In order to probe into the relations between Saudi Arabia and America after the Iraq war,through the studying methods of the history tied by reality,the paper concluded that Iraq of post Saddam Hussein cannot affect Saudi-America relations.Iraq cannot take the place of Saudi Arabia,such as in the field of oil production,its geopolitics,its special position in Arabian and Islamic world.Although,Palestinian problem and extreme Islamic fundamentalism do damage their relations but can not change it fundamentally.In the long run,because of the need from each other,Saudi Arabia and America will still be a strategic alliance.


Based on the characteristics of the fenugreek bean structure,the new technology and equipment for fenugreek splits were put forward.The technology valued for the step processing,according to the bean constitutes.The novel embryo grains separation equipment and grind equipment were developed,which improved the recovery and purity for fenugreek splits.Adopted the technology,the recovery ratio of fenugreek splits reached above 90% and the fenugreek gum had different level viscosity of 4590mPas.Especially the product of viscosity80mPas and the insoluble10% achieved the national criterion of petroleum.


With the rapid development of university campus in China,the landscape design of university campus becomes an active research area.How to avoid homogenization and vulgarization of campus landscaping,reach a unity of origination and innovation,readable and visual with facing such large-scale construction is a question in design work today.The concept of urban-narrative is used to establish one kind of thought of post-modern landscaping construction.Collecting and finishing data by drawing work,and then make an analysis.This paper takes Suzhou Electromechanical Higher Vocational Technology College as example,explores how to construct post-modern landscape of human nature,human-oriented and humanity by using the method of landscape-narrative.The results can be helpful to new design work.


The article describes the synthesis and characterization of N-aryl itaconimide monomers such as: N-(p-chlorophenyl) itaconimide (PI)/N-(m-chlorophenyl) itaconimide (MI)/N-(o-chlorophenyl) itaconimide (OI) and its copolymerization behavior with MMA. The homopolymers and copolymers of N-aryl itaconimides and methyl methacrylate (MMA, M2) were synthesized by varying the mol fraction of N-aryl itaconimides in the initial feed from 0.1 to 0.5 using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent. Copolymer composition was determined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy [by taking the ratio of intensities of signals due to OCH3 of MMA (δ = 3.59 ppm) and the aromatic proton (δ = 7.2–7.5 ppm) of N-aryl itaconimides] and percent nitrogen content. The reactivity ratios were found to be r1 = 1.33 and r2 = 0.36 (PI-MMA) r1 = 1.15 and r2 = 0.32 (MI-MMA) and r1 = 0.81 and r2 = 0.35 (OI-MMA). Molecular weight as determined using high-performance liquid chromatography decreased with increasing mol fraction of itaconimides in copolymers. All the polymers had a polydisperstivity index in the range of 1.5–2.6.Thermal characterization was done using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. Incorporation of these N-aryl itaconimides in PMMA backbone resulted in an improvement in glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability. Percent char increased with the increase of PI/MI/OI content in the copolymers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2078–2086, 2001


The culture of color pepper with pollution-free base in green house was carried out in Beihai. A significant economic effect with 80t/ hm 2yield resulted in. The key points of the cultivation are as follows: coconut chaff, sugarcan residue and sand were selected and mixed as the cultivation base; selecting the varieties adapted to local conditions and arranging perfect cropping, sowing time being as early as possible; raising healthy seedlings, planting in proper close density; controlling nutrition elements and pruning branches; controlling disease and pests according to the Standard of Production Technology of Pollution-Free Vegetable.


The paper deals with a new design of the hybrid synthetic jet actuator (HSJ), which is based on a novel fluidic diode. The fluidic diodewas tested by a static experiment and its diodicity was evaluated. The same experiment was performed for a second fluidic diode whose planar geometry was taken from the literature and the resultant diodicities were compared. Higher diodicities were achieved with the new design of the diode. The velocity resonance curves were measured at the nozzle output for two variants of the HSJ with a short or with a long nozzle. After that the volumetric efficiencies of the HSJ were evaluated as functions of the frequency. The highest efficiency (over 80%) was achieved at the second resonant frequency of the actuator with the long nozzle.


Emerging nature restoration agendas are increasing the pressure on rural communities to coexist with expanding wildlife, including large carnivores. There are different interpretations of coexistence, stemming from divergent ways of conceptualising and relating to nature. Yet there is limited understanding of how and why certain interpretations become dominant, and how this influences conservation policy and practice.

