A vast amount of industrial waste was simultaneously produced along with the swift and violent development in modernized industry. By using industrial waste to build the roadbed, the strength grade of roadbed could be reached and a large amount of industrial waste could be handled at the same time, so it has important practical significance. In the paper the authors researched on the chemical composition of manganese iron waste and the physical and mechanical property of the aeolian soil so that a large amount of scientific data was obtained by means of experiments. Afterwards by using lime, manganese iron waste, macadam and aeolian soil as raw and processed materials of roadbed, the conjunction rate testing was made for determining the property of stabilized soil. During the process of experiment the uniform design was adopted for arranging it and measuring various data of stabilized soil. Based on testing results, the regression equation of compression strength without side limit was obtained for the stabilized soil by using SPSS software. The testing results showed that using manganese iron waste as packing material for roadbed was feasible for both economizing on the energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. So it has spreading applied vistas and social, economic and environmental benefit.


Two important trends are converging to bring about a radical transformation in the operation of our world. First, the computer industry's remarkable ability to squeeze more and more transistors into a smaller and smaller area of silicon is increasing the computational abilities of our devices, while simultaneously decreasing their cost and power consumption. Second, the proliferation of wired and wireless networking spurred by the development of the world-wide web and demands for mobile access are enabling low-cost connectivity among computing devices. It is now possible to connect not only our desktop machines, but every computing device into a true worldwide web that links the physical world of sensors and actuators to the virtual world of information utilities and services. What amazing new applications and services will result? How will ubiquitous computation affect our everyday lives? Will the long envisioned invisible computing paradigm finally be possible? This paper explores these questions while providing an overview of the capabilities of the new wave of embedded devices.


Abstract Bell (2012) catalogued unit root factors contained in linear filters used in seasonal adjustment (model-based or from the X-11 method) but noted that, for model-based seasonal adjustment, special cases could arise where filters could contain more unit root factors than was indicated by the general results. This article reviews some special cases that occur with canonical ARIMA model based adjustment in which, with some commonly used ARIMA models, the symmetric seasonal filters contain two extra nonseasonal differences (i.e., they include an extra (1 - B)(1 - F)). This increases by two the degree of polynomials in time that are annihilated by the seasonal filter and reproduced by the seasonal adjustment filter. Other results for canonical ARIMA adjustment that are reported in Bell (2012), including properties of the trend and irregular filters, and properties of the asymmetric and finite filters, are unaltered in these special cases. Special cases for seasonal adjustment with structural ARIMA component models are also briefly discussed.


The morphology and chemical ingredients of gray speck on the fracture of nodular cast iron was inspected through electromicroscope,and the formation mechanation mechanism of the gray speck area was explored.The study the factors affecting the strength of nodular castiron and finds the segregation Alin nodular castiron.


The utility model discloses a full-sealing type methane tank which comprises a methane tank, a feeding port, a raw material groove, a pressing water pond, a discharging port, a gas guide pipe, a switch, a gas-water separator, a T-junction, a gas storage bag, a purifying adjuster, a pressurizing pump and a special gas stove. The full-sealing type methane tank is characterized in that the methane tank is placed on the ground; the raw material groove is connected with the methane tank through the feeding port; the pressing water pond is connected with the methane tank through the discharging port; the gas guide pipe is connected with a left upper part of the methane tank through a thread; the gas-water separator is mounted on the gas guide pipe behind the switch; the T-junction is mounted on a fourth section of the gas guide pipe; a single vertical outlet of the T-junction is connected with the gas storage bag through the gas guide pipe while the other outlet is connected with the purifying adjuster through the gas guide pipe. The full-sealing type methane tank can effectively increase the purity of the methane, can effectively increase the use ratio of the methane and is simple, economical and reliable.


Introduction Mental-retardation run with life, it is untreatable. But it can person having such situation can be trained by various methods. Mental-retardation cannot be said as mental disease. Mental-retardation is a situation where mental age is not matching with chronological age. The children having moderate mental retardation and their independent living skills can be assessed by scientific method. The aim of our study To find out the levels of achievement in independent living skills of day scholar moderate mentally retarded children Methods and materials The present study is a descriptive research to find out the achievement of independent living skills in day scholars with moderate mental retardation 3-18 years of age in State Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SIRTAR), Gandhi Nagar, Rohtak. The sample consists 20 children from day care with moderate mental retardation. Behavioural Assessment Scale for Indian Children – Mental-retardation-BASIC-MR ( having two parts -Part A and B) find out the levels of achievement in independent living skills. All seven domains BASIC-MR were assessed in day scholar moderate mentally retarded children. Results: Mean score is 375.35 and SD is 54.86. The mean values of language and reading writing domains are higher. The mean values of M, ADL, N.T., D.S. and P.M. domains are lower. Conclusion: Day scholar children remain lack behind in achieving ILS. Therefore this was not an effective service.


A novel method for fuzzy time series (FTS) forecasting is presented based on improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (IFCM) and first-order difference. Traditional forecasting approaches have weighted the central values of fuzzy intervals corresponding to fuzzy sets, but the central values may not be accurate enough since the assumed membership functions may be different. To avoid the problem of even distribution, in this paper, we weight the cluster centers derived from IFCM that defines the initial cluster centers of traditional fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM). There are many unstable characteristics in the time series forecasting model. To eliminate the fluctuation tendency of unstable characteristics, the first-order difference is used as the smooth time sequence to observe. Our experimental results on Alabama University enrollments and Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) demonstrate that the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed forecasting approach, in this paper, which gets higher forecasting accuracy than state-of-the-art methods.


Jet characteristics of air supply opening in a ventilating or an air-conditioning system is primarily decided by the folw state in the duct connected to the opening. It is valuable to study the opening jet characteristics and the flow state in a duct. In this study, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique combined with the Tarlor-Galerkin Finite Element Method (FEM) in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was applied to the problem. The 3-D flow fields in ducts around air supply opening under typical conditions were investigated by numerical simulation as well as experimental measurements. Numerical results agree well with the available experimental data. It indicates that the LES method is available under the conditions with complicated boundaries and inner accompanied by anisotropic large-scale eddies, and it is credible to predict the jet deflection characteristics around an opening.


While the university students are discovering self,creating self,and enjoying self in the virtual existence space,there are still existence perplexities,such as the social emotions which are solidified in reality,the spirit and the human body which are separated,the disappearance of the feelings belonging to the group and the restrained autonomy.It's a call for their autonomous returning,the respect for the meaning of human life,as well as the reflection of the existence of human value to be concerned with the university students puzzled by their existence in the network.So educators should foster the university students to form good autonomous personality,help them get out of the loss from the network roles,guide them learn how to live,make them really feel where they belong to,reshape their life faith and provide the souls of individuals in the virtual society a harbor to stop.Educators should provide psychological aids by means of network,and assist the university students to adjust themself;the society should create the good network environment for the university students,which is the premise for the educators to carry out the humane concern.


A field experiment was conducted to illustrate the different degree and dynamics of microbial community struc ture and function in the rhizosphere across four growing stages (before plantation and three growth stages) using a combination of biochemical (enzyme assay and microbial biomass carbon) and molecular approaches of qPCR and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Rice plant cultivation promoted higher enzyme activities (invertase and urease), microbial biomass carbon (C mic ), bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS rRNA) genes abundances in the rhizosphere compared to unplanted soil. Principal component analyses of PCR-DGGE profile also revealed that structures of bacterial and fungal communities of rice planted soil were well distinct from unplanted soil. Moreover, enzyme activities showed a significant positive correlation with the total microbial biomass in the rhizosphere throughout growth stages of rice plant. Relative fungal: bacterial ratios were significantly higher in rice planted soil compared to unplanted soil, suggesting rice plantation enhanced the fungal community in the rice rhizosphere environment. These results further suggest a significant linkage between the mi crobial community dynamics and function in the rhizosphere associated with rice plant over time.


To the Editor.— Disparate findings have been reported regarding the question of possible harm to health resulting from coffee drinking. 1-6 The association of coffee and tobacco use 1-4 was suggested as a confounding factor. 1 In a prospective study, Thomas 7 showed significant positive association between coffee drinking and cigarette smoking. A similar finding was also reported by Hrubec. 8 Palotas, 5 using international data, reported significant positive correlation between "apparent per capita coffee consumption and deaths per 100,000 from arteriosclerotic and degenerative heart disease" for 16 countries. For six European countries, grossly similar in diet and climate, a highly significant positive correlation was found. Since significant associations evidently exist between coffee drinking and cigarette smoking on the one hand, and between coffee drinking and risk of certain cardiovascular diseases 9,10 on the other, the suggestion 1 that the "discrepancies" might be related to cigarette smoking needs clarification. Usage


Additive decomposition of the rate of deformation into the elastic and the inelastic parts is assumed. For the elastic part, the hypoelastic relation is used. For the inelastic part, the flow law of VBO is augmented by a term quadratic in the overstress together with a modified Jaumann stress rate which jointly or separately allow the modeling of second-order effects


