In this paper, we are studied the problem of data associating in track-before detect (TBD) multiple radar system. The influence of trajectory parameters accuracy (errors) on the quality of work of TBD multiradar system is estimated. We suppose the Hough space discretization to be two times larger than max measure error of target co-ordinate.


Abstract An efficient and selective oxidation of benzoins into corresponding benzils using chromium trioxide under viscous conditions at room temperature is described. The present oxidations are completed within 2 h with the yield of 86–96%. It can overcome the problems of the common solvent-free reactions, in which it is difficult for the solid molecular collision to react.


Microstructure evolution of Fe-1.18%Cu high purity steels during solution and aging was investigated under high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). In addition, the aging strengthening mechanisms were discussed based on the microstructure observation. The results show that there were lots of Cu atom clusters in ferrite matrix during solid solution and aging initial stages, subsequently, Cu-rich metastable Fe-Cu particles precipitate at the aging strength peak. It is found that the intense strengthening is controlled by the coherency relationship of Fe-Cu metastable phase with matrix that forms the obstacle of the dislocation motion, while the decrease of strength after the peak is attributed to the loss of coherency, which should highly likely be the dominant reason of aging strengthening in Cu bearing high purity steels Thus our TEM observation results are in reasonably agreement with some previous assume.


Herein, the synthesis of block random-copolymers via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is presented. A random-copolymer of norbornene dimethyl ester with different xanthen-functionalized norbornene derivatives was used as a hydrophobic block while, the hydrophilic part was built from an ethylene glycol-substituted monomer. The self-association of these block random-copolymers in MeOH was strongly influenced by the ionization state of the dye molecules, as shown by a combination of UV-Vis absorption and dynamic light scattering measurements. Aggregate sizes were significantly smaller for samples with charged dye molecules in the core of the aggregate. These findings were attributed to ion pair formation of the charged dye molecules and the according counter ions, thus, inducing strongly attractive dipole-dipole interactions. The optical properties of the dyes under investigation, however, were preserved within the polymer aggregates.


ERS-l/ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar interferometry and Landsat TM was used to study the Maergaichaka fault where Manyi earthquake occured on Nov. 8, 1997 in Tibet, China. We derived an accurate digital elevation model(DEM) and the deformation interferogram of the Manyi earthquake using a tandem ERS-l/ERS-2 image pair and modeled the left- lateral slip of the fault in three dimension using half infinite elastic model. Detail geological and geomorphological offsets revalued using river valleys and structural markers on the Landsat ETM images at different scales are used to constrain the localization, total displacement at the Maergaichaka fault, Tibet China. The river network morphology associated with small rivers is offset by several meters to several kilometers along the maergaichaka fault. Our results indicates that the leftlateral slip of the fault has accommodated the shortening of the India-Eurasian lithospheric plates.


a. the influence of growth hormone The changes in the body composition of animals after treatment with pituitary growth extracts have been studied by several investigators. Both Downs (1930) and Wadehn (1932) obtained accelerated growth in mice with a pituitary preparation and found that the treated animals contained more water and protein but less fat than did the controls. Bierring and Nielsen (1932) induced increase in body weight in rats by an alkaline anterior pituitary extract and showed that the body weight increment was not entirely due to retention of water. Using the pair-fed technique, Lee and Schaffer (1934) conclusively demonstrated that the growth in rats caused by injection of pituitary growth extract is chiefly due to increase in the protein and water content and that there is a decrease in fat. Recent studies of Young 1945) have confirmed these findings.


V. Practice Guideline for Clinical Assessment ofFactors in Competency Determination 7 A. Refen-alClarification 7 B. General Assessment Planning 9 C. Assessment Domains 10 I. TheClinicallnterview lO 2. CognitiveAssessment Guideline II 3. Mental Health Assessment Guideline 16 4. Guideline for Assessment of Specific Capacities 19 D. Synthesis ofData and Communication of Findings 26 I. Determination ofKey Findings and Developing Conclusions 26 2. Preparation ofWritten Report 28 3. Discussion of Assessment Data 28 E. Follow-Up Evaluation 28


The Counter-Reformation period is a rare example of a direct influence of theological ideas on painting—not only in themes but also in style. The altarpieces of Peter Paul Rubens are a supreme example of baroque Catholic painting that translates Tridentine theology into art.


The nematic director alignment in the liquid crystal cell was reversibly regulated by geometrical isomerization of α-hydrazono-β-keto ester derivatives directly linked on the substrate surface. The reversible change in the shape of the photochromic molecules may be responsible for regulating the alignment of the nematic liquid crystals.


ABSTRACT This study collects and analyzes information on the characteristics of the community and the public library system of East Brunswick, and provides an example of a library planning method responsive to community needs. Unobtrusive data collection techniques utilizing the 1970 census, local reports, and library records were the primary sources of information. Specific goals formulated as a result of the study include: (1) expanding Young Adult Services, (2) computerizing the circulation control system, and (3) increasing the resources in the collection. This study is also useful as an example of community analysis done by a public library. (STS)


The diversity of ecological and behavioural adaptations of the Carnivora makes them an exemplary group for studying patterns of mammalian social evolution. In particular, species displaying sex-specific forms of social organisation offer the opportunity for investigating sex-specific costs and benefits in order to reveal the determinants and mechanisms of sociality. The mongooses (Herpestidae) are one group of small-bodied carnivores in which studies on a small number of highly social, cooperatively breeding species have significantly contributed to the understanding of group living and reproductive skew in mammals. In contrast, much less is known on the social systems of the closest related taxon, the Malagasy carnivores (Eupleridae). However, this group provides a great potential to study the pace and mechanisms of carnivore social evolution in a comparative perspective, because it evolved in isolation on Madagascar for more than 20 myr.
In this thesis, I present the social organisation, life-history and genetic characteristics of the Malagasy narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata) in Kirindy Forest/CNFEREF, a seasonal dry forest in western Madagascar. As a basis for inter-specific comparisons, I provide a comprehensive review summarising and evaluating the state of knowledge on the social systems and life-history traits of herpestids and euplerids and relate them to predictions of socio-ecological theory.
During field studies from 2011 to 2014, I trapped, measured, genetically sampled and individually marked 63 narrow-striped mongooses. I collected spatial, demographic and behavioural data on a total of 40 radio-collared individuals (20 males, 20 females) and their associated conspecifics during systematic tracking and census. In order to characterise the social organisation of M. decemlineata, I analysed the composition of social units with regard to sex and age of individuals, and their home range size and distribution. Additionally, I analysed sex ratios, mortality, and reproductive traits within the study population. Furthermore, I conducted mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses based on samples of the 63 trapped individuals and further 33 ones from a previous study between 2000 and 2010. Microsatellite analyses were based on 13 loci reported from the fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox), which had shown to amply successfully in preliminary testing. In order to reveal the local genetic structure and dispersal patterns, I analysed haplotype diversity and distribution in males and females. Based on microsatellites, I analysed the relatedness within sexes and social units, and parentages and sibships.
I found males and females to live in small same-sexed social units. In total, I observed nine female units and 13 male associations during 497 h, collected 10,411 scans and 1,879 triangulation fixes. Female units were based on matrilines. Their members showed higher relatedness than expected by chance and comprised on average two adult females, one juvenile and one infant. They occupied exclusive territories. Their home range size (mean 90% kernel estimation: 30.4 ha) was not related to their numerical size, but larger during the lean dry season than during the rainy season. Males formed association of up to four individuals, which disintegrated during the mating period and varied in composition among years. In the large majority, associated males were not more closely related than expected by chance. Male home ranges (mean 90% kernel estimation: 63.9 ha) showed high overlap with associated and non-associated males, and encompassed those of up to four females.
Dispersal was male-biased, supported by higher haplotype diversity in males than females. Life-histories were indicated to be slow, with males dispersing at an earlier age than females. Mortality did not differ between sexes, but observations indicated that particularly solitarily roaming males were vulnerable to predation. Reproductive skew in females based on emerged pups was low, but post partum mortality limited successful reproduction to dominants. Paternity distribution, adult sex ratios and mating behaviour indicated mild promiscuity, with males fathering pups of different female units within the same season.
In conclusion, patterns in M. decemlineata followed important predictions of socio-ecological theory regarding the distribution of males and females. Anti-predator benefits probably determined gregariousness in both sexes. In contrast, kinship was not indicated as a major determinant of male sociality. The sexual segregation in M. decemlineata appears to be strongly related to reproductive strategies displayed in male roaming behaviour, the resulting differences in activity and sexual harassment by males and female aggression towards males. In females, occasional dispersal is indicated to be a trade-off between direct benefits of philopatric group living and opportunities for reproduction in vacant breeding territories.
In the comparative phylogenetic perspective, the sociality in M. decemlineata shows a higher organisational level than described for several species of the 'solitary herpestid' clade. However, general patterns of the mating system indicate a rather ancestral state in mammalian evolution. Characteristics of the social structure and mating system provide starting points for further research and comparisons to herpestids, e.g. regarding the intensity and mechanisms of female competition and the determinants of reproductive success as well as a potential role of mate choice.


