combination with ischemic heart disease, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to define the main clinical, structural, functional and immunological predictors of combined pathology advance COPD and MS. The COPD diagnosis was verified among 143 patients, 75 patients out of them had a combination of COPD and MS (the main group), and 68 - separate disease (compare group). The clinical presentation of COPD progression among patients with MS symptoms unlike with separate COPD is characterized by heavier progression with growth of frequency of annual COPD recrudescences, respiratory function defects of the mixed type and myocardium remodeling with hypertrophy of the right and left heart. The patients with COPD combined with MS experience increasing of systematic inflammatory process activity in the form of concentration pro-inflammatory increasing (Interleukine - 1β, TNF-α, Interleukine -6, Interleukine -8) and deficit of anti-inflammatory (Interleukine -4) that is caused by production cytokines by excess of fatty tissue, and also cytokines synthesis activation in response to a hypoxia and inflammatory process in a bronchus- pulmonary system. Abstract . The article presents the results of observation of 113 women, aged 18-45 years with subclinical hypothyroidism. All women were subjected to a comprehensive survey, according to which, reproductive health disorders in a background of high comorbidity was revealed in 100% of women. Subsequently, 80 women received levothyroxine replacement therapy at the recommended doses. 33 women did not receive any treatment. After 6 months, new surveys showed the elimination of reproductive health disorders in 47 women (58.8%). At the same time, 33 women (41.2%) had clinical and laboratory signs of disorders. Given the diagnosed hyperprolactinemia in these women, the dopamine receptor blocker cabergoline was added to the treatment. As a result of repeated comprehensive examination, normalization of all laboratory parameters and elimination of abnormalities in these women were revealed after 6 months. The use of such treatment algorithm led tothe spontaneous pregnancy in 62.5% of women with endocrine infertility.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) and key areas for improvement for public–private partnerships (PPP) in affordable housing schemes (AHS) projects, using Tanzania as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 public and private sector practitioners in Tanzania. The collected data and the interview transcripts were analysed using the standard qualitative analysis technique of content analysis.

Findings
The findings show the six most important CSFs as: a dedicated team of professionals to oversee the PPP projects, official and unofficial site visits and inspection, government support and guarantees, undertaking checks and balance from the design stage to construction stage, scrutiny of PPP project proposal and trust and integrity. The mapping of the CSFs across the PPP project lifecycle highlighted a higher incidence across the following phases: building (n = 11), preparation (n = 10) and operational (n = 9).

Practical implications
The identification of these CSFs would support PPP practitioners in successfully implementing PPP in AHS; besides, there is potential for their inclusion in the future development of the affordable housing PPP conceptual framework. Therefore, based on the identified CSFs, both the government and policy makers could use the findings as the basis for re-examining the existing PPP policy and regulations and reflecting on the existing situation with a view to improving the delivery of future PPP projects.

Originality/value
This paper provides the first empirical study by applying direct content analysis to identify and understand the CSFs and key areas for improvement for PPPs in AHS within the Tanzanian housing sector. This is rather an under researched subject around CSFs for PPPs from developing countries such as Tanzania.


Streptomyces sp. N11-50 was isolated from deep-sea water and found to produce diketopiperazine (DKP) compounds such as albonoursin and cyclo(Phe-Leu). This study aimed to reveal the potential to synthesize diverse nonribosomal peptide and polyketide compounds as the other secondary metabolites different from DKP after clarifying the taxonomic position. Strain N11-50 was identified as Streptomyces albus, as it showed 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and 95.5% DNA–DNA relatedness to S. albus NBRC 13014T. We annotated the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters in the genome. Consequently, five NRPS, one hybrid PKS/NRPS, five type-I PKS and one type-II PKS gene clusters were observed, of which we predicted the products through bioinformatic analysis. These gene clusters were well conserved in already whole-genome sequence (WGS)-published strains belonging to S. albus. On the other hand, our taxonogenomic analysis revealed that three WGS-published S. albus strains were not S. albus. Two of the three should be classified as Streptomyces albidoflavus, and the remaining one was likely a new genomospecies. After reclassifying these appropriately, we demonstrated species-specific profiles of the NRPS and PKS gene clusters with little strain-level diversities.


This study examined environmental and health effects of climate change in Kaduna metropolis. Primary data were obtained through randomly administered 184 structured and semi structured survey questionnaires to purposefully selected groups of people, workers and students in the metropolis. Secondary data were obtained from desk reviews of other literatures and interviews of staff of Nigerian Metrological (NiMET) Agency and Ministry of Environment Kaduna. Descriptive statistics using Likert rating scale was employed for the analyses of the data. Findings revealed percentage range of strongly agree and agree of 80% - 59.8% that climate change has negative environmental and health effects in Kaduna metropolis. The environmental effects identified are: flooding, desert encroachment, drought, land degradation, run-off, soil erosion, loss of water resources and biodiversity and poor agricultural productions while the health effects are: hyperthermia, vector and water borne diseases (cholera, malaria), heart ailments, dehydration and diseased crops. The study also discovered that the comprehension of the concept climate change in the metropolis is limited. Finally, the study recommends intensive public education and enlightenment on the causes and effects of climate change, strong legislations and enforcement of environmental laws and adaptation measures.


This article is to find the life and political actions of Jung, In-Kyung(鄭仁卿) in Koryo Dynasty. He is not famous man, but he was raised his birthplace's name from BuSungHeung(富城縣) to SuSanGun(瑞山郡). This named Susan has gone on country's name today. His father named Jung, Shin-Byo(鄭臣保) came by ship to sea from chinese Sung(宋) Dynasty. We don't know why he settled down in SuSan, but I think his ship was troubled by typhoon or his illness. He had not connected to SuSan's people ago. He tried to be settled life in this country, and succeeded quickly. Jung, In-Kyung passed to SuSan country's national examination and he got a class called HwangGongJinSa(鄕貢進士). After Mongol's invasion, he joined in a war by a cavalry named BualCho(別抄). He got to an officer class. His ability of foreign language was important to his officer's succeed and career. He was able to speak a chinese and mongol's language. He has acted by an official interpreter to Mongol's diplomat for Koryo's king called ChouRull(忠烈). His loyalty to the king was recognized and his officer' rank became higher class. One of the diplomatic actions is protected from a conspiracy to Koryo's King which was settled by Hong, DaGu(洪茶丘). Finally He was a meritorious retainer by the king of ChouRull. And his born country was got to a name to SuSan.


Nanling National Nature Reserve to protect terrestrial wildlife spine was investigated,results show that the hunting,eco-tourism,natural disasters,habitat destruction and other factors on the survival of wild animals are threatened,the main reason for the threat analyzed,and proposed protection measures and measures.


In order to qualify a connector for a deep, critical service gas well, a connector evaluation program was executed which included both destructive laboratory testing and computer analysis. The advantage of using both tests and analysis to evaluate connector performance is emphasized. Both tests and analysis have strengths and limitations that must be understood and properly manipulated to construct an optimum evaluation program.


School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University Using 20 years GPS data, we reconstructed the paleo shapes of Antarctica and Australia continents by extrapolating smoothsurfaced vector field of the GPS data to check how far we can extrapolate the GPS data toward the past. Figure below shows that about 90Ma shapes of the two continents (left) fit better each oher than current shapes of the continents (right). black lines are coast lines, green and red lines are 3000m depth contours of Antarctica and Australia respectively. This result implies that 20 years of GPS data include deformation of continents for the time scale of tens of million years.


The article presents the results of investigation of the degradation of electrical and optical characteristics of green InGaN-based LEDs under tests at constant direct current for 5000 hours. It is determined that LEDs which were subjected to a 4-hours exposure of high-density pulsed current degrade slowly than LEDs not exposed to this exposure. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the short-wave components of the radiation spectrum of the LEDs when testing reduced by a greater amount than the EQE of the long-wave components of the spectrum. For LEDs that have a current-voltage characteristic with a non-ideality factor of m≈2, the rate of decrease of optical power during testing is lower than for LEDs with m> 2.


Since strong electric field is used now in many areas, simple methods for exact calculation of electric field should be
found. For the apparatus, where the strong electric field is produced by thin straight conductor over conducting body, several
approximating formulae (that use conducting plane instead of the body) were derived. Using the formulae, the field strength has been
calculated in detail and typical results are presented. The comparison of all the methods shows that in the area near the conductor
(near zone) any of the formulae can be used. In the vicinity of the conductor a difference exists.


