Last decade saw the formation and establishment of wine roads as part of tourist offer in rural Istria, which corresponded with the process of significant improvement in the production of quality wines. A phenomenologically absolutely new approach was developed towards the culture of enjoying wines. All over the Istrian peninsula, along its wine roads, appeared about eighty, either new or restored wine cellars, which host numerous tourists who visit them every day, tasting and buying mostly Istrian specialties like malvazija, muskat, teran, refosk or borgonja, but also pinot, merlot, cabernet sauvignon etc. The abundance of tourist offer in the form of wine roads is shown in the existence of six organized wine roads in the areas of Buje, Porec, Buzet, Rovinj, Vodnjan, and Pazin. Olive oil roads were modelled on the successful wine roads project. Their roots could be found in the Roman times which left written records of the production of famed olive oil. Since the Mediterranean and continental climates collide in Istria, it is the nothernmost part of Mediterranean where olives still thrive. The yields are lower than elsewhere but the oils they produce are of incomparable quality. Due to the ideal geographic position and all other factors that, together with olive processing and production of oil, influence its quality, Istria is gradually but safely turning into a top "olive destination". This aim will undoubtedly be helped by the existence of six organized olive oil roads in the areas of Buje, Porec, Buzet, Pazin, Rovinj, and Vodnjan, where we can find about thirty producers of quality olive oil. The main objectives of all olive itineraries include the promotion of olives, olive oil, and other products made with olives and their tourist presentation consisting of reevaluation and development of and care for olive production in Istria. Ecological honey, i.e. honey produced in an ecological manner is the latest of novelties among the agricultural products on offer in rural Istria. Ecological honey is produced in beehives under constant surveillance of a supervisory station. In its production it is forbidden to administer any drugs for purposes of prevention, the hive has to be made of natural materials and painted with ecological colours, the apiary has to be far enough from potential pollutants (factories, roads, arable land) so that the bees could produce honey of the highest possible quality. This creates an enormous additional expense which is then reflected in the honey's final price as well, but the consumers are positive that by buying such honey they get a natural product of high quality. So far only a few ecological honey producers have been recorded in Istria.


Abstract Hedonic regressions are widely used and recommended for property price index (PPI) measurement. Hedonic PPIs control for changes in the quality-mix of properties transacted that can confound measures of change in average property prices. The widespread adoption of the hedonic approach is primarily due to the increasing availability, in this digital age, of electronic data on advertised and transaction prices of properties and their price-determining characteristics. Yet hedonic PPIs are only as good as the underlying estimated hedonic regressions. Regression-based measures are unusual in official economic statistics. There is little technical support in the international Handbooks and Guides for diagnostic measures and graphical plots for estimated regression equations as applied to PPIs. These diagnostics are essential to the transparency and credibility of hedonic PPI measurement. This article seeks to remedy this.


This paper introduces the rough set theory and ROSETTA software characteristics, gives a diesel engine fault diagnosis system based on rough set theory and the vibration signal of cylinder head. Taking a certain type large power diesel engine as an example, the first to be extracted from the cylinder head vibration signal wavelet packet de-noising and time-frequency domain analysis, constructed eigenvalue for fault diagnosis, then use ROSETTA software reduction feature attributes, finally completed fault pattern classification through the neural network. By comparing the output results of the neural network before and after processing by the ROSETTA software, show that rough set theory can optimize the feature attributes, effectively reduce the input of the neural network nodes, and improve the fault classification accuracy.


Two fluid life tests have been conducted to evaluate propylene glycol-based fluids for use in Constellation habitats and vehicles. The first test was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 to help determine the compatibility of the propylene glycol-based fluid selected for Orion at the time. When the first test uncovered problems with the fluid selection, an investigation and selection of a new fluid were conducted. A second test was started in March 2010 to evaluate the new selection. For the first test, the fluid was subjected to a thermal fluid loop that had flight-like properties, as compared to Orion. The fluid loop had similar wetted materials, temperatures, flow rates, and aluminum wetted surface area to fluid volume ratio. The test was designed to last for 10 years, the life expectancy of the lunar habitat. However, the test lasted less than two months. System filters became clogged with precipitate, rendering the fluid system inoperable. Upon examination of the precipitate, it was determined that the precipitate composition contained aluminum, which could have only come from materials in the test stand, as aluminum is not part of the original fluid composition. Also, the fluid pH was determined to have increased from 10.1, at the first test sample, to 12.2, at the completion of the test. This high of a pH is corrosive to aluminum and was certainly a contributing factor to the development of precipitate. Due to the problems encountered during this test, the fluid was rejected as a coolant candidate for Orion. A new propylene glycol-based fluid was selected by the Orion project for use in the Orion vehicle. The Orion project has conducted a series of screening tests to help verify that there will be no problems with the new fluid selection. To compliment testing performed by the Orion project team, a new life test was developed to test the new fluid. The new test bed was similar to the original test bed, but with some improvements based on experience gained from the earlier test bed. The surface area of both aluminum and nickel in the test bed were designed to be similar to that of the Orion fluid loop, since the Orion fluid loop was expected to have high concentrations of both metals in the system. Also, additional sample materials were added to the test bed to match recent updates to materials selections for Orion. At the time of this paper publication, approximately five months of testing will have been completed. This paper gives a status of the testing completed to date.


The genus Xanthoparmelia is the largest genus of lichen- forming fungi with about 800 species worldwide. Xanthoparmelia is also common in the deserts of central Mexico, but only a few molecular studies exist on its species' diversity in this region. In this study, we sampled 38 Xanthoparmelia species from around the world including species from the xerophytic scrubs of central Mexico to assess the diversity using an integrative approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using a combination of the ITS, mtSSU and nuLSU genetic markers. We evaluated our phylogenetic results in a context of traditional morphological and chemical characters. The combined evidence of molecular, morphological, and chemical data identified a total of 18 Xanthoparmelia species-level lineages occurring in central Mexico. However, numerous traditionally circumscribed species did not form monophyletic groups in the molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. This conflict indicates that taxonomy and species delimitation in the genus Xanthoparmelia requires revision and emphasizes the importance of molecular evidence for more robust species delimitations in this genus.


The reductionist approach has successfully identified most of the components and many of the interactions but, unfortunately, offers no convincing concepts or methods to understand how system properties emerge...the pluralism of causes and effects in biological networks is better addressed by observing, through quantitative measures, multiple components simultaneously and by rigorous data integration with mathematical models Sauer et al. (2007).


In exploratory search tasks, alongside information retrieval, information representation is an important factor in sensemaking. In this paper, we explore a multi-layer extension to knowledge graphs, hierarchical knowledge graphs (HKGs), that combines hierarchical and network visualizations into a unified data representation asa tool to support exploratory search. We describe our algorithm to construct these visualizations, analyze interaction logs to quantitatively demonstrate performance parity with networks and performance advantages over hierarchies, and synthesize data from interaction logs, interviews, and thinkalouds on a testbed data set to demonstrate the utility of the unified hierarchy+network structure in our HKGs. Alongside the above study, we perform an additional mixed methods analysis of the effect of precision and recall on the performance of hierarchical knowledge graphs for two different exploratory search tasks. While the quantitative data shows a limited effect of precision and recall on user performance and user effort, qualitative data combined with post-hoc statistical analysis provides evidence that the type of exploratory search task (e.g., learning versus investigating) can be impacted by precision and recall. Furthermore, our qualitative analyses find that users are unable to perceive differences in the quality of extracted information. We discuss the implications of our results and analyze other factors that more significantly impact exploratory search performance in our experimental tasks.


In order to meet the needs of the market,basing on the present spinning technique,the method of spinning cashmere worsted yarn with high count in 10 tex has been studied in the raw materials selection(by using high-quality cashmere fiber from Inner Mongolia),machine equipped(by using the combination of cotton and wool spinning equipments) as well as the technical designing.To avoid the fiber tendering during the spinning,adopting the operation technique of low speed,low draft and small gauge,to re-bulid the flat of the carding machine into one by one cover way,meanwhile adding oil water two times and then keep the fiber for 48 hours to increase the cohesion as well as the spinality in the yarn spinning,which make the final products in top grade and quite different.


The structure investigated is a basin roughly bounded by the Abbeville Dome on the west, the Erath Dome on the southeast and the Grosse Isle Dome on the northeast and whose center is located at approximately Section 31 T14S R4E. The geopressured sands investigated are below approximately 12,800 feet (3901 M) in the center of the basin and consist of two groups of rather thin, discontinuous, marly sands. These two groups, rather arbitrarily defined, are termed the upper and lower geopressured sands and the following map types and analyses have been derived from subsurface data of each: structure, temperature, pressure, salinity and net sand maps; and porosity, permeability and methane content analyses.


Objective:To increase the level of knowledge among citizens of the country about the main risk factors (RF) for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to increase compliance with non-drug and drug treatment.Design and method:Carrying out joint actions among the population jointly o


Abstract The effects of practice and the passage of time on individual differences (true-score variance) and intra-individual variation were investigated. One hundred and twenty male university students were tested on a Koerth type pursuit rotor. One group was tested on six days spaced over a three-week period. Another group performed the same motor task two days only—test and retest being separated by an interval of three weeks. Each day of practice was the same for both groups—sixty 15-second trials separated by a 10-second intertrial rest. It was concluded that true-score variance as well as intra-individual variance tend to parallel the initial increases in performance and then stabilize in later practice. Since the true-score variance increased greatly as compared with intra-individual variance in early performance, the correlation between adjacent trials increased. The effect of the lay-off was to increase both individual differences and intra-individual variance to a substantial and statistically s...


