Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a fruit of socioeconomic importance in Brazil, and its consumption occurs in natura and also in the form of processed products. There are a lot of losses that occur along the entire production chain. The disadvantage due to its high perishability becomes a problem for producers. One of the alternatives developed for its use is fermentation, which is an efficient and low-cost technology, being an option for the food industry and the production of fermented beverages. The use of tomato pulp for this type of production will avoid waste, add important nutritional value to the drink and reduce food waste. In the present study, the production of alcoholic fermented beverages was elaborated, analyzed, and compared through the pulp of two tomato varieties, Italian (Solanum lycopersicum) and Sweet Grape (Sweet heaven). Aims: To study the production of alcoholic fermented two tomato varieties, Italian and Sweet Grape. Methods: The concentration of soluble solids, pH and alcohol content (%v/v) were analyzed, in the fermentation process of the two varieties, higher alcohol content was observed in Sweet Grape. Results and Discussion: The results were acceptable, demonstrating that there is a possibility of producing a fermented tomato drink Conclusions: The production of a fermented tomato drink becomes an alternative for the use of the fruits, but it is necessary to make the chaptalization to obtain a higher alcohol content.


[Objective]To decrease particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions from intensive bulk-curing barn group,and reduce the pollution.[Method]The treatment system of flue gas was built in bulk-curing barn group in order to reduce the pollution of environment by water purification.The flue gas which was discharged from the chimney of bulk-curing barn was transported to the industrial dust removal and desulfurization tower by the connected tunnel.The flue gas was purified by lye and then was discharged into atmosphere.[Result]The results showed that the concentration of particle matter(59.75 mg / m3) in the treated flue gas was lower than that of the untreated flue gas(156.35 mg/m3).The decreased value was 96.65 mg / m3 and the decreasing amplitude was 61.82%.At the same time,the concentration of sulfur dioxide of the treated flue gas was 7 193.5 mg / m3 which was less than that of the untreated flue gas(9 062.9 mg / m3) and the decreasing amplitude was 20.63%.[Conclusion]The concentration of particle matter and sulfur dioxide were significantly reduced by the industrial dust removal and desulfurization system.The technology was propitious to protect the environment.


Obesity of chickens significantly reduces the efficiency of feeding, egg production, palatability of meat carcasses, slaughter yield, consumer value, and there is also such an ecological aspect as the problem of fat utilization. The search for SNPs in genes involved in lipid metabolism is an important task today for modern research in the field of poultry farming. Differences in carcass fat between breeds and lines within a breed illustrate the importance of genetic factors in lipid metabolism in chickens. The aim of the study was to find and analyze SNPs in the PPARG gene by sequencing in various chicken breeds (n = 83). The objects of the study were chickens from the VNIIGZh bioresource collection "Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds" (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) of various productivity trends (n = 83). Blood for DNA isolation was taken from hens at the age of 330 days from a wing vein into a microtube containing 50 μl of 0.5 mM EDTA as an anticoagulant. Prior to use, blood samples were stored at -200C. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard phenolic-detergent method. The concentration and purity of the samples were determined using a NanoDrop 2000 instrument (Thermo Fisher, USA).Analysis of the polymorphism of the regulatory region of the PPARG gene was carried out by sequencing. The primer design was carried out on the basis of information from the Internet database.The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of molecular genetics of the RRIFAGB. Genetic variability for rs314476701 of the PPARG gene was determined in the analyzed breeds. SNP rs316237745 revealed a strong shift of the A.


Objective To develop psychosocial skills training module for schizophrenic outpatients.Methods Structured psychosocial skills training program,which were made according to community rehabilitation plan for schizophrenia,featured convenience and well operability.Subjects were 96 of 204 schizorenic outpatients in remission who were randomly assigned to receive psychosocial skills training combined medicine(observation group) or medicine only(control group) and followed up by 24 months.The changes during treatment were evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS),Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS) and patients' cognition function were also evaluated longitudinally.Results Relapse rate of control group (37%) is higer than observation group (17.7%,P0.01).After Last Observation Carried Forward(LOCF),control group showed higer scores than observation group on positive syndrome (8.34±2.04 vs 7.66±0.97),negative syndrome(9.15±1.97 vs 813±1.15),total score (37.64±5.58 vs 34.79±3.64) and Social disability (2.81±1.90 vs 2.07±1.47) (P0.01);observation group also showed a significant progress on cognition function(P0.05).Conclusion This trial demonstrated the efficacy of the easy-operating structured psychosocial skill training grogram in preventing relapse and improving social adoptive function for schizophrenia.


An unsupervised method that chooses and applies the most appropriate tracking algorithm from among different sea-ice tracking algorithms is reported. In contrast to current unsupervised methods, this method chooses and applies an algorithm by partially examining a sequential image pair to draw inferences about what was examined. Based on these inferences the reported method subsequently chooses which algorithm to apply to specific areas of the image pair where that algorithm should work best.


Studies on proton exchange membrane fuel cells [PEMFCs] have shown that poor fluid distribution can lead to a higher probability of concentration, ohmic, and activation losses which affects the overall electrochemical and power output performance as well as reduced cell durability. Hence, understanding fluid dynamics are imperative to identify strategies that will improve the fluid distribution uniformity and optimise reactant transport. Most fluid flow studies for PEMFCs are done through computational fluid dynamic [CFD] simulations as it is a cost-saving research method with dependable accuracy levels. In some cases, real-life experiments are executed concurrently to justify the simulation results and theories made. However, there are instances where simplifications are needed for both CFD simulations and experiments for easier and clearer fluid analysis. This short review will first discuss the simplification strategies used to simulate PEMFC models in both 2-dimensional [2D] and 3-dimensional [3D] dimensions, covering theories or concepts that can prove the dependability of the methods employed. Then, the next part will explain the validation techniques applied to justify simulation results, including the types of measuring methods employed to generate the clearest capture of fluid flow and behaviour in the PEMFC models. The overall discussion will provide a better insight into choosing a suitable combination of simplification, validation, and measuring methods for increased quality and accuracy of future studies on fluid flow analysis.


In [3], two interior-point `2-penalty methods with strong global convergence properties were proposed for solving nonlinear programming problems. In this paper we show that under standard assumptions, slight modifications of these methods lead to fast local convergence. Specifically, we show that for each fixed small barrier parameter μ, iterates in a small neighborhood (roughly within o(μ)) of the minimizer of the barrier subproblem converge Q-quadratically to the minimizer. The overall convergence rate of the iterates to the solution of the nonlinear program is Q-superlinear. Our modifications include refinements of the rule for updating the penalty parameter and the termination criteria used by the inner algorithms, and the computation at each iteration for two correction steps that incur only modest cost. We illustrate these convergence results by some examples.


A disinterested view on the evolution of UN ability to fulfill its objectives in modern conditions is described, and so called new calls and challenges for UN are discussed with a focus on the reforms proposed by modern science and practice.


This paper sets out to analyze the relation between enrollment expansion and higher education quality.The author holds that there is no evidence showing that,with enrollment expansion proceeding,the higher education quality has comprehensively declined.Hence,we should indeed notice that,although expanding enrollment may negatively affect the quality of teaching offered to some graduates,it will improve the total national quality of our country due to the fact that enrollment expansion can in a way to promote education quality except for some of its negative effects.With a developing foresight a new concept of high education quality applicable to a massive higher education must be established in line with enrollment expansion.


The utility model relates to a diaper, in particular to a diaper with good leakage protection, which comprises a water-loving surface layer, a waterproof bottom layer and a water-absorbing cotton core layer between the water-loving surface layer and the waterproof bottom layer. A stereoscopic enclosure for lateral leakage protection is arranged at each of two sides of the diaper. A piece of water-absorbing layer is filled at the vertical end of the water-absorbing cotton core layer. The piece of water-absorbing layer is directly adhered to the stereoscopic enclosures at the two sides and the upper part of the water-loving surface layer. As the water-absorbing layer is arranged at the two vertical ends and the width of the water-absorbing layer is wider than the width of the water-absorbing cotton core layer, the leakage protection of the front and rear ends of the diaper is enhanced obviously.


A new brazing technique for joining graphite to itself or to metals such as Mo, W, or Cu, with conventional brazing filler metals has been developed. Essentially, it is impossible to braze graphite with Cu filler metal because no wetting occurs. However, when a graphite base material is combined with an Fe base metal in Cu brazing, the Fe base metal dissolves in molten Cu. Simultaneously, the dissolved Fe grows as part of a columnar Fe-9 [approximately] 6Cu-1.6C alloy phase at the graphite interface at a constant brazing temperature, that is, the dissolution and deposit of base metal takes place. By placing an Fe foil insert between both graphite base materials, therefore, the columnar phase is formed at both graphite faces and grows toward the Fe foil during heating. As a result, both graphite base materials are united by the columnar phase through the Fe foil. In the same way, a graphite/Mo or /W joint can be produced. Moreover, when using BAu-1, which has a lower melting point than that of BCu-1, it is also possible to braze graphite to Cu. The shear strength of a graphite/graphite joint with a 0.12-mm thick Fe foil at room temperature was about 32more » MPa. Further, the bending strength of the graphite/graphite and /Cu joints at 873 K (1,112 F), as measured using the four-point bending test, was 35 and 11 MPa, respectively. In addition, the technique can be applied to the brazing of AISI 304 stainless steel to high-C steel with BCu-1 where, normally, Cr[sub 23]C[sub 6] and Cr[sub 7]C[sub 3] layers are formed at the high-C steel braze interface; these carbide layers result in the loss of mechanical properties of the joint.« less


ABSTRACT In this study, educators, LGBTQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or questioning their sexuality) students, and their allies in a southwestern Pennsylvania sample reported their perceptions of bullying of LGBTQ youth and school climate and awareness of anti-bullying laws and policies within their school systems. Results indicate differences in students' and educators' perceptions of the frequency of bullying of LGBTQ students and support for LGBTQ students. LGBTQ students report significantly more bullying of LGBTQ students than their straight allies as well as educators for all forms of bullying assessed. Additionally, educators perceive higher levels of support for students from school personnel and students than reported by students. The importance of educator understanding and intervention in the bullying experiences of LGBTQ students is discussed.