Ozet Bu calismada, PEM yakit hucresinin katod tarafi yitriya stabilize edilmis zirkonya (YSZ) ile kaplanmis ve PEM yakit hucresinin performansi deneysel olarak incelenmistir.  2 gr YSZ+10 mL methanolden olusan bir karisim hazirlanmistir. PEM yakit hucresinin katod tarafi spin metodu ile YSZ kaplanmistir. Kaplamadan sonra membran 24 saat kurumaya birakilmistir. Deneylerde, kaplama oncesi ve kaplama sonrasi akim yogunlugu, gerilim yogunlugu ve guc yogunlugu performanslari tespit edilerek birbiri ile mukayese edilmistir. PEM yakit hucresinin katod tarafi YSZ ile kaplandiginda, calisma suresinin arttigi tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yitriya stabilize edilmis zirkonya (YSZ); Yakit hucresi; Polimer Elektrolit Membran (PEM); Membran. IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF CATHODE SIDE OF PEM FUEL CELL Abstract In this study, performance of PEM was experimentally investigated coating on the cathode side of the PEM fuel cell was accomplished with the spinning method by using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). A solution having 2 gr YSZ+10 mL methanol was prepared. Then the cathode side of PEM fuel cell was cladded with YSZ by using spinning method. After coating, the membrane was left out to dry for 24 hours. In the experimental study, current density, voltage density and power density performances before and after coating have been recorded and then are compared to each other. The cathode side of PEM fuel cells coated with YSZ, the run-time was found to be increased. Keywords: Yttria-stabilized zirconia  (YSZ); Fuel cell; Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM); Membrane. /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:10.0pt;
 font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-ansi-language:#0400;
 mso-fareast-language:#0400;
 mso-bidi-language:#0400;}


Simple Summary Early diagnosis of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is vital to prevent paralysis. Staging CT scans are performed routinely in cancer patients and could detect MESCC earlier. In this study, we assessed the performance of the original radiologist report for MESCC grading compared to three radiologists performing detailed MESCC evaluation using dedicated CT windows. Two expert radiologists provided the reference standard using MRI scans performed within 30 days. For normal/none versus low/high-grade MESCC per CT scan, all radiologists demonstrated almost perfect agreement with kappa values ranging from 0.866 (95% CI 0.787–0.945) to 0.947 (95% CI 0.899–0.995), compared to only slight agreement for the reports (kappa = 0.095, 95% CI−0.098–0.287). Radiologists also showed high sensitivities ranging from 91.51 (95% CI 84.49–96.04) to 98.11 (95% CI 93.35–99.77), compared to 44.34 (95% CI 34.69–54.31) for the reports. In conclusion, a dedicated radiologist review for MESCC on CT showed improved performance compared to the original report (current standard of care). Abstract Background: Early diagnosis of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is vital to expedite therapy and prevent paralysis. Staging CT is performed routinely in cancer patients and presents an opportunity for earlier diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 123 CT scans from 101 patients who underwent spine MRI within 30 days, excluding 549 CT scans from 216 patients due to CT performed post-MRI, non-contrast CT, or a gap greater than 30 days between modalities. Reference standard MESCC gradings on CT were provided in consensus via two spine radiologists (11 and 7 years of experience) analyzing the MRI scans. CT scans were labeled using the original reports and by three radiologists (3, 13, and 14 years of experience) using dedicated CT windowing. Results: For normal/none versus low/high-grade MESCC per CT scan, all radiologists demonstrated almost perfect agreement with kappa values ranging from 0.866 (95% CI 0.787–0.945) to 0.947 (95% CI 0.899–0.995), compared to slight agreement for the reports (kappa = 0.095, 95%CI −0.098–0.287). Radiologists also showed high sensitivities ranging from 91.51 (95% CI 84.49–96.04) to 98.11 (95% CI 93.35–99.77), compared to 44.34 (95% CI 34.69–54.31) for the reports. Conclusion: Dedicated radiologist review for MESCC on CT showed high interobserver agreement and sensitivity compared to the current standard of care.


Several studies have reported the ability of the lactotripeptides valine-proline-proline (VPP) and isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) to lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), including in Japanese populations. But the magnitude of the reported changes differs across trials. Conclusions from a previous meta-analysis in Japanese subjects suggest that this may be due at least partly to differences in subjects' blood pressure (BP) status. Therefore, we decided to resume this analysis, focusing only on non-hypertensive subjects and including newly-published eligible studies, in order to further evaluate the SBP-lowering effect of VPP/IPP and study the influence of the ingested dose, type of ingredient (enzymatic or fermented) and food product (drink or supplement). The systematic search of four databases (including two in Japanese) allowed to identify 11 relevant randomized-controlled trials (581 subjects), which were included in the meta-analysis. Results reported a significant decrease in SBP following VPP/IPP intake in non-hypertensive Japanese individuals, with an estimated effect-size of -3.44 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.53 to -2.34, P < 0.0001) as compared to placebo. There was no indication of heterogeneity or publication bias. Furthermore, the type of food product and ingredient did not influence the SBP-lowering effect, which was significant and of same order of magnitude with either type of product and ingredient. Besides, the SBP-lowering effect remained significant when limiting to studies testing usual daily amounts of VPP/IPP (≤5 mg/d). This updated meta-analysis therefore confirms that VPP/IPP are effective in reducing SBP in non-hypertensive Japanese individuals, for amounts that may be ingested on a daily basis, and independently of the types of ingredient/food consumed. VPP/IPP-containing foods could therefore contribute to a better control of high-normal BP and/or to the maintenance of normal BP, and by such, may play a role in preventing high BP in individuals with normal or high-normal BP.


In order to characterize Zimbabwean tilapias 34 populations of seven species, two in the genus Tilapia and five in Oreochromis, were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Twenty-seven loci were polymorphic while five were monomorphic but had fixed allelic differences among some species and six were monomorphic for the same allele in all species. No fixed allelic differences were found between O. mossambicus and O.mortimeri, and only one locus distinguished O. andersonii from O. mossambicus and O. mortimeri. Pairwise comparisons of O. mossambicus or O. mortimeri populations of genetic distances frequently showed a greater degree of difference within the species than was evident in some O. mossambicusO. mortimeri pairs. This study failed to distinguish O. mortimeri as a distinct species from O. mossambicus. The Tilapia species formed distinct clusters from Oreochromis in both consensus eighbourjoining and distance Wagner topologies. Oreochromis ossambicus, O. mortimeri and O. andersonii clustered together consistently. Although some differences from the taxonomic arrangement of Trewavas are discussed, the principal relationships revealed in our analysis are consistent with most recent studies.


Context: Vascular pain is a frequent and hypotension is most important complications of propofol administration. Aims: The goal of this study is to evaluate frequency of vascular pain during rapid and slow injection of propofol and also effect of ephedrine for decreasing of vascular pain. Materials and Methods: After approval of local ethical committee, 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I (ASA I), who were candidates for cataract surgery, were divided randomly into three groups. The first group received 20 mg of lidocaine, and propofol 1% at 1 ml per 5 seconds (slow injection). The second and third groups received propofol at 10 ml per 5 seconds without lidocaine (rapid injection) and also in the third group, 10 mg of ephedrine were injected at first and vascular pain were evaluated with 5-point scale. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v16, Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskel-Wallis. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Demographic characteristics of the three groups were similar. The vascular pain was 52.5%, 40%, and 27.5% in first, second, and third group, respectively. The injection pain was more severe in the slow injection (P = 0.025), but was the same between two rapid groups (P = 0.76). Heart rate and blood pressure changes were similar between all groups (P = 0.45 and P = 0.58, respectively). Conclusion: Rapid propofol injection induced less vascular pain compared with slow injection, but 10 mg ephedrine was not more effective.


Our current conception of addiction is a historical anomaly, one that has arisen independent of laboratory or epidemiological data about drug use. This concept has never reflected actual patterns of heroin use, and it currently does no better at describing cocaine use. Neither this vision of heroin addiction nor an equally popular, complimentary model of alcoholism accurately reflects data on the cause, epidemiology, life history, or consistency of addictive behavior. Nonetheless, versions of addictions based on these images of narcotic addiction and alcoholism have become increasingly popular in the second half of the twentieth century and have been generalized to whole new areas of behavior, where they succeed no better at explaining the data. These concepts, moreover, have considerable potential for doing harm.


A risk management framework has recently been developed to assign priorities for the rehabilitation of school buildings in Italy, and to give timescales within which retrofit or demolition must take place. Since it is not practical to carry out a detailed assessment of the 60,000 Italian state and public schools, the framework is a multiple-level procedure which aims to identify the highest-risk buildings based on filters of increasing detail, and reduces the size of the building inventory at each step. The first risk ranking is based on a strength deficit, which measures the difference between the current design forces defined for the building site and an estimation of the level of seismic resistance which was required at the time of design. The second ranking is based on lateral strength calculations that are already available for a large portion of the Italian masonry building stock, and that are obtained from a survey form that is familiar to Italian engineers. Finally, a simplified displacement-based methodology is used to give a more accurate assessment of seismic risk based on a limited amount of geometrical and material data. The final assessment leads to a capacity ratio and a risk rating, which are used within a transparent procedure to assign priorities for seismic intervention, and timescales within which detailed assessment leading to retrofit or demolition must take place. The first step of the methodology has been applied herein to the school building stock within two Regions in Italy and preliminary results are presented.


This paper checks the raw material warehouse wall crack and subsidence condition of the plastic plant,analyzes the cracking and subsidence causes,and formulates reinforcing scheme,with a view to provide certain guidance for similar engineering.


The study examined whether age and level of study differences exist in academic stress experienced among undergraduate students of public universities in Edo State. The descriptive research design using the survey was adopted in the study. The population of covered all the 53,588 regular undergraduate students in public universities in Edo State in the 2018/2019 session. A sample size of 536 students was selected for the study. The proportional random sampling technique was used to select 2% of the total number of students across each of the faculties in the institution. The instrument used for the collection of data was a questionnaire titled: "Academic Stress Questionnaire - ASQ". The test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained to show that the instrument is reliable. The t-test statistics for two independent samples and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The result showed that the academic stress experienced among undergraduate students of Public universities in Edo State differed with respect to their age and level of study. In addition, academic stress was found to decline with increasing age of students while academic stress rises for undergraduates in their first year, declines in the second and third year but rises again in the final year. It was recommended that guidance and counselling units should be well established in every department in the university to support lecturers on the area of course advising students to reduce lecturer-related, examination-related and school-relationship stress that students may be confronted with.

