PURPOSE: To set a routing path by a program and at the same time to attain the simultaneous transfer to plural processors in a packet routing method for array processors which can connect the unit processors together in en optional constitution. CONSTITUTION: Four communication ports end arithmetic processor ports are connected to each other at each processor node 10 via a mutual connection network. Then a routing table is provided to designate the transfer control among those ports. This table can be read and written by an arithmetic processor so that a packet transfer path can be set and the simultaneous transfer is possible to plural addressed processors. Thus it is possible to connect the processors together with reliance on an application, to control the traffic of the network, and to set a communication path of high efficiency. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Motivated by certain recent extensions of the Euler's beta, Gauss's hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions [7], we establish certain relations between the integral of the incomplete extended beta function and the complete extended beta function. These results lead to relations for the extended beta function and hence the standard beta functions. In particular, it is showed that the difference between the function with first variable shifted by any integer n ≥ 1 and that of the function with the first variable shifted by one is the same as the corresponding difference for the second variable.


In order to improve the stability of the electrical control system, based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper constructs an online monitoring system for electrical control based on the Internet of Things. Based on actual needs, communication requirements, and common communication methods in the remote monitoring system, this paper combines the requirements of actual remote communication to conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the principles, performance characteristics, reliability, cost, maintenance, and other aspects of various communication methods, proposes a plan that can meet the communication requirements of the system, and completes the design of the wireless linear link communication network. In addition, according to the three-tier architecture of the Internet of Things, this paper comprehensively uses the technologies related to the Internet of Things to design and develop the perception layer, transmission layer, and application layer. Finally, this paper designs experiments to test the performance of the system constructed in this paper. The research results show that the online monitoring system based on the Internet of Things constructed in this paper meets the needs of intelligent monitoring of the electrical control system.


Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of poverty. It is essential that poverty projections be estimated while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to perform an agrarian sub-national regional analysis of climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh under various climate change scenarios and evaluate its potential impact on poverty. This study is relevant to socio-economic research on climate change vulnerability and agriculture risk management and has the potential to contribute new insights to the complex interactions between household income and climate change risks to agricultural communities in Bangladesh and South Asia. This study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, decomposition of variance and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that can be used to ascertain vulnerability levels and help us to understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially generate. It is found that the levels and sources of income vary greatly among regions of Bangladesh. The variance decomposition of income showed that agricultural income in Mymensingh and Rangpur is the main cause of the total income difference among all sources of income. Moreover, a large variance in agricultural income among regions is induced by the gross income from rice production. Additionally, even in the long run the gradual, constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not a severe problem for farmers. However, extreme events such as floods, flash floods, droughts, sea level rise and greenhouse gas emissions, based on Representative concentration pathways (RCPs), could increase the poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Barisal and Khulna—regions that would be greatly affected by unexpected yield losses due to extreme climatic events. Therefore, research into and development of adaptation measures to climate change in regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income are important.


The ability and structural requirements of 4-dimethylamino-4′-cyano-substituted biphenyls showing photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (CT) to serve as hydrogen bond- or pH-sensitive fluorescent probes is investigated. The
 donor–acceptor (D–A) biphenyls I and II being planar in the CT excited state are most suitable as pH-sensitive fluorescent probes. The two compounds show analytically valuable features such as well-separated absorption and emission bands and signal changes spanning four orders of magnitude and can be employed in ratiometric,
 "self-calibrating", and highly sensitive pH fluorosensing in the range 0<pH<4. Because of an enhanced charge separation
 in the excited state, the highly twisted D–A biphenyl III shows an increased proton sensitivity and can therefore be used to probe solvent proticity ia hydrogen bond formation. The molecular and electronic characteristics
 of the two types of probes are discussed for the different neutral and acidic alcoholic and/or aqueous solvent mixtures investigated.


follows, consisting of the number of leaves and pages, the number of lines per page and the manuscript's size, many entries have no physical description other than the date of copying. Entries also include an abbreviated list of references to basic bibliographic works like Brockelmann and Sezgin, along with bibliographic works in Arabic specific to Yemen. The catalogue describes a total of 997 manuscripts. The work concludes with indices of the names of works, authors, and copyists. The Nigerian National Library was founded in 1957. Its collections include manuscripts in Arabic as well as Hausa and other African languages. Non-Arabic-script manuscripts, of which there are many in the collection, have not been included in the catalogue nor have severely damaged manuscripts or individual pages. In his introduction Hunwick notes that most of the library's manuscripts are from the Arab world, with a very small percentage from the continent of Africa. The latter show the great importance placed by Nigerian ulama on the Islamic sciences of Qur'anic commentary, fiqh, doctrine, grammar and so forth. Nowhere do the authors indicate how the catalogue has been divided, so the reader cannot know what to expect from its subsequent volumes. Hunwick and Muhammad give greater detail for the Nigerian manuscripts than was the case in al-Habashi and Johansen's Yemeni catalogue. Entries include incipits and explicits, subject headings, number of pages and lines of text, size of text area and a statement about the item's condition. Additional notes provided include published versions of the text, biographical information about its author, alternative titles etc. There are 746 entries, numbered consecutively, but the local accession number is also indicated. The catalogue concludes with indices of names of authors, works, subject headings and lines of poetry.


Due to the development of multi‐energy conversion technologies and the higher public awareness of the sustainability, the energy system has begun a transition toward the energy hub (EH) based integrated energy system (IES). This paper proposes a distributed robust synergistic scheduling method for multi‐EH‐based IES coupled with electricity, natural gas, heating and cooling, to minimize the operating cost of the IES while considering the uncertainties of renewable generations (RGs) and multi‐energy load demands. The nonconvexity of energy network constraints, uncertainties in multiple EHs as well as limitation of information exchange lead to significant challenges for IES scheduling. To deal these issues, the original robust scheduling model of IES is first reformulated as a mixed integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) by convex relaxation method. Furthermore, to improve the economy and flexibility of robust scheduling solution, a light robust model is developed to address the multiple uncertainties from EHs. Finally, a consensus‐based alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach is developed to tackle the robust scheduling model in MISOCP form, where EH operators parallelly solve their respective EH subproblems with limited information exchange, and subsequently the EH subproblem in MISOCP form is solved by a nonconvex ADMM (NC‐ADMM) approach to guarantee the convergence of the consensus‐based ADMM. Simulation results in a three‐EH IES are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed method for optimal synergy of multiple EHs with uncertainties.


The paper characterizes the class of all concave resource allocation problems in interference coupled wireless systems. An axiomatic framework for interference functions proposed by Yates in 1995 is used to model interference coupling in our paper. The paper shows that there exists no transformation, which ensures concavity for all linear interference functions for all functions of SINR. The paper then characterizes the largest class of utility functions under a certain requirement, such that the corresponding class of utility functions functions, which are a function of SINR in the s-domain are concave. The paper shows that such a class of utility functions is a restricted class due to a requirement, which ensures concavity. Furthermore, the paper shows that the largest class of interference functions, which ensures concavity for resource allocation problems are the log-convex interference functions. These results differ from the convex case, where we are interested in minimizing utility functions of inverse SINR.


Intrusion can compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of a computer system. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a type of security software designed to monitor network traffic and identify network intrusions. In this paper, A Fuzzy Rule – Based classification system is used to detect intrusion in a computer network. In order to improve the classification rate, a new method is proposed based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) for rule weights specification. The proposed method is tested on KDD99 dataset. Experimental results show the proposed method improves the performance of the fuzzy rule-based classification systems in terms of detection rate and false alarm rate.


The history of diagnostic classifications in psychiatry has been recognized as a privileged means of access to the vicissitudes inherent to the configuration of a scientific and professional field, also bringing significant contributions to conceptual history. We have taken as primary sources the five editions of the DSM (1952-2013) to examine the construction of diagnostic categories related to schizophrenia proneness, indicating the scientific and social contexts related to the development of DSM and psychiatry itself. Along this process we highlight the conditions of possibility for the emergence of the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome, a highly controversial diagnostic proposal, in the elaboration of DSM-5. This proposal ended up being rejected not only on scientific grounds, but also because of feared unintended consequences.


Eukaryotic DNA is tightly packed into chromatin, a DNA–protein structure that exists as transcriptionally permissive euchromatin or repressive heterochromatin. Post-translational modification of histones plays a key role in regulating chromatin dynamics. Short peptides derived from various sources are known to function as epigenetic modulators; however, their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We addressed this issued by investigating the effect of peptide AEDL on chromatin structure in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), a commercially important plant species. The chromatin of tobacco interphase cells is characterized by the presence of zones of transcriptionally active domains and particular domains of condensed chromatin of cells that partially coincide with heterochromatin zones. Chromatin decondensation and the formation of euchromatin, accompanied by the activation of genes expression activity, are a determining factor in responses to stressful effects. Our results show that plants grown in the presence of 10 −7 M peptide AEDL transformed condensed chromatin domains from 45% in control cells to 25%. Histone modifications, which constitute the so-called histone code, play a decisive role in the control of chromatin structure. Fluorescence quenching experiments using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled histones revealed that the linker histone H1 and complexes of core H3 and H1 histones with DNA bound to peptide AEDL in a 1: 1 molar ratio. The peptide was found to bind to the N-terminal lysine residue of H1 and the lysine residue at position 36 of the H3 C terminus. These interactions of histones H1 and H3 with AEDL peptide loosened the tightly packed chromatin structure, getting transcriptionally active euchromatin. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of gene regulation by short peptides and have implications for breeding more resistant or productive varieties of tobacco and other crops.