This question is highly relevant for the management of wolves in Spain. Until recently, the national strategy allowed certain regional autonomy in creating and enacting coexistence policy, including through culling and sport hunting. However, in 2021, the national government declared wolves strictly protected throughout the country, despite strong contestations about whether and why it was necessary.

We studied the discursive processes that co‐produced this policy shift. First, we explored interpretations among communities that share, or will share, space with wolves, using qualitative field data. Second, we triangulated local interpretations with framings in public media to identify prominent discourses about coexistence. Third, we traced how these discourses interacted with Spanish conservation policy: who was heard and why.

We highlight three prominent discourses: wolf protectionism, traditionalism and pragmatism, each proposing a distinct pathway to coexistence with wolves. Through our policy analysis, we illuminate a dominance of protectionism within national politics, which justified a centralised technocratic pathway while downplaying place‐based approaches. The resulting coexistence policy was highly contested and appears to have increased social conflict over wolves.

Our findings reveal knowledge hierarchies within Spanish policy frameworks that promotes 'mainstream' conservationists' narrow interpretation of what nature and coexistence should be. This has perpetuated an apolitical approach that is focussed on mediating direct impacts from wolves, rather than conflicting worldviews, and that undermines efforts to promote dialogue and local stewardship. While our research is centred on Spain, the findings are of broad relevance since they reveal structural barriers that constrain the incorporation of diverse knowledge systems into conservation policy, and subsequent transformations towards socially just and locally adapted coexistence programmes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.


The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of chaotic behaviors in gait of elderly subjects ('65+') by means of the largest short-term Lyapunov exponent computed for six scenarios which differed with respect to ground inclination, walking speed and optional external perturbation. The largest Lyapunov exponent quantifies the amount of chaos in a time series. The bigger positive Lyapunov exponent value, the greater system's sensitivity to infinitesimal changes in initial conditions at the beginnings of successive gait cycles and, thus, a chaotic behavior during walking. The time series representing the joint angles of ankle, knee and hip joints were recorded in the CAREN Extended environment using the motion capture technique. Data collected for respective joints were grouped forming for each joint a multivariate time series – input data for calculation of the largest Lyapunov exponent.


The principle and control design of UPFC(United Power Flow Controller) are expounded.The system equation of PI(Proportional Integral) controller is set up by using the horizontal and vertical components of series output voltage and shunt output current as control inputs.The simulation on a one-machine to infinite-bus system with UPFC shows that UPFC can improve system transient stability.The genetic algorithm is used to optimize PID controller parameters,in which the minimal objective function adopts the integral characteristic value of absolute error to time.Punishment functions are introduced to avoid over control energy and overshoot by adding the square of control input.Simulation results show that the controller parameter optimization makes the transient process shorter,the variable fluctuation smaller and the transient stability better.


The equilibrium constants K′ for the hydrolysis of 13 δ-lactones to hydroxy-acids in 54% (mol/mol) aqueous tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C have been determined. The equilibrium constants for the isomerization of the five δ-lactones into their epimers, and for the isomerization of their hydroxy-acids into their epimers, have been calculated by the methods of conformational analysis. These calculated values are consistent with the experimental values of K′. Addition of methyl groups to a hydroxy-acid decreases K′ (the Thorpe–Ingold effect).


The HIV/AIDS pandemic has reached a crescendo in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA or Saharan region). This disease threatens to exterminate the human race in the Saharan region. The situation is further exacerbated by high prices of brand name antiretroviral medicines due to the prevailing international patent regime. And, attempts to promote the manufacture and import of generic versions of antiretroviral drugs are sometimes met with stiff resistance from pharmaceutical companies who own the patents. This article, therefore, seeks to examine the subject of patent regulation of antiretroviral drugs in the light of the threat posed by HIV/AIDS in SSA. It urges the exploitation of diverse patent regulatory mechanisms to promote access to antiretroviral drugs in the region worst hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Exploiting patent regulatory flexibilities implies the use of: negotiations, compulsory licensing mechanisms, public-private partnerships, collaborative initiatives among regional economic blocs, increased drug-pricing competition, and a rejection of TRIPS-Plus obligations, among others, to procure relatively cheaper versions of antiretroviral medicines for persons infected with the virus. This will enable policy makers in the Sub-Saharan region to respond more effectively to expand the capacities of HIV/AIDS-affected persons and make them more productive. It will further save the healthcare systems in SSA from imminent collapse.