Jacques Bertrand and André Laliberté (eds.). 2010. Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. 330 pages. By Rizal G. Buendia Anthony Meloto. 2009. Builder of Dreams. Mandaluyong City: Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation, Inc. By Ralph S. Browery Jorge V. Tigno (ed.). 2009. State Politics and Nationalism Beyond Borders: Changing Dynamics in Filipino Overseas Migration. Quezon City: The Philippine Migrant Research Network and the Philippine Social Science Council. 169 pages. By Alicor Panao Yuko Kasuya. 2009. Presidential Bandwagon: Parties and Party Systems in the Philippines. Manila: Anvil Publishing Inc. 268 pages. By Michael G. Antonio Athena Lydia Casambre. 2010. Discourses on Cordillera Autonomy. Baguio: Cordillera Studies Center. 108 pages. By Raymund John P. Rosuelo Marites Dañguilan Vitug. 2010. Shadow of Doubt: Probing the Supreme Court. Manila: Public Trust Media Group. 268 pages. By Julio S. Amador III


This paper deals with the advancement of the fixed bed gasification technology in processing technique, equipment selection and piping layout etc. in recent years. Some new technique and technology of energy saving and environment protection are mainly introduced.


(p. 148). Indeed, accounts by jazz musicians who were active in the 1930s and 1940s tend to support Scott DeVeaux's observation that "personal relations between blacks and whites were more collegial than in perhaps any other professional sphere of the time" (DeVeaux, The Birth of Bebop: A Social and Musical History [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997], 168). Meltzer's aim is to emphasize the differing perspectives of black and white writers, but what really emerges from these volumes is the contrast between jazz commentators and jazz performers, regardless of racial background. LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka), for example, writes that "[b]ebop rebelled against the absorption into garbage, monopoly music; it also signified a rebellion by the people who played the music" (p. 183). But Dizzy Gillespie states, "It's true, melodically, harmonically, and rhythmically, we found most pop music too bland and mechanically unexciting to suit our tastes. But we didn't attempt to destroy it—we simply built on top of it by substituting our own melodies, harmonies, and rhythms over the pop music form and improvised on that" (p. 190). Thomas J. Porter writes, "It is very important to understand that music, like all art regardless of its form, is ideological. That is, it reflects or transmits certain political, class, and national interests" (p. 229). Evidently, pianist Mary Lou Williams was unaware of this the night "we ran into a place where Ben Pollack had a combo which included Jack Teagarden and, I think, Benny Goodman. The girls introduced me to the Texas trombonist, and right away we felt like friends. After work, he and a couple of musicians asked us to go out, and we visited most of the speaks downtown" (p. 136). Ortiz M. Walton writes, "The constant drive of the bop rhythm section, coupled with an inscrutable Afro-American ethos in soloistic playing, sharply delimited white competition. If one compares the recordings of whites with those of black players, musical differences are immediately recognizable" (p. 202). But Dizzy Gillespie recalls, "People noticed I had two white guys in the group—Al Haig, piano, and Stan Levey on drums. I guess because it seemed strange during the time of segregation. Almost everyone disregarded the fact that both cats were excellent musicians and devotees of the modern style. I didn't hire them because of their color but because they could play our music" (p. 204–5). But readers may draw their own conclusions from the diverse writings found in this volume. Even if Meltzer's underlying premise is fundamentally flawed, as I believe it is, this book's value as an anthology remains firm. Containing much that is relevant but obscure, it will make a valuable addition to any reference shelf. Without question, Meltzer has succeeded in producing an essential anthology that is at the same time challenging and controversial.


Background: Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) syndrome is characterized by an accumulation of mucin in the dermis. Objective: To elucidate the mechanism of mucin deposition, the response of REM syndrome fibroblasts to various exogenous factors was studied. Method: REM and control fibroblasts were treated with potent modulators including tumor necrosis factor-α, basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -4. Results: IL-1β failed to stimulate glycosaminoglycan synthesis in REM fibroblasts whereas it stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis up to 6-fold in control fibroblasts. The stimulation of glycosaminoglycan was caused largely by a comparable increase in hyaluronic acid. Conclusion: These results suggest that the patient fibroblasts exhibit an abnormal response to stimulation by exogenous IL-1β and that IL-1β may be involved in the abnormal hyaluronic acid metabolism in REM syndrome.


This study examines the factors that influence teenager women Muslims (muslimah) of K-Pop fans' behavior in Surabaya regarding impulsive buying, the role of Twitter in eliciting their impulsive buying behavior, and to comprehend their understanding about the impact of impulsive buying as well. Using a virtual ethnographic approach, the findings have revealed that that impulsive buying behavior was influenced by friendship and the convenience facilities provided by Twitter related to information and promotions about K-Pop merchandise. This gave rise to a new culture of impulsive buying. However, teenager Muslim women of K-Pop fans are actually aware that impulsive buying behavior violates religious norms. Therefore, their behavior in purchasing K-Pop merchandise is based on rational choices.


WE can well believe the report that Mr. Lloyd George is surrounded by some of the cleverest men in England. The cunning of his policy is undeniable; and it is all directed to the one great aim of keeping Mr. Lloyd George Prime Minister. But for the Miners' strike, it is certain that nothing could have saved Mr. Lloyd George's Government from death by exposure during the coming winter. All his promises would have come home to roost; and the fruit of his resolution to make a new heaven and earth in England would have been found to be the worst winter for Labour and the general consumer that this country has experienced since the hungry 'forties. The experiences are still due, since nothing whatever is really being done to avert them; but Mr. Lloyd George's responsibility is being slowly but surely transferred from his back to that of the Miners. No strike would not have suited the policy of Mr. Lloyd George's clever advisers. The settlement of the strike a day or two after it had begun would have been very little better; the scapegoat would not have been fatted to the degree required by its prospective burden of Government guilt. But a week or a fortnight's strike would be amply sufficient to bear all the blame of whatever the winter may bring forth. If the rest of the nation cannot, Mr. Lloyd George can face the winter with a cheerful political heart; his sins, which were many, have all been washed away by the Miners' Federation. * * * For this among other and better reasons we have wished from the first that the present ruinous strike should be compromised at the earliest possible moment. It is no use pretending that there is any principle at stake in it; it is not only a mere wagestrike, but it runs counter to all the expressed opinions of its chief leaders. Did not both Mr. Smillie and Mr. Hodges say long ago that the vicious circle had to be broken, that it was not wages that had to be raised, but the cost of living that had to be reduced? Yet here they are pursuing a wage-policy after having dropped the demand for a reduction in the cost of living. It is impossible to accept their contention that between now and a few months ago the vicious circle has been squared, and is no longer either a circle or vicious. It is the same geometrical figure to-day as yesterday; and precisely the same effects are to be anticipated from it. Either the increase in wages SILBERER. By J. A. M. Alcock .


The aim was to study the parameters of bone mineral density (BMD) and frequency of fragility fractures in males and females with ischemic stroke depending on a side of brain injury and duration of post-stroke period. Materials and methods. We examined 140 patients aged 50–80 years old, divided into 2 groups: I – subjects without any diseases influencing the bone state and II – patients after ischemic stroke. BMD indexes (BMDs) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry method. Results. The males with stroke had significantly lower parameters of total body, upper extremity and trunk BMDs compared to indexes of the control group without any differences in lower extremities BMDs in contrast to women with stroke who had lower BMDs of total body, trunk and upper/lower extremities compared to parameters of the control group. Almost all measured BMDs were significantly lower on a paretic side compared to BMDs on a non-paretic side, except distal radius and total lower extremities BMDs in men with stroke in contrast to women who demonstrated significantly lower femoral neck and total femur BMDs compared to the control group. Most BMDs were decreased in females with post-stroke period duration of more than 1 year in contrast to data in men who did not show any BMD differences, except significantly decreased BMD of upper extremities compared to the control group. Fragility fractures were revealed in 21.4 % of patients after stroke (31.8 % in women and 10.0 % in men, P < 0.05), their frequency was higher only in women compared to the control group patients. Conclusions. BMDs in stroke patients are lower and frequency of osteoporosis is higher with some sex differences that should be taken into account in their assessment and development of rehabilitation programs for older age subjects.


Extracted from text ... Southern African Forestry Journal - No. 194, July 2002 1
Guest Editorial
The 8%-4% debate: Commercial afforestation and
water use in South Africa
INTRODUCTION
An estimate that commercial afforestation uses 8% of
the country's water supplies has been quoted so often
that it is has become a basis for discussions about
commercial forestry and water use. Although disputed
by many stakeholders in the forestry industry,
the figure of 8% has been bandied around, by both
protagonists and antagonists of commercial afforestation
so often, that like the long held belief that 8000
elephants is the optimum number for the Kruger
National ..


