(57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & Kluth, P.A. A low cost Sensorless technique for attenuating an actuating Attn: Richard E. Billion force experienced by the actuator arm assembly due to an P.O. Box 2938 external vibration and shock during a track following opera Minneapolis, MN 55402 (US) tion includes, in one example embodiment, measuring an applied signal and a position error Signal during the track following operation within a Sampling time. Then, the (73) Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC method includes the Step of computing an acceleration Signal from the measured position error Signal. Further, the method includes comparing the acceleration signal with the (21) Appl. No.: 09/792,310 applied signal to obtain a correction Signal. Then, the force experienced by the actuator arm due to the external vibration and shock is attenuated by filtering the correction signal (22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2001 using one or more low-pass frequency filters.


The experiments for 2D triangulation ranging accuracy show that,under large vi- sual angle condition,the 2D triangulation ranging error is obviously increased.Applying the pinhole imaging instead of normal lens imaging,the large visual angle abaxial light aberra- tion of lens is demonstrated to be the main reason for the ranging error,and an empirical remedy equation is proposed,which can obviously improve ranging accuracy and speed.The experiment results show that,in the 50 mm×50 mm work region corresponding to the visual angle as large as 80°,the average ranging error in x and y direction is better than 2 mm,the average resolutions in x and y direction are 0.2 mm and 0.1 mm respectively.


A statistical expression, showing as a function of the film parameter (film thickness/surface roughness or h/σ) the fractional reduction in fatigue life at "full film" conditions due to the competition between asperity induced fatigue and fatigue due to indigenous surface defects and subsurface inclusions, is presented. Several sources of endurance test data relating the fatigue life of a rolling bearing to the film parameter are reviewed. To unify the experimental data a "relative" fatigue life raised to the power of e, the Weibull dispersion parameter, is plotted against the film parameter. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental results are then made which reveal that the increase in bearing fatigue life due to the film parameter can be described by the theoretical model with a "reference" film parameter value of 1.5 for h/σ > 0.5. For h/σ < 0.5, the variation of h/σ explains only a minor portion of the scatter of the fatigue lives. Presented at the 29th Annual Meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, ...


Fast charging stations of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) will play an important role to support future low-carbon transportation network, which could also bring challenges to future power distribution network. To this end, this paper proposes a coordinated planning approach to optimize the location and capacity of PEV fast charging stations considering transportation-power distribution network couplings. The total profits of PEV fast charging stations are maximized through the optimization of the locations as well as the number of chargers and waiting spaces. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been further confirmed through a series of simulation results.


The aim of this study was to isolate and identify fungi on the external surfaces of adult house fly, Musca domestica and the blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala. These flies were collected from two districts in Northeastern Thailand: Muang and Warinchamrap in Ubon Ratchathani province, in September 2010. The main fungi isolated were Mucorales, followed by Yeast, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. However, various species were identified including Aspergillus fumigatus, Gliocladium spp., Fusarium spp., Orechslera spp., Scedosporium apiospermum, Cladosporium spp. and Nocardia spp. This study demonstrated that both adult; M. domestica and C. megacephala have the ability to function as carriers for fungal spores and might be important in the transmission of fungi to humans in this area.


We obtain new characterizations of Li–Yorke chaos for linear operators on Banach and Fréchet spaces. We also offer conditions under which an operator admits a dense set or linear manifold of irregular vectors. Some of our general results are applied to composition operators and adjoint multipliers on spaces of holomorphic functions.


The approximate controllability of fractional linear evolution systems is
 considered in this paper. Firstly, the definitions of the mild solution and
 the approximate controllability of fractional linear evolution systems are
 obtained by using the theory of C?semigroups. Secondly, a new set of
 necessary and sufficient conditions are established to examine that linear
 system is approximately controllable with the help of symmetric operator.
 Moreover, the restricted condition of the state space is weakened by means
 of the dual mapping. Finally, as applications, the approximate
 controllability of nonlinear evolution systems are derived under the
 assumption that the corresponding linear system is approximately
 controllable. Our work essentially improves and generalized the
 corresponding results which are based on strongly continuous semigroups.


Due to the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid geographical dispersion responsible for the spread of COVID-19 disease, the adoption of risk prevention and containment strategies were established. Social distancing was one of these measures, which resulted in major impacts on the educational system, causing the suspension of face-to-face classes for an indefinite period. Considering this scenario, institutions and teachers sought strategies for remote educational activities as an alternative to keep students active and close. This study contextualizes Emergency Remote Education and analyzes didactic practices, as well as the results of a free online course on creative fashion illustration. The type of research used was descriptive, and as a method of data collection, the case study. The results expose the experience with remote teaching, procedures, resources and the contents that made up the course.


The world in which the contemporary child is conceived and raised is one that is increasingly monitored, analysed and manipulated through technological processes. Simultaneously, expectations for the child are changing as new tools and practices for quantifying, managing and predicting achievements and future possibilities become available. Algorithms as ways of anticipating, doing or fixing are central to these technological processes. These intersect with and are informed by social, cultural and political discourses that imagine the 'ideal' child. Therefore, this article explores the power of algorithms within the everyday of the child. Drawing upon examples of quantification and prediction practices in the commercial and state sectors, the article raises questions about the issues, challenges and politics of these types of algorithmic approaches in raising and imagining the 'ideal child'.


The neutral point clamped AC-side cascaded H-bridge (NPC-AC-CHB) converter has been proposed as a low volume alternative to the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for medium voltage DC networks. It is known that due to the slow switching of the main bridge large current distortion is observed on the DC-side and thus require a DC-side filter, usually given as a passive LC filter in the literature. However, design and dimensioning of the required DC filters has not been addressed in the literature. This paper considers the design of a passive LC filter topology and shows that such a solution would requires a very high DC capacitance to achieve a suitably low harmonic current on the DC-side. This large DC filter undermines the stated low volume benefits of the NPC-AC-CHB and therefore the DC filter topology must be reconsidered. Thus this paper investigates the use of both tuned passive filters and active filters to reduce the DC filter passive component size. It is shown that both designs provide significant improvements over the LC filter case, but the active filter provides the greatest reduction. Finally, simulation results are presented for verification of the design analysis.


In order to research on the ride comfort of metro vehicles on irregular track with different wave lengths,through simulation of the time domain sample of track irregularity,the effect of track irregularity sample with different cut-off frequencies on vertical vibration of vehicles is analyzed,the effect and regular pattern of the track irregularity frequency or wave length on the ride comfort of metro vehicles are obtained.The result shows that,from the angle of suppressing vertical vibration of carbodies,the track irregularity with the wave length of 10m~30 m should be strictly controlled.


Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion with drug-line of Zhuang medicine causing acu-points of heat treating rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:To use the method of moxibustion with drug-line of Zhuang medicine causing acu-points of heat to treat 30 cases of rheumatoid arthritis.Results:After treatment for eight weeks,the total effective rate was 96.7%;compared before treatment,the data showed statistically significant improvement in the main symptoms and signs(P0.05 or P0.01);measurements of CRP,ESR and Rf were smaller than that before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion:The method of moxibustion with drug-line of Zhuang medicine causing acu-points of heat treating rheumatoid arthritis shows good effect in clinic practice.


Abstract : This thesis examines the following potential scenarios for the unification of the Korean peninsula and discusses their pros and cons: (1) the collapse of the North Korean government followed by its absorption into South Korea's current governmental structure; (2) a possible Free Trade Area (FTA) encompassing the Korean peninsula with the potential to expand to neighboring nations; and (3) the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) within North Korea using business practices from both South Korea and China to strengthen their economic and national ties. A matrix of five variables will be used to measure the effectiveness of each scenario. The variables are time, cost, stability, international acceptance, and trust between the two Korean states. The scenarios also will be examined through the lens of the theory of economic interdependence. The hypothesized end state would encompass a single Korean nation that actively participates in the international community while remaining free of nuclear weapons. The author dedicates a section of the thesis to how this nation might emerge on the international scene and how its neighbors might view it.


The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn‐, altered granite‐ and greisen‐type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore‐forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE‐enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE‐enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen‐type ore and skarn‐type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite‐type and greisen‐type ores are higher than those associated with skarn‐type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ13C and δ18O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ13C versus δ18O, probably owing to the CO2‐degassing of the ore‐forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall‐rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ13C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore‐bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore‐forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.


The aim of this study is the creative figure design based on the famous Chinese ancient story, namely "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", as a source. A comprehensive literature review was made about the culture and background of the story. A market research on the current development of exciting figures was made. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey was made in order to reveal the preference of targeted population for the conceptual design of the figures. A creative figure design process was proposed, based on integrating with both transitional sculpture techniques and digital sculpturing. As regards, four figures were made, following by an interview with expertise to have their comments for further improvement. It hopes that this research could stimulate the fashion trend of the figure design with more Chinese identity for the young generation, which in turns helps to promote the cultural continuity of Chinese.