Early Palaeozoic succession in Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, North-western Himalaya comprise of sandstone, shale, carbonates and slate. The petrological properties of these rocks were used to work out the provenance, depositional environment and their diagenetic history. The siliciclastic sediments with interbedded carbonate rocks indicate shifts in sea level and consequent changes in energy conditions of the basin as well as biogenic interferences leading to carbonate precipitation in a shallow marine depositional environment. Provenance of these rocks has been of mixed nature with monocrystalline quartz dominant in sandstones indicating greater contribution from igneous sources.


• Refer children and young people with suspected or diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to a specialist paediatric diabetes team to ensure appropriate diagnosis, investigation, and treatment, including a continuing programme of education on how diet, physical activity, and reducing body weight can improve glycaemic control • Capillary blood glucose monitoring is now recommended for all children and young people with T2DM, and continuous glucose monitoring for people treated with insulin • Specialists should consider offering liraglutide or dulaglutide, or alternatively empagliflozin, in combination with metformin to lower blood glucose


A 15-year-old healthy, active girl presented with acute bilateral upper extremity tingling and hand weakness while playing golf; within several hours, she developed numbness and weakness in all limbs. She denied preceding trauma and bowel/bladder incontinence. Examination showed global weakness, normal tone and reflexes, a C5 sensory level, and decreased light touch/temperature/pinprick in all limbs. Neuroimaging revealed an anterior spinal artery cervical cord infarct (figure), along with a degenerative disk, attributed to fibrocartilaginous embolism.


Dangerous goods transport vehicles can cause serious physical and environmental damage in the event of a traffic accident. It is an urgent need for the road management department to strengthen the monitoring of these vehicles. Therefore, this paper has carried out the research on the automatic vehicle mark recognition for dangerous goods. Compared with other methods, the method of target detection based on machine learning is usually able to achieve better results. Comprehensive consideration of the difficulty of training and the requirements of computer hardware, and for improving the recognition accuracy of vehicle mark, a method is proposed by adaptive improved cascade classifier. The training steps of the classifiers and the detailed target detection process are given in this paper. The results show that this method can correctly recognize the most of vehicle mark for dangerous goods by computer experiments.


Sign language is a communication medium for the deaf and vocally impaired. However, this language is not practised in public due to the deaf community being a minority and it takes time to learn and skilled manpower to assist the deaf in public interaction. Thus, this study aims to produce a Malaysian Sign Language Recognition (MSLR) application to recognise MSL alphabets to help normal people communicate with the deaf. The proposed work involves a few stages that consist of background subtraction to detect the moving hand, skin segmentation based on skin tones using YCbCr (Luminance, Chrominance) colour space for robustness in illumination and a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for feature extraction and classification of 24 alphabets. As MSL alphabets are similar to American Sign Language (ASL) alphabets, the ASL FingerSpelling Dataset from the University of Surrey's Center for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing is used for model training and testing. Evaluation criteria include micro averages in Precision, Recall and F1-Score. The test accuracy is 79.54% with misclassifications on letters such as 'E' and 'Q' due to the signing orientation and similarity in finger articulation. Keywords: 2D CNN, Computer Vision, Fingerspelling, Machine Learning, Malaysian Sign Language Recognition


