NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has been in operation since August 1994, and serving a diverse user community around the world with Earth science data from satellites, aircraft, field campaigns and research investigations. The ESDIS Project, responsible for EOSDIS is a Network Member of the International Council for Sciences (ICSU) World Data System (WDS). Nine of the 12 Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), which are part of EOSDIS, are Regular Members of the ICSUWDS. This poster presents the EOSDIS mission objectives, key characteristics of the DAACs that make them world class Earth science data centers, successes, challenges and best practices of EOSDIS focusing on the years 2014-2016, and illustrates some highlights of accomplishments of EOSDIS. The highlights include: high customer satisfaction, growing archive and distribution volumes, exponential growth in number of products distributed to users around the world, unified metadata model and common metadata repository, flexibility provided to uses by supporting data transformations to suit their applications, near-real-time capabilities to support various operational and research applications, and full resolution image browse capabilities to help users select data of interest. The poster also illustrates how the ESDIS Project is actively involved in several US and international data system organizations.


Abstract If $B$ is the Blachke product with zeros $\{{{z}_{n}}\},\,\text{then}\,\left| {B}'\left( z \right) \right|\,\le \,{{\Psi }_{B}}\left( z \right)$ , where $${{\Psi }_{B}}\,=\,\sum\limits_{n}{\frac{1-{{\left| {{z}_{n}} \right|}^{2}}}{{{\left| 1-{{\overline{z}}_{n}}z \right|}^{2}}}.}$$ Moreover, it is a well-known fact that, for $0\,<\,p\,<\,\infty $ , $${{M}_{p\left( r,{B}' \right)}}\,=\,{{\left( \frac{1}{2\pi }\,\int_{0}^{2\pi }{{{\left| {B}'\left( \text{r}{{\text{e}}^{i\theta }} \right) \right|}^{p}}d\theta } \right)}^{{1}/{p}\;}},\,0\,\le \,r\,<\,1,$$ is bounded if and only if ${{M}_{p}}\left( r,\,{{\Psi }_{B}} \right)$ is bounded. We find a Blaschke product ${{B}_{0}}$ such that ${{M}_{p}}\left( r,\,{{{{B}'}}_{0}} \right)$ and ${{M}_{p}}\left( r,{{\Psi }_{{{B}_{0}}}} \right)$ are not comparable for any $\frac{1}{2}\,<\,p\,<\,\infty $ . In addition, it is shown that, if $0\,<\,p\,<\,\infty$ , $B$ is a Carleson-Newman Blaschke product and a weight $\omega $ satisfies a certain regularity condition, then $${{\int }_{\mathbb{D}}}{{\left| {B}'\left( z \right) \right|}^{p}}\omega \left( z \right)dA\left( z \right)~\asymp {{\int }_{\mathbb{D}}}{{\Psi }_{B}}{{\left( z \right)}^{p}}\omega \left( z \right)dA\left( z \right),$$ where $d\,A\left( z \right)$ is the Lebesgue area measure on the unit disc.


Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) can produce novel three-dimensional structures using low-loss dielectric materials. This enables the construction of dielectrics with complex shapes that enable innovative microwave applications such as resonators, filters, and metamaterial lenses. This paper addresses the production and characterization of cellular structures of various designed densities created with a low loss ceramic material, alumina (aluminum oxide), via vat photopolymerization. The permittivity of these printed structures is variable over roughly an octave, with a range of relative permittivites from 1.78 to 3.60, controlled via part geometry.


In this paper, a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet machine is analyzed. T-type stator core, salient pole rotor, and squirrel-cage-type PM rotor are proposed in this machine. The T-type SMC stator core provides axial-radial flux path with specially designed twisted-winding. The salient pole rotor is part of the radial flux path, providing asynchronous torque and synchronous reluctance torque. The squirrel-cage-type PM rotor is part of the axial flux path, providing synchronous torque and asynchronous starting torque. 3D finite element model is built and simulation work proceeds. No-load, full-load, magnetic field distribution, etc. are analyzed. A prototype is fabricated to verify the idea.


A statistical analysis and hypothesis testing was carried out on the randomly selected samples from experimental results of  the 'XRF' analysis and sequential extraction of soils contaminated with lead using lead nitrate of known amount. Looking at our previous experimental results, we found that the concentration of the solid contaminated samples: OL S 1-2, & OL S 3-2 ( 2,080.26, & 2,080.41mg/kg) respectively in that order are very close to the concentration of lead also obtained using the 'XRF' analysis for the liquid solutions obtained from the sequential extraction procedures of soil samples: 'OL S 1-2, & 32 as ( 2,110mg/kg, & 2,090mg/kg) respectively in that order. An hypothesis testing was conducted within the underlying assumptions based on the null hypothesis and our claim for equal means.  The p-value found was greater than the α-value, and also corroborating this fact, the t-statistics calculated absolute value is less than the critical value at the 5% significant level  as presented and shown in our table of results.  We can quite well agree from our previous results findings, and corroborated by the findings of the statistical testing, we can confident agree the results from the 'XRF' are reliable enough, without any need to do the sequential extraction for obtaining the concentrations.


The chemical composition, anti-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) activity and antimicrobial activity of Artemisia dubia essential oil were evaluated in this study. Fifty eight compounds from A. dubia essential oil were identified through analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the oil were camphor (17.18 %), germacrene-D (15.70%), trans (β-) racaryophyllene (6.79%), ene thujones (6.57%), 1, 8-cineole (5.94%) and camphene (5.08%). The essential oil was evaluated for antiviral activity against PEDV in Vero cells using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. The oils actively inhibited PEDV replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 43.7 μ /mL. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the oils was over 100 μ/mL and the derived therapeutic index was >2.3. Similar analysis of the ribavirin revealed that they have a relatively weaker efficacy when compared to the oils. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against 5 microorganisms was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against 5 tested microorganisms with a clear zone of 8-22 mm. Among the tested microorganisms, Streptococcus pyogenes was the most sensitive and Candida albicans the least. Therefore, in can be concluded that essential oils of A. dubia may have interesting applications for microbial control or the control of PEDV-derived diseases.


Scientists found that half of the cosmic background radiation from the Big Bang is in the THz part of the spectrum,This fact seems unbelievable but it is the nature.It shows how much science involved in the THz frequency regime.The unique characteristics and great technological potential in physics,chemistry,biomedical engineering,astronomy,materials science and environment engineering of THz are presented in this paper,and the recent development of THz ST is introduced.The rapid progresses and the urgent need result in the combination and mergence of the related basic research,development and the industrial applications of the THz ST.


Fault location in parallel transmission lines with availability of complete measurements from one end of the lines is considered. Generalised models of fault loops and faults are used for formulation of the fault location algorithm. The derived algorithm has a very simple first-order formula and does not require knowledge of impedances of the equivalent systems behind the line terminals as well as use of pre-fault measurements. Application of the fault location algorithm to impedance measurement of the adaptive distance protection is considered. An issue of improving the fault location accuracy by compensating for shunt capacitances of the lines is addressed. Results of the evaluation with use of ATP-EMTP simulations are reported and discussed.


abstract We investigated the tolerance to flooding in reducing conditions of five maize inbred lines and identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the trait. Flooding treatment with 0.1% to 0.4% starch solution for 14 d reduced soil redox potential to about – 200 mV, mimicking reducing conditions in soil. Treatment with 0.2% starch revealed wide varietal differences in dry matter production among the five maize inbred lines. We identified the QTL for flooding tolerance in reducing conditions in a population of 178 F2 plants derived from a cross of inbred lines F1649 (tolerant) and H84 (sensitive). Flooding tolerance, evaluated as the degree of leaf injury following treatment with 0.2% starch solution, revealed wide variation in the F2 population. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to flooding tolerance gene(s) were screened with 64 AFLP primer combinations using 15 of the 178 F2 plants from each extreme representing the 'tolerant' and 'sensitive' plants, and found 11 AFLP markers associated with flooding tolerance. Of these, 10 co-segregated and were assigned to chromosome 1. Six SSR primer pairs around these markers were used to construct a linkage map. Composite interval mapping analysis revealed that a single QTL for degree of leaf injury was located on chromosome 1 (bin 1.03-4). Another QTL for flooding tolerance, evaluated as dry matter production under flooding with 0.2% starch, was located at the same position. These results suggest the potential to increase productivity by transferring flooding tolerance genes from F1649 to elite maize inbred lines.


This paper studies a manufacturer's product line and channel structure decisions when downstream channel(s) using holdback pricing strategy. Products have two quality levels: high quality and low quality, and the manufacturer has five product-channel strategies: (1) Duopoly channel with high quality products ( DH ); (2) Duopoly channel with low quality products ( DL ); (3) Duopoly channel with mixed quality products ( DM ); (4) Monopoly channel with high quality products ( MH ); (5) Monopoly channel with low quality products ( ML ). The product-channel is designed by making technology adoption and resource allocation decisions for the products. We characterize equilibrium quantity-pricing decisions of two channels and the optimal resource allocation decisions. We find that profit gap of different technology adoption strategies increases as market size raises. Product-channel strategy is influenced by the distribution of potential market demand to a large extent.