 Article visualizations:


This paper aims to show Swedenborg's direct and indirect acquaintance with works of Plotinus and Porphyry, and with Neo-Platonic thought in general. Swedenborg early acquired the Enneads of Plotinus, and when he read the pseudo-Aristotelian work De secretiore parte divinae sapientiae secundum egyptios, in fact a compilation made by Plotinus' disciple Porphyry, he took down in his philosophical notebook that this work was too sublime to be written by Aristotle and by far surpassed the teachings of Plato.


The superconducting transport of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7- delta / grain boundary junctions (GBJs) fabricated by laser ablation deposition on SrTiO/sub 3/ bicrystals is discussed. For narrow GBJs with a width smaller than about four times their Josephson penetration depth, the current-voltage characteristics can be modeled closely by the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model and the magnetic field dependence of the critical current is Fraunhofer-pattern-like. The temperature dependence of the critical current is proportional to (1-T/T/sub c/)/sup 2/ close to T/sub c/. The characteristic voltages V/sub c/=J/sup gb//sub c/ rho /sub N/, where J/sup gb//sub c/ is the critical current density and rho /sub N/ the normal resistance times unit area of the GBJs, range between 0.2 and 8 mV at 4.2 K and scale proportional to (1/ rho /sub N/)/sup 1.5/. The transport characteristics of the GBJs are in agreement with a SNINS-type junction model.


The reaction of sodium succinohydroxamate with benzenesulfonyl chloride yielded 3-benzene-sulfonyloxy-5,6-dihydrouracil, 3. Treatment of 3 with ammonia, aniline, t-butylamine or piperidine yielded a mixture of the requisite 1,2-bis(ureido)ethane and 1-curboxamido-2-imidazolidone. Acylation of N-hydroxysuccinimide with benzenesulfonyl chloride furnished N-benzenesulfonyl-oxysuccinimide, 10. Aniline or t-butylamine were used as representative amines to demonstrate their capability of inducing a Lossen degradation on 10 to afford the corresponding β-ureido -propionamide.


Background: The spread of cancer (metastasis) is usually associated with death. We have identified a new approach that may be useful for treating metastatic cancer. Methods: Here we studied the murine breast cancer cell line 66cl-4, because these cells are highly aggressive, potent inducers of metastasis and estrogen receptor negative. Results: We found that 200 mM methyl sulfone did not induce apoptosis in cancerous cells but instead decreased cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, inhibited migration of cells through an extracellular matrix and induced contact inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. Methyl sulfone promoted proper wound healing, reversed the epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with metastatic disease and increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a differentiation protein of breast myoepithelial cells. Conclusion: Methyl sulfone did not kill the cancer cells but instead decreased metastatic phenotypes and increased normal differentiated phenotypes.


Decentralized and distributed model predictive control (DMPC) addresses the problem of controlling a multivariable dynamical process, composed by several interacting subsystems and subject to constraints, in a computation and communication efficient way. Compared to a centralized MPC setup, where a global optimal control problem must be solved on-line with respect to all actuator commands given the entire set of states, in DMPC the control problem is divided into a set of local MPCs of smaller size, that cooperate by communicating each other a certain information set, such as local state measurements, local decisions, optimal local predictions. Each controller is based on a partial (local) model of the overall dynamics, possibly neglecting existing dynamical interactions. The global performance objective is suitably mapped into a local objective for each of the local MPC problems. This chapter surveys some of the main contributions to DMPC, with an emphasis on a method developed by the authors, by illustrating the ideas on motivating examples. Some novel ideas to address the problem of hierarchical MPC design are also included in the chapter.


Summary  A procedure for testing symmetry is described which combines the ease of the sign test with the efficiency of the signed rank test.


Background  There is contradictory evidence suggesting that emollients increase, decrease or have no effect on minimal erythema dose (MED) or minimal phototoxic dose values prior to phototherapy. Few studies have looked at the in vivo use of emollients or calcipotriol prior to narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B (NB‐UVB) treatment.


Methods and results A previously healthy 55-year-old man presented with a recent onset of breathlessness. He was found to have moderate pulmonary hypertension by transthoracic echocardiogram. Apart from a dilated right heart chamber, transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) did not reveal any intracardiac shunts or vascular anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the possible cause of the enlarged right heart and pulmonary hypertension. Spin echo and gradient echo imaging showed dilated pulmonary arteries, dilated right atrium and ventricle (Fig. 1a and b) with preserved right ventricular systolic function. There was also a highly suspicious PAPVC of the right middle and lower pulmonary veins into the right atrium (RA) (Fig. 2a and b). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow mapping recorded pulmonary flow and aortic flow ratio was 2.8 : 1 (Fig. 3). Contrast [gadolinium-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)]-enhanced pulmonary venous angiogram was acquired using three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequence. An initial test bolus was given to determine the time to peak contrast concentration at the targeted region and the magnetic resonance angiography acquisition was optimized accordingly. This confirmed two large PAPVCs of the right lower and middle lobe pulmonary veins directly into the RA (Fig. 4). The remaining


: Chemical gardens are tubular structures that consist of inorganic precipitate membranes formed under far-from-equilibrium conditions. Their possible existence in natural geological settings complicates the differentiation between Earth's earliest microfossils and abiotic structures as well as the search for life signatures on other planets. Here we address the question whether laboratory-grown chemical gardens can withstand encapsulation in a slowly forming inorganic matrix. We report high-temperature conditions for which FeCl 3 -derived chemical gardens persist for several months allowing the surrounding silicate solution to solidify. This crystallization typically starts on the surface of the chemical gardens, slowly embeds them within spheroidal globules, and finally spreads across the entire system to create a rock-like sample with the preserved chemical garden as a complex inclusion. We show that the initially solution-filled interior of the tube also undergoes solidification with minor amounts of iron present. The main matrix material is identified as polycrystalline sodium silicate hexahydrate. The results can be compared with enigmatic mineral tubules preserved in some natural geological settings (e


A new route is carried out to achieve broad spectral responsive photocatalytic H2 production over g-C3N4 co-sensitized by an indole-based D-π-A organic dye (LI-4) and an asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine derivative (Zn-tri-PcNc) with complementary absorption spectra. Experimental results indicate that both LI-4 and Zn-tri-PcNc are efficient photosensitizers of g-C3N4 for H2 production, and their co-sensitized g-C3N4 (LI-4/g-C3N4/Zn-tri-PcNc) exhibits an extremely high H2 production activity (371.4 μmol h–1) under visible/near-infrared (NIR) light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation, which approximates the summation of the H2 production activity of LI-4/g-C3N4 (233.8 μmol h–1) and Zn-tri-PcNc/g-C3N4 (132.3 μmol h–1), although LI-4 and Zn-tri-PcNc can just absorb the light in the range of 400–600 and 600–750 nm, respectively. Moreover, the co-sensitized catalyst shows a broad visible/NIR light responsive range (400–800 nm) with impressively high apparent quantum yields (AQY) of 16.3, 7.7, and 1.75% at 420, 500, and 700 n...


Intensive cross-border movement of policy models is ubiquitous in the water sector.
Examples include Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Water User
Associations (WUAs), and River Basin Organizations (RBOs), which have traveled around
the world. However, despite the spread of global water policy models and their potential
importance for sustainable development, scholars have struggled to develop adequate
accounts of this process. To bridge this gap, we examine the extant analytical and
methodological tools to study the movement of water policy models. We focus on the fit
between a policy model and the context, the micro-politics of knowledge translation, and
the inherent contingencies involved in water policy. Having recognized these obstacles,
we offer some ways of conceptualizing the movement of water policy models. We
illustrate each approach with vignettes from around the world.


The greenhouse design as well as the cover material properties in particular may strongly impact the greenhouse energy. To study the effect of these parameters, three typical unheated greenhouses equipped with rows of canopy were considered. Experiments were launched to establish the boundary conditions and validate the model. Two parametric studies were carried out: for the nocturnal period when the energy performance of each type of greenhouse was investigated, and for the diurnal period, when the sun path was simulated taking into account the type of the cover, its spectral optical and thermal properties. Results indicate that for the nocturnal period, the ambient air temperature in the tunnel and vertical wall greenhouse was relatively homogenous and warmer compared with the temperature distribution in the Venlo greenhouse. The plastic greenhouse, especially the tunnel one had better performances concerning the homogenization of the climate and the thermal energy storage. Concerning the diurnal period, and for both plastic greenhouses equipped with fully opened side vents, the air located between the rows of canopy and ground surfaces remained very slow, not exceeding 0.2 ms-1; for the Venlo glasshouse, the recirculation loop situated above the crop improved the air mixing and induced a good homogenization. Results indicate that the cover material with highest absorptivity, deteriorated the natural ventilation, increasing the air temperature by convection, and reduced the available Photosynthetically Active Radiation.


Despite the rapid technological advancements and developments that are achieved today, correct injuries diagnose is still a regular occurring issue. There are many methods to diagnose and determine injuries, but these methods are expensive and time consuming. In this work, a portable smartphone-based video magnification (VM) technique and machine learning algorithm Haar Cascade are used to detect injuries. The main objective of this work is to develop a worldwide accessible application that detects injuries in real-time manner using video magnification of the blood's colour circulated through the injured body part. The blood flow rate is used because since injuries directly cause an increase in blood flow rate. The proposed system was successfully implemented with accuracy of 95.07%.