Plauche, J. B. Statement of forces of the Louisiana Battalion commanded by Major J. B. Plauche. December 20, 1814. [pages 2-3]


The current seismicity and stress distribution of the Ganos Fault, which was ruptured by two major earthquakes in 1912, show significant differences along the fault. While the land and Saros part of the fault exhibit an asismic (non-earthquake producing) behavior, the part in the Marmara Sea has a very intense earthquake activity. It is clear that the differences in the geometric and physical properties of the fault and the changing stress conditions along the fault can create such behavioral differences. MONGAN seismic observation array consists of a total of 40 stations on the land of the Ganos Fault and has collected data for about 3 years. It is expected that the obtained data will contribute both to the physical properties of the fault and to the seismicity that occurs. In the first part of the study, which consists of two contiguous articles, which are the continuation of each other, the distribution of the seismic array and the data quality are emphasized. The second part consists mostly of primary data analysis and seismological evaluations (Yalçınkaya et al. 2022). In the study where two different types of sensors and recorders were used, it was determined that 4,5 Hz Geophone sensor and CUBE recorder provided much higher data collection efficiency than 1 Hz Mark sensor and EDL recorder. It has been observed that both sensors are sensitive to ground vibrations up to 0,3 Hz frequencies, and instrument internal noises begin to dominate at lower frequencies. It has been calculated that the noise levels observed at the stations can allow to detect earthquakes up to negative magnitudes. It is seen that the bimaterial structure of the Ganos Fault will have significant effects both in terms of near surface effects and on records such as transformed wave phases and fault zone waves. The stations located in the southern block of the fault, which consists of younger and looser units, exhibit much longer recording times and much larger wave amplitudes than the stations located on the older and stiffer northern block. The ground resonance frequencies obtained from the H/V analyzes at the stations clearly reveal the two-block structure.


A connector for a PHC pile wall is provided to close up a space between PHC piles quickly and easily, to improve constructability, to shorten a period of construction and to cut down on the cost of construction when forming a pile wall using PHC piles. A connector(100) for a PHC(pre-tensioned spun high strength concrete) pile wall, for forming a pile wall by connecting a PHC pile and an adjacent PHC pile, comprises a closure plate(110) installed to close up a space between a cylindrical PHC pile(200) and an adjacent PHC pile(210), and a pair of hanging plates(120,130) formed to be curved to have curvature corresponded to right and left sides of the closure plate, connected to two ends of the closure plate and provided with ∩-shaped fitting grooves(122,132) to be inserted and suspended on the top borders of the PHC piles.


In this paper, a robust controller based upon Mamdani architecture is presented, which is equipped with an adaptive measure to plant parameter variations and environmental effect. Besides, a compelling stable strategy is configured in it. Its control cycle can be altered automatically with the system output. To adapt the changes of system and external environment parameters, a rule-base self-adjusting method is employed. The adaptive process can be triggered when some state aberrance points are found or when the controller is turned on each time. To identify the trend of the system state, shape vector of a curve and state aberrance points are proposed. The adaptive process begin with a sequence of test input, then system output process is recorded by response function of the system. Next deviation degree between the current response function and the standard output response is calculated. By matching the shape vector and analyzing the deviation degree, the current circumstance is identified so that the rule-base can be automatically modified.


(Z)-Methyl 2-[3-(arylideneamino)-2-(arylidenehydrazono)-4-oxothiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetate prepared during the reaction between thiocarbonohydrazides and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate. Rational for there conversations involving the nucleophilic addition on C/C triple bond of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate are presented.


Semi-analytical approach based on the parabolic wave equation (PWE) has been developed for simulation of X-ray optical elements. Using it one can easily obtain spatial resolution, diffraction efficiency and field of view of realistic X-ray zone plates. Calculations reveal new unexpected features, absent for idealized thin zone plates.


Increasing land costs, ever more restrictive land use regulations and the public's impression that towers are aesthetically distasteful, have led to a continuing interest in physically small transmitting antennas for use by broadcasters operating in the 535-1705 kHz medium wave band. In this paper, the author provides initial computational and empirical data for two new compact antenna system types which offer significant size reductions while providing reasonable radiation efficiency, bandwidth and stability when compared to a reference quarter-wave monopole with standard buried radial ground system consisting of 120, equally spaced, 1/4 wavelength radials.


The micellization of a polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer with the number-average molecular weights (Mn) of 193 000 g/mol for PS block and 39 000 g/mol for PDMS block and the glass transition behavior of the PS blocks in the cores of collapsed dry micelles with PDMS tethered coronae were studied. A range of micelle morphologies was observed by varying the micellization conditions and varying the ratio of the methylene chloride (MC) solvent and the n-dodecane (D) selective nonsolvent. MC is a solvent for both of the blocks, but D is a selective solvent for only the PDMS block. After completely removing the solvents below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the initially solvated PS blocks in MC via extraction and vacuum-drying, the collapsed dry micelles, which were originally spheres and cylinders, became "tablets" or "ribbons". The diameters of the "tablets" and widths of the "ribbons" were approximately 50 and 100 nm, respectively. The thicknesses of these textures r...


The study highlights the specifics of the professional activities of caravan masters from the khanates of Central Asia who controlled the movement of caravans in Russian-Asian trade in the first half of the 19th century. The article examines the social status of the caravan masters, defines their authority and main duties during the journey to trading locations, analyzes the features of interpersonal interaction between the leaders and other caravan members, and focuses on the moral and psychological qualities of the caravan leader.
From the moment the caravan set out on a long and dangerous journey through the steppe and desert areas, the caravan master, officially approved by the government of a Central Asian khanate, gained full control over the process of movement. Taking full responsibility for the life and health of the caravan personnel, as well as the safety of the goods, the leader chose the optimal route, determined the locations for stops, controlled the duration of rest, and monitored provisions consumption.
The study demonstrates that the official duties of the caravan leader in the unique logistical setting of a merchant caravan were accompanied by various tasks, the effective solution of which depended on the leader's business mentality and special skills. The archival materials used in this work are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.


Covalentcapture of supramolecular peptide assemblies such as A leads to kinetically stable cylindrical β-sheet structures B. The covalent bond-forming processes employed must be mild enough to tolerate peptide backbone groups as well as intersubunit hydrogen bonding. On the basis of these criteria, olefin metathesis using a selective RuII catalyst developed by Grubbs et al. as well as cysteine disulfide formation were investigated. This general strategy involving the marriage of noncovalent and covalent chemistry may prove useful in preparation of functional molecular constructs.


Previous studies have shown that immunization of mice with an immunodominant epitope from heat‐shock protein 65 (hsp 65) (amino acids 261–271) can protect from the development of pristane‐induced arthritis (PIA) and this protection is mediated by an antigen‐specific T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response. Here we confirm these findings and show that frequent intranasal administration of this peptide exacerbates disease. In naive mice given peptide intranasally an antigen‐specific T‐cell population is systemically activated similar to that induced by peptide immunization in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Thus, a paradox exists whereby apparently similar peptide‐specific populations are either associated with protection from, or exacerbation of, PIA. However, comparison of cytokine profiles reveals differences between these two cell populations. Peptide inhalation induces the production of Th1‐type cytokines (interferon‐γ) whereas intraperitoneal immunization leads to the production of Th2‐type cytokines (interleukin‐4, interleukin‐5 and interleukin‐10) by splenic T cells upon stimulation with peptide. Thus, for the application of nasal 'tolerance' in clinical medicine, it is important to identify antigens and dosing regimes that counteract but do not activate adverse immune responses.


Negative properties of concrete include the volume changes occurring during their solidification and hardening process. These deformations and cracks lead to reduce the strength and the durability of structures. The most important volume change of concrete is shrinkage resulting from the ongoing physical and chemical processes. The concrete with a high water to cement ratio is especially prone on the drying shrinkage. This article deals with the verification of the properties of cement mortars using selected kinds of plasticizing agents developed for self-levelling cement screeds. Applied agents (MS 3-12, MS 4-12, MS 5-12 and reference Berascreed 101) are based on modified polycarboxylates. The dosage of these agents was determined by the previous research in the amount of 1.5% by weight of the binder. The use of agents had a positive impact on the consistency of the fresh cement mortars and increased values of the initial and the long-term compressive strength. The negative impact of these agents was noted at the shrinkage and bulk densities of fresh and hardened cement mortars. Based on the achieved results can be concluded, that the plasticizing agent MS 4-12 may be considered a suitable substitute for the reference agent.