This paper proposes the data-based PID controller of flexible joint robot based on Levy Flight Safe Experimentation Dynamics (LFSED) algorithm. The LFSED algorithm is an enhanced version of SED algorithm where the random perturbation of the updated tuning variable is based on Levy Flight function. By adopting the Levy Flight term to the updated equation of SED, it is expected that a more efficient searching can be performed than the uniform distribution random numbers. The effectiveness of the LFSED algorithm is verified to tune the PID controller of flexible joint robot. In this flexible joint control problem, two PID controllers are utilized to control both rotary angle tracking and vibration of flexible joint robot. The performance of the proposed data-based PID controller is assessed in terms of trajectory tracking of angular motion, vibration reduction and statistical analysis of the predefined control objective function. The simulation results showed that the data-based PID controller based on LFSED is able to produce better control accuracy than the conventional LFSED based method.


This manuscript aims to study the effect of the By component of the IMF on the Earth's magnetosphere, in particular the asymmetries observed in the magnetosphere during periods of high IMF By. The manuscript analyses a case study of a geomagnetic storm which occurred in August 2001 during which the magnetosphere was exposed to a strong IMF By component. To study this particular storm, many available data sources are utilised to build up a picture of the asymmetries observed in the magnetosphere.


nor is there much discussion about isocyanates elsewhere in the book. The final article, on agricultural exposures to organic dusts, is the only one that considers a complex situation in which similar exposures may lead to several different effects, addressing the sort of problems that are common challenges in occupational lung diseases. There are points in the book where transatlantic differences are very obvious; this is especially true with regard to compensation law in the chapters on impairment and disability and exercise testing. Another irritation for the British reader is the general lack of references to European work, which reduces the usefulness of the extensive lists of references. In summary, there are some useful articles in this collection but overall it fails to cover some of the important issues in occupational lung diseases. Non-specialists may find it a useful introduction.-AC


This paper presents a methodology for validating surface metrology software. Based uncertainty analysis, a set of reference data sets with mathematical correct results, call the type F1 softgauges, have been developed. Special designed profiles can be used to check specification uncertainty and algebra calculation is used to lower method uncertainty. The results shown that specification uncertainties were main uncertainty contributors.


This paper develops an aspect of my doctoral thesis which focuses on the German reception of Giuseppe Verdi's Messa da Requiem. It analyzes the critique and commentary in German newspapers and music journals from the period of the fi rst performances in Austria, Germany and Switz erland (1874–78) and outlines two ways of working with a corpus of heterogeneous texts by mostly unknown authors: Metadata analysis helps to distinguish the diff erent scopes of music journals and newspapers, and a »horizontal reading« approach based on viewing the context of individual semantic entities in parallel gives insight into the spectrum of the reception in all sources together.


Abstract Background: Group psychotherapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder is an under-researched area. Aim: This report describes a mixed method evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of an Overcoming Worry Group. Method: The Overcoming Worry Group was a novel adaptation of a cognitive behavioural therapy protocol targeting intolerance-of-uncertainty for generalised anxiety disorder, tailored for delivery to older adults in a group setting (n = 13). Results: The adapted protocol was found to be acceptable and feasible, and treatment outcomes observed were encouraging. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study provides evidence for an Overcoming Worry Group as an acceptable and feasible group treatment for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder.


Courses: Business/Organizational Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Introduction to Communication, Interviewing Practices Objectives: Upon completion of this single class activity, students increase their communication competence by critically evaluating online impression formation specific to career-oriented computer-mediated communication. Students identify strategies for image management and practice assuming the role of a potential employer evaluating social media profiles.


F : Ezashi T. Cellular reprogramming to study intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental disorders. Abstract Introduction Many neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder syndromes have overlapping genetic and molecular connections. Effective treatments for such genetic neurodevelopmental disorders have not been established yet. Possible reasons include the lack of suitable disease models of human neurons and a limited understanding of the etiological and neuro-biological mechanisms of the brain. The reprogramming technology of somatic cells allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from the patients' fibroblasts that subsequently differentiate into neuronal cells carrying the genetic variations that cause the specific disorders. Investigation into monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders has proved advantageous in their analysis, and there are a number of successful reports that have been published. This approach has a promising potential, but some technical caveats need to be addressed like the variability observed between cell lines that emerge after reprogramming. Another challenge involves differentiating the reprogrammed cells into cell types that are implicated in the disease phenotypes, with minimum heterogeneity and variability. Modelling monogenic neurological disorders with genetic mutations has been successful and is considered as a basic tool for establishing functional human neurons to


Pregnancy marks an important milestone in the life cycle of a woman garnered by a milieu of physiological, psychological, emotional, social and even spiritual health needs [1]. Ensuring safe motherhoods and pregnancy outcomes for a healthy mother and a baby have become priorities for health policy makers and health care delivery models both in developed and developing country scenarios. Moreover, pregnancy denotes an opportune time for intergenerational investment in health outcomes. It is well known that physiological changes that are taking place during pregnancy could give rise to demanding psychological health concerns among pregnant women compounded by their social determinates such as i.e. level of education, marital status and satisfaction, level of income, parity, minority status, having health insurance, access to health care etc. [2]. Adverse life circumstances could contribute to negative psychological status of pregnant women such as stress, depression, anxiety and much more [3]. These could progress into sinister events such as post-partum depression and even to post-partum psychosis in the context of predisposing mental conditions [3].


To realize more functions of the micro projector,a kind of embedded control platform is designed based on ARM11,which supports WinCE 6.0 embedded operating system.This platform can realize hi-definition broadcast,support SSD with large capacity,and expand main application interfaces.With it,the micro projector has the main functions of Pocket PC,which makes it have rapid commercialization.


In the context of the growing coordination of labour market policies (LMP) implementation within the European Employment Strategy (EES), the Eurostat offers a harmonised database that intends to be a valuable instrument for international comparisons in the field. However, because its tight scope fails to include some important LMP measures, this database has been playing a small role on studies related with the EES as well on those broadly focusing on labour market and employment policies. This paper intends to address, by using meaningful LMP measures - tax credits in the UK, the prime pour l'emploi and general reductions of employers' social contributions in France -, the importance of having a more comprehensive database, while maintaining its current structure. For that we discuss the aims and the level of targeting defined by the Eurostat and we include, under this framework, an assessment of these measures to illustrate the limits of the database. We conclude that these policies - apparently fitting the broad objectives of the EES - are explicitly targeted to the labour market, aim at improving its efficiency and undoubtedly benefit particular groups. Moreover, they have an important impact in terms of participants and expenditure involved.


As more dams experience spillway flows from flood events, identification and analysis of erosion in auxiliary rock surface spillways has become a primary focus in maintaining dam integrity. The spillway erosion risk assessment developed for this research is based on parameters identified and discussed in previous research as the leading factors influencing spillway damage from erosion. Parameters applied in this analysis were channel geometry, stream hydrology, and geologic materials. Channel geometry is described by the length of spillway channel and slope of the spillway floor; stream hydrology is classified by the peak discharge and its duration; and geologic material is identified by its behavior in resisting erosion. The Sites Spillway Erosion Analysis (SSEA) was used to produce a risk assessment based on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers case histories. The risk assessment was used to classify and refine model uncertainties, an important advancement in evaluating spillway erosion. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ii ERDC/GSL TR-08-22 iii


In terms of accuracy, deep learning (DL) models have had considerable success in classification problems for medical imaging applications. However, it is well-known that the outputs of such models, which typically utilise the SoftMax function in the final classification layer can be over-confident, i.e. they are poorly calibrated. Two competing solutions to this problem have been proposed: uncertainty-aware training and evidential neural networks (ENNs). In this paper we perform an investigation into the improvements to model calibration that can be achieved by each of these approaches individually, and their combination. We perform experiments on two classification tasks: a simpler MNIST digit classification task and a more complex and realistic medical imaging artefact detection task using Phase Contrast Cardiac Magnetic Resonance images. The experimental results demonstrate that model calibration can suffer when the task becomes challenging enough to require a higher capacity model. However, in our complex artefact detection task we saw an improvement in calibration for both a low and higher capacity model when implementing both the ENN and uncertainty-aware training together, indicating that this approach can offer a promising way to improve calibration in such settings. The findings highlight the potential use of these approaches to improve model calibration in a complex application, which would in turn improve clinician trust in DL models.


The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, comprising a pyrimidine compound, a solvent and a non-fluorinated fluorinated solvent; and a lithium secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte.


We consider the formation of surface antisite defects on a previously proposed model for the GaSb(001)‐c(2 × 6) surface. Based on ab initio total energy calculations, we show how these defects stabilize the otherwise metallic surface and how their formation is driven by the excess charge associated with the Sb‐rich surface conditions. The surface‐sensitive optical technique of reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy is shown to be crucial for detecting the defects, and computation of spectra yields a good agreement with experiment when defects are included in the surface reconstruction.


development personnel will find it invaluable as they seek to become more effective in their practice. A Working Relationship should be suggested reading for all rehabilitation professionals and teachers. The paradigm shift maximizes the use of human potential from the service agency, the job seeker, and the business and results in mutual benefits to all involved. The "New Paradigm" can help redefine current services and introduce the new generation of job development and placement.