We discuss diffusion caused by the beam-beam interactions. Slow diffusion has been studied to estimate beam life time. Fast diffusion, which affects luminosity, is discussed in this paper. Dynamics of colliding beam-beam system is strongly nonlinear and have many degree of freedom. In the case without linear coupling, a beam-beam limit [1] is caused by a distortion of beam distribution. In this case, nonlinear diffusion is very weak, but synchrotron radiation plays an important role. While linear coupling at the collision point, namely x-y coupling, dispersion and crossing angle, induces a diffusion, with the result that luminosity is degraded. Diffusion rate due to the linear coupling is estimated by a weak-strong simulation.


Abstract Fragment of a collection of the sententiae of Menander containing monostichoi 467 and 652. The verses are not arranged in alphabetical order.


The abundance represented by the marine algae leads to attentive studies, because the problem of raw material resources concern humanity more and more in the past decades. In this context, a special place should be occupied by the marine algae, characterized by their appreciable content in proteins, glucides, vitamins and mineral salts. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the content in biomolecules with a pharmaceutical action for two of the most common red algae species from our seashore, Ceramium rubrum and Porphyra leucosticta. Our results show that, due to its high percentage of vitamin C and natural carotenoids, Porphyra leucosticta could become a valuable source of raw material to obtain such compounds, which have multiple uses in the pharmaceutical field, cosmetic and food industry. Ceramium rubrum, the red alga well-known as an agar source, can be used to obtain chlorophyll a, this green pigment being a useful therapeutic agent that can also be used in the cosmetic industry (as a deodorant).


The impact of a test on teaching and learning is commonly referred to as the washback effect.  This study investigated the nature and scope of the washback effect from the Intermediate English examination on teachers and students of a public sector college in Pakistan.  The research relied on qualitative approach utilizing interviews to collect data from six teachers and six students.  The data was analysed using open-coding.  The results revealed that there seems to be a strong negative washback from the examinations on teaching methodology, content and learning.  The pedagogical implications of the current study in the form of recommendations related to English language assessment procedures include the employment of formative assessment, the use of authentic tasks and focus on all four language skills.

 Key words: Washback effect, English language examination, language assessment.


SummaryNine fungicides were tested for efficacy against chalkbrood (Ascosphaera aggregata) and for toxicity to larvae and prepupae of the leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata. Only Benlate at 1·0% active ingredient (a.i.) and carbendazim at 1·0 and 0·1% a.i. in the diet reduced the incidence of chalkbrood in larvae challenged with 105spores while exhibiting no toxic effects on larval or prepupal survival. Captan (Orthocide) was lethal at 1·0% a.i. and significantly reduced survival to prepupae at 0·1% without reducing the incidence of chalkbrood significantly. Captan at 0·1% a.i. also extended the number of days required for development of larvae to prepupae by over 40%.


Forty-four patients, ranging in age from 17 to 57 years (average, 32), were evaluated an average of 4 years (range, 2 to 9) after surgical reconstruction for Allman- Tossy Grade III acromioclavicular dislocations. Twenty- seven patients underwent repair for acute injuries (<3 weeks after injury) and 17 patients underwent recon structions for chronic injuries (>3 weeks). Coracocla vicular fixation with heavy nonabsorbable sutures was used to correct superior displacement in all cases. In addition, transfer of the coracoacromial ligament to the distal clavicle was performed in 15 of the 27 early re pairs and 17 of the 17 late reconstructions. Overall, 26 of 27 (96%) early repairs and 13 of 17 (77%) late re constructions achieved satisfactory results. There was a trend for better results and return to sports or heavy labor with early repairs; however, this was not statisti cally significant (P = 0.065). When the results of early repairs were compared with those of late reconstruc tions performed more than 3 months after injury, the results of the shoulders undergoing early repair were significantly better (P < 0.01). Overall, 39 of 44 (89%) patients achieved a satisfactory result. Surgical recon struction for acromioclavicular dislocation provides re liable results including use of the arm for sports or repetitive work.


. In superfluid dark matter the exchange of phonons can create an additional force that has an effect similar to Modified Newtonian Dynamics ( MOND ). To test whether this hypothesis is compatible with observation, we study a set of strong gravitational lenses from the SLACS survey and check whether the measurements can be explained by a superfluid in the central region of galaxies. Concretely, we try to simultaneously fit each lens's Einstein radius and velocity dispersion with a spherically symmetric density profile of a fluid that has both a normal and a superfluid component. We demonstrate that we can successfully fit all galaxies except one, and that the fits have reasonable stellar mass-to-light-ratios. We conclude that strong gravitational lensing does not pose a challenge for the idea that superfluid dark matter mimics modified gravity.


The Monge–Ampere–Kantorovich (MAK) reconstruction is tested against cosmological N-body simulations. Using only the present mass distribution sampled with particles, and the assumption of homogeneity of the primordial distribution, MAK recovers for each particle the non-linear displacement field between its present position and its Lagrangian position on a primordial uniform grid.

To test the method, we examine a standard Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) N-body simulation with Gaussian initial conditions and six models with non-Gaussian initial conditions: a χ2 model, a model with primordial voids and four weakly non-Gaussian models.

Our extensive analyses of the Gaussian simulation show that the level of accuracy of the reconstruction of the non-linear displacement field achieved by MAK is unprecedented, at scales as small as ∼3 h−1 Mpc. In particular, it captures in a non-trivial way the non-linear contribution from gravitational instability, well beyond the Zel'dovich approximation. This is also confirmed by our analyses of the non-Gaussian samples.

Applying the spherical collapse model to the probability distribution function of the divergence of the displacement field, we also show that from a well-reconstructed displacement field, such as that given by MAK, it is possible to accurately disentangle dynamical contributions induced by gravitational clustering from possible initial non-Gaussianities, allowing one to efficiently test the non-Gaussian nature of the primordial fluctuations.

In addition, we test successfully a simple application of MAK using the Zel'dovich approximation to recover in real space the present-day peculiar velocity field on scales of 8 h−1 Mpc.

Although non-trivial observational issues yet remain to be addressed, our numerical investigations suggest that MAK reconstruction represents a very promising tool to be applied to three-dimensional Galaxy catalogues.


Objective To analyse HFMD children age structure,the serious type of HFMD Children's symptoms,auxiliary examination results,and to assess outcomes.Methods Select 102 HFMD children be in hospital March to October of 2009,those children were divided into two groups:the ordinary type and the serious type,analyzes children's ages,constitute clinical symptoms and auxiliary examination results and regional.Results All ages ordinary and the serious type of HFMD children constitute no significant difference,the serious type of HFMD children have high body temperature,sleepiness,body shaking and white blood cell increased higher percentage of foundation.Conclusion The serious type of HFMD children's white blood cell increased higher,other auxiliary examination have nonspecific changes,neurological damage is the early change of serious type of HFMD children,early intervention can prevent death and reduce disability.


The present study employs a tungsten tracer incorporated into the aluminum substrate to investigate the development of porosity in anodic alumina formed in phosphoric acid electrolyte. An unusual inversion of the tracer distribution is revealed as the tracer layer traverses the barrier region. Although initially incorporated into the barrier layer at locations beneath pore bases, associated with the scalloped metal/oxide interface, the tracer at these locations subsequently lags behind that found at the cell walls. The behavior is contrary to expectations of a field-assisted dissolution model of pore development, with usual migration behaviors of film species in the barrier layer. However, the findings are consistent with pore formation due mainly to flow of alumina from the barrier layer toward the cell walls, driven by film growth stresses. Flow of film material can also account for the presence of phosphorus species in the film and the increased thickness of the film relative to that of the oxidized metal. Anodic alumina films are used extensively in protection and functionalization of aluminum alloys, in electronics through aerospace to architecture. The films are usually formed in aqueous electrolytes, with two morphological types recognized that depend upon composition of the electrolyte, pH, current density, voltage, temperature, etc. Fig. 1. 1-4 Barrier films consist of compact, amorphous alumina of uniform thickness, up to a few hundred nanometers. Porous films comprise a thin barrier layer next to the metal and an outer layer of porous alumina, up to tens of m thick. 2,3 The pores are of approximately cylindrical section and extend from the film surface to the barrier layer. The thickness of the barrier layer and the diameter of the pores are related to the forming voltage, with ratios of 1n m V 1 , while the thickness of the porous layer depends primarily upon the anodizing charge for a particular current density. The porosity has often been explained by massively increased dissolution of the alumina at the pore base under the high electric field of the barrier layer. 5 An early suggestion was made of a role of oxide flow in the dissolution process, with flow occurring due to electrostriction stresses, estimated to be of the order 100 MPa and sufficient to deform oxides. 6


Our most striking finding was that of the 16 patients monitored by the technique, those with no spontaneous lower oesophageal contractility at any time, but with provoked activity intact, were invariably subsequently diagnosed as brain dead clinically after the action ofpancuronium had worn off or been reversed. In this institution brain death is diagnosed using the criteria set out by the royal colleges and faculties of the United Kingdom.3 In addition, carotid arteriography is performed to show cessation ofcerebral circulation. The loss of spontaneous contractility in the presence of continuing provoked activity is explained by the normal physiology of the human oesophagus. The principal nerve supply is derived from the vagus nerve. The lower oesophageal muscle is supplied from intramural and paraoesophageal nerve plexuses. Vagal afferent and efferent fibres connect the oesophageal plexuses with the brain stem nuclei of the vagus nerve, which in turn are connected with higher cortical centres. The mechanisms governing production of non-propulsive activity are unknown, though acoustic stimuli as well as other forms of external stimuli can provoke this response.45 Thus it appears that an intact pathway between the brain and oesophagus is required for non-propulsive activity to occur. By contrast, secondary activity (peristaltic) has been recorded in the isolated opossum oesophagus ex vivo and so does not require control by higher centres.2 Hence in brain dead patients spontaneous lower oesophageal contractility would not be expected, whereas provokedcontractility should be intact, as we have found. We conclude that monitoring lower oesphageal contractility may be very useful in the early identification of brain death and may help to predict outcome in patients with head injury.