&dquo; There is a chasm of ignorance concerning the activated sludge process,&dquo; and the writers of the present paper during the past two years have been clinging insecurely to the sides of this chasm, striving to cut steps by which they may climb to a higher level of knowledge. That these steps may provide a welcome foothold to other investigators is the prime reason for this paper. Although many trained workers and thousands of pounds have been devoted to research work on large or small scale plants, very little real progress has been made towards an understanding of the theory or of the mechanism of the process since the original papers of Ardern and Lockett were published ; the result has been rather an accumulation of empirical working details than discovery of the principles involved.


In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, China's industrial demand for advanced equipment is increasing. As the main equipment of material forming, hydraulic press is widely used. In this paper, the working principle of the hydraulic system of high pressure and large flow hydraulic press is analyzed in detail, and the common fault phenomenon of the system is analyzed and the concrete improvement measures are put forward, which is of great significance to reduce and avoid the hydraulic fault and contribute to the better and more stable operation of the system.


Surveys of the extragalactic X-ray sky based on data obtained from the Uhuru and Ariel V satellites are considered. The X-ray luminosity function of clusters is discussed the total density of X-ray clusters is found to approach that of all Abell clusters at a luminosity of 10 to the 43rd ergs/sec. It is concluded that for cluster X-ray sources, the bulk of the X-rays below about 10 keV result from thermal bremsstrahlung, predominantly from the cores of the clusters the mass of gas in the core is only a few percent of the total core binding mass, and the X-ray data are consistent with an iron abundance in the hot gas which is about half the cosmic value. Attention is also given to the structure of the nearby rich clusters Perseus, Virgo and Coma, to variability in Seyfert X-radiation and to high-excitation narrow emission line galaxies.


Gravity's quantum nature can be probed in a laboratory by witnessing the entanglement between the two quantum systems, which cannot be possible if gravity is a classical entity. In this paper, we will provide a simple example where we can probe the effects of higher dimensions, in particular, the warped extra dimension of five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime ($\rm AdS_5$). We assume that the two quantum harmonic oscillators are kept at a distance $d$ on a 3-brane (our 4D world) embedded in $\rm AdS_5$, while gravity can propagate in all five dimensions. We will compute the effective potential due to the massless and massive gravitons propagating in the warped geometry. We will compute the entanglement between position and momentum states for both static and non-static cases. The entanglement enhances compared to the four-dimensional massless graviton, and it depends now on the $\rm AdS_5$ radius. We will also show that if we would prepare non-Gaussian superposition states, e.g. spatial superposition of masses of order $10^{-14}-10^{-15}$kg with a superposition size of ${\cal O}(20)$ micron, we can yield larger concurrence of order ${\cal O}(0.1)$.


The invention provides a rolling wheel regulating structure for a furniture sliding door. The rolling wheel regulating structure comprises a rolling wheel regulating device, wherein the rolling wheel regulating device comprises a fixing frame, a pushing and moving element and a rolling wheel, wherein the rolling wheel is in positioning rotation on the pushing and moving element; the pushing and moving element is in position limiting sliding on the fixing frame; a regulating element is arranged between the fixing frame and the pushing and moving element; one end of the regulating element acts on the pushing and moving element, and the other end of the regulating element acts on the fixing frame; an acting part and a spiral part are arranged on the regulating element; a grid part is arranged on the pushing and moving element; the regulating element acts on the grid part of the pushing and moving element through the spiral part, and a tool acts on the acting part, so that the pushing and moving element moves relative to the fixing frame, and the relative positions between the rolling wheel and the fixing frame are regulated. The rolling wheel regulating structure has the characteristics that the structure is simple and reasonable, the performance is reliable, the regulation is fast, the operation is convenient, the positioning is accurate, the carrying capacity is strong, the opening and closing process is stable, the smoothness is realized, in addition, the action force is small, and the like. The practicability is high.


This paper presents a parallel implementation and performance analysis of a system for traffic sign recognition with digital map fusion on emerging multicore processors and graphics processing units (GPU). The system employs a particle filter based localization and map matching and template-based matching for sign recognition. In the proposed system, a GPS, odometer and camera are fused with digital map information. The system utilizes the depth sensor of a Kinect camera for the detection of signs and achieves high recognition rates for both day and night conditions. Tests were performed on real data captured in the vehicle environment comprising various road and lighting conditions. Test results show that speed increases of up to 75 times for localization and 35 times for sign recognition can be achieved on parallel GPU implementation over sequential counterparts. As those speedups comply with real-time performance requirements, high computational cost of using map topology information with large number of particles in localization implementation and template based matching for sign recognition is proven to be handled by emerging technologies. The system is unique since it is not limited to certain sign types; it can be used in both day and night conditions and utilizes a Kinect sensor to achieve a good price/performance.


This paper describes development of a stand for testing pulse wave sensors of the "Helbe" device at the production stage. The objective of the stand is minimization of large batches of sensors testing time, minimization of human factor and increase the quality of testing. Piezoelectric transducers are used in "Healbe" devices for the heart rate determination. Consequently, the stand should exert a mechanical pressure on the piezoelectric transducer during the operation. The basic principle of the stand is a comparison between the test signal applied to the sensor with signal received from the sensor. The development includes 3 stages. The first stage is the pulse wave propagation modeling through the provision of a mechanical pressure on the piezoelectric transducers. The second stage is developing the test signal supplied to the sensor using PWM. The third stage is the software development to determine suitability of sensor and design of the display system.


This genus is distributed in Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions. The geographical distribution comprises the old world subtropics and tropics, including the Afrotropical Region from the cape, all over southern Africa except the Kalahari desert, in Eastern and Central Africa, except for the humid tropics around the equator, NEW LEAF-BEETLE SPECIES OF ACOLASTUS GERSTAECKER, 1855 (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CRYPTOCEPHALINAE) FROM IRAN AND NOTES ON CLOSE SPECIES


We describe a left‐handed patient with transient aphasia and bilateral carotid stenosis. Computed tomography (CT) arteriography showed a 90% stenosis of the right and 30% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery. Head CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed no recent ischemic changes. As only the symptomatic side would require surgical intervention, and because hemispheric dominance for language in left‐handed patients may be either left or right sided, a preoperative assessment of hemispheric dominance was required.


Objectives  In a low incidence area for tuberculosis (TB), a computerized database identified an unusually high proportion of patients coming from one single country between 2004 and 2006. To determine whether they constituted a cluster, whether clustering was due to recent transmission, and to understand what undermined the efficacy of the contact tracing procedure, we conducted a retrospective study of all patients with TB from this country.


Objective
To evaluate the effects of bladder irrigation on urinary tract infection (UTI) of patients with long-term indwelling catheter, and to provide a reference for identifying whether to provide long-term indwelling catheter and frequency of bladder irrigation.

Methods
Randomized controlled trail (RCT) data about the effects of bladder irrigation on UTI of patients with long-term indwelling catheter from October 1975 to September 2016 in CNKI, CBM, Pubmed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were retrieved on the computer, and then analyzed with RevMan 5.3.

Results
Totally 9 RCTs were taken into consideration, involving 1 722 patients. According to the meta-analysis, bladder irrigation could reduce UTI incidence, and twice a week of irrigation brought the best effect, compared with twice a day and once a day.

Conclusions
Bladder irrigation can reduce UTI incidence, but needs a proper frequency.

Key words:
Bladder irrigation; Long-term indwelling catheter; Urinary tract infection; Systematic analysis


The long running saga of the income tax consequences for lease incentives came to a head in Montgomery v FCT with the Full Court of the High Court allowing (4:3) the Commissioner's appeal against the decision of the Full Federal Court. The High Court decided that a lease incentive payment of almost $30 million made to a Melbourne law firm to relocate its premises constituted income. This significant judgement concerned the core ordinary income provision, s 25(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, ('the ITA Act 1936'), now s. 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ('the ITA Act 1997'). In reaching their decision the majority relied on a United States Supreme Court case, Eisner v Macomber. In doing so, the High Court appears to have marginally broadened the ordinary income concept. Although the application of Eisner is not without its difficulties. Notably the High Court further clarified the operation of the doctrine expounded in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Myer Emporium. Also, this decision highlights structural deficiencies in both the income and deductions provisions of the 1936 & 1997 ITA Acts.


Objective:To summarize the experience of giving the liquid drugs and high nutritious to the patients with heavy craniocerebral trauma through long time vena transfusion,and to research for available methods of defending relativity infection of vessel.Method:137 cases patients with coma because of heavy craniocerebral trauma were divided into two groups randomly,the research group(n=69) were set up vein routeway through subcutaneous tunnel of femoral vein puncture,but the control group(n=68) were set up vein routeway through traditional femoral vein puncture,and the puncture place was bartered drug and done germiculture one time every week.The blood and catheter were done germiculture if the patients got fever or drew vein catheter.Two groups were supplied high nutriment through vein routeway.The complication of catheter block,shedding and relative infection and the time of remaining the catheter was observed.Result:The remaining catheter time of research group was longer than that of the control group,and the complication of catheter shedding,relative infection and the puncture place infection of research group were less than that of the control group,and the difference was very remarkable(P0.05 or 0.01).But incidence rate of catheter blocking of two group was of no difference (P0.05).Conclusion:The method can efficiently reduce the incidence rate of catheter relative infection and extend the remaining catheter time that is set up vein routeway through subcutaneous tunnel of femoral vein puncture.So it adapts to the patients for the transfuse passage long term keeping.