A two‐stage radial arm maze (RAM) task has been designed recently to demonstrate a specific age‐related memory deficit in mice. It highlights the contrast between normal and deficient memory expression in a spatial discrimination problem depending on how to‐be discriminated arms were presented to the animal. This specific deficit has been interpreted as a preferential loss in a relational/declarative form of memory, thereby implying an underlying hippocampal dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, neuronal activation measured by Fos immunostaining was compared in aged (21–23 months) and adult (4–6 months) mice trained in the aforementioned task and killed after a retention session consisting in age‐insensitive probe trials, performed 6 days later (6‐day RAM). Two comparison conditions were included: (i) repeated locomotor training on a treadmill (TM); (ii) the same RAM training, except for the use of a longer (30 days instead of six) retention interval (30‐day RAM). Although all RAM groups displayed similar levels of performance at the end of the experiment, immediately before the mice were killed, significant between‐group differences in brain activation were observed. In adult mice, 6‐day RAM testing was associated with greater septal and hippocampal (CA1, CA3, DG) Fos expression than the TM condition. Lengthening the retention interval from 6 days to 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in RAM testing‐induced Fos expression in most of the septo‐hippocampal regions. With respect to adult mice, aged mice displayed reduced Fos expression (except for DG) and a lack of interrelationships between levels of Fos produced in each of the SH regions, in the 6‐day RAM testing condition. Conversely, there was no effect of ageing on Fos expression associated with either TM training or 30‐day RAM testing. These results are interpreted as reflecting age‐ (or time‐) related alterations in recruiting of brain structures that underlie a relational/declarative form of memory expression.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy in the non-surgical treatment of stable traumatic subdural effusion among the elderly.Methods Twenty-eight elderly patients with stable traumatic subdural effusion were divided into treatment group(n=16)and control group(n=12).The control group received conventional treatment,while the treatment group received modified Buyang Huanwu decoction in addition to the conventional treatment.The treatment outcome and subdural effusion disappearance time were evaluated after the same course of treatment.Results There was no significant difference in treatment outcome between the two groups(P0.05).The treatment group had a significantly shorter subdural effusion disappearance time than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has good clinical effect in the non-surgical treatment of stable traumatic subdural effusion among the elderly,and it can accelerate the disappearance of subdural effusion.


Rats with pre‐hepatic portal hypertension because of partial portal vein ligation develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with hyperammonemia, impaired blood–brain barrier, mild brain edema, and severe mitochondrial changes in the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of different neural cells in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Animals were divided into two groups, MHE and sham. Astrocytes were studied by immunostaining with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β protein; neurons were immunostained with neuronal nuclear marker, microtubule associated protein‐2, and NF‐200 and capillaries with Nestin. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and its downstream proteins, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and erythropoietin receptor (Epo‐R), were also evaluated. Astrocytes were increased in area and number only in the hippocampus, while S100β increased in both brain areas in MHE animals. Microtubule associated protein‐2 and NF‐200 immunoreactivities (‐ir) were significantly reduced in both areas. Hippocampal Nestin‐ir was increased in MHE animals. These cellular changes were similar to those described in ischemic conditions, thus HIF‐1α, P‐gp, and Epo‐R were also evaluated. A high expression of HIF‐1α in cortical neurons was observed in the MHE group. It is likely that this hypoxia‐like state is triggered via ammonia occupying the binding domain of HIF‐1α and thereby preventing its degradation and inducing its stabilization, leading to the over‐expression of P‐gp and the Epo‐R.


The article reviews the art exhibition "Combine Reality: Eli Cortinas and Katharina Jahnke," on view at the Frisch gallery in Berlin, Germany.


IEEE Electr i f icat ion Magazine / JUNE 2020 2 HIS IS A HISTORICAL MOMENT: WHEN THE GLOBAL population is fighting the COVID19 pandemic and peo ple are adjusting to new norms of life such as social dis tancing and travel restriction. On a positive note, we hear the exciting news that scientists are collaborating worldwide and sharing data of virus genes; scientists work both day and night. In recordsetting speed, the vaccine was produced within a short 40 days after the gene sequence was published. This story shows us how important it is to have researchers sharing research results in a timely fashion. The IEEE and IEEE Electrification Magazine work with this goal in mind. The pandemic also reveals the importance of industrialization and manufacturing possessing adequate supply chains. Manufac turing and critical infrastructures, including electrification, are indispensable. Science, technology, engineering, and mathemat ics (STEM) is the foundation of this industry and economy. In the past 40 years, the trend of deindustrialization has become more common each day. Data shows that fewer children enroll in engineering colleges in the United States. This pandemic serves as a reminder that STEM and electrification are of critical importance to nations across the world. In this issue, you will find a collection of feature articles addressing decarbonization in the automobile, aircraft, ship ping, and utility industries. Power electronics is the key driving technology of decarbonization, and there are two critical compo nents for power electronics advancements: materials and control. The first article, "Power Gallium Nitride Technology" by Dilder Chowdhury of Nexperia, discusses a specific type of material, gal lium nitride (GaN), for power electronics. Chowdhury compares the material properties of GaN, silicon carbide, and silicon (Si). By Eduard Muljadi and Lingling Fan Electrification Is Key to Our Economy


Temperature gradients and wave‐guiding center resonance modify the usual finite gyroradius stabilization criteria and growth rate for the interchange instability in a collisionless low‐β plasma. The growth rate is given for a few examples.


"The present study was conducted among 12-steps communities of recovery (Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous) in Hungary. As these communities become more and more frequented, it is of interest to explore how recovering addicts implement their specific program of recovery and what psychological characteristics are affected by this process. The study presumed that longer time in abstinence predicted lower levels of chronic stress and higher levels of subjective well-being, given that participants were working actively on their sobriety/recovery. Thus, it was assumed that more intense work on sobriety would lead to lower levels of stress and higher levels of well-being. After filtration, N = 148 recovering addicts were included in the study. The participants completed a test-battery including queries on sobriety efforts (SEQ); Perceived Stress Survey (PSS-13) and the shortened version of WHO's well-being questionnaire (WB15). The results show that abstinence doesn't influence levels of stress neither in itself nor through active work on recovery. Nevertheless, a more intense work on sobriety (adhering to the 5 suggestions of 12 step program) predicted higher levels of subjective well-being. Recovering addicts commit themselves most actively to the recommendations of the 12-step communities during their first to five years of their abstinence. Our study makes a stand for anonymous recovery programs and argues that active efforts of maintaining sobriety are essential for sustainable recovery and long-term sobriety, and adherence to the five recommendations of these 12-step communities predict subjective well-being. "


This paper describes the design of a low-voltage low-power pipelined analog-to-digital converter using a new class-AB pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The class-AB OTA employed in this work makes use of partial positive feedback to enhance its transconductance, which allows large gain-bandwidth product with low power dissipation. A 6 bit 15.36 MS/s pipelined ADC has been designed using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Simulation results show that the ADC can achieve a maximum DNL and INL of 0.5 LSB and 0.59 LSB, respectively, and an SFDR of 47.5 dB, while draining 2.8 mA from a 2 V supply voltage.


Would being immortal mean losing the kind of human life to which we are attached? This is the question taken up in this chapter. Even if immortality did cost us the kind of life to which we are attached, it is argued that there might be tradeoffs that make it worth it. Moreover, it is hard to evaluate such tradeoffs, because the two kinds of lives are so different. They arguably demand different standards of evaluation, and it is difficult to make a comparative evaluation. Consequently, the supposed downsides of immortality are too uncertain to be a place where we can find solace in death.


The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) is a standard model in the analysis of inflation dynamics. For the Australian economy, this study establishes the empirical evidence that the NKPC can explain the process of inflation dynamics and the price-setting mechanism. The trade shocks, such as the real exchange rate and the terms of trade, play an important role in inflation dynamics.


Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 3 Palembang is unique enough to be studied because since inception of Islamic religion teacher education institutions. The results of this study found that type of leadership visoner is owned by head of Man 3 Palembang oriented management of change and continues over time. Visionary leadership is the key. Head of MAN 3 Palembang has been able to create, formulate, communicate, socialize, transform, and implement the ideal thoughts coming from him and the result of social interaction between members of organization and stakeholders that are believed to achieve ideals of organization in the future. In addition, management of change has been initiated through an internal analysis of the organization by identifying four areas, namely services, finance, human resources and facilities in order to discover the strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. All of this has been the commitment of all personnel MAN 3 Palembang to achieve my goals and success. Lastly, head of MAN 3 Palembang has been able to implement management changes, so that the organization built quality improvement-oriented leadership, teacher quality, school programs, students' final exam results, student achievement and strong school culture.


The article considers the model and algorithm used to research the inductor motor start mode in the step drive with a transducer, providing the preset current pulse waveform in phases sustention. According to the conditions of currents proportionality the derivative of the phases inductivity for the rotor angle of rotation, the authors determined the current waveform at which inductor stepping motor provides steady motion when processing the steps. The calculated analysis results are shown which proved that the form "curvilinear triangle" closest to the determined pulse had the maximum starting moment and intake frequency in the step drive with an inductor motor.


In this study the researcher wants to examine the impact of crisis communication on employee's emotional exhaustion with mediating role of perceived uncertainties in the banking sector of Gujranwala district of Pakistan with the moderating impact of organizational intransigence, which may cause workers to rely less on official communication to alleviate those doubts. Moreover, this study analyses the impact of crisis communication on the perception of uncertainty based on uncertainty reduction theory.  Furthermore, the moderating influence of social support in terms of perceived uncertainties on the relationship between crisis communication and emotional exhaustion is investigated in this study. 300 sample sizes are used by the investigator in this study, however 298 responses were selected for final analysis. Employees from all private banks completed a questionnaire in all over the Pakistan. The SPSS and process by Hayes used for the outcome analysis. SPSS is used for demographic results, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's model correlation. Results of significances of variables would be determined in process by HAYES. Results indicates that Crisis communication has correlation with emotional exhaustion. Crisis communication also has significant negative relationship with emotional exhaustion. Moreover, crisis communication has a negative and significant relationship with perceived uncertainties. Perceived uncertainties have a positive and significant impact on emotional exhaustion. However, perceived uncertainties play a mediating role among crisis communication and emotional exhaustion Practical Implications.


