigated the convective flow generated by the interaction of a magnetic field gradient with a gradient in magnetization in a magnetic fluid. This gradient was caused by the diffusion of the magnetic particles in the field gradient. Aniss et al. (8) investigated the effect of a time-sinusoidal magnetic field on the onset of convection in a horizontal magnetic fluid layer heated from above. The Floquet theory is used to determine the convective threshold for free-free and rigid-rigid cases. The possibility to produce a competition between the harmonic and subharmonic modes at the onset of convection is discussed. Abraham (9) investigated the Rayleigh-Benard problem in a micropolar ferromagnetic fluid layer in the presence of a vertical uniform magnetic field analytically. It is shown that the micropolar ferromagnetic fluid layer heated from below is more stable as compared with the classical Newtonian ferromagnetic fluid. The effect of radiative heat transfer on ferroconvection has been studied by Maruthamanikandan (10) using the linear stability analysis. Consideration is given to two asymptotic cases, viz., transparent and opaque layers of fluid. The critical values marking the onset of convection are obtained using the Galerkin technique. Bajaj (11) considered thermosolutal convection in magnetic fluids in the presence of a vertical magnetic field and bifrequency vertical vibrations. The regions of parametric instability have been obtained using the Floquet theory. Ramanathan and Muchikel (12) investigated the effect of temperature-dependent viscosity on ferroconvective instability in a porous medium. It is found that the stationary mode of instability is


Four compounds of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid = H2CA) with organic and metal complex partners, [Hmel][CA]0.5·H2O (1), [Htptz][HCA]·H2O (2), [Fe(terpy)2][CA]·6H2O (3), and [TTF][CA]0.5[redH4CA]0.5 (4) (mel = melamine, tptz = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, terpy = 2,2',6',2' '-terpyridine, TTF = tetrathiafulvalene) are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For the obtained compounds, chloranilic acid shows various oxidation states and hydrogen bonding modes with multistage deprotonation processes. For compounds 1 and 3, chloranilic acid shows its complete deprotonated form (CA2-). For compound 2, the monodeprotonated form of chloranilic acid (HCA-) is observed. Interestingly, compound 4 shows a reduced form of protonated chloranilic acid (1,4-dichloro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxybenzene:  redH4CA).


(57) Abstract: substrate; for printing on (16 56), the print ribbon; storage spool for (13 53); and (11 51), a ribbon take-up spool; attaching the (12 52) group comprising a base (B, B '), wherein the storage spool through a printing station; from (11 51) the take-up spool; and the ribbon path toward the (12 52), the print head (15; 55) are present, in: (50 10), the device the substrate during the printing operation (16; 56) and the ribbon (13; 53) the printing head printing device that moves relative to the (15 55) (10; 50) There the base comprises a; (50 30), said shuttle (B B ') movable shuttle with respect to (30; 50) ribbon guide means having the; the ribbon around the (31, 32 65, 66) (13 ; 53) are associated Has a ribbon guide means that the print head movement; (50 30) (15; 55) and the ribbon (13; 53) and relative movement the base between the shuttle about (B B ') It is configured to be accomplished by.


Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) can be composed of a potentially large number of sensors, which monitor the traffic flowing in the network. Deciding where sensors should be placed and what information they need in order to detect the desired attacks can be a demanding task for network administrators, one that should be made as automatic as possible. This paper presents a logic-based model that is suitable for describing networks and intrusions. The model has been implemented in Prolog, and allows to analyze some important static properties of networks. In particular, it can be used to automatically determine, given a suitable formal definition of an attack, the location and/or the information needed by a NIDS sensor to detect the attack.


The analysis, which aims at the interpretation of the three theophanies from Exodus presents – from the metaphysical and epistemological points of view – three fundamental ideas. First, the idea of the absolute unknowability of the essence of God; second, the idea of the real difference between essence and energies in God's Being; and third, the idea of the real difference between the one essence, three persons (hypostases) and many uncreated divine energies (the powers or names) of God. One must say that the absolute unknowability of the essence of God means that God is forever the unknown God.


We introduce a space-time (ST) continuous phase modulation (CPM) and its companion noncoherent receiver. Through careful selection of an underlying differential code, the defining characteristics of the CPM transmissions are effectively maintained. Using a set of interference suppressed statistics and taking advantage of the ST differential encoding, the receiver first performs low complexity block detection. Channel estimates are then obtained at a rate notably higher than the CPM symbol rate, enabling a second-stage coherent sequence detector to refine the initial decisions. Simulation results for two CPM formats, with two and four transmit antennas, validate the proposed ST-CPM scheme.


Recently a number of institutions have begun sponsoring nondeficit science and/or technology learning experiences for parents and their middle school-aged children which are intended to be enriching rather than remedial or compensatory in purpose. Very little research documenting the effects of parental involvement in the education of older children has been reported, however.