Climatic condition around the plant greatly affected by differ plant density, since the high plant density could increase relative humidity around the plants and increase the smut incidence in maize plants. The present study reported that, increasing plant density from 20.000 to 30.000 plants/fed. Significantly decreased the yield, ear length and increased percent of infection by the disease .In the reverse, the disease index was increased by decreasing plant density. The optimum plant density which gave the highest yield, the longest ear and moderately infection by the smut disease was 20.000 plants /fed. Moreover, the single crosses 107, bashaier –13 gave the lowest rate of infection percent and disease index comparing with other tested caultivars. The open pollinated variety G-2 and Bush gave the highest rate of susceptibility infection percent and disease index. The results revealed that resistant to common smut deferred significantly from one year to another, meanwhile the disease index not varied in the two years.


In this paper a general xed point theorem for pairs of non weakly compatible pairs of mappings in G - metric spaces is proved. In the case of a single mapping some results from (2), (3), (11), (13), (17), (30) are obtained.


In the article the authors have pointed out the need to establish institutional centers for storage and digital data curation.  The amount of data increases with the development of science, therefore there is a need to protect both raw data resulting from big and small scientific research, as well as resources from repositories and digital libraries. The authors discuss the concepts of digital curation and data management by digital curators coming from the library world.


Applying scopolamine and ischemia\|reperfustion to establish murine models for Alzheimer's disease(AD) and vascular dementia(VD),respectively,might help explicate the formula mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San(DSS).In comparison with the normal group,step\|through latency taken by mice injured with scopolamine got shortened( P0.01 ),step\|through and step\|down number of errors increased ( P0.05~0.01 );Both drugs used to promote blood circulation and nourish the blood (DCS) and drugs used to nourish the spleen and disperse the pathogenic damp (FBZ) in DSS at low dosage,made step\|through latency longer ( P0.05 ),decreased obviously step\|through and step\|down number of errors ( P0.05~0.01 ).If DCS and FBZ were in combination with each other,their cooperative melioration would be furthered;Compared with the sham operational group,step\|through latency taken by ICR mice injured with ischemia\|reperfusion got shortened( P0.01 ),step\|through number of errors increased ( P0.01 ),However,it was FBZ other than DCS that could at high dosage elongate step\|through latency ( P0.05 ),decrease obviously step\|through number of errors ( P0.01 ),antagonize selectively the memory impairment of ICR mice induced by ischemia\|reperfusion,those discovery maybe indicated that to nourish the spleen and disperse the pathogenic damp played a more important role in the prevention and treatment of senile dementia than to promote blood circulation and nourish the blood.


[Purpose] To clarify the longitudinal influence by gender on satisfaction with learning and school life of physical therapy students for three years from sophomore to senior undergraduate. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 56 male and 42 female physical therapy students who graduated from the International University of Health and Welfare in March 2017 and agreed to cooperate with this survey. Satisfaction levels were longitudinally assessed at the end of the sophomore, junior and senior year using a visual analog scale. [Results] The satisfaction with learning significantly increased before graduation in both genders. The satisfaction with school life had high scores for three years, continuously, so no significant change was observed. Before graduation, females showed a higher relationship between learning and school life satisfactions. [Conclusion] For the three years before graduation, satisfaction with learning increased and high satisfaction with school life was maintained. Satisfaction with learning and school life showed different characteristics.


A central debate in the South African policy sphere today is whether current South African housing program risks repeating the mistakes of apartheid, housing thousands of poor people in areas disconnected from jobs and services. This paper provides the set of first estimates of the effect of RDP housing on property prices in Cape Town, South Africa. The findings reveal that despite an average negative effect, public housing investments in the poorer areas raise the value of housing assets in those neighborhoods. In contrast, public housing in better off areas reduced property prices. Given the path dependence of housing structures and neighborhood composition, there may be need to rethink the policy narrative from one focusing on the location of housing to the provision of complementary investments in neighborhood amenities to develop employment sub centres. This will help in generating agglomeration economies and reduce commuting times.


The Qing Dynasty Astronomical Bureau(Qintian Jian)was the institution,which was responsible for the science of the Heavens and both scientific functions and nonscientific functions.Owing to its unique duty,Qintian Jian's management was different from other bureaus.The paper analyzed the situation of study of the Heavens science and pointed out the inevitable result of the developing circumstance and made a thorough inquiry the routine work management.When comparing Qintian Jian with the Ming Dynasty Astronomical bureau,the author also discussed the management of officers who served in Qing Dynasty Qintian Jinan.


A meta-analytic review of age-discrimination research from laboratory and field settings spanning the years 1963 to 1998 revealed a significant, yet modest overall effect size with younger applicants and workers evaluated more positively than older applicants and workers. The present predictions and findings were compared and contrasted with those from previous meta-analytic investigations by Kite and Johnson (1988) and by Finkelstein, Burke, and Raju (1995). A number of significant moderational relationships were revealed, including negative linear relationships between the relative generalizability of the research (in terms of participants, setting, and stimulus materials) and effect size. A significant negative relationship was also found between the publication year of a study and effect size. In addition, the type of design used (between-subjects vs. within-subject) and the specific type of dependent measures used to evaluate applicants and workers (e.g., potential for development, interpersonal skills, worker reliability and stability) were found to significantly moderate effect size. These results, along with suggestions for future investigations, are discussed.A


The effect of light intensity and carbon flux on the production of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin, as well as their ratios in the batch culture of Porphyridium purpureum, has been studied. It is shown that with an increase in light intensity (by 2 times) and air supply speed (by 2 times), the value of maximum productivity increases by almost 2 times, the concentration of chl a – by 1.8 times, and B-PE – by 1.6 times. The content of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin in all experimental variants on the 3rd – 4th day of the experiment (the beginning of the linear growth phase) reached the maximum value. With light limiting, the content of chl a and B-PE in the biomass does not change, however, with high light intensity, a decrease is observed in the linear growth phase. The ratio of B-PE/chl a with different light and carbon support in the experiment practically does not change and averages 12.8.


It is the purpose of this article to contribute to the dialogue between religion and morality by examining the Christian conception of forgiveness of sin (an aspect of the doctrine of justification) as interpreted by individauls at each of Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The thesis of this article is that justification is a developmental process as well as a un [temporal event in the individual's life. At each higher stage of moral development one becomes increasingly aware of the scope of sin. In order to accommodate this growing realization, individuals at different stages of moral development turn to different ways of interpreting the doctrine of justification. However, it is maintained that only at Stage 7 docs one come to full understanding of one's inability to achieve forgiveness by one's own deeds and thus turn to God in a posture of faith alone, realizing that such forgiveness can come solely from him.


Noise is usually thought of as the enemy of order rather as a constructive influence. For the phenomena of Stochastic Resonance [1] and Brownian motors [2], however, stochastic noise can play a beneficial role in enhancing detection and/or facilitating directed transmission of information in absence of biasing forces. Brownian motion assisted Stochastic Resonance finds useful applications in physical, technological, biological and biomedical contexts [1,3]. The basic principles that underpin Stochastic Resonance are elucidated and novel applications for nonlinear classical and quantum systems will be addressed. The presence of non-equilibrium disturbances enables to rectify Brownian motion so that quantum and classical objects can be directed around on a priori designed routes in biological and physical systems (Brownian motors). In doing so, the energy from the haphazard motion of (quantum) Brownian particles is extracted to perform useful work against an external load. This very concept together with first experimental realizations are discussed [2,4,5].


The paper focuses on distribution and correlation of semantic features distinguished within scope of predication analysis, viz. causative, agentive, inchoative, egressive, continuative, and stative features. Causative possessive constructions are taken to be basic while the other ones are derived from them by omission of appropriate semantic features. The structure of causative possessive sentences is described in terms of componential analysis.


In the coal preparation plant, the run of mine coal undergoes a series of operations, including washing, wet screening, sedimentation and dewatering. The process requires the circulation of large volumes of water from which large volumes of waste water containing a variety of solid particles are generated. Clarification of the tailing water is often carried out in a thickener by adding suitable polymeric flocculants. The main objective of the clarification is to obtain clear water with a low turbidity value. It is important to produce good quality recirculation water for the smooth operation of the plant, otherwise the presence of suspended and dissolved solids in the wastewater can lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the washing process. Waste waters produced from coal preparation plants contain high percentages of ultrafine particles and inorganic impurities, which are composed of clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite, muscovite, quartz, and coal particles. The natural sedimentation rate of these particles present in colloidal and finely divided suspended form is very slow. Flocculation technology is applied in most coal preparation plants to recover water from the tailings of coal washing operations. The flocculation is accomplished through the use of inorganic salts, polymeric flocculants or both, depending on the chemical and physical characteristics of the pollutants present in suspended and dissolved states1. Synthetic or natural polymeric reagents are generally used as flocculating agents in most coal preparation plants. Synthetic polymers are comparable to natural polymers due to their use in small quantities for the separation of solids from liquids. In order to achieve the faster settling rate, the optimization of process parameters such as suspension pH, polymer type and dosage are very important to achieve the desired settling rate and the water clarity values. Various flocculant combinations, viz. cationic, anionic, non-ionic have been used to achieve the highest settling rate with lowest turbidity2–4. In this investigation, the clarification of waste water was carried out by the incorporation of a suitable reagent together with fine magnetic material known as magnetic carrier technology. Magnetic carrier technology is an innovative way of selectively manipulating fine particles in suspensions by coating them with a magnetic species. It utilizes the physical, chemical and surface properties of a magnetic carrier to enable selective attachment with the desired particles. The selective increase in floc formation and faster settling rates with magnetic response of the particles are achieved by incorporating a strongly magnetic phase. The negatively charged impurities such as clay, bacteria, viruses and colour present in Settling characteristics of coal washery tailings using synthetic polyelectrolytes with fine magnetite