The hike of sustainable, green, clear, efficient, predictable energy demand has been brought about much more attention for non-conventional power generation at an extraordinary and stimulated way. The fuel diversification, performance enhancement, greenhouse gas cut down, varying climatic fluctuation has been very helpful in introducing concept of Microgrid (MG) in domestic, industrial and utility level. The inclusion of Thermoelectric generator (TEG) in hybrid with solar PV system have been proved to be a challenging approach in implementing lower quantum efficient based Solar PV modules with proper utilization of light spectrum and hence deriving the significant amount of power from the module in a very reliable way. This proposed architecture provides power combining the photovoltaic effect and thermoelectric effect which focuses on mobilizing complete use of received solar irradiation by the modules. Three types of MG have been considered over here such as (a) Fuel Cell Technology-Solar PV incorporated conventional Microgrid (b) TEG-Solar PV incorporated Conventional Microgrid (c) TEG incorporated Solar PV based Microgrid. defining the necessity of employment of energy storage system (ESS). The superiority of proposed system is described and explained on the basis for being less complex for RE source incorporation, mitigation of the drawbacks and compactness of Fuel cell technology (FCT) coupling in field and real time analysis, supplying of significantly much more real power and absorbing quite less reactive power over the two conventional configuration. The whole study and entire configuration has been modelled, verified and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the results are presented to support, verify and validate the analysis.


Aviation Sector in India is one of the fast growing Sectors in the world but studies towards customer satisfaction in airlines industry are rare. At this juncture, this paper has made an attempt to find out the factors behind the customer satisfaction in this industry, with special reference to domestic airlines in India. For this purpose, the Researcher framed twenty factors which could influence their satisfaction and attempted to find out most influencing factors for customer satisfaction. 500 respondents were selected to give their satisfaction level on the services provided by the domestic airline carriers in India. After the study, it was found that six factors were most influencing towards customer satisfaction towards the services of domestic airlines in India.


Participants in the forty-year debate over whether insider trading should be liberalized have generally treated insider sales the same as insider purchases - they have argued that all such insider transactions should be either regulated or liberalized. This article contends that there is a principled basis for treating price-decreasing insider trading (e.g., insider sales) more leniently than price-increasing insider trading (e.g., insider purchases). Because equity overvaluation is more likely than equity undervaluation to occur and persist and is more likely to occasion harm to the corporate enterprise when it does occur, corporate constituents (managers and shareholders) would likely value a policy that permits price-decreasing insider trading more than a policy that permits price-increasing insider trading. Thus, the majoritarian default rule may be an asymmetric policy under which price-decreasing insider trading is generally permitted while price-increasing insider trading is generally forbidden.


Currently, millions of people in the world have some type of deficiency in the cardiovascular system, more specifically anomalies in the heart and its heartbeat, most of these individuals end up not discovering these problems in advance, which would have a great impact on the chance of survival. In Brazil, the number of deaths caused by heart problems exceeds 350 thousand per year. The solution found to assist in the prevention and detection of pre-existing problems starts from the approach of analyzing electrocardiograms of people with already known conditions and anomalies, starting from the machine learning method for preventing conditions with only data input to a model. The proposal of this work designs in a prototype in which, in just a few moments, it generates a prediction with a considerable success rate, capable of assisting health professionals to make decisions regarding the patient's situation, based on the analysis of waves from an electrocardiogram (ECG). During this work, it is demonstrated the entire process of data acquisition and selection, treatment and filtering of wave signals until the development of an exam prediction. The results found were correct rates in the infarction class, higher than 80, 90 and up to 95%. It is also important to understand that the increase in the hit rate of the class with the anomaly tends to decrease the hit rate of normal exams.


OBJECTIVE
Moral injury entails psychological, social, and possible spiritual issues that might interfere with veterans' functioning in romantic or intimate relationships. To date, research has not examined the contribution of moral injury outcomes in this core functional domain in many veterans' lives.

METHOD
In total, 65 combat veterans who were engaging in a peer-led intervention for moral injury in a Veteran Service Organization completed the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM-5, and the romantic relationship subscale of the Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning Scale.

RESULTS
Bivariate analyses revealed that moral injury and PTSD symptoms were each associated with worse relationship functioning among the veterans. When including moral injury and PTSD symptoms as predictors in a multivariate analysis, only moral injury was uniquely linked with poorer relationship functioning.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these findings suggest that moral injury could play a pernicious role in many veterans' issues in relationship problems with their spouses or partners. Future research needs to examine the potential utility of addressing moral injury among veterans who are struggling to meet demands for intimacy and connection in their intimate or romantic relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


A land-cover-based linear BRDF (bi-directional reflectance distribution function) unmixing (LLBU) algorithm based on the kernel-driven model is proposed to combine the compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) reflectance with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily reflectance product to derive the BRDF/albedo of the two sensors simultaneously in the foci experimental area (FEA) of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER), which was carried out in the Heihe River basin, China. For each land cover type, an archetypal BRDF, which characterizes the shape of its anisotropic reflectance, is extracted by linearly unmixing from the MODIS reflectance with the assistance of a high-resolution classification map. The isotropic coefficients accounting for the differences within a class are derived from the CASI reflectance. The BRDF is finally determined by the archetypal BRDF and the corresponding isotropic coefficients. Direct comparisons of the cropland archetypal BRDF and CASI albedo with in situ measurements show good agreement. An indirect validation which compares retrieved BRDF/albedo with that of the MCD43A1 standard product issued by NASA and aggregated CASI albedo also suggests reasonable reliability. LLBU has potential to retrieve the high spatial resolution BRDF/albedo product for airborne and spaceborne sensors which have inadequate angular samplings. In addition, it can shorten the timescale for coarse spatial resolution product like MODIS.


Effects of light touch on body sway have usually been investigated with some form of constant contact. Only 2 studies investigated transient sway dynamics following the addition or withdrawal of light touch. This study adopted a paradigm of intermittent touch and assessed body sway during as well as following short periods of touch of varying durations to investigate whether effects and after-effects of touch differ as a function of touch duration. In a modified heel-to-toe posture, 15 blindfolded participants alternated their index finger position between no-touching and touching on a strain gauge in response to low-and high-pitched auditory cues. Five trials of 46 seconds duration were segmented into eleven sections: a 6-second no-touching period was followed by 5 pseudo-randomly ordered touching periods of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2-, and 5-second duration, each of which was followed by another 6-second no-touching interval. Consistent with previous research, compared to no-touching intervals sway was reduced during touch periods with touch durations greater than 2 seconds. Progressive reductions in sway were evident after touch onset. After touch withdrawal in the 2-second touch condition, postural sway increased and returned to baseline level nearly immediately. Interestingly, in the 5-second touch condition, reductions in sway persisted even after touch withdrawal in the medio-lateral and antero-posterior plane for around 2.5 and 5.5 seconds respectively. Our intermittent touch paradigm resulted in duration-dependent touch effects and after-effects; the latter is a novel finding and may result from a more persistent postural set involved in proactive sway control.


The purpose of this paper is to propose the evaluation curve of human senses to seismic vibration based on subject experiments. In this study, following results are obtained. 1) More than 50% of people feel in danger and attempt to take refuge action in SI (instrumental seismic intensity) =5.2 and feel anxious in SI=5.6. 2) When determining an evaluation curve by using probability distribution functions, using acceleration and SI are most suitable to the experiment results. Therefore, two kinds of the evaluation curves which use acceleration and SI are proposed.


There are an estimated 3 to 5 million migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States working in every state. Migrant farmworkers have more health problems and suffer from infectious diseases more frequently than the general population.1"4 Tuberculosis is one of the chief public health concerns in migrant farmworkers, up to 48 percent of whom have positive purified protein derivative (PPD)-tuberculin skin tests.5 This paper describes the results of a community health outreach program conducted during the 1994 and 1995 migrant seasons to provide tuberculosis screening and treatment for migrant farmworkers and their families in Orleans and Monroe Counties in northwest New York State. This area is home to an estimated 3,000 migrant and seasonal farmworkers during the months of June through November. Migrant farmworkers face a number of barriers in obtaining health care, including lack of health insurance, language and cultural differences, uncertain immigration status, fear of deportation, and different interpretations of health and illness.6'7 Several studies have documented the multiple problems migrant farmworkers encounter in obtaining health care services.6'8"10 It is estimated that migrant health centers serve less than 20 percent of migrant farmworkers in the United States.111


In the last twenty years a thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes (TIP) has been vigorously developed which has been able to treat irreversible phenomena in a detailed way. The present macroscopic form of the theory was suggested primarily by the statistical mechanical investigations of Onsager. The presently available experimental data are collected for a variety of quite different irreversible phenomena and it is shown that this evidence does indeed verify the Onsager Reciprocal Relations. Thermoelectricity, electro- kinetics, transference in electrolytic solutions, isothermal diffusion, heat diffusion, heat conduction in anisotropic solids, and thermogalvanomagnetic effects are the phenomena considered in detail. (W.D.M.)


Rhyming slang is originated in East End of London after it came to New Zealand through Australia. These examples of rhyming slang can be found in the Dictionary of New Zealand English.


Bumiputera entrepreneurs often said to be left behind in achieving success in the economic development. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence success of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia and the factors leading Bumiputera entrepreneurs involved in business. In the era of globalization, SMEs represent an important industry in the development of the national economy. SMEs create employment opportunities for the rural and urban communities and increase national income. Among the key factors that influence the success of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises in Malaysia include weaknesses in management, failures in marketing, and difficulties in obtaining financial assistance. Some of the challenges faced by Bumiputera entrepreneurs, small and medium enterprises (SME) are their limited participation in the international market, the shortage of skilled workers, a problem to market the product in the supermarket and the lack of raw materials. Therefore, Bumiputera entrepreneurs must deal with these issues in order not to go bankrupt.