Ants, bees, wasps, bark beetles, and other species have haploid males and diploid females. Although such haplodiploid species play key ecological roles and are threatened by environmental changes, no general framework exists for simulating their genetic evolution. Here, we use the SLiM simulation environment to build a novel model for individual-based forward simulation of genetic evolution in haplodiploid populations. We compare the fates of adaptive and deleterious mutations and find that selection is more effective in haplodiploid species than in diploid species. Our open-source model will help understand the evolution of sociality and how ecologically important species may adapt to changing environments.


Table lookups are one of the most frequently-used operations in symmetric key ciphers. Particularly in the newer algorithms such as the advanced encryption standard (AES), we frequently find that the greatest fraction of the execution time is spent during table lookups, varying between 34% and 72% for the five representative ciphers we consider: AES, Blowfish, Twofish, MARS, and RC4. In order to accelerate and parallelize these table lookups, we describe a new parallel table lookup (ptlu) instruction. Our synthesis results indicate that such an instruction can be added to a basic RISC processor with no cycle time impact. We compare the performance of the ptlu instruction with the speedups available through more conventional architectural techniques such as multiple-issue execution. We find that the performance benefits of using the ptlu instruction can be far higher than increasing the number of instructions executed per cycle in superscalar or VLIW processors.


Abstract Natural vegetation can be effectively classified and stratified for resource inventory purposes in a Landsat-based automated procedure which utilizes three key elements of photointerpretation—tone, texture and terrain. Inventory analysis is accomplished by employing information derived from registered spectral and digital terrain databases. Tonal information is supplied by one or more Landsat digital images, and textural information is derived from the spectral data as the standard deviation of brightness values within a small window moving across the Landsat image. Terrain data are obtained from the U.S. National Cartographic Information Center digital terrain tapes, containing information derived from 1:250 000 topographic maps. These data are used to construct a digital terrain model from which elevation, slope angle, and slope aspect are obtained. The stratification procedure uses an unsupervised clustering algorithm to identify a large number of narrowly defined classes in the multichannel d...


The ISO9000 quality standards have been used extensively in setting up quality assurance management systems. This paper first analyzes the application of the eight quality management principles in the educational institution, then discusses the necessity and essentiality of Quality Certification of Education Management.


In this article, we use the Set Theoretic Approach (STA) to determine the extent of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria from 1981 to 2015. Our main findings generally indicate a weak level of policy coordination estimated to be 17%. A further disaggregation of the results showed that the highest level of coordination of 36.4% occurred during the period of low growth and high inflation. However, there was no evidence of coordination during periods of high GDP growth and inflation. These findings point to the obvious need for fiscal and monetary authorities to strengthen policy coordination towards enhanced macroeconomic stability.


Plasma Enhance Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) system is the mainly method to deposit amorphous silicon and micro-crystal film currently. It is a difficult task to enhance the deposition rate, quality of thin film and high uniformity deposition at the same time, because the quality of plasma in chamber is not easy to control. Besides, the qualities of plasma varies under different parameters, which increase the difficulty to predict them. Also, it is hard to measure and analyze the variation of particles in plasma experimentally; therefore, this study applies two dimensional fluid model in ESI CFD-ACE+ to simulate SiH4/H2 plasma. Though simulation, we can understand the basic qualities of plasma and the density and distribution of radicals, and analyze the variations of different powers, pressures and H2 dilution ratios in plasma. In the results of simulations, the different distributions of the important radicals ( SiH2 and SiH3 ) in plasma chiefly due to different production mechanisms. SiH2 is produced by the collisions between SiH4 and electrons; SiH3 is generated by the chemical reaction between SiH4 and H. With further analyzing, we realize that SiH2 and SiH3 have opposite density trend with the variation of pressure is because of different production mechanisms. In other words, with the increase of pressure, SiH2 decrease while SiH3 increase. Thus, the SiH* spectrum intensity measured by OES can't accurately response to the effects on SIH3 particles under different pressures. Finally, the change of SiH3 flux under different variation of parameters is used to represent the effect of deposition rates of thin silicon film. The ratio of H/SiH3 flux represents the variation of crystallized rate of silicon thin film. Compared with the experiment, comparative results are achieved in the simulations .


Cyber-physical systems represent a new emerging field in automatic control. The fault system is a key component, because modern, large scale processes must meet high standards of performance, reliability and safety. Fault propagation in large scale chemical processes can lead to loss of production, energy, raw materials and even environmental hazard. The present paper develops a multi-agent fault-tolerant control architecture using robust fractional order controllers for a (13C) cryogenic separation column cascade. The JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework) platform was used to implement the multi-agent fault tolerant control system while the operational model of the process was implemented in Matlab/SIMULINK environment. MACSimJX (Multiagent Control Using Simulink with Jade Extension) toolbox was used to link the control system and the process model. In order to verify the performance and to prove the feasibility of the proposed control architecture several fault simulation scenarios were performed.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely gaining fame since it has theoretically unavoidable unlimited applications. Security stays a significant challenge for WSN because for a few feeble substances like open remote medium, dynamic topology, absence of centralized infrastructure and intermittent network connectivity. Dark gap assault is a sort of Denial of Service (DoS) attack, which influences reliability of a system by diverting and dropping genuine packets in the system. Black hole attack ends up being progressively extraordinary when number of threatening nodes participate to show Black hole attack in the framework, which is named as a helpful black hole attack. In this paper, we showed an Enhanced Detection and Prevention Mechanism for Black hole Attack (EDPMBA) Trust Model to save the assurance from single and helpful black hole attack. EDPMBA additionally shows better execution as far delay and packet conveyance proportion.


Objective: To discuss the effect of comprehensive nursing on uremia accompanied heart failure during hemodialysis. Methods: 90 patients with uremia accompanied heart failure during hemodialysis from Oct. 2010- Oct. 2013 were divided into control group and observation group. The patients in the control group were received normal nursing model,while the observation group received nursing intervention. To compare the effect of two groups. Results:The effect of observation group was better than that of control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing for uremia patients with hemodialysi could improve the condition of heart function,decrease the negative emotions.


In the current context of climate change discussions, predictions of future scenarios of weather and climate are crucial for the generation of information of interest to the global community. Due to the atmosphere being a chaotic system, errors in predictions of future scenarios are systematically observed. Therefore, numerous techniques have been tested in order to generate more reliable predictions, and two techniques have excelled in science: dynamic downscaling, through regional models, and ensemble prediction, combining different outputs of climate models through the arithmetic average, in other words, a postprocessing of the output data species. Thus, this paper proposes a method of postprocessing outputs of regional climate models. This method consists in using the statistical tool multiple linear regression by principal components for combining different simulations obtained by dynamic downscaling with the regional climate model (RegCM4). Tests for the Amazon and Northeast region of Brazil (South America) showed that the method provided a more realistic prediction in terms of average daily rainfall for the analyzed period prescribed, after comparing with the prediction made by set through the arithmetic averages of the simulations. This method photographed the extreme events (outlier) that the prediction by averaging failed. Data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were used to evaluate the method.


AbstractBiorefineries are increasing in number and size and include products based on food, energy, and chemicals. Depending on size and targeted products, biorefineries produce distillation bottoms with surfactant characteristics in sufficient quantities that can be used as a warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technology. Isosorbide distillation bottoms (IDB), having amphiphilic properties much like a classical ionic surfactant, are derived as coproducts of bio-based chemical production and show potential for reducing mixing and compaction temperatures as well as having low-temperature performance grade (PG) benefits. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance and potential of IDB as an asphalt additive through asphalt binder testing and mixture testing. Binder gradations were conducted for multiple binders at several dosage rates to verify compatibility with various petroleum crude sources and determine the optimum dosage level. Testing indicates promising results and shows an optimal dosage rate at...


It is very imporant to renew the sense of running a school for the construction and management of laboratory. Its importance was discussed from three aspects in view of the causes and backgrounds of the problems existed in part of the universities.


Appeals for charitable contributions are often designed to increase prosocial behavior by reminding potential donors of their good luck or fortune. Across 4 studies, we show that the experience or recall of bad luck can also lead to prosocial behavior. In Study 1, using archival data, we find that individuals experiencing bad luck related to employment status are more likely to give food and money to the homeless compared to those who are not in such situations. In Study 2, using an online sample, we find that recalling a prior experience of bad luck leads people to behave prosocially by volunteering their time to help someone. In Study 3, using a laboratory experiment wherein experienced bad luck is manipulated, we explore the psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between the experience of bad luck and prosocial behaviors. We suggest and find that the experience of bad luck decreases psychological distance between the focal actor and the beneficiary, which, in turn, results in prosocial beh...