An organocatalytic asymmetric approach has been developed for the ennantioselective construction of dihydroisocoumarin-based spirooxindole frameworks in high yields, excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 99%, all >95:5 dr, up to 99% ee). This approach takes advantage of chiral thiourea-tertiaryamine catalyzed tandem reaction of isatins with enolizable homophthalic anhydride, which has wide substrate scope and can be performed with low catalyst loading. This reaction not only provides an efficient and useful method for constructing enantioenriched dihydroisocoumarin-based spirooxindole scaffold, but also will enrich the research contents of catalytic asymmetric tandem reactions and enantioselective synthesis of biologically important spirooxindoles.


In this paper, we study the Hardy{Rellich type inequalities and uncertainty principle on the geodesic sphere. Firstly, we derive Lp-Hardy in-equalities via divergence theorem, which are in turn used to establish the Lp-Rellich inequalities. We also establish Heisenberg uncertainty principle on the sphere via the Hardy{Rellich type inequalities. The best constants appearing in the inequalities are shown to be sharp.


The present paper is a report of the help patterns among older people and their adult children in three countries-Denmark, Britain, and the United States. The data come from interviews conducted in mid-1962 with nationwide probability samples of approximately 2,500 persons aged 65 and over in each of the three countries. Family help patterns in old age in Denmark, Britain, and the United States differ by the social class position of the older person. The class position of old people effects primarily the size of their immediate families, their family structure, and their living arrangements. While the social class of the old person effects the magnitude and direction of parent-child help, persons in every social class report that they help their children and that their children help them.


Biometrical processing of faces Device identification Digital camera photographic provenance Digital image authentication Face modeling Face recognition Fingerprint forensic tool for criminal investigation Multimedia document authentication Multimedia forensic techniques Technologies in biometrics


Introduction. Tranilast (N-(3',4'-demethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid) is an anti-allergic drug. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of antigen-induced release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. It exerts antifibroproliferative activity as well. These properties of tranilast are used in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. Keloid fibroblasts exhibit overproduction of collagen type I and decreased degradation of extracellular matrix in comparison with normal fibroblasts. Matrix metalloproteinases play the key role in extracellular matrix turnover. Objective. Quantitatively evaluate MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) gene expression in normal human skin fibroblasts and fibroblasts derived from keloids exposed to tranilast in vitro. Material and methods. The experimental material constituted two cell lines: normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keloid fibroblasts (KEL FIB). In the first stage of the study, the influence of tranilast on cell viability was estimated. The second stage of the study involved the quantitative evaluation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression in RNA extracts from fibroblasts treated with tranilast. Real-time QRT-PCR was used to validate the transcription level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in NHDF and KEL FIB cells after tranilast treatment. Results. Tranilast reduces the viability of the fibroblasts of both cell lines in 300 μM. The performed analysis indicates a stimulating effect of tranilast at 3 μM and 30 μM on the expression of MMP-2 in normal fibroblasts and at 3 μM on keloid fibroblasts. Tranilast did not influence the expression of MMP-9 mRNA, either in normal fibroblasts or in keloid fibroblasts. Conclusions. Tranislast reduces the viability of normal and keloid fibroblast and modulated expression of MMP-2. Hovewer its activity is dose dependent. It is necessary to continue the study to evaluate full antiproliferative activity of tranilast.


A shortest-path algorithm finds a path containing the minimal cost between two vertices in a graph. A plethora of shortest-path algorithms is studied in the literature that span across multiple disciplines. This paper presents a survey of shortest-path algorithms based on a taxonomy that is introduced in the paper. One dimension of this taxonomy is the various flavors of the shortest-path problem. There is no one general algorithm that is capable of solving all variants of the shortest-path problem due to the space and time complexities associated with each algorithm. Other important dimensions of the taxonomy include whether the shortest-path algorithm operates over a static or a dynamic graph, whether the shortest-path algorithm produces exact or approximate answers, and whether the objective of the shortest-path algorithm is to achieve time-dependence or is to only be goal directed. This survey studies and classifies shortest-path algorithms according to the proposed taxonomy. The survey also presents the challenges and proposed solutions associated with each category in the taxonomy.


Substituent constants and regression analysis have been used to correlate the localization of substituted benzeneboronic acids in brain and tumor tissue of mice. It is shown that localization in the brain can be rationalized in terms of one parameter, π, obtained from octanol: water partition coefficients. Localization in the tumor depends on an additional electronic parameter, δ. Localization in the boronic acid series is compared with biologic activity in a series of barbituric acids.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by Research Grant GM-07492 from the National Institutes of Health. We thank Edna W. Deutsch for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.


Security has been the most important issue in relations between Turkey and the European Union. Turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the Union, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the EU. The European Union in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the EU, defining issues such as terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, energy security and identity security as new threats. In order to meet such threats, Turkey has been considered as an important actor. In the beginning, the relationship was limited to military partnership, but in recent years, the European Union has tried to exploit Turkey's non-military capabilities as well. The question that the persent paper wants to examine is: what are Turkey's security capabilities to achieve permanent membership in the European Union? To answer this question, the authors examine the security concerns of the European Union, especially after the Cold War and September the 11th, as well as Turkey's capabilities in response to such concerns.


Prose is lyric, which looks into the sincere transmission of the subjects' emotions. In the new times, prosers seek either the concentration, unique and clearance or the vagueness, implication and variety of emotions. They prospectively express the subjects' emotions from various sides and angles by following the prose characteristics of freedom, the life, and the nature.


As the Web 2.0 technology is becoming popular, people are eager to access the Internet at anytime and anyplace. In this paper, we present an Internet connectivity sharing system, called iShare, based on the concept of ad-hoc networking. In iShare, the efficiency and load-balancing issues are considered. Also, the functionalities of gateway discovery/selection and routing inter-operability as well as address assignment, IP tunneling, and firewall/NAT are designed and implemented. The experimental results for our implementation prototype indicate that the performance of our iShare system is acceptable for Internet connectivity to access HTTP services.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the multifunction cardiogram (MCG), and SYNTAX score (SS) and functional SYNTAX score (FSS) in detecting the presence of intermediate to obstructive coronary lesions.


A method for extruding a frame-shaped profiled rim (4) of elastomeric material onto the edge of a glass pane (1) having one or more sharp corners (2). The profiled rim (4) is provided with a radial sealing lip (8) projecting beyond the edge of the pane (1). In the corner area (2), the profiled rim (4) is laid along an arc of a circle. The extrusion die (14) used has an elongate slot covered at one end by a slide (16). The slide (16) is preferably coupled to a guide roller (17) rolling along the edge surface of the pane (1). The lip (8) is thus continuously elongated in the corner region, then continuously shortened again back to its original length. The resulting product, particularly glazing for use in motor vehicles, comprises, at the corners, a frame of which the lip, like the rest of the rim, is continuous with the adjacent linear portions.


Abstract During investigations on the polymorphism of milk proteins, those proteins designated by Wake and Baldwin (7) as bands 1.00 and 1.04 were not found. This anomaly was found in milks of a few cows. The cause of this phenomenon is not known. Further investigations are in progress.


Psychoanalysis is what reintroduces the Name-of-the-Father to scientific consideration. Lacan defines the psychoanalysis' task as the one to reintroduce the Name-of-the-Father to scientific consideration. This text aims at demonstrating what this means. In such attempt, it examines the concept of the Name-of-the-Father as a lacanian formalization of the Oedipus myth with which Freud defined psychic reality. Following this, it takes the ways of progress as well as the gaps this concept suffered in Lacan's first teaching.


This work centres on the study of campus wifi hotspot networks in Nigeria universities, using the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka as a case study. A Campus Wide Area Network (CWN) provides a means of communication and collaboration in data intensive environments. These are vital key factors to building a strong knowledge culture and facilitating collaborative research for any educational institution. Network stumbler (Wifi Network Analyzer) and Iperf were installed on different laptop computers in the respective Access Points (AP) while being monitored from a dedicated server running on Mikrotik and wireshark. This was used in collecting useful data needed for the chara of the UNIZIK wifi hotspot network in terms of Received signal strength index (RSSI), Data throughput and latency/network delay. The AP distance from user is carefully measured with a meter tape. Performance analysis carried out on this university wifi hotspots shows that the network offers a delay of 0.1545s by default that increases by a factor of 0.001s; a data throughput of 37.30Mbps that decreases by a factor of 0.25Mbps for any user added to the network. Also, that an RSSI of -35.438dBm was obtained at the AP base station which decreases by a factor of 0.4925dBm for any 1m distance away from the APand finally that a traditional hotspot networks based on IEEE 802.11 series lacks integrated intelligence for services convergence, QoS performance and in most cases suffers from interoperability problems.