The relationships between lower and higher order cumulants of deterministic and random continuous signals are presented. This theory is used to develop time- and frequency-domain algorithms for the estimation of correlations (spectra) from triple correlations (bispectra) using acousto-optic processors. Cumulants are of interest because they are insensitive to a wide class of additive noises, including Gaussian noise of unknown covariance. Thus, noise-insensitive correlation (spectrum) estimates can be derived from higher order correlations (polyspectra). The potential for noise insensitivity is examined through the variance of power spectrum estimates based on conventional (second-order) and bispectrum statistics. A proof-of-principle experiment was carried out using an acousto-optic four-product processor to estimate the autocorrelation of a wideband periodic signal. The experimental data are compared with a simulation to validate the results.


AlGaN/AlGaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been developed for potential use in deep-UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) and exceed the performance of all previously reported nitride DBRs for deep-UV wavelengths. The DBRs were grown on 4H-SiC by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. All layers had Al content exceeding 50% thus minimizing light absorption within the structure. DBRs are demonstrated with 19.5 periods to be 80% reflective at 254 and 280 nm, with clear routes for improvement.


: In order to deeply understand the complex three-dimensional flow phenomenon in a rotating machinery such as a hydrodynamic torque converter and obtain the pressure distribution law of the typical sites of the stator blades surface, a testbench scheme of the fluid pressure field on the stator blade surface is proposed. The micro dynamic pressure sensors are adopted to measure pressure distribution of typical sites on the stator blade surface under different operation conditions of various input speeds and speed ratios. The test data are compared with the CFD numerical simulation of flow field. The results show that the test data are in good agreement with the simulation results. The variation trend of the pressure field on the blade surface is accurately described. The frequency of the pressure pulsation on the blade surface is related to the rotational speed of the impeller and the number of blades. This pressure field test not only validates the numerical simulation of flow field, but also provides a theoretical reference for the design of dynamic performance of rotating machinery.


When it comes to the planning of maintenance and renewals, understanding the relationships between cost and time through efficient resource allocation can be beneficial. Swiss Federal Railways is rolling out fixed slots across more of its network, having experimented with them on several busy routes, as detailed in this article.


The invention discloses a security-robot-based remote smart home security monitoring system and method. The system includes a security monitoring node, a master control board, a PC remote client, a security robot and a wireless router. The security monitoring node monitors home environment information, acquires monitoring data and sends the data to the master control board. The master control board receives the monitoring data. If the monitoring data appears abnormal, the master control board sends abnormity information to a user. The user uses the PC remote client to send an operation command to the master control board through internet and the wireless router and the master control boards forwards the operation command to the security robot, so that remote operation of the security robot is realized. The security robot responds to the abnormity information according to the operation command. The master control board is in wireless communication with the security monitoring node and the security robot, so that wire arrangement is saved and system flexibility is improved. The user can control the security robot through the PC remote client and respond to the abnormity information, so that remote control of abnormity information is realized and danger can be handled timely.


The matrix performances and formula of thin wall diamond bits were designed and discussed.The requirements of cut media to bit matrix performances were analyzed in details.Several bit matrix formula for cutting building stones and steel reinforcement concretes were selected out based on theoretical analyses and practices.The design bit can meet the requirements of actual work conditions.


Abstract Activated sludge pilot plant studies were carried out in order to investigate the treatability of ethylene glycol, an organic chemical commonly used as a ‐coolant in the pharmaceutical industry. Four completely mixed, single‐stage, activated sludge units, with a capacity of 80‐litres were operated in parallel. The effect of various concentrations of the test chemical on the sludge settleability, the sludge growth, and the plant performance in terms of BOD and COD removal were examined during the study. It was concluded that a concentration of 0.1% ethylene glycol in the raw wastewater of the full‐scale plant was treatable, as higher concentrations appeared to cause a deterioration in the floc structure and to enhance Nocardia scum formation on the surface of the aeration basin.


The utility model is composed of a hull, an air chamber, an anchor device and a rigging system, wherein, a flat bottom part of the flat-bottom hull can contact with a tidal flat ground and is provided with a concave space as the air chamber; the anchor device system and the rigging system are both arranged on a ship surface. The air chamber can reduce the contact pressure of the ground to the hull and can also reduce ground adsorption to provide convenience for dragging movement. The utility model is suitable for sludge beaches with poor bearing capacity, has moving and steering functions, and can be used for carrying heavy equipment, and as a mudflat carrying tool for heavy equipment for laying pipes, cables, drilling, etc.


The invention relates to a real three-dimensional display system and a display method; an image projection device in a case is connected with a motion display screen arranged above the case; a display area of the motion display screen is arranged on the top of the case; the motion display screen intercepts two-dimensional image flow projected by the image projection device at different positions of a Z axis; the two-dimensional image flow forms 1-N two-dimensional images at different positions of the Z axis; the motion display screen rotates at the rotating speed of 480 to 600r/min, so that the two-dimensional images which are continuously intercepted at different positions of the Z axis are synthesized into a real three-dimensional image; the real three-dimensional image is displayed in an X,Y,Z three-dimensional space; and the invention randomly observes an scene to be observed in 360 degrees and is used to produce the real three-dimensional image with true physical depth in the three-dimensional space. The invention breaks through the bottleneck of three-dimensional display definition, so as to realize tens of millions of three-dimensional image body elements; the three-dimensional image is directly observed without any auxiliary equipment; and a rear projection type is adopted, the whole system is integrated, so as to facilitate transportation and maintenance.


This thesis focuses on the development of mathematical models and optimization algorithms for the design of sustainable supply chains. We propose single-period, multi-commodity, multi-mode, four level models (suppliers, production facilities, warehouses and customers) covering economic and environmental pillars of sustainable development. The decision variables are related to the location of the intermediate logistics sites (production units and warehouses), the choice of technology and mode of transport, and the determination of product flow. A first model is based solely on minimizing total costs. This model is extended to bi-objective minimization by considering CO2 emissions. We propose an optimization procedure based on the Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) metaheuristic, which had almost never been applied to problems with mixed variables such as design supply chain. Our extension to the bi-objective case involves the use of the multi-directional local search (MDLS). Extensive numerical experiments assess the relevance of our model and compare the performance of our algorithms to those of a state-of-the-art solver.


Wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is known as "chuli" or
"zardalu" in Himachal Pradesh (HP, India) where it grows
in the hills at altitudes of 1000-1700 meters. The fruits have
medicinal properties and seedlings are used as rootstocks
for commercial apricot, peach and plum orchards (Parmar
and Kaushal, 1982). Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus
(ACLSV), genus Trichovirus, has been reported to cause
"viruela" and "butteratura" diseases in apricot and is cause
of apricot decline (Sutic et al., 1999). Infections are normally
symptomless but can result in severe graft incompatibility
with some Prunus combinations. During surveys for
ACLSV infection in P. armeniaca, leaf samples (30 from
cultivated and 23 from wild plants) were collected and subjected
to ELISA in triplicate. Positive results were obtained
from 14 samples. Inoculation of leaf extracts of the positive
samples to Chenopodium amaranticolor resulted in small
chlorotic spots on inoculated leaves. RT/PCR using degenerate
primers (Accession Nos. AM490253 and AM490254)
designed to yield amplicons corresponding to the complete
coat protein gene gave a 758 bp product. Sequence analysis
of amplicons from wild (AM498048) and cultivated
(AM498045) apricot virus isolates showed 94% and 95%
identity at the nucleotide and amino acid level among
themselves, and were 92% to 96% identical at the amino
acid level with two apple ACLSV isolates from HP. Indian
ACLSV isolates were similar to others with the exception
of a Turkish isolate [70% similarity (Ulubas and Ertunc,
2005)] (AJ586636). ACLSV from cultivated apricot was
91% similar to an Italian (AJ586635) and a Spanish
(AJ586632) virus isolate. This is the first report of ACLSV
infection of apricot in India, and of ACLSV infection of
wild apricot.


Recent research suggests that greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of mental health problems. Because societal parameters may have gender-specific implications, our objective was to explore whether the "vulnerability paradox" equally applies to women and men. Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence data for women and men were retrieved from 11 population studies (N = 57,031): conducted in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. We tested statistical models with vulnerability, gender, and their interaction as predictors. The average lifetime PTSD prevalence in women was at least twice as high as it was in men and the vulnerability paradox existed in the prevalence data for women and men (R 2 = .70). We could not confirm the possibility that gender effects are modified by socioeconomic and cultural country characteristics. Issues of methodology, language, and cultural validity complicate international comparisons. Nevertheless, this international sample points at a parallel paradox: The vulnerability paradox was confirmed for both women and men. The absence of a significant interaction between gender and country vulnerability implies that possible explanations for the paradox at the country-level do not necessarily require gender-driven distinction. The lifetime risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women is at least twice as high as the risk in men, a gender disparity that has received attention in several studies (Christiansen & Hansen, 2015; Ditlevsen & Elklit, 2010; Olff, Langeland, Draaijer, & Gersons, 2007; Tolin & Foa, 2006). Research suggests that greater exposure to trauma cannot account for the increased risk of PTSD in women Dückers, M.L.A., Olff, M. Does the vulnerability paradox in PTSD apply to women and men? An exploratory study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: 2017, 30(2), 200-204 This is a NIVEL certified Post Print, more info at http://www.nivel.eu (Yehuda et al., 2015). Although men might experience higher levels of exposure in general (often war-related exposure types), it is the type of trauma (such as sexual violence) to which women are more exposed rather than the level of exposure that has been associated with a higher conditional prevalence of PTSD in women. Many other psychological, social, and biological factors can potentially explain the greater vulnerability to PTSD in women compared to men (Olff et al., 2007). To date, research has primarily focused on individual or group-level risk and protective factors against PTSD (Brewin, Andrews, & Valentin, 2000; Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). Only a few empirical studies have examined the relevance of country-level factors. Recently, we identified a "vulnerability paradox"—a counterintuitive association between mental health and the resources of countries, measured using a broad collection of socioeconomic datasets (Dückers, Alisic, & Brewin, 2016). We predicted the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in different countries using data from the World Risk Report, capturing various countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity in one index (Welle & Birkmann, 2016). Although at an individual person's level the possession of greater resources is protective against PTSD, we found that countries with greater wealth and equality, better health care and education, and longer life expectancy are characterized by a higher lifetime prevalence of PTSD (Brewin et al., 2000; Dückers et al., 2016). An additional study confirmed that higher exposure and lower vulnerability levels are accompanied by a higher prevalence in any mental disorder, with the largest effect size in mood disorders (Dückers & Brewin, 2016). There are few explanations for this so far, but we can hypothesize that exposure has a relatively greater impact in a safe, well-resourced, well-organized environment, where people are more individualistic, less hindered by stigma and taboos, have high expectations about their prospects in life, and find it difficult to deal with the consequences of unanticipated obstacles in long-term goal realization (Dückers & Brewin, 2016; Dückers et al., 2016). In this study, we took gender differences in PTSD into account and sought to answer the following question: Does the vulnerability paradox apply to women and men? We hypothesized that it would. However, if we consider that some of the societal parameters may have gender-specific implications (e.g., access to the protective factor social support that women are known to be more likely to seek out) and may not be as commonplace in less-vulnerable, individualistic countries, the effect in women might be stronger than in men (Dückers et al., 2016; Olff, 2012; Olff et al., 2007). Vulnerability would in that case modify the effect of being female on PTSD prevalence.