The blast furnace is a large counter-current chemical reactor that produces liquid iron by reduction of coke/ferrous materials. The radial distribution of granular feed materials significantly affects the gas flow distribution and burden descent behaviour and consequently the process operational efficiency and stability. Notwithstanding the importance of burden distribution control, operating conditions inside the furnace make direct sensing of burden distribution difficult and operators rely on numerical models for operational design. In recent years, it has become practical to apply the discrete element method to model and understand the layer formation process in burden distribution. The modelling simulates coke and sinter particles of different particle sizes. Full charge cycle is simulated with coke particles and ferrous pellets discharged over 16 and 10 rings respectively at different angles. The layer formation for each ring is traced and analysed. The factors which have strong effects on burden distribution and considered for study are coke collapse, thickness of burden layers, and fall height to the burden surface. For the distribution pattern studied, it was found that the coke particles experienced 'collapse' phenomena where the surface of the coke layer is disrupted and moved towards the centre of the furnace when impacted by the subsequent ferrous rings. Application of DEM to burden distribution provides an effective tool to investigate the complex burden distribution of the blast furnace iron-making process.


Significance As a repressor of transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) III, Maf1 is thought to play an important role in the energetic economy of cells by controlling the synthesis of highly abundant tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Accordingly, Maf1 knockout mice are lean, resist weight gain on normal and high fat diets, and up-regulate catabolic processes to meet their increased demand for cellular energy. The origin of this energy demand is proposed to reside in a futile cycle of RNA synthesis and turnover that is enhanced by constitutive Pol III transcription. We present metabolomic evidence supporting this mechanism. We find that central metabolic pathways are reprogrammed in the liver of Maf1 knockout mice to direct substrates toward energy generation and nucleotide synthesis. As a master negative regulator of RNA polymerase (Pol) III, Maf1 modulates transcription in response to nutrients and stress to balance the production of highly abundant tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other small noncoding RNAs with cell growth and maintenance. This regulation of Pol III transcription is important for energetic economy as mice lacking Maf1 are lean and resist weight gain on normal and high fat diets. The lean phenotype of Maf1 knockout (KO) mice is attributed in part to metabolic inefficiencies which increase the demand for cellular energy and elevate catabolic processes, including autophagy/lipophagy and lipolysis. A futile RNA cycle involving increased synthesis and turnover of Pol III transcripts has been proposed as an important driver of these changes. Here, using targeted metabolomics, we find changes in the liver of fed and fasted Maf1 KO mice consistent with the function of mammalian Maf1 as a chronic Pol III repressor. Differences in long-chain acylcarnitine levels suggest that energy demand is higher in the fed state of Maf1 KO mice versus the fasted state. Quantitative metabolite profiling supports increased activity in the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the urea cycle and reveals changes in nucleotide levels and the creatine system. Metabolite profiling also confirms key predictions of the futile RNA cycle hypothesis by identifying changes in many metabolites involved in nucleotide synthesis and turnover. Thus, constitutively high levels of Pol III transcription in Maf1 KO mice reprogram central metabolic pathways and waste metabolic energy through a futile RNA cycle.


Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in several cancers. Today's tumor targeting is receiving more attention due to its specificity to target receptor-dependent cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 99mTc-HYNIC-(tricine)-(Ser)3-LTVPWY peptide for tumor targeting and imaging with overexpression of HER2. HYNIC-(Ser)3-LTVPWY peptide was labeled with 99mTc using tricine as a co-ligand at room temperature. Specific binding of this radiolabeled peptide was assessed on four cancer cell lines with different levels of HER2 receptor expression. Also the affinity of 99mTc-HYNIC-(tricine)-(Ser)3-LTVPWY peptide to the HER2 receptor was evaluated in the SKOV-3 cell line. Biodistribution study of this radiolabeled peptide was performed in SKOV-3 tumor bearing nude mice. The HYNIC conjugated peptide was simply labeled with 99mTc radionuclide with high labeling efficiency about 98±1% showing favorable stability in normal saline and human serum. In the presence of unlabeled peptide as competitor, the HER2 binding capacity of the radiolabeled peptide reduced (approximately five-fold). The KD and Bmax values were found 2.6±0.5 nM and (2.6±0.1)×106, respectively. The tumor/muscle ratios for this radiotracer were determined 1.17±0.77, 1.15±0.32 and 2.65±0.32 at 1, 2 and 4 h after injection, respectively. Presaturation of HER2 receptors in SKOV-3 xenografted nude mice showed a reduction in the tumor/muscle ratio confirming in vivo specificity of the peptide. According to SPECT imaging, the tumor was visualized in mouse after 4 h postinjection of radiolabeled peptide. 99mTc-HYNIC-(tricine)-(Ser)3-LTVPWY peptide exhibited overexpressed HER2 tumor targeting.


In the clinical practice the concerns about the administration of hypnotics and analgesics for minimally invasive diagnostics and therapeutic procedures have enormously increased in recent years. The automatic detection of changes in the signals used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia is hence of foremost importance in order to decide how to adapt administered doses to patients undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of this work is to online detect changes in depth of anesthesia signals of patients undergoing general anesthesia. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using bispectral index records. The results show that the changes detected by the proposed method are in accordance with the actions of the clinicians. This fact and the good results that were obtained support the online validation of the proposed advisory system for changes detection in depth of anesthesia signal in a real clinical environment.


This article analyzes the results of monitoring of the national press publications devoted to the oil industry problems. The author compared the number of documents that mention the terms of the «oil» and «Oilman» with the number of publications about the other important sectors of the economy in various publications. The analysis allowed us to formulate a conclusion that the frequency of references to the oil and gas industry compared to other industries is much higher, but at the same time is less than the frequency of references to sectors such as education and health. The study also showed that the frequency of references to the problems of the oil industry affects the thematic and ideological orientation of the analyzed media.


This article explores how Karl Barth's theo-anthropology might serve as a resource for the practice of preaching in politically polarized congregational contexts. The article briefly reviews current research on mass polarization in the United States, particularly in relation to social identity, and considers how this dynamic problematizes preaching on political and social issues in politically diverse Protestant congregations. It then traces the contours of Karl Barth's theological anthropology, highlighting a few key features. It concludes with a consideration of the implications of Barth's human being in becoming to bear on the question of preaching to political others, considering what might resist external forces that polarize and support all hearers in their struggle to correspond to who they are in Jesus Christ.


The role of international trade in the economy. The "great trade collapse": causes and consequences. The role of China: emerging or advanced economy?


The main challenge that one has to face during the atmospheric correction (AC) of productive inland waters is the inability to correctly separate aerosol radiance from water-leaving radiance in the near-infrared range (NIR) bands. This leads both to incorrect estimates of the aerosol parameters and the remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs). For the Gorky Reservoir, where we are developing regional bio-optical models, the situation is complicated by the lack of field measurements of aerosol optical properties due to the significant remoteness of AERONET stations. The standard AC algorithms, as shown earlier, greatly overestimated the aerosol radiance in all spectral bands up to red bands during the period of intense cyanobacteria blooms, while the algorithm with a fixed aerosol optical depth (AOD) obtained in a clean water area gave encouraging results. Therefore, it was important to investigate the characteristics of the atmosphere above the reservoir and validate the proposed approach for regular use of Sentinel-3 imagery of the Gorky Reservoir. To solve these issues, regular in situ aerosol measurements using the handheld sun photometer SPM were performed. The measured AOD and the Angstrom exponent were compared with the estimates of these parameters from two Sentinel-3/OLCI Level-2 products, namely, Synergy (SYN) and Water Full Resolution products (OL_2_WFR). It was found that AOD and the Angstrom exponent from these standard products were overestimated by 2–3 times and almost 2 times in all cases. Atmospheric correction with fixed AOD, defined by measurements, allows us to completely get rid of negative Rrs, and its shapes and values became typical for the Gorky Reservoir. Despite the overestimation of AOD in traditional AC and its large variations in general, it was found that the minimum AOD spectrum is close to the measured spectrum. Therefore, the AOD spectra, which correspond to the two percentiles of the distribution, can be used for preliminary AC with a fixed AOD of the Sentinel-3/OLCI imaginary. The relative errors of the Rrs retrievals using the two percentile AOD compared to the measured AOD were 3–35% in the green and red bands of Sentinel-3/OLCI.


A novel non-fullerene small molecule acceptor named DPPMDPC6 with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as central moiety and methyl-dioxocyano-pyridine (MDP) units as two branches has been designed and synthesized. Benefitted from the quinoidal MDP segment, the molecule exhibits effective electron delocalization extending to the near infrared (NIR) region absorption with narrow bandgap of 1.42[Formula: see text]eV. The acceptor also displayed intrinsic properties with good thermal stability, and matched energy levels with various donor materials especially for the commercial polymer PTB7. Under optimized condition, the devices fabricated by forming PTB7:DPPMDPC6 blend films yield a moderate PCE of 5.80% with a [Formula: see text] of 0.84[Formula: see text]V, a [Formula: see text] of 12.94[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], and an FF of 53.4%. This preliminary study demonstrates that the new acceptor tailored with quinoidal MDP units could lead to enhancement on the low energy absorption band that is favorable for the photovoltaic performances.


Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of grafting on nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in mini-watermelon plants. In the first study, mini-watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb.] Matsum. and Nakai cv. Minirossa) either ungrafted or grafted onto Macis, Vita (Lagenaria siceraria [Mol.] Standl.), PS1313, and RP15 (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) rootstocks grown in hydroponics were compared in terms of shoot dry biomass, leaf area, root-to-shoot ratio, SPAD index, shoot N uptake, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity 40 d after transplantation in response to nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM of NO 3 ). In the second experiment, the suitability of a selected rootstock with high NUE (Vita) to improve crop performance and NUE of grafted mini-watermelon plants was evaluated under field conditions. In the hydroponic experiment mini-watermelon grafted onto Vita rootstock needed the lowest nitrate concentration (1.31 mM of NO3) in the nutrient solution to reach half maximum shoot dry weight. Total leaf area, SPAD index, and shoot N uptake increased in response to an increase of N concentration in the nutrient solution. At 2.5 mM NO 3 , mini-watermelon grafted on either Vita or RP15 had the highest NR activity whereas no significant difference was observed at 10 mM NO 3 . The open-field study indicated that increasing N-fertilization rates from 0 to 100kg ha–1 improved total and marketable yields of mini-watermelon plants while decreasing NUE. When averaged over N levels, the marketable yield, NUE, N-uptake efficiency, and N-utilization efficiency were significantly higher by 39%, 38%, 21%, and 17%, respectively, in Minirossa grafted onto Vita compared to ungrafted Minirossa plants. Therefore, grafting miniwatermelon plants onto selected rootstocks can be used as a quick and effective method for improving productivity and NUE.


Numerous modelling methods have been developed for defining aspects of industrial and other processes. Furthermore, such methods have been either used or proposed for modelling construction processes. As part of the international MoPo-project, the requirements of industrial endusers for such tools, as well as the characteristics of available methods, have been studied. In this paper an analysis of six such methods is presented. The concepts and graphical notation of each method are illustrated using a simple example of making the basement of a summerhouse with a sauna. Additionally, the concepts of each method have been modelled using a uniform methodology, the EXPRESS information modelling language. Based on the analysis a new method called GEPM (generic process modelling method) is proposed. The method is defined on the semantic level, as its main purpose would be to enable the storing of process descriptions in a database format, enabling multiple-user views to the same information. A simple prototype application has been developed to demonstrate the functionality of the method.


This article describes the Sensor Fish, an instrument package that travels through hydroelectric dams collecting data on the hazardous conditions that migrating salmon smolt encounter. The Sensor Fish was developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with funding from DOE and the US Army Corps of Engineers and has been used at several federal and utility-run hydroelectric projects on the Snake and Columbia Rivers of the US Pacific Northwest. The article describes the evolution of the Sensor Fish design and provides examples of its use at McNary and Ice Harbor dams.


Prawn is one of the popular seafood species that belong to crustacean family and also suborder dendrobrachiata. Several different types of prawns had been found in seawater and fresh Water. Some of the species are marine and some of the species also can be found in both fresh water and brackish water. Prawn can be found in mangrove area. In this study, the diversity of prawn species had been investigated. Stake net had been used to study the diversity of prawn species involve the installation of these nets at three stations. The depth of the net that being installed are about 10 metre, 30 metre and more than 90 metre respectively. Station l is a freshwater station while Station 2 and Station 3 are marine area. Classification of prawns was based on the morphology according to 'The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Shrimp and prawns (FAO, 1998). The prawns were classified to determine the name of their species and which prawn species dominated Delta Tumpat. Based on this study, eight species of prawn had been found in Delta Tumpat. There were Litopenaeus vannamei Macrobranchium rosenbergi, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus ensis, Metapenaeus ajfinis, Fenneropenaeus penicillatus, Metapenaeus lysianassa. The result was found that Penaeus indicus had dominated the area with the number of 100.


Significance High-dimensional generalized linear models are basic building blocks of current data analysis tools including multilayers neural networks. They arise in signal processing, statistical inference, machine learning, communication theory, and other fields. We establish rigorously the intrinsic information-theoretic limitations of inference and learning for a class of randomly generated instances of generalized linear models, thus closing several decades-old conjectures. Moreover, we delimit regions of parameters for which the optimal error rates are efficiently achievable with currently known algorithms. Our proof technique is able to deal with the output nonlinearity and is hence of independent interest, opening ways to establish similar results for models of neural networks where nonlinearities are essential but in general difficult to account for. Generalized linear models (GLMs) are used in high-dimensional machine learning, statistics, communications, and signal processing. In this paper we analyze GLMs when the data matrix is random, as relevant in problems such as compressed sensing, error-correcting codes, or benchmark models in neural networks. We evaluate the mutual information (or "free entropy") from which we deduce the Bayes-optimal estimation and generalization errors. Our analysis applies to the high-dimensional limit where both the number of samples and the dimension are large and their ratio is fixed. Nonrigorous predictions for the optimal errors existed for special cases of GLMs, e.g., for the perceptron, in the field of statistical physics based on the so-called replica method. Our present paper rigorously establishes those decades-old conjectures and brings forward their algorithmic interpretation in terms of performance of the generalized approximate message-passing algorithm. Furthermore, we tightly characterize, for many learning problems, regions of parameters for which this algorithm achieves the optimal performance and locate the associated sharp phase transitions separating learnable and nonlearnable regions. We believe that this random version of GLMs can serve as a challenging benchmark for multipurpose algorithms.


Summary: Under the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind, the support mechanism of government-industry funds has become a crucial factor in promoting the global industrial revolution and cultivating an engineering ecosystem. The Industrial Revolution involved industrial transformation, industrial derivatives, and industrial upgrading, which shaped a new engineering ecosystem with diverse participants, including governments, social intermediaries, financial institutions, innovators, and operators. In this context, the Global Development Fund plays a role in leading the formation of the engineering ecosystem of the Industrial Revolution and provides funding and incentive mechanisms to facilitate its development. This includes not only technological research and innovation incubation but also community participation and inclusive design, ensuring that projects meet the needs and expectations of society. The support mechanism of the Global Development Fund is key to nurturing the engineering ecosystem of the Industrial Revolution, and it can achieve more sustainable and forward-looking development through diversified funding leadership and multi-faceted cooperation.


In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of financial participation in Finnish manufacturing companies. Compared to many developed economies, the incidence of profit sharing in Finland is found to be relatively high. Cash-based profit-sharing (CPS) scheme is the most commonly used method of financial participation, and around 40% of manufacturing companies had them in 2005. Share-based schemes and personnel funds are much less common. Moreover, CPS schemes were growing fast in the early 2000s, while the number of other forms of financial participation had stagnated. In analysing the determinants of financial participation, stakeholder ownership stands out. Firms that are owned by the state or co-operatives have over a 90% likelihood of having financial participation schemes, whereas the likelihood for other firms is only around 40%. Firms mainly owned by management are less likely to offer financial participation. The evidence of complementarities with other management practices is fairly weak, although there is some evidence that higher levels of workplace training and higher computer use are associated with higher levels of financial participation.


The main object in the present work is to develop a procedure for the synthesis of an aluminumsilico phosphate compound that could be used as a solid electrolyte in fuel cells. During the synthesis, three different procedures were evaluated: (a) hydrothermal processing, (b) solid-state reaction and (c) humid route. Precursors used were silica, silica gel, phosphoric acid, phosphorous pentoxide, phosphate of monobasic ammonium, alumina and gibbsite. Synthesized powders were prepared as pellets in a uniaxial press and then, they were subjected to thermal treatment in oxidant atmosphere. Materials obtained were characterized by XRD, BET and SEM. Results showed presence of several phases like siliocoaluminun, aluminumsilicophosphate and silicophosphate. Incomplete reaction during solid-state sintering was detected. It was determined that hydrothermal processing was the optimum procedure to obtain an aluminumsilicophosphate compound that could be applied as fuel cell device.


This working paper deals with the discursive construction of 'crisis-invasion' narratives in Italy in relation to the arrival of refugees and asylum seekers during the period 20122019. Drawing on a number of secondary sources, it seeks to reconstruct how different social actors (re)produce discourses that portray the arrival and reception of people seeking asylum as something invasive of and, thus, damaging to Italian society and natives. In so doing, it adopts a critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective and identifies the argumentative strategies used to legitimize restrictive or exclusionary migration policies.


Network faults like link or switch failures can cause heavy congestion and packet loss. Traffic engineering systems need a lot of time to detect and react to such faults, which results in significant recovery times. Recent work either pre-installs a lot of backup paths in the switches to ensure fast reroute, or proactively pre-reserve bandwidth to achieve fault-resiliency. Our idea agilely reacts to failures in data plane while eliminating pre-installation of backup paths. We propose Kuijia, a robust traffic engineering system for data center WANs which relies on a novel failover mechanism in data plane called rate rescaling. The affected flows on failed tunnels are rescaled to the remaining tunnels, and enter low priority queues to avoid performance impairment of abnormal flows on remaining tunnels. Real system experiments show that Kuijia is effective in handling network faults and significantly outperforms conventional rescaling method.