The intent of this article was to present two studies designed to determine whether middle school-aged children's attitudes and content achievement are different when they take a technology course with their parents (parent-child treatment) or with their peers (child-child treatment). The first study focused on learning about communications technology (primarily telegraphs, telephones and radios); the second study focused on microcomputers.

Results indicate that parents have little affect in helping their children learn the subject matter of technology courses. Likewise, parents do not affect children's attitudes toward computers. Both results were attenuated by the fact that the students in the studies were high achievers who were interested in and motivated to learn the subject matter, regardless of treatment. Significant differences were noted for computer literacy favoring the parent-child group, however. Parents also seemed to effect children's attitudes toward the subject matter of the courses.

Further research needs to be done with less appealing course content or with less motivated students to fully determine the effect of parent-child and child groupings in science and technology courses.


Few studies in arctic Canada have combined research on both the physical marine environment and benthic invertebrates. This is the first detailed study of the oceanographic conditions and distribution of sediments and biota in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Igloolik Island, Nunavut. Oceanographic measurements (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity), and sediment and biological sampling were undertaken over two summers (1999, 2002). Intertidal zones are underlain by bedrock with a thin veneer of gravel with a very poorly sorted fine matrix and devoid of benthic invertebrates, due to harsh environmental conditions. Ninety-six benthic invertebrates species were identified in the subtidal zone of Turton Bay, a shallow embayment of Igloolik Island that opens to the south into Hooper Inlet. Oceanographic conditions were similar throughout Turton Bay. The shallow depth of Turton Bay (<25 m) and open fetch to the south means that the bay water is well mixed throughout during the ice-free period. Variations in species, abundances and densities result from local conditions and substrate characteristics. Subtidal areas with unconsolidated substrates have abundant and diversified benthic fauna, whereas those with consolidated substrates have more limited species dominated by epifauna. The greatest abundances and densities occur at the deepest sites with the finest sediments and deposit-feeding species. The shallow subtidal zone (<5 m) is characterized by a thin sandy surface veneer overlying bedrock. It is an extension of the intertidal zone and is much affected by ice action during break-up with reduced numbers of marine fauna. High densities of opportunistic and pollution tolerant species along transects in Turton Bay are explained by the outflow and seepage from the sewage lagoon and dumpsites proximal to these transects.


Asthma and allergic rhinitis are common health problems in communities around the world (1), and in respect of adolescents and young adults they will often be the most frequently encountered chronic conditions (2). This results in a substantial impact on society (3), in terms of suffering, use of healthcare services and socio-economic resources. International multidisciplinary action is coordinating to respond to this impact (4–6). As primary care is the preferred focus in responding to communities health needs (7), general practitioners (GP) and other professionals in the primary care setting have a key role to play in this response. Essential for the quality of the response is to organize knowledge, skills, technology and facilities as much as possible in primary care in local communities. This issue puts this theory into practice: it presents two guidelines – for allergic rhinitis (8) and asthma (9) – that review the international evidence (4, 5) and expertise in the context of primary care. This will help realize the objectives of the Global Alliance of Respiratory Diseases (GARD) (6), an international collaboration under the World Health Organization. The World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca) (10), in collaboration with the International Primary Care Respiratory Group (11) initiated this, but its true importance is in the interdisciplinary approach (6), directed to strengthen self-care whenever possible, ensure high quality professional support accessible in the community and organize specialist facilities as a back-up for those who need more intensive diagnosis and treatment. As these guidelines have the objective to strengthen primary care, it is important to specify the conditions under which general practice operates. As the point of first contact, a substantial part of the work of GPs is directed at diagnosis of undifferentiated symptoms. The evidence base of diagnostic reasoning is in general limited and as a consequence underrepresented in guidelines, and this is also true for allergic rhinitis (12) and asthma. The emphasis of guidelines is on therapeutic performance, but this should not distract us from the key importance of the diagnostic interpretation of signs and symptoms. On a yearly basis, a GP may diagnose more than 4000 different new episodes of illness, in response to patients presenting undifferentiated health problems, with the respiratory tract accountable for about 30% of these episodes (13, 14). As allergic rhinitis and asthma represent only a small part of all these episodes, it emphasizes again that guidelines focusing on these two diseases – relevant and appropriate as they are – will only be able to partly guide GPs performance. The diagnostic context of primary care is characterized by the fact that only a small part of the patients (about 10%) with health problems consult their GP – the iceberg of symptoms (15). For allergic rhinitis about the same proportions between experienced and presented symptoms have been found (12). Directly related to the diagnostic interpretation of signs and symptoms, is the clarification of why the patient is actually presenting: understanding the patient as much as the illness. There is a variation of patients reasons to consult and present C. van Weel Department of General Practice, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands


1. Nassenstein C, Kutschker J, Tumes D, Braun A. Neuro‐immune interaction in allergic asthma: role of neurotrophins. Biochem Soc Trans. 2006;34(Pt 4):591‐593. 2. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Bonini S, et al. Circulating nerve growth factor levels are increased in humans with allergic diseases and asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:10955‐10960. 3. Sacchetti M, Micera A, Lambiase A, et al. Tear levels of neuropeptides increase after specific allergen challenge in allergic conjunctivitis. Mol Vis. 2011;17:47‐52. 4. Virchow JC, Julius P, Lommatzsch M, Luttmann W, Renz H, Braun A. Neurotrophins are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen provocation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:2002‐2005. 5. Lambiase A, Bonini S, Bonini S, et al. Increased plasma levels of nerve growth factor in vernal keratoconjunctivitis and relationship to conjunctival mast cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:2127‐2132. 6. Sanico AM, Koliatsos VE, Stanisz AM, Bienenstock J, Togias A. Neural hyperresponsiveness and nerve growth factor in allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999;118(2–4):154‐158. 7. Raap U, Braunstahl GJ. The role of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;10:8‐13. 8. Freund-Michel V, Frossard N. The nerve growth factor and its receptors in airway inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;117:52‐76. 9. Glaab T, Hoymann HG, Hecht M, et al. Effect of anti‐nerve growth factor on early and late airway responses in allergic rats. Allergy. 2003;58:900‐904.


This paper examines the prospects for development of tertiary educational institutions in Melbourne western suburbs, namely, a new influential university of technology. While Ian Baker identifies the problems of higher education in Melbourne's west, his proposals for a new university of technology fall far short of solving them. For years educational administrators used an excuse that for some reason the workers do not need the same breadth and depth of education, denying Footscray a high school; then they denied it a fully autonomous technical college. Now the same excuse is being used to justify a narrow university of technology instead of the kind of fully fledged institution which has been established in Sydney, Brisbane and even Perth.


The rapid development of big data puts forward higher requirements on computational efficiency and storage capacity. But the traditional mining algorithms based on classical computing were unable to satisfy the demand of data analysis and computing. Because of quantum systems unique ability of hyper parallel computation and hyper acceleration, the large-scale computing and data storage can be solve well. Although the development of quantum computer has not yet achieved a qualitative leap, quantum computing in big data application has achieved lots of theoretical achievements. In this paper, we make quantum data mining as a starting point. Since we have no sufficient space to store candidate sets of association rules and have low computation ability in the processing of association rules, we propose a novel quantum method of data storage and retrieval for association rules mining based on Boolean matrix, we propose the algorithm called Q-Eclat can accelerate the computation of candidate sets support. According to our analysis based on open data source, the proposed method outperforms the classical Eclat algorithm in terms of storage capacity and computing ability


Objective To understand the genetic characteristics of Enterovirus 71 ( EVT1 ) circu-lating strains of Guangdong province in 2008. Methods We isolated an EV71 strain from the fatal case of the hand, foot and mouth disease during an epidemic of Guangdong in 2008. Its complete genome was se-quenced and analyzed comparatively. Results The results showed that the full length of EV71 GDFS-3 ge-nome( not including poly A tail ) is 7405 bp. No insertion or deletion is detected in the coding region. There are several insertions and deletions in 5'and 3'UTR. Phylogenetic analysis of GDFS-3 and reference strains showed GDFS-3 strain shares the highest nueleotide homology with TW984 strain(96.0% ) but low homology with SIN5865, MS and BrCr( about 81.0% ). GDFS-3 strain also shares the highest amino acid homology with TW984 strain(99.0% ). It clustered with reference strains of CA subgenotype in the phylogenetie tree. The nucleotide identity with CA reference strains is 91.0% -95.0%. Conclusion The phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genome demonstrates that GDFS-3 strain has the nearest genetic relationship with TW984 strains ( isolated in 2004). GDFS-3 may belong to the same subgenogroup ( CA ) with Taiwan predominant strains. Otherwise,Some mutations in 5'UTR of EV71 may play the very important role in heightened viru-lence.