Purpose
This paper aims to assess the feasibility of a hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing system (HMRS) for essential commodities in the context of COVID-19. Specifically, it emphasises using HMRS based on costs associated with various manufacturing activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The combination of mathematical model and system dynamics is used to model the HMRS system. The model was tried on sanitiser bottle manufacturing to generalise the result.

Findings
The remanufacturing cost is higher because of reverse logistics, inspection and holding costs. Ultimately remanufacturing costs turn out to be lesser than the original manufacturing the moment system attains stability.

Practical implications
The study put forth the reason to encourage remanufacturing towards sustainability through government incentives.

Originality/value
The study put forth the feasibility of the HMRS system for an essential commodity in the context of a covid pandemic. The research implemented system dynamics for modelling and validation.


Matt Griffiths raises some good points on the need to educate patients about the safety of medication from unknown sources and imported medicines (reflections April 1).


This report focuses on the scientific importance of long-term space experiments for the advancement of biological science and the benefit of humankind. It includes a collection of papers that explore the scientific potential provided by the capability to manipulate organisms by removing a force that has been instrumental in the evolution and development of all organisms. Further, it provides the scientific justification for why the long-term space exposure that can be provided by a space station is essential to conduct significant research.


Objective To prepare the induced liver cancer model of high transfer rate in rats. Methods 100 mg /kg in DEN was intraperitoneal injected in 40,130- 150 g male Wistar rats,and water with 100 ppm NMOR was given,too. The livers and lungs of 4 rats were analyzed by HE staining at 2,4,10,12,14,20 weeks respectively. Furthermore,AFP was analyzed by immunohistochemistry method. Results The liver of model rats turned yellow from the 2e dweek. The liver scattered nodules appeared at the 10 t hweeks. Larger nodules appeared at more than 20 t hweeks,and 60% of pulmonary metastasis appeared. Conclusions The liver HE results showed that the modeling process simulated the trilogy of human liver cancer development successfully:liver fibrosis,cirrhosis of the liver- liver cancer. The model could be used in the study of human liver cancer.


Introduction : According to global statistics, stroke is known as the main health problem in the world. Many clinical and molecular research, which are stored in the different repository with the various format have been conducted in the area of stroke domain. The heterogeneity of these research data does not make a comprehensive view of the disease. Recently, translational research has been developed to fill the gap between these studies. In this study, we used the integrative disease modeling method to model the underlying mechanism of stroke risk factors. Material and Methods : This study was conducted in three steps: data gathering, model construction, and mechanism discovery. First, using semantic and information retrieval tools, we extracted the cause and effect statement from the literature to create the mechanistic model, and the validated molecular data to evaluate the constructed model. Then, the integrative model was created and evaluated. Finally, we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to identify the main biological process and signaling pathways in the mechanism of the disease.  Results : In the evidence-based information retrieval from the literature, 1837 causal statement was extracted. The initial network was created with 648 nodes (molecular, clinical, and environmental factors) and 1837 edges (interactions). Also, 51 genes/proteins and nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were matched with data in the model. The inflammatory response, response to lipid, regulation of body fluid levels, and regulation of response to stress, complement and coagulation cascades, and PPAR signaling pathway were the main biological processes and signaling pathways enriched in GSEA analysis. Conclusion :  This study showed that we can identify the underlying mechanism of stroke risk factors and use a proper strategy to prevent it, using Integrative Disease Modeling.


Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported not to occur with all antihypertensive agents. Moreover, a dissociation between blood pressure response to medical therapy and reversal of ventricular hypertrophy has been previously observed. To evaluate the effects of captopril we studied the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in 26 severe hypertensive patients who received the drug for more than one year. In 14 patients with normal pretreatment ECG, captopril controlled blood pressure effectively [132±2.9 (SE) to 104±3.9 mmHg, p<0.001], but had no effect on ECG voltage. In 12 patients with pretreatment LVH, two different response patterns were observed despite similar blood pressure control (144±4.9 to 102±3.1 mmHg and 148±7.3 to 109±7.3 mmHg, p<0.001 for both): seven had complete normalization of ECG while five had residual LVH pattern. No significant difference was found between the latter two groups in regard to age, sex, weight, etiology of hypertension, pretreatment ECG voltage, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, duration of treatment and duration of maintained blood pressure control. The reversal of LVH pattern occurred early (between 12 to 16 months) with no overall correlation between lowering of blood pressure and ECG voltage changes. The heterogeneity of response observed in this study suggests that factors other than blood pressure control modify the reversal of cardiac hypertrophy by antihypertensive therapy.


By monthly assay of ouabain, from January through December for one year, it has been demonstrated that the frog shows a definite seasonal variation, being less susceptible during the months of July, August, September, and October. Similar assays have been carried out in cats, also throughout a twelve-month cycle, and no seasonal variations have been detected.


Purpose: This study aimed to compare expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family and insulin-like growth factor- 1 receptor (IGF-1R) before and after targeted therapy in HER-2 positive breast cancers. Methods: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER-3, HER-4, and IGF-1R were immunohistochemically determined using pairwise archives tumor blocks of 28 patients received chemotherapy and HER-2 directed therapy between January 2007 and December 2011. Of them, 5 good responders achieved a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy and 23 poor responders experienced disease progression or metastasis even HER-2 targeted therapy. Expression of biomarkers was compared using chi-square test. Results: Stage II, III, and IV was 14 (50.0%), 11 (39.3%), and 3 (10.7%) patients, respectively. Hormone receptors-positive tumors were 15 (53.6%) patients and 9 (32.1%) patients received tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without trastuzumab. Positive expression of initial EGFR, HER-3, HER-4, and IGF-1R was determined in 15 (53.6%), 11 (39.3%), 22 (78.6%), and 14 (50.0%) patients, respectively. Although there was no statistical significance, good responders showed a higher proportion of positive HER-3 expression. Among 23 poor responders, growth factor receptors family expression showed a trend of concordant results, however, unpredictively certain patients demonstrated discordant results between before and after targeted therapy. Conclusion: Unpredicted correlation of growth factor receptors family expression suggested that complex and personalized resistance mechanisms may be involved to HER-2 directed therapy. However, HER-3 expression might be associated with responsiveness to HER-2 targeted therapy. It would be important to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for overcoming resistance to HER-2 targeted therapy.


Several insta nces ha ve come to my a ttention, in the last four yea r s, of beetles emerging from Aoors and walls of wooden buildings in this Province. I am awa re that mention of this type of emergence has been m ade in lite ra ture , but the only record I can loca te in the scanty literature avai lab le to me, is in Gra ham's "Principles of Forest Entomology," in which he refers to beetles emerging from furniture twenty yea rs af ter it was manufactured. U nfortunate ly, he is not specific as to the specie s of beet le a nd of the wood concerned, a nd he g ives no refe rences.


In modern landscapes, small habitat patches such as woodlands isolated in an agricultural matrix, can be important refuges for wildlife. However, their value as habitat may be compromised by their size and thus knowledge of how habitat structure influences habitat quality is vital to maximize species diversity. This study examined the factors driving avian diversity in four small woods in an agricultural landscape, and how accurately remote sensing (RS) metrics were able to quantify this. Linear mixed-effect models were used to combine annual breeding bird census data with data of habitat structure from satellite images and airborne lidar. The aims were firstly to examine the drivers of bird diversity, and secondly to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the compared RS datasets in quantifying them. The results showed that, at first, bird diversity increased significantly towards the edges, being driven in part by vegetation structure. The amount of understorey vegetation was the most significant driver of diversity, due to which lidar-based models outperformed satellite-based ones. In general, lidar metrics correlated strongly with bird diversity, but such relationships were not discovered with satellite image metrics. The results indicate that the drivers of diversity, especially in fragmented woodlands may be too fine-scaled to be studied without sufficient consideration of the structural component of vegetation, which was proven to be attainable from lidar data.