Petrogenetic implication of the rare earth elements (REEs) is essential to understand the formation history of a meteorite and its parent body. Jinju (a H5 observed fall on 2014) has a remarkably high porosity of 19.5 vol.% and numerous euhedral or subhedral vug-filling crystals that have been suggested as a result of vapor phase crystallization caused by impact [1]. In order to better understand the shock vaporization and metamorphism Jinju experienced, we studied the occurrences and measured REE abundances and Pb-Pb ages of merrillite, a major carrier of trace elements including U and REEs. Polished sections of Jinju were petrographically studied by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. REE abundances were measured with CAMECA 6f secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in the Meteorite Research Lab at SNU that was kindly donated by Samsung Electronics. The Pb-Pb ages were obtained by SHRIMP IIe and Laser MC-ICP (Nu Plasma II with New Wave Research 193nm ArF excimer Laser) at KBSI. Majority of previous SIMS measurements of REEs have been performed with conventional energy filtering method [e.g. 2], while high mass resolution (HMR) using a larger-magnet SIMS, i.e. SHRIMP was adapted by [3]. We applied HMR (mass resolving power of ~7000 at 10% peak height) to obtain REE abudances in merrillite of Jinju with a 6-10nA O primary beam of 15keV, which is focused onto a ~20-50 μm diameter on carbon coating thin section. Energy window of ~40 volt was used without energy offset. All the signals of secondary ions were collected by electron multiplier (EM) at peak jumping mode. NIST glass 611 [4] and Durango apatite [5] were standards for mass calibration and relative sensitivity factors. The merrillite Pb-Pb ages using the SHRIMP IIe were measured with a O2 primary beam of 4-7 nA intensity at peak jumping mode with an EM. Laser MC-ICP analyses were carried out with excimer laser of 5 Hz repetition rate and 2-3 J/cm energy density. The spot has a 15 μm diameter on the sample surface. Background intensities were measured for 35 s and dwell time and wash out time were set to 30 s and 15 s, respectively for each analysis. Terrestrial apatite grains were standards in both SHRIMP IIe and Laser MC-ICP measurements. In Jinju, only merrilite is observed as a phosphate mineral: there is no trace of apatite. The average modal abundances of merrillite is 0.55 vol.%, similar to the other equilibrated ordinary chondrites (EOCs) [6]. Note that the absence of apatite in phosphates has been reported in Watson 012 (H7, >S4) [7]. Jinju merrillite grains occur either interstitially or as euhedral to subhedral vug-filling crystals. The grain size varies up to ~300 μm. The REE abundances are homogeneous within our analytical uncertainties (10-30%). The REEs show almost unfractionated flat pattern of ~100-300 × CI chondrite, except Eu having negative anomaly (~40 × CI). Light REEs (~200 × CI) are slightly enriched relative to heavy REEs (~100 × CI). The abundance and pattern are similar to literature data in type 4-6 EOCs [6]. Weighted averages of the Pb-Pb ages obtained by SHRIMP IIe and Laser MC-ICP are 453335 (2) Ma and 450512 (2) Ma, respectively, and they fall at the youngest end of previously reported phosphate ages in EOCs [e.g. 8]. Jinju is an EOC (H5) having a high porosity and abundant vug-filling crystals. The shock stage was estimated as S3 or higher [1]. The homogenous REEs in the merrillite could be either results of impact event(s) or thermal metamorphism due to internal heat source, such as decay of Al. Considering relatively young age of Jinju merrilite, it is not supposed that enough Al was remained when the merrillite grains were equilibrated. If Jinju had been thermally metamorphed prior to the shock, it would be hard to explain high porosity and numerous vug-filling crystals. Thus as suggestd by [1], we conclude that Jinju H5 chondrite was neither equilibrated nor compacted prior to the impact event(s) and that the shock made not only major elements but also trace elements including REEs and U-Pb equilibrated.


In this work, the design methodology of the relaxation oscillator with the post-processing trimming option for frequency and temperature coefficient is presented. A novel oscillator core is introduced, which ensures good control linearity and insensitivity to CMOS variations of the output frequency as a prerequisite for frequency and temperature calibration. The proposed oscillator operates at 2 MHz and consumes typically about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{DD}=97.8\,\,\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the nominal temperature of 42.5°C and nominal supply voltage of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{DD}=1.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. The oscillator is verified experimentally with 10 samples manufactured in 180 nm CMOS process, each covering an area of 0.075 mm2. The frequency and temperature calibration was performed based on the two-point temperature measurements, resulting in a significant improvement in frequency stability. The temperature calibrated oscillator has a temperature variation ±0.30% in the temperature range from −40°C to 125°C, and the variation with the power supply ±0.07% in the supply range from 1.62 V to 1.98 V.


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on a common oversimplification in the presentation of one of the most basic concepts that we teach: the distinction between short run and long run in the theory of production. This paper illustrates how the terms "long run" and "short run" do not mean the same thing in demand and supply analysis they mean in the theory of production. In supply and demand analysis, short run and long run refer to the length of periods of chronological time. In the theory of production, the short run and long run refer to how time is used, not how much time is used. The long run refers to the planning process while the short run refers to operations. A survey of commonly available principles of economics textbooks reveals that this conceptual difference is not being taught. Albert Einstein instructed us to explain the complex as simply as possible, but no simpler. Oversimplification will at the very least rob a subject of richness, and at worst mislead. Economics is based upon simplifying assumptions, and part of the science is the avoidance of misleading oversimplification. The purpose of this paper is to point out a common oversimplification in the principles of economics course, involving one of the most basic concepts that we teach: the distinction between short run and long run in the theory of the firm. The common definitions of these terms are so well accepted that a survey of available texts shows uniformity in the use of the overly simple definition. We then offer a simple way to resolve the issue with an explanation that clears up the potential for confusion, is economically correct, and is intellectually fun. HOW THE "LONG RUN" AND "SHORT RUN" DIFFERS IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND VERSUS THE THEORY OF PRODUCTION The basic problem is that the terms "long run" and "short run" do not mean the same in demand and supply analysis as they mean in the theory of the firm. Unfortunately, none of the textbooks book we examined points this out. In supply and demand analysis, short run and long run refer to the length of periods of chronological time. In the theory of the firm, the short run and long run refer to how time is used as a resource, not how much time is used. In the long run firms plan; in the short run they operate the facility that they decided to install during their planning. Our examination of widely available principles texts (see Table 1) reveals that in supply and demand analysis, authors correctly explain that demand is more elastic in the long run than in the short run because decision makers have more time to adjust to changes in prices. Similarly on the supply side, supply is more elastic in the long run than in the short run, again, because decision makers have more time to adjust. So, we give the students the clear and correct instruction that we are referring to the length of periods of chronological time. Without proper explanation, students naturally think that the terms "long run" and "short run" in the theory of the firm are once again referring to chronological time as was the case in supply and demand analysis. In fact, many texts appear to reinforce misunderstanding when they explain that the short run is a period so short that only the variable factors of production can be varied as is the case in the standard Q = F (K,L) total product function, when only L can be varied in the short run. The implication is that K cannot be varied because there isn't enough time. A FIRM CAN BE SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE LONG RUN AND THE SHORT RUN Two Ironies Flow from this Discussion First, the long run can occupy a much shorter period of chronological time than the short run. An example that is both familiar and instructive is McDonalds. All students have been in a McDonalds restaurant, many of them hundreds of times. They can see the capital and the labor in a short run setting. They cannot see the long run planning, but that can be described: To establish a new McDonald's franchise, the franchisee works with planners from corporate headquarters to estimate demand, and, in turn, the size, shape and equipment that will maximize profits for the firm. …


More than 1650000 employees work in the Republic of Bashkortostan, and in recent years there has been a sharp increase in complaints from employees and employers to the judicial authorities on issues related to occupational pathology and aptitude. The analysis of 179 court cases related to occupational pathology in the Republic of Bashkortostan, in which the Institute's specialists participated as experts, was carried out. The majority of court cases are related to the refusal of an employee to establish an occupational disease; compensation for damage caused to health as a result of an occupational disease and compensation for non-pecuniary damage, the employer's refusal to recognize the case of occupational disease, the establishment of occupational disease in the long-term post-contact period, etc. Conducting an expert examination requires a thorough analysis of the situation, studying all available documentation, since an error in making a conclusion can lead to incorrect, disproportionate assignment of damage and moral damage.


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 236 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from 2002-2008 was conducted.Results Solid thyroid nodules or cystic-solid nodules were found in 225 patients(95.53%) by B-ultrasonography(BUS) preoperatively,among them,micro-calcification within nodules was found in 78 cases(33.05%).B ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 81 cases,and had positive rate of 87.65%.Intraoperative frozen section was examined in 221 cases,among which 208 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed,a positive rate of 94.11%.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed lymph node metastasis in 68 cases(28.81%).Partial thyridectomy was performed in 15 cases,ipsilateral lobectomy in 44 cases,and radical resection in 177 cases.In 25 cases who was misdiagnosed before operation,and correct diagnosis was comfiromed by pathological examination after partial resection or ipsilateral lobectomy,then a secondary or more surgical procedures were performed,with residual cancer rate of 56.0%(14/25).Conclusions BUS finding of thyroid nodules containing micro-calcification has important significance for thyroid cancer diagnosis,and in combination with B ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy could significantly improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis is an important method for confirmation of thyroid cancer.Ipsilateral total lobectomy+ isthmectomy+ contralateral subtotal lobectomy+ selective neck dissection is the main surgical method for thyroid cancer.For misdidanosed cases,a secondary operation should be performed as early as possible.