We wanted to cover mobile computing in our curriculum without incurring the costs of adding a new course to the curriculum or hiring a new instructor to the faculty roster. We did so through collateral learning, by incorporating mobile computing into the projects of two existing upper-level Computer Science courses: Organization of Programming Languages and Artificial Intelligence. We recount our experience using collateral learning of mobile computing over the last four years: motivation, logistics, course-specific details, reception by students, results of course evaluations, challenges faced and solutions devised. Our experience affirms that collateral learning is an excellent option for incorporating emerging topics such as drone programming, cybersecurity and parallel computing into the curriculum at resource-strapped Computer Science departments.


Background & aim: Forensic midwifery is a new major which has been established in response to the need of endangered women for forensic services and also the lack of service provision in this domain. However, there are ambiguities in the definition of this major and its scope of practice. The present study was conducted to investigate the scope of practice in forensic midwifery. Methods: In this integrative review, the articles related to the subject of interest were searched in several database including PubMed, Scopus, CINHAL and Google Scholar. All kinds of publications including reviews and standards, qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods studies were included in the review regardless of the publication date. The data related to the scope of practice in forensic midwifery were extracted using a wide and in-depth analysis, in addition to using an expert panel for validation. To do the analysis, every concept representing scope of practice was coded and similar codes were classified into themes. Results: The search process resulted in retrieval of 43 articles. Based on the reviewed papers, the scope of practice in forensic midwifery divided into four categories including the practices related to reproductive issues, violence, malpractice in obstetrics and gynecology profession, and the improvement of the professionalism in midwifery domain. Conclusion: Considering the potentials of forensic midwifery, the graduates of this major could have an important role in the protection of women's rights in forensic situations.


The effect of detergent formulation and fabric type on bacterial survival after home laundering in cold water was investigated. Three fabrics, 65/35 polyester/cotton shirting, 100% cotton sheeting, and 100% cotton terry cloth, were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, laundered in cold 60 ± 5°F (16 ± 3°C) water and machine dried. Eight phosphorus-based powders and non-phosphorus detergents in both powder and liquid form were used. A control with no detergent was used. Percent reduction in bacteria after machine washing and after machine drying were determined.

Of the eight detergents studied, only two effectively removed 100% of the bacteria from the cotton terry cloth after washing. These were sodium carbonate and aluminosilicate-based powders, one of which contained sodium perborate, the other included enzymes. All of the detergents used removed > 97% of bacteria from the polyester/cotton shirting and cotton sheeting fabrics. No significant cross contamination occurred with any fabric. A greater percent reduction of bacteria was obtained with the terry cloth samples after washing and tumble drying than after washing alone.

The implications of the study are important for consumers who are using colder water in the laundering process. This study found that bacteria were removed more easily from the two plain weave fabrics than the looped terry cloth fabric. The effectiveness of tumble drying after cold water laundering to reduce bacteria in the terry cloth towelling was an important finding.


With the continuous development of market economy and improvement of sports as a new economic growth point,its inherent economic value has been widely recognized.China's economic development,to some extent,determines the level of sports development which,in turn,plays a positive role in the economic development of the country.The two are mutually promoted and coordinated.This paper,considering the current status of sports economy,analyzes the impact of sports economy on China's economic development and proposes effective measures to promote the rapid and healthy development of sports economy.


There are economic models to compare the deadweight loss attributable to an increase in market power brought about by a merger with the concomitant efficiency gains. Yet, because they are devised for final products and envisage markets located in only one country, they require modification to analyze the merger of international container carriers. Indeed, container movement is an intermediate input that covers many countries. This article extends and adapts the models in question to the case of the proposed merger of two container carriers operating in European, Canadian and U.S. markets. This is done through the concept of "transportation consumer surplus". Under certain pricing hypotheses, the merger seems contrary to Canadian public interest.


Traders are notified of a computed tradeable price for an object of commerce. The computed tradeable price is calculated by a computer in conformance to a standard published to traders in a market for the object of commerce. The standard specifies rules for calculating the tradeable price based on orders received or trades executed in the market. Based at least in part on the computed tradeable price, trades are executed or negotiated, or negotiating offers are exchanged among the traders


OBJECTIVE
Ameloblastomas are a group of common odontogenic tumors that originate from the dental epithelium. These tumors are aggressive in nature and present as slow growing painless cortical expansion of the jaw. Histologically, the follicular and plexiform subtypes constitute two-thirds of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic architecture of follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas using deep whole-exome sequencing (dWES).

METHODS
Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of follicular (n=4) and plexiform (n=6) ameloblastomas were retrieved and genomic DNAs were isolated from the tumor tissue dissected from the FFPE block. The exomes were enriched using the IDT Exome Research Panel (IDT, Coralville, IA) and paired-end sequencing was completed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 with an average output of 20GB of data resulting in a mean coverage of 400X. Variant analysis was completed using custom developed software: RUNES and VIKING.

RESULTS
Our analyses focused on examining somatic variants (gnomAD minor allele frequency ≤1%) in genes found on an FDA-approved clinical cancer sequencing panel (FoundationOne®CDx). In follicular tumors, variants (>20% of the reads) were identified in BRAF, KMT2D, and ABL1 genes. In plexiform tumors, variants (>20% of the reads) were identified in ALK, BRAF, KRAS, KMT2D, SMO, KMT2A, and BRCA2 genes. Enrichment analysis showed a significant role of DNA repair genes in the development of these tumors.

CONCLUSIONS
The variants identified in follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas were enriched in DNA-repair genes. The observed genetic heterogeneity in these ameloblastomas may contribute to the aggressive nature and recurrence risk of these tumors.


The present invention includes a container having an internal reactor tubes and the bottom of the reactor for fluidized bed with granular polysilicon, a heating device for heating the fluidized bed within the reactor tube, for supplying a fluidizing gas at least one opening in the bottom of the reactor for feeding at least one aperture and the reaction gas of the reactor bottom, and the device for discharging the reactor exhaust gas, a supply device for supplying silicon particles, granular poly the removal pipe for silicon with a capital, installation of at least one mass flow supplied to widened supercritical, Laval nozzle is at least one of the front opening of the bottom of the reactor outside the inner reactor tube It is directed to a fluidized bed reactor for the production of granular polysilicon.


The objective of this study was to explore clinical and pathological characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of Richter's syndrome.The clinical and laboratory feather of one case classic Richter's syndrome was reported,and the related literature was reviewed.A large number of mature small lymphocytes were found in peripheral blood and bone marrow,the cellular morphology was consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,immunological phenotype of bone marrow was CD5(+),CD10(-),CD19(+),CD20(+),CD23(+) and CD38(+).Lymph node biopsy was diaglosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma,The patient died within 11 months after multiple courses of chemotherapy.In conclusion,Newly diagnosed patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma is in line with classic Richter's syndrome.Richter's syndrome rarely occurs in China with poor prognosis and short survival expectance.


Objective To discuss the influence of health education combined with follow-up therapy on the self-management actions of osteoporosis patient with lumbago and back pain.Methods 96 cases of primary osteoporosis patients with lumbago and back pain were divided into two groups randomly according to their serial number when they were admitted into hospital.Both groups got the same routine therapy and nursing care.The patients in control group were telephoned 1 time each week after they left hospital.The patients in treatment group were educated with systematic and normative health knowledge on the basis of weekly telephone follow-up.Two sets of patients were compared on the grasp of health knowledge,self-management actions and treatment effect after their leaving from the hospital for 1 month,and did it again after 2 months.Results The mastery rate of the knowledge was 93.75% in treatment group,the compliance behaviors were better than the patients in control group when they had left the hospital for 1 month and 2 months.Both the grades of VAS of treatment group after medical treatment for 1 month and 2 months were lower than the control group.The differences of three indexes between the two groups were all significant(P 0.05).Conclusion Implementation of systematic standard health education and follow-up can not only improve the degree of disease related knowledge for osteoporosis patients,but also enhance their compliance behavior and improve treatment effects,so as to ameliorate low back pain and reduce complications,promote disease recovery,and improve the quality of life in osteoporosis patients.


Al/SiCp composite materials are prepared using jet co deposition technology.The microstructure is observed using metallurgical and scanning electroscope.The mechanical property of material is tested.The effect of strengthened particles addition way on structural uniformity and mechanical properties of the material is studied.


Let ( M, g) be a completely connected n-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold without boundary such that the scalar curvature satisfies R g ≥ − n( n − 1), and let [Formula: see text] be an asymptotically hyperbolic end. We prove that the mass functional of the end [Formula: see text] is timelike future-directed or zero. Moreover, it vanishes if and only if ( M, g) is isometrically diffeomorphic to the hyperbolic space. We also consider the mass of an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold with a compact boundary, and we prove that the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by a function defined by using distance estimates. For applications, the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by −( n − 1) or the scalar curvature satisfies R g ≥ (−1 + κ) n( n − 1) for any positive constant κ less than one.