: Today, with the rapid development of society, all countries pay close attention to the soft power of culture, pay more attention to cultural exchanges and cooperation, and absorb excellent traditional culture through mutual reference. Xinjiang artists, with a strong sense of time and responsibility, have made unremitting efforts for the development of Xinjiang's art through their enthusiasm for art, and achieved certain results. Therefore, this paper is based on the impact of Chinese culture on Xinjiang art theme creation. This paper first outlines the cultural value of Chinese traditional culture in Xinjiang art theme creation and other related concepts, then analyzes and discusses the students' art learning and the problems in art theme education, and finally analyzes the integration of traditional culture and art education and puts forward relevant countermeasures. The research results prove that the creation of Xinjiang art subject matter influenced by Chinese culture is recognized by most students.


Entity disclosure & sniff out is being studied from years together and is one of the area where research is constantly carried out. In today's world it is a great challenge to generate an approach which is robust, accurate & high performing. How an entity is disclosed & sniffed out is defined as one of difficult task. One of the visual features, say a particular color is used as representation of an entity then the method discloses as a entity all the pixels with same color. On another side it is very hard to disclose accurately the face of particular person with full details (different actions & lightning changes) and to recognize, track. The biggest challenge is tracking entity in a video, since the entities are in motion. If a camera is fixed at appropriate point, as the entity moves in the area covered by it there is dramatic change in the entity image. This change occurs from three sources: if there is any change in the target posture, lightning changes and Due to change in camera setup property it is not possible either partially or fully to see what we wished to see. The videos that are captured under various environment needs to be understood in order to know the activities of entity, the task is very challenging and is used by many applications for companies, scientific research, educational institutions. What motivated in studying this problem is to create a system where moving entity surveillance in real time can be disclosed and sniffed out.


of and factor (PDGF) as a signal transduction pathway. a negative regulator of Prox1 expression, transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β ), which is an inducer of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in lymphatic endothelial cells, and its underlying molecular mechanism.


Key Points Question As human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cervical screening modalities change and HPV vaccination becomes more widespread, what are the likely outcomes for the interpretation of screening modalities? Findings In this decision analytical model with a simulated population of women aged 25 years and older, HPV-based screening modalities detected more abnormal cervical cells than traditional liquid-based cytology (LBC) approaches, but they did so at the cost of increased false positives. However, as HPV vaccination increased, HPV-based modalities resulted in fewer unnecessary colposcopies than LBC methods. Meaning These findings suggest that the ideal screening modality for a given population should account for HPV vaccination status to maximize the efficiency of screening.


This chapter contains sections titled: Network Structure Feature Selection Types of Learning Interpretation of Output Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Exercises References


There are some serious issues with the recruitment and motivation of the faculty in the publicly-funded higher education of the Russian Federation. They are a significant reduction in the number of teaching staff, a substantial part of the old-age staff, an increase in the total workload and extracurricular work. The most important reason of the described problems is the issue of remuneration. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to suggest some directions for the development of the material remuneration systems for the employees in the publicly funded higher education. The methodological basis of the research are such methods as analysis and synthesis, as well as abstraction and a structurally systematic approach. As a result, it was determined that: 1) unreasonably low official salaries established by professional qualification groups do not provide the reproduction function of wages in full; 2) the differentiation of official salaries for the lecturers of the same qualification level and the position held, due to the size of the financing of budgetary institutions and the remuneration policy of the university, leads to a violation of the principle of "an equal pay for an equal work"; 3) the presence of a large number of incentive payments in the salary structure leads to the "opacity" of wages. The following recommendations are formulated: the salary structure considering the specifics of the publicly funded higher education is justified, methodological approaches to the structure of the official salaries, as well as the incentive and compensation payments are developed.


Some Properties of C*-Algebras Associated to Discrete Linear Groups.- Generalized Inductive Limits and Quasidiagonality.- Approximate Unitary Equivalence and the Topology of Ext(A, B).- Free Products of Exact Groups.- Random Matrices and Non-Exact C*-Algebras.- Das nicht-kommutative Michael-Auswahlprinzip und die Klassifikation nicht-einfacher Algebren.- C*-Algebraic Deformation Quantization of Closed Riemann Surfaces.- Index of ?-Equivariant Toeplitz Operators.- Twisted Actions and Obstructions in Group Cohomology.- Boundary Actions for Affine Buildings and Higher Rank Cuntz-Krieger Algebras.- Crossed Products by C*-Correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner Algebras.- The Baum-Connes Conjecture for Groupoids.- C*-Exact Groups.- Some Free Ordered C*-Modules.- Quasi-free Automorphisms of Cuntz-Krieger-Pimsner Algebras.


The histaminic poisoning is a pathology different from the IgE-mediated food intolerance where the histamine is released from mast cells and basophils in accord to an antigen-antibody reaction. The orally applied histamine is scarcely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and the activity of the DAO is very important for its metabolism. If this activity is scarce the intestinal absorption increases and the high plasmatic levels of the amine cause histaminic poisoning. The functional deficit of the DAO can be spontaneous or caused by the restraining effect of the other food amines (putrescine, tyramine), ethanol and some drugs. By ion-pair HPLC we determined biogenic amines particularly in some cheeses (gorgonzola and toma) and alcoholic beverages (wine and beer). We wanted to verify if the levels could cause cheese reaction or histaminic poisoning. These levels in matured or fermented cheeses were very higher than in the beverages and their very big variability was topic. The possible risks from food with high levels of amines must be valued on the basis of their consumption and individual factors.


Abstract Brillouin scattering measurements have been carried out in the liquid crystal mixture Merck ZLI-2861 with a low viscosity and a broad nematic phase. Scattering from longitudinal acoustic phonons with different wave vectors was measured by changing the geometries from backscattreing to nearly forward scattering that cover the frequency range from 10 to 1 GHz. In the nematic phase the dispersion in both the hypersonic attenuation and sound velocity is describing by a single relaxation process with the characteristic frequency 3.2 GHz. Evident anomalies in attenuation and hypersonic velocity were found at lower temperatures in the vicinity of the phase transition from a nematic to, probably, a smectic state.


The aim of this study was to determine discrepancies in fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnoses and anticipated early postnatal care and outcomes.


An x‐ray microprobe system with total‐reflection mirror optics for trace element analysis has been developed at beamline 37XU of SPring‐8. To achieve sub‐microprobe, a spatial filter has been installed downstream of a monochromator. Focusing tests have been performed in the x‐ray energy range of 6–14 keV. A focused beam size of 0.83 μm(V)×1.35 μm(H) has been obtained at an x‐ray energy of 10 keV, and using a spatial filter in the horizontal direction, the beam size is down to 0.84 μm. Micro‐x‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy of submicrometer particles has been done by utilizing the total‐reflection mirror optics. It was clearly observed from the nickel K‐edge XAFS spectra that the oxidation state of nickel was a mixture of metal and oxide even in the single submicrometer particle.


Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) mono and multilayers are promising hosts for room temperature single photon emitters (SPEs) with excellent optical properties. In this work, we use high energy (~MeV) electron irradiation as a means to generate stable SPEs in hBN. Four different types of exfoliated hBN flakes were subjected to the study- namely, high purity multilayers, isotopically pure hBN, carbon rich hBN multilayers and monolayered material. The results indicate that electron irradiation increases emitter concentrations dramatically in all samples. Furthermore, the engineered emitters are distributed on all over the flat areas of the flakes, and that makes it easy to integrate hBN into photonic devices. After electron expose, the fluorescent emitters do not require activation by high temperature annealing of the host material. Our results provide important insights into controlled formation of hBN SPEs and may aid in identification of their crystallographic origin.


Recently, a new eating pattern called "Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)" has been coined. This study was aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MIND diet and risk of breast cancer (BC) among Iranian women.


It is quite common to find large magnetic anomalies originating from igneous rocks, both extrusive and intrusive, especially when they occur at shallow depths. When such rocks crop out, it is straightforward to correlate a particular anomaly with the outcrop. Such is the case with a large observed anomaly in T 14-15x, R 5_6W, Pacific County, Washington, where a large observed anomaly on the USGS (1958) aeromagnetic map may have its source closely identified with an igneous outcrop designated as Ez'z, Eocene volcanics, on the geologic map of Washington. to the extreme by computing the effects of an infinitely thin plate. This was not done in the memoir, but the formula for the computation of infinitely thin plates is developed on pages 46 and 47. Computations of these effects show that the difference in the depth parameters between infinitely thick and infinitely thin bodies is approximately 30 percent. Moreover, the anomaly forms are quite different, as one might cspect.


A controversial Oregon plan used quality-of-life assessments to provide fewer health care services to a larger pool of Medicaid patients. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


A checklist is presented which may be useful in development and implementation of general employee training (GET) in a large facility operation. The ideas behind formulation of the checklist are discussed and illustrated with examples from GET experience at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.


Hydrothermal decomposition of NaCN, Na2[Zn(CN)4] and Na3[Cu(CN)4] (particulary, Na2[Cu(CN)3]) in aqueous solution using a batch-type autoclave was investigated at the temperature range of 373K to 423K, under pressurized condition of 1 MPa. The initial CN concentration in the sample solution was set at 1g dm−3. As a results, it was found that the rate of CN decomposition in NaCN solution increased with an increase in the temperature. The decomposition rate was found to be expressed by first-order reaction kinetics. For the metal cyanide complexes, the rate of CN decomposition increased in the following order Cu < Zn < Na, which was attributed to a decrease in the stability constant of metal cyanide complexes in the same order. It was recognized that the reaction products of formic acid, ammonia, and carbonate were formed in the decomposition of NaCN and Na2[Zn(CN)4] in the experimental condition.By contrast, formic acid, ammonia, carbonate, nitrous acid, and nitrogen were produced by the decomposition of Na3[Cu(CN)4]. Furthermore, it was found that the metal ions of Cu and Zn were precipitated as insoluble CuO and ZnO, respectively.