This review attempts to focus on the Epidemic of fear and its causes and effects on the people during the pandemic situation. Primarily the aim was to understand the psychological concept of the origination of fear due to epidemic or pandemic situations. Several theories and researches helped in explaining the underlying roots of the epidemics of fear and the behavioral changes in a person due to this. Through previous researches, a better understanding of the ways to prevent the fear of spreading among us is presented in this paper. Several types of researches and articles were studied that acted as the pillars of this paper reflect on the causes of the epidemic of fear.


Germinated greengram, cowpea and chickpea were studied for chemical characteristics after cooking, by estimating the changes in phytins, Ca++, Mg++ and pectin contents. Cooking time was drastically reduced on germination in chickpea, while an inverse effect was observed in greengram and cowpea. The phytin content decreased on germination. No appreciable change in phytin P/Total P value was seen on cooking. Ca++ content was reduced on germination and cooking in the three legumes, while Mg++ content was relatively unaltered. A combined interaction of these chemical parameters, expressed as "PCMP number" was found to correlate with the cooking behavior of the legumes studied.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is the internetworking of terminal physical devices depends on application programming interfaces and sensors to be connected to the Internet for collecting and exchanging data. According to the characteristics of IoT, it can provide rich services for the terminal user. However, the centralized cloud computing-based storage architecture in IoT faces many challenges, such as data security, identity privacy, and high latency. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces an IoT network storage architecture based on mobile edge computing, which not only achieves low-latency message response and computation offloading of the terminal user but also preserves identity-privacy of the terminal user. Afterward, we presented a novel non-interactive pairing-free ID-based proxy re-signature scheme (ID-PRS), which is a kernel technique to construct the aforementioned storage architecture. Compared with most of proxy re-signature schemes constructed based on traditional public-key-infrastructure, the proposed scheme avoids expensive pairing operation and intricate certificate-maintenance. And it is demonstrated to be provably secure under the classic security assumptions: integer factoring problem and the RSA assumption. Finally, in contrast to the other two ID-PRS schemes, the proposed ID-PRS scheme has more advantages in terms of security, functionability, and computation costs. Thus, it is very suitable to be applied to the resource-constrained mobile users.


Objective In order to analyze the course of psychological transformation and adaptation of the freshmen in an ethnic minority medical college so as to improve the students' enthusiasm for learning and remove negative effects by investigating the motivation and affecting factors for choosing medicine as a major as well as the students' study and living.Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted among all the year 2006 ethnic minority medical freshmen;the questions involved college studying and living,reasons for choosing medicine as a major,study methods and motivation,individual goal,and ideal occupation in the future.Results Of the medical freshmen surveyed,97 percent of them could quickly adapt themselves to the new environment,91.7 percent had their definite goals of studying,and 78.3 percent hoped to pursue medical profession.Conclusion Education for medical freshmen should attach importance to and know each student's characteristics,conduct guidance and education in order to help them adapt themselves to medical education as soon as possible.


In this work we present a scenario in which a nonstandard interaction in neutrino propagation can explain the three major tensions in the neutrino oscillation data at present. These tensions are: (i) a non-zero best-fit value of the non-standard oscillation parameters in the the global analysis of the solar and KamLAND data which rules out the standard oscillation scenario at $90\%$ C.L, (ii) the measurement of the non-maximal value of $\theta_{23}$ by NO$\nu$A which excludes the maximal mixing at $2.5 \sigma$ C.L. and (iii) a discrepancy in the $\theta_{13}$ measurement by T2K which has a tension with the reactor best-fit value of $\sin^2\theta_{13}=0.021$ at $90\%$ C.L. Our results show that all these three above mentioned anomalies can be explained if one assumes the existence of the non-standard interactions in neutrino propagation with $\theta_{23}=45^\circ$ and $\sin^2\theta_{13}=0.021$ in the case of normal hierarchy. In our scenario the phase of $\epsilon_{e\tau}$ is zero and the most favorable value of the Dirac CP phase is approximately $255^\circ$.


Collaborative learning has been shown to be conducive to better and deeper learning for particular tasks, but is dependent on a number of factors, including how students are grouped together. We are interested in finding out whether data captured from students working individually and/or collaboratively can reveal useful information about the impact of the grouping conditions on learning. We explore whether these findings can be detected early on (possibly, before students start working in groups). If such information can be reliably captured, then it could be used to drive group formation dynamically and at a large scale. This paper presents our initial visual exploration with two case studies: one from a first-year programming course (N = 372) where students alternately worked individually and in pairs; and another (N = 60) from a concept-mapping environment where students first worked individually and then in groups.


For stylized characteristics such as leptokurtic and fat tail for financial return series,this paper uses ARMA - GARCH to model conditional return and volatility,and then uses POT in extreme value theory to model standard return and fit excess by GPD to get VaR.Because of non - robustness of GPD parameters of MLE,The paper uses three methods of robust estimation:minimum density power divergence,median and likelihood moment to fit GPD.The dynamic back inspection shows that using robust methods to estimate GPD parameters can get more robust and more precise VaR estimation.


AbstractMany regional forecasting models struggle to simulate low-lying strong temperature inversions. To understand this apparent deficit for forecast improvements, a case study of a strong inversion occurring in the Bay of Biscay on 27 January 2003 is conducted. The event was characterized by extensive stratocumulus cloud cover beneath an extensive high pressure system in combination with a particularly strong inversion of 10–12 K at an altitude of 500–800 m. Simulations were performed at 2- and 12-km horizontal resolutions, with 60 vertical levels (13 levels within the first 1000 m), and with lead times of 12–72 h. The simulations were validated using in situ radiosonde and satellite data. Besides large-scale subsidence, turbulent vertical mixing is a key dynamical process for the formation of nocturnal inversions. Sensitivities to parameters for vertical mixing (the minimum threshold for eddy diffusivity and the turbulence length scale) are investigated. Results presented herein show the planetary bou...


We have previously shown that the binding to cells of a monoclonal antibody directed against the chick neural retina N-acetylgalactosaminylphospho-transferase (GalNAcPTase) results in inhibition of cad-herin-mediated adhesion and neurite outgrowth. We hypothesized that the antibody mimics the action of an endogenous ligand. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potential ligands because they inhibit adhesion and neurite outgrowth and are present in situ at barriers to neuronal growth. We therefore assayed purified CSPGs for their ability to inhibit homophilic cad-herin-mediated adhesion and neurite outgrowth, as well as their ability to bind directly to the Gal-NAcPTase. A proteoglycan with a 250-kD core protein following removal of chondroitin sulfate chains (250-kD PG) inhibits cadherin-mediated adhesion and neu-rite outgrowth whether presented as the core protein or as a proteoglycan monomer bearing chondroitin sul-fate. A proteoglycan with a 400-kD core protein is not inhibitory in either core protein or monomer form. Treatment of cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, which removes cell surface Gal-NAcPTase, abolishes this inhibitory effect. Binding of the 250-kD core protein to cells is competed by the anti-GalNAcPTase antibody 1Bll, suggesting that 1Bll and the 250-kD core protein bind to the same site or in close proximity. Moreover, soluble GalNAcPTase binds to the immobilized 250-kD core protein but not to the immobilized 400-kD core protein. Concomitant with inhibition of cadherin mediated adhesion, binding of the 250-kD core protein to the GalNAcPTase on cells results in the enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of [3-catenin and the uncoupling of N-cadherin from its association with the cytoskeleton. Moreover, the 250-kD PG is present in embryonic chick retina and brain and is associated with the GalNAcPTase in situ. We conclude that the 250-kD PG is an endogenous ligand for the GalNAcPTase. Binding of the 250-kD PG to the GalNAcPTase initiates a signal cascade, involving the tyrosine phosphorylation of [3-catenin, which alters the association of cadherin with the actin-containing cy-toskeleton and thereby inhibits adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Regulation of the temporal and spatial expression patterns of each member of the GalNacPTase/ 250-kD PG interactive pair may create opportunities for interaction that influence the course of development through effects on cadherin-based morphogenetic processes. T hE complex patterns of cell movements during mor-phogenesis are presumably guided by, and reflected in, the temporal and spatial patterns of expression of adhesion molecules. However, adhesion molecule function may also be regulated to create temporal and spatial patterns guiding morphogenetic rearrangements. One potential regulator of adhesion molecule …


The contents of mineral elements,amino acids,crude protein,polysaccharide,fat,ash and crude fiber in the wild and cultured fruiting bodies of Tricholoma giganteum were analyzed and compared.The results showed that except crude protein,the contents of mineral elements,amino acids,fat and ash,polysaccharide and crude fiber in wild fruiting bodies were less lower than those in cultured fruiting bodies.