Purpose – To benchmark the degree to which companies in Slovenia, a country that has experienced success in its transition to a market economy, apply strategic management accounting (SMA) techniques.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data collected in Slovenia has been benchmarked to survey data collected in similarly sized Australian companies.Findings – For the Slovenian sample, while none of the techniques investigated are applied extensively, it has been found that competitor focused SMA techniques are the most popular. A group of SMA techniques that have a costing orientation are applied more extensively in Slovenian companies than in the Australian benchmark sample. It has also been found that some techniques that have a relatively high popularity ranking in one country, rank relatively lowly in the other country.Research limitations/implications – In addition to the generally accepted limitations of survey research, it should be noted that there is no definitive listing of SMA techniques and deba...


HYDATID disease, called zoonosis by the World Health Organisation, presents a problem in sheep rearing countries. In the Middle East, the disease is common in Palestine, Syria and Lebanon. El Gazzar and McCreadie (1962) reported on 51 cases of hydatid disease admitted to hospitals in Kuwait between 1955-1960, when the total population was 260,000. Hydatid disease most commonly affects the liver and lungs, whilst hydatid cysts of the pelvic cellular tissues and viscera are rare. El Gazzar and McCreadie (1962), found only one hydatid cyst of the pelvis in their 51 cases. Pelvic hydatid cysts in women may be mistaken for other cysts of the genital organs, because they arise in the pelvic cellular tissues, so that they appear to originate from the genital organs. We wish to present three cases of pelvic echinococcosis encountered in the Gynaecological Department in Kuwait.


Previous Juno mission event studies revealed powerful electron and ion acceleration, to 100s of kiloelectron volts and higher, at low altitudes over Jupiter's main aurora and polar cap (PC; poleward of the main aurora). Here we examine 30–1200 keV JEDI‐instrument particle data from the first 16 Juno orbits to determine how common, persistent, repeatable, and ordered these processes are. For the PC regions, we find (1) upward electron angle beams, sometimes extending to megaelectron volt energies, are persistently present in essentially all portions of the polar cap but are generated by two distinct and spatially separable processes. (2) Particle evidence for megavolt downward electrostatic potentials are observable for 80% of the polar cap crossings and over substantial fractions of the PC area. For the main aurora, with the orbit favoring the duskside, we find that (1) three distinct zones are observed that are generally arranged from lower to higher latitudes but sometimes mixed. They are designated here as the diffuse aurora (DifA), Zone‐I (ZI(D)) showing primarily downward electron acceleration, and Zone‐II (ZII(B)) showing bidirectional acceleration with the upward intensities often greater than downward intensities. (2) ZI(D) and ZII(B) sometimes (but not always) contain, respectively, downward electron inverted Vs and downward proton inverted Vs, (potentials up to 400 kV) but, otherwise, have broadband distributions. (3) Surprisingly, both ZI(D) and ZII(B) can generate equally powerful auroral emissions. It is suggested but demonstrated for intense portions of only one auroral crossing, that ZI(D) and ZII(B) are associated, respectively, with upward and downward electric currents.


Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) is used by communication systems designers as one way to express distortions in digital communications. These distortions may come from initial modulator amplitude and phase imbalances, from linear distortions or non-linear distortions in the transmission chain. It is a good indicator of power amplifiers non-linearity. We propose to use a closed form method based on cross-correlation between input and output signal of the power amplifier as a way to measure either EVM or Noise Power Ratio (NPR). We show the small differences that exist between both measurements. We show also that it can be applied to the measurement of signal EVM at the output of a signal generator or transmission chain.


Background: In spite of the increasing information that has recently been accumulated on the involvement of ghrelin and leptin in energy balance control, the relationship between ghrelin or leptin and the growth hormone (GH)-Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in the pathological condition characterized by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has been poorly clarified. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the correlation of the plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin with the anthropometric and biochemical markers in GHD adults and also in healthy adults. Methods: For the 60 male adults (GHD, n = 12; healthy control, n = 48; average age, 54 years), we investigated the correlations between the serum leptin and ghrelin levels with the anthropometric and biochemical factors in the two groups, as divided by their GH status. The diagnosis of GHD was made on the basis of a peak response for serum GH of less than 5 μ/L to a GH provocative test (L-dopa test). All the subjects underwent assessment of waist circumference, BMI and percentage body fat for their body composition. The plasma ghrelin, leptin, insulin, GH and IGF-1 were measured. Results: The groups were well-matched for their age, BMI, waist circumference and percentage of body fat. The ghrelin and leptin levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no correlation between the peak GH level or the area under the curve of growth hormone (GHAUC) and the ghrelin concentrations in the GHD subjects. Plasma leptin correlated positively with the percentage of body fat, the total cholesterol and the LDL-cholesterol, but it had no correl ation with the peak GH or GHAUC in the GHD subjects. Conclusions: It is possible that the ghrelin concentrations appeared normal in the GHD subjects. Further studies are needed to clarify these controversies about the relation of ghrelin and leptin with the GH and IGF-1 levels. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 21:213~221, 2006)


Much vagueness and lack of sound technical information surrounded the use of diatomaceous earth as an abrasive cleaner even though it had been used for this purpose almost from original plant start-up. In order to explore the application of purging under current conditions, this test was conceived by B Processing Operation to improve the flow of reactor cooling water and to reduce discharge area dose rates. Radiological Engineering was interested in evaluation of the release of radioactive material to the river and evaluation of abrasive cleaning as a possible candidate method of removing the reservoir of radioactive material on reactor tube and fuel element surfaces. 3 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.


Introduction: Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) possesses anti-metabolic and vascular aging properties, and elicits protective functions against atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities. Resveratrol, one of the activator of SIRT1, performs therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis through SIRT1-dependent and SIRT1-independent pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice with different endothelial SIRT1 expression and activity levels. Method: ApoE-/- mice with endothelial-selective overexpression of wild type human SIRT1 (hSIRT1) (WIS ApoE-/-) or its dominant negative mutant hSIRT1 (H363Y) (HIS ApoE-/-) under high fat high cholesterol diet were administered with resveratrol for eight weeks. Serum and tissues were collected for lipid profiling and histological analysis. SIRT1 activity was evaluated by western blot analysis and in-vitro deacetylation assay. Results: Resveratrol significantly improved serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuated atherosclerotic lesions in both ApoE-/- and HIS ApoE-/- mice. However, it adversely affected serum and liver lipid profiles in WIS ApoE-/- mice. Resveratrol did not significantly affect SIRT1 activity in liver tissues of all mice groups. Conclusion: The protected effects on cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis of resveratrol in ApoE-/- mice were modulated by SIRT1 activity in endothelial cells. Introduction: Narirutin, a kind of flavanones, is abundant in citrus fruits. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Its structural similarities, naringin and naringenin, were found to be vasoprotective. However, the vasoprotective effect of narirutin has not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the vasodilatory effect of narirutin. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8-10 weeks old), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (36-40 weeks old) and the normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto rats; WKY) were used in this study. The mesenteric arteries and aortae were isolated for the measurement of isometric tension in relaxation and contraction studies, respectively. Results: The results showed that narirutin caused a concentration-dependent dilation of mesenteric arteries in SD rats. The vasodilation was stronger when the endothelium was present and this effect was partially blocked by L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), ODQ (a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) or 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-activated K + channel blocker). Besides, the impaired acetylcholine (Ach) induced-dilation of mesenteric arteries in SHR was restored when the arteries were pre-incubated with narirutin (10 µM and 30 µM) for 30 minutes. This effect was not observed in the mesenteric arteries of WKY. Furthermore, the Ach-induced endothelium-dependent contraction was studied in the aorta of SHR in the presence of L-NAME. The Ach-induced vasocontraction in SHR was decreased and even abolished when the aortae were pre-incubated with 10 µM and 30µM of narirutin, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the direct vasodilation induced by narirutin was partially endothelium-dependent, which may involve the participation of nitric oxide and voltage-activated K + channels.


In the thesis accounting model of economic activity of shipping companies, that takes into account all directions of activities and sources for its support, has been grounded, the peculiarities of operation in the transport market have been determined, that allowed to make grounding of the role of transport services in the system of accounting objects, the theoretical provisions of forming accounting and analytical support for economic management of shipping companies, that takes into accountsectoral specificities, have been grounded. The features of accounting for sea / river vessels as part of the fixed assets of the shipping companies have been studied, that allowed to work out own methodical approach to accounting for transactions of forming and use of fleet. The complex organizational and methodical approach to accounting for transport services of shipping companies has been worked out. The accounting for revenues and financial results, taking into account sectoral specificities, has been improved. The issues of financial reporting of shipping companies have been covered and the packet of internal reports has been worked out. The formation mechanism of analytical support.


Oxide thin films often exhibit a tendency toward self-organized growth forming regular arrays of three dimensional nanostructures. This behaviour offers enormous potential for the implementation of new nanodevices, while at the same time attracts great attention due to their rich physics. Among them, manganese perovskites showing colossal magnetoresistance and half metallic characteristics have emerged as promising candidates for miniature spintronic devices. Complex oxide thin films are often elastically strained, due to film-substrate lattice mismatch, and this lattice strain can, in some cases, select preferential growth modes leading to the appearance of different selforganized morphologies. In this work we report on the controlled fabrication of self-assembled nanostructures in highly epitaxial La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films [1, 2]. By carefully controlling growth rate dramatic changes of the surface morphology of LSMO films grown on top of SrTiO3 substrate can be induced: from very flat surface, through nanometric mounds and antidots (Figure 1. left) to hatches [1]. All nano-objects form long-range ordered arrays running in the steps direction defined by the miscut angle of underlying substrate [2]. Therefore, it is manifested that self-organization process is directly promoted by the topological features of the substrate and indicate the importance of kinetic effects (adatom diffusion process on surface terrace, over substrate steps, along edges,...). On the other hand, the influence of the lattice strain on antidots formation is studied [3] using different substrates (LaAlO3, NdGaO3, La0.3Sr0.7Al0.35Ta0.35O9) and analyzed within an energetic model proposed by J. Tersoff and F.K. LeGoues [4]. The implementation of self-assembled gold nanoparticles on the top of the nanostructured antidots is explored.