In the present article some of the latest advances and the concept of transmitting power without wires are reviewed.The methods applied for the wireless power transmission such as induction, electromagnetic transmission, radio and microwave and evanescent wave coupling are discussed here. Furthermore, the various technologies available so far for wireless transmission of electricity and the need for a wireless system of energy transmission is presented.The study also focuses on the latest technologies, merits, demerits and economical aspects in this field.


Objective: to assess the psychophysiological and functional state of the body of basketball students in the pre-competition period.Materials and methods: the study involved female basketball students with a sports category (girls, n = 18) in the pre-competition period. The article presents an analysis of the results of the psychophysiological and functional state of the body of the examined, obtained through the use of complex control using psychodiagnostic and functional research methods.Results: indicators of psychodiagnostic techniques characterize the insufficient development of the studied properties of attention for those engaged in playing sports and the fitness of the functional abilities of the leading hand of basketball players. The revealed data of the tapping test correspond to the criterion of the lower limit of optimal performance, which causes insufficient physical readiness for competitive activity. The obtained results of temporal and spectral indicators of heart rate variability were not typical for students engaged in playing sports, which causes an increase in the degree of tension of regulatory systems and characterizes the development of fatigue in the pre-competition period of the surveyed athletes. The use of the spirometric method determined the discrepancy between the results obtained and the proper values characteristic of the weight and height parameters of the subjects, which indicates violations of the ventilatory function of the lungs and reduced respiratory musculature capabilities of basketball students.Conclusion: the analysis of the obtained data on the psychophysiological and functional state of the body of basketball students in the pre-competition period determines the need to build a training process with the inclusion of psychological and pedagogical training aimed at expanding the physiological reserves of functional systems, improving the psychomotor properties of the body that determine the success of competitive activity and increasing the share of training effects aimed at improving the quality of strength endurance.


Since the rotorcraft can easily be recognized by using the micro-Doppler (m-D) signature of rotor blades, the m-D effect induced by micro-motion dynamics plays an important role in target recognition and classification. However, the existing researches on the rotor blades pay little attention to the mechanism of the time-domain and time-frequency-domain flash phenomena. To comprehensively explain the flash phenomena from physics, the modeling of the rotor blades and the mechanism of the flash phenomena are studied in this paper. Firstly, for the rotor blades, the target cannot be represented as a rigid, homogeneous line nor several points. Taking the scattering coefficients and the interval of adjacent scattering points (the scattering point distribution on the blade) into consideration, the scattering point model of the rotor blade echo is established, and the influence of the scattering point distribution on the radar echo is analyzed as well. The detailed mathematic analysis and comparison results show that the conventional integral model of the rotor blade is only a special case of the scattering point model. Furthermore, In the case where the scattering point model is approximately equivalent to the conventional integral model, the critical interval of adjacent scattering points is deduced by mathematic analysis. Secondly, on the basis of the proposed model above, the physical mechanism of the time-domain and time-frequency-domain flash phenomena is studied from the viewpoint of the electromagnetic (EM) scattering. On the one hand, considering the EM scattering and scattering point distribution, the mechanism of the time-domain flashes is analyzed. Ideally, when the rotor blade is at the vertical position relative to the radar line of sight, i.e., at the flash time, the blade has the strongest echo. At this moment, the radar echo consists of echoes of all scattering points, thus inducing the time-domain flashes. At the non-flash time, the scattering points at the tip of blade and hub of rotor have stronger scattering intensities, so the echo is much weaker than that at the flash time. On the other hand, the time-frequency analysis and the cross range resolution are simultaneously used to analyze the mechanism of the time-frequency-domain flashes in the m-D signature. The m-D signature of the rotor blades consists of three parts: the time-frequency-domain flashes, the sinusoidal Doppler curves, and the zero-frequency band. At the flashes time, the Doppler frequency of adjacent scattering points cannot be distinguished, thus the m-D signature has the frequency band caused by all scattering points, i.e., the time-frequency-domain flashes appear. At the non-flash time, the sinusoidal Doppler curves and the zero-frequency band are caused by the scattering points at the tip of blade induced by the scattering points at the hub of rotor respectively. Finally, the simulation results about the scattering point model with the different intervals of adjacent scattering points show that the effectiveness of the proposed model and the correctness of theoretical analysis.


By the application of electric drive drilling rig in oil field,PLC become the core of the control,the design method of system integration by using SIMATIC S7-300 is also given.


The above sentiment is a handwritten letter from noted historian Darlene Clark Hine, demonstrating that at least one prominent black feminist scholar does not perceive Erotic Revolutionaries as a colossal threat against black women. Prominent black feminist scholars aside, I now turn your attention to an assessment of a different ilk as regards the above-mentioned book in what can scarcely be deemed a "review"—and yes, I use the term loosely. What, then, is the rhetorical objective of the prototypical review? A firstrate review, it seems, should aim to summarize a book's central arguments, clarifying when and where it carves new terrain or lack thereof. The review in question is negligent in both regards, with reviewer refusing to assess my book's innovative use of scripting theory, refusing to elucidate each chapter's central arguments, and refusing to recognize the book's dexterous weaving of sociology of sexuality, black sexual politics, and third-wave feminism as a rarely accomplished feat. Perhaps the reviewer lacks the analytical wherewithal to deduce the transformative elements of my book or the imagination to assess whether or not my celebrity subjects have anything worthwhile to teach black women. Her arrogant tone, rehashing of old gripes, ad hominem attacks, A Critique of Protectionist Petulance


In view of shortcoming of traditional vibration measurement instrument of machine,the(paper) designed a system of remote vibration parameters measurement and dynamic characteristics(analysis) based on graphical programming language LabVIEW,and detailedly introduced basic structure and software(design) of the system.The system collected vibration signal at the Server and used Data Socket(technology) to transmit (data.)And at the Client,programs could process and display signal in real time and(analyze its) spectrum,estimate parameters such as inherent frequency,damping ratio etc.The experimental(result) showed that the system has well human-computer interface and the calculation result is correct,so it can satisfy demands of industrial measurement.


Objective:To investigate the long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents(DES)and metal bare stents(BMS)in the real clinical practices.Method:The clinical data was collected in 255 patients undergoing DES and 258 patients undergoing BMS in our department.Major adverse cardiac events(MACE) was defined as all-cause death,nonfatal myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization) was carefully recorded at follow-up.Result:Compared with BMS group,the incidence of recurrent angina(6.27%∶17.05%,P0.05),MACE(3.92%∶10.47%,P0.05) and the hospitalization because of heart disease(5.29%∶15.19%,P0.01) was lower in DES group.There weren't significant differences in the all-cause mortality and the incidence of late stents thrombosis,nonfatal myocardial infarction and malignant tumor between the two groups.After adjusting age,treated coronary artery,the diameter of referral coronary,lesions length,the duration of follow-up,the duration of prescribed clopidogrel,and current smoking,BMS was positively related to MACE(r=0.0937,P=0.035),cardiac death(r=0.098 2,P=0.027),recurrent angina(r=0.084 9,P=0.048).Conclusion:DES can decrease the prevalence of MACE and recurrent angina,but it doesn′t increase late stents thrombosis.Therefore and the hospitalization because of heart disease(r=0.090 8,P=0.041) it is relatively safe and effective in the real-world.


Six medicinal plants indigenous to Africa were evaluated for their activity on experimental thrombosis in mice. Of the plants screened, the extract of Commiphora molmol exhibited the strongest antithrombotic activity, while the extract of Ageratum conyzoides showed no marked activity. This study established the antithrombotic effect of the extracts of Azadiractha indica, Bridelia ferruginea, Commiphora molmol, Garcinia kola and Curcuma longa. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Promotion of health and safety of individual in the contemporary society of Nigeria and in other parts of the sub-saharan Africa countries of the world has been a critical issue under consideration. Our environment has been experiencing various environmental pollution due to human activities; hence promotion of the health and safety becomes a challenge in this regard. The paper sought to have a central focus on the promotion of health and safety of individuals through environmental laws and government policy. An overview of environmental laws in Nigeria, and the environmental and health problems in Nigeria were extensively considered. The paper further highlighted the specific laws in the pre and post-independence era of Nigeria. The paper came out with the conclusion that the danger posed by the environmental pollution is as a result of human action in the environment is a well establish fact that it is possible to constitute a health hazard into individual in the society. Based on this observation, the following recommendations among others where proffered: Relevant stakeholders in health, oil and gas should emphasis the necessity for a concerted effort to raise the level of awareness and their understanding of environment and health laws. Government should encourage works, write-ups, articles and desertions which high light and expose the population on the danger associated with environmental pollution and more enlightenment campaign program should be organized to emphasize the use of electronic media to explain the causes of environmental problems in the society.