Compared to the direct impacts to people and property of natural disasters such as flooding, indirect impacts are generally spread over a much wider area. This specifically holds true for critical urban infrastructure: public and semi-public services, ICT facilities, and physical networks. If disrupted or destroyed, these will have a serious impact on the well being of citizens and the operation of organizations, sectors, and government. There is a large existing body of scientific literature on the assessment of economic and non-economic losses resulting from the impact of flooding to critical infrastructure. However, most assessment tools (i.e. models) are highly complex, need to be validated before application to a specific area, and, in many cases, can generate unreliable damage estimates, partly due to the input uncertainties and the limitations of access to data and information. Moreover, many model assumptions and simplifications have to be made in order to enable the detection of relevant and critical thresholds for critical infrastructure functioning. This paper reports on a recent study developed under the EC FP7 project FloodProBE "Technologies for the cost-effective protection of the built environment" which focuses on the vulnerability and protection of critical urban infrastructure from flooding. It presents a pragmatic and rapid screening procedure, referred to as a "Quick Scan". The purpose of the Quick Scan is to provide guidance for network operators and decision makers on identifying and rating those critical infrastructure networks and hot spot buildings that may be at risk from flooding and assessing where intervention will be most feasible and cost beneficial – the so-called "low hanging fruits" or "quick wins". This approach will help to support the development of effective interventions to alleviate direct and indirect flood impacts. Workshops and interviews with stakeholders and experts have been organised in the pilot cities Bangkok, Paris, and Dordrecht to test and further optimize the Quick Scan and to obtain feedback and lessons learned for the protection of critical urban infrastructure. This paper presents the findings of the workshops carried out with stakeholders of three neighbourhoods in the city of Bangkok in March 2013. International Conference on Flood Resilience: Experiences in Asia and Europe 5-7 September 2013, Exeter, United Kingdom


For being a short-lived political movement, Federalism certainly has received many revisionist historical treatments. A decade ago, Doron S. Ben-Atar and Barbara B. Oberg edited an essay collection titled Federalists Reconsidered (Charlottesville, VA, 1999), which concluded with an epilogue that declared the political movement was ''still in need of reconsideration.'' Recent scholarship has simultaneously declared Federalism a regionalist clique by New England cranks that had little impact outside of parochial political debates, a cultural movement with larger and longer-lasting influence on society in general than typically allowed, and a political mindset that shaped the American democratic tradition. Thus, even if the political party did not last more than three decades, all can agree that it has at least proved an enigma for historians and an oftrevisited concept in American historiography. Jonathan Den Hartog offers a fresh contribution to this staid topic. In Patriotism and Piety: Federalist Politics and Religious Struggle in the New American Nation, he argues three central things concerning the Federalist Party: First and foremost, that religion was at the heart of its political culture; second, that it was a national movement that, while varied in different regions, is coherent enough to trace a broader historical trajectory; and the third, most novel argument, that the Federalist Party's demise had as much to do with its religious packaging as it did with its political miscalculations. Building on this last point, Den Hartog goes further by boldly claiming the Federalist Party's later voluntarist innovations had a significant impact in shaping American politics; he tantalizingly calls this a ''Federalization of American Christianity'' (7). Though Patriotism and Piety's success varies with each of these approaches, its provocative arguments should help revise common misperceptions we have concerning religious and political culture during the early republic.


Earth pressure acting on culverts buried in soft soil is almost uniformly distributed along circumference of the pipe. Generally it may be regarded as a plane strain problem. Based on the stress state, ultimate bearing load capability of RC(Reinforced Concrete) culverts was achieved in lab and compared with test results on plane stress state. And it is mainly affected by the ratio of thick to radius and the strength of concrete, while is not obviously related with the amount of reinforced bars in the pipe and the coefficient of non uniformly load. Finally its computing formula is put forward based on modling test results and concrete strength theory. The results may serve as the references to the designer.


This paper describes a power quality monitoring system to be integrated in a distribution energy control center of a Brazilian electric utility. The monitoring system comprises several monitoring units located at individual service entrances connected to secondary master stations, modems and the host computer at the distribution energy control center. The hardware and software of the monitoring instrument are described as well as communication software between the monitoring units and the master station. The utility has evaluated the monitoring system, onsite, in a pilot project, with satisfactory results, assuring low cost, high performance, high reliability and capability of integration with the energy distribution control center.


The "Secularization" inclination of contemporary aesthetic culture is essentially a revival of "Dao not far away from people" with a cardinal spirit of traditional aesthetic culture. In neither a surrealism metaphysical paradise nor a non-human materialization nature, aesthetic way is implemented in actual daily common realm or life world and summed up in real perceptual human-nature experiences or life activities. "Secularization" and "Transcendence" constituted integrally is the cardinal spirit of Chinese aesthetic culture came down in a continuous line from ancient times to the present.


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects 2% of the U.S. population, can progress to cirrhosis, and is the leading indication for liver transplantation. Although


Lock gates are an important part of the transportation infrastructure within the United States (US), having many economic, safety, and environmental benefits over rail and highway transportation systems. Unfortunately, many existing lock gates throughout the US have reached or exceeded their initial design life and require frequent repairs to remain in service. Unscheduled repairs often increase as gates age, having a local economic impact on freight transport which can create economic ripples throughout the nation. Fatigue and corrosion are key causes of unscheduled service interruptions, degrading lock gate components over time. Additionally, because lock gates are submerged during operation, crack detection prior to component failure can be difficult, and repair costs can be high. This thesis presents an analytical and experimental investigation into fatigue damage within common lock gate geometries, and develops fatigue mitigation strategies capable of extending gate service-life. The goal of the research program is to identify critical fatigue regions and locally extend gate component fatigue life. Detailed finite element analyses are combined with fatigue and fracture mechanics theories to predict critical fatigue regions within common gate details and develop retrofit strategies for mitigating fatigue cracking. Full-scale experimental fatigue testing of a critical lock gate component is conducted to provide a baseline for evaluation of retrofit strategies. Retrofit strategies using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates having optimized pre-stress levels are discussed.


Despite the benefits of international expansion, family firms are commonly portrayed as being conservative, risk averse, and therefore unwilling to assume the risks associated with international ma...


* Managing Media Convergence: Pathways to Journalistic Cooperation. Kenneth C. Killebrew. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 218 pp. $39.99 pbk. Managing Media Convergence: Pathways to Journalistic Cooperation addresses a wide array of topics related to media convergence, including the increasingly corporate nature of media in the United States, workplace satisfaction, resistance to change, government regulation, ethical decision making, and the like. There are many things about convergence that make critics and practitioners nervous. Will there be fewer voices heard because only a handful of corporations control most news outlets? Will convergence converge me as a working journalist right out of job? Will I have to learn HTML or how to operate a video camera in addition to my normal duties? Will fewer and fewer journalists have to cover enlarging news holes on multiple platforms with little additional training? Where will the incentive come from to do the additional work involved? What exactly is convergence anyway? In the preface the author notes that "Convergence is, above all else, about information and how we prepare, post and transfer that information from one place to the other." The author adds that complexity comes after that, and involves people and their perceptions of what convergence means to them and to the organizations for which they work. Unfortunately, we hear very little from the people involved in convergence, although the author notes that in some sixty media markets, at least two media organizations are involved in partial or full convergence. The book is instead a look at various theories that bear on the many aspects of convergence listed above. It leaves the reader hoping for something that never comes to pass, something the reader might legitimately expect based on the title. A case study approach would likely make the book less of a difficult read. What are the pathways that various media organizations are taking as they decide whether convergence is right for them? Which ones work and which ones don't? How do you meld two or more cultures (print and broadcast, specifically) into one media outlet with a minimum of bloodletting? How do you foster creativity in such an environment? What are the overall challenges? Rather than how news operations might deal with these challenges based on theories, the author might give readers an idea of how workers and managers in converged newsrooms are actually dealing with the challenges in real-world applications. …


Having on mind the fact that the name of the country and its logo and slogan are very important for destination branding and its positioning on the global market, this paper will be focused on the branding system of Montenegro. The main purpose of the paper is to identify main advantages and disadvantages of its branding system in order to create a coherent visual and verbal identity which differentiate Montenegro from the competition and position it as an attractive, unique, recognizable destination on the global market. The paper is based on the survey research design because of the fact that it represents a very valuable tool for assessing opinions, attitudes and beliefs of not only tourists, but also local residents about the branding system of Montenegro. The paper is based on the mixed research methods which involve both -collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. The paper represents mixed research approach which includes mixing quantitative and qualitative approaches in an interactive way at all stages of the investigation. The main findings of the paper refer to the identification of the main associations on brand "wild beauty" and highlighting of its main advantages and disadvantages in order to point out the necessity of rebranding system of Montenegro. The survey includes some topics about branding system of Montenegro which have never been carried in Montenegro before.