Data obtained from the aeromagnetic survey of the Hanford Project were reduced, compiled, and plotted to obtain a map showIng contours of equal magnetic intensity. General configuration of the basalt bedrock was evident due to the high magnetic susceptibility of the basalt. The low susceptibility of the overlying sedimentary material caused little or no distortion of the earth's magnetic field; thus the presence of buried bedrock structures was easily determined. The survey was of a reconnaissance nature, and quantitative evaluation was not practical. Several basalt ridges delineated were in whole or part detected by the Hanford well system; other structures, missed by the well network, were detected geomagnetically. The aeromagnetic data should be helpful in evaluating the structure of the basalt bedrock which forms the lower boundary of the ground-water flow system. Normally, airborne magnetometer surveys are flown at a near constant altitude above mean sea level; however, because this survey was secondary to the primary radiometric investigation, the flights were made at near constant altitudes above ground surface. This presented complications in data interpretation which, theoretically at least, were resolvable by correcting the magnetic data to a single altitude datum plane. This was done, but the resulting correlations (knownmore » basalt elevations vs. magnetic readings) were no better, and in some cases worse, than those based on variable altitudes. In this particular case, the effects on the recorded data attributable to the complex geometry of the basalt were apparently of appreciable or greater influence than those effects due to altitude changes. (auth)« less


In this paper, the requirements for the sectional depth of prestressed concrete beams satisfying the permissible stress limits are examined. An explicit expression for the member depth is derived in terms of three geometric parameters characterizing the cross section. It can be shown that the governing equation for the depth of prestressed concrete beams is a cubic equation consisting of only one real root. For design, an approximate solution is proposed for the beam depth, and the approximate solution is shown to provide good accuracy within the practical range of loadings and span lengths. The solution for sectional depth, however, does not guarantee a feasible section for the member, and a check on adequate cover for the prestressing tendon must be made during design.


This thesis contains laboratory experimental results of strength, deformation and particle breakage of fresh and recycled ballast under monotonic and cyclic loadings, experimental evaluation of effectiveness of various geosynthetics in stabilising recycled ballast, and a new stress-strain constitutive model for ballast incorporating particle breakage. Ballast degrades progressively under heavy cyclic rail loadings, leading to deterioration of track substructure, rail alignment and train safety. Severely fouled ballast is often removed from the track and replaced by freshly quarried ballast, causing track maintenance very costly. Discarded ballast can be cleaned, sieved and recycled to track foundation. In this study, the shear strength and stiffness of both fresh and recycled ballast were investigated in a series of consolidated drained shearing tests using a large-scale triaxial apparatus. The degree of particle breakage was quantified by sieving the ballast specimens before and after each test and recording the changes in ballast gradation. The stress-strain, shear strength, stiffness and particle breakage results of recycled ballast were compared with fresh ballast. The crushing strength characteristics of fresh and recycled ballast grains were investigated in a series of single grain crushing tests on various particle sizes. A track capping and was simulated settlement, lateral behaviour field-simulated a series examined experimental results. Finite element analyses using analytical This study shows that the new constitutive model stress-strain, volume change and particle breakage of accuracy for both monotonic and cyclic


�� � We have identified an iridovirus CH-1 from sea perch Lateolabrax sp. healthy externally and imported from China to Korea. In a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the five different genomic regions, the CH-1 appears to be closely related to the ISKNV, IVS-1 and Ehime-1 strains detected in China, Korea and Japan respectively. In quantitative comparison of the viral DNA, level of CH-1 in tissue of imported fish was 10,000 times lower than that of IVS-1 strain presented in the infected rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus of moribund stage. It allowed us to speculate the possibility of the asymtomatic iridovirus infection in the culturing sea perch. Such possibility of asymptomatic infection was supported by result of no appearance of dead fish with typical symptoms of iridoviral disease in keeping experiment of the imported sea pearch in laboratory for more than three weeks. Such asymptomatic infections with iridovirus were also found in spleen of the culturing and externally healthy sea perch of Korea by the presence of the iridoviral DNA in nested PCR.


Dendritic cel1 algorithm (DCA)iS inspired by functions of the dendritic cells(IX;s)of the innate immune system,and has been successfully applied tO numerous security-related problems.However,theoretical analysis of the DCA has barely been performed,and most theoretical aspects of the algorithm have not yet been revealed.Other immune inspired algorithms,such as negative and clonal selection algorithms,are theo retically presented in many literatures.As a result,it is important to conduct a similar theoretica1 analysis of the DCA,and determine its runtime complexity and other algorithmic properties in line with other artificial immune algorithms.Theoretical analysis was implemented via in— troduction of three runtime variables in terms of three phases of the algorithrrL The standard DCA achieves a lower bound of fl(n)runtime complexity and an upper bound of O(n )runtime complexity under the worst case.In addition, the algorithm'S runtime complexity can be improved to O(max(nN ,ha))by using segmentation approach for online analysis component.


Based on monitoring reports nutritional status of children in Lubuk Kilangan Puskesmas Padang in 2014, from 291 infants who weighed by BB / U, known malnutrition by 10 people (3.44%), malnutrition as many as 54 people (18.56%), and good nutrition as much as 222 (76.3%). The purpose of this study to see if Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status In Toddlers in Sub Bandar Buat Padang District of Lubuk Kilangan 2016. Types and methods of this research is analytic survey with cross sectional design. The research was conducted in the village of Lubuk Kilangan Bandar Buat District of Padang in May 2016. The population is all the mothers who have children amounted to 755 people. Samples taken as many as 88 people with cluster random sampling techniques and sample used for the randomization Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collected by using a questionnaire. Processing of data by univariate and bivariate data analysis performed using Chi-Square test. The results were obtained over the majority 51.1% children have malnutrition. Mothers who are knowledgeable low of 3.6%, which the family income <1.615 million as much as 47.7%. Mothers who do not give exclusive breastfeeding much as 52.3%. Of test statistics in get a significant relationship between the nutritional status of children with a mother knowledge (p value 0.000), there was a significant relationship between the nutritional status of children with family incomes (p value 0.000), and no significant correlation between the nutritional status of children with exclusive breastfeeding ( p value 0.034).  It was concluded that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of children with the knowledge of the mother, family income and exclusive breastfeeding in Lubuk Kilangan Puskesmas Padang Year 2016. For the Lubuk Kilangan health center in order to do counseling at least 1 time a month on Nutrition in infants in order to improve knowledge of mothers on nutritional status.


A material for the fabrication of dentures incorporates glass fiber reinforced plastics (12), the plastics being a partially aromatic polyamide. The rough denture (10) is formed by the spray application of the material and is subsequently milled and polished to shape, and subsequently retains its properties in use. Independent claims are also included for method of identifying the shape of dentures, and for a device for carrying out the method. The fibers (14) are inserted into the form and cast in plastics. The form is fabricated by first establishing the shape of a residual zone of teeth and a duplicate replacement section (42) is generated and stored as digital data (DD).


In this paper, a cross-layer design approach has been used to evaluate the effect of forward error correction (FEC) on energy consumption of non-coherent energy detector receiver using impulse radio ultra-wideband in the context of wireless sensor networks. The proposed method captures relevant characteristics of the physical and medium access control (MAC) layers, while taking into account bit error probability (BEP) requirement of the application. A two-stage semi-analytical optimization model and code rate selection algorithm has been developed to find out the optimal code rate from the energy efficiency perspective. Firstly, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gap analysis is used to select the code rates, which can provide the same target BEP as uncoded transmission, with lower received SNR. Secondly, an energy consumption model is used to explore which one of the selected code rates provide the highest energy saving, when compared to the uncoded case. In this work, the proposed algorithm has been executed for Reed-Solomon codes using Nakagami-m fading channel model and taking into account the channel access success probability of the Slotted Aloha MAC for different offered traffic loads. The results clearly illustrate the potential energy savings that can be achieved by using FEC and selecting the optimum code rate. The developed model is useful in the selection of code rate for particular communication distances and offered traffic load values.


A multiple delayed model of HIV infection has been proposed in this paper. The first delay explains the time for an uninfected cell to become infected. This delay is termed as intracellular delay. The second delay known as the immunological delay describes the immune activation time. The basic reproduction number for the model has been given and the local stability analysis has been performed. The inclusion of the viral loss term, that is the loss of virus due to the bursting of the infected cells has also been included.


Many studies have already addressed the perception of cultured meat, but the segmentation of potential consumers has not been adequately investigated. Based on an online survey in Croatia with 411 valid responses, four socio-demographically characterized segments were identified. The key differentiators between the segments relate to consumers' moral and ethical concerns about cultured meat and their perceptions of the impact of cultured meat production on the economy. The multinomial logistic regression used to describe the segments found that the segments differed from the reference segment (Concerned) in terms of support for public research and funding of cultured meat, the willingness to consume it, and religiosity. These results help provide deeper insight into the profiles of potential consumers of cultured meat.


To face an increasingly complex business environment such as currently cooperation as a "sokoguru perekonomian nasional�? is expected to become a pillar of Indonesian economy. This research aims to analyzed the implementation of Good Corporate Governance to improve the performance of student activity units Koperasi Mahasiswa Universitas Jember Kampus Bondowoso. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with vertical analyse research model. The result show that student activity units Koperasi Mahasiswa Univesitas Jember Kampus Bondowoso shown from the ratio that Koperasi Mahasiswa Universitas Jember Kampus Bondowoso liquid and good enough condition as a new establish cooperation. The conclusion is Koperasi Mahasiswa Universitas Jember Kampus Bondowoso can use Good Corporate Governance as a reference to create a good governance.