Technology innovation has been recognized as a behavior which can increase buyer's countervailing power. However, from the perspective of outside option, a model which is built to measure the relationship between buyer's ability to conduct reverse vertical integration and its buyer power shows although buyer's merger behavior can promote its ability to invest on technology innovation, the impact of this investment on buyer's countervailing power is actually uncertain. Base on the conclusions above, the study also discusses how Coca-Cola and Wal-Mart increase their buyer power.


One of the problems faced in the development of the marine and fisheries sector nationally is the low quality of the fish capture due to the limited capacity and quantity of available port infrastructure resulting in the decrease in competitiveness. The data in this study were related to fish capture from fishing boats to wholesalers. The data obtained was observation of the location of the vessel, the fish auction place, and the marketer. The types of fish taken were Kurisi (Nemipterus pneumatophores), Biji Nangka (Upeneus mullocensin), Kapas-Kapas (Gerres erythronium), Bawal Putih (Pampus argenteus), Kembung (Rastrelliger spp). Fish examining was done by looking at the organoleptic and pH values. The pH value was obtained by testing the pH meter, while the organoleptic value was obtained by observing the physical condition using a score sheet. To determine the magnitude of the influence of facilities on fish quality, and the correlation between organoleptic values and pH, an analysis using simple linear regression was conducted. The average organoleptic value of fish while on the boat, when distributed, and when in the marketplace were 8,248; 7,024; and 6.6 respectively. Meanwhile, the average pH value was 7.05; 5.51; and 5.15. The quality of fish caught at Class A Fishing Port of Belawan is still of good quality. The pH test showed decline in pH value ever since the fish was brought to the port until they were marketed. The influence of facilities on the fish organoleptic and pH value are 98.3% and 96%. Thus, facilities significantly affect fish quality at Belawan Fishing Port. Between pH and organoleptic values showed a positive correlation, hence when the pH value decreased, the organoleptic value also dropped.Keywords:Belawan Fishing PortEast WatersFacilities InfluenceFish Quality


Nanomaterial/DNA integrated systems have become an emerging tool for intracellular imaging. However, intracellular catalytic DNA circuit is rarely explored. Commonly used nanosystems neglect intracellular DNA assembly, conformation folding and catalytic efficiency, all demanding appropriate metal ion conditions. Herein, MnO2 nanosheet/DNAzyme (nanozyme) is fabricated as intracellular catalytic DNA circuit generator for high signal amplification, and its operation is reported for monitoring DNA base‐excision repair (BER) in living cells with improved performance. MnO2 nanosheet works as not only DNA nanocarrier but also as DNAzyme cofactor supplier. The nanozyme is constructed by adsorbing DNA probes on MnO2 nanosheets, facilitating cellular uptake of DNA. They are rapidly released in cellular environments by reducing MnO2 nanosheets to Mn2+ as DNAzyme cofactor. After repair enzyme activation, nanozymes are properly assembled with active folded conformation and hold sustained catalytic efficiency over many cycles. It offers at least 40‐fold amplified signals for the monitoring of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease‐initiated and DNA glycosylase‐initiated BER pathways. Multiplex imaging can be allowed by integrating several sets of probes with per MnO2 nanosheet. The MnO2 nanozyme opens up exciting opportunities for imaging low‐abundance biomarkers and relevant biological pathways in living cells.


At the early development of the embryo, short bristles were observed on each side of upper jaw in Neophocaena phocaenoides. The number of the bristles varied from 1-3 on the left and 2-3 on the right. Semicircle ear outline was visible. The penis of male foetus was exposed out of body. The swimming organs (flipper, fluke and midway anus to fluke notch) developed prominently. As embryo developed, external ear outline of foetus disappeared and the penis of male foetus concealed in the penial pouch. These morphological changes in the course of the embryo development indicated that cetacean ancestor might have lived on land and that cetacean adapted to water environment when coming into water secondly. In addition, statistical analysis on 17 foetuses and juveniles showed that: the growth rate of foetus was 9.08 cm/month (0.303 cm/day) in Neophocaena phocaenoides, the gestation period may be about 9.4 months in Neophocaena phocaenoides in the Yangtze River, and mating may take place from June to August, parturition time from March to May each year.


The object of this study is to explore the relation between identity and space in Jhumpa Lahiri's collection of short stories Interpreter of Maladies (1999). I will gauge how subjects adjust to their environments and to which means they resort to conserve, negate meaning. It appears that through the perusal of border consciousness subjects negotiate their identities, which leads them to understand the Other and, by extension, themselves. In fact, as the sense of belonging operates on the multi-layered and deterritorialised location of home, I will thus illustrate that whilst some subjects are hindered by forces of dislocation, cultural hybridity, others reassert a sense of transnational belonging in a third space. I shall include an introductory note on the theoretical framework and a section on food adding to the more detailed literature discussion of identity negotiation at stake.


Applicability of polyethylene polymerized using a metallocene catalyst to an insulation material for DC power cables has been investigated. The accumulation properties of space charge in a range from room temperature to 90/spl deg/C was examined using the pulse electroacoustic method. The result indicated that hetero-charge was observed in the vicinity of the surface of a sample at increased temperature, and that hetero-space charge produced by activation of an antioxidant added to the sample was increased or decreased with the increase of the temperature of the sample. A hetero-charge absorber was added for controlling the hetero-space charge. As a result, hetero-charge was not observed on the sample in a high electric field extending from room temperature to high temperature. It was confirmed that the volume resistivity of the sample was increased at high temperature.


Large sophisticated instruments are significant resources in a university and play an increasingly important role in both teaching and scientific research. In this work, the characteristics and problems of managing such infrequently used equipment in a research laboratory were carefully analyzed and concluded. More importantly, an effective solution for potential conflicts was presented. Furthermore, based on the concepts of "special management", "public using", "reservation and share" and "society serving", an extensible online-booking platform for instruments management in a research laboratory has been constructed. This platform is functional and modular, permitting administrators to manage equipment flexibly and allow users to submit their applications for equipment using with a mobile app in convenience. Especially, this platform is quite suitable for those customizable and personalized tesing requests. With this platform, the level of communication and cooperation of disciplines, the efficiency of utilizing and sharing of large sophisticated instruments can be significantly promoted.


with a genefrequency of0.00088, isa raretrait inthis population. We examined themembers ofthree families segregating forboth 8(- and(3-thalassaemia anda numberof8(3carriers identified during thescreening. Thedoubly heterozygous children suffer from amildformofCooley's disease withnon-a./a biosynthetic ratios within therangeofvalues observed in(3-thalassaemia homozygotes. Threeofthemhavebeentransfusion dependent forsome time. The8(3carriers, although inmany respects showing theusual picture ofa8-thalassaemia, such as abnormal redcell indices, normal HbAS,HbFheterogeneously distributed intheerythrocytes, and low (/asynthetic ratios, haveunusually highlevels ofHbF(range 10 to20%)andparticularly low glycine content (range 0'02to0-14residues) intheisolated yCB3peptide. Theseresults haveled us totheconclusion thatthe8(-thalassaemia foundinSardinia isdifferent fromthesimilar kindof8( defect foundinNegroes andinother Mediterranean populations, including continental Italians.


Canada recently developed new regulations for the amount of total sulâir in fuel, as of January 1̂ , 2005, thereby limiting the total sulfur to 30 ppmw. Current teclinology for the removal of sulfur involves hydrotreating, is an expensive process, which may reduce the value of fossil fuels when operated under deep desulfurization conditions. This thesis reports on experiments with a variety o f solvents, metal salts, acids, and bases which were unsuccessful at removing sulfur-containing compounds from FCC gasoline. The thesis also reports on the success achieved through the use of Raney nickel. Simply by varying the reaction tune and temperature, a maximum reduction of 99 % in the sulfur concentration was obtained using Raney nickel. Finally, experiments were performed that recovered the nickel as nickel oxide. This allows for further processing in order to convert the nickel oxide into nickel aluminum alloy.


In Austrian social-democracy, even mixity and co-education are used to reinforce the
hegemony of masculinity. Men adopt various strategies to exclude women from the political sphere.


Measurement campaigns of the Max-Planck Advanced Study Group (ASG) in cooperation with the Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) at DESY-FLASH and SLAC-LCLS have established pnCCDs as universal photon imaging spectrometers in the energy range from 90 eV to 2 keV. In the CFEL-ASG multi purpose chamber (CAMP), pnCCD detector modules are an integral part of the design with the ability to detect photons at very small scattering angles. In order to fully exploit the spectroscopic and intensity imaging capability of pnCCDs, it is essentially important to translate the unprocessed raw data into units of photon counts for any given position on the detection area. We have studied the performance of pnCCDs in FEL experiments and laboratory test setups for the range of signal intensities from a few X-ray photons per signal frame to 100 or more photons with an energy of 2 keV per pixel. Based on these measurement results, we were able to characterize the response of pnCCDs over the experimentally relevant photon energy and intensity range. The obtained calibration results are directly relevant for the physics data analysis. The accumulated knowledge of the detector performance was implemented in guidelines for detector calibration methods which are suitable for the specific requirements in photon science experiments at Free Electron Lasers. We discuss the achievable accuracy of photon energy and photon count measurements before and after the application of calibration data. Charge spreading due to illumination of small spots with high photon rates is discussed with respect to the charge handling capacity of a pixel and the effect of the charge spreading process on the resulting signal patterns.