Large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) are ine¤ective (neutral operations) in standard dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, and standard DSGE models forecast an increase in interest rates immediately after the recent recession given the predicted output and in‡ation, contradictory to the extended period of near-zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) conducted by the Federal Reserve. In this paper, I study two mechanisms for breaking LSAPs'neutrality as in Chen, Cúrdia, and Ferrero (2012) and Harrison (2012), and I also study two methods of modeling the ZIRP in DSGE models: the perfect foresight rational expectations model and the Markov regime-switching model which I develop in this paper. In this regime-switching model, I assume that, in one regime, the policy follows a Taylor rule, while, in the other regime, it involves a zero interest rate. I also construct the optimal …lter to estimate this regime-switching DSGE model with Bayesian methods. I …t those modi…ed DSGE models to the U.S. data from the third quarter of 1987 to the second quarter of 2010, and then, starting from the third quarter of 2010, I simulate the U.S. economy forward under four environments: no policy intervention, only LSAPs, only ZIRP for an extended period, and the combination of LSAPs and ZIRP. I compare the predicted paths of the macro University of Pennsylvania, 160 McNeil, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA19104 email: firstname.lastname@example.com. I am particularly indebted to my adviser Frank Schorfheide for his help and guidance, as well as my committee member Frank Diebold and Harold Cole. I would like to thank, without implication, James Nason. Several ideas in this paper originated from a conversation with him. I also thank Tao Zha for providing some of his codes and Andrea Ferrero and Andrew Clausen for helpful discussions.


The electrical control signal for an em operated engraving system is first fed to a storagae stage, and during the time it is stored a correction signal is derived. At the end of the storage time the correction signal and the original control signal are sent on to the system. Upon the feed to the system, the correction signal is set onto to it ahead in time of the original control signal. The correction signal is pref. adjustable in amplitude and operating period, e.g. in dependence on the tone value jump to be reproduced and the actual tone value.


Everyone knows that living in this world we as a human individual have needs. According to (Grawe,2007, p.169) "The goal a person forms during his or her life ultimately serve the satisfaction of basic needs". Currently in Indonesia, there are many companies and business that allows people to earn money. One of the various industries that produces a lot of earnings is the food and beverage service industry. Food and beverage services can be defined as the process of preparing and serving food and beverage to the customers. Additionally, currently a particular F&B service is on the rise in Indonesia, Coffeeshops, the number of coffeeshops in Indonesia has kept on growing and it can notably be seen by looking at various coffeeshops located everywhere in the past few years. A coffeeshop named Yakun Kaya Toast however, does belong to the coffeeshop industry but does not "really" belong in this category. Yakun Kaya Toast's history was that in the year 1926 a young boy named Loi Ah Koon set sail from Hainan Island to Singapore, knowing nobody there he naturally joined a Hainanese community there he then was introduced to work as an assistant in a Hainanese coffee stall. This study aims to analyze how marketing mix can help customer purchasing decision in , the Yakun Kaya Toast located in Jl. Iskandar Muda No.109, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20111.The sample used in this study is 110 respondents. For processing and analyzing data in this study, namely by using AMOS version 22.0 as software for data processing. This study has four hypotheses and all of them have significant results


Commercial circulation service industry is the leading industry of national economy and an important symbol of economic development level, and its development is of important strategic significance in driving the local economic development, guiding the consumption, increasing the employment rate and promoting the strategic adjustment of economic structure and transformation of economic growth pattern. With the constant deepening of economic system reform in China, the scale and strength of traditional state-owned commercial circulation enterprises have increased rapidly. Based on the analysis of the features and model of commercial circulation service industry, in this paper, the correlation of the current situation of human resources of commercial circulation service industry and higher vocational education is studied and the idea and method of improving the level of commercial talents by higher vocational education are put forward.


The relatively high vapor pressure of beryllium metal at the temperature required for the vacuum fusion reduction of its oxide by carbon can lead to severe gettering and loss of part of the carbon monoxide evolved in the reaction. Low and variable results for oxygen will be obtained unless the design of the vacuum fusion apparatus and operating technique are carefully controlled. These design and operating factors were investigated in part by fftting a recording ionization gage to the furnace head of a micro platinum-bath vacuum fusion apparatus, thus monitoring the progress of vacuum fusion reactions and the rate of removal of gas from the furnace head. The gage was used under static and dynamic gas conditions to investigate the gettering action of beryllium evaporated during the vacuum fusion of a sample. Other factors investigated include: the pumping speed characteristic of the gas-transfer diffusion pump, the vacuum fusion temperature, the enclosure of samples in capsules, the use of a tin addition with the sample, sample size, and the method of sampling. The most important factors are the maintenance of high pumping speeds for high pressures at the crucible and the use of capsules to enclose all samples. (auth)


The Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PVP composite micro/nanofibers with average diameters of around 300~500nm were prepared by sol-gel method combined with electrospinning technology. The influences of the calcination temperatures (800°C, 900°C, 1100°C) on the crystal structure, micromorphology and microwave absorbing property of the calcined products were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR, SEM and vector network analyzer. The results showed that the pure spinel structure of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were all formed when the composite micro/nanofibers were calcined at above 800°C. With the increase of calcination temperature, the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 grains gradually grown up which contained in the micro/nanofibers, and the micro/nanofiber morphology changed toward the bamboo-like structure, and eventually lost the fiber morphology and presented the irregular granlar forms. In the band of 2~18GHz, the minimum reflectivity of the products moved to high frequency gradually. The microwave absorbing property of the products after being calcinated at 800°Cwas better than being calcinated at 900°C and 1100°C.


In The Singer of Tales Albert Lord presents a description not so much of oral poetry as of oral traditional poetry. The concept of tradition permeates his presentation of the singer, the formula, the song, the theme, the effect of writing on the oral poet, and much else besides. Indeed, in Lord's special understanding of the terms, "oral poets who are not traditional do not exist" (1960:155). Hence, Lord expresses disappointment with the "fi rst singing" of a song (100),


This article offers a conceptual framework for understanding the diversity of pedagogies found in Talmud classrooms. It looks at how two different Orthodox Talmud teachers responded to an academic article about constructivist learning practices in the context of a professional development program. The case study presented in this article helps to illuminate Lev Vygotsky's theory of learning. Ultimately, this article argues that whether Jewish studies teachers are open or resistant to constructivist learning practices depends less on their particular theory of teaching and learning than on their understanding of Jewish culture.


Objective
To compare the therapeutic effects between anterior internal fixator (INFIX) and external fixator (EXFIX) for anterior pelvic ring fracture.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the 66 patients with anterior pelvic ring fracture who had been treated surgically from January 2016 to June 2017 at Department of Spinal Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University and at Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College. They were divided into an observation group and a control group according to their fixation of the anterior pelvic ring. In the observation group of 33 cases fixated with INFIX, there were 20 males and 13 females, aged from 32 to 47 years (38.8±4.8 years). By the Tile's classification, 15 of them belonged to type B and 18 to type C. In the control group of another 33 patients fixated with EXFIX, there were 19 males and 14 females, aged from 33 to 48 years (39.5±4.6 years). By the Tile's classification, 14 of them belonged to type B and 19 to type C. The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative fracture reduction, pelvic function and complications.

Results
The 66 patients were followed up for an average of 13.7 months(from 12 to 18 months). According to the Matta criteria for fracture reduction, 21 cases were excellent, 9 good, 2 fair and one poor in the observation group (excellent and good rate: 90.9%); 18 cases were excellent, 8 good, 5 fair and 2 poor in the control group (excellent and good rate: 78.8%). The difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (P 0.05). The incidences of screw loosening and pin track infection were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group[0 versus 24.2%(8/33) and 0 versus 18.2%(6/33), respectively] (both P<0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with EXFIX, INFIX can lead to better clinical outcomes and fewer operative complications in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures.

Key words:
Pelvis; Fractures, bone; Fracture fixation; Internal fixator; External fixator


Various information transmission systems, based on two-mode lasers with controlled emission frequencies, are proposed. It is suggested that these systems can be implemented by modulation of the intermode spacing of a two-mode laser. An experimental investigation is reported of frequency control methods. It is shown that these methods should make it possible to construct information transmission systems with high transmission rates subject to weak nonlinear distortions of the information-carrying signal.


Eight patients with office blood pressure >140/90 mmHg, despite being treated with at least three antihypertensive drugs, underwent catheter-based renal denervation. Secondary hypertension was excluded in all patients. Every patient underwent follow-up at 30 days, and then every 3 months. At 6 and 12 months the median value of systolic clinic blood pressure decreased from 161 mmHg (25 th -75 th percentiles: 158-191 mmHg) at baseline to 144 mmHg (25 th -75 th percentiles: 136-153 mmHg) at follow up (P=0.012), and the median value of diastolic clinic blood pressure decreased from 102 mmHg (25 th -75 th percentiles: 94-122 mmHg) at baseline to 90 mmHg (25 th -75 th percentiles: 78-99 mmHg) at follow-up (P=0.012). The number of medications decreased from 5 (range, 2-8) at baseline to 3.3 (range, 0-6) at follow up. There was a significant decrease of left ventricular mass index from a median of 160 g/m 2 (25 th -75 th percentiles: 147-151 g/m 2 ) at baseline to 126 g/m 2 (25 th -75 th percentiles 107-151 g/m 2 ) at follow-up (P=0.043) was detected. The renal function, and metabolic and neurohumoral parameters, did not change significantly. No complications were observed.