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Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is frequently performed in patients following a cryptogenic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The aim of this single centre study was to determine the diagnostic yield of TOE in cases referred following a stroke or TIA, & to clarify whether findings differed based on evidence of an acute ischaemic cerebral event on MRI or CT. We also sought to assess the prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in this population and whether they would meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria for recent PFO closure trials. Methods We retrospectively analysed TOE cases performed in our centre for assessment of an embolic source of a stroke or TIA between November 2017 & November 2018. Patients who did not have cerebral imaging in our centre were excluded from this study. Baseline, demographic, clinical, & technical data were collected for all patients using our IT system & a database was formed. Significant findings on TOE were defined as left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus, left ventricular thrombus, patent foramen ovale & grade 3–4 aortic arch atheroma. Results Our analysis included 189 TOEs during the study period, 20 of these patients were excluded due to incomplete imaging. The study includes 169 TOE cases. Baseline characteristics of the study included, mean age 60.7 years (range; 23–84), female 50.3%. 49.7% (n=84) of patients had a lesion on MRI with diffusion weighed imaging (DWI +), (DWI + MRI: 49.7% v DWI - MRI: 50.2%) (table 1). Significant findings on TOE were identified more commonly in patients with evidence of an acute lesion on MRI DWI, (47% v 31%, p value=0.01996). 1 left atrial appendage thrombus was identified in a MRI DWI+ case, this required initiation of anticoagulation. A PFO was identified in 13% of cases (n=22). Prevalence of PFO did not differ between the DWI+ and DWI - cohorts (15.4% vs 12.9%, p=NS). Only 13.6% of PFO's identified (n=3, 1.7% of total cohort) were eligible for PFO closure based on hierarchal application of the REDUCE and CLOSE trial criteria. (Table 2).Abstract 40 Table 1 Patient Characteristics (n=169) Patient Characteristics (n=169) Mean Age, yr 60.7±37.7 Men 84 (49.7%) Medical History no.% Hypertension 90 (53%) Diabetes Mellitus 25 (14.8%) Hyperlipidemia 45 (26.6%) Prior history of TIA or stroke 13 (7.7%) Prior history of atrial fibrillation 18 (10.65%) New atrial fibrillation following TIA/stroke 9 (5.32%) Imaging no.% Positive MRI DWI lesion prior to TOE 84 (49.7%) Cerebrovascular event on Computed Tomography prior to TOE 33 (19.5%) Carotid Stenosis >50% on computed tomography 34 (20.1%) Stroke Territory on MRI (n=84) no.% Carotid 62 (73.8%) Vertebrobasiliar 16 (19.1%) Carotid + Vertebrobasiliar 6 (7.1%) Patent Foramen Ovale (n=22) no. (%) PFO with large shunt without ASA 2 (9.1%) PFO with large shunt with ASA 2 (9.1%) PFO with small to moderate shunt with ASA 7 (31.8%) PFO with small to moderate shunt without ASA 11 (50%) Abstract 40 Table 2 Findings of Transoesophageal Echocardiogram Findings of Transoesophageal Echocardiogram MRI DWI positive MRI DWI negative 84 (49.7%) 85 (50.3%) Left Ventricle Thrombus 0 0 Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus 1 (1.2%) 0 Grade 3 – 4 Aortic Arch Atheroma 27 (32.1%) 16 (18.8%) Total Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm (ASA ) 11 (13.9%) 11 (12.9%) PFO; large shunt without ASA 2 (2.4%) 0 PFO; large shunt with ASA 1 (1.2%) 1 (1.2%) PFO small to moderate shunt with ASA 5 (5.9%) 2 (2.4%) PFO; small to moderate shunt without ASA 3 (3.6%) 8 (9.4%) Conclusion Over half of patients referred for work-up of TOE to rule out an embolic source for a stroke/TIA do not have MRI evidence of an acute ischaemic cerebral event. As such their prior probability of relevant abnormalities being identified on TOE is decreased. Physicians should take this prior probability into account when reporting TOEs in the setting of TIA/Stroke. PFOs were identified in a smaller than expected number of patients in our cohort. Care must be taken when interpreting the significance of a PFO in these patients, particularly in those who do not meet the criteria for PFO closure. We determined a statistically significant increase in diagnostic yield and explanation for TIA/stroke aetiology on TOEs performed in patients with objective evidence of cerebral ischaemia. However TOE identified minimal findings that led to a change in patient therapeutic management.


The polar lipids of a hot spring microbial mat located in Yellowstone National Park were examined for the presence of bacteriohopanepolvols (BHP). BHP are a group of molecules consisting of a hopanoid (peotacyclic triterpene) linked via a n-alkyl polyhydroxylated chain to a variety of polar end groups. BHP have been isolated in varying amounts from phylogenetically diverse eubacterial groups including cyanobacteria, methanotrophs and the Rhodospirillaceae. The hopanoids are excellent biomarkers and have been detected in sedimentary rocks as old as 1.7 bya. In order to interpret the ancient organic record, it is important to understand the abundance, source and fate of such biomarker compounds in microbial mats. A 40 sq cm mat section was taken from a 52 to 55 C site in the effluent channel of Octopus Spring and was sampled vertically over approximately 16 mm. The first 5-6 mm was sectioned into a top green layer (310 mg dry weight) and several subjacent, deep orange layers (240 and 250 mg, respectively). The lower 10 mm of the mat was sectioned into two gelatinous orange layers containing a siliceous gritty material (260 and 440 mg) which increased with depth, and a bottom layer composed almost exclusively of siliceous sinter (4.1 g). The progressive decrease in total organic carbon from 45% in the top green layer to only 4% in the bottom layer reflects the observed increase in siliceous deposition. GC-MS analysis of the phospholipid and glycolipid fatty acids yielded predominantly saturated normal chain acids, n-15 to n-18, and iso-branched acids, i-15 to i-17. Small amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (16:1, two positional isomers of 18:1, and two cyclopropyl acids, C(sub 17) and C(sub 19)) were present mainly in the top layer. Esterified fatty acid which is a good index for intact cellular membrane, i.e. viable organisms, was highest in the top two layers (203 and 231 micro g/mg total lipid, respectively) and gradually decreased to 66 micro g/mg total lipid in the bottom layer. Small amounts of BHP were present in all six layers, however in this case, BHP was lowest in the top green and subjacent deep-orange layers (118 and 172 micro g/mg total lipid, respectively) and increased with depth reaching almost 400 micro g/mg in the bottom two layers. This data suggest that BHP are survivina the initial phase of mat degradation and may be preferentially enriched in any organic record of such thermal environments. The relatively low level of BHP in the top layer also suggests that cyanobacteria may not be the major source of BHP in this mat. Since Chloroflexus a major component of the deep-orange layer has been reported to lack BHP, this material may prove a valuable biomarker for some other mat inhabitant. Further isotopic characterization of this BHP should help resolve this finding.


A laboratory study on loamy soil (19.6% clay) with different quality waters varying in Ca : Mg ratio (1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4, 1 : 6, 1 : 8) at two levels each of salinity (6 and 12 dSm-1) and SAR (10 and 50) was carried out. Exchangeable sodium (ES), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), Na: (Ca+Mg) ratio and degree of dispersed clay in soil increased with increasing Mg concentration at both the levels of EC(iw) and SAR(iw). The percentage of dispersed clay was more with increasing Mg concentration at higher SAR(iw) with a lower level of EC(iw), while the reverse trend was observed with hydraulic conductivity of soil. The Ca : Mg ratio in the exchange complex decreased with increasing Mg concentration, EC(iw) and SAR(iw). Further Mg concentration in the exchange complex increased with Mg in water and EC(iw) and decreased with the rise in SAR(iw). The multiple correlations between different water parameters and soil characteristics, namely ESP, degree of dispersion and hydraulic conductivity, were calculated and regression equations were developed. The relative contributions of water parameters to ESP, degree of dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of soil were in the order SAR(iw) > EC(iw) > Ca : Mg; EC(iw) > Ca : Mg > SAR(iw), EC(iw) > SAR(iw) > Ca : Mg, respectively.


The surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectra of 1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine adsorbed on silver hydrosols were recorded in the region 3500–100 cm−1. From the comparison of the SER and normal Raman spectra of 1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine both in the pure form and dissolved in alkaline solution, it can be deduced that the substance is dissociatively adsorbed on metal surface. In order to interpret the SER spectra, ab initio RHF calculations with a 6–31+G** basis set were performed to obtain the wavenumbers of the vibrational modes of the substance in the anionic form. Considering the relative enhancements of the Raman bands, on the basis of the description of normal modes given by the potential energy distribution it can be concluded that it interacts with silver sol essentially via the lone pairs of the nitrogen atoms, of both the pyridine and triazole rings, the ring π-system playing a minor role, with a tilted orientation of the molecular plane with respect to the silver surface. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Canterbury earthquake, which struck New Zealand on February 22nd, 2011 took 186 lives. Of this number, 28 were Japanese overseas students. Looking simply at the number of casualties, this may appear to have been a minor earthquake which seems incomparable with respect to other major earthquakes. However, this was one of the most violent and costly earthquakes recorded in recent years. This was also major one in a regional context. The situation was grave: this earthquake caused the collapse of the Christchurch Cathedral, a symbolic landmark of the region, and dealt a blow to local economic activities due to devastating damage throughout the city's central area. There were also ongoing aftershocks and damage to residences due to liquefaction. Now (as of August 2013), over two years after the earthquake, citizens are still troubled with uncertainty about the future, and the whole region has become exhausted. The earthquake has brought about damage to people that cannot be measured from the number of casualties alone. This paper will discuss two aspects of disaster recovery in the earthquake-struck area in Christchurch, New Zealand that have set it apart from disaster areas in other countries: firstly the issue of national insurance, and secondly, the absence of temporary housing. According to data provided by reinsurance companies, the amount of loss compensation paid out after the Canterbury Earthquake surpasses the amount after other earthquakes worldwide—even those that caused tens of thousands of fatalities. This is due to the extremely high coverage ratio of the natural disaster insurance, which is over 90%. On the other hand, it became apparent that the time taken up by insurance-related negotiations and procedures was in fact delaying housing reconstruction. Furthermore, there is almost no temporary housing of the This article is the English translation of the original one "Otani, J., (2014). Kantaberi jishin no jirei ni miru nyujirando no jihinhoken to hisaichijutaku no genjobunseki (「カンタベリー地震の事例にみるニュージーランドの 地震保険と被災地住宅の現状分析」: Earthquake insurance and post-disaster housing in the case of Canterbury Earthquakes in New Zealand)., Nihon Saigai Fukko Gakkai Ronbunshu (日本災害復興学会論文集: Journal of Disaster Recovery and Revitalization), No. 6, pp. 9–21. (in Japanese)". The publication of its English translation has been permitted by the Japan Society for Disaster Recovery and Revitalization. The author is indebt to Dr Michael Annear for his insightful comments and constructive suggestions on English version. *Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, & Regional Director, East Asia Center for Academic Initiatives (Shanghai Office), Osaka University, Japan EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE AND POST-DISASTER HOUSING IN THE CASE OF CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKES IN NEW ZEALAND