Associations are the forms of cooperation and collaboration community which are based on contract or constitution.As one kind of association,college association has double requirements of college and association,at the same time,this kind of requirement is based on the relevance of it inside,while the relevance of college association and cooperation spirit is the most important one,and we can say,this relevance construct the requirement of college association.This article related to this level of research and look forward to that conclusion of the study: the cooperation spirit of the college student who is the member of college association is better than who never be the member.And at last reduce to the suggestion of this study: to create the conditions for higher vocational institutions,association will be formally incorporated into school teaching system.


OBJECTIVE To study the effects of enhancers on the transdermal delivery of oxaprozin.METHODS The penetration ra te of oxaprozin through rat skin in vitro was measured using Valia-Chien di ffusion cell.RESULTS The enhancers and different concentrati ons of laurocapram(Azone) 1%,3%,5%,10% improved the transdermal delivery of o xaprozin.CONCLUSION The transdermal delivery of oxaprozin wa s improved which related to the concentrations of laurocapram.


This article examines the image of a political leader within the framework of the sociology of communication and the sociology of management. It is proved that this concept can be attributed to social phenomena that extend their influence on many aspects of public life. The authors analyses this phenomenon from the point of view of the use of technologies for its formation, and also investigate the place of the image of a political leader in social reality and the nature of his interactions with public institutions. The relevance of this problem is also considered precisely in the conditions of digitalization and informatization of modern society.


Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on power supply lines is caused by the switching current flowing through parasitic inductances at the chip-package-pin interface. A new formulation for SSN in CMOS circuits that includes the velocity saturation effects seen in the short-channel MOSFETs is derived. The effect of skewing output voltage switching among different drivers on SSN is studied. SSN of ASICs when used in single-chip printed wiring board and multichip module environments are discussed.


The social and economic scene of Italy underwent many upheavals during the centuries of the Jewish presence there. The political regime changed from a republic to a dictatorship. Jews rarely participated in these political and military events, though the participation of the local Jews in the defense of Naples against the Byzantine general Belisar belies this generalization with regard to the alleged total pacific attitude of the Jewish population. Diocletian inaugurated a comprehensive socio-economic reform of the Roman Empire, which went a long way toward chaining the population to their occupation. It has been suggested that these taxes were instrumental in creating a state monopoly in most areas of production and trade and to have caused them to be transferred to the provinces, so that some have concluded that this left the trade in luxury articles the only free one, and furthermore, that this trade was predominantly Jewish.Keywords: Byzantine; Italy; Jewish presence; military event; Roman Empire; socio-economic reform; taxation


Classification of videos based on its content is one of the challenging and significant research problems. In this paper, a simple and efficient model is proposed for classification of sports videos using deep learned convolution neural networks. In the proposed research, the gray scale variants of image frames are employed for classification process through convolution technique at varied levels of abstraction by adapting it through a sequence of hidden layers. The image frames considered for classification are obtained after the duplicate frame elimination and each frame is further rescaled to dimension 120x240. The sports videos categories used for experimentation include badminton, football, cricket and tennis which are downloaded from various sources of google and YouTube. The classification in the proposed method is performed with Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNN) with around 20 filters each of size 5x5 with around stride length of2 and its outcomes are compared with Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Bag of Words Features (BWF) technique. The SURF features are extracted from the BWF technique and further 80% of strongest feature points are employed for clustering the image frames using K-Means clustering technique with an average accuracy achieved of about 87% in classification. The LBF technique had produced an average accuracy of 73% in differentiating one image frame to other whereas the DCNN had shown a promising outcome with accuracy of about 91% in case of 40% training and 60% test datasets, 99% accuracy in case of 60% training an 40% test datasets. The results depict that the proposed method outperforms the image processing-based techniques LBP and BWF.


Visible Light Communication (VLC) Technology is the short range optical wireless communication technology using LEDs for communication and illumination. In this paper, we propose the improvement of the repeater system for visible light communication. Not just to extend the coverage, but also to transfer file and to increase the communication speed. Our proposed repeater system is composed of hardware and software components. The transmitter opens, splits, and sends a file with RS-232 serial communication interface. The byte data type is converted into light signal data type by using the on-off keying modulation (OOK) technique and is transmitted via LED. The repeater receives light signal data by photodiode then transmits it out again. With this method, light signal is amplified at each repeater. The receiver converts light signal data back into byte data and combines each set of bytes together, then the file can be saved by the user. This multi-hop communication gives more flexibility in communication because it helps to increase the distance between transmitter terminal and receiver terminal. Moreover, it also helps to avoid obstacle objects, such as walls, because VLC is a Line-of-Sight (LOS) technology. This system is improved from our previous system in terms of the number of sending character and the communication speed.


Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) is identified as anintracellular DNA receptor playing important roles in immunity. However, the mechanisms of how TLR9 regulates host defense are unclear. B1 cells are aninnate-like B cell population predominately residing in peritoneum and highly express TLR9. Therefore, we hypothesize that TLR9 may regulate host defense via modulation of peritoneal B1 pathobiology during sepsis.

 C57BL/6 (WT) mice and TLR9−/− mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with for 18 hours.

 Deletion of TLR9 increased survival as well as decreased bacterial load and systemic inflammation after CLP. Interestingly, peritoneal B1 cell numbers were significantly higher in TLR9−/− than WT mice, associated with significant increases of peritoneal CXCL13 level in TLR9−/− miceat baseline and after CLP. Strikingly, the expression level of CXCL13, a B cell-attracting chemokine, in the mesenteric adipo tissue was 50 fold higher inTLR9−/− than WT mice after CLP. Treatment with CXCL13 neutralizing antibody impaired bacterial clearance and decreased peritoneal B1 cell numbersin TLR9−/− mice compared to the IgG control after CLP, suggesting that TLR9 regulated B1 cell recruitment via CXCL13. Furthermore, deletion of TLR9 significantly increased peritoneal natural antibody IgM levels compared to WT at baseline and after CLP. Importantly, adoptive transfer of TLR9−/−B1 cells to WT mice improved bacterial clearance and increased peritoneal IgM levels compared to adoptive transfer of WT B1 cells after CLP.

 These findings revealed an unrecognized role of TLR9 in modulating host defense via regulating B1 cell recruitment and IgM production during intra-abdominal sepsis.


Summary Self Injurious Behaviour (SIB) refers to behaviour in which individuals attempt to self inflict physical damage to their tissues. It is a most disturbing behaviour to observe and one which is difficult to manage. This paper presents a functional analysis of the antecedents and consequences of the SIB of an intellectually retarded 17 year old male subject. The findings from a series of observations carried out are discussed in the light of three postulated theories of why individuals self injure. In conclusion recommendations are made as to the direction future research might take and also how staff working with the subject of this study might attempt to ameliorate his SIB.


The author began by stating, that during a calm, when the rain-drop was under the influence of the centripetal force only, the form and position of the rain-gauge were unimportant. The case, however, was widely different when the drop was likewise influenced by wind, for then any object raised above the surface, such as a rain-gauge projecting three or four feet from the ground, occasioned deflections and eddies, whereby the regular fall of the rain into the collector was prevented. The Author then recommended, that in all cases the gauge should be placed on the ground, with its mouth on a level with a regularly trimmed grass plot, so as to prevent eddies and evaporation.


In this study, we focus on the effect of the crystal orientation of TiO2 on the optical absorption and ground-state energy levels in systems comprising CdSe quantum dots (QDs) adsorbed on the (001) and (102) surfaces of anatase-TiO2 (A-TiO2) (quantum dot-sensitization system). The optical absorption characteristics indicate that the crystal growth shows the orientation dependence of the A-TiO2 surface. Firstly, the adsorption rate of CdSe QDs on A-TiO2(001) with adsorption time is higher than that on A-TiO2(102) in agreement with our density functional theory calculations ((001) ≫ (101) > (102)). Secondly, the rate at which the diameter of the CdSe QDs increases with adsorption time on A-TiO2(001) is lower than that on A-TiO2(102), indicating the existence of higher negative crystal growth (dissolve) on the former. The ground-state energy levels of CdSe QDs on A-TiO2(102) are lower than those on A-TiO2(001), indicating the difference between the permittivities of different surfaces of A-TiO2. The energy l...


After felicitous remarks about the occasion, Dr. Farrell stated that the Ivory Tower in the title of the address did not refer to the tower which dominates Perkins Institution, but to the use of that term by a French Saint over a hundred years ago to designate a sense of detachment or withdrawal from the melee of life to a more serene place for observation and reflection.


【Objective】To evaluate the value of flexible electron-assisted thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of pleural effusions of unknown causes and to analyze the etiopathogenesis.【Methods】The results of flexible electron-assisted thoracoscopy in 285 patients with the pleural effusions of unknown causes and biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.【Results】The diagnoses were determined in 269 of the 285 patients by flexible electron-assisted thoracoscopy and pathological biopsy with positive rate of 94.39%.Tuberculosis(89.66%) was more common in youth group;pleural tumors(63.44%) were frequent in middle and old-aged groups.Metastatic pleural tumors were characterized by scattered sarcoidosis and mass on parietal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura,but fibrinous adhesion was very rare.pleural mesothelioma manifested as diffused pleural congestion and thickening,and scattered sarcoidosis and mass on the parietal pleura.Tuberculous pleuritis presented miliary tubercles on the basis of diffused congestive and thickening parietal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura,in some parts cheesy necrosis could be found,fibrinous adhesion was common,the foci the most significantly distributed on posterior and lower parietal pleura and costophrenic angle.Non-specific inflammation included diffuse congestion,edema and thickening of parietal pleura.【Conclusion】Flexible electron-assisted thoracoscopy plays an important role in diagnosing pleural effusions of unknown causes,its operation is very easy without serious complications,patients' compliance is very well.