'T'hese notes were gathered together at odd moments on trek during 1936 and 1937. The old men from whom they were extracted, although possessing the usual astonishing memory found everywhere in Africa for the names of men and places, are not, of course, infallible historians. In the main, however, they give a true account of the derivation of the many groups of people that go to make up the so-called Madi of the Sudan and are worth preserving.


Summary: Purpose: This study was undertaken to understand the quality of life, personality, and associated factors in patients with epilepsy.


Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease that presents with progressive dementia and is accompanied by behavioral and psychiatric features and myoclonus. Multimodal approaches, such as EEG, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of brain MRI, and CSF examinations, have been applied to increase the diagnostic accuracy of sCJD. Previous studies have suggested that DWI MRI could be the most useful modality for sCJD diagnosis.1–3 Recently, a study that compared MRI and pathologic findings demonstrated that DWI signal changes correlated with the disease duration and the histopathologic degree of spongiosis.4 However, when DWI signal changes emerge during the prodromal or incipient phase of sCJD remains unclear. Here, we present serial MRI findings acquired from a patient with sCJD before and after the onset of clinical symptoms, demonstrating that the emergence of unilateral cortical hyperintensity on DWI antedates the onset of sCJD.


The layout of the express service stations should consider many factors including the distribution of the customers,the total sending and receiving quantities of the customers,etc. Therefore,the location and vehicle routing problem of the express service stations can be regarded as the optimization of the combination of both the forward logistics of sending goods to the customers and the reverse logistics of receiving goods from the customers. With the goal of the minimization of the construction cost and the transportation cost,a new express logistics model considering the bi-directional logistics is proposed. An improved discrete artificial bee colony algorithm is developed for the optimization of the model. Practical calculation demonstrates that the new algorithm achieves both high efficiency and stable solutions with high quality.


Fifty years of comparative and systematic plant morphology and anatomy are reviewed. Thanks to new techniques (TEM, SEM, cinematography, molecular analyses), and new methods and concepts (cladistics, evolutionary paleobotany, molecular systematics and molecular developmental genetics), plant systematics and comparative structural studies saw major progress. The integration of micromorphological with molecular data has led to an increasingly robust phylogeny of the angiosperms. Successes and failures in the premolecular era of phylogenetic classification using morphological and/or anatomical markers only are illustrated with examples. With the new phylogenetic framework, it becomes possible to trace the evolution of characters more accurately than before. Central problems in comparative and systematic structural studies are the meaning of homology and character definition; some aspects have been elucidated but new ones have appeared with the molecular dimension in evolutionary biology. In vegetative anatomy, the integration of ecological and systematic anatomy into "ecophyletic" anatomy has led to a better understanding of the driving forces behind evolutionary diversification of wood and leaf anatomical attributes. However, the intertwining of ecological (extrinsic) and organisational (intrinsic) constraints in the origin of form remains a major challenge for future studies.


Background There have been published reports from the United Kingdom of good responses to the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Zemaphyte®, Phytopharm Plc, Cambridge, UK) in treating recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. We conducted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study among Chinese patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis using this same herbal preparation.


Application range of IP security protocol(IPSec) is badly restricted due to the incompatibility of IPSec and Network Address Translator(NAT).On the basis of analyzing the cause of the incompatibility between IPSec and NAT,and discussing the methods and the problems of the coordination between IPSec and NAT,this paper puts out the solution to hidden secure trouble about UDP encapsulation IPSec packet,to the circumstance of Network Address and Port Translation(NAPT),output data is unable to locate SA probloms in Secure Association Database(SAD) correctly by selector in Secure Policy Database(SPD).


This study explores the influence of Sunday schools on shaping attitudes towards Christianity among 4,079 eleven to fifteen year olds attending state maintained schools in Dundee who identified themselves as belonging to either no religious group or to non‐Roman Catholic denominations. The data demonstrate that, after controlling for the influence of personal and parental church attendance, age and sex, Sunday schools make a small significant contribution to the promotion of favourable attitudes towards Christianity and the size of this contribution is related to the number of years over which attendance took place. This positive finding is discussed in light of the negative view of Sunday schools promoted through some recent literature on the church's ministry among children and young people. It is argued that further research is now needed which is able to compare the influence of attendance at Sunday school with the influence of attendance at church services during the years of childhood on subsequent ...


A short article written in a paradoxical and humorous way which prompts a pastoral reflection. The article points out that specialized settings have areas for pastoral care that may well take a creative approach. Ways to establish pastoral relationships are listed in a paradoxical way. Also highlighted is the extreme "neediness" of people to engage in conversations.


The compound [CoH(CO)4] has been established as a stoichiometric product in the fast reaction of GeMeH3with [Co2(CO)8] to form [Co2{µ-Ge(Me)Co(CO)4}(CO)7]1. A prolonged reaction with an excess of GeMeH3 yields [Co2{µ-Ge(Me)Co(CO)4}2(CO)6]2, accompanied by a hydride species [Co2(GeMeH)(CO)x](x= 7 or 8) when the excess is large. Heating this latter mixture yields [Co4(µ4-GeMe)2{µGe(Me)Co(CO)4}(CO)10]3, shown by X-ray crystallography to contain the Co4(µ4-GeMe)2 square-bipyramid core, edge-bridged by a µ-Ge(Me)[Co(CO)4] unit. The bridged Co atoms carry two terminal CO groups, and the non-bridged ones, three. The crystal structures of compound 1[triclinic, space group P, Z= 2, a= 8.626(6), b= 8.656(5), c= 13.381(9)A, α= 88.25(5), β= 84.72(5), γ= 66.26(4)°, R= 0.0649 for 1614 reflections with I > 3σ(I)] and 3[monoclinic, space group C2/m Z= 4, a= 12.330(6), b= 12.302(3), c= 18.815(9)A, β= 92.93(3)°, R= 0.0344 for 1136 reflections with I 3σ(I)] have been determined and are compared with that of 2, and spectroscopic properties are discussed, including heavy-atom vibrations of 1


In situ generation of less accessible N-Boc-protected imines from aldehydes and their application to the direct three-component Mannich reaction with β-dicarbonyls were realized. The catalyst-free aldol reaction of ynals with β-dicarbonyls was also developed.


IEC TC10 is the most widely used Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) measurement dataset nowadays. Many DGA-based studies have been carried out using conventional methods and methods based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques (AITs). DGA is a diagnostic test performed on power transformers to detect and diagnose potential faults. The test involves analyzing the gases that are dissolved in the transformer oil, which can provide important information about the condition of the transformer. DGA is a widely used technique for transformer monitoring and maintenance in the power industry. However, this dataset is not perfect. There are still many problems in this dataset, one of which is the problem of missing value data. This problem will be significant if not appropriately handled. More reliable data from DGA measurement results is an in-dispensable reference in diagnosing faults in power transformers. This study focuses on dealing with the problem of missing value data using the Tertius algorithm, then testing the results using the J48 and Random Forest algorithms. The results obtained are pretty significant. Of the total 56 missing data, 36 could be predicted perfectly. And received the results of measuring accuracy using the J48 method of 62.73% and the Random Forest method of 70.71%. This result shows that the approach we applied is relatively good for handling missing values in IEC TC10 datasets.


The two biggest insect challenges in Saskatchewan pulse crops are the pea leaf weevil and the pea aphid. Since its arrival in Saskatchewan in 2007, the pea leaf weevil has remained a challenge to manage in pea and faba bean crops. The pea leaf weevil invades fields over a period of several weeks in the spring, each female can lay over a thousand eggs, and the most damaging stage (larvae) are concealed under the soil surface inside root nodules. Until recently, much of the Western Canadian research on pea leaf weevil had been conducted in Alberta and information was lacking on the overwintering biology of this insect in Saskatchewan. The purpose of this research project was to fill in some of the research gaps related to pea leaf weevil overwintering biology and to determine if the insecticide management practices used in Alberta would also be effective in Saskatchewan.


This paper presents the first experimental full-scale house built by the Solar Energy Research Center of Baghdad to be heated and cooled by solar energy. The various architectural and environmental considerations which entered into the design process are discussed, as well as the range of passive techniques examined for their compatibility with the local climate and their ability to optimize the energy efficiency of the house. The mechanical systems which were ultimately implemented are described.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between lying in bed time with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc postoperation patients and backleg pain next time. Methods: 90 prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc postoperation patients were divided into 3 groups,compare the backleg pain. Results: The backleg pain of patients get out of bed in 11-15 and 16-21 days later after operation fewer than 7-10 days later group(p0.01). Conclusion: Postoperation patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc should lying in bed at least 3 weeks.