Availability of reliable knowledge on future climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation are considered key elements to improving adaptive capacities and developing proper adaptation actions. The Nile Delta vulnerability to Sea Level Rise (SLR) has been the subject of a relatively significant number of studies in Egypt. The research question that this paper intends to address is "to what extent have the produced scientific knowledge supported climate change adaptation policy making, concerning inundation by SLR in the Nile Delta". To address this question, the paper begins with a review of the literature on policy-research interaction, based on which a framework of policy-research interactions is developed. This is followed by examining generated knowledge from research and the role of such knowledge on adaptation strategy development in Egypt. It was found that the research cycle has provided ample knowledge on the Nile Delta vulnerability to inundation by SLR. Additionally, the bulk of this research work and produced knowledge have been the main source of information for climate change adaptation policymaking. The interaction between research and policymaking interest in the climate change adaptation arena in Egypt confronted several challenges that may have reduced impacts of research on policymaking. These challenges included low interest in the far future, uncertain sea level rise impacts among policymakers and the uncoordinated research and varied estimates of sea level rise impacts provided by the research cycle. Moreover, the lack of proper and effective communication channels between the two cycles may have further hindered possible interaction.


This paper contributes to the growing literature on the economics of credit rating agencies. Generally, information provision has been identified as the major economic function of rating agencies. We analyze whether the introduction of the "watchlist" period by Moody's on October 1, 1991 has extended the role that agencies play on the market, as proposed by Boot, Milbourn, and Schmeits (2006). Do rating agencies enter into a dialogue with firms and thereby influence the default risk of issuers? Using a data set of rating history between 1982 and 2004, we find that the overall information content of rating action has increased since the introduction of watchlist procedure, even after controlling for sample composition and time trend.


The accuracy of digital elevation models (DEMs) in urban areas is influenced by numerous factors including land cover and terrain irregularities. Moreover, building artifacts in global DEMs cause artificial blocking of surface flow pathways. This compromises their quality and adequacy for hydrological and environmental modelling in urban landscapes where precise and accurate terrain information is needed. In this study, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) ensemble algorithm is adopted for enhancing the accuracy of two medium-resolution 30m DEMs over Cape Town, South Africa: Copernicus GLO-30 and ALOS World 3D (AW3D). XGBoost is a scalable, portable and versatile gradient boosting library that can solve many environmental modelling problems. The training datasets are comprised of eleven predictor variables including elevation, urban footprints, slope, aspect, surface roughness, topographic position index, terrain ruggedness index, terrain surface texture, vector roughness measure, forest cover and bare ground cover. The target variable (elevation error) was calculated with respect to highly accurate airborne LiDAR. After training and testing, the model was applied for correcting the DEMs at two implementation sites. The correction achieved significant accuracy gains which are competitive with other proposed methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) of Copernicus DEM improved by 46 to 53% while the RMSE of AW3D DEM improved by 72 to 73%. These results showcase the potential of gradient boosted trees for enhancing the quality of DEMs, and for improved hydrological modelling in urban catchments.


All social agents share the younger generations' actual success or failure to integrate and develop within society. In order to achieve their effective citizenship, youths require institutional structures that may allow them to participate actively in public events and become satisfactorily self-supporting. Since youth is the stage in life when citizenship is shaped, all EU's governmental bodies, member states and regional administrations are responsible for implementing the necessary resources to enhance youths' active participation. Younger cohorts in Europe are likely to lead a new definition of our current social structures. In this sense, the European youth associations' movement - given its extension – is one of the key agents to be considered. The design and implementation of current and future youth services across Europe will have to take into account such platforms as the European Youth Forum (YFJ), an international youth organisation catering for the needs of young people. The European Youth Forum (YFJ), set up in Brussels in 1996, is a democratic platform advocating for the interests of more than 10 million young Europeans and co-ordinating 91 member organisations, including national youth councils and youth NGOs across Europe. This text aims to explain the YFJ's internal structure and the range of services it provides to European youth organisations. Moreover, it also aims to highlight the importance of the YFJ's actions regarding the European youths involvement in the current socio-demographic context.

 Key words: Youths; Youth services; European Youth Forum (YFJ); Youth emancipation; International co-operation; European Union.


The horse market has been gaining prominence in the agribusiness scenario, where it has been increasing and having recognition. On farms, horse breeding is not only used for farm, horse or hobby services, but also as a means of acquiring income and business for owners. The objective of this work was to raise the costs for the establishment of the rearing area, which is grazing, as well as the breeding of horses, aiming to observe the profitability of selling foals from insemination. A cost spreadsheet has been created for the establishment of a horse breeding site, a horse breeding artificial insemination technique costing and a breeding profitability organization. For the execution of the work, the collection of costs was produced at the agricultural and construction store, in the city of Quissamã, north of Rio de Janeiro. Regarding the pasture, a project was created based on the original plant, executed by the architecture company Zahir Engenharia. One of the biggest expenses on reproduction is semen. However, skilled employees also make the budget more expensive, but they are critical to the successful development of the creation. In the construction part, the most costly of the budget is the wooden fence due to the size of the pasture that will be fenced. It was concluded that to start a horse breeding requires an investment of $ 100,000 initially, making a profit of $ 30,000 in the second year, varying according to the sale of animals. It was then concluded that equine breeding is advantageous in a return of 2 years.


A solution to controlling fiber cement sheet production in a processing plant is presented. A production machine model is described that was obtained by solving the continuity equation for three cascade vats. An adaptive algorithm for microcomputer system control of the production process was developed. Results obtained from tests performed on this algorithm in real production conditions show a greater than 20% production gain and an increased production stability.<<ETX>>


Since human being has to adapt to the new technologies and methodologies that are emerging, it is fundamental to " unlearn " older contents in order to " relearn " new contents (Schneider, 2018). In this regard we present "MOOC: Getting Started whit Trello", where we introduce this Project Management tool inspired by the "Kanban" methodology (Firmino, 2017). This course is based on the creation of an example project, in which Trello will be used as a project management tool. Several functionalities are used (boards, lists, cards, labels) which the tool makes available in order to follow the various stages of the project from start to finish (Ribeiro, 2018).  At the end of the course, the trainee, to obtain the certificate, needs to know how to master the tool in order to manage a project. The MOOC is available in the e-raises platform of IPSantarem as support to the learning contents (videos, exercises and documentation).


A field experiment was conducted in aman season (July-December) 2006 to study the effect of harvesting time on the quality of aromatic rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of three harvesting time viz., 25 days after flowering (DAF), 30 DAF, 35 DAF. Three aromatic rice varieties namely, Kataribhog, Badshabhog and BRRI dhan34 were included in the experiment. It may be concluded that the aromatic rice harvesting at 30 to 35 days after flowering (DAF) was found to be suitable for higher grain quality in respect of head rice outturn, elongation ration, volume expansion ratio and amylose content. Among the tested varieties, BRRI dhan34 and Badshabhog were suitable in respect of head rice outturn and volume expansion ratio than Kataribhog.


Accelerated marrow adipogenesis has been associated with ageing and osteoporosis and is thought to be because of an imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). We have previously found that lysyl oxidase (Lox) inhibition disrupts BMP4‐induced adipocytic lineage commitment and differentiation of MSCs. In this study, we found that lox inhibition dramatically up‐regulates BMP4‐induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein 10 (CHOP‐10), which then promotes BMP4‐induced osteogenesis of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, Lox inhibition or CHOP‐10 up‐regulation activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling to enhance BMP4‐induced osteogenesis, with pro‐adipogenic p38 MAPK and Smad signalling suppressed. Together, we demonstrate that Lox/CHOP‐10 crosstalk regulates BMP4‐induced osteogenic and adipogenic fate determination of MSCs, presenting a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.


Most prisoners released in the United States are subject to community supervision, often called parole. But little is known about whether parole increases public safety outcomes or improves reentry transitions. This study compares prisoners released to supervision—via mandatory and discretionary release—with prisoners released unconditionally. Bureau of Justice Statistics data on 38,624 state prisoners released in 1994 from 15 states are analyzed, along with the differences between these groups and their rearrest rates. [View the corresponding press release ]


Insight into dynamics of speech perception in English and Japanese native speakers using a mouse-tracking paradigm Hia Datta Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, WCMC & The Graduate Center, CUNY Ran Liu Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University & Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, WCMC Jason Zevin Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, WCMC Abstract: In American English, the qualitative vowel contrasts /I/-/E/ and /E/-/ae/ are distinguished primarily by spectral and duration cues, respectively. Japanese uses duration cues for quantitative, but not qualitative contrasts. We measured arm movements with a mouse-tracking task while native English and Japanese speakers living in the United States distinguished spectral and duration contrasts in the word pairs "pin/pen" and "pen/pan." While both groups identified the words correctly, when distinguishing pan from pen, the English but not Japanese speakers' mouse-trajectories lean towards 'pen' earlier in the trial, when the information accumulated to that point is more consistent with the shorter of the two words. This suggests that while English speakers act rapidly on incoming acoustic information as it unfolds, Japanese speakers wait for more information before responding. These results may reflect Japanese speakers' expertise with duration cues from extensive experience with native quantity contrasts.


This chapter addresses the dynamics and patterns of the Syrian refuge in Syria's neighboring countries, and its relations and interactions with the local host communities, in the broader context of the Syrian conflict and the massive exile of Syrians abroad that resulted from it. The chapter is based on in-depth fieldwork in the villages of the Dayr al-Ahmar caza (sub-district) in the muhafaza (district) of Baalbek-Hermel, in the north of the Bekaa plain in Lebanon. Our research focused primarily on the three villages that have the highest concentration of Syrian refugees according to a local census carried out in April 2016 by some of the caza's municipalities.