Crop growth simulation models are widely used in research and education, and their use in commercial practice is increasing. Usually these models are deterministic: one set of input values always gives the same output of the model. In reality, however, variation exists between plants of the same crop. A simulation model taking this variation into account is therefore more realistic. The aim of this thesis is to introduce a stochastic component into a dynamic crop simulation model. As case study, fruit set in sweet pepper was used, because large variation in fruit set between the plants exists. Competition with fast growing fruits causes abortion of flowers and young fruits, which results in periods with high and low fruit set, and consequently periods of high and low fruit yield. A literature review showed that most factors influencing fruit abortion can be expressed in the terms source and sink strength. Source strength is the supply of assimilates; a higher source strength increases fruit set. Source strength takes into account leaf area, radiation, and CO2 level and temperature. Sink strength is the demand for assimilates of the fruits and vegetative parts. It is quantified by the potential growth rate, i.e. the growth rate under non-limiting assimilate supply. Assimilate demand of the fruits depends on their number, age, and cultivar. If the total fruit sink strength of a plant is low, fruit set is high. Vulnerable for abortion were very small buds, buds close to anthesis and flowers and young fruits up to 14 days after anthesis. An experiment with six Capsicum cultivars with fruit sizes ranging between 20 and 205g fresh weight showed that variation in weekly fruit yield is highly correlated with variation in weekly fruit set. Fruit yield patterns resembled fruit set patterns, with a lag time being equal to the average fruit growth duration. Further investigation showed that the cultivars not only differed in sink strength of the individual fruits, but also that the source-sink ratio above which fruit set occurred was higher in cultivars with larger fruits. In the second half of the thesis, flower and fruit abortion was modelled. Survival analysis was used as the method to derive the abortion function. Source and sink strength were used as the factors influencing abortion. Their effect on the probability of abortion per day was non-linear: at high values of source and sink strength an increase did not further decrease or increase the probability of abortion, respectively. Flowers on the side shoots turned out to have a higher probability of abortion than flowers on the main shoot. Most flowers and young fruits aborted around 100°Cd after anthesis. The obtained function was used in a crop simulation model for sweet pepper. After calibration the model was able to simulate the observed fruit set pattern, although fruit abortion was not properly simulated when low source strength was combined with high sink strength. Validation with three independent data sets gave reasonable to good results. Survival analysis proved to be a good method for introducing stochasticity in crop simulation models. A case study with constant source strength showed asynchronisation of fruit set between the plants, indicating that fluctuations in source strength are an important factor causing synchronisation between individual plants.


Classroom-based language assessment (CBLA) in the Indonesian context has become more significant since the shift of the assessment model from summative based assessment (Ujian Nasional or the final exam) to formative-based assessment (Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM); therefore, teachers need to develop their classroom-based language assessment literacy (CBLAL). The model places a greater emphasis on students' learning outcomes in class rather than final test scores. This study aims to examine the CBLAL level of experienced and novice EFL teachers, their perceptions of CBLAL, and their needs for CBLAL training. Quantitative and qualitative data were used in conjunction with a case study research design. The CBLAL questionnaire, adopted from Lan and Fan's work (2019), collected quantitative data from 55 EFL teachers. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were collected from four of them (novice and experienced) in the interview sessions. The CBLAL levels of 55 teachers are between functional and procedural-conceptual literacy levels. Both experienced (ETs) and novice teachers (NTs) could grasp fundamental principles in language assessment and can use them in the classroom. Although the ETs have higher levels, there is no significant difference in CBLAL levels between ETs and NTs. The study also revealed that the teachers' understandings of technical skills and language pedagogy were among the highest compared to their knowledge of theories and principles on language assessments. However, they indicated that still require professional development (PD) in CBLAL, despite their functional and procedural-conceptual literacy. The current study has pedagogical implications for both ETs and NTs. They should actively participate in various professional development activities, focusing on classroom evaluation.


The object of this paper is threefold. First, the purpose is to look closely at the connection between the intellectual enterprises of political philosophy and the philosophy of history. Secondly, the purpose is to outline and criticize the connection as seen by Kant and Hegel. Thirdly, the purpose is to draw some preliminary conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of underpinning a political philosophy with a view of history. In drawing these conclusions I should like to explore my belief that although it may be possible to undertake the philosophy of history with little direct regard for political philosophy contrariwise it would be mistaken, if not foolish, to present a political philosophy without taking into account problems raised by the philosophy of history.


Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity and cancer-related death. Bone is one of the most favored sites of metastatic spread, particularly from breast cancer. However, our understanding on how the host tissue can impact tumor growth is weak. This is hampered by the lack of a reliable in vitro model ables to replicate the complex microenvironment. Indeed, bone microenvironment provides physical support to cells but it can also affect cell behaviour and phenotype. We developed a hybrid 3D collagen-based scaffold functionalized with hydroxyapatite material (HA) in order to mimic natural bone features. Scaffolds were synthesized in our laboratory through collagen solution mixed and cross-linked with hydroxyapatite. Then, we cultured MDA-MB-231, a triple negative breast cancer cell line and MCF-7, an ER+ breast cancer cell line in collagen or hybrid scaffold, in order to evaluate how extracellular matrix affects cell behavior. Cell growth was evaluated by MTT cell-proliferation assay in a time course analysis. Moreover, we evaluated cell morphology and cell disposition within the scaffold by confocal microscopy. Finally, gene profiling was evaluated by qRT-PCR. MCF-7 cells acquire an organized and linear structure, whereas MDA-MB-231 an epithelial-like morphology, when cultured in hybrid scaffold. MDA-MB-231 cells proliferate faster than MCF-7 in both models. However, this is not affected by hydroxyapatite since the proliferation rate is similar when cells are cultured in collagen or hybrid scaffold. MDA-MB-231 grown in hybrid scaffold show a significant increase in RANKL/OPG ratio, pathway strictly involved in bone homeostasis. Moreover, they show a significant increased expression in JAG1, MMP2 and SNAIL1. For MCF-7, we observe a decrease in CDH1/VIM expression ratio and a significant decrease in OPG, osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. Overall, these results suggest a shift induced by hydroxyapatite scaffold towards an osteolytic phenotype. Whereas collagen-scaffold could better simulate in vivo primary tumor (Liverani C. et al, Sci Rep 9, 12263, 2019), we highlight that hybrid hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold is more suitable to study breast cancer cells behaviour in bone metastasis. Then, we will implement it with a direct co-culture of osteoclast and osteoblast cells, in order to better investigate the contribution of the host microenvironment in bone metastasis. This model could provide a reliable 3D in vitro model for the study of bone metastasis mechanisms and for drug screening assays. Citation Format: Chiara Spadazzi, Laura Mercatali, Alessandro De Vita, Chiara Liverani, Claudia Cocchi, Giacomo Miserocchi, Alberto Bongiovanni, Federica Recine, Sebastiano Calpona, Nada Riva, Giandomenico Di Menna, Lorena Gurrieri, Valentina Fausti, Silvia Angela De Bonis, Giovanni Martinelli, Nicola Baldini, Toni Ibrahim. Development of a biomimetic 3D scaffold to study breast cancer bone metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 333.


This study aims to (1) describe the creativity of teachers in the development of poetry writing learning methods in SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh, (2) to describe the creativity of teachers in the development of poetry writing media in SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. The data source of this research is Indonesian language teacher at SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. The method used qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was done by observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that in general the two Indonesian language teachers who teach at SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh including creative teachers can be seen from the preparation / planning of learning and class management. In learning to write poetry teacher dominant use group work method, question and answer and assignment whereas in use of media teacher use media outdoor, picture and example poem themed natural beauty. The creative element in the use of visible methods is the way the teacher distributes the group, naming each group and making the lottery numbers appear when the students recite the poem while the creative element in the use of visible media learning is the teacher using outdoor media, drawing and distributing samples of poetry to the students. Suggested research related to creativity of learning to write poetry both at junior high school / MTs and at level SMA / MA can be continued by other researcher so that can be expressed things that have not been revealed in this research.


The moving‐coil waveguide discharge is described as a technique for inner wall coating of metallic tubes. A magnetized microwave plasma, which can be shifted inside a tube by means of the surrounding magnetic coil, is employed for plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated carbon films (C:H) from methane. Process parameter studies at varying microwave power, magnetic field, discharge pressure, and gas flow have been performed with a locally fixed magnetic coil. The deposition was found to be more efficient at a magnetic field which is lower than the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) field. The power absorption remains nearly constant while decreasing the maximum magnetic field from ECR condition to half of that. This can be understood in terms of the microwave cutoff in the waveguide filled with a magnetized plasma. A simplified model of the plasma is suggested resulting from the power balance of a steady‐state discharge. Electron temperatures and plasma densities measured in argon plasmas...


In this paper the research of the Modern Mohism has been conducted by observation of the survey of Mohism research,basical features and research methodology,whose development is divided into the Qian_Jia founding period,the developmental period of latter half of the nineteenth century in addition to the early thirty years of the twentieth century.The representatives of the latter periods were Sun Yirang,Liang Qichao and Hu Shi.From the point of methodology in Mohism study,the process of the Modern Mohism research is also that of modernization of Modern Mohism research in methodology,which,therefore,retrospects the progress of modernization in modern academic approaches.


All new nations face a struggle in constructing a national identity for themselves. This article examines Tajikistan as a particularly interesting case of this issue. The task of nationbuilding in Tajikistan involves wrestling with factors such as religion, ethnicity, linguistic heritage, and regional loyalties, in a particularly difficult regional context. The author discusses the current celebration of the 1100th anniversary of the Samanid empire as a national celebration of Tajik identity representing important policy choices in solving the dilemmas facing the Tajik nation.