Objective To explore the pathogeny of cerebral hemorrhage without hypertension in young people.Methods The data of CT and DSA were analyzed retrospectively in one hundred and thirty-five young patients with cerebral hemorrhage without hypertension in our hospital.Result In these cases,the positions of hemorrhage of 64 patients were in lobe of brain;that of 33 patients was in basal ganglia;that of 29 patients was in cerebral ventricle and that of 9 patients was in cerebellum.DSA of 55 patients was normal(40.7%).DSA of another 80 patients was abnormal,among them 43 cases were Moyamoya disease,29 were A-V malformation,6 were aneurysm and 2 were A-V fistula.In 8 patients with recrudescent cerebral hemorrhage,DSA of five of them were normal.Conclusion Moyamoya disease is an important reason of hemorrhage in young people without hypertension and most positions of hemorrhage are basal ganglia and cerebral ventricle;Cryptic arteriovenous malformation is also a reason of hemorrhage of young people without hypertension.The rate of abnormal DSA is higher in patients whose hemorrhage in basal ganglia and cerebral ventricle than in lobe of brain.


We describe a case of extreme hypercholesterolemia, mediated by lipoprotein X, in a 12‐year‐old Caucasian female who underwent an unrelated allogenic bone marrow transplant for relapsed acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Her post‐transplant course was complicated by severe chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the liver. Previously normal serum cholesterol and triglycerides rose to 1,122 mg/dl (29.0 mmol/L) and 1,100 mg/dl (12.4 mmol/L), respectively. Serum cholesterol appeared to be dominantly carried by lipoprotein X. Intra‐hepatic cholestasis leading to reflux of bile lipoproteins into the blood stream and subsequent formation of lipoprotein X appears to be the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1280–1281. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates how teachers' professional agency afforded and constrained their decisions to participate in or withdraw from professional learning communities (PLCs). While PLCs are often thought to position teachers as agents, explicit links between teacher agency and key features of PLCs have not been explored. Data from interviews with teachers and principals are examined in relation to five key features of professional learning communities: focus, long-term inquiry, collaboration, leadership support and trust. Three forms of teacher agency emerged in relation to these features and contextual conditions: engaging with communities, abstaining from communities and rejecting communities. Each form of agency has different consequences for sustaining professional learning communities and teacher development.


Speaking is an activity when a person uses language to convey a particular purpose and purpose to others. Therefore, if discussing about the language can not be separated from the problem of language assistance itsel. This study intends to analyze language politeness in the Opera Van Java episode Pengambil Setan. This analysis is based on the theory of language assisted by Geoffrey Leech.Based on the results of this analysis concluded that violations of the maxim of awards in the event more, this triggers the foolness between the players and spectators in the program.


One June day in 2011, a Tibetan arrived on a motorcycle at our field base in China's Qinghai province to tell us of the many tracks of Tibetan brown bears he'd seen around his home. Like most pastoral families, he had moved with his family and livestock to a summer tent camp and left his house empty, though on occasion he returned to check on it. We hurried to the site, about one and a half hours away by vehicle, and concealed three foot snares, baited with meat, two in a shed and one across the road from the house. We had already spent a month trying to catch brown bears to fit with satellite radio collars which would enable us to track each animal's movements. But our snares had so far yielded only an occasional stray Tibetan mastiff dog. If nothing else, our efforts to establish a bear project had so far been a glowing example of deferred pleasures in fieldwork. But we were in just the preliminary phase of a project that would require several years.


Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components are commonly present in new generation of wind turbine blades and aircraft. CFRP components are preferred for its good mechanical strength and low weight. However, CFRP is more vulnerable to lightning currents and arcs. In addition, CFRP can present very anisotropic electric properties that can difficult its lightning protection. In this paper we present two types of tests intended for improving the understanding of electrical properties of CFRP useful for lightning protection. The experimental and simulation study of the potential distribution along a CFRP coupon suggest how the currents are distributed and some defects in the electrical connections. A new method in order to investigate connection effectiveness in full scale wind turbine blades is proposed. The method is minimal invasive. The second part of the paper discusses the possible current paths in different arrangements of connections by means of thermal imaging


Outer ABSTRACT As part of an unprecedented collaborative outreach effort, we implemented an innovative STEM outreach project, where more than 80 middle and high school students from different traditionally underrepresented school districts in Colombia -with no previous knowledge on material science or photovoltaics- created Last Generation Solar Cells (LGSCs) that were part of several suborbital spaceflight missions. As a result, the students were able to contrast visual and instrumental data obtained from the solar cells and modules that were launched to space with similar samples that remained on earth to measure the degradation that occurs during spaceflight conditions. At the same time, the students that participated were able to cultivate their curiosity, strengthen their scientific skills and increase their interest in pursuing careers in STEM fields. These experiences were possible thanks to an extraordinary collaborative network between public and private entities and the use of project-based education as a powerful driver of development, especially for low-to-middle-income countries, such as Colombia. Here, we share our methodology for constructing photovoltaic devices in rural settings, and we show the progression and impact of this novel scientific outreach project.


Abstract. Business competition today is increasingly intense, both in fashion and in services. Companies must be able to form or create components powerful to foster this increasingly demanding market competition, growth being pne of the keys. Each company must be constantly make progress in the quality of its producs, as well as in how to manage in its management, for example how to create a brand equity in a brand. As the stronger the brand equity is held, the stronger the competition will be, and the more attractive the consumer chooses the brand. Converse is one pf the most well known brands of shoes, and to this day is still strongly in competition with other industries both local and international products. Hence the study aims to know how the brand equity relationship with purchasing decisions. Researches take a quantitative method with a correlational study approach, wanting to find out hoew the brand equity link is with purchasing decisions. Data collection techniques conducted in the study, using questionnaires, and objects used to completed the questionnaires are the person converse consumers. So it could be argued that the population in this study was converse in the city of bandung. The sample used is non-probability sampling, with research purposive sampling, and using formulas Rao Purba until we get a sample of 100 respondents. The scale used was the scale of the interval. To achieve the desired results the study USES validity tests, liabilities and correlational tests using applications IBM SPSS 25. Data processing puts a link between a brand equity and a purchase decision. Variables that have greater value than 0.05 are uncorrelated variables. The processing data show that there is a significant value between the brand equity decision and the purchase decision, a value of 0.00 which means that independent variables directly correlation orrelation to strong levels because they have a pearson correlations of 0.763 with the purchase decision. Keywords: Brand Equity, Purchasing Decision. Abstrak. Persaingan bisnis saat ini semakin ketat, baik dalam bidang fashion maupun jasa. Para perusahaan harus bisa membentuk atau menciptakan komponen – komponen yang kuat guna untuk mengikutu persaingan pasar yang semakin ketat ini, perkembangan menjadi salah satu kuncinya. Setiap perusahaan harus selalu melakukan perkembangan baik dalam kualitas produknya, maupun dari bagaimana mengatur dalam bidang manajemennya, contohnya bagaimana untuk menciptakan brand equity dalam sebuah merek. Karena semakin kuat brand equity yang dimiliki, akan semakin kuat juga dalam persaingan, dan membuat daya tarik untuk konsumen memilih merek tersebut. Converse merupakan salah satu merek sepatu yang sejak dulu sudah dikenal, dan sampai saat ini masih kuat dalam persaingan dengan industri lain baik dengan produk local maupun internasional. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan brand equity dengan keputusan pembelian. Peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi korelasional, yaitu ingin mencari tahu bagaimana hubunganya antara brand equity dengan keputusan pembelian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan kuesioner, dan objek yang digunakan guna untuk melengkapi kuesioner tersebut adalah orang – orang yang merupakan konsumen Converse itu sendiri. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen converse di kota Bandung. Sample yang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling, dengan penelitian purposive sampling dan menggunakan rumus rao purba hingga didapatkan sampel sebesar 100 responden. Skala yang digunakan adalah skala interval. Untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan penelitian ini menggunakan Uji validitas, uji realibilitas dan menggunakan uji korelasional dengan menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS 25. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan antara Brand Equity dengan Keputusan Pembelian. Variabel yang memiliki nilai signifikansi diatas 0.05 merupakan variabel yang tidak berkorelasi. Dari hasil data pengolahan terlihat bahwa terdapat nilai yang signifikan antara brand equity dengan keputusan pembelian, nilai yang dihasilkan sebesar 0.00 yang artinya bahwa variabel independen secara langsung memiliki korelasi atau hubungan dengan tingkatan kuat karena memiliki nilai pearon correlation sebesar 0.763 dengan keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci: Brand Equity, Keputusan Pembelian.


A novel hollow-structured CuO derived from chitosan-coated Cu/Cu2O composite hollow spheres was mass produced via a supramolecular hydrogel templating method and homogeneously co-doped with C and N. Evaluation of the as-produced co-doped CuO hollow spheres as anode materials for Li ion batteries showed that they had superior electrochemical properties.


Broadband reverberant sound fields in rooms often exhibit spatial variation in mean-square pressure. Several analysis methods for steady-state broadband fields in long rectangular rooms having a source on an end wall are explained and compared. These analytical models embody different degrees of physical refinement. At the most basic level is an energy balance model that utilizes diffuse field assumptions locally at each cross-section along the enclosure. This model works quite well for low absorptivity. The next level of refinement is a cross-sectional energy balance model that considers waves propagating down the room on an angle-by-angle basis, however diffuse field assumptions are retained for cross-sectional components of the field. This angle-by-angle refinement generally gives better results, particularly for highly absorptive cases where there are large spatial gradients in the reverberant field. This model clearly illustrates the important effects of angular dependence on the sound field. Computed results from the analysis methods are compared with exact numerical simulations and experimental data. The effects of angular dependence and diffuse versus specular reflection are clearly illustrated.