Jiaodong Peninsula is the largest gold province in China,the proven gold reserve in northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula occupies 90% of that of Jiaodong Peninsula. Zhaoping fault belt is the largest fault belt in northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula. Taishang gold deposit is an important Jiaojia-type gold deposit in the northern part of Zhaoping fault belt. The orebodies are controlled by Potouqing fault and its secondary faults. Alteration type includes potash-feldspathization,sericitization,silication and carbonatation.Mineralization includes fractured belt-alteration rock type and vein type,pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena and sphalerite are the most common metallic minerals. According to the characteristics of alteration and mineralization in the field,hand specimen,petrography and ore microscopy observation,the mineralization stages are divided into the pyrite-quartz-sericite stage( Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite stage( Ⅱ),the quartz-polysulfide stage( Ⅲ) and the quartz-carbonate stage( Ⅳ). We collect samples of fractured belt-alteration rock type and vein-type at different levels,and divide these samples into different mineralization stages. With the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),trace element and rare earth element of the pyrites in the samples are tested to inflect characteristics of ore fluids evolution. Compared to CI chondrite,LREE is more enriched than HREE in pyrites,Hf / Sm,Nb / La and Th / La are all less than 1,which indicates Cl-was enriched in the ore fluids while F-was lacking. Compared to continental crust,thiophil elements including Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb and iron group elements including Co,Ni were enriched in ore fluid. In each stage,pyrites show a weak Ce anomaly( δCe ranges from 0. 86 to 1. 03),which indicates a reducing condition during the mineralization process. Eu2 +is apt to stay in the high temperature condition which leads to the normal anomaly,while Eu in the pyrite shows a negative anomaly. During the Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage,δEu ranges from 0. 26 to 1. 06,in some special cases,δEu is larger than 1,during theⅢ and Ⅳ stage,δEu ranges from 0. 45 to 0. 61,concentrating around 0. 5,which indicates that during the former two mineralization stages,temperature of ore fluid was low with high-temperature hydrothermal fluids entering,during the latter two mineralization stages,temperature of ore fluid was low. Y / Ho,Zr / Hf and Nb / Ta are stable in the stable hydrothermal systems,the wide range of Y / Ho,Zr /Hf and Nb / Ta of pyrites in Taishang gold deposit indicates the ore fluid changed when external hydrothermal fluids entered or reacting with the wallrocks. Y / Ho range of the pyrites overlaps with that of eastern China crust mostly,which indicates the ore fluid was closely related to the crust.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the algorithms and structures which can be used in connection with l - lag FIR filtering. A number of existing efficient algorithms from the zero - lag problem are generalized here, to be applied to the l - lag case. Both direct and lattice - ladder structures are considered. Four different families of techniques are discussed: time recursive, order recursive, lattice - ladder and "recursive in lag". The unified approach used in this paper for the derivation of the algorithms permits the underlining of the relationships among the variables appearing in the four families of recursive schemes discussed. The "prewindowing" assumption is used throughout.


This thesis is on the researching of recognizing the roads in map image by computer. Based on the theory of pattern recognition, there is a method to be discussed, which can recognize and classify the different elements of map by color.


InGaAs tunnel injection nanostructures consisting of a single quantum well as injector and a quantum dot layer as emitter are studied by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The quantum dot photoluminescence undergoes substantial changes when proceeding from direct quantum dot excitation to quantum well excitation, which causes an indirect population of the dot ground states. This results in a lowered effective carrier temperature within the dots. Results on the carrier transfer versus barrier thickness are discussed within the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation. Deviations for barrier thicknesses <5nm are assigned to the formation of nanobridges that are actually detected by transmission electron microscopy.


Infrastructure development is one of important aspects in achieving high economic growth of all regions in Indonesia. On the other hand, portion of capital expenditure in the budget of Local Government spending a very important component for the realization of capital expenditure undertaken local governments will have a multiplier effect to drive the regional economy. Therefore, the higher the ratio of capital spending in the budget structure, is expected to be the better its impact on economic growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of Local Independence (Local Own Source Revenue/PAD), General Purpose Grant DAU, Specific Purpose Grant (DAK), Shared Fund (DBH), Personnel Expenditures, and Surplus of Budget Financing (Silpa) in allocating of capital expenditures. Population of this research is the local goverment in Indonesia with year study period from 2011 to 2013. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect between variables. The result of this study shows that empirical evidence that Specific Purpose Grant and Surplus of Budget Financing has positive effects to capital expenditure. While the Local Own Source Revenue General Purpose Grant, Shared Fund, and personnel expenditures also holds negative effects to capital expendicture.


We compute the polarization of the Lyα photons emerging from an anisotropically expanding and optically thick medium, which is expected to operate in many Lyα-emitting primeval objects, including damped Lyα absorbers and Lyman break galaxies. In the case of a highly optically thick medium, the escape of resonance-line photons is achieved by a large number of local resonant scatterings followed by a small number of damping-wing scatterings. We show that some polarization can develop because wing scatterings are coupled with strong spatial diffusion that depends on the scattering geometry and kinematics. The case of a slab with a finite scattering optical depth and an expansion velocity of ~100 km s-1 is investigated. When the typical scattering optical depth τ≳104, it is found that the emergent Lyα photons are linearly polarized with a degree of polarization up to 0.1 in the direction perpendicular to the slab plane. We subsequently investigate the polarization of the Lyα photons emerging from a hemispherical shell obscured partially by an opaque component, and we obtain ~5% of the polarization. We propose that the polarimetry of Lyα emission may provide important clues to the geometrical and kinematical structures of the H I shells in primeval galaxies and nearby starburst galaxies.


educational system than the Moslems and (2) the realization of the dire need for greatly improving the literacy rate of the masses (which was approximately 15 percent) for the successful establishment and perpetuation of a democratic form of government. In Pakistan, a person who aspires to become a qualified teacher must take his professional training in an institution which is separate and apart from that in which he undertakes his academic study. The professional training offered in the teacher training institutions consists of two distinct phases-theoretical and practical. The practical training (student teaching) is especially interesting to a person in the field of teacher education in the United States. A brief description of the over-all structure of the educa-


A growing body of research on distributed leadership shows that it effectively improves school effectiveness in developed economies. However, due to centralized education systems, the full benefits of distributed school leadership have not been fully appropriated in developing economies. This study investigates the realities of distributed leadership practices as applicable in selected Nigerian secondary schools. Lensed with Distributed Leadership Theory, the study is located in the qualitative strand of the interpretivist paradigm. In a case study research design, a combination of purposeful and snowballing sampling techniques was adopted in selecting twelve participants comprising three school administrators and nine classroom teachers who participated in semi-structured interviews. The results show that distributed leadership is perceived and practised as delegation and distribution of roles by the superordinate to the subordinate in a manner inconsistent with the principles of distributed leadership theory. It was also revealed that teachers with no formal portfolio were assigned leadership responsibilities. Lastly, the findings showed that participants acknowledged the existence of the School Management Team in their school. Still, most are unaware of their roles in school leadership and how they impacted their jobs. Recommendations were made based on the findings.

Received: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 17 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2023


We have made researches on the internal partial discharge degradation phenomena of dielectric materials. In this paper, we investigate that the restrain effect of partial discharge spreading on the insulator surface by scratch or dielectric barriers. We prepared a few types of specimen for experiment to study the restrain effect of partial discharges on insulator. The 1 mm thick and 50 times 50 mm square plates made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used for the experiments. One specimen had a scratch on the surface of PMMA. Another specimen had a couple of parallel polyimide tapes in the one side of the surface for the dielectric barriers. Each tape was pasted horizontally around center of the specimen and the interval of tapes was about 5 to 20 mm. From the experimental results, following conclusions were obtained. The dielectric barriers restrain the spreading of partial discharge on insulators surface. However, the restrain effects of barriers were weakened if the irradiating position of PD close to the dielectric barriers.


ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in September 2014 in the coastal of Darul Aman Village Rupat District Bengkalis Regency. The Mudskipper (Periopthalmus variabilis Eggert) is one kind of fish are known to occupy beaches lined by mangroves. Mudskipper Fish has a bright prospect in the marine biotechnology industry such as food and pharmaceuticals. This study determined the density and reproductive aspects that include sex ratio, the level of gonad maturity, fecundity and diameter eggs located in the coastal of Darul Aman Village Rupat. The method used in this study is a survey method and made three square plots measuring 30 x 20 m2, for analysis in the laboratory using surgical methods, issued gonads and observe the gonads. The result show that the density of Mudskipper fish was low, the sex ratio was 2: 1 between male and female. All levels of gonadal maturity for female fish mostly at levels III, IV and V, whereas for male fish can be found at all levels (I-V). Fecundity values obtained ranged between 112.496-137.698 eggs and egg diameter sizes ranging from 0.235 - 0.55 μm.Keywords: Periopthalmus variabilis Eggert, Density Reproduction, Rupat


Curriculum construction is the key to building the college-enter[rise integrated educational process.Based on their common beneficial points,both parties can teach and produce together,share the technical resources,co-construct curriculum,and co-build professional teams to promote the student learning and practicing better and master the vocational skills as well,by "introducing enterprises into college,half work and half study" of the teaching model,it will help college,enterprise and students get benefits from it.


that the macroscopic and microscopic surface design of an implant enhance bone accumulation and support cell apposition, growth and differentiation [410]. Better bone-to-implant contact can be observed adjacent to microrough surfaces covered with pits of up to 2.0 μm in depth and 3 to 5 μm in diameter, although the exact reasons why osteoblasts "favour" these sites are still unclear [11]. Regarding the histological structures of the bone, which is composed of osteons and trabeculae, we hypothesize that dental endosseous implants with special surface characteristics correspond to biological structures, supporting bone formation and osseointegration. The macroscopic and microscopic surface design of bpisystems (BPI Biologisch Physikalische Implantate GmbH & Co. KG, Sindelfingen/Germany) is based on the biological and physical properties of alveolar bone. These solid titanium implants are characterized, on a macroscopic level, by rhombic grooves the size of osteons (100 μm).The implants are microscopically characterized by a titanium-sputtered surface to support osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. These implants imitate biological structures and may therefore support bone formation, especially in critical situations where primary stability is not guaranteed. The purpose of this study was to compare screwtype implants (control group; Osseotite, 3i, Florida/ USA) and hybrid implants (test group; bpisystems) in a beagle model to analyze whether the surface design of bpisystems promotes osseointegration. Materials and methods


After LiSao,there are YouTong and SiXuan,while after Da Ke Nan,there are Jie Chao and Da Bin Xi.They are quite different.Luo Hong-kai's WenXuan Xue has been introduced incorrectly in two authoritative dictionaries of Chinese literature.


Interventional pulmonology is a subspeciality of respiratory medicine, which plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease.With the development of science and technology, new methods of interventional diagnosis and treatment have been gradually applied to some traditional diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and malignant lung tumor.Interventional pulmonology has developed into a mature subspeciality, leapt to a new level on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases.This review discusses the progress of interventional pulmonology from 2015 to 2016.

Key words:
Interventional pulmonology; Bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access; Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Lung cancer


Government's proper role In the food sector, government legitimately regulates in three critical areas: protecting human health, ensuring truthful commercial communication, and promoting marketplace consistency. Although few people debate that the govern. ment should set and enforce minimum health and safety standards for food, many debate how strict these standards should be. Preventing meat contaminated with harmful bacteria from entering the marketplace clearly protects public health and enhances consumer confidence. But should large sums of money be spent to reduce a theoretical cancer risk from 1 in 900,000 to zero? Most interested parties also believe that the government should help ensure that consumers receive truthful and nondeceptive commercial information. Although ensuring truthfulness sounds simple, unfortunately it is not. Critics frequently say that the federal government moves too slowly to stop certain labeling and advertising practices that some consider false or misleading. However, the government must follow tough standards when restricting commercial speech protected by the First Amendment. The new Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) is a recent example of needed consumer communication regulation. This new law will help ensure the truthfulness of information set forth on food labels. For a company which prides itself on providing healthy foods to consumers, the standards set in the NLEA help its attempts to reach consumers with accurate information. The government should also help ensure marketplace consistency. The meat grading standards used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ensure that consumers get generally similar products whether purchased in Kansas City or Chicago. Under the new NLEA, food product labels will read the same regardless of where the product is produced or sold, and regardless of product regulation by the USDA or the Food and Drug Administration.


A boy with mitochondrial cytopathy and neuropathologi cal changes ofsubacute necrotizing encephalopathy is report ed. Conditions with abnormal mitochondria in muscle and/or brain are reviewed and the role of mitochondrial abnormali ties in spongiform encephalopathies is discussed. It is suggest ed that electronmicroscopical and histochemical investiga tions of muscle tissue would be of value in patients with Leigh's syndrome or other forms of spongiform encephalo pathies.


Using a set of standard success criteria, we show that Riksbank foreign-exchange interventions between 1993 and 2002 lacked forecast value; that is, the observed number of successes was not significantly greater--and usually substantially smaller--than the number one would anticipate given the martingale nature of exchange-rate movements. Under some success criteria, the Riksbank exhibited negative forecast value, implying that the market could have profited by taking a position opposite that of the bank. Moreover, the likelihood of success was independent of such conditioning factors as the amount of a transaction, the time lapses between interventions, or the number of foreign currencies involved. As such, Riksbank intervention could not operate through an expectations or signaling channel.


This study investigates the way in which and the extent to which students engage in social categorization during the process of self-selecting team members for a team assignment. The discovery-oriented method of grounded theory was used. Data were gathered from a sample of 38 undergraduate marketing and management students using the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique. Results indicate that, when faced with having too little information about classmates, students use a variety of social cues to cognitively categorize classmates, and then make a series of inferences about their personality, values, and trustworthiness based on the category in which they are placed. In addition, students use the inferences to help make decisions about who to approach and who to avoid during the self-selection process. Making inferences about classmates based on the social category in which they are placed, rather than on individual merit, is stereotyping. Behaving differently toward classmates based on the social category in which they are placed is discrimination. All 38 students who participated in this study reported that they have used social cues to help decide who to approach and who to avoid during team formation, and 13 reported doing so every time they have self-selected team members.


Preparing principals for today's demands: as a principal, Ms. Brown has firsthand knowledge of the pressures educational leaders face in the NCLB era. If administrators are going to perform effectively in today's school environment, she argues, the programs that prepare them will have to undergo significant reform. She urges university leadership programs to adopt four changes that will increase the likelihood of their graduates' success. The pressure on public school principals has become unbelievable. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has made a challenging job even more daunting with its requirements to achieve academic gains on a yearly basis and to provide all children with the opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. Adequately preparing aspiring principals for this new reality has become an immediate priority. NCLB's emphasis on high standards for all students has changed the dynamics of public school education. Making it possible for all students, regardless of their social, cultural, and economic backgrounds, to reach high academic standards requires greater leadership skills on the part of the principal than ever before. Gone are the days when the success of educational leaders was determined by the achievement of their shining stars and the hard-won success of some of their other students. Many principals are unable to cope with the growing demands and the resulting stress. Exhausted, they are retiring silently. Many of those who remain are increasingly increasingly weary. Fueled only by their passion for educating children, these principals dig deep for the will and energy to stay focused on their mission in the face of expectations that often seem too optimistic. As the role of the principal becomes more demanding and as overwhelmed colleagues leave the profession, I believe that universities must take a hard look at how they are preparing school administrators. I recommend four changes to current training that will help to develop educational leaders who are capable of surmounting the significant challenges facing today's principals. 1. Raise admissions requirements. Currently, the admission standards for many leadership preparation programs are not sufficiently high, particularly in the context of the increasing complexity of the 21st-century principal ship. Admission to these programs should be based on applicants' past experiences that demonstrate proven leadership qualities. Every candidate for a principal training program should have a minimum of four years of teaching experience. Applications for these programs should include letters of recommendation from various education stakeholders (including colleagues, parents, and students), documentation of the applicant's professional experiences, and an essay describing the role the applicant has played in improving student achievement. 2. Rethink required coursework. Core courses in administrator preparation programs, which currently cover a vast amount of theoretical knowledge, need to be much more connected to the realities that educational leaders face every day. …


In a real-time system where a microprocessor performs several tasks in response to the occurrence of external events, the execution of a task may be delayed if the processor is busy. This delay presents a problem as the task has to be performed within a fixed period of time. In this paper, the worst case queuing delay of a task under four interrupt handling schemes is analyzed. For every scheme, a sufficient condition is formulated for the system to satisfy certain real-time constraints.<<ETX>>


Highly oriented VO2 thin films were grown on sapphire substrates by the sol-gel method that includes a low pressure annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. This reduction process effectively promotes the formation of the VO2 phase over a relatively wide range of pressures below 100 mTorr and temperatures above 400oC. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that as-deposited films crystallize directly to the VO2 phase without passing through intermediate phases. VO2 films have been found to be with [100]- and [010]-preferred orientations on Al2O3(1012) and Al2O3(1010) substrates, respectively. Both films undergo a metal-insulator transition with an abrupt change in resistance, with different transition behaviors observed for the differently oriented films. For the [010]-oriented VO2 films a larger change in resistance of 1.2x10^4 and a lower transition temperature are found compared to the values obtained for the [100]-oriented films.


Gene expression profiling in toxicogenomics is often used to find molecular signature of toxicants. The range of doses chosen in toxicogenomics studies does not always represent all the possible effects on gene expression: several doses of toxicant can lead to the same observable effect on the transcriptome. This makes the problem of dose exposure prediction difficult to address. We propose a strategy allowing to gather the doses with similar effects prior to the computing of a molecular signature. The different gatherings of doses are compared with criteria based on likelihood or Monte Carlo cross validation. The molecular signature is then determined via a voting algorithm. Experimental results point out that the obtained classifier has better prediction performances than the classifier computed according to the original labeling.


Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that large secondary motions are excited by surface roughness with dominant spanwise length scales of the order of the flow's outer length scale. Inspired by this, we explore the effect of spanwise heterogeneous surface temperature in weakly to strongly stratified closed channel flow (at $Ri_\tau =120$, 960; $Re_\tau = 180$, 550) with direct numerical simulations. The configuration consists of equally sized strips of high and low temperature at the lower and upper boundaries, while an overall stable stratification is induced by imposing an average temperature difference between the top and bottom. We consider the influence of the width of the strips (${\rm \pi} /8 \leq \lambda /h \leq 4{\rm \pi} $), Reynolds number, stability and upper boundary condition on the mean flow structure, skin friction and heat transfer. Results indicate that secondary flows are excited, with alternating high- and low-momentum pathways and vortices, similar to the patterns induced by spanwise heterogeneous surface roughness. We find that the impact of the surface heterogeneity on the outer layer depends strongly on the spanwise heterogeneity length scale of the surface temperature. Comparison to stable channel flow with uniform temperature reveals that the heterogeneous surface temperature increases the global friction coefficient and reduces the global Nusselt number in most cases. However, for the high-Reynolds cases with $\lambda /h \geq {\rm \pi} /2$, we find a reduction of the friction coefficient. At stronger stability, the vertical extent of the vortices is reduced and the impact of the heterogeneous temperature on momentum and heat transfer is smaller.


The orange lemonade drink was prepared in which different concentrations of preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium metabisulphite) were added along with 10% sugar while some samples were sugar free in order to obtain the best combination. These samples were studied for physicochemical (pH, % acidity, TSS, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar and none reducing sugar) and organoleptic evaluation (colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability). The results were studied and compared after interval of 15 days for total of 90 days storage period at room temperature. Ascorbic acid content decreased in all the samples during storage. The minimum loss in ascorbic acid content was observed in T8 (27.01%) and maximum in T0 (50.28%). Increase in titratable acidity was observed during storage. Maximum increase was observed in T6 (30.34%) while the minimum increase was observed in T1 (10.45%). pH was slightly decreased during storage. Maximum decrease was observed in sample T5 (3.82%) while minimum decrease was observed in sample T3 (1.25%). TSS was increased and maximum increase was observed in sample T4 (13.3%) and minimum in T3 (4.04%). Reducing sugar increased during storage. Maximum increase was observed in T7 (22.36%) while minimum in T4 (9.30%). Non reducing sugar considerably decreased. Maximum decrease was noticed in To (73.3%) while minimum in T4 (22.2%). Sugar acid ratio decreased during storage. Maximum decrease was observed in T5 (15.97%) while minimum in T0 (2.98%). Organoleptically for colour factor, T7 obtained maximum score (7.20) while minimum was obtained by T0 (6.57). Results for statistical analysis for 90 days storage and internal comparison were found significant (P<0.05).


Stimulation of murine macrophages with recombinant soluble glucocorticoid induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein and generated significant amounts of PGE(2). Previous result demonstrated that macrophages express GITR and GITR ligand constitutively. Induction of COX-2 was synergistic with interferon (INF)-gamma. GITR/ligand system could deliver an activation signal to macrophages in inflammatory processes.


This paper investigates the stability and stabilization pr oblems for a class of uncertain time-delay systems. For exploring the stability problem, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function (LKF) method and Leibniz-Newton formula are adopted to analyze the stability problems of a class of uncertain time-delay systems. In addition, the proposed delay-dependent stability conditions f or a class of time-delay unforced systems can be formulated by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By examining the stabilization pr oblem, based on the sliding mode control scheme, some assumptions, and some transformations, the delay-dependent stabilization condition for uncertain time-delay system is propounded to guarantee the asymptotic stabilization of uncertain time-delay system i n this paper. Moreover, based on the Schur complement formula and some variable transformations, the delay-dependent stabilizatio n conditions of the uncertain time-delay system can be presented in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) form. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed control scheme.


We can now bring together the various results obtained during the course of our investigations. We find that the changes are at a minimum under anaerobic conditions, and they are as follows: 1. In the laboratory experiments as much as 17 % of the dry matter may be converted into gas: in the heap the proportion is less. 2. The non-nitrogenous constituents are particularly affected, as much as one quarter of the pentosans may disappear during the process and other constituents break down in like proportion. The gas evolved contains carbon dioxide, marsh gas, and hydrogen.


SummaryThis study reports an improved protocol for in vitro-shoot multiplication and ex vitro acclimation of Bupleurum kaoi, an endangered medicinal herb. Nodal segments were cultured in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin. The presence of 0.25 mg l−1 BA induced the highest number of shoots per explant after 8 wk of culture. Although BA was more effective than kinetin on shool multiplication, it induced hyperhydric shoots at all concentrations tested. The use of dispense paper (DP) instead of aluminum foil (AF) for container closure was found to reduce hyperhydricity and improve ex vitro acclimation. The best survival rate (61%) was obtained when plantlets were grown in MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1–0.2 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid using DP as container closure. Leaves of the plant treated with AF6 (two layers of AF as container closure and 6 wk of incubation) lacked epicuticular wax and possessed larger stomata, higher stomata density, and fewer functional stomata compared to those of plants treated with AF2+DP4 (two layers of AF for 2 wk, then replaced AF by three layers of DP for 4wk) and ex vitro-acclimated plantlets.


The purpose of this study is to describe the speech act of the main character "Teddy" in The Man from Toronto Movie. The other description of this study is to find the speech acts function in Teddy's utterances. This study used a qualitative method to acquire the data. The writers collected the data by downloading the transcript of The Man from Toronto Movie. In investigating the speech acts of Teddy, this study applied Searle's (1980) theory of speech acts in analyzing the utterances produced by Teddy in The Man from Toronto Movie. The results showed that Teddy's 177 utterances were representative, expressive with 118 utterances, directive with 111 utterances, commissive with 10 utterances, and declarative with 2 utterances.


Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is used principally as a triage procedure, although in experienced hands it may also be diagnostic for certain thyroid lesions, such as colloid goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, papillary carcinoma, high-grade follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, large cell lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma. The main goal of thyroid FNA is to distinguish nodules that require surgery from those that do not, thereby decreasing the number of diagnostic thyroidectomies. However, FNA of the thyroid does not eliminate all diagnostic operations. No test that serves a triage or screening function is 100% effective, and the patient should be fully informed about the riskhenefit ratio of the procedure. Note that it would be useful for each laboratory to compute the ratio of malignant to benign nodules in thyroidectomy specimens obtained before and during the FNA era. A comparatively higher ratio in the FNA biopsy era reflects favorably on the clinical utility of the test. If FNA of the thyroid lacks utility, clinicians will not use it. A false-positive report in thyroid cytology is undesirable but is not of major concern because, without this test, many more patients with solitary, "cold" nodules would require excision for diagnosis. It is more important to maintain the lowest false-negative rate possible to ensure that few carcinomas will be missed. The aim is to achieve a false-negative rate of less than 2% and a false-positive rate of less than 3%. 1.3*4*6-10 Note that the incidence of false-negative diagnosis is difficult to gauge because only approximately 10% of patients with benign


This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted in village Regi Peshawar, with a purposively selected sample of 20 mothers. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews from the participants, of whom 7 mothers had some basic education while the rest 13 were uneducated. The data showed that mothers' own age of marriage, their education levels, family size and socio-economic status had instilled in mothers culturally ingrained notions of preferring boys over girls, resulting in gender bias and discriminatory attitudes and practices about daughters. This research strengthens the existing research further that is replete with evidence of discriminatory treatment of girls and women in various personal, social and professional arenas in Pakistan. It is suggested that working towards changing the attitudes of parents regarding daughters' education and upbringing, and changing community's perceptions towards the social and educational status of females require emphasising and practicing Islamic teachings.


Traffic flow disruption had been rapidly increase in Malaysia This problem, which causes traffic problems and sometimes vehicles, had lined up (bumper to bumper). Problem in traffic flow occur because of some disturbance factors. Problem of traffic flow disruption during peak hours al*ays occur and posed problem to community and their daily activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the traffic flow performance based on link capacity analysis and parking occupancy and to identify the problems faced by the residents which affect to their daily activities. To achieve the objective, a link capacity and parking study was carried out alongside with the distribution of questionnaire to the residents. A straight road of Jalan Maran-Gambang was selected to serve as a study area. From the result it was shown that the occupancy of parking is 83.82%. Thus, it is may cause of traffic congestion because other vehicles need to slow down their vehicles and time delay also will be increase. If more short parking the more it affects the rate of traffic movements. Result also had shown from link capacity analysis. The Level of Service (LOS) of the traffic flow is LOS C and for the growth factor 15% the LOS remain same. From the questionnaire, the result shown that the major factors of traffic flow disruption is heavy vehicles. It can be conclude that the major disturbance factors are from heavy vehicles (91%), the pattern of the parking (87%) and also the narrow road (76%) that may pose danger to community.


As a philosophy of governing,the concept of scientific development shows the nature,the aim and the progressiveness of a proletarian party.In present-day,the concept of scientific development is an active response of a party in power to China political ecology and reports the vast majority of Chinese people's demand.And it is persistence,utilization and development of Marxism society development theory concerning the final decisive force of society development,the people's subjective status of history development,the comprehensive production and systematical development.