Key Points Question What are the long-term outcomes among men who have prostate cancer (PC) that is managed with active surveillance? Findings In this cohort study of 23 655 men in Sweden, those who were diagnosed with intermediate-risk PC at younger than 60 years had a high risk of PC death and little benefit in terms of time without active PC treatment. In contrast, men older than 65 years with low-risk PC had a lower risk of PC death and longer time without active PC treatment. Meaning These findings suggest that active surveillance may be a safe disease management strategy among men older than 65 years with low-risk PC.


Purpose

The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model of knowledge sharing and how knowledge sharing is linked to business performance. The study proposes basic dimensions of knowledge sharing which seem to be poorly defined in the past literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The studies were explored from journals which are indexed (Scopus, Thomson Reuters and ProQuest) and specialized in knowledge sharing and business performance. Majority of the papers were available in electronic format, so that papers could be easily explored using the key terms. Various search engines were used to explore the studies such as Google scholar, Emerald insight and ProQuest. Published theses, conference proceedings, working paper series and work in progress were excluded from the search. The review process included the studies from 1987 to 2017. During the review process, papers were explored on the basis of key word search, namely, "Knowledge sharing", "Business performance" and "Industry type" to reduce interpretation bias.

Findings

Knowledge sharing is the significant predictor of business performance and industry type moderates the relationship between knowledge sharing and business performance. The relationship between knowledge sharing and business performance is important in both manufacturing and service organizations. Knowledge sharing dimensions proposed are elementary in nature and require further refinement and development.

Research limitations/implications

The study was approached from a theoretical perspective and the model proposed can be empirically validated by identifying statements for each dimension. Future research should explore the following: As to what extent these dimensions reflect knowledge sharing? Are dimensions chosen carefully? Or do they emerge as a result of previous studies?

Practical implications

The model can be very helpful for managers and practitioners who want to study how knowledge sharing enhances business performance. Managers will be able to understand how industry-specific differences affect business performance through knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

Proposed conceptual model advances the theoretical base of knowledge sharing by suggesting dimensions based on comprehensive review of the literature. The study contributes to knowledge management and business performance literature.


Do analysis in boom motion mechanism of hydraulic platform fire truck,and get the mechanical model.Have research for the impact factor of the design variables on objective by ADAMS / Insight.Set the fuel tank force as the objective,do optimization on the design variables which have greater impact,then get the optimization results which could provide reference for the design of boom motion mechanism on construction machinery.


The paper introduces some problems in the large concrete construction of super-high-rise buildings from the construction management and technology,points out some respective quality control measures,and points out the main effort and aims will be located at the improvement of the quality control and management of large concrete construction in super-high-rise buildings.


Flower flavonoids of interspecific hybrids between Rosa rugosa Thunb. ex Murray (section Rosa) and Rosa species under sect. Synstylae and sect. Pimpinellifoliae were analyzed to study the mode of flavonoid transmission from parental species to progenies.1. The major flavonoids in R. rugosa petals were kaempferol (K) and/or quercetin (Q) 3-sophorosides. These flavonols were present in the petals of all intersectional hybrids with sect. Synstylae and sect. Pimpinellifoliae.2. Large amounts of K and Q 3-glucosides were present in the Rosa species under sect. Synstylae as well as in all intersectional hybrids with sect. Rosa.3. Unique flavonols, K and Q 4'-glucosides were distributed in the Rosa species under sect. Pimpinellifoliae and were the major flavonols in the intersectional hybrids with sect. Rosa.The mode of transmission of characteristic flavonoids from parental species to progenies in the three Rosa sections was established by this study. Although the parentage may be unknown, seedlings possessing K and Q 3-sophorosides in their petals can be considered to be hybrids of R. rugosa. Using flavonoid analysis to identify the parentage of R. rugosa hybrids is herein proposed.


away from many of the complexities found in the field. As such, the comparison between the strangers and the reputation market will show that features common to all electronic 4 How effective reputation mechanisms are in circumstances where there is endogenous price formation, two-way rating (both buyer and seller moral hazard issues), and self-reporting of the transaction will not be addressed here. The experimental paradigm we describe can be modified to address these issues. Also see the summary section. 5 In addition, in the reputation market we control for the noise in feedback production (always truthfully provided in our experiment), we control the distribution of individual valuations and knowledge of these valuations in all markets, and we focus on the effect of reputation on the probability of trade keeping the price fixed across markets. While many of these factors, and there influence, are important field phenomena, interesting in their own right, and deserving of broader investigation, experiments allow us to separate the effect of each factor, and in a systematic way. Doing so in the field can be difficult; see, for example, Dellarocas (2001) on the difficulty of accounting for the online reputation mechanisms create to manipulate feedbacks and to secretly switch identities.


This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Faculty/Staff Scholarship & Research at Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Faculty Presentations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Allen, M., Iannuzzi, P. A. (2008, June). The Role of assessment in furthering student engagement, inclusion, and achievement. Presentation at AAC&U Greater Expectation Institute, Snowbird, UT.


This paper examines a simple measure of stock resiliency based on the intraday return serial correlations. We argue that stock resiliency is an important aspect of liquidity and that a stock that lacks resiliency should be associated with higher expected returns. We find that long-short portfolios based on resiliency generate a monthly return differential of 37 basis points for the equal weight portfolios and 69 basis points for the value weighted portfolios. The effect of resiliency on future return is robust and cannot be explained by an extensive list of control variables. We further show that the pricing effect of resiliency is particularly important during periods of greater stock specific or market wide uncertainty, and periods during which resiliency is in high demand. JEL classification: G02, G10, G11, G12, G14


The invention relates to a synergism additive of fertilization, which can solve the pollution of the harmful components of compound fertilization on crops effectively and improve the operating factor of fertilization in addition to increasing output. The technical proposal is as follows: the synergism additive is made from the material with the following weight portions of 1 to 1.5 portions of sodium natrophenolate, 1 to 1.5 portions of a-sodium naphthalene acetate, 3 to 5 portions of chlormequat, 3 to 5 portions of boric acid and 6 to 8 portions of humic acid. At first, the a-sodium naphthalene acetate and the humic acid arecrushed respectively and then are mixed with the boric acid and the chlormequat evenly. Mixture is mixed with the sodium natrophenolate evenly and is packed finally. The invention has scientific prescription, simple preparation method, convenient use, prominent effect, no side effect and obvious synergy effect for fertilizer, in particular to chemical fertilizer. The invention can improve the microelement structure of soil and reduce the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer in addition to reducing pollution, promoting the growth of crops and increasing output. The invention has great economical and social benefit.


The optimized conditions render possible the preparation of a broad spectrum of title compounds as building blocks for different substance classes.


Abstract Fifty non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects, 25 males and 25 females, free from serious complications were selected from posh areas of Ludhiana city. Diabetic and dietary information was collected using a questionnaire. Diabetic information of the subjects related to etiology of disease, family history and prevalence of symptoms was collected. Dietary information of the subjects was collected to know about their food habits and frequency of consumption of different food groups. Activity pattern of the subjects was recorded from their daily routine, and their involvement in other activities like time spent in recreational activities. Type of job, working hours, duration of sleep and any kind of physical exercise was recorded. Various anthropometric parameters viz. height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), were recorded. The most common reason for diabetes among the selected subjects was obesity which lead 22% subjects to be diabetic. Family history of diabetes was found in 38% subjects. The most common symptoms were polyuria (56%), polydypsia (48%), nocturia (44%), delayed healing (44%), polyphagia (40%) and loss of weight (38%). Twenty-eight percent of the males had normal weight and 56% and 16% males were in 1st and 2nd grades of obesity respectively. Sixty-eight percent and 24% of the female subjects were in 1st and 2nd grades of obesity respectively. As reported by the subjects, majority of them (78%) were not doing any kind of physical exercise. In all 76% of the subjects had disturbed sleep of 5-6 hours. It was found that the majority of the subjects 54% were ova/non-vegetarians. Ninety-four percent subjects liked sweet and salty foods. All the subjects took wheat flour thrice a day. Pulses were consumed by 90% subjects once a day. Forty-eight percent subjects used GLV's twice a week, 84% of the subjects consumed roots and tubers at least once a day. Fifty-two percent of the subjects consumed fruits once daily. All the subjects consumed milk. About 50% of the subjects consumed fried foods daily.