Context. Small body (12929) 1999 TZ1 is listed by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) as a Centaur. However, its location close to the Lagrangian point L5 of Jupiter is typical of a Trojan object with large inclination. Aims. The aim of this work is to provide a global physical and dynamical characterization of this object and to reassess its classification. Methods. We obtained multi-wavelength observations with IRTF (Hawaii), OSN and IRAM-30 m (Spain), and performed a dynamical simulation of the evolution of its orbital parameters. Results. Visible photometry monitoring shows a rotation curve with a period (if considered double-peaked) of 10.4 ± 0.1 ha nd an absolute R magnitude HR = 9.792 ± 0.025. Near-IR spectroscopy indicates a featureless reflectance spectra, with a low spectral slope of 7.2 ± 0.11%/100 nm. Thermal observations at 250 GHz provide a 4.5σ detection with a flux of 1.22 ± 0.27 mJy. The combination of the visible and millimeter datasets, assuming a standard thermal model, leads to a geometric albedo pv = 0.053 +0.015 −0.010 and a mean diameter of 51.5 ± 5k m. Conclusions. The low albedo and spectral slope measured are typical of Jupiter's Trojans, but cannot exclude a Centaur nature. However, the dynamical lifetime of the object was estimated to be longer than 1 Gy, which is unlikely for a Centaur and suggests that (12929) 1999 TZ1 is a Trojan asteroid.


Abstract The tornado events of 3 May 1999 within the county warning area of the Norman, Oklahoma, office of the National Weather Service are reviewed, emphasizing the challenges associated with obtaining accurate information about the existence, timing, location, and intensity of individual tornadoes. Accurate documentation of tornado and other hazardous weather events is critical to research, is needed for operational assessments, and is important for developing hazard mitigation strategies. The situation following this major event was unusual because of the high concentration of meteorologists in the area, relative to most parts of the United States. As a result of this relative abundance of resources, it is likely that these tornadoes were reasonably well documented. Despite this unique situation in central Oklahoma, it is argued that this event also provides evidence of a national need for a rapid-response scientific and engineering survey team to provide documentation of major hazardous weather event...


Conflict researchers are divided on what explains the massive victimisation and murdering of civilians and unarmed combatants, but largely agree that many of these acts are intentional and that the main perpetrators rely on them for economic or political gain. The terror strategies against civilians, which the scholarly literature has recently dubbed one-sided violence, take for instance the form of massacres or the mass rape of women and children. The executors of these acts are armed groups that are formally or informally attached to the government, rebel troops, or terrorist organisations. These actors employ this sort of violence besides conventional military tactics or they specialise completely in terrorising the civilian popUlation. This chapter presents first some empirical evidence for the occurrence and scope of political violence. We then introduce the three main logics that have been developed to account for one-sided violence. According to the frrst group of explanations, one-sided violence can only be understood within the wider strategic context in which armed groups operate. It is argued that armed groups will only perpetrate acts of one-sided violence when they expect to gain military advantages from it. A related argument maintains that many of these acts are retaliatory and that one-sided violence, once started, is hard to tarne. The second set of explanation focuses on the organisational structure of the battle forces. This strand of literature states that one-sided violence is the result of a lack of sanctioning mechanisms within the rebel or governmental organisations. The last explanation looks at how international actors react to the anticipated or already realised atrocities. Although pessimists argue that only decisive international action can stop the destructive cycle of one-sided political violence and the equally lethal revenge slaughtering, we maintain that a more nuanced view is warranted. We suggest that international interventions have a greater preventive and protective effect on civilian victimization than some studies would make us believe. The chapter discusses these three interrelated analytical approaches, and the empirical evidence supporting them. 58 Gerald Schneider, Lilli Banholzer and Roos Haer


With an improved method of tissue culture of peripheral leucocytes of our own design, the authors carried out systematic observations on the peripheral leucocyte culture from the normal, various kinds of leukemias, leukemoid reactions, and hypoplastic anemia. As for the culture method we have devised a method of silicon oil coating on the blood containers, a method which will least affect the cell function as compared with the conventional culture method. As the results we have found that the tissue growth in the case of peripheral leucocyte culture of normal persons ceases after six-hour culture and also we have recognized a peculiar finding, a growth like a corona-shape, in which an empty space appears in the inner part of growth area along with the lapse of time. In every
leukemic case, without presenting growth area like a corona, the cell density is high and the outer zone of growth area becomes sharply demarcated as in the case with bone-marrow culture and also the growth continues even after 12 hours. At this instance we have noticed many mitoses of immature cells. Moreover, the maturation of immature cells has been observed and it has also been possible to distinguish to what type these immature cells belonged. In the leukemoid reaction no growth pattern Characteristic to the leukemia can be recognized, and at a glance it can easily be differentiated from the leukemia. In the case of hypoplastic anemia although the growth area is like that of the normal presenting a corona-like shape, the cell density is lower and the function of leucccytes is lesser than the normal. From these results we believe that the peripheral leucocyte culture is clinically useful.


The technology of Computational Fluid Dynamics has proven to be an economically efficient tool for optimizing the hydraulic structure of PDC bits.In the present study,the advanced development of Phoenics software was carried out by using VB.NET,based on the convenient,highly effective principles in the engineering design.The nozzle layout in terms of bit cutting teeth's position distribution,clearance and the jet angle are analyzed with the numerical simulation for the 3-D flow field of PDC bits,with regard to the fluid characteristic,cleaning mechanism,and the optimization of the hydraulic structure of PDC bits.A specific platform is proposed to improve user experience of the numerical simulation of the PDC bits under different operating mode condition.


The most intense total field magnetic anomaly of the northeastern Rif is an E-W elongated dipole, with more than 320 nT amplitude, centred in Nador and extending from Oued Kert up to Cap de l'eau (96×70 km). This anomaly is related to the Neogene-Quaternary intermediate and basic volcanic rocks, like the Gourougou volcano. The new measured field magnetic anomalies and susceptibilities allow us to study this dipole for the first time, to constrain the shape, distribution, structure and deep extension of the volcanic rocks. This study improves the knowledge of crustal structures related to the southern boundary of the Alboran Sea.


We characterize left and right amenable semigroups of polynomials of one complex variable with respect to the composition operation. We also prove a number of results about amenable semigroups of arbitrary rational functions. In particular, we show that under quite general conditions a semigroup of rational functions is left amenable if and only if it is a subsemigroup of the centralizer of some rational function.


This paper shows the actions and the results related to Dynamap project Task B5.1. Aim of this task is the calculation of basic noise maps for the urban pilot area (district 9 of Milan). Data acquisition and processing are the preliminary activities with the aim to create the digital model of noise sources and the noise propagation environment. Road traffic data have been analyzed and developed in order to divide road segments in groups, gained by action B1 (Sizing the monitoring network) results. Each road segment group have been associated with different basic maps. A total of six basic noise maps were calculated from six scenarios. Difference between scenarios are in relation to the group of roads modeled. Before the calculation of the basic noise maps some calculation runs were performed to determine most suitable calculation parameters. In the first round, traffic flow condition was considered "continuous" for all road stretches and its influence in the simulation was verified. The occurrence of traffic congestion conditions during 24 hours was analyzed in relation to different values of the traffic flow/capacity ratio to calculate specific basic noise maps that will be used in typical time intervals in which the traffic jam occurs.


Wheat baking flour has been used in our research studies. Ozone concentration used for the treatment has been in the range of 0.1 g/m; time of treatment has been varied from 9 to 27 minutes. The flour baking properties have been evaluated by gluten handwashing-off, bread test samples and by the use of devices such as Alveolograph, Farinograph. The ozone influence on gluten properties has been investigated by several methods and techniques: Arakawa and Yonezawa method has been applied to estimate aggregation capacity in gluten protein, the protein secondary structure has been studied by means of IR-spectroscopy. The investigation results have demonstrated that ozone influence on flour properties and bread structural and mechanical properties is definitely positive. Bread samples have shown the expansion of their total and specific volume along with enhancement of their appearance, porosity structure, etc. As a result of ozone treatment, the amount of wet gluten has gone down due to deterioration of its hydration capacity and increase in flour strength. Improvements in dough structural and mechanical properties such as an increase in mixing duration and dough stability for machine processing, reduction in dough dilution, etc. have been observed. It has been shown that ozone treatment of flour increases aggregated capacity in flour protein. According to IR-spectroscopy, the fraction of antiparallel β-sheets has increased in relation to the control samples pointing to the fact that there occur conformational changes in gluten proteins and their more compact spacing.


Article 22 of Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage states that "a marriage can be cancelled when the parties concerned does not fulfill the requirements for a marriage. " When one or some of the requirements is missing, the marriage is invalid. The forgery of identity, especially of the status of the groom or bride -to-be, for getting married commonly occur today, and the incidence of forgery can happen anywhere. One of the examples about the forgery of identity in marriage which causes the cancellation by the Religions Court Class IA, Medan, is the case No. 435/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Mdn. Therefore, it is necessary to study the responsibility of P3N (Assistant Registrar of Marriages) since there is a complaint about marriage cancellation because of forgery of identity, the judge's consideration in the Religious Court, Medan, on marriage cancellation, and legal consequence of the marriage cancellation according to the Verdict No. 435/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Mdn. PPN (Registrar of Marriages) and P3N (Assistant Registrar of Marriages) had the authority/responsibility to forestall or to cancel a marriage which did not fulfill the requirements, including the forgery of identity of groom or bride-to-be. When the P3N violated this regulation, he could be charged with criminal proceedings as the collaborator of forging of document. Legal consequences of marriage cancellation were as follows: first, the cancellation of the Book of Marriage Certificate No. 609/73/VII/2012 on July 20, 2012; secondly, there was no iddah for a wife whose marriage was cancelled; thirdly, joint property was owned by each party, the child was considered legitimate and had the right to be taken care of (hadhanah) by the father, and had the right to have guardianship and to be an heir. Keywords: Legal Consequence, Marriage Cancellation, Forgery of Identity


In the present the Brazilian urbanization is distinguished for an ample process of territorial reconstruction characterized by the "explosion" of the traditional forms of urban concentration and by the emergency of new spatial forms, continent of new territorialities of the social groups. In the interurban scale, new processes of deconcentration and spatial re-concentration of population, economic activities and information are produced. The cities of Pelotas and Great Rio are the main urban centers of the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and form an agglomeration by contiguity of the urban tissue. In 2002, was established the "Aglomeracao Urbana do Sul "(AUSUL) formed in the urban axis polarized by these two cities. The communication analyzes the processes of urban growth, functional integration and the dynamic of intraurban organization in the AUSUL. We also aim to compare its territorial model with other forms of metropolitan organization observed in different socio-spatial realities.