Key words:
Hand,foot and mouth disease; Enterovirus 71 ; Sequencing; Homology analysis


Abstract Introduction: In this study, we present a case of directing persistent left superior vena cava drainage into the unroofed coronary sinus to the right atrium in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and coronary sinus orifice atresia without innominate vein. Case report: A 16-month-old boy diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot was admitted. Following intracardiac repair, the left superior vena cava was divided from the left atrial junction, passed through under the ascending aorta and anastomosed to the right superior vena cava. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first patient reported with persistent left superior vena cava, unroofed coronary sinus, coronary sinus orifice atresia, and tetralogy of Fallot. The extracardiac direct anastomosis technique was used successfully to direct persistent left superior vena cava to the right atrium without any post-procedure complications


It has been recently suggested that voltage‐gated KV7 channels (KV7.1‐KV7.5) regulate urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) function. Despite emerging developments, the physiological role of individual KV7 channel subtypes remains less clear. Here, we utilized the novel compound N‐(2,4,6‐Trimethylphenyl)‐bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2‐carboxamide (ML‐213), a potent activator of KV7.2, KV7.4, and KV7.5 channels, to elucidate their physiological roles in guinea pig UBSM function. Using isometric UBSM tension recordings, Ca2+ imaging, and amphotericin‐B perforated patch‐clamp electrophysiology, we elucidated the role of ML‐213‐sensitive KV7 channels in regulating UBSM excitability and contractility. In functional studies of UBSM contractility, ML‐213 concentration‐dependently (100 nM‐30 μM) inhibited spontaneous phasic, pharmacologically‐induced, and nerve‐evoked contractions in UBSM isolated strips. In UBSM strips loaded with the ratiometric fluorescence probe fura 2, ML‐213 (10 μM) decreased the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration and inhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients, which is consistent with the inhibitory effects on UBSM contractility. ML‐213‐induced attenuation of global Ca2+ levels was abolished in the presence of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine (1 μM) and the KV7.1–KV7.5 channel inhibitor XE991 (10 μM). These data suggests that ML‐213 decreases the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration by inhibiting L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels through an indirect mechanism downstream from KV7 channel activation. In current‐clamp mode of the perforated patch‐clamp technique, ML‐213 hyperpolarized the cell membrane potential and inhibited spontaneous action potentials in UBSM cells. ML‐213‐induced hyperpolarization of the UBSM cell membrane potential was reversible by washout of the compound. We next aimed to examine the effects of ML‐213 on voltage‐step depolarization‐induced whole cell KV7 currents using the perforated patch‐clamp technique in voltage‐clamp mode. To isolate KV7 currents, the extracellular bath solution contained the large conductance voltage‐ and Ca2+‐activated K+ channel inhibitor paxilline (1 μM) and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3, 100 μM), which blocks L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels and non‐selective cation channels. Under these experimental conditions, ML‐213 (10 μM) enhanced whole cell KV7 currents. These findings suggest that the modulation of K+ transport through ML‐213‐sensitive KV7 channels underlies ML‐213‐induced cell membrane hyperpolarization to decrease the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration and UBSM contractility. These combined results, using the novel compound ML‐213, suggest that KV7.2‐, KV7.4‐, and KV7.5‐containing channels are essential regulators of the excitability and contractility of UBSM by virtue of their control of the resting membrane potential. In addition, these studies provide a foundational basis for further studies investigating KV7 channel functional roles in human UBSM excitability and contractility to confirm their potential as novel therapeutic targets for bladder dysfunction.


Subject
 China's pension system.

 Significance
 The government on July 1 launched a scheme to redistribute pension funds from rich provinces with surpluses to poor ones with deficits. Pressure on the pension system is one result of rapid demographic ageing -- one of the most pressing issues facing China's government. The gap between pension contributions and benefits paid out could approach 100 billion dollars by 2020. Various reforms over the past few months aim to make pension schemes more sustainable.

 Impacts
 Private and commercial insurance, now encouraged by Beijing, will likely grow rapidly in the coming years.
 Insurance products and public pension funds investing in equities will contribute to the development of China's financial markets.
 The minimum benefits for the rural basic pension will rise, but enormous imbalances will persist between urban and rural residents.
 Although not currently open to foreign players, a huge market in private pensions could open in the future as the industry matures.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION The midaortic syndrome is a rare condition that mainly affects the abdominal aorta. It is characterised by narrowing the distal thoracic or abdominal aorta and its branches, known as 'abdominal aortic coarctation'. It can be congenital or acquired postnatally. In congenital coarctation, there is an incomplete fusion of the embryonic dorsal aorta. The male to female ratio is 3:1. The aetiology is unknown. Failure of defence mechanisms during early fetal life lead to infection and can interfere with cell growth and progression of the aorta. The most common site is inter renal, followed by suprarenal, infrarenal and diffuse. The collateral network will be formed from various branches from subclavian, superior mesenteric and axillary arteries connecting to the inferior mesenteric, lumbar, femoral arteries and the superior haemorrhoidal pathways. The typical presentation is a headache in the occipital region due to uncontrolled hypertension. Other symptoms include dizziness, palpitations, fatigability, epistaxis and blurred vision. The gravity


Monitoring the exhaled caron dioxide pressure, known as end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) has become the standard of care during anesthesia, intensive care units, and during cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, volumetric capnometry provides much more useful information other than the ETCO2.