Purpose – The aim of this paper was to challenge the purpose of financial education in the context of financial literacy of adolescents, and to test the efficiency of the developed high-school study book and program "My money, my future". Also, the purpose was to identify the predictors of financial knowledge before conducting the workshop, as well as the characteristics of adolescents with best performances on the financial knowledge test. Design/Methodology/Approach – The data was collected from a purposive sample of teenagers who participated in "My money, my future" program from October 2016 to February 2018 and the questionnaire employed was a three-part tool. Findings and implications – Financial interventions contribute to young people's financial knowledge. Interest, previous financial education and ownership of a bank account were found to be valid and reliable predictors of higher levels of knowledge among teenagers. Furthermore, most high school students in the sample reported they had already engaged in saving behaviour, and more than half of them claimed to have bank accounts. Financial knowledge after the workshop Andrea Lučića, Dajana Barbićb, Marija Uzelacc a University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb, Trg J. F. Kennedyja 6, 10000 Zagreb, CROATIA, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com b University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb, Trg J. F. Kennedyja 6, 10000 Zagreb, CROATIA, e-mail: email@example.com c University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb, Trg J. F. Kennedyja 6, 10000 Zagreb, CROATIA, e-mail: email@example.com Market-Tržište Vol. 32, Special Issue, 2020, pp. 115-130 UDK 336:37-053.6 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.22598/mt/2020.32.spec-issue.115 Preliminary communication THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN ADOLESCENT CONSUMERS' FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE ENHANCEMENT FINANCIJSKIM OBRAZOVANJEM DO POVEĆANJA ZNANJA O FINANCIJAMA POTROŠAČA ADOLESCENATA


AbstractGroundwater aquifers are key sources of water in arid and semiarid regions. Fossil fuels are commonly used to power water-well pumps. The adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use have led to the search for alternative clean energy sources to extract groundwater. A key factor in assessing the viability of wind energy use in groundwater extraction is the safe yield of groundwater production that can be derived by using windmills to power water wells. This paper presents and tests simulation and optimization models developed to estimate the safe yield of groundwater production derivable from the joint application of wind energy to water extraction and water storage for irrigation.


Reactions of ethylene molecules on Cr n + (n = 1-4), Cr n O + (n = 1-4), and Cr n OH + (n = 1, 2) were studied in a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a reaction cell. The mass spectra of the product ions showed that (1) under a single collision condition, oxidation of ethylene and chromium pickup (Cr-pickup) by ethylene take place on Cr n + (n = 2-4), Cr n O + (n = 2-4), and Cr n OH + (n = 2), and (2) under a multiple collision condition, two ethylene molecules are chemisorbed exclusively on CrO + and CrOH + ; the ethylene molecules seem to be dimerized in comparison with our preliminary density functional theory calculation. Size and collision-energy dependences of the reaction cross sections lead us to conclude that the Cr-pickup reaction proceeds via an intermediate in which C 2 H 4 is chemisorbed on a parent ion. The preferential ethylene dimerization on CrO + and CrOH + implies that, on a silica-supported chromium catalyst (Philips catalyst), ethylene polymerization proceeds preferentially on active centers consisting of atomic chromium bonded to O or OH of the substrate.


Earthquakes can cause extensive disruption to communities. One of the most consequential disruptions is loss of critical utility services, including electric power, water, natural gas, and sanitary sewer. To help communities understand the current risk of their utilities systems and move towards more resilient infrastructure, a probabilistic fault tree analysis methodology was developed to conduct bespoke seismic risk assessments of utility networks. Required inputs include fault tree representations of utility systems, a database of fragility curves and consequence functions for the fault tree components, and an assumed repair strategy. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for each system, producing produce recovery times and a critical path to recovery. Using fault trees to represent utility networks allows for integration of complex maps of redundant components, distribution paths/pipelines, and interdependent utility services. To demonstrate the use and benefits of this methodology, a case study of the University of British Columbia and its five utility services is discussed. This probabilistic fault tree methodology can improve the understanding of the seismic risk of critical lifelines and help carve a path towards resilient recovery of utility services after an earthquake. Analyst, Arup, San Francisco, CA 94105 (email: email@example.com) Resilience Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA 94105 (email: email@example.com) Associate, Arup, San Francisco, CA 94105 (email: email@example.com) Lee J, Mieler M, Almufti I. Seismic Risk Assessment of Utilities using Monte Carlo Simulations of Fault Tree Analysis. Proceedings of the 11 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Seismic Risk Assessment of Utilities using Monte Carlo Simulations of Fault Tree Analysis J. Lee , M. Mieler, and I. Almufti


In this paper, the dent printing phenomena and critical dent size which lead to premature failure of deep grooved ball bearing for automobiles are presented. The results of newly assembled test bearings showed that the ball dent size strongly affect the bearing life and inner ring raceways were the major failed parts in spite of using the dented balls. The dent printing phenomena are a root cause of premature failure, which was not reported until now. And there exist the critical ball dent size for given rolling bearings and operating conditions. So, the initial condition of tribologically mating parts should be treated as important as the failed body itself.


A growing number of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) proteins is threatening the renewed interest of colistin as a "last‐resort" defense against carbapenem‐resistant pathogens. Here, the comparative genomics of a large plasmid harboring mcr‐5 from Aeromonas hydrophila and the structural/functional perspectives of MCR‐5 action are reported. Whole genome sequencing has identified the loss of certain parts of the Tn3‐type transposon typically associated with mcr‐5, providing a clue toward its mobilization. Phylogeny of MCR‐5 suggests that it is distinct from the MCR‐1/2 sub‐lineage, but might share a common ancestor of MCR‐3/4. Domain‐swapping analysis of MCR‐5 elucidates that its two structural motifs (transmembrane domain and catalytic domain) are incompatible with its counterparts in MCR‐1/2. Like the rest of the MCR family, MCR‐5 exhibits a series of conservative features, including zinc‐dependent active sites, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding cavity, and the mechanism of enzymatic action. In vitro and in vivo evidence that MCR‐5 catalyzes the addition of phosphoethanolamine to the suggestive 4′‐phosphate of lipid A moieties is integrated, and results in the consequent polymyxin resistance. In addition, MCR‐5 alleviates the colistin‐induced formation of reactive oxygen species in E. coli. Taken together, the finding suggests that a growing body of MCR family resistance enzymes are functionally unified.


The proof of the second point of Proposition B11 given in the Appendix of Kobylanski and Quenez (2012) ([1]) is only valid in the case where the reward process is right-continuous. In this Erratum, we give the proof in the case where the reward is only right-upper-semicontinuous.


A novel evaluation method for the rolling resistance characteristics of truck tire is proposed, in which a simplified modal experiment is suggested through a single-point vibration sampling from the tire surface with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film. Three truck tires are utilized in the modal experiments, and the half-power bandwidth method is employed to identify the damping characteristics of the three tires. The damping characteristics of the tires are ranked by their values. These values are compared with their corresponding rolling resistance coefficients to manifest their correlative relationship. The experimental results, which are obtained from the modal experiment and the rolling resistance test, indicate that the modal parameters and the half-power bandwidth of the tire are exactly correlated to the rolling resistance coefficients. Furthermore, the damping ratios of the tires are correlated well with the rolling resistance coefficients among the tires. Overall, the proposed evaluation method could effectively evaluate the rolling resistance characteristics of the tire, which enable it to be a simple and economical alternative over the conventional tire rolling resistance experiments.


Porocarcinoma is a rare malignant adnexal tumor with predilection for the lower extremities and the head and neck region of older adults. This entity may arise de novo or in association with a benign poroma. Porocarcinoma's non‐specific clinical appearance, immunohistochemical profile, and divergent differentiation may occasionally be diagnostically challenging. Recently, highly recurrent YAP1 and NUTM1 gene rearrangements have been described in cases of poroma and porocarcinoma. In this report, we present a case of porocarcinoma with squamous differentiation in an 81‐year‐old woman which harbored rearrangement of the YAP1 and NUTM1 loci and was diffusely immunoreactive for NUTM1. We discuss the recent advancements in the pathogenesis of poromas and porocarcinomas with emphasis on the clinical utility of the NUTM1 antibody.


Sheoaks (Casuarina sp.) are a common ornamental and amenity trees grown in provinces of Turkey along the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts. In the literature this species is identified as Casuarina equisetifolia L., however, recent field observations have brought this into doubt. Qualitative and quantitative characters for 14 specimens (7 female and 7 male) collected from Izmir, Dalaman, Adana and Ceyhan, indicated that the correct determination is Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. This is a new record for Turkey for a species that is considered an invasive woody weed in up to 20 countries. However, as this species has been grown in Turkey of many decades and there is no evidence of naturalization, it is not considered to represent a potential threat and no immediate management action is considered necessary.


The invention relates to a method definition at least one insulating area in a semiconductor substrate (30), comprising a step of forming a trench in the substrate (30) and a step of forming an insulating material (36 ') in the trench, the upper surface overhangs the substrate surface (30). The method includes a step of forming, in a portion of insulating material (36) located above the surface of the semiconductor substrate (30), a barrier layer to the diffusion (38).


RHC is currently the gold standard in the assessment of diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and decision-making of pulmonary hypertension patients. Internal jugular vein (IJV) access is the preferred option among the available vascular access routes in most of pulmonary hypertension centers; furthermore, ultrasound (US) guidance is strongly recommended for the IJV access (IA) since it reduces the number of access complications. Many patients requiring RHC are on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. Continuation of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) has been shown to be safe in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (CIED). However only few data in the literature are available in the setting of RHC.

 To compare the feasibility and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided IJV access for RHC procedure in pulmonary hypertension's patients anticoagulated vs non-anticoagulated.

 This is a retrospective observational single–center study, including a cohort of 114 consecutive patients undergoing RHC via IJV assess by US guidance RHC at our tertiary care center between February 2018 and February 2022. The primary outcome was a composite of general (defined as overall success rate, patient discomfort, syncope, mortality) and access site complications (defined as significant hematoma formation greater than 5 cm in diameter, thrombosis, embolism, arterial puncture, pneumothorax, haemotomediastinum and hydro mediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and nerve injury) after adequate hemostasis, at the access site at 6-hour post procedure.