Parents of children with disabilities may be in a great deadlock and the way they react is very different from one person to another. Thus, various emotional states and reactions may occur, such as shock, confusion, anxiety, uncertainty, frustration, distrust of diagnosis, denial, anger, fury, despair, negotiation, fear, self-blame, accusation of destiny and / or the others, isolation, rejection, depression, acceptance, resignation, and struggle. Often these emotions are not recognized and expressed, which creates multiple difficulties that can be overcome by improving human relationships in a supportive psychotherapeutic intervention. This research aims at identifying their needs and emotional states. The results obtained highlight the need to implement support groups for these parents, groups that focus on the development of emotional abilities and on the most effective strategies for maintaining constructive interpersonal relationships in the process of integration of children with special educational needs.


The objective of this study was to determine whether myocardial contractility is depressed by intense activation of the sympathetic nervous system. A massive sympathetic discharge was produced by injecting veratrine or sodium citrate into the cisterna magna of anesthetized rabbits (n = 10). Two and one-half hr later, the hearts were isolated and their left ventricular (LV) performance evaluated and compared with the LV performance of hearts isolated from control animals (n = 10). LV performance was evaluated from steady-state peak isovolumic systolic and end-diastolic pressures that were generated at various end-diastolic volumes (LV function curves). The relation- ship between peak LV systolic pressure (or the average peak developed LV wall Stress) and LV end-diastolic volume was rotated downward (P < 0.01) in the hearts removed from rabbits treated with veratrine or citrate. The LV end-diastolic pressure or LV end- diastolic wall stress of these hearts was not different from control at any end-diastolic volume. The diminished ability of the experimental hearts to develop systolic pressure or wall stress suggests that intense sympathetic activation depressed contractility. Severely damaged myofibers, located largely in the subendocardium, were found in these hearts. Furthermore, the depressed contractility was not related to pulmonary edema since only 2 of 10 rabbits developed edema. (P.S.E.B.M. 1990, Vol 1931 eurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) frequently occurs following trauma to the central nervous N system (CNS) and results from intense activa- tion of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In a canine model of NPE, Lang et al. (1) massively acti- vated the SNS by injecting veratrine into the cisterna magna. The veratrine injection produced a transient systemic and pulmonary hypertension that lasted about 30 min. During the hypertensive episode, cardiac out- put remained constant, but after about 60 min began to decrease and continued to fall during the 3-hr time course of the experiment. Moreover, the decrease in cardiac output (and stroke volume) occurred whether or not pulmonary edema developed. This could mean that injuries to specific regions of the CNS, in addition to causing pulmonary edema, may lead to impaired left ventricular (LV) contractility. This hypothesis is con-


This project, in line with the 2011 Year of the Humanitarian Engineer (Institute of Engineers Australia) which calls for an improved water supply and sanitation in developing countries, aims to design, model and field test a water pumping solution. The design utilises the energy in a flowing body of water to energise a low pressure, low volume supply of water at low cost and low complexity. Two concepts have been identified as viable options, under a set of specified environmental, geographical and cultural constraints. A view toward simplicity was taken in order to minimise cost, logistic and maintenance implications, as well as considering the technological capacity of the intended end user. The first concept uses forces generated from a flapping wing and the second uses vortex induced vibration over a cylinder, both driving a simple bellows type pump, which is constructed with low cost, readily available agricultural fittings and materials. The concepts have been modelled mathematically, scale models produced and tested in laboratory conditions, and full size prototypes manufactured and tested in real river flow conditions. The results of these tests report promising outcomes and with further development should yield viable options for implementation into real world environments. These devices have the potential to assist a distinct demographic of impoverished and needy people. Although the demographic that can benefit from this project is comparatively small, it is significantly large enough to warrant further research into the viability and feasibility of the designs. It is recommended that detailed design development be continued into both of the concepts, as it is believed that each device has the potential for a successful outcome in assisting the humanitarian water and sanitation crisis that exists throughout developing countries worldwide. Further implications exist for these designs as there is the potential for these types of devices to be implemented in agricultural irrigation applications in lieu of pumping systems that use non-renewable fuel sources such as petrol and diesel powered pumps.


Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) can occur in any fascial enclosed space in the body used repetitively for long periods.CECS of the lower leg is of major importance due to its prevalence among athletes and its debilitating nature. The aetiology of CECS isincompletely understood, but it is widely thought that abnormal increases in intra-muscular pressure during exercise impair local perfusion,thereby resulting in tissue ischaemia and pain [1,2,4,6,11,12,15,16,18]. It has been hypothesized that a relatively new investigation may beable to detect ischaemia in the context of chronic compartment syndrome. The thallium-201 SPECT scan, currently used to detect myocardialischaemia, has been used to investigate a small number of CECS patients [9,17]. Results of these studies suggest that the pain of compartmentsyndrome may be associated with ischaemia. Consequently thallium-201 SPECT has been touted as a possible non-invasive diagnostic testfor the syndrome.Many patients with exercise induced lower leg pain will undergo additional diagnostic investigations to exclude diagnoses other than CECS.Isotopic bone scintigraphy is currently used to investigate possible bony causes of lower leg pain in athletes. However, it has been suggestedthat there may in fact be a typical 'linear' scintigraphic uptake appearance in those patients with CECS'[10], that is different from the currentlyrecognized focal appearance of a stress fracture, and the patchy or diffuse uptake associated with periostitis.Thus this study will correlate and compare the results of two potential alternative investigations, thallium-201 SPECT imaging and bonescintigraphy with compartment pressure testing. With a better understanding of the aetiology and diagnosis of CECS, it is anticipated that moreeffective treatment and prevention strategies could be developed for the syndrome. Such developments would allow athletes to continueactive participation in their sport or return to training more quickly and with fewer complications.


Multilayered muco-adhesive buccal tablets of hydralazine hydrochloride were developed using polymers, which as Carbopol- 934 and carboxymethylcellulose. Release enhancers such as citric acid, D-mannitol and PEG-4000 and techniques like lyophilization were utilized for optimization of the tablet core. A Millipore membrane filter (0.22mm) was used satisfactorily to replace animal membrane for drug permeation studies across the membrane.


,er 19th, 1814, on account of a cold (edematous swelling in the right leg and thigh, the consequcnce of a diseased lymphatic gland in the groin. Some mild mercurial ointment, combined ^tth soft soap, and camphor, was directed to be rubbed upon, the thigh of the affected side, and upon the diseased gland, tilorning and evening. On December 29th, his son came to ftie in the morning, and informed me, that his father was much


Managing conservation systems at the right field moisture is a critical factor to ensure successful outcomes. Plants showing a delay in growth may be explained by improper planting depth, soil surface or side-wall compaction due to planting in wet soil conditions, or nutrient deficiencies such as phosphorus or potassium. Seedbed preparation along with tillage or planting equipment settings, have a combined effect on plant performance.


Traditionaly confirmation of pregnancy amongst black women relied largely on the presence of physical changes associated with pregnancy and occurred fairly well into the gestation period. In addition a strict veil of secrecy was drawn around this knowledge to prevent potential bewitchment by others. This article explores current views regarding these practices amongst Pedi women. Interviews with 89 women revealed that western medical resources are being used by the majority of the sample studied to confirm pregnancy in addition to accepted physical signs. Knowledge of pregnancy is thus occurring much earlier today than was previously the case. However secrecy about this confirmation of pregnancy is still maintained, with only small percentages of women revealing their news to even close family members.


S1 exual abuse of children is a complex problem that has become the subject of much public and professional discussion. It is a difficult form of child abuse to detect because in most cases there is no physical violence and the child knows the abuser. Since physical trauma may be absent or unapparent, the presence of sexually transmitted disease (STD) may be the first indication of sexual abuse. Any sexually transmitted infection in a child should be considered evidence of sexual abuse until proven otherwise.