We consider a linear Lie group Η acting in a linear space L over the field C, and a linear representation Φ of Η. The action of Φ can turn out to be invariant, that is, the Lie group Η can have tensors that are invariant with respect to Φ. We remark that the broader the group H, the smaller the dimension of the space of its invariant tensors. If we extend if to a linear Lie group G given in the same space L and having a linear representation Ψ, then the set of invariant tensors is not thereby extended, of course. The question arises as to how much the space of invariant tensors changes in this case. This problem is very interesting but is too extensive for arbitrary linear Lie groups, so we shall limit it in some way. Sophus Lie classified the primitive transformation groups acting in spaces of one, two, and three dimensions [1]. The classification problem is equivalent to the problem of determining the maximal subgroups of Lie groups (where the subgroups must not contain non-trivial normal subgroups of the group). The case when the group is not simple was analysed by Morozov [2], The problem of maximal subgroups of simple groups was solved by Dynkin in [3], where the maximal subgroups of the classical groups were found among the reducible subgroups, and also among the non-simple irreducible subgroups. The case of simple irreducible subgroups is of greatest interest. In the course of a complex investigation Dynkin obtained the following exceptional result: for the most part the simple irreducible Lie groups are maximal in one of the classical groups, that is, they are not part of any other irreducible group not coinciding with a classical group. In view of this, the class of simple irreducible groups is very large, which definitely makes it more difficult to study. The question of maximal subgroups of the classical groups is directly connected with other very interesting objects: inclusions between irreducible linear Lie groups.


STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER rubbers are a class of materials whose uses cover the rubber, plastics and the adhesives industries. Since their commercial introduction in 1963, their use has become widespread and worldwide production capacity is over 700 million lbs/yr. In the rubber industry, these polymers offer the opportunity to produce finished articles on using fast cycling equipment developed for thermoplastics. The vulcanization step is eliminated and the scrap is reuseable. In the plastics industry these polymers can be blended with many thermoplastics to give flexibility and improve impact resistance. Otherwise incompatible polymers can often be blended together to give novel combinations of properties. In the adhesives industry, these polymers can be formulated to give either solutions with high solids content or hot melt adhesives. The last approach eliminates many of the problems such as air pollution, fire hazards, etc. associated with solvent based systems. In roofing applications, asphalts modified with these block copolymers are more flexible, especially at low temperatures.


BACKGROUND
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) is the dried root or rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim ex Balf. or Rheum officinale Braill of family Polygonaceae. It has heat clearing, damp drying, fire purging and toxin removing effects. Because of its definite curative efficacy, it has been widely applied in clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE
To study the inhibitory effect of emodin on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and its mechanism.

METHODS
MTT assay, flow cytometry and electron microscopy were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of emodin on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721.

RESULTS
12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the action of 20, 40 and 80 umol/L emodin on SMMC-7721 cells, the proliferation of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells was inhibited; the inhibitory effects showed time-and concentration-dependence. 48 h after the action of different concentrations of emodin on SMMC-7721 cells, cells in G2/M phase increased significantly, while the proportion of S phase cells gradually declined.

CONCLUSION
Emodin can inhibit human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721.


Radiochemical synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an eco-friendly method allowing the obtaining of controlled size, well dispersed and highly stable particles at very mild conditions. Colloidal silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-step process, in an aqueous system consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Ag+/isopropyl alcohol (IPA), irradiated at various doses by using high energy ionizing radiations (g-rays). The UV-Vis spectra have shown a maximum absorption peak in the range of 390-450 nm, specific for silver nanoparticles. The size of the obtained spherical shape nanoparticles was below 50 nm and decreased with increasing of the irradiation dose.


Smart Textiles for STEM training (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math's).is an
Erasmus+ project aiming to bridge Textile Companies with the Education sector via Smart Textiles
Innovation and Training. Industries have been surveyed to analyze the needs for new jobs and skills in
Smart textiles, contributing to improve the links with VET Schools training and closing the gap between
industry and education. During the project a number of smart textiles examples and prototypes are worked to
be transferred to Schools and used by students and teachers, aiming to foster STEM training.
This paper presents the results of the survey applied to selected textile companies on Technical and
Smart Textiles, based on data collected from 63 textile enterprises in Romania, Belgium, Slovenia, Portugal
and Czech Republic. The survey identifies existing opportunities for producing smart textiles in enterprises and
forecasting expected occupations and work profiles for young trainees.
The guide for smart practices presents the results of this survey and aims to transfer smart practices
from enterprises to Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools and young students. Providing
real life prototypes and multi-disciplinary working activities on smart textiles will make textile
occupations more attractive to young students, and will improve knowledge, skills and employability of
VET students in STEM related fields.


137 samples of intracranial tumours have been studied in proton NMR spectroscopy. ~I'1 and T2 relaxation times are above those of normal grey and white matter. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant brain tumours does not seem feasible upon proton T1 and T2 alone. Histological correlations allowed us to specify secondary changes accounting for T1 and T2 variations (oedema, microcyst, stroma reaction, necrosis).


Adolescents often struggle with emotional turmoil. For at-risk youth in a residential treatment center, the ability to identify, process, and respond to complex feelings effectively is often impaired. We modified the commercial game Jenga (Scott, 1983) for use with at-risk youth to facilitate the identification, personalization, and awareness of emotions. Specific instructions for the adaption of this game are provided, as are examples for practical use. This modification of the game is designed to meet diverse client needs inclusive of multicultural considerations. The game is easily incorporated into a variety of theoretical counseling orientations.


This paper discusses a propagation prediction model that takes into account the influence of vegetation in a built-up area. The proposed propagation prediction model combines the tree scattering model from Foldy-Lax and the theoretical model of UHF propagation from the COST-231 Walfisch-Ikegami model in order to derive a propagation model that works beyond 2 GHz in a vegetated built-up area. In a vegetated residential environment, the transmitting antenna is elevated above average rooftop height, therefore propagation takes place via multiple screen diffraction over the rooftops as pictured in the COST-231 Walfisch-Ikegami model. The discrete scattering theory from Foldy-Lax is particularly useful to explain the scattering mechanism for carrier wavelengths that are comparable to the sizes of leaves and branches in the tree canopies. The introduction of tree scattering into the multiple screen diffraction and the rooftop-to-street diffraction component, respectively, allows the propagation loss in vegetated built-up areas to be determined. The proposed model is verified with a measurement at 2300 MHz conducted in the moderately built-up area of Lichtenau, Germany.


. Modern pollen assemblages from 16 small lakes (< 2.5 ha) and 11 moderate-sized lakes (4.5–19.3 ha) arrayed along an elevational gradient (300 to 1320 m) in the east-central Adirondack Mountains were studied to determine how well the pollen assemblages recorded patterns of forest composition along the gradient. Forest composition ranges from Pinus strobus/Tsuga/ hardwoods forests at low elevations through Tsuga/ hardwoods, hardwoods, and Picea/Abies forests to Abies-dominated forests at high elevations. Modern pollen percentages for 10 tree taxa were compared with lake elevation using scatter plots and correlation and regression analysis.

Differential smoothing of vegetational patterns along the elevational gradient occurred among the 10 taxa owing to differences in pollen dispersibility, pollen production, and spatial pattern of taxon abundance in forests of the region. No differences were observed in pollen-elevation patterns between small and moderate-sized lakes. Pollen-elevation patterns were obscured for most taxa when the gradient was shortened (e.g. to 600–1320 m) owing to increased spatial smoothing by pollen dispersal. Design and interpretation of paleoecological studies of spatial gradients can be improved by careful attention to site spacing, gradient length, and gradient steepness in the context of pollen dispersal and representation models.


The training of innovative talents is an important mission of higher education.The innovative talents can be classified into the applied innovative talents and theoretical innovative talents.The training of large number of applied innovative talents is the intrinsic requirements to improve the quality of higher education.The training of the applied innovative talents requires holding the philosophy of academic freedom,adhering to the principles of the compatibleness of theoretical knowledge and applied knowledge and the sharing of knowledge width and depth,and effectively carrying out the reform of personnel training mechanism of mentoring system,credit system,examination system and semester system.


On the Synthesis of 5-(X-Methyl)ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole Nucleosides

The synthesis of the reactive 5-(bromomethyl)-1-(2′,3′,5′,-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3-triazole (3) via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the β-oxoalkylidenephosphorane 2 to the ribofuranosyl azide 1 under elimination of triphenylphosphane oxide is described. The nucleosides 4a - d are obtained by substitution of the bromide in 3 by N3−, SCN−, AcO− and AcS−. With P(OCH3)3 3 leads in an Arbuzow reaction to the 5-(dimethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-1,2,3-triazole nucleoside 4e. The β-oxoalkylidenephosphoranes 5a and b react with 1 to form the corresponding 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles 4f and g, respectively. Removal of the benzoyl groups in 4a, c, e, and g, with CH3 OH/NH3 leads to the 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazoles 6a, c, e, and g. -The biological activity of the nucleosides of the typ 6 has been tested.


Within the most recent extension of the quark-jet hadronization framework, we explore the transverse-polarization-dependent dihadron fragmentation functions (DiFFs) $H_1^\sphericalangle$ and $H_1^\perp$ of a quark into $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are employed to model polarized quark hadronization and calculate the corresponding number densities. These, in turn, are used to extract the Fourier cosine moments of the DiFFs $H_1^\sphericalangle$ and $H_1^\perp$. A notable finding is that there are previously unnoticed apparent discrepancies between the definitions of the so-called interference DiFF (IFF) $H_1^\sphericalangle$, entering the cross sections for two-hadron semi-inclusive electroproduction, and those involved in the production of two pairs of hadrons from back-to-back jets in electron-positron annihilation. This manuscript completes the studies of all four leading twist DiFFs for unpolarized hadron pairs within the quark-jet framework, following our previous work on the helicity-dependent DiFF $G_1^\perp$.