 Of the 114 patients, 50 (44%) were on anticoagulation and 64 (56%) were not. Mean age was 71 ± 13 and 59 ± 16 years, respectively. The main indication for anticoagulation was atrial fibrillation in 40 (80%) patients. 43 (86%) patients were on DOAC, only 7 (14%) on Warfarin. 13 patients were on single antiplatelet therapy and 8 were on double antiplatelet therapy. Mean INR value was 1.25 ± 0.33 in the anticoagulated population and 1.08 ± 0.11 in the non-anticoagulated one. HAS-BLED score was equal or greater than 3 in 29 (25%) patients. Indication for RHC was mainly confirmation of PH class I diagnosis (54% of patients). None of the patients enrolled developed general or access site complications, except for 1 (2%) non-anticoagulated patient who develop a significant hematoma (defined as >5 cm in diameter) at the puncture site. All patients underwent day-hospital regimen, were able to mobilize immediately following the procedure, and were discharged as planned at 6 hours.

 To the best of our knowledge this is the first study in the literature supporting the feasibility and safety of US guided IJV approach to RHC in anticoagulated patients when compared to non-anticoagulated patients affected by pulmonary hypertension.
 Keywords: Right heart catheterization, catheterization, anticoagulation, internal jugular vein, US-guidance, access site complications


Background: The oceans are teeming with a diverse range of marine organisms that offer unique health benefits, such as seagrass which is one of many key marine products that have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic properties. However, until now there have been few successful reports of seagrass's metabolites profile and biological activity. Therefore, this work aims to profile metabolites or chemical constituents and assess the potential antioxidants and anti-obesity effects of two Indonesian seagrasses, Thalassia hemprichii and Zostera marina. Methods: Once authenticated, T. hemprichii and Z. marina were extracted with two different solvents, polar (ethanol) and nonpolar (hexane). Metabolite profiling was performed using untargeted metabolomic profiling via liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method analysis, and then antioxidant and anti-obesity capabilities were assessed by molecular docking and in vitro studies on selected receptors. Results: A total of 9 and 11 metabolites were observed from T. hemprichii and Z. marina and continued molecular docking. Some of the observed compounds have promising potential as inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1 kinase, human pancreatic lipase, and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) proteins, including luteolin, 6-hydroxy compounds luteolin O-glucoside, luteolin-O-sulphate, Thalassiolin A, Thalassiolin C, kaempferol-7,4'-dimethylether-3-O-sulfate, apigenin, and diosmetin. T. hemprichii ethanol extract (THE) EC50 value shows antioxidant capabilities via ABTS radical scavenging activity of 76.00 μg/mL, a smaller value than standard antioxidant controls (Trolox, 76.54 μg/mL) and followed by EC50 of lipase inhibition activity by THE which has the same pattern (EC50 THE < EC50 Orlistat). Conclusions: This concludes that the two Indonesian seagrasses have promising biological activity as candidates for functional food and/or drugs in combating free radicals and obesity.


The purpose of this report is to document the technical basis for acceptance of the EPDM O-ring seals in the SAFKEG 3940A package proposed for storage of Pu-bearing material in the KAMS facility.


The ecological characteristics of natural forest are affected by niche breadth,niche proportional similarity and niche overlap.The regeneration niche of main tree populatins in Pinus tableformis community are analyzed by using quantitative method in Ziwuling Mountians.The result shows that most tree populations of Pinus tableformis community belong to moderate niche breadth except Quercus liaotungensis population.All the niche overlaps between populations are limited.The population with wide niche breadth could share the same resources,while the one with narrow niche breadth is distributed concentratively.


Based on available sources, the author outlines the economic and social picture (period 1250-1340) of the main Istrian cities which Dante Alighieri indicated as the terminal point of linguistic and cultural Italy. It is a context inserted within Northernmost Adriatic increasingly gravitating towards Venice which extended its sovereignty in the Istrian coast from 1267 to 1331. Municipal Istria is entirely integrated, but it is distinguished from its hinterland, central-eastern part of the peninsula, marked by co-existence of the Slavic and the Romanic linguistic dimensions. Parole chiave: storia medioevale, storia dell'Istria, civiltà comunale.


In the last decade, hardware advancements have allowed for neural networks to become much larger in size. Dropout is a popular deep learning technique which has shown to improve the performance of large neural networks. Recurrent neural networks are powerful networks specialised at solving problems which use time series data. Three different approaches to incorporating Dropout with recurrent neural networks have been suggested. However, these approaches have not been evaluated under identical experimental conditions. This article investigates the performance of these Dropout approaches using a 2D physics simulation benchmark. After applying statistical tests it was found that using Dropout did improve network performance on the benchmark. However, contrary to the literature, the Dropout approach which was expected to perform poorly, performed well, and the approach which was expected to perform well, performed poorly.


An application of survival analysis on Iranian water pipelines failure dataset is employed to shed additional light on the pipeline failure process as well as to extract useful information that can be helpful in future asset management planning. Survival analysis characterizes the distribution of the survival time for different groups of pipes, to compare this survival time among different type of materials. A parametric model is developed to simulate time to failure in the pipe network. The model was calibrated on the historical failure data collected over the period 1995 – 2001, and then it was tested using data since 2002. Using both parametric and non-parametric survival models makes it possible to establish a priority list for future water pipelines rehabilitation undertakings in accordance with their material type. Accordingly, it is recommended that implementation of pipeline rehabilitation projects proceeds firstly on metallic water mains, then on plastic water mains, and finally on cement water pipelines.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


A PV pumping system using induction machine is thoroughly investigated in this work. The power structure is constituted of multiple parallel DC/DC step-up converters directly connected to the inverter. Each DC/DC converter is used as a DC current transformer. The input characteristic of the inverter is enforced by means of an appropriate regulation, in order to avoid problematic dynamic resistance. The system is simulated under Matlab / Simulink and it has been shown that the proposed regulation scheme is unconditionally stable.


The models discussed are symbolic, explicitly describing concepts, parameters, and relations among concepts and parameters. They are formal in that they represent the design of the business and its processes as described by professional decision-makers. A methodology is presented for building such model-based systems, and some of the practical issues of building and validating models are discussed.<<ETX>>


Nickel-molybdenum sulfide Ni2Mo~Sv.9 (nickel Chevrel phase, NiCP) was tested as the cathode of li thium secondary batteries. The Li/NiCP cell could be galvanostatically discharged up to x = 4 5 (LixNi2Mo6ST.9) when the current density was smaller than 0.5 mA/cm 2. No evidence of nickel delbosition from the NiCP cathode was observed even after the cell was deeply discharged to x = 4. This resulted in the small distortion of the NiCP crystal lattice upon lithium intercalation, which was clearly observed by the experimental result that the ar value of the rhombohedral lattice parameter hardly changed before and after lithium intercalation. As a result, the NiCP cathodes showed excellent discharge-charge cycling properties. In a deep cycling test carried out between 1.5-2.7V, more than 50% of the initial discharge capacity was maintained even after 200 cycles. In shallow range cycling tests performed in the ranges of 0.5 < x < 1 and 1 < x < 2, the cells were cycled more than 5000 and 1700 times, respectively. Volumetric energy density of a battery (Wh/liter) sometimes becomes more important than gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg), especially when the cell volume is strictly limited as in the case of small-size portable batteries. Ternary molybdenum sulfides M,Mo6Ss-z (M = metal), socalled Chevrel phase compounds (1), are one of the most promising candidates for such high volumetric energy density cells because of their high specific densities: e.g., Cu~Vio6S~.0 5.59 g/cm ~ (2), Pbl.0Mo6ST.7 6.04 g/cm 3 (3), and Fel.25Mo~ST.8 5.53 g/cm 3 (4). These densities are considerably larger than those of other potential cathode materials such as TiS2 (3.26 g/cm 3 (5)), MoS2 (5.01 g/cm 3 (6)), V60,3 (3.91 g/cm 3 (7)), etc. The densities listed above have been calculated from the lattice parameters reported in the literature (2-7). The crystal structure of the Chevrel phase compound with smaller M atoms, e.g., Cu, Fe, Ni, is illustrated in Fig. 1 with the unit cell of hexagonal crystal lattice. This illustration has been drawn on the basis of the Cu, Mo, and S positions of Cu3Mo6S8 (8). The M atoms partially occupy the 12 M sites which are located in between two Mo6S8 clusters neighboring along the hexagonal c-axis. In Fig. 2, only the M sites are emphasized. It can easily be understood from Fig. 2 that each set of 12 M sites is three dimensionally interconnected with the others resulting in the high mobility of the M atoms. When lithium is intercalated in such Chevrel phase compounds, lithium atoms also enter the 12 M sites. Accordingly, these lithium ions also can easily diffuse through the crystal lattice of Chevrel phase compounds. This is one of the main reasons why the Chevrel phase compounds exhibit excellent properties as the cathode of li thium secondary batteries. Lithium secondary batteries using Chevrel phase compounds as the cathode have been intensively studied by many investigators (9-13). However, most of them concen*Electrochemical Society Active Member. trated on copper Chevrel phase, CuyMo6Ss-z (2 < y < 4, 0 < z < 0.25, CuCP) or Mo6S8 obtained by oxidizing CuCP (9, 12). It is well known that most of the copper ions come out of the crystal and deposit as metallic copper when lithium ions are intercalated into CuCP (9-12). Accordingly, CuCP behaves as almost pure Mo6S8 at least after several discharge-charge cycles. However, the hexagonal lattice parameters of Mo6S8 are quite different from those of LixMo6S8 (12) (Mo6S8 a = 9.15/~ and c = 10.74A, Li2Mo6Ss.0 a = 9.73A and c = 10.57A). The a parameter of Mo6S8 is con. ".~ ~ , " ~ :...":t Fig. 1. Crystal structure of the Chevrel phase compounds MxMo6S8 with smaller M atoms illustrated together with hexagonal unit cells. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 188.8.131.52 Downloaded on 2018-07-20 to IP 8 J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 137, No. 1, January 1990 9 The Electrochemical Society, Inc.