The purpose of the work is to analyze existing preconditions, driving forces, and barriers for the widespread introduction of the production and use of fuel briquettes from biomass in Ukraine. The task of the work is to determine the advantages and prospects of the process, first of all, for domestic consumers, as well as to develop recommendations for creating a positive environment for the development of this segment of bioenergy in Ukraine. This part of the paper presents the current state of the market for solid biofuels in Ukraine. It is shown that in the biofuel market, the largest segment is solid biofuel in the form of firewood, wood chips, pellets and biomass briquettes, baled straw. Currently, a large amount of pellets and briquettes are exported from Ukraine to Europe due to the insufficient demand in the domestic market. The main features of the solid biofuels production in Ukraine are regional unevenness and relative non-uniformity of production as well as a large number of small-scale enterprises that work with traders. The advantages of the use of biomass briquettes as fuel were analyzed. The main advantages are the conformity of characteristics of briquettes with the requirements of boiler equipment for fuel, better ecological indicators in comparison with the burning of low-quality wood, no needs for specialized energy equipment in contrast with the use of pellets, availability of a significant amount of feedstock especially for briquettes from the biomass of agricultural origin. The current volume of the Ukrainian market for fuel briquettes from biomass for individual heating of the population can be estimated at the level of 500 th. t/year with its growth to over 3 million t/year until 2035. This part of the paper considers possible types of feedstock for the production of fuel briquettes and requirements for it. It is noted that the feedstock for the production of fuel briquettes can be soft and hard wood, straw, reed, sunflower husk, rice and buckwheat husk, flax sheave, and other vegetable residues. Typical requirements for the feedstock: water content – 6...12%, fraction composition – 2...10 mm.


The purpose of this paper is to reveal the conditions for maintenance and development of economies of agglomeration in Japanese industrial districts.The existing theory of industrial districts in Japan has focused on the supplier-side logic and insists that a necessary condition for small-scale manufacturers (suppliers) to enjoy economies of agglomeration is the existence of local markets for special skills within the industrial district. On the other hand, it has been unconcerned with the purchaser-side logic. To shed light on the purchaser-side logic, we interviewed large retail firms in the role of purchasers for industrial districts and 21 smallscale firms located in Tokyo's Ota Ward and Joto area having the role of supplier. These interviews clearly showed the importance of business practices called "Kouza" and "Chouai". Large enterprises on the purchaser side deal only with kouza-holding firms (direct suppliers) and chouai-saki which coordinate sub-suppliers.Assuming these business practices, for purchasers the presence within the industrial district of firms holding kouza becomes a necessary condition of enjoying economies of agglomeration. In conclusion, this paper proposes a new model of industrial districts combining supplier-side and purchaser-side logic.


Generating T2 maps in magnetic resonance microimaging is often complicated by the self‐diffusion of water molecules. A modification of the standard spin‐echo pulse sequence is proposed which minimizes this effect. Experiments with doped water confirmed that the T2 values obtained with the modified sequence were equal within the experimental error to the value obtained by the spectroscopic Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill method. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated by generating T2 maps of porcine articular cartilage. Key words: MR microimaging; relaxation; diffusion; cartilage.


Objective:To observe the imprinting effects of prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11β-HSD1) expression in the rat offspring liver. Methods: Pregnancy was determined by examining vaginal smear. Eight pregnant rats were divided into dexamethasone(DEX) group and normal saline(NS) group at random with each group containing 4 rats.DEX group was given subcutaneous injection of DEX [0.05 mg/(kg·d)] and NS group was given injection of NS.Western blot was adopted to determine 11β-HSD1 protein in the liver of the offspring at the age of 4 months;RT-PCR was used to determine 11β-HSD1 mRNA and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) mRNA;and glucose oxidase method was used to measure the blood glucose concentration. Results: Western blot and RT-PCR showed that prenatal overexposure to DEX increased the expression of 11β-HSD1 protein and mRNA in the liver of the female offsprings at 4 months old, but not in male offsprings.Prenatal overexposure to DEX also increased the expression of PEPCK mRNA and blood glucose level in the female offsprings at 4 months old.Conclusion:Our study suggests that prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids throughout gestation can imprint the expression of 11β-HSD1 in rat offsprings liver, which may lead to the PEPCK overexpression and blood glucose elevation.Development of diabetes may be induced in individuals overexposed to glucocorticoids during fetal period.


We present a silicon optical receiver consisting of a low-noise fully-differential transimpedance amplifier with on-chip biasing for a SiPh Ge PD. Error-free $(BER < 10^{-12})$ 56Gb/s NRZ operation is demonstrated with a record OMA sensitivity of −10.2dBm at 170mW.


darkness probed by many American commentators, artists, and writers today-for example, the bestselling novel by housewife Judith Guest, Ordinary People. The Con that Dr. Marty contemplates is not so dismal. Evidently like many churchmen on both sides of our border he is unaware of the prospect that the whole 'American' and 'Modern' dream may have failed, and that we are all living after the failure, unable even to reflect on it at the official level. Marty's problematic society is still clothed in the rather manageable garb of liberal America. So while the book is predictably full of interesting and 'usable' insights, it is not profound.


.......................................................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 DONATED WHEELCHAIRS ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2 APPROPRIATE WHEELCHAIR ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 WHEELCHAIR SERVICES THE TANZANIAN CONTEXT ...................................................................... 3 1.4 FOCUS OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Significance of the study ..................................................................................................... 5 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES................................................................................ 6 1.5.1 The research question ........................................................................................................ 6 1.5.2 Aim of the study ................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE DISSERTATION .................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 9 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF A WHEELCHAIR .................................................................................................... 9 2.2 WHEELCHAIR DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 STATISTICS ON THE NEED OF WHEELCHAIRS ................................................................................ 11 2.4 DISABILITY PREVALENCE IN TANZANIA.......................................................................................... 12 2.5 IMPACT OF AND BARRIERS IN ACCESSING WHEELCHAIRS .............................................................. 13 2.6 EXPECTATIONS AND SATISFACTION OF WHEELCHAIR USERS ........................................................ 14 2.7 INFLUENCE OF A WHEELCHAIR ON ACTIVITY AND PARTICIPATION .................................................. 16 2.8 SATISFACTION WITH WHEELCHAIR CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 17 2.9 SATISFACTION WITH WHEELCHAIR SERVICES ............................................................................... 17 2.9.1 Follow-up services............................................................................................................. 17 2.9.2 Maintenance and repairs .................................................................................................. 19 2.10 EVALUATING USER SATISFACTION WITH WHEELCHAIRS .............................................................. 20


Time‐resolved studies of the dynamic Burstein–Moss shift of the absorption edge following intense photoexcitation are reported for room‐temperature samples of GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. Band‐filling times, which correspond to the redistribution of electrons from an energy of 0.5 eV above the bottom of the conduction band to an energy of 0.15 eV, are found to be 1.7 to 1.3 ps for GaAs in the carrier density range of 0.5–2.0×1019 cm−3 and 1 ps for a MQW structure at a density of 2×1019 cm−3. An approximate rate equation model is presented which agrees reasonably well with the experimental results.


The book under review here is concerned with investigating the development of English participial and gerund constructions in the Middle English (ME) and Early Modern English (EModE) period. It aims at describing these particular syntactic phenomena diachronically and at determining the role of genre both in the processes of change that can be observed for the constructions at issue and in language change in general. The book can be very briefly outlined as follows:


The problems considered here have cost v(x_{o}, u) , a quadratic in (x_{o}, u) , wherex o is interpreted as an initial condition and u as an unconstrained control variable. The aim is to choose u rationally when the only measurement available is the partial linear measurement y_{o} = Cx_{o} and when u should be desirable for every x o consistent with the measurement y o . A dominance concept is introduced which facilitates suitable choice of u . Properties of such u are studied. The results are applied to the standard linear regulator, giving an open-loop control dependent on y o , and to the problem of choosing the initial conditions for dynamic compensators.


The retirement experiences of faculty who had retired from 1862 land grant universities are described. Health, financial, family, and professional characteristics of early retirees are contrasted to those of late retirees. Determinants of faculty retirement are identified in the context of a general retirement model. Model results indicate that years-of-service to retirement programs, number of children, mental health, health trends, age at initial employment, and faculty-spouse age differences are positively related to retirement age. Salary levels, net worth, and extension appointments are inversely related to retirement age. Implications of recent changes in the agricultural economics profession on expected retirement behavior are discussed.