How does the brain translate the two-dimensional images represented by the retina into the three-dimensional (3D) images that we see? In his Perspective, [Connor][1] discusses new work ([Tsutsui][2] et al .; [Vanduffel][3] et al .) in monkeys and humans that reveals the brain areas responsible for synthesizing 3D reality from texture and motion cues.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5592/376
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/298/5592/409
 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/298/5592/413


Characteristic lobate colony of Vibrios were recognized on the Kasai's medium seeded with dental scrapings during three days incubation at 37°C under the anaerobic condition. 15 isolates from 4 specimens, stained negatively by gram staining, were all small sized (1μ±) strongly curved comma shaped organism (B in Figure), moving actively with tufty flaggella, subterminally attached to the concave side of the body (A in Figure). They translocated times like cholera vibrios and times moved rotationary. On solid media containing agar at 3%, they grew into smooth convex colony. They produced neither gas nor putrefactive or disagreeable odor during growth in broth or in glucose broth. Nitrate was reduced. No production of indol and H2S. No coagulation of the litmus milk, but six isolates reduced litmus white. No liquefaction of gelatine. From glucose, they produced acid without gas so far as to decrease the pH of glucose broth until 5.3 finally, but no acid from maltose, lactose, sucrose, glycerol and starch, including two exceptional attack on maltose. Neither greening nor hemolysis on the blood agar plate. Intraperitoneal injection of the cell suspension of this organism to guinea pigs did not cause any significant pathological changes.The present isolates, thus resembling one species, coincide with neither asaccharolytic Vibrio sputorum which grows only on media enriched with serum and produces H2S, according to Macdonald, nor larger sized Vibrio buccalis which ferments lactose, sucrose, according to Prevot, nor Selenomonas sputigena in respect of the size, the place of attachment of the flagella and activity of carbohydrate fermentation. The most simillar species of the present isolates is small size Vibrio stomatidis which moves rotationary according to Prevot. But this species is virulent to experimental animals and ferments glucose and lactose.In spite of the above effort, however, it is hardly possible to reach final identification of the present minute vibrio to the known species of the anaerobic commashaped group because of lack of precise knowledges on their flagella. Thus it is strongly proposed by the present authors that flagella of every anaerobic vibrios must be observe under electron microscope which was very useful tool for detection of attached place and number of flagella of the isolates.


A local area communications network has been implemented at the University of California, San Francisco Hospital to integrate major components of the hospital's information system. This microprocessor-based network technology was developed by The Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University. The first year's experience has demonstrated the basic feasibility of this technology in simplifying the integration of diverse hardware and software systems. Four minicomputer-based UCSF systems now use the network to synchronize key patient identification and registration information among the systems. Clinical uses of the network will begin during the second year of the project.


history where Lattimore's work has been and continues to be very influential. The section on ' Lattimore and modern scholarship' needs, on the other hand, some shading. It is true that some of Lattimore's theories have been readily (often too readily!) embraced by a number of people, but Lattimore himself was deeply indebted for those theories to other scholars, the most important of whom is K. A. Wittfogel (but also Chi Ch'ao-ting), and such debt is not always noted by Cotton in an equally evident manner. Also, the overwhelming archaeological material that has been produced both in the Soviet Union and China from 1940 onwards, and the related literature published on four continents, ought to make modern scholars wary of wide-ranging theories produced at a time when such extremely important data were not available. A rather uncritical adoption .of Lattimore's theories, such as we can detect in some very recent publications, may not be altogether warranted. The McCarthy period (roughly 1950-5) is nowadays a synonym for intellectual obscurantism and poltical persecution. Lattimore found himself in the wind's eye, and his ' case' became, in the American academic community and beyond, one of the most representative products of that ' witch-hunting' climate. Cotton's narrative of the events is fluid and informative, as most of it is drawn from an extensive analysis of the sources. We may remark, however, that it would have gained in completeness and objectivity had Cotton kept some distance from the heart of past controversies. Clearly, the trial was an experience that marked Lattimore emotionally for the rest of his life—and with good reason—but the biographer should not necessarily adopt the same undetached view. For instance, in the part on Wittfogel's testimony (pp. 92-5), one finds no reference (not even in a footnote) to the ' case for the defence' presented by Wittfogel's biographer, C. L. Ulmen, in The science of society: toward an understanding of the life and work of Karl August Wittfogel (The Hague: Mouton, 1978), 267-94. Cotton's partisanship also emerges in his attempt at belittling Wittfogel's influence on the early Lattimore (p. 94), especially when we consider that Lattimore himself, in his introduction to Inner Asian frontiers of China (p. xxi of the 1988 edition) states that Wittfogel not only ' read the whole manuscript', but also ' has given me countless references and suggestions'. In this reviewer's opinion it would have perhaps been more helpful, in order to understand the intellectual climate of the 1950s, to study the LattimoreWittfogel ' struggle' with some degree of detachment, whereas it seems that both Cotton and Ulmen have chosen to present strong and uncompromising apologies for their respective ' champions'.