Current studies on innovation in the context of economic development usually focus on highly urbanised metropolitan areas which have attained exceptional levels of prosperity with the presence of strong associative organisations, intensive sharing of knowledge and an important number of firms belonging to high-tech sectors or recognised for their strong creativity. The aim of this study is to expand some aspects of research on this subject, looking more closely at the role of local institutions in endogenous dynamics of development and the mechanisms inherent to small scale innovation systems in non-metropolitan regions. The comparative analysis is focused on the regions of La Pocatiere and Olds in Canada, Aurillac in France and Gembloux in Belgium.


Sporadic-E ('Es') layers in the ionosphere allow communication at much higher frequencies than would be possible via the background ionosphere, especially at solar cycle minimum. Es is created by a different mechanism from the background ionosphere and the creation process and structure are not fully understood. Similarly, the way that radio waves propagate via Es is not well characterised. Because of these factors, and particularly because of its intermittent nature, Es is difficult both to predict and to model. For these reasons Es is either represented very simplistically in ionospheric prediction models or it is not included at all. This paper describes an experimental investigation of differential fading between orthogonal polarisations of 50 MHz signals propagated via Es at oblique angles, aimed at improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Initial results indicate that cross-polarisation fading is frequently significant on a timescale from seconds to minutes.


Dear Editor,

Immunity is the sophisticated ability of all multicellular organisms to maintain integrity of its composition and a homeostatic balance of their internal milieu. Immunity determines the genetic stability of each individual, and subsequently the long-lasting evolutionary stability of the species. In reality, immunity keeps all changes induced by internal mutations or by activities and products of enteropathogensat minimum, as the actions possess a capacity to threaten the integrity of an organism.

There are two fundamental types of evolution of life on the Earth. At the emergence of first signs of the life, perhaps 3,800 million years ago, the living forms comprised only prokaryotic, microscopic and asexual organisms. In this RNA/DNA world, the evolutionary innovations were originated by gene changes at the nucleotide level (non-lethal mutations, gene duplications, inversion or other genetic manipulations) and also by mutual gene lateral (horizontal) exchange. This Precambrian biota living 85% of Earth Life time was characterized by hypobradytelic evolution (stasis). Emergence of primitive unicellular (colonial) eukaryotes, more than 1,000 million years ago later, was caused by genetic information transfer across species boundaries. This lateral gene transfer resulted in the burst of multicellularity in Edicarian and particularly in Cambrian, some 600 million years ago. This megascopic, aerobic and sexual Phanerozoic biota occupies only 15% of Earth Life time. It is characterized by horotelic evolution with distinguishing extinctions/radiations periods.[1] From evolutionary view, the mobile DNA/RNA elements (transpozons) of viral, prokaryotic or eukaryotic origin are capable overcoming the host immune barriers. It is important to remember that these barriers could represent potential vectors or direct donors of genes bearing new genetic information needed for evolutionary innovations.

So why defend against alien, why immunity is needed? It is clear that multicellular organisms have never evolved alone in a splendid isolation from other living beings.[2] Not evolution, but co-evolution formatted life since its dawn on the Earth. Co-evolution has been accomplished by means of horizontal information transition, which seems to be a major evolutionary force. Consequently, living organisms as thermodynamically open systems inevitably must exchange, accept, and transform information. Their existence, cooperation/competition, and adaptive radiation are simultaneously dependent on the defense of their internal integrity. All Phanerozoic eukaryotes are endowed by various forms of defense of "self," which in fact are constricted by their basic body patterns.[3] On the other hand, genomes are not protected by any immune system. Why did sophisticated immune systems evolve to protect the integrity of an individual, when the genomes are open for entering and accepting "non-self" genes, and what is the evolutionary justification of defense of "self?" We must be aware that actual genomes of all living beings are synologs, the agglomerates of autochthonous genomes with xenologic, alien genetic contributions from others. Organisms that express properties and products from foreign genes are numerous. Even in humans, according International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, mobile genetic elements form as well as a half of his genome.[4]

What happened before the emergence of gnathostomian vertebrates? The groups of virulence genes could transfer new biological information into the genome of placoderms. It could be a benign infectious process that initated the formation of a new defense strategy. It is possible that adaptive immunity developed as a result of some infectious process. What, for decades, appeared as a result of immunological Big Bang most probably developed throughout tens of million of years by slow, step-by-step adoption of the genes necessary for out of genome diversity. V(D)J recombination of the imunoglobulin family became the most successful system of adaptive immunity.[5] It may be hypothesized that the primordial lymphoid cell lineage of these predecessors of gnathostomes was sufficiently plastic for acceptation of recombination-activating genes (RAG) cassettes, which allowed the use of molecules of immunoglobulin super family as defense weapons (antibodies, etc.). The majority of agnathostomes with their adaptive immunity being based on LRR (leucine-rich repeat) proteins disappeared more than 400 million years ago and the two current orders consist of, compared to immunologically more successful vertebrates, only handful of species.[6] Thus the onset of adaptive immune strategy is tightly connected with lateral gene transfer. However, we still know little about the natural pressures leading to the creation of the vertebrate type of immunity, nor about the time at which the first sign of this immunity emerged. It is probable that adaptive immunity evolved against the background of the invertebrate defense reactions which were tending toward some degree of specificity on the phylogenetical level of the first chordate vertebrate ancestors.[3]

So the question is: Do we need immunity? It might be possible to conclude that immune systems occurred more by pure luck and that their existence has only limited impact on animal kingdom. We are, however, convinced that without the slow development, and in its reality extremely complex array of immune reaction, the Earth would still be covered by primordial soup full of prokaryotic animals. We have to remember that regardless of any horizontal exchange of biological information which might play a role in the evolution of immunity, there is no function without structure, and there is no structure without a history.[7] The immune strategy represents an appropriate morpho-functional pattern determined by a common body plan which itself has emerged during the evolutionary process, mostly under the pressure of the natural forces of environment.


The authors propose a fault oriented partial scan design methodology to be performed as a sequel to test generation. Given the cost of converting each flip-flop to a scanned flip-flop and an overall bound on the cost of the scan design, the program OPUS-2 selects a set of flip-flops which are most likely to improve the quality of test generation. The expected improvement in testability is modeled by profit functions quantifying the reduction in weighted cycles, or the reduction in SCOAP values at hard-to-detect fault sites. Experiments performed on ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits show that, by analytically selecting only 10-20% of the flip-flops, the circuits can be tested to the same level of quality as a fully scanned circuit. The advantages of the proposed method are that the highest possible fault coverage can be achieved while limiting the cost of scan to a user-specified limit.<<ETX>>


I warmly welcome the discussion by Paul Allin concerning the developments in relation to the collection of cross-national data on culture within the European context. In UNESCO, the newly established Institute for Statistics is responsible for international data on culture, alongside data on communications, science and technology and education. We are conscious of the fact that much of the data on culture collected over recent years are of poor quality and are not relevant to today's policy makers. Consequently, there is a need for a thorough review of the requirements for crossnational data. Many of the issues raised in Paul's chapter are also relevant in the context of a broader geographical arena. This commentary extends the discussion to a worldwide context.


Construction and quality of the kids' bedding-mattress has not been optimized yet i.e. adjusted to their users. This is evidenced by the data related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) which the experts relate to poor construction of babies' bedding-mattress and the fact that this complex and interdisciplinary area has not been fully elucidated. Majority of kids' beddings-mattresses are the reduced versions of the beddings-mattresses for adults. This causes the biggest issues because various complications, such as gas poisoning (resulting from chemical processes involving the elements present in the bedding-mattress construction material), occur in the first months of infant' s life. Levels of the gases blamed to cause cot death are too low to be harmful for adults, which is not the case with babies whose respiratory system is not fully developed. This does not mean that prolonged inhalation of hazardous gases generated from the poor quality bedding-mattress is not hazardous for the adults.


An entity involved in distributing software provides a trusted authority with a piece of information associated with the entity 25, for example an e-mail address, using a first computer. The authority generates a cryptographic key using the e-mail address and a datum associated with the authority (37, fig. 3), and provides the key to the first computer 27. The first computer uses the key to encrypt the software prior to distribution 29. When a person wishes to decrypt the software on a second computer, the e-mail address of the entity is read from a data file associated with the encrypted software (43, fig. 4) and the datum is acquired by reading data that has been hard-coded into a decryption application on the second computer (45). The decryption application then generates a decryption key (47) and decrypts the encrypted software (49). Preferably the key generation process comprises a hashing algorithm and the encryption process comprises an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The piece of information associated with the entity could include a telephone number or street address.