The present invention provides a orthopedic support, the sub-assembly for such support, the method of manufacturing an orthopedic support, and a device for use in the manufacture of orthopedic support. Further, the present invention relates to improved curable orthopedic support, for example, to splint or cast. The present invention encompasses the patient's anatomy (e.g., a limb or other extremity) has a sufficiently suitable shape so as to be surely positioned, the orthopedic support assembly (10). The design according to certain embodiments, 2 or more lobes (12), comprising a joint according to one or more junction regions (14).


In his presidential address, Zingales (2015) observes that large parts of society perceive finance as a rent-seeking activity and that complex financial regulation is prone to arbitrage and capture. In my dissertation, I investigate whether there is some truth in these allegations. In Chapter 1, I estimate the extent of regulatory arbitrage by banks in the securitization market. In Chapters 2 and 3, I show how incentive structures in credit rating agencies and banks can explain credit rating bias and excessive risk-taking, respectively. My findings have important implications for the design of financial regulation.


This study describes the synthesis of cobalt–ceria catalysts with octahedron and nanosphere shapes via a facile and surfactant-free hydrothermal method. The morphology of the products could be controlled by adjusting the proportion of solvent. The products evolved from nanospheres to octahedra with decreasing ethylene glycol/water volume fraction ratio in the reaction system. The formation process of the nanospheres involved dissolution–recrystallization-assembly and Ostwald ripening processes. Furthermore, the sizes of the obtained ceria–cobalt nanospheres were about 30 to 150 nm; these were composed of many crystallites with sizes of approximately 7 to 9 nm. The size of the ceria–cobalt nanospheres could be controlled by changing the cobalt doping amount in the mixed water–glycol system. These synthesized catalysts were applied for NO oxidation. The catalytic performance is closely related to the oxygen vacancy and the NO adsorption ability. In the low cobalt doping amount, NO adsorption and desorption played an important role in the oxidation process. However, the adsorption and activation O2 was the key step when the NO adsorption and desorption ability was similar.


The stomach contents of ten species of elasmobranch from the north-eastern Atlantic indicate that most are generalist predators, eating a variety of polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans and teleosts. Two species, Mustelus asterias and Squatina scjuatina were found to be specialist feeders, consuming portunid crabs and pleuronectids, respectively. Measures for both dietary breadth and dietary overlap are given and the implications of elasmobranch predation on the prey communities and on commercial species are discussed.


Abstract. Despite the high abundance of secondary aerosols in the atmosphere, their formation mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, MCM/CAPRAM mechanism is used to investigate the multiphase formation and processing of secondary aerosol constituents during the advection of air masses towards the measurement site of Mt. Tai in North China. Trajectories with and without chemical cloud interaction are modeled. Modeled radical and non-radical concentrations demonstrate that the summit of Mt. Tai, with an altitude of ∼1.5 km a.m.s.l., is characterized by a sub-urban oxidants budget. The modeled maximum gas-phase concentrations of OH radical are 3.2 × 106 molecules cm−3 and 3.5 × 106 molecules cm−3 in simulations with and without cloud passages in the air parcel, respectively. Different to previous studies at Mt. Tai, this study has modeled chemical formation processes of secondary aerosol constituents under day vs. night and cloud vs. non-cloud cases along the trajectories to Mt. Tai in detail. The model studies show that sulfate is mainly produced in simulations where the air parcel is influenced by cloud chemistry. Under the simulated conditions, the aqueous reaction of HSO3− with H2O2 is the major contributor to sulfate formation, contributing 67 % and 60 % in the simulations with cloud and non-cloud passages, respectively. The modeled nitrate formation is higher at nighttime than at daytime. The major pathway is aqueous-phase N2O5 hydrolysis, with a contribution of 72 % when cloud passages are considered and 70 % when not. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compounds, e.g. glyoxylic, oxalic, pyruvic and malonic acid, are found to be mostly produced from the aqueous oxidations of hydrated glyoxal, hydrated glyoxylic acid, nitro 2-oxopropanoate and hydrated 3-oxopropanoic acid, respectively. Sensitivity studies reveal that gaseous VOC emissions have a huge impact on the concentrations of modeled secondary aerosol compounds. Increasing the VOC emissions by a factor of two leads to linearly increased concentrations of the corresponding SOA compounds. Studies using the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) method have identified isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and toluene as the key precursors for glyoxylic and oxalic acid, but only isoprene is found to be a key precursor for pyruvic acid. Additionally, the model investigations demonstrate that an increased aerosol partitioning of glyoxal can play an important role in the aqueous-phase formation of glyoxylic and oxalic acid. Overall, the present study is the first that provides more detailed insights in the formation pathways of secondary aerosol constituents at Mt. Tai and clearly emphasizes the importance of aqueous-phase chemical processes on the production of multifunctional carboxylic acids.


Abstract. We discuss k-rotundity, weak k-rotundity, C-k-rotundity, weak C-k-rotundity, k-nearly uniform convexity, k-β property, C-I property, C-II property, C-III property and nearly uniform convexity both pointwise and global in Orlicz function spaces equipped with Luxemburg norm.Applications to continuity for the metric projection at a given point are given in Orlicz function spaces with Luxemburg norm.


CRISPR loci are composed of short DNA repeats separated by sequences that match the genomes of phages and plasmids, known as spacers. Spacers are transcribed and processed to generate RNA guides used by CRISPR-associated nucleases to recognize and destroy the complementary nucleic acids of invaders. To counteract this defense, phages can produce small proteins that inhibit these nucleases. Here we demonstrate that the ΦAP1.1 temperate phage utilizes an alternate approach to antagonize the type II-A CRISPR response in Streptococcus pyogenes. Immediately after infection this phage expresses a canonical anti-CRISPR, AcrIIA23 that prevents Cas9 function, allowing ΦAP1.1 to integrate into the direct repeats of the CRISPR locus and neutralizing immunity. However, acrIIA23 is not transcribed during lysogeny and phage integration/excision cycles can result in the deletion and/or transfer of spacers, enabling a complex modulation of the type II-A CRISPR immune response.


Because the global positioning system (GPS) employed in the terrestrial environment does not work in the underwater environment, a localization scheme should be properly designed for such an environment, in particular, the underwater sensor network (UWSN). Focusing on this issue for UWSNs, a scheme called projection-based underwater localization (PUL) is proposed in this paper. PUL applies a projection method to transform the three-dimension (3D) localization problem into a two-dimension (2D) one with consideration of layers to find the coordinate of a node using three reference nodes. By doing so, PUL is able to minimize computation and communication overheads while achieving high accuracy. Investigated via simulations, we show that PUL significantly outperforms some closely related schemes in the literature in terms of localization coverage, localization error, and communication cost.


Stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries) occurs with aging and may play a key role in memory impairment via a diminished pressure‐dampening effect, ultimately leading to loss of neuronal tissue integrity. In this regard, changes in brain tissue viscoelastic mechanical properties, an indirect measure of neuronal tissue integrity, may reflect the impact of elastic artery stiffening on brain health. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether large elastic artery stiffness is associated with total brain viscoelasticity in healthy adults across the lifespan. All measures were performed in 13 healthy participants (6 females, mean age: 38 ± 15 y; age range: 22–69 y; mean BMI: 26 ± 5 kg/m2; mean BP: 111 ± 9/68 ± 10 mmHg). Carotid artery stiffness, beta‐stiffness index and compliance were assessed using B‐mode ultrasound (Logiq e, GE) coupled with applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical Inc.) and analyzed using commercial wall‐tracking software (Cardiovascular Suite, Quipu). Aortic stiffness was assessed as carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry. Brain tissue viscoelastic mechanical properties (shear stiffness and damping ratio) were measured using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MRE data were acquired using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetom Prisma, Siemens, Inc.) while the brain viscoelastic property maps were generated using a nonlinear inversion algorithm. Associations between measures of age, large elastic artery stiffness and brain viscoelastic properties were determined using linear regression. PWV significantly increased with age (F = 25.6, p < 0.05, r2 = 0.7) while total brain stiffness significantly decreased with age (F = 6.1, p < 0.05, r2 = 0.36). Carotid artery stiffness (F = 4.3, p = 0.06, r2 = 0.28) and beta‐stiffness index (F = 2.9, p = 0.11, r2 = 0.21) tended to be inversely associated with total brain stiffness, whereas carotid artery compliance tended to be positively associated with total brain stiffness (F = 2.5, p = 0.14, r2 = 0.18). No relation was observed between PWV and total brain stiffness (F = 0.9, p = 0.37, r2 = 0.08). There were no associations between any measures of arterial stiffness and damping ratio. These preliminary data confirm that aging is associated with increase in arterial stiffness and loss of brain tissue integrity. They also indicate a possible association between large artery stiffening with brain tissue integrity and suggest that preserving elasticity of the carotid artery in particular may be important for protecting brain health with aging. Future work should assess the relation between carotid artery stiffness and brain mechanical properties in a larger group of individuals.


The bremsstrahlung absorption of electrons in a low-temperature Ar-Cs plasma has been analyzed. Because of corrections due to the ionic cores of AR and Cs, the count factor G(T, w) frequently differs from 1 resulting in considerable errors in the calculation of the absorption coefficient K/sub w/ determined from Kramer's equation. (AIP)


1. Some background information The Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) has been in existence for over a quarter century now. Recently fascicle 6 of volume I appeared (Viereck 2002), fascicle 7 is with the publisher and the manuscripts of fascicle 8 are now being prepared for publication.It is hoped that the maps will from now on also appear in digitalised form. The ALE can be called a linguistic atlas of the fourth generation, being preceded by regional and national atlases as well as by atlases of language groups. Atlases of the fifth type, i.e. on entire language families such as Indo-European, or on the final type, namely a world linguistic atlas, do not exist as yet. 1 The ALE is the first continental linguistic atlas. Its frontiers are neither political nor linguistic but simply geographic. 2 The choice of the continent has nothing to do with Eurocentrism but only follows from the present state of research.