A 2 mu m rule DMOS/CMOS compatible IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) with high reverse blocking capability has been developed for multipoint differential line drivers. Remarkable improvement of the reverse blocking capability and large latch-up current are achieved due to the formation of the wide N-base, the heavily doped N-buffer, and the P-well around the P-base. The effect of the conductivity modulation, arising from the injected holes, is compared with the DMOSFET in series with a P- nu -N diode.<<ETX>>


We report spectroscopic observations of a new post-AGB star with WR spectrum not identified yet. This star was found during a southern spectroscopy survey of post-AGB candidates selected from Garcia-Lario et al. ([CITE]). This star, GLMP 160, shows the main characteristics of a [WC] spectrum with strong C iii 4647, C iv 5808 and He ii 4686. In addition the spectrum presents a strong [O  iii]5007 A line. From the line ratio using the carbon lines and the measurements of ${\it FWHM}$ we proposed that GLMP 160 has spectral characteristics of a [WC6-7] subtype. Here we present some of the main spectroscopic features and discuss the evolutionary status. We also present line intensities and equivalent widths of the identified lines.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a bionic controllable-adhesiveness hydrophobic gold surface. The method comprises the following steps: using a biological material in the natural world as a template, and preparing the controllable-adhesiveness hydrophobic gold surface with the same surface micro texture of the biological prototype by using the soft seal technology and surface chemical modification method. The surface micro texture is a typical micro/nano dualistic structure. The micro/nano dualistic structure gold surface with front and back patterns of lotus leaves and rice leaves is obtained. The gold surfaces with different bionic micro/nano textures have different adhesiveness for water drops, and can be used for design of engineering, biorobots and the like. The gold surface with front pattern micro texture has rolling property and hydrophobicity, and the gold surface with back pattern has adhesiveness and hydrophobicity; and the gold surface can be used as a manipulator to realize nondestructive transportation of micro drops, liquid-carried materials, biological micro solution pipettes and the like.


Composition comprising a fibrinogen binding moiety that does not exist in nature, and for example, to detect or separate the fibrinogen molecules in solution, for blood circulation imaging, and therapeutic or other molecule for binding to fibrinogen It describes a method of use thereof. Particularly it discloses preferred binding peptides with high affinity for fibrinogen.


ised. In exchange, however, Gil is probably able to bring the interesting and significant case of contemporary Chilean politics to a wider audience among students of political science than might otherwise have been possible. Current-events-minded readers will be especially interested in what Gil has to say about the Christian Democrats, the Chilean Center's left-wing party which swept Eduardo Frei into the presidency in 1964 following the first election in this century in which a single party or its candidate won an absolute majority of the votes in Chile's multi-party system. Eschewing many of the excited and sensational things journalists have said about the Christian Democrats saving Chile from Communism, Gil soberly traces the Falangist and clerical origins of the Christian Democratic movement, culminating in the program of "revolution with freedom" which the party carried to victory in 1964 and in the congressional election of the following year. So far as the Chilean political scene is concerned, one is tempted to compare The Political System of Chile with the seminal pre-Christian Democratic book published in English. That was John Reese Stevenson's The Chilean Popular Front, which was brought out by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 1942. Stevenson's work, fraught with the hectic journalistic excitement of the struggle against the Axis, seems curiously antiquated when read today. Gil's more sober and balanced treatment of the day carried by the Christian Democrats will, no doubt, do a better job of withstanding the test of time. Yet, even when this is said, a curious paradox remains. It is that much in the political behavior, especially the voting behavior, of the people of Chile remains unexplained. Why did the voters of Chile rally, as they did, to Alessandri in 1920, to Aguirre Cerda in 1938, and to Frei in 1964? One of the more inconsistent characteristics of many students of political science is that while they are often prepared to admit that political behavior in the United States might be complex and self-contradictory, they are somehow reluctant to recognize similar complexity and apparent inconsistency in the politics of other countries. Journalists have said many things about Chilean politics which remain untested by political scientists. One such proposition is that woman suffrage, still a relatively new phenomenon in Chile, has played a critical role in the Christian Democratic near-miracle. Another is that the Christian Democrats gave the voters of Chile what many of them had long needed— a formula for supporting social, economic, and political changes, such as land reform, without becoming involved in the Marxism of the parties of the orthodox Chilean Left. Gil has not attempted to test significant hypotheses such as these. Thus, the breakthroughs of The Political System of Chile are limited and it is not an earth-shaking work. But it is a sober and solid book on an important subject, and should be read not only by Latin Americanists but also by students with more general interests in the political process.


Objective:Four novel bis-p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-semidiamines Schiff bases were synthesized and screened for antibacterial activity. Methods:Four Schiff bases were prepared from p-dimethy laminobenzaldehyde and diamines by condensation reaction. Results:All the compounds were identified by elementary analysis、 IR and H 1NMR. Pharmacological tests showed that all of them had antibacterial activities. Conclusion:Acetic acid is an important catalyst in the condensation reaction. Schiff bases had antibacterial activity.


The paper proposes a restoration method for speckled images generated by coherent imaging systems (e.g., synthetic aperture radar synthetic aperture sonar, ultrasound imaging, and laser imaging). These systems are invariably affected by speckle noise and therefore restoration/filtering of the mean backscattered signal (backscattering coefficient) is often necessary. The approach is Bayesian: the observed image is assumed to be a realization of a random field built upon the physical mechanism of image generation; the backscattering coefficient image is modelled by a compound Gauss-Markov random field which enforces smoothness on homogeneous regions while preserving discontinuities between neighboring regions. The maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) criterion is adopted. An expectation maximization type iterative scheme embedded in a continuation algorithm is used to compute the MAP solution. Application examples performed on radar real and synthetic data are presented.


Web page recommendation is a process to recommend appropriate web pages to the user according to the user interest.When user is on a webpage they should get a proper recommendation so that they gain relevant results. Appropriate knowledge discovery from Web usage data and correct representation of that knowledge for successful Web -page recommendation is important. The paper presents a technique to give better recommendations through semantic enhancement by combining the domain and Web usage data of a website. Here, domain ontologies are used to provide conceptual understanding of a particu lar domain and an incremental mining method,e.g. PLWAP for Update (PL4UP), can be utilized to update web access patterns which are frequent called as (FWAP),which are discovered from the Web usage data. Two important modules are presented.The First is Web Usage Mining which uses the user access sequences which comes from the web logs and gives the most frequent sequences. The second model utilizes ontology to represent the domain knowledge. Also the conceptual prediction model, called as Termnavnet is a navigation network of domain terms and frequent web access patterns is used for supporting Webpage prediction.


This study concerned the identification of an optimal moderator within a test battery for enhancing prediction of first semester engineering grades for 522 college freshmen. Moderated multiple regression disclosed high school rank (HSR) as the best moderator of SAT-M, the best predictor, in both a validation and hold-out group. SAT-M overall validity of .39 was increased to .53 and an overall R of .47 was raised to .61 when only those highest in HSR were considered.


A method of producing moulded articles from glass carbon or CFC employs a casing of a material having a high hydrogen diffusion coefficient eg titanium. At pressures of 10 to 5000 bars and temperatures of between 600 and 1000 DEG C, the production time for such moulded articles can be considerably shortened.


This paper examines the studies made by the American geographer Robert B. Hall (1896-1975) on Japanese urban settlements during the interwar period. At that time, the academic study of urban settlements was only beginning and different study methods were being tested. The analysis of Hall's writings on Japanese cities has shown that his understanding of settlements as an integral part of the landscape led him to translate the methods of Regional Geography to study cities. This translation shaped his research around five main subjects: (1) distribution, (2) classification, (3) development, (4) functional analysis, and (5) structuring elements.


The aim of study is to evaluate the levels of endothelium-dependent mediators: endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and circulating soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study included 255 patients with AMI, who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of concomitant type 2 DM: 1 group — 143 patients with concomitant type 2 DM; 2 group — 112 patients without concomitant disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. Studied endothelial-dependent indicators were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical data were processed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, quantitative variables were described by the following parameters: median (Me), 25th and 75th percentiles (Q1; Q3). Analyzing the studied indicators on admission of patients to the hospital, a statistically significant decrease in NOS levels (p < 0,01), as well as an increase in PAI-1 (p < 0,01) and sCD40L (p < 0,01) in the cohort of patients with AMI and concomitant type 2 DM compared with patients without disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. This indicates a more significant violation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, thrombin fibrinolysis and activation of intravascular inflammation caused by comorbidity. Over the next 10 days, an increase in NOS levels, a decrease in PAI-1 and sCD40L levels were observed in patients of both groups, indicating a gradual improvement of the endothelial function. However, in patients with AMI and concomitant type 2 DM, the levels of the studied endothelium-dependent mediators continued to differ statistically even on the 10th day after acute occlusion of the coronary artery. In our opinion, this tendency is caused by the negative impact of metabolicdisorders associated with type 2 DM on the endothelium of the coronary arteries in patients with insulin resistance and, apparently, may increase the risk of complications of AMI.


Spaces of entire functions of several complex variables occupy an important position in view of their vast applications in various branches of mathematics, for instance, the classical analysis, theory of approximation, theory of
topological bases etc. With an idea of correlating entire functions with certain aspects in the theory of basis in locally convex spaces, we have investigated in this paper the bornological aspects of the space $X$ of integral functions of several complex variables. By $Y$ we denote the space of all power series with positive radius of convergence at the origin. We introduce bornologies on $X$
and $Y$ and prove that $Y$ is a convex bornological vector space which is the completion of the convex bornological vector space $X$.