PurposeIn recent years, the topic of women's entrepreneurship has gained increasing attention from researchers and policymakers. Its role in economic growth and development has been widely recognized in several studies. However, the relationship between gender in entrepreneurship and innovation is an underexplored aspect in particular at a country-level perspective. This paper aims to answer the following question: Does female entrepreneurship impact innovation at a national level?Design/methodology/approachUsing a panel dataset of 35 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries over the period 2002–2019, the authors carried out a comprehensive econometric analysis, based on the fixed-effect model, the random-effect model and the feasible generalized least squares estimator, as well as a battery of tests to prevent problems of multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of the error terms. In doing so, the authors found consistent and robust results on the linear and nonlinear relationship between women's entrepreneurship and innovation, using selected country indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) consortium, the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and the World Development Indicators (WDI), including female self-employment, female nascent entrepreneurship and R&D investment and controlling for the same relationships in the case of men's entrepreneurship.FindingsThis study shows that the level of R&D investment, which according to the literature can be considered as a proxy of innovation, is higher when the level of women's entrepreneurship is low. However, exploring more in depth this relationship and the relationship between male entrepreneurship and innovation, the authors found two important and new results. The first one involves the different impact on R&D investment of female self-employment and female nascent entrepreneurship. In particular, female self-employment appears to have a linear negative impact on the R&D, while the impact of female nascent entrepreneurship is statistically nonsignificant. The second one affects the nonlinearity of the negative effect, suggesting that very different challenges are possible at different levels of women's entrepreneurship. In addition, analyzing the role of human capital in the relationship between R&D investment and women entrepreneurship, it emerges that higher education (as the main component of human capital) makes early-stage women's entrepreneurship more technologically consuming, which promotes R&D investment. A higher level of education lessens the significance of the negative relationship between the simplest type of women entrepreneurship (female self-employment) and R&D investment.Originality/valueThe originality of the study is that it provides new evidence regarding the link between women's entrepreneurship and innovation at the macro level, with a specific focus on self-employed women entrepreneurs and early-stage women entrepreneurship. In this sense, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is among the few showing a nonlinear relationship between women's entrepreneurship and country-level innovation and a negative impact only in the case of female self-employment. Moreover, this study has relevant implications from a policymaking perspective, in terms of promoting more productive women's entrepreneurship.


For wafer fabrication, a process module (PM) in cluster tools is prone to failure. It is crucial to deal with such failure in a proper and timely manner. With residency time constraints, if there are feasible periodic schedules in operating a cluster tool before and after a PM failure, it is desired to make it operate continuously when such a failure occurs. A Petri net model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of a single-arm cluster tool and failure response policies are proposed to deal with a failure. The proposed policies are formulated via simple control laws for their real-time and on-line implementation. An example is presented to show their application.


Background. We present our experience with transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Patients and methods. We treated 95 patients with lacrimal duct insufficiency from June 2000 to February 2003. The most frequent cause of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was chronic inflammation. We inserted a light probe through the inferior canalliculus to transilluminate the area of the lacrimal sac. We anaemized the region over the lacrimal sac and the attachment of the middle nasal concha and corrected nasal septum deviation were indicated. We coagulated and removed the mucosa over the transilluminated area, the bony wall and the medial portion of the lacrimal sac. After haemostasis, we placed silicone tubes through both canalliculi and fixed its ends with metallic clips. We finally introduced a Merocel tampon in the middle nasal meatus for two days. The silicone tubes remained in place for 3 to 4 months. Results. We observed no serious complications. The silicone tubes remained in place for 3 to 4 months. Follow up period ranged from 8 to 40 months. We noticed recurrence of symptoms in seven patients. Conclusions. Transnasal endoscopic DCR is a contribution to the development of endoscopic surgery technique. Its success rate is comparable to or even better than external DCR, according to other and our own study. Transnasal endoscopic DCR is a simple and successful procedure and well tolerated by the patients.


This is a brief note on a research paper I am working on at present. Comments are welcome.Introduction.Land Acquisition for major economic projects has shot to national attention lately capturing media space and invading the language of informed discourse. Suddenly the votaries of a liberal economic policy are not so sure anymore, and traditionalists skeptical of the inevitability of the new economy feel vindicated.Design & Methodology.As with most contentious questions of public interest and political economy, it helps to go back to basics, the laws of the land and their underpinning, the Constitution. My research will examine the public law and public policy issues relating to land assembly and acquisition for infrastructure mega projects in India: process, policy and politics. Using qualitative empirical evidence drawn from land hungry infrastructure projects in India, and cross country comparisons, it will look at the land acquisition process as laid out in the Act and policy documents; and focus on legal principles: viz. Right to Property, Eminent Domain and Public Purpose. Approach and Findings.The research postulates that the paper is that the law of land acquisition is time tested, but requires fresh application and interpretation in the light of the dynamic context of an emerging economy and a nation in transition. Land Acquisition has emerged as the most contentious among the issues relating to infrastructure megaprojects that are now in public debate. This is natural in a predominantly agricultural economy, yet also ironical because land acquisition as a state activity has been practised for decades, and the act governing land acquisition is among the oldest in the land. It points out to the essentiality of inclusive growth, that India cannot leave Bharat far behind without risking major conflict. It also shows us that certain laws and principles that we have practised and abided by so long are now inadequate for our purposes. Central to this research is the identification of the public policy elements and the role of the executive, polity, judiciary and civil society in achieving the fine balance between equity and efficiency in this vexatious question of our political economy.


ABSTRACT This paper attempts to demonstrate how the lobbying efforts to reform textbook content in Pakistan, employed by a Catholic organization called National Commission for Justice and Peace (NCJP), are embedded in an existing discourse of textbook reform. Various actors involved in textbook reform shape this discourse. These actors interact and cooperate with each other and advance various interpretations of, and objections to, the textbook content. Through these social relations and discursive aspects NCJP's interpretation of textbook reform is shaped as matter of national security, educational quality, and legality. On the one hand, NCJP's interactions with different actors enable the organization to adopt and appropriate an established discourse in its own interpretations. On the other hand, NCJP's perception of its own religious identity and of its relations to the other actors restricts its interpretive space and its participation in public debates about the textbooks.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a study about gender differences in the climate change communication on Twitter and in the use of affordances on Twitter. Design/methodology/approach – The data set consists of about 250,000 tweets and retweets for which the authors' gender was identified. While content of tweets and hashtags used were analysed for common topics and specific contexts, the usernames that were proportionately more frequently mentioned by either male or female tweeters were coded according to the usernames' stance in the climate change debate into convinced (that climate change is caused by humans), sceptics, neutrals and unclear groups, and according to the type or role of the user account (e.g. campaign, organization, private person). Findings – The results indicate that overall male and female tweeters use very similar language in their tweets, but clear differences were observed in the use of hashtags and usernames, with female tweeters mentioning significantly more campa...


This paper proposes a computing paradigm where many users share a host platform consisting of one or more multicore CPU(s) and GPU(s). Each user is connected to the host by a link transferring primarily compressed compound video of screen, mouse and keyboard data. All computation and processing tasks including but not limited to 2D/3D graphics and multimedia processing are done on the host using a traditional or existing architecture. Since all computing and storage resources are centralized on the "cloudlet" (host) and each user site has only a high-resolution monitor, a mouse, and a keyboard with some optional I/O devices, it is a highly energy-efficient, secure, reliable, and low total-ownershipcost paradigm. The compound video link between the host and the user is partial-lossless (partially lossless and partially near-lossless), and has ultra-low latency, so the proposed paradigm still has no-compromised 2D/3D graphics and multimedia performance demanded by the mass market.


Introduction:
 Myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) is a non-ejection fraction volumetric measure of myocardial shortening which has been associated with incident heart failure (HF) including in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. However, less is known regarding MCF's prediction of HF subtypes.

 Methods:
 This analysis included men and women aged 45-84 free of clinical cardiovascular disease who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) during the baseline MESA examination and who had data regarding incident adjudicated definite or probable HF events. MCF was calculated using cMRI measurements and defined as the ratio of stroke volume to myocardial volume. HF subtypes were divided into HF with ejection fraction (EF) < 50% (HF EF < 50%, including HF with reduced EF (EF ≤ 40%) and HF with mildly reduced EF (EF 41-49%) and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between MCF and incident HF subtype per decile increase in MCF. Event time was defined as time of first defined HF subtype, and censoring occurred at death or end of follow-up. After an incident HF event, participants were not at risk for another HF subtype. Covariates adjusted for were age, gender, race-ethnicity, education, body-mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, systolic blood pressure (BP), diabetes, physical activity, total cholesterol, and BP and lipid lowering drug use.

 Results:
 Among 4,983 participants (mean age 61, 52% female, 61% non-White) over a maximum of 18 years follow-up, there were 275 incident HF events (142 HF EF < 50%, 113 HFpEF, 20 unknown EF). MCF differed across HF status (p<0.001)
 .
 Participants without incident HF had a higher mean MCF (0.65) compared to HFpEF (0.62), HF EF < 50% (0.53), and unknown EF (0.52). The adjusted risk of any HF was reduced (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82, 0.91) per decile increase of MCF. MCF was strongly associated with incident HF EF < 50% (adjusted HR 0.80, CI 0.74, 0.86) but was not associated with HFpEF (adjusted HR 0.98, CI 0.91, 1.05).

 Conclusions:
 In a multi-ethnic cohort, increasing MCF is associated with a decreased risk of incident HF EF<50%. MCF is not significantly associated with incident HFpEF, suggesting different etiologic pathways for these two HF subtypes.