Background Clinical practice guidelines are often evidence-based. However, it is inevitable that there are value judgements in the practical recommendations contained in the guidelines. In order to see if patients finally are being supplied with sufficient information to help them make treatment decision, we determined 1) which value judgements influence the process of developing guidelines for palliative chemotherapy, and 2) whether these value judgements were made explicit in the final guideline report. Methods We studied the development process of six Dutch oncology guidelines in which palliative chemotherapy plays a substantial role. We observed the guideline development groups (GDGs), conducted semi-structured interviews with individual GDG members (including the chairs), and analysed the minutes of GDG meetings and subsequent versions of the guidelines. A value judgement was defined as a statement about the value of a patient outcome with regard to palliative chemotherapy. Results We identified the following value judgments in the process of guideline development: 1) consensus on what should be considered as valuable minimum patient outcomes, 2) preference for tailored treatment in situations where there is no evidence of treatment effect, 3) preference for 'doing something' even when there is sufficient evidence of no effect, and 4) the patient outcome of 'prolonging life'. These value judgements, however, were not reported in the final guideline. Conclusion At least the final two value judgements mentioned are relevant for patients with incurable metastatic cancer in making decisions whether to use chemotherapy and what kind. Value judgements should be made explicit in guidelines, so that clinicians can transparently discuss treatment options with individual patients. 45 Diss. Susanne v6:Basis Boekje 03-07-09 11:42 Page 45


Objective To investigate the early injury of small intestine in rats treated with sulfur mustard plus burn. Methods SD rats model with Ⅱ degree full-thickness injected Sulfur mustard were established. The LD_ 50 value of sulfur mustard was determined by modified Karber's method. Body weight, water content of small intestine, and pathological changes of ileum post-injury 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h were observed. Results The LD_ 50 values of sulfur mustard were 11.42 mg/kg and 4.977 mg/kg , respectively. Both sulfur mustard injection and sulfur mustard plus burn could induce the decrease of body weight which were significant at 72 h and the increase of water content of small intestine which were significant at 72 h or 48 h respectively. There were significant difference between experimental group and control group. There was a positive correlation between the degree of injury and the time of post-injury. Conclusions The results suggested that a complex injury of sulfur mustard intoxication and burn may produce more severe lesions in small intestine in rats than those induced by mustard treatment.


Objective To investigate the principles of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of early postoperation inflammatory small bowel obstruction(EPISBO).Methods 93 cases of EPISBO were randomly divided into two groups including group A,47 cases received combined traditional Chinese and west- ern medicine treatment,and group B 46 received only western medicine treatment.Results 93 patients were all cured through nonsurgical treatment.The combined traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment was better in symtom improvement and reduce of expense.Conclusion The principle treatment of EPISBO is mainly nonsurgical. The traditional Chinese medicine and somatostatin are very important.


The American Science and Engineering Soft X-ray Imaging Payload and the Naval Research Laboratory High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) were launched from White Sands on 1987 December 11 in coordinated sounding rocket flights. The goal was to investigate the correspondence of fine-scale structures from different temperature regimes in the solar atmosphere, and particularly the relationship between X-ray bright points (XBPs) and transition region explosive events. We present results of the analysis of co-aligned X-ray images, maps of sites of transition region explosive events observed in C IV 10(exp 5), HRTS 1600 A spectroheliograms of the T(sub min) region, and ground-based magnetogram and He I 10830 A images. We examined the relationship of He I 10830 A dark features and evolving magnetic features which correspond to XBPs. We note a frequent double ribbon pattern of the He I dark feature counterparts to XBPs. We discuss an analysis of the relationship of XBPs to evolving magnetic features by Webb et al., which shows that converging magnetic features of opposite polarity are the most significant magnetic field counterparts to XBPs. The magnetic bipolar features associated with XBPs appear as prominent network elements in chromospheric and transition region images. The features in C IV observations corresponding to XBP sites are in general bright, larger scale (approximately 10 arcsec) regions of complex velocity fields of order 40 km/s, which is typical of brighter C IV network elements. These C IV features do not reach the approximately 100 km/s velocities seen in the C IV explosive events. Also, there are many similar C IV bright network features without a corresponding XBP in the X-ray image. The transition region explosive events do not correspond directly to XBPs. The explosive events appear to be concentrated in the quiet Sun at the edges of strong network, or within weaker field strength network regions. We find a greater number of C IV events than expected from the results of a previous Spacelab 2 HRTS disk survey. We attribute this at least partly to better spatial resolution with the newer HRTS data. The full-disk X-ray image shows a pattern of dark lanes in quiet Sun areas. The number density of C IV events is twice as large inside as outside a dark lane (4.6 x 10(exp -3) vs. 2.3 x 10(exp -3) explosive events per arcsec (exp 2)). The dark lane corresponds to an old decaying magnetic neutral line. We suggest that this provides an increased opportunity for small-scale convergence and reconnection of opposite polarity magnetic field features, in analogy with the results of Webb et al. for XBPs but at a reduced scale of reconnection.


This paper describes the surge impedance of concrete pole based on the electromagnetic field, including the effect of electrical properties of concrete. This parameter has not been studied in previous lightning surge analysis. A new formula for calculating the surge impedance including the effect of electrical properties of concrete is proposed. The result show that surge impedance of concrete pole depends on the relative dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of concrete. Finally, the pole surge impedance was calculated by a propose formula agree very well with the result of the other measured value.


Vapor pressures of xanthene [CAS Registry No. 92-83-1] and phenoxathiin [CAS Registry No. 262-20-4] were measured in the temperature range from (318 to 382) K [(0.5 to 127) Pa] and from (318 to 373) K [(0.5 to 36) Pa], respectively, using a static method, in both crystalline and liquid phases. The vapor pressures of the crystalline phases of both compounds were also measured in the pressure range (0.1 to 1) Pa using the Knudsen effusion method. From the experimental results, the standard molar Gibbs energies and enthalpies of sublimation/vaporization, at T = 298.15 K, and the triple-point coordinates for these two compounds were derived. The enthalpies and temperatures of fusion were also determined using differential scanning calorimetry. To the best of our knowledge, vapor pressure data reported here are the first for crystalline phenoxathiin and for liquid xanthene.


Breast cancer is a cancer which has the highest morbidity in women worldwide. Modern medicine uses imaging methods to analyze pathological images, which may cause the human error, and consume resources and manpower. Deep learning can help people and doctors to detect breast cancer, treat it better. This paper developed a breast cancer diagnosis system based on the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We proposed a convolutional model consists of two convolutional layers and pooling layers. The Breast Cancer Histopathology Image Classification (BreaKHis) dataset was used to contain benign and malignant two classes. BCE loss was used as the loss function during our training process. The learning rate, optimizer, training epochs are 0.001, Adam and 11, respectively. In addition, we also developed a breast cancer diagnosis application using the Flask, which the users can use to detect breast cancer online and know where has cancerous by putting red boxes. Experimental results indicate that our cancer diagnosis system can provide good feedback to breast cancer patients.


Rod bundle flows are prevalent in nuclear engineering for both light water reactors (LWR) and advanced reactor concepts. Unlike canonical channel flow, the flow in rod bundles presents some unique characteristics, notably due to the inhomogeneous cross section which can present different local conditions of turbulence as well as localized effects characteristic of external flows. Despite the ubiquity of rod bundle flows and the decades of experimental and numerical knowledge acquired in this field, there are no publicly available direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow in multiple pin rod bundles with heat transfer. A multiple pin DNS study is of great value as it would allow for assessment of the reliability of various turbulence models in the presence of heat transfer, as well as allow for a deeper understanding of the flow physics. We present work towards DNS of the flow in a square 5x5 rod bundle representative of LWR fuel. We consider standard configurations as well as configurations where the central pin is replaced with a guide thimble. We perform simulations in STAR-CCM+ to design the numerical DNS, which is to be conducted using the open source spectral element code Nek5000. Large Eddy Simulations are also performed in Nek5000 to confirm that the resolution requirements are adequate. We compare results from STAR-CCM+ and Nek5000, which show very good agreement in the wide gaps with larger discrepancies in the narrow gaps. In particular, evidence of a gap vortex street is seen in the edge subchannels in LES but is not predicted by STAR-CCM+.


Dominelli L. Climate change: social workers' roles and contributions to policy debates and interventions

Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 430–438 © 2011 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.

Climate change is seldom discussed in mainstream social work. Its first presentations on the world stage occurred in Copenhagen during the Conference of the Parties (COP15). This article argues that the profession has an important role to play in: helping people understand the issues; promoting sustainable energy production and consumption; mobilising people to protect their futures through community social work; and proposing solutions to greenhouse gas emissions as indicated in two case studies, one based on a community initiative in the Global South, and the other in the Global North. The article also demonstrates that social workers can foster climate change endeavours that are equitable for all, for example the Equitable Carbon Sharing Scheme.