The addition of a few percent of Al to the Mn4Si alloy improved the perfection of the octagonal quasicrystal and made it possible for us to determine its point group symmetry as being 8/m or 8/mmm by convergent beam electron diffraction.


The place of religion and how it should be employed in education for citizenship is currently an issue in Europe. The challenges of increasing diversity are the underlying factors. The conception of maximal citizenship (a critical model of citizenship) gives a significant framework for analysis and scholarly perspectives about several European contexts on this matter. However, there is hardly maximal citizenship in Finnish contexts in scholarship. Hence, this work searches for the elements of maximal citizenship in educational policy for young people by employing the policy relating to citizenship in Finnish religious education (RE). Focusing on grades 7–9 of basic education, its primary data is based on selected national policy documents. The data were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The main findings suggest that citizenship in Finnish RE is only somewhat compatible with the characteristics of maximal citizenship. This reveals some policy shortcomings that could negatively affect the potential of critical-mindedness of young people and equal opportunities in a democracy. Hence, some suggestions that could improve the situation are embedded in the paper. Nevertheless, a linguistic conception of citizenship in Finland vis-à-vis a recent development in national educational policy seems to push the conception of maximal citizenship in a relatively new direction. Furthermore, an explicit use of the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" in Finnish curriculum broadens our conception of maximal citizenship in general. Moreover, while scholars agree that maximal citizenship is essentially "critical", this piece suggests that every "critical" approach to citizenship education is not necessarily "maximal".


The Dust ballerina skirt is a set of well defined streams composed of nanometric sized dust particles that escape from the Jovian system and may be accelerated up to ≥200 km/s. The source of this dust is Jupiter's moon Io, the most volcanically active body in the Solar system. The escape of dust grains from Jupiter requires first the escape of these grains from Io. This work is basically devoted to explain this escape given that the driving of dust particles to great heights and later injection into the ionosphere of Io may give the particles an equilibrium potential that allow the magnetic field to accelerate them away from Io. The grain sizes obtained through this study match very well to the values required for the particles to escape from the Jovian system.


In Estate of McKelvey v. Commissioner, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals adopted the IRS's position that probability analysis should be employed to deter-mine that the taxpayer's particular performance under the terms of a financial instrument was "virtually certain." However, the IRS had steadfastly refused to promulgate regulations that, under a statutory delegation of authority to issue regulations to interpret and enforce the statute, could have administratively imposed that out-come.

Instead, by employing what are commonly referred to as "phantom regulations," the Second Circuit judicially mandated that result. The Panel's decision effectively bypassed application of the Administrative Procedure Act's notice and comment requirements. More significantly, it permitted the IRS to avoid its responsibility to issue regulations and, thereby, deprived the public, and the taxpayer, of the expertise and professionalism of the IRS rulemaking process.


The article examines the dynamics of the Lithuanian climate in the 18th–20th centuries. Evaluation of air temperature, precipitation amount and the intensity of cyclonic circulation during the observation period was made. Seasonal trends of different climatological indices were determined. To predict climate change trends in Lithuania in the 21st century, the outputs of Global Climate Model (GCM) experiments from five modelling centres were used. The results of investigation show that current climate change tendencies in Lithuania will remain in the future: against the background of air temperature rise the continentality of the Lithuanian climate will decrease.


The recent wide clinical use of ephedrine has led a number of chemists to synthesize its homologs and isomers in the hope that some of them might possess the same physiological action and might eventually be used as substitutes for ephedrine. The present writers have studied and compared from the pharmacological side a series of 24 compounds, including 6 optical isomers of ephedrine. All these compounds may be considered as derivatives of β-phenylethylamine having the general formula C6H5.CHH'.CHR.NR'R", where H'= H or OH, and R. R'and R'= H or alkyl radicals, respectively. The investigation included the pressor action in animals and in men, the mydriatic action in animals, the astringent property on the human nasal mucous membrane, the action on the isolated intestines and uterus and on the frog's heart, and the toxicity in rabbits. It was found that the primary amines are most, while the tertiary amines are least, active, the secondary amines being intermediate. The pressor action diminishes with the increase in the number of C-atoms in the alkyl groups R, R'and R", and in several instances is changed to a depressor action. The introduction of an OH group on the β-C-atom from the amino radical reduces the activity of the substance. The presence of a methyl, or ethyl group at R, when R'= H or CH2 and R" = H. confers on that compound a more prolonged pressor action. The toxicity is higher in primary amines than in secondary and tertiary amines. It increases with the increase in the number of C-atoms in the alkyl groups R. R'and R". The introduction of an OH group on the β-C-atom reduces the toxicity. The depressant action on the frog's heart runs parallel to the toxicity. The majority of these compounds contract the congested nasal mucosa in men. Of the optical isomers of ephedrine, the l-form is 3 times as strong as the d-form and d-pseudoephedrine 7 times as strong as the l-pseudoephedrine as determined by their pressor action in pithed cats. Both l-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine occur in nature. The above results may offer a chemical explanation of the typical action of ephedrine, and suggest the synthesis of new compounds which may posses the clinical advantages of both ephedrine anti epinephrine.


This paper reviews the recent research progress on the utilization of natural drugs against nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD)and alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD). A total of 122 species of natural drugs, confined to the effective extracts of single herbal or animal drug and the active single natural products, were summarized and categorized as alkaloids,total flavonoids and total phenolics,single phenolics, terpenoids and steroids, total glycosides and total esters, amino acids and heterocycles, polysaccharides and proteoglycans, polypeptides/glycopeptides and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, coumarins and phenomens, single herbal drug, animal and fungus drugs. The future tendency of new natural drug research and development against NAFLD and AFLD is also discussed and some afforded suggestions were provided.


This paper describes a purely optical technique for measuring and spatially mapping out stress and rigidity in thin membranes. Its application to a membrane of aluminum nitride that has significant spatial nonuniformities in its elastic properties demonstrates the method. The attractive features of this technique--fast, noncontacting measurement, good spatial resolution, ability to quantify in-plane anisotropy--make it potentially useful for characterizing elements of microelectromechanical structures, masks for advanced lithography systems, acoustic filters, and other devices in which the mechanical properties of membranes are important.


A small series of COD (crack opening displacement) specimens has been tested to examine the relationship between clip gauge reading (V sub G) and the crack tip COD. The crack tip COD was monitored photographically and also calculated using several current relationships. The results show that the crack tip COD values calculated from the equations recommended in the draft standard on COD testing give optimistic predictions at low COD values. A more recently advanced equation fits the observed results more closely. (Author)


Technological characteristics of the Pilger pipe mill is analyzed, elements responsible for metal yield of the mill identified, and approach to enhancing the said yield proposed.


Through studying on the geological characters and the rules of ores formationin area of Wulong gold mine,the gold mine bed in ore area and some other gold ore body around it became better gold ore body on the conditions of some geology evironment,and summaried seven sign of looking for blind ore body.It was possible to help looking for blind ore body.


Letter, subject titled: "Woodley Lease, Settegast Property and Blakely Farm, in John W. Foster 2 1/2 League's Grant, Fort Bend County," from I. H. Kempner to D. W. Kempner, R. Lee Kempner and Associates discussing the acquiring of 3,000 acres of leased land to the Woodley Petroleum Company under the Sugarland Industries. In the top left of the letter a handwritten note reads: "DWK for your files IHK."


ObjectiveTo assess the effect of brief behavioral treatment(BBTI) with sleep hygiene education on sleep and the level of physical activity in adults with chronic insomnia.MethodsSeventy adult patients with chronic in somnia were assigned to either intervention group(IG, n=35) or control group(CG, n=35). Intervention group received 4-session BBTI plus sleep hygiene education in 2 face-to-face intervention sessions and 2 telephone calls whereas control group received 4-session sleep hygiene education only. Outcomes including International physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), Fatigue Scale(FS-14) and Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale(DBAS) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 4th week treatment.ResultsThe re peated-measure multivariate analyses of variance showed significant interaction effects between treatment group and time in PSQI, ESS, FS-14 and DBSA(all P0.05). The total physical activity level was significantly improved in IG than in CG [(0.43±0.51) vs.(0.03±0.17), P0.05].ConclusionBBTI is an effective intervention to improve the sleep and physi cal activity for chronic insomnia.


The friction stir spot welding of 3 mm thick sheets of 2A14 aluminum alloy and 3 mm thick sheets of TC4 titanium alloy was conducted using tool with cylindrical pin. The influences of welding process parameters on the tensile shear properties and surface topography joints of friction stir spot welding were investigated under various process parameters of spot welding joints surface morphology observation and shear tensile test。 The results show that:within the scope of the experiment, with the increase of tool rotation speed, the tool penctration depth,and welding time, the surface shaping becomes better. When process parameters increase too large,the surface shaping gradually becomes poor again. With the increase of tool rotation speed, the tool Penctration depth,welding time, the tensile shear increasesm first, and then reduces. The tensile shear tests show that optimized friction stir spot welding process parameters is that when the rotary speed reaches 950r/min and pressed shoulder depth 0.3mm with the holding time 9s, the surface topography of spot-welded joint is good, and the maximum shear strength of the welded joint can be realized and the maximum shear strength is 7.262 k N.