The dispersive relationships of light wave in dissipative chiral medium are investigated by use of Maxwell's classical electromagnetic theory combining with the constitutive relation of the chiral medium. The results show that the dispersive relationships are closely related with electro-conductivity,chiral factor, etc.


Curves are presented which permit an approximate but rapid error analysis of Loran equipment either when working alone or when aided by an Inertial Reference or an Attitude/Heading Reference. These curves also permit identification of the desirable values of the major parameters of Loran and Inertial equipment when they are working together.


Leakage of groundwater will influence strata normal temperature distribution and generate the abnormality on temperature curve. The piping leakage passage can be regarded as a continuous line heat resource. Through studying the influence of piping water on strata temperature, a continuous line-heat-resource model is proposed by using the heat resource theory. Verified by an example, the model can be used to get the leakage velocity of piping passage and estimate the permeability of strata.


Introduction Klein conceived of a geometry as being the study for a given class of figures in a space of those properties which are left invariant by some transitive group of transformations. In modern dress, the space is a homogeneous space G/H with G a Lie group, H a closed subgroup, and with the group of transformations being the left action of G. The figures to be considered here are smooth curves [a, b] x_ G/H; the same methods work verbatim for holomorphic curves A x_L, G/H when G and H are complex Lie groups. We hope to consider the case of higher-dimensional domains in a later paper. The natural objects of study in this context were known classically as differential invariants, local expressions in X and its derivatives invariant under the action of G*. The order ofa differential invariant is the order of the highest derivative that occurs in the local expression for it. These generalize velocity, curvature, and torsion for curves in Euclidean IRa, which are differential invariants of orders 1, 2, and 3 respectively. E. Cartan, inspired by the methods used by Darboux in the differential geometry of surfaces, developed a beautiful approach to studying these invariants, the method of moving frames. Cartan's


G RIMSEY is a small rocky island, lying some 30 miles from the north coast of Iceland, in latitude 66? 33' N. and longitude I8? o' W. Most Icelanders know of it merely as an island where enormous numbers of sea birds breed, and it is these which have attracted nearly all its visitors. In I820 Freidrich Faber, a German ornithologist, visited the island,' and he was followed the year after by F. L. A. Thienemann.2 In I826 a British fishing vessel was wrecked off the east coast of Greenland, and the crew reached Grimsey in the ship's boats, and continued to Akureyri on the north coast of Iceland, after a stay of a few days on the island. James Cumming, the ship's doctor, has left a short account of the houses of Grimsey in his 'Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Jean of Peterhead.' In 1884 Professor Th. Thoroddsen, the Icelander, visited Grimsey, and though he was only there for six hours his paper forms the most complete description of the island yet published.3 Since then it has been visited by at least five ornithological expeditions, the most recent of which was the Cambridge expedition to East Greenland, which spent four days on the island in July 1933.4 The main object of the present expedition, which consisted of four members, was to study the fauna and flora of the island, and to compare them with those of the mainland of Iceland. A map of the island on a scale of i : 20,000 was also constructed. There were two previous maps. One, published with Thoroddsen's paper, was taken from a Board of Survey sheet with additions put in by eye. The other is that published by the Danish Geodetic Institute in 1933, on a scale of i : oo00,000, and is thus too small to show the detail here required. The Iceland Steamship Company's boats, which leave Hull every fortnight, call at Siglufj6rbur, a small town on the north coast of Iceland, after a stop of four days at Reykjavik en route. We arrived at Siglufj6rbur on June 2I, having travelled from England in the S.S. Godafoss. Here we were delayed for a day by the weather, as it is not possible to land on Grimsey when the wind is between south and west. The next day we chartered a small fishing boat which took us the 40 miles out to the island in just under seven hours. We took with us sufficient food for our stay on the island, as we had been advised not to rely on the islanders for our supplies. We wish to express our very sincere thanks to Professor Debenham for his invaluable advice and assistance; also to Brian Roberts, who visited the island last year, and greatly assisted in the organization of the present expedition. Our gratitude is also due to Matthias Eggertsson, the pastor of Grimsey, for the trouble he took to help us in every way during our stay on the island. To the Committee of the Gino Watkins' Memorial Fund we are also grateful for the grant awarded to us, and to Caius College, Cambridge, for further financial assistance.


The application of the high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of diazepam and nitrazepam in serum is described. This method is highly sensitive, and specific, and rapid. Calibration curves are linear in the concentration range 1-1000 ng/ml.


IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PURPOSE OF THE SPANISH PATENT APPLICATION NUMBER P9301496 "procedure THE ELIMINATION BIOLOGICAL nitrates and / or nitrites USING Klebsiella OXYTOCACLON 15-A". THE PERFECTION ARE IN USE OF A NEW STRAIN CVAKLEBSIELLA oxytoca (CVAK. Oxytoca CLAN AH1) ABLE TO USE both nitrates and nitrites as SOURCE OF NITROGEN IN A METHOD FOR ELIMINATION BIOLOGICAL nitrates and / or nitrites CONTAINED industrial effluents, CONTAMINATED WATER AND SOIL such compounds, which comprises inoculating said effluents, water and soil contaminated with a culture of said strain. THE CVAK CEPA. CLONE oxytoca AH1 is able to use NITRATOS in a concentration of up to 225 MM IN SEALED AND UP TO 400 MM Monolithic, aerobically. THE PROCEDURE IS MADE AS TO THE ELIMINATION OF nitrates and / or nitrites AFLUENTES CONTAINED ON INDUSTRIAL WATER AND CONTAMINATED SOIL.


The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of research works on public policy in Indonesia during the last ten years (2011-2021) by foreign and Indonesian authors. This study utilized Scopus database and retrieved 128 scientific publications from international authors focusing on public policy in Indonesia. The publications are examined based on several indicators including: publication trends, contribution of countries, journals, institutions, authors, top cited articles, and keyword analysis. The results show that during the last decade, there has been significant growth in the number of publications, with Indonesia as the country with the most published research works. Meanwhile, the influential institution affiliations publishing works about public policy in Indonesia are University of New South Wales, Australia and Vanderbilt University from the United States. Besides that, the top influential journal publishers are Development in Practices (UK) and Forest Policy and Economics (Netherlands). Based on the number of publications, Indonesian authors hold the top position, meanwhile, foreign authors were identified as the writers with the largest number of article citations. The most-cited article in public policy research in Indonesia focuses on education policy and published in International Journal of Educational Development. However, four of the top ten articles with the most citations are published in Forest Policy and Economics.


Thesis of Doctor's Degree Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Evaluation of antioxidant activity of different classes of compounds against low density lipoprotein oxidation AUTHOR: Rafael de Lima Portella ADVISOR: Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares DATE AND PLACE OF THE DEFENSE: Santa Maria, October 2011. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism often lead to pathologic lipid accumulation in the vessel wall, oxidative and chronic inflammatory sequelae and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, ultimately leading to clinical events. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification in the vascular wall seems to be a key factor in atherosclerosis development. Following the oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis the role of antioxidants has been investigated in a large number of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant activity of three compounds of different classes in preventing the low density lipoprotein oxidation. In the guaraná study, we showed that subjects who habitually ingested guaraná (GI) demonstrated lower conjugated dienes production than did subjects who never ingested guaraná (NG; reduction of 27%, p < 0,0014), independent of other variables. However, in the GI group the conjugated dienes production was positively associated with glucose levels. The GI group also showed a total cholesterol level significantly lower than NG group. Also, guaraná demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in vitro, mainly at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg/mL, demonstrated by suppression of CDs and TBARS productions, tryptophan destruction and high TRAP activity. Guaraná, similar to other foods rich in caffeine and catechins such as green tea, has some effect on LDL oxidation that could partially explain the protective effects of this food in cardiometabolic diseases. In the thiosemicarbazone study, salicylaldehyde-4phenylthiosemicarbazone (SPTS) may have antioxidant activity against Cuand 2,2′Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LDL and serum oxidation. Additionally, SPTS was effective at preventing tryptophan destruction. SPTS also showed significant total radical-trapping antioxidant activity and could prevent thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation induced by sodium nitroprusside in different rat tissues and by Cu in human LDL and serum. These results indicate that the antioxidant effect of SPTS is caused by a combination of transition metal chelation and free-radicalscavenging activity. In the organotellurium study, the 2-phenyl-2-tellurophenyl vinylphosphonate (DPTVP) may have antioxidant activity against Cuand 2,2′-azobis(2methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LDL and serum oxidation. Additionally, DPTVP was effective at preventing tryptophan oxidation. DPTVP also showed significant total radical-trapping antioxidant activity and could prevent thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation induced by Cu in human LDL and serum. Additionally, DPTVP exhibited no toxicity in rat aorta slices. The results presented here indicate that the antioxidant effect of DPTVP is caused by a combination of free-radicalscavenging activity and possible blockade of the copper binding sites of LDL. Considering these preliminary results, we can conclude that the three compounds presented a potential antioxidant activity and could prevent the oxidative modifications of LDL. These data encourage us to evaluate these compounds in in vivo studies and investigate additional properties in preventing the atherogenic process.


A dc -ripple reinjection scheme is described that doubles the number of pulses of the forcecommutated current source converter. The reinjection circuit includes a feedback converter in series with the dc output which provides automatic adjustment of the reinjected current as the dc side current changes. The reinjection concept is also generalised to produce pulse multiplication.