A new method based on two dimensional histogram and block clustering is proposed in this paper, in order to extract bubbles in the aerated water flows images. Firstly, the original image was divided into sub-images with different sizes in this method, to solve the uneven illumination of the image, which was result from the high intensity of bubbles defilade the low intensity bubbles in the image, and then the binary image of the sub-images were obtained. Secondly, block clustering is used to recognize the pure background blocks and dispose them in a special way. Thirdly, the bubble information is analyzed based on the definition of an evaluation function and an evaluation block in the binary image. Finally, a statistical characteristic analysis method is used to compensatethe overlapping bubbles, which were appeared in the original image, and it is also impossible to get high-accurate bubbles size by the method of image segmentation, and at the same time, optimal quantificational estimation of the bubble area square distribution was obtained. Many experimental results show that the method is efficient.


This paper discusses high-performance quantum optical circuits for processing polarization entanglement between correlated photon pairs. The primary application of this technology is secure communication links with quantum encryption that rely on the inherent properties of laser light and physical-layer processes in optical components. It can be used for generating identical pairs of encryption keys in quantum key distribution applications, for a variety of encryption protocols ranging from single-photon to multiple-photon, keyed communication in quantum noise, but we see a potential spectrum extending further to include multi-access systems. Success in these applications can be achieved by introducing additional degrees-of-freedom in each single-particle quantum state. We see hyper-entanglement as a very promising approach to do this. The concept is visualized by having multiple entangled photons with specifically assigned frequencies in the 100 GHz ITU grid and arriving simultaneously from multiple sources. Processing of such signals requires hyperspectral optical circuits capable of responding to non-classical features of quantum states. The function of these circuits is to direct the arriving signals along different processing paths to single photon detectors, which can be realized by a combination of different technologies, such as highly selective Lyot filters, dense wavelength division multiplexing, and others. Processing capabilities of these quantum circuits, while seemingly straight-forward in theory, still present a great implementation challenge. Practical operating conditions and characteristics of optical components must be taken into consideration to address the underlying design problems and make this technology feasible. This constitutes the main focus of our paper.


In the course of cytological observations of a cell line of bovine testicular origin since its initiation, many chromatin bridges and binucleate cells were noticed following the apparently spontaneous occurrence of chromatid fragmentation and formation of dicentric chromosomes. Subsequently, the frequency of binucleate cells and their respective nuclear sizes were recorded from permanent slides of material of passages made prior to, during, and after the incidence of chromatid fragmentation. Since the frequency of binucleate cells rose simultaneously with that of the chromatin bridges, and since the same nuclear size was involved in most cases, the frequency of chromatin bridges was taken as an index of their contribution to the production of binucleate cells following the period of chromatid fragmentation.


Chemotherapy has immunosuppressive side effects, one of which is neutropenia. In neutropenia, fever often occurs as a manifestation of infection. Antibiotics are given in neutropenia condition to prevent complication of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different prophylactic antibiotics on the increase of Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), duration of fever, and degree of improvement in ANC values in cancer patients with fever neutropenia. This study was an observational with quantitative descriptive analyses. Data were taken from medical records for the period January 2015 to December 2016. The sample size that met the inclusion criteria was 45 patients including 15 using ceftriaxone-gentamicin, 8 using ceftriaxone, 16 using ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin, and 6 using ceftazidime. The results showed a significant difference in the increase ANC values for different antibiotics (p = 0.001). However, the administration of different antibiotics did not provide a significant difference in the mean duration of fever (p = 0.341). Administration of different antibiotics was known to give a degree of improvement in the same ANC value (p = 0.711). The conclusion of this study was that the administration of different antibiotics in post-chemotherapy neutropenia fever patients has a significant influence on the ANC value where the type of antibiotic that has the highest influence is a combination of ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin.


A golf putter (100) having an alignment aid for aligning the player's head relative to the ball and the putter head (100). In addition to providing alignment along the usual x and y axes, the alignment aid allows precise and repeatable head positioning in the fourth and fifth axes as well. A pair of vertically aligned pins (118, 120) protrude from a back surface (114) of the putter head (100), substantially perpendicular to the putting face of the club. The diameter of the upper pin (120) is less than the diameter of the lower pin (118). The length of the upper pin (120) may be shorter than the length of the lower pin (118). The pins are typically made in contrasting colors. A golfer sights down at the pins and establishes a uniform border of the lower pin (118) visible around the upper pin (120).


This paper proposes a document sharing system, which is scalable and reliable between clients in a distributed network environment. Document sharing system that we have implemented is a real time, synchronized document collaboration and sharing application that enables users to share all Web based and popular productivity application documents over existing network environment.


We consider the capabilities of the tunneling probe of the scanning tunneling microscope as a displacement sensor as distinguished from its better established application to surface imaging. Electromechanical transducers that operate on this principle can achieve very large gain and a noise temperature equal to the minimum required by quantum mechanics for any linear amplifier. We present a two‐port network representation of the tunneling transducer, including noise, that allows us to discuss the differences between the tunneling transducer and more conventional electromechanical transducers and to draw analogies between a tunneling transducer and a transistor. We present a simple equivalent circuit for the tunneling transducer including two uncorrelated noise generators, the tunneling current shot noise and the fluctuating force that the tunneling probe exerts on a test mass. In practice the fluctuating ''back action'' force spectral density is exceedingly small. We give an example of a system in which a...


Abstract : An overview is presented of fundamental and practical insights obtained on scramjet flowpaths during a three year Challenge Project utilizing high fidelity methodologies and advanced postprocessing techniques. Simulations are employed to analyze the principal phenomena, including inlet distortion, fuel-air mixing, ignition and thrust generation at freestream Mach numbers between 6 and 8. In addition to guiding the evolution and execution of high-speed ground and flight experiments, the discovery objective of the project identifies trends and suggests optimization strategies for rapid response and kinetic kill hypersonic vehicles. Three inlet designs are considered, including the traditional rectangular cross-section configuration and two streamline traced variants denoted Scoop and Jaws, each attached to a corresponding cavity-based flame-holding combustor. The simulations reveal the characteristic distortion signature of each design. Parametric analyses provide insight into major performance issues, including the effects of distortion on combustion, injector port configurations and gaseous versus liquid (multi-phase) injection of simple and complex fuels. Some results are consistent with intuition: for example, streamwise-staggered and spanwise-interlaced injectors enhance diffusive mixing. Other findings are not intuitive and point to competing constraints.


Vowel deletion in Yine crucially refers to both morphological and phonological information. It has been argued that the process is only analysable in a theory where the phonology has access to morphology, either on the assumption of different morphological domains of constraint evaluation (Lin 1987, 1997a, b) or on the assumption of morphologically indexed optimality-theoretic constraints (Pater 2009). In contrast, I propose a phonological analysis of vowel deletion in Yine in a parallel Optimality Theory model. The phonology, I assume, has only limited access to morphological information, and can only distinguish between affix and stem material. I argue that the morphemes that trigger deletion of a preceding vowel have a defective underlying representation: they lack a mora, and 'usurp' the mora of a preceding vowel.


Precious corals represent peculiar substrata for several species of boring sponges that exploit their carbonatic scleraxis, strongly decreasing their commercial value. Here we describe a new species of the genus Alectona from Japan recorded in a colony of Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903). The spicular complement of the new species consists of diactinal spicules covered by mushroom-like tubercles, often modified into styloid forms, and fusiform amphiasters with two or sometimes four verticils, each generally made up of six short tubercled rays. A complete survey of the literature on boring sponges recorded in precious corals in the Mediterranean Sea and Pacific Ocean indicates that the species of the family Alectonidae are the most strictly associated to this kind of substratum. Their world distribution, in fact, partially or totally overlap that of their coral hosts.


The development of stripline resonators in the problems of measuring the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent of sheet dielectric materials in the microwave range is described. The results of measurements of the characteristics of the developed strip resonators are presented. The disadvantages and advantages of measuring equipment used in similar measurement methods are described.


In the report we study the mechanisms of phase synchronization in the model of adaptive network of Kuramoto phase oscillators and discuss the possibility of the further application of the obtained results for the analysis of the neural network of brain. In our theoretical study the model network represents itself as the multilayer structure, in which the links between the elements belonging to the different layers are arranged according to the competitive rule. In order to analyze the dynamical states of the multilayer network we calculate and compare the values of local and global order parameter, which describe the degree of coherence between the neighboring nodes and the elements over whole network, respectively. We find that the global synchronous dynamics takes place for the large values of the coupling strength and are characterized by the identical topology of the interacting layers and a homogeneous distribution of the link strength within each layer. We also show that the partial (or cluster) synchronization, occurs for the small values of the coupling strength, lead to the emergence of the scale-free topology, within the layers.


Based on the constructed model of moving mass control for missile, a coupled nonlinear dynamic system by rational simplification is presented. With the request of robustness of the system and the co-ordination of the control of the three masses, nonlinear control theory of slide mode is used to solve the problem of the design of the attitude control for system and fuzzy algorithm is used to restrain the system chattering phenomenon further. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of this method.


The objective of this ongoing study is to provide additional information for characterization of the fish communities of Pen Branch and Indian Grave Branch prior to the restart of K-Reactor.


Objective To observe the retinoic acid induced arsenious acid combined with chemotherapy in the clinical treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia effect.Method Will be included in the 52 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients were randomly divided into four groups,A group of 13 patients taken to retinoic acid and arsenious acid induction combination chemotherapy;B group 13 patients were taken to retinoic acid and chemotherapy;C taken by the group of 13 patients with arsenic trioxide chemotherapy;D group of 13 patients taking chemotherapy,observed treatment effect.Results The treatment effect analysis,A group of patients with symptoms of complete remission rate significantly higher than group B,C,D,and the mortality rate was also significantly lower than the C,D group,compared with obvious differences(P0.05),statistically meaningful;Agroup of patients with high white blood cell viremia duration and symptoms were significantly lower than group B,C,D,compare with a significant difference(P0.05),statistically meaningful.Conclusion Newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients take retinoic acid and arsenious acid induced double effect combined with chemotherapy,but the treatment is more accurate,reliability,worthy of clinical application.