The invention discloses a full colour display plate, including an organic light section,a white light frequency spectrum modulate layer,a filter layer and a transparent basic plate. The organic light section possesses multi-picture dot which beams white light; the white light frequency spectrum modulate layer has a transparent protective medium which mixed fluorescence or phosphorescence substance; the filter layer is made up with multi- filter slice which is surround by dodging frame; the filter layer formed on the transparent basic plate, the white light frequency spectrum modulate layer formed on the filter layer and the organic light section formed on the white light frequency spectrum modulate layer.


We investigate the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects on the productions of the isolated prompt photon and $\gamma+$jet in proton-lead collisions at $\rm 8.16$ TeV under the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations with four parametrizations for nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs), i.e. DSSZ, EPPS16, nCTEQ15, nIMParton. Our theoretical calculations provide good descriptions of pp baseline in the ATLAS collaboration and make predictions for future experimental results at $\rm p$+$\rm Pb$ collisions. We calculate the dependence of the nuclear modification factor of isolated prompt photon on transverse momentum $\rm p_T^{\gamma}$ and pseudo-rapidity $\eta^{\gamma}$ at very forward and backward rapidity regions, and demonstrate that the forward-to-backward yield asymmetries $\rm Y_{\rm pPb}^{\rm asym}$ as a function of $\rm p_T^{\gamma}$ with different nPDFs parametrizations have diverse behaviors. Furthermore, the nuclear modification factor of isolated-$\gamma+$jet $\rm R_{\rm pPb}^{\gamma Jet}$ as a function of $\gamma+$jet's pseudo-rapidity $\eta_{\gamma \rm Jet}=\frac{1}{2}(\eta_{\gamma}+\eta_{\rm Jet})$ at different average transverse momentum $\rm p_T^{\rm avg}=\frac{1}{2}(\rm p_T^{\gamma}+\rm p_T^{\rm Jet})$ has been discussed, which can facilitate a tomography study of CNM effects with precise locations in a rather wide kinematic region by varying the transverse momenta and rapidities of both isolated photon and jet in p+A collisions.


The infrared spectra of ordinary diborane, of B210H6, and of B210D6 have been determined in the vapor state over the spectral range 250–3800 cm−1. The Raman spectra of ordinary diborane and B210D6 have been measured in the liquid at −130°C. Qualitative depolarization measurements have been made on nearly all observed Raman lines. The vibrational spectra have been interpreted with the help of the various selection rules and the product rule for isotope shifts. The fundamental frequencies obtained from this interpretation differ considerably from those previously published, but are in agreement with a large amount of spectroscopic data, including much not hitherto available. It is concluded that the nonplanar bridge model (D2h symmetry) fits the spectroscopic data best, although the unsymmetrical C2h form cannot be definitely excluded. The theoretical and observed vapor heat capacities agree satisfactorily over the temperature range 100–300°K.


Competitive balance is an important issue in professional sport in general and European football in particular. However, competitive balance is difficult to quantify because competitiveness is multi-dimensional and particular sports are distinctive. We aim to identify the most appropriate index for a holistic view of competitive balance in European football. We use data from eight domestic European football leagues over a time span of 60 years. The indices we consider are specifically designed to capture competitiveness at different levels of performance and in this way reflect the peculiarities of European football leagues. Our findings support the longstanding uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. A bivariate index that captures competitiveness in the top K places is shown to have the highest association with attendance. A seasonal index of champions' domination is also found to have a large association with attendance. Finally, ranking mobility is found to have a slightly higher association with attendance than seasonal performance. These results imply that sports policy makers should use these indices to assess strategic decisions that may influence competitive balance.


Precipitates simulating those produced in wood by preservative fixation reactions were prepared by the reduction of Boliden K 33 and Celcure AP solutions with hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine. The pH changes on aging at 20 and 5O°C were studied and related to the chemistry of fixation previously described. Hydrolysis of copper arsenates may render arsenic acid temporarily water soluble pending precipitation by trivalent chrome liberated by the slow hydrolysis and reduction by wood of chromic chromates. As the reduction of chrome is the primary driving force for the fixation of Cu-Cr-As preservatives, pH changes were observed in sawdust treated with dilute CrO3 solutions under different temperature cycles. The pH is essentially independent of temperature during the first three days when chromic chromates are being formed, but the subsequent pH is highly temperature-sensitive. Part of this effect is due to hydrolysis and reduction and part to generation of acidic reaction products in the wood at higher temperatures.


The author analyses one of the most important problems of Zamiatin's artistic world, the ambivalent nature of a person's freedom. Dostoevsky's "Notes from the Underground" and Zamiatin's "The Islanders" are compared and their obvious constructive closeness is demonstrated. This constructive closeness concerns the message and physical contents of the two works, although the poetical systems of the two writers are obviously different.


This dissertation evaluates effect of the current information about
objective health status based on medical test involve blood pressure, cholesterol,
and blood glucose levels to the value of the willingness to pay (WTP) and
ownership of health insurance.
The data collecting methodology in this study uses laboratory
experiments. Participants involved in this research is limited only to the individual
that has been aged a minimum of thirty-five years and have a permanent
income. The sample selection was based on the fact that the individuals in that age
began to increase in the prevalence of the risk of contracting acute diseases such
as stroke, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. While the terms on
permanent-income based on the consideration that only income individuals who
can afford to buy health insurance.
The results of this study indicate that the results of the medical test, that is
blood pressure and blood glucose significantly influence subjective health status
which in turn affects the value of WTP and decisions of individuals in possession
of health insurance. Other variables that significantly affect the subjective health
status are the number of sick days in a month and the information healthy
threshold of blood glucose levels. Other variable that significantly affect the value
of WTP is income. While the ownership of health insurance is significantly only
influenced by subjective health status.


The I97I Congressional session began with the proposed social security amendments, containing important changes in the Medicare legislation, being assigned House of Representatives bill number H.R. I.1 This symbolic number indicated that this bill, introduced jointly by Chairman Mills of the Committee on Ways and Means and Congressman John Byrnes, the senior minority party member of the committee, would receive first priority attention by the committee and the Congress. This high priority and the bill itself can be traced to the previous Congress, where social security amendments had been passed by both the House and the Senate in i970, but failed of enactment. The amendments, which had passed the House of Representatives on May 27, also passed the Senate on December 29.2 Although the Senate appointed conference committee members, the House did not, the leadership of the House taking the position that there was insufficient time in the few days left in the post-election, lame-duck session to settle House-Senate differences with respect to the bill. The fact that the i970 amendments had included an increase in cash payments to social security beneficiaries, and the desire to enact such an increase and pay it as early in 197I as possible, accounted for the urgency of early action on social security in the new Congress. In addition to the proposed changes in Medicare and the social security benefit increase, H.R. i contained measures to modify social security cash benefits in a number of other ways, to change Medicaid substantially, and to drastically revise the welfare program of the nation. It soon proved impossible to achieve early enactment of all the provisions of this complicated and important measure. As a result, by agreement of the important members of both houses, the cash social security benefit increase was acted on separately,3 with the remainder of the bill left for more extended consideration. Then, because H.R. I was essentially the same as the bill approved by the House of Representatives in I970 and the matters up for consideration had been thrashed out at length in I970, some short-cuts to action on the remainder of the bill seemed reasonable. Accordingly, the House committee dispensed with open hearings on H.R. i. During the executive sessions, however, new points of view-especially on welfare reform-developed, and the committee's deliberations were protracted. The bill was not ordered reported out until May 26. While we cannot be certain at any point before the legislative action is com-


The lesions which may be present in diabetic retinopathy are diverse, and the research, both clinical and histopathological, which has been necessary to elucidate their formation and evolution, has had to be laborious and prolonged. These studies have, however, led to the use of some well-defined therapeutic measures which are undoubtedly of value in this condition which is now the leading cause of blindness in patients under 65 years of age in Great Britain (Sorsby, I973). A patient with diabetic retinopathy may lose vision in one of two conditions which often co-exist: (i) Because of bleeding from new vessel formations or later from vitreous opacities and secondary traction effects on the retina (Proliferative diabetic retinopathy). or (2) Retinal oedema, deposition of lipoid, pre-retinal fibrosis, or capillary closure in the macular area (Simple or exudative diabetic retinopathy or, better, diabetic maculopathy).


1. Protective measurements: an introduction Shan Gao Part I. Fundamentals and Applications: 2. Protective measurements of the wave function of a single system Lev Vaidman 3. Protective measurement, postselection and the Heisenberg representation Yakir Aharonov and Eliahu Cohen 4. Protective and state measurement: a review Gennaro Auletta 5. Determination of the stationary basis from protective measurement on a single system Lajos Diosi 6. Weak measurements, the energy-momentum tensor and the Bohm approach Robert Flack and Basil J. Hiley Part II. Meanings and Implications: 7. Measurement and metaphysics Peter J. Lewis 8. Protective measurements and the explanatory gambit Michael Dickson 9. Realism and instrumentalism about the wave function: how should we choose? Mauro Dorato and Frederico Laudisa 10. Protective measurements and the PBR theorem Guy Hetzroni and Daniel Rohrlich 11. The roads not taken: empty waves, waveform collapse and protective measurement in quantum theory Peter Holland 12. Implications of protective measurements on de Broglie-Bohm trajectories Aurelien Drezet 13. Entanglement, scaling, and the meaning of the wave function in protective measurement Maximilian Schlosshauer and Tangereen V. B. Claringbold 14. Protective measurements and the nature of the wave function within the primitive ontology approach Vincent Lam 15. Reality and meaning of the wave function Shan Gao Index.