A propulsion module has been developed to complement the traditional buoyancy driven gliders and be named hybrid driven underwater gliders (HDUG). And the maneuverability and adaptability to shallow coastal waters and current regions are significantly improved thanks to the configuration of the propulsion module. Currently, the propulsion module used in the hybrid gliders mainly include propellers (folding propellers, ducted propellers), water-jet propulsion module. This paper takes the "Sea Eagle-II" hybrid driven glider as an example, using MATLAB open source software-Openprop designed the folding propeller and ducted propeller. Based on the simulation of FLUENT, we compared and analyzed the drag performance in different propulsion configuration. And combined with the power consumption of the propulsion module to determine the best propulsion form for the Sea Eagle-II.


The invention discloses the method that a kind of direct, liquid phase, low temperature synthesize black phosphorus nanometer sheet, belong to black phosphorus two-dimensional material technical field.This method is loaded white phosphorus and ethylenediamine, after white phosphorus is completely dissolved, reactor is sealed, is placed in being heated to 60 140 DEG C, 12 hours of constant temperature in baking oven in a kettle. by the method for solvent heat.After question response stops, you can obtaining the black phosphorus nanometer sheet of pure phase.The present invention is simple to operate, with low cost, is easy to industrial mass production, and prepared black phosphorus nanometer sheet has purity high, and the advantages of yield is 70% can be widely applied to the fields such as photoelectric device, catalysis.


The young 21st century has already witnessed two major military engagements of the United States which present a dramatic contrast in almost all aspects of their execution. The war in Afghanistan was the direct result of the attacks of 11 September 2001, which could very plausibly be linked to perpetrators present on Afghan soil and against whom the de facto government of Afghanistan proved unwilling or unable to act. The invocation of the collective defence mechanism of Article 5 of the Washington Treaty by the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) reflected the general understanding that an armed attack in the meaning of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter had occurred against which individual and collective self-defence was legitimate. This position was quickly endorsed by the Security Council.


Some patients hospitalized with acute COVID19 suffer respiratory symptoms that persist for many months. To characterize the local and systemic immune responses associated with this form of long COVID, we delineated the immune and proteomic landscape in the airway and peripheral blood of normal volunteers and patients from 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. The bronchoalveolar lavage (but not peripheral blood) proteome was abnormal in patients with post-COVID19 lung disease with significantly elevated concentration of proteins associated with apoptosis, tissue repair and epithelial injury. This correlated with an increase in cytotoxic lymphocytes (especially tissue resident CD8+ T cells), lactate dehydrogenase and albumin (biomarkers of cell death and barrier integrity). Follow-up of a subset of these patients greater than 1-year post-COVID19 indicated these abnormalities resolved over time. Collectively, these data indicate that COVID-19 results in a prolonged change to the airway immune landscape in those with persistent lung disease, with evidence of cell death and tissue repair linked to ongoing activation of cytotoxic T cells.


PURPOSE
Following the development of a service that consisted of a "single point of contact" to coordinate end-of-life care (EoLC), including EoLC facilitators and an urgent response team, we aimed to explore whether the provision of coordinated EoLC would support patients being cared or dying in their preferred place and avoid unwanted hospital admissions.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
Using a realist evaluation approach, the authors examined "what worked for whom, how, in what circumstances and why". Multiple data were collected, including activity/performance indicators, observations of management meetings, documents, satisfaction survey and 30 interviews with service providers and users.

FINDINGS
Advance care planning (ACP) increased through the first three years of the service (from 45% to 83%) and on average 74% of patients achieved preferred place of death. More than 70% of patients avoided an emergency or unplanned hospital admission in their last month of life. The mechanisms and context identified as driving forces of the service included: 7/7 single point of contact; coordinating services across providers; recruiting and developing the workforce; understanding and clarifying new roles; and managing expectations.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS
This was a service evaluation and the outcomes are related to the specific context and mechanisms. However, findings can be transferable to similar settings.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
"Single point of contact" services that offer coordinated EoLC can contribute in supporting people to be cared and die in their preferred place.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
This paper provides an evaluation of a novel approach to EoLC and creates a set of hypotheses that could be further tested in similar services in the future.


The present invention is machining process of gear box casing for TM type centrifugal compressor, and belongs to the field of metal machining technology. The gear box casing consists of one upper casing and one lower casing mainly. The lower casing is machined through fine milling the bottom, drilling hole, machining the combining surfaces, sides and holes, washing, oiling and other steps; the upper casing is machined through fine milling the combining surfaces, drilling holes, fine boring the bearing holes, cleaning, oiling and other steps. The present invention has simple machining process, low production cost, high machining precision and other advantages.


The daily life of photosynthetic plants revolves around sugar manufacturing, transport, storage and utilization, and the complex sucrose (Suc) metabolic and signaling networks integrate internal regulators and environmental cues to govern and sustain plant growth and survival. Suc metabolism plays crucial roles in plant development mainly by generating a range of sugar signaling molecules such as Suc itself, glucose (Glc) and trehalose- 6-phosphate (T6P). Sugars not only fuel cellular carbon and energy metabolism but also play pivotal roles as signaling molecules. Sugars have a central regulatory function in steering plant growth. This review having information presented in the past years on key players in sugar-mediated plant growth regulation, with emphasis on hexokinase, Snf1-related kinase 1, and target of rapamycin kinase regulatory systems, trehalose 6-phosphate.


In this paper We present a new type of robot hand structure—a robot extrative hand.It improves the statusof being forced on the hand of robot.Its instructure is compactive nad loa-bearing capacity is larger,so it hasthe spread value in application within certain limits.


2019 Sessional Calendar (First Session, 30th Legislature) Unless otherwise ordered, the Assembly shall meet on the dates shown in yellow as follows: Mondays from 1:30 to 6:00 pm; Tuesdays from 10:00 am to noon and 1:30 to 6:00 pm; Wednesdays from 9:00 am to noon and 1:30 to 6:00 pm; and Thursdays from 9:00 am to noon and 1:30 to 4:30 pm. The Spring or Fall Sitting of the Assembly may be shortened or extended by passage of a motion which shall be decided without debate or amendment (Standing Order 3(9)).


On November 3, 1906, at the 37th Meeting of South-West German Psychiatrists, Dr. Alois Alzheimer, reported on "a peculiar severe disease process of the cerebral cortex". The disease with which he is associated has continued to elude a cure and is forecast to afflict one in eighty-five persons globally by 2050. Health care providers, researchers, and governments are on notice to explore different ways of understanding and addressing Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) as demands for resources and funding escalate. One of those approaches, person-centered care (PCC), puts a focus on the individual, not the disease, emphasizing ability and enablement, and recognizing people with dementia as having rights of choice, personal empowerment, and self-determination. We expand on the concept of "dementia friendly communities," embodying PCC, to envision how spaces, programs, and services within cultural heritage institutions such as galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAM), could be re-thought and designed to enhance the everyday life experience of persons with ADRD. Impetus for such initiatives is provided further through the articulation, acceptance, adoption, and promotion of the rights of those with dementia as the rights of persons with disabilities. This emphasis on rights is important as it has behind it the force of international agreement and legally-binding United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2008). We argue that cultural heritage institutions have a responsibility and a rationale for servicing those who have been marginalized across time by what they have rather than who they are.


We suggest a strategy for incremental construction of deep parsing grammars from Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT). IGT is a format of representation where standard linguistics and NLP in principle meet, since they are a data-type which is often available for digitally 'less resourced languages' ('LRL'). The IGT database is TypeCraft (Beermann and Mihaylov 2009, www.typecraft.org), and the grammar technology so far employed is that defined in the LKB system of (Copestake 2002), an implementation of the HPSG grammar


Atomically precise molecular metal-oxo clusters provide ideal models to understand metal oxide surfaces, self-assembly, and form-function relationships. Devising strategies for synthesis and isolation of these molecular forms remains a challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of four Ln-Fe oxo clusters that feature the ε -{Fe 13 } Keggin cluster in its core. The {Fe 13 } metal-oxo cluster motif is the building block of two important iron oxyhydroxyide phases in nature and technology, ferrihydrite (as the δ -isomer) and magnetite (the ε -isomer). The reported ε -{Fe 13 } Keggin isomer as an isolated molecule provides opportunity to study the formation of ferrihydrite and magnetite from this building unit. The next metal layer surrounding the ε -{Fe 13 } core within these clusters exhibit a similar arrangement as the magnetite lattice, and Fe and Ln can occupy the same positions. This provides opportunity to construct a family of compounds and optimize magnetic exchange in these molecules via composition tuning. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) show these clusters are stable upon dissolution in both water and organic solvents, as a first step to perform further chemistry towards building magnetic arrays or invetigating ferrihydrite and magnetite assembly from pre-nucleation clusters.