To examine the dynamics of hosting and being hosted, as well as contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the relations between Lebanese and Syrian refugees in Lebanon, the authors chose to study the Syrian refuge through a local prism. The authors rooted their inquiry in the host–guest relationship in time—the contemporary history of Syrian–Lebanese relations—and space—the Bekaa plain that combines dense social transborder interactions between Lebanese and Syrians, in particular, through the decades-long Syrian circular labor migrations to Lebanon—with memories of Syria's political and military domination over Lebanon.


Background/Objective: Photoacoustic tomography possesses increasing potential as a noninvasive imaging method that combines optical and acoustic imaging to maximize the visualization of tissue. Determining the composition, orientation, and location of anatomical structures in multidimensional space requires maximizing image resolution and differentiation from noise and reflection artifacts. Using simulations to develop and improve methods for image resolution allows for flexibility and variation of numerous variables.


Tapping and ethylene stimulation induce s the dynamic change of latex cell metabolism. Those changes under the implement of low frequency tapping systems with ethylene stimulation were investigated during the both periods ( low yield and the high yield) of the year of production. The experiment was established at Thepa Research Station, Songk hla province by using 9 - year - old rubber trees (clone RRIM 600). An experiment was arranged as One Tree Plot design, there were five treatments following T1: S/3 d1 2d/3, T 2: S/2 d2, T3: S/2 d3 ET 2.5% Pa1(1) 8/y (m), T4: S/3 d2 ET 2.5% Pa1(1) 4/y (m) and T 5: S/3 d3 ET 2.5% Pa1(1) 12/y (m). There were three replicates in each treatment. It was found that ethylene stimulation affected the responses of initial flow rate (IFR), plugging index (PI), average latex yield (AY) and sucrose content (Suc). There was a significant difference among the treatments in the both periods. After ethylene stimulation, IFR of the T3 and T5 were superior in the low yield period and showed inferior in the high yield period compared with the T1. PI rapidly decreased in the ethylene application treatments in the both periods. AY of the T3 was the highest in the low yield period and AY of the ethylene stimulation treatments was higher than non - stimulated treatments in the high yield period. Suc of the T3 only increased on the first ta pping day after stimulation in the both periods. Expression to the ethylene stimulation in the low yield period was higher than the high yield period. It was remarkable that the stimulation was effecti vely expressed during a full canopy stage. With the pos itive impact of stimulation on latex physiological parameters, latex yield under low frequency tapping could be compe nsated by ethylene application. (Resume d'auteur)


We present an audiovisual approach to the problem of voice activity detection for systems with a single microphone and a single camera with multiple people in the camera's field of view. We aim to have a speech activity detection result per person. The approach utilizes a face tracking and lip contour tracking algorithm for the video analysis, and pitch presence detection and formant frequency tracking algorithms for the audio analysis. When from the audio we detect speech activity and from the video we find lip activity for more than a single person, we check for each person whether the vowels correspond with the video mouth parameters to find out if this person speaks. To this end we make use of the F1-F2 speech formant diagram in which we propose three vowel groups that are distinctive both from audio and video data.


The composite materials have been used in aerospace industries for quite some time. Several non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods have been developed to inspect composites in order to detect flaws, matrix cracking, and delamination. These methods include ultrasonics, acoustic emission, shearography, thermography, X-ray, and digital image correlation. The NDE Branch of Marshall Space Flight Center has recently acquired a thermal imaging NDE system. The same system has been used at NASA Langley Research Center for detecting disbonds. In order to compare different NDE methods, three carbon/carbon composite panels were used for experiment using ultrasonic C-scan, shearography, and thermography methods. These panels have teflon inserts to simulate the delamination between plies in a composite panel. All three methods have successfully located the insert. The experiment and results are presented in the following sections.


Nowadays, large monolithic machined parts are increasingly used in aerospace industry. Machining-induced residual stress usually dominates thin part's distortion. The resultant part input with mutual corresponding distortion pattern and inner residual stress has an impact on subsequent assembly geometric and stress variation of thin-walled structure. Final pre-stressed assembly state further affects product functionality. This paper illustrates a simulated methodology combining automatic scripting technique with a FEA tool to reveal the assembly variation's distribution and pattern caused by the fluctuation of machining-induced residual stress. A typical assembly unit case in aircraft is investigated by applying the proposed methodology, more specifically, considering the uncertainty of the dominant shear stress via simulating the normal distributed weights of basis functions. Moreover, the quantitative effect of introducing residual stress is explored to examine the applicability of traditional Method of Influence Coefficients, which constructs a sensitivity matrix of the linear relation between incoming part variation and output assembly variation using FEA. This study enhances the understanding of the effect of introducing residual stress into assembly and helps the statistical inference about both geometric and stress aspects.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This article examines methodological problems in Foucault's dispositif analysis and Latour's actor-network theory. In order to address the question of the two methods' compatibility, the paper does not start from Foucault's dispositif, but from discourse theory. It is argued that the former is grounded in the latter, and that Latour's ANT — both in its initial as well as in its recent form (as formulated in the Modes of Existence) — is based on an underlying and implicit Foucauldian discourse logic. In a second step, the dispositif analysis is introduced on the basis of what could be called Foucault's problem, i.e., the question of how to categorize dispositifs. The article shows that ANT has a similar problem that Latour tries to solve by introducing his modes of existence. A combined reading of the two approaches, the author finally states, can very fruitfully contribute to cultural analysis.


An example of the implementation of fine-grained concrete in the production of fine-grained concrete products is considered in the given article. The actuality of this work is to obtain high quality material using local raw materials. The advantage of using high-strength fine-grained (sandy) concrete is that it reduces the volume of concrete (up to 50%), which reduces the mass of building structures. The reduction of construction weight reduces the cost of all materials included in the concrete (up to 50%), reinforcing steel by up to 30%. At the same time, the complexity of production, transportation costs and other additional costs will be reduced. The production composition of road slab concrete for permanent roads (class B25 coarse-grained concrete) was replaced by B60 fine-grained concrete. The usage of B60 class sand concrete for the construction of road slabs in accordance with GOST 21924.2-84 leads to an increase in their load-bearing capacit.


The absence of an adequate basic therapeutics of asthma is the most frequent reason of heavy exacerbations of the disease demanding hospitalization and leading to considerable expenditures. The calculation of direct medical expenditures on the treatment of exacerbation of asthma in the Hospital of emergency aid of Krasnodar has been made. The reasons and starting factors of the development of exacerbation has been analysed.


The guard rail (3) is connected to a holding component which fixes it in the groove (2). The holding component has at least one, and particularly two laterally extending projections (10), which engage on the side surfaces (13) of the groove, fixing the holding component in the groove. The holding component is suspended in the guard rail, particularly in lateral recesses (12), and at least partly engages around the rail. The holding component is a spring unit (5). It is U-shaped, and its free ends (9) are angled and face one another.


Physicians aren't used to thinking of television as an agent of pediatric disease. However, experts increasingly contend that television may indeed play such a role. The disease: obesity.


This chapter introduces the material to be studied in Part II; it outlines the types of evidence for functional domestic artefacts that reveal the experiences of daily life in Roman and late antique Egypt. It explains that an analysis of object function can reveal how objects were used for different activities on a day-to-day basis, and therefore demonstrate some of the experiences of people in the past. The section assesses a range of everyday artefacts in durable materials, like stone, glass, ceramic, metals, and bone and ivory. Artefacts associated with daily activities such as cooking and dining, lighting the home, leisure time, and textile production are discussed in relation to specific examples from the archaeological record and textual sources. The section also addresses the extraordinary organic artefacts surviving from Egypt, and the special value of functional artefacts made of wood, textiles, leather, and other perishable materials. Organic artefacts associated with home furnishings and other textiles, writing tools and materials, basketry, and cleaning equipment, are discussed in relation to the experiences they facilitated in Roman and late antique Egypt. The chapter also discusses how these artefacts reveal the temporal rhythms of the home and multifunctional nature of domestic space and objects.


Studies were conducted in human isolated coronary arteries to explore the vascular effects of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist telcagepant and to compare its coronary vasoconstrictive potential to that of zolmitriptan. KCl precontracted coronary vessels were shown to relax to human αCGRP, with the CGRP-mediated vasorelaxation completely blocked with 30 μM telcagepant. In coronary vessels at basal tone, zolmitriptan caused a concentration-dependent contraction (pEC50 = 6.9 ± 0.1; slope 0.94), with the greatest contraction obtained between 1 and 10 μM in most tissues. In contrast, telcagepant at concentrations up to 30 μM evoked no change in contractile tone. These findings suggest the potential for CGRP receptor antagonists to exert antimigraine efficacy in the absence of adverse effects on coronary tone.


Accurate records and prediction of the number of the rice planthopper's outbreaks and the environmental information of farmland are effective measures to control pests' damages. On the other hand, a new round of technological revolution from the Internet to the Internet of things is taking place in the field of information. The application of the Internet of things in rice planthopper and environmental online monitoring is an effective measure to solve problems existing in the present wired sensor monitoring technology. Having described the general framework of wireless sensor nodes in the Internet of things in this paper, the software and hardware design schemes of wireless sensor nodes are proposed, combining the needs of rice planthopper and environmental monitoring. In these schemes, each module's design and key components' selection are both aiming to the characteristics of the Internet of things, so it has a strong practical value.