The Constitution of the Ecuador Republic, in its article 33, provides that: "The State shall guarantee to workers full respect for their dignity, a decent life, pay and fair remuneration and the performance of healthy and freely chosen or accepted work"
The right to work, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, is based on certain principles, among them the inviolability and intangibility of labour rights, and that equal work equal pay corresponds.
Therefore, the right to work is fully guaranteed by our Constitution; However, today we have seen that the right to work not is being really protected by the State of Ecuador, since often you can see that many workers are on unemployment or unemployment, i.e. more increasingly that workers already do not have a real job security.
Before it is necessary to point out that the labour code, in its Art.190 mentions that:
"Worker who inadvertently forsake work, i.e. without prior eviction, without cause and without replacement accepted by the employer, shall pay to the employer a sum equivalent to fifteen days of remuneration"
Concerning this article determines the compensation to the employer when unjustified way the worker leaves work, with the intention to terminate the employment relationship, and this is a problem that affects the employer, being these derisory compensation sometimes with the damage caused to the employer.
This as a result of the latest legal reforms, of which workers have been used to thus leave their place of work, what hurts wing employer.
So, it is necessary to carry out research work, in order to determine the reform to the Art.190 of the labour code in relation to severizar the compensation to the employer due to lack of eviction, to terminate the contract of employment. So that will compensate the employer according to the damage caused, which would be justified by the employer, to the competent authority, which shall not be less than the value of last two earnings of the worker.


Aiming at the disadvantages of common asphalt that can not satisfy the requirement for pavement such as high strength,stability,safety and durability etc,the Paper introduced how to use modified asphalt to improve the performance of asphalt mixture.With laboratory test and analysis on the modified asphalt of different epoxy contents,the Paper had a study on the optimized epoxy content for epoxy modified asphalt.


Media Education iLearning Education 2.0 (iDu 2.0) supports web-based adaptive collaborative learning that can be used to support online or distance learning activities. This paper aim how the emergence of innovation can change the educational process by utilizing the Learning Management System (LMS). Students can be motivated to work on assignments flexibly without being limited by space and time. The goal is to optimize the way and time of learning to improve academic achievement. Therefore, to produce highly effective learning innovations through iDu 2.0, an open source based Learning Management System (LMS) technology has now been utilized. Using Agile development methods allows software development in a short time. iDu 2.0 can be a solution to the innovation needed to support distance learning more effectively and efficiently. Based on these findings, iDu 2.0 is expected to be a breakthrough in technological innovation in this 4.0 era to increase the quantity and quality of distance learning for students in universities.


Today photovoltaics (PV) has become one of the most cost-effective forms of electricity production globally and in some regions is already the most competitive unsubsidised form of electricity. Despite positive cost and growing developments, European PV manufacturers are facing a decline in production due to competition from third countries. This decrease in the competitiveness of European PV actors is due to several factors, including a greater fragmentation of the value chain compared to competing actors. Chinese manufacturers have in particular been able to achieve synergies, economies of scale and information sharing throughout the value chain.
SUPER PV is a collaborative European-funded project initiated in 2018 by 26 partners in reaction to this trend. Together, they target a significant LCOE reduction (26%-37%) for European-made PV by adopting a hybrid approach combining technological innovations and data management methods.


: A dual gold(I)-catalyzed three-component reaction has been developed to prepare indene-fused carboxylic acid derivatives from diynes, alcohols and pyridine-N-oxide compounds in both inter-and intramolecular fashion. Pyridine N-oxides exhibit distinct selectivity compared to well-developed gold-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of alkyne in which α-oxo goldcarbene intermediates. Experimental studies and DFT calculations support the double nucleophilic substitutions of the gold vinylidene intermediate. gold and hydrogen exchange with 1a , completes the catalytic In summary, we were able to realize a dual gold-catalyzed three-component coupling relying on a new reactivity of gold vinylidene intermediate. Pyridine N -oxide serve as unique oxygen transfer agent with a distinct selectivity comparing to that in α -oxo gold carbene chemistry. The oxygenative cyclized 1,1-difunctionalization could readily take place in both inter- and intramolecular settings, leading to a variety of indene-fused esters, acids and lactones. Further investigation concerning gold vinylidene is currently underway in our laboratory. A dual gold(I)-catalyzed three-component reaction has been developed to prepare indene-fused carboxylic acid derivatives from diynes, alcohols and pyridine-N-oxides in both inter- and intramolecular fashion. Pyridine N-oxides exhibit unique reactivity and selectivity to oxidize the gold vinylidene. Experimental studies and DFT calculations support the key ketene formation.


Blood specimens from 22 insulin dependent diabetic patient and 17 nontliabetic subject were collected im EDTA- tubes. Quantitation of Hb-Al was performed by Columne chromatography. The glycosylated hemoglobin component is increased in diabetic patient and found a significant correlation between Hb-Al concentration and blood glucose levels in all diabetic patients. The mean Hb-Al valve for diabetic patients is twice as the mean valve for nondiabetics. The second part of experiment consist of aging bloodEDTA in ambient temerature and a 4c cold room. A sample of each blood was analysed the following days for estimation of Hb-Al after 7 to 9 days and noticed adifferepe between the Hb-Al valves in two specimens and increase of Hb-Al in both samples but after aging forthermore about 19 days, the concentration of Hb-Al in blood kept in ambient temperature was three times more than in blood kept in cold room.


We consider a control- and state-constrained optimal control problem governed by a semilinear elliptic equation with nonlocal interface conditions. These conditions occur during the modeling of diffuse-gray conductive-radiative heat transfer. The nonlocal radiation interface condition and the pointwise state constraints represent the particular features of this problem. To deal with the state constraints, continuity of the state is shown, which allows us to derive first-order necessary conditions. Afterwards, we establish second-order sufficient conditions that account for strongly active sets and ensure local optimality in an $L^2$-neighborhood.


According to nose-to-nose calibration principle,using two 50 GHz sampling oscilloscopes and a 70 GHz sampling oscilloscope,the calibration for risetime and frequency response of 70 GHz sampling oscilloscope is performed,the calibration result is compared with the corresponding results of swept-sine measurement method and optoelectronic measurement method.Gives the calibration principle,process and result for risetime and frequency response of 70 GHz sampling oscilloscope.


Abstract NWP model skill as obtained from the standard statistics applied to derived atmospheric fields such as thermal advection and moisture convergence is different from that obtained by the same statistics applied to basic model output fields such as temperature or wind components. An analysis with a combination of two simple wave functions shows that the errors in the forecast of the phase of the shortwave component are overwhelmingly more important. For an error of 2° longitude in the phase forecast of the shortwave component (wavenumber ∼20) the correlation coefficient for the derived fields is only 0.7 whereas it is nearly 0.9 for the basic variable fields. The prediction range of useful forecasts in terms of the derived variables decreases drastically in comparison to that obtained with the simple variables. These aspects are demonstrated with the Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climaticos–Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere studies operational NWP model in two real synoptic cases that are rep...


The unilateral understanding toward comparative advantage and government's role is a dangerous guide to industrial competitiveness and policy formulation. Theory of Comparative advantage isn' t outdated, and China should be cautious about "competitive advantage trap". The development experience of VCD/DVD industry in China illustrates that businesses in developing countries need to exploit their comparative advantages in natural resources and labor. This principle becomes especially important while obtaining competitive advantage under the open market term. The situation that China DVD industry is highly charged for patent shows more clearly that even the leading businesses in China such as Sinco couldn' t define their core competence as technology and renovation now. They must keep on winning their competitive advantage through comparative advantage. The fundamental responsibility for government is to create an environment encouraging free, open and sufficient competition.


A digital simulation to investigate the ability of a human operator to guide a weapon via a data link is described. A human model and a generic data link model were implemented in a 6-DOF simulation of the weapon. It was found that significant operator-induced noise (remnant) was present, and some of the human transfer function parameters differed considerably from values found in previously reported work. A solution to the tracking stability problem is postulated in the form of a display augmentation element, referred to as a seeker position indicator, that estimates the seeker angular motion over the time-delay interval. A modified approach using a Kalman estimator to filter the command signal and to estimate command rate-of-change was also investigated. Both solutions stabilize the system, decrease operator workload, and improve terminal weapon accuracy. Model predictions are compared with test data obtained using a breadboard data link in a man-in-the-loop simulator. Good correlation is shown.<<ETX>>


The gears with variable transmission ratio have been known since ancient times. They were described in the works of Leonardo da Vinci and other mechanicians. The collections of models, constructed by Redtenbacher, Relo, Schroeder (Schr�`der) and Claire included some mechanisms with non-circular gear wheels, that were very different in their shape. There's always a high demand for such mechanisms, but the methods of their manufacture are still very difficult and labor- consuming. Being a very common type of gear mechanisms, they need a common theory of gearing. This paper presents eight teaching models of gears with variable transmission ratios collected in BMSTU, and brief information about their invention and manufacture history is attended.


The past 10 years have seen remarkable improvements in the capture of 3-dimesional data. Both scanning speeds and accuracy have increased by a magnitude. Software and increasingly more powerful computers allow larger data bases and faster post processing. CT, laser and optical scanners are finding increased use in the medical, manufacturing, scientific and entertainment industries. CT (Computerized Tomography) is generally used to capture internal as well as external surfaces. Medical (hospital) scanners are the most common and can be of service in industrial applications. But true industrial scanners service a much wider range of sizes and materials. Laser and optical scanners are line-of-sight, and are available in portable and permanent CMM mounting arrangements. Scanners are available to capture a wide range of objects; from entire buildings to fingernail sized parts. Solid objects requiring multiple scans, must register each scan to another for part completion. The collected data is exported as a "point cloud." The data can be used to digitally inspect complex parts, surface them for tooling and reverse engineering, or export surfaces to animation software.


A computational procedure is described which can be used efficiently in identifying modeling errors which may arise from development of a structural finite element model. The procedure, which is referred to as the multi-level strain energy check, is set up in the form of a set of NASTRAN DMAP alters which provide sufficient information about the modeling errors at G-Set, N-Set, and F-Set levels. This technique was applied to two NASTRAN models, namely, the AH-64A and AH-1G models. Two modeling errors were identified for the AH-1G, which were then corrected.