Application of extended cathode for recovery of Cu2+ from dilute acidic solution was studied. The results showed: Compared with conventional plate type electrolysis method, the removing efficiency with extended cathode method was 38% higher, the energy consumption was 20% lower and the pH value of the wastewater from the electrolysis was 1~4, while bigger quantity of wastewater was treated.


This paper explains how to read Yugugok維鳩曲 of which writer has not been known but treated as one of Goryeogayo高麗歌謠, and how to...


Recently, the importance of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been stressed. The discovery of the disease-related gene can disclose disease susceptible or resistant persons, such as noted in persons resistant to AIDSvirus infection. Genetic polymorphism is also important in drug-responsiveness, and also in the occurrence of severe side effects in each patient. Azathioprine is one of the most frequently used immunosuppressants in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polyand dermato-myositis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Although infrequent, we sometimes experience marked leukopenia during the treatment with azathioprine, which forced us to stop use of the drug immediately. Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine are


We isolated and characterized eight anonymous microsatellite loci in the mangrove mud-nesting ant, Polyrhachis sokolova. Three to 18 alleles were detected in 20 female workers collected from individual colonies at one location and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.45 to 0.85. These microsatellite loci will be useful in studies on mating strategy, colony and population structure in P. sokolova.


A permutation is called simple if its only blocks i.e. subsets of the permutation consist of singleton and the permutation itself. For example, 2134 is not a simple permutation since it consists of a block 213 but 3142 is a simple permutation. The basis of a class of permutations is a set of patterns, which is minimal under involvement and do not belong to the permutation. In this paper we prove that the number of simple permutations an of the pattern class Av(321;3412) follows the recurrence an = ani1+ani2 for n ' 4 and the pattern class Av(321;4123) follows the recurrence an = ani2+ani3 for n ' 7. Thus, these pattern classes have polynomial growth.


Abstract. This work is a continuation of [6]. We study the time-asymptotic behavior of solutionsto the general Navier-Stokes equations in odd multi-dimensions. Through the pointwise estimates ofthe Green's function of the linearized system, we obtain explicit expressions of the time-asymptoticbehavior of the solutions and exhibit the weak Huygen's principle.Key words. compressible flow, conservation laws, general Navier-Stokes equation, multi-dimensions, Green's function, pointwise estimateAMS subject classifications. 35L65, 76N15 1. Introduction. In this paper we derive a detailed description of the asymp-totic behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the general Navier-Stokes sys-tems of conservation laws in several space dimensionsρ t +div (ρv) = 0(ρv j ) t +div (ρv j v)+P(ρ,e) x j = e△v j +ηdivv x j ,(j = 1,··· ,n),(ρE) t +div(ρEv +P(ρ,e)v) = △(κT(e)+ 12 e|v| 2 )+ediv((∇v)v) +(η −e)div((divv)v),(1.1)with smooth initial data close to a constant state. Here ρ(x,t),v(x,t),e(x,t),P =P(ρ,e) and T(e) represent, respectively, the fluid density, velocity, specific internalenergy, pressure and normalized temperature, and E = e +


This article presents analyses from an original database of 1,164 civil society groups that received funding from the European Commission from 2003 to 2007, compiled from funding documents recently released through the European Transparency Initiative, and identifies the empirical patterns behind Commission funding behaviour. Based on the literature on input legitimacy, one would expect the Commission to seek to achieve balance across Member States and across diffuse and specific interests. Based on the literature on European integration which argues the EU has preferentially supported Euro groups, one would expect the Commission to support groups that promote pan‐Europeanism and are organized at the European Union (EU) level. The data analysis shows that groups which promote a European identity, democracy and civic engagement and intercultural exchange, as well as those that are organized at the EU level, receive stronger support from the Commission. Additionally, groups based in the old Member States of western Europe receive significantly more funding than those in central and eastern Europe. The database is freely available to scholars online.


Directed-energy weapons systems could provide efficient, cost-effective
countermeasures in an age of drones and other airborne threats. Recent scientific
and engineering breakthroughs are bringing these systems closer to
deployment.


In the 21st century, a great interest is devoted to biomedical application of various nanoparticles, particularly, as a means of improving the effectiveness of therapy for different diseases. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most studied and investigated type of nanoparticles. Due to the wide spectrum of their action, silver nanoparticles may be used both to influence pathogenic microorganisms and to improve the treatment of cancer. The basic physico-chemical characteristics and stabilizing agents play an important modifying role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nanoparticles, determining the severity of the caused effect and their potential toxicity. This review summarizes the main physico-chemical properties of AgNPs and their impact on the biological effects. Additionally, biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of silver nanoparticles activity against various microorganisms and tumor cells are considered. Finally, we address the problems, associated with determining the optimal characteristics of nanoparticles, in order to increase their efficiency and reduce their toxicity for the macroorganism.


The relationship between an oestrogen receptor (ESR) gene and reproductive traits in 11 Large White (LW), 19 Landrace (L), 22 Meishan (MS), 22 Meishan × Large White (MS × LW) F 1 , 26 Large White × Meishan (LW × MS) F 1 , 16 Landrace × Large White (L × LW) F 1 and nine Large White × Landrace (LW × L) F 1 female populations was studied. Reproductive characteristics and some performance data were analyzed for associations with ESR genotype, parity and breed. The ESR genotype was associated with length of oviduct (LO). Uterine weight (UW), LO and the weight of two ovaries (OW) of purebred Meishan and LW × MS females were higher than those of purebred Large White and MS × LW females. In Large White and Meishan crosses, crossbreds with Meishan dams had higher UW, LO, uterine horn length (LUH) and OW than pigs with Large White dams. Significant effects of paternal breed of sire were observed for LO and OW. In Large White and Landrace combinations, differences in values between purebred and crossbred animals were found for UW and LO. However, maternal breed effects were not detected for UW, LO, LUH, OW. A significant effect of paternal breed of sire was observed for LO. Females with Landrace sires had a larger LO than females with Large White sires. Keywords : Pig, ESR locus, female reproductive tract components, breed effects South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 36 (4) 2006: pp. 243-247


The effect of liquid solution composition, oxygen, and temperature on the alpha / BETA ratio was studied on liquid scintillators. (tr-auth)


Relevance. In case of stationary water injection to maintain reservoir pressure, a surplus irrigation of producing wells is observed. Premature watering is associated with high heterogeneity of reservoirs, high oil viscosity, bottom water and intensive water injection. The use of cyclical flooding allows increasing formation coverage of the impact and the current oil recovery rate. The increase in oil production from the use of the method reaches 4 %; water withdrawal from the reservoir is reduced. The aim of the research is to investigate the efficiency of using cyclic flooding on deposits with high-viscosity oil, assess the most effective duration of the periods of operation and shutdown of injection and production wells to achieve the greatest gains in oil production. Object: the area of carbonate reservoir with high-viscosity oil. The average water content of wells in the reservoir is 77,1 %, with 49 % oil recovery. The site is operated by one injection well located in the center and nine producing wells along the perimeter of the oil-water contact. In the conditions under consideration, it is necessary to introduce methods to increase the coverage of the paste and reduce water content. Methods: determination of optimal technologies for cyclic water injection and complex non-stationary effects, hydrodynamic modeling of cyclic effects on a section of an oil field. Results. The authors have considered various options for injection well operation with implementation of cyclic flooding. It was obtained that the ratio of work duration and well shutdown, provided 100 % compensation, does not practically affect the simulation result. During the cyclical operation of the injection well, the increase in oil production occurs by 3,6 % compared with the base case. Greater technological effect is possible with a complex effect – periodic shutdown of both injection and production wells. In the case of a complex effect, the cumulative oil production at the reservoir site increases by 10,6 % compared with the base case.


We investigate explosive nucleosynthesis in a non-rotating 15 M☉ star with solar metallicity that explodes by a neutrino-heating supernova (SN) mechanism aided by both standing accretion shock instability (SASI) and convection. To trigger explosions in our two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we approximate the neutrino transport with a simple light-bulb scheme and systematically change the neutrino fluxes emitted from the protoneutron star. By a post-processing calculation, we evaluate abundances and masses of the SN ejecta for nuclei with a mass number ⩽70, employing a large nuclear reaction network. Aspherical abundance distributions, which are observed in nearby core-collapse SN remnants, are obtained for the non-rotating spherically symmetric progenitor, due to the growth of a low-mode SASI. The abundance pattern of the SN ejecta is similar to that of the solar system for models whose masses range between (0.4–0.5) M☉ of the ejecta from the inner region (⩽10, 000 km) of the precollapse core. For the models, the explosion energies and the 56Ni masses are ≃ 1051erg and (0.05–0.06) M☉, respectively; their estimated baryonic masses of the neutron star are comparable to the ones observed in neutron-star binaries. These findings may have little uncertainty because most of the ejecta is composed of matter that is heated via the shock wave and has relatively definite abundances. The abundance ratios for Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe observed in the Cygnus loop are reproduced well with the SN ejecta from an inner region of the 15 M☉ progenitor.