The emergence of e-commerce leads to a fundamental change for the financial industry. The transition into a digital economy produces numerous new opportunities as well as great risks. B2B e-commerce in particular is considered a promising field for the future. As B2B is very closely related to corporate banking, emerging B2B e-commerce business models should constantly be evaluated to see how they fit into the portfolio of current corporate banking activities. The paper provides a framework for a systematic examination of B2B e-commerce business models and their position in the portfolio of corporate banking. The paper indicates that certain business models, like e-marketplaces, seem to be less attractive despite huge investments of German banks in this field. However, models combining a bank's core competence with new technology offer a high potential in e-commerce activities.


Changes in daily mobility have increased the phenomenon of displacement chaining. According to the logic of saving time and money, without chaining several trips back home involves a redefinition of the global parameters of modal choice. For this type of practice, the car seems much more appropriate. More flexible, it is still preferred by residents of suburban and rural areas who come in large cities mode.
This reorganization of daily practices to conflict two aspects to the extent the car is both the unchanging symbol of individualization but also the non-sustainability of mobility. The era of all-auto seems to take a turning point, it is necessary on the part of public policy to provide users with viable alternatives. This offer will be both powerful and flexible enough to encourage people to rationalize the use of their personal vehicle.


From our detail structural investgation in the Xinxian area of the northwestern Dabie, seven structural units have been recognized, which include : (1) Mafan fold belt (MFB), (2) Liangting melange belt (LMB), (3) Laoshan fold belt (LFB), (4) Sujiahe thrust sheet (STS), (5) Xong?Huwan shear belt (XHB), (6) Kafang gneiss dome (KGD), and (7) Pengdian shear belt (PSB)(Fig. 1). The MFB is the northernmost unit and consists of foliated amphibolites, quartzofeldspathic schists, and intercalated leptynites and marbles called the Erlangping Group. The MFB is pervasively affected by middle?small scale, tight to isoclinal folds. Dominant foliations are S?dipping. Petrologic affinities indicate that the MFB protolith may have originated from a Palaeozoic arc developed along the southern margin of the Sino?Korean craton. The LMB is characterized by a chaotic block assemblage and penetrative shear deformation. Blocks include marble, chert, gneissic amphibolite, and garnet?plagiogneiss . The melange matrix is mylonitic and exhibits mineral assemblages indicating greenschist?facies recrystallization. Shear fabrics include S?C structure, mica fish, asymmetric recrystallized tails of quartz lenses, together with the south?dipping shear foliation and small asymmetric fold structures, all indicating a top?to?north shear sense. Thses have been overprinted by a dextral shear deformation. The LFB forms the hanging wall of the LMB. The section reaches a maximum structural thickness of 6 km and is composed of interbedded mica?quartz schists and schistose amphibolites of the upper Proterozoic Guishan Formation. Moderate?to tight?folds and penetrative south?dipping foliations are prevalent. These folds are generally asymmetric, exhibiting north vergence and E?W striking, subhorizontal fold axes. The STS is bounded by a folded thrust dipping to the south from the LFB and dipping to the north from the XHB. It consists of Devonian unmetamorphosed to lower greenschist facies rocks that are affected by predominately south?vergent thrust faults, inclined to recumbent folds, and slaty cleavage that all exhibit a top?to?south shear sense. Structurally underlying the STS, the XHB is defined by a 3~5 km thick zone of mylonitic gneisses that contains sheared eclogite. Mylonitic foliations affecting the XHB generally dip to the north. Two generations of S?C mylonitic fabrics consisting of top?to?north thrust sense overprinted by subhorizontal dextral shear have been recognized. With a NWW?SEE strike, the PSB consists of gneisses intercalated with sheared eclogite and ultramafic rocks. Top?to?NE shear fabrics defined by mica?fish and S?C structures are largely obliterated by steep dipping foliations, subhorizontal lineation defined by phengite and amphibole, and boudinage of eclogite, which all clearly indicate a dextral shear sense. The final unit (KGD) consists of gently domed gneiss and intercalated eclogites and occupies a triangle area of over 500 km 2 bounded by the XHB to the north and by the PSB to the southwest. The shallowly inclined foliation within the KGD contrasts markedly with the 45° dip angles that characterize the XHB and PSB. A domal structure is centered approximately on Kafang. The MFB may belong to a Paleozoic southern margin of the Sino?Korean craton. The LMB has been interpreted as the suture position between the Sino?Korean and Yangtze cratons. History of deformation in the western Dabie has been suggested: (1) folding with W?E strike followed by (2) top?to?north shear, (3) later dextral strike?slip faulting and (4) doming event related to extension.


Currently, open dies with a parallel bridge are widely used. The design of such stamps is carried out according to proven methods. However, the dimensions of the bridges obtained do not always provide a sufficiently high durability of the dies. The decrease in the durability of the dies caused by the overestimated resistance of the bridge is especially noticeable in the manufacture of simple forgings that do not have complex cavities filled by extrusion. Thus, industries need more durable tooling that can provide a large number of stamped parts, as well as save money on the development, design and manufacture of a new stamp. To this end, in this paper, an analysis of the application of an expanding burr groove in a tool is considered. Practical experience of how the tooling is worn out with the number of stampings, the geometry of the tooling is measured, an analysis is carried out, and a mathematical model of the behavior of wear based on the experiment is presented. The same equation was obtained using Excel, which indicates that the mathematical model was obtained correctly. In addition, the paper considers the value of individual parameters of the tool geometry on the overall tool life.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone exposure to the physicochemical and microbial activity in dairy milk. The research material was fresh milk from dairy cows and ozone was produced by commercial ozone generator brand HANACO, production capacity up to 0.702 mg/min at 24-27ºC with oxygen source coming from ambient air in the nature. The experiment used ozone treatments for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min with variable of analysis such as density, protein, fat, electrical resistance, total plate count, and malondialdehyde which was analyzed using One Way Annova. The results showed that ozone treatment had no significant effect on the density, protein and fat in dairy milk, but had significant (P<0.05) effect on the electrical resistance, total plate count, and production of malondialdehyde. Electrical resistance and malondialdehyde were increased, while total plate count was decreased over time with the ozone exposure. Ozonation is possible to reducing yield loss on milk production that is caused by microbial activity without changing the physicochemical properties of dairy milk.


The issue of labor rights violations by multinational corporations has emerged as a serious international problem. Accordingly, the international community discussed how to regulate labor rights violations by multinational companies and strengthen their responsibility to protect labor rights. Various efforts and attempts to protect human rights at the level of multinational corporations, global governance and international organizations, and advanced countries have resulted in preventing violations of labor rights by multinational corporations and enhancing labor rights. However, there were definitely limitations. New measures are emerging to enhance labor human rights that can overcome these limitations. The EU Parliament and EU Member States have determined that the essence of the problem of labor rights violations by multinational corporations lies in global supply chains. They intend to enhance labor rights by enacting the Mandatory Corporate Due Diligence Act (Mandatory Supply Chain Due Diligence) to impose certain obligations on domestic companies, overseas branches of domestic companies, and subcontractors for human rights and due diligence. The due diligence obligations of the EU Parliament and EU member states are not limited to domestic companies, but they are also mandatory for foreign companies operating in their countries, which is expected to have a lot of impact and change. According to the EU Parliament's Corporate Due Diligence Directive, Korean conglomerates and small and medium-sized enterprises exporting to the EU are subject to the due diligence guidelines, so they must carry out due diligence on human rights and the environment in their supply chains, assess and minimize negative impacts, and disclose information. The EU Parliament's Mandatory Business Due Diligence Directive applies not only to the original contracting company but also to cases of human rights violations caused by its suppliers.
In particular, the textile and steel industries, which are high-risk sectors, are more likely to be classified as companies subject to due diligence obligations, so they should also pay attention to the issue of labor rights violations that may occur in the global supply chain. Although it will take some time for the EU Parliament's mandatory corporate due diligence directive to be applied in EU member states, the trend of EU member states and the EU Parliament making it mandatory for companies to conduct due diligence on their supply chains is expected to have a significant impact on international norms. In line with this trend, the Korean government also needs to actively restructure its domestic laws and policies to comply with various international standards, including the European Due Diligence Directive.


As the use of open source databases grows, so does need to evaluate, the performance of search queries for these databases. This paper compares the search query performance of SQL-based open source databases with commercial databases through experiments. The targets are MySql, MariaDB, and MS-SQL Server. In this study, the execution time of various types of search queries are measured. Also, search query performance was experimented according to change of index and number of tuples. Experimental results show that SQL-based open source databases have the potential to replace commercial databases when indexes are used and the number of tuples is not very large.


Data security is nowadays one of the most active fields of study in Informatics and Computer Science . Author right for intellectual property is a real challenge, especially when information is processed and transmitted. One of th e electronic forms of digital data is images. They are widely us ed in organizations, research institutions, and in environments where high resolution is needed. Here we come across to a nother kind of processing: parallelism. Information hiding and watermarking techniques are essential in addressing the problem of author copyright. This is done by means of steganographic algorithms. The aim of this paper is to analyze and present those steganographic algorithms which can be parallelized to a coarse-grain size. We will con sider one typical steganographic algorithms for binary images, Wu-Lee and will analyze the parallelization of this algorithm.


The voltage current property of the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UMS) system has significant influence on the sputtering process and films deposition process. Based on the analysis of the relationship between unbalanced magnetic field and properties of the unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, according to Child law the model of the V-I property of the UMS system is set up. Comparisons between the model calculation results and the experimental data indicate that the model correctly expresses the relation between the unbalanced magnetic field and the discharge properties of the UMS system.