Q: In 1972 you came to the conclusion that the aesthetics of reception had introduced a new paradigm for literary studies. Do you still hold this opinion? Rene Wellek, for example, has demurred, noting that there have always been investigations like the aesthetics of reception; Manfred Naumann speaks of a "swing of the pendulum" rather than a change of paradigms. In other words, what was "paradigmatically" new that the aesthetics of reception brought to literary studies? A: As in other disciplines, a scholarly change of paradigms in literary studies is not an event that falls from heaven like some pure innovation. When a new paradigm is effective, this is judged by the new questions which it can formulate for old problems, by seeing whether it can solve them in new ways, by unknown problems which thereby come to light, and by seeing whether, in all these cases, methods can be developed which contribute to the enrichment of the scholarly tradition. The history of art has always played itself out as a process among author, work, and public; the dialectic of production and reception has always been mediated through the interaction of the two, that is, through literary communication. In this sense, the "aesthetics of reception" was always possible, but this is not to say what Rene Wellek means, namely, that there also always were investigations like the aesthetics of reception. Before the beginning of the great period of historicism, at the turn from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century, literary reception was always seen from the perspective of an aesthetics of effect [Wirkungsisthetik] which stood in the tradition of rhetoric and Aristotelian poetics, but which was not interested in the historical conditions of the aesthetic effect of works of art. The last


Abstract: Non‐aqueous phase liquids enter the vadose zone as a result of spills or leaking underground storage facilities, thus contaminating groundwater resources. Measuring the contaminant concentrations is important in assessing the risk to human health and the environment and to develop effective remediation. This research presents the development and application of the light transmission method (LTM) for three‐phase flow systems, aimed at investigating unstable fingered flow in a soil‐air‐oil‐water system. The LTM uses the hue and intensity of light transmitted through a slab chamber to measure fluid content, since total liquid content is a function of both hue and light intensity. Evaluation of the LTM is obtained by comparing experiments with LTM and synchrotron X‐rays. The LTM captures the spatial resolution of the fluid contents and can provide new insights into rapidly changing, two‐phase and three‐phase flow systems. Application of the LTM as a visualization technique for environmental and physical phenomena is noted. Visualization by LTM of groundwater remediation by surfactants as well as visualization of model cluster growth and fractal dimensions was also explored.


ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical experience about the treatment of ileum-ureter operation in ureteral calculi combinated with huge kidney pooled water.MethodsHave anastomoses outside of peritoneum between the kidney bottom and the top of bladder by using the end of ileum as drawn aisle of ileum after the operation of abstracting the ureteral calculi.ResultsThe patients of 106 cases were all living and the symptoms were improved rapidly.The signs disappeared.The assay of urine,kidney function and electrocyte in blood were basically normal.All cases are followed-up,no obvious complication,the patients had satisfactory quality of life,the effective rate of treatment was 100%.ConclusionsIleum-ureter operation is a kind of effective surgery for the treatment of ureteral calculi combinated with huge kidney pooled water.The operation can do its best to conserve the weak kidney and has the purpose of reducting the rate of kidney removal.


April 2001, Nanjing, PRC: On a bright, sunny spring afternoon I am walking on a section of the Ming dynasty wall in Nanjing and look down to see a dozen heterosexual Chinese couples wearing their Westernized wedding finery, all getting ready for their bridal photo shoots. Juxtaposed against the architectural marker of China's classical military defense, the young women's blindingly white cascades of satin and tulle reflect an aura of transglobal style and desire.June 2007, Shanghai, PRC: Out for a morning stroll before the heat of the day, I turn a corner and encounter on the sidewalk a line of qipao-dad young waitresses listening attentively to the manager's directives for good service and good business. Through the city's haze I can make out the glitzy high-rise buildings of the Pudong, a symbol of China's rapidly modernizing desires to connect with the world.Twenty-first- century Chinese cities are spaces not only of architectural hybridity displaying the co-temporality of the dynastic past and the postsocialist future but also locales in which young women perform and negotiate the polyvalent discourses of what it means to be a woman in China. When many students in U.S. college classrooms are asked to offer images of Chinese women, the most frequent (and in some instances pernicious) representations are those of the lotus-footed woman, the state-indoctrinated Maoist revolutionary, the dutiful mother who must adhere to the draconian one- child law, or the young athlete from the dour state-run sports training facilities.1 The U.S. popular press has added to this list by regularly portraying unisex-uniformed factory workers, female laboring drones whose undifferentiated, unadorned, and exploited female bodies seemingly drive the engine of China's economic growth and power. In many women's studies courses these same bodies become the singular markers of Chinese womanhood, distanced from Western conceptions of femininity. Yet two other figures of femininity have emerged directly from the spaces of consumption generated by the growing Chinese economy: one a fashionable femininity encoded by the white wedding gown of Western modernity, and the other a cultural femininity enrobed in a version of the traditional Chinese qipao. Both forms of femininity are seen across the Chinese metropolitan landscape of restaurants, photography studios, and mega-shopping districts. Arising at the intersections of global market capitalism, nationalism, and heteronormativity, these two garments and those who don them represent a dyad pointing to the complex, overlapping, and even contradictory embodiments of femininity in contemporary China.Together the white wedding gown and qipao function to delineate the problematic relationship of desire, beauty, and agency in interpreting Chinese female subjectivity. In contrast to the female factory worker's uniform that inscribes her into a monochromatic construction of an asexualized femininity limited to mechanical reproduction in factory settings, these two pieces of female clothing write into the space of Chinese urbanity a femininity that must account for the coexistence of contrasting temporal moments, competing cultural values, and differing sexualities. The qipao represents a stylization of a hypersexualized and depoliticized cultural past visible primarily through the framework of the modern-day service industry, while the white wedding gown symbolizes the emergent present linked to a romanticized ideology of globalization, female worldliness, and heterosexuality. These garments represent what might best be called prefashioned femininities. Each is a type of uniform that marks its wearer within a pre-established and overdetermined definition of femininity. The qipao is literally in service to the hospitality industry as an uniform reliant on the semiotics of a nostalgic Chinese beauty etched with a heightened sexuality and linked to a commercialized, cosmopolitan past (and future). …


Publishing the results of a research group in a scientific article always creates the debate about authorship. The APA considers authors as those who bring real and substantial scientific contribution by participating in revealing the challenge, formulating hypotheses and the experimental design, assisting the statistical analysis and results interpretation and/or by writing a significant part of the text, with a deep knowledge of the subject. This paper is a review of some relevant cases of malpractice related to co-authorship and the order of signature: the controversy over authorship, ghost authorship and undeserved authorship. The aim is to review the literature on the subject and to know the opinion of Spanish Social Sciences editors on malpractice frequency, severity, ease of identification and future trend. An online questionnaire was answered by 81 Spanish editors of academic journals from the fields of Psychology, Communication and Education. . The results show that a previous agreement to define the difference between authors and collaborators during investigation design as well as a good understanding of the different contributions are the factors to consider avoiding future disputes.
Spanish Social Sciences editors confirm having more difficulty in identifying cases of undeserved authorship and ghost authorship than in the cases of disputed authorship. They consider undeserved authorship as the most frequent malpractice that will continue to grow in the future although the reasons that motivate this opinion have not been stated.


Gathering and reviewing information from multiple systems in a timely manner is a critical function for Windows administrators. This information allows administrators to respond to threats in order to minimize risks to their environments. Winquisitor is a tool that facilitates the timely retrieval of information from multiple Windows systems enabling the administrator to respond in an appropriate amount of time. Unlike other command line tools, Winquisitor allows multiple types of queries in a single command with several output formats. This saves the administrator the time it would take to combine the results from multiple command line tools into a usable and actionable


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a disease with a significant worldwide impact. In Europe and the United States, chronic hepatitis C is the most common cause of chronic hepatic disease and the main indication for liver transplantation. Recurrent hepatitis C infection is universal among transplant recipients who have detectable viremia at the time of transplantation. Hepatitis C treatment was revolutionized with the introduction of safe, powerful direct action antivirals (DAA), which allow the use of multidrug combinations that can selectively inhibit the targets required for viral replication. One of these regimens combined paritarpevir [NS3/4A protease inhibitor], ombitasvir [NS5A inhibitor] and dasabuvir [NS5B polymerase inhibitor], plus ribavirin and was found to be highly effective (SVR rates of 97% in genotype 1). We report the results of a real-world clinical practice study in a single clinical unit in 22 liver graft recipients, transplanted due to cirrhosis caused by genotype 1 HCV with post-transplantation viral recurrence, who received ombitsavir combined with paritaprevir-ritonavir plus dasabuvir and ribavirin. We found an SVR rate at 12 weeks post-treatment of 100% and a remarkably low rate of adverse events. Conclusion: oral ombitasvir combined with ritonavir-paritaprevir plus dasabuvir and ribavirin for 24 weeks is a highly effective treatment for eliminating HCV in liver transplant recipients with genotype 1 and scant fibrosis, producing few serious adverse effects. Abbreviations: CBC: Complete Blood Count; CMP: Comprehensive Metabolic Panel; DAA: Direct Action Antivirals; DSV: Dasabuvir; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; OBV: Ombitasvir; PTV: Paritaprevir; PEGIFN: Pegylated Interferon; r: Ritonavir; RBV: Ribavirin; SVR: Sustained Virologic Response


Study nature love nature stay close to nature It will never fail you The six best doctors sunshine water rest air exercise diet No pills No herbs no shakes no injection no starvation just healthy diet The greatest health is wealth let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food- Hippocrates To keep the body in good health is a duty... otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear. - Buddha Take a quiet walk with mother nature it will nurture your mind, body, and soul -Anthony Douglas Williams.