Agricultural intensification has had the undesirable effect of degrading water quality throughout the United States. Nitrate pollution presents a difficult problem for rural and urban communities, and it contributes to the immense Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Zone. Current U.S. policy prohibits regulation of agricultural runoff because it is a nonpoint source. The Raccoon River Watershed upstream of Des Moines, Iowa, USA has some of the highest nitrate levels in the nation, and the drinking water utility in Des Moines unsuccessfully pursued litigation against drainage districts in the watershed. We propose a cooperative solution between urban residents and upstream rural residents—namely, the installation of agricultural green infrastructure in the form of riparian buffers throughout the watershed enabled by the principles of water quality trading. We compare this distributed, green approach with a centralized, gray approach (i.e., building a new nitrate removal facility at the drinking water utility). Using terrain analysis, we determined that first-order streams are the most fitting location for riparian buffers. We estimate the buffer installation to cost between $155–$185 million; maintenance of the current nitrate removal facility will cost $72 million, while a new facility could cost up to $184 million. Riparian buffer installation offers more indirect, non-quantified benefits than maintaining or building new centralized, gray treatment (e.g., living-wage jobs and in-stream water quality improvement). Our analysis could act as a model for water quality trading and distributed agricultural green infrastructure in other communities facing similar water quality challenges.


Background: Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) is a member of the serpin superfamily. A few studies have examined the role of maspin in tumor suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role in the development and progression of NSCLC still remains controversial. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of maspin in order to elucidate its clinical significance in NSCLC. Methods: We analyzed 145 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC, including 66 cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 79 cases of adenocarcinomas (ADCs). We performed a immuno-histochemical stain with maspin and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) using tissue microarray blocks. Results: There were 108 men and 37 women in the study population. The mean age of patients in the study was 63.7 years (range, 40.0∼82.0; median, 65.0). The proportion of maspin expression was significantly higher in SCCs (52/66, 78.8%; p<0.01) than in ADCs (17/79, 21.5%; p<0.01). Maspin expression was not associated with PCNA (p=0.828), lymph node involvement (p=0.483), or tumor stage (p=0.216), but showed correlation with well-to-moderate tumor differentiation (p=0.012). There was no observed correlation between maspin expression and survival with NSCLC (p=0.218). Conclusion: The present study suggests that maspin expression was significantly higher in SCCs than in ADCs and was associated with low histological grade. However, maspin expression was not an independent factor to predict a prognosis in NSCLC.


Nowadays,the development of aquaculture insurance fall behind aquaculture in China.From the details of current status and existing problems,it is very necessary to conduct aquaculture policy insurance.It will promote the development of the aquaculture if the government or the insurance institutions provide the compensation for aquaculture producers,and patterns or models of aquaculture policy insurance also was analyzed.


Information providing method can be performed in a wireless network having a plurality of group owner device that controls a plurality of device groups, respectively. Information providing method, the first group owner device that controls the first device group, transmitting a first packet containing the device descriptor for the client device associated with the first group owner device periodically including. Information providing method further controls the second device group and the second group owner device positioned adjacent to the first group owner device, transmitted by the first group owner device It includes receiving a first packet. Information providing method also includes a second group owner device transmits a second packet containing the device descriptor for the client device associated with the first group owner device periodically.


The e-government is an important content of the national government informational progress, it has far-reaching significance, it's security also faces many threats and challenges, it has frequent occurrence of security incidents. To control such a huge security risk and avoid huge losses, and protect the security of e-government, this paper constructs the e-government security plan system, in the design of the system, the security protection of e-government system and institution, emergency response system and mechanism are made as a major part of the design, security protection include security management and technology, and quantitatively analyze the security services performance assessment standards, and detailedly design security services performance assessment algorithm, and the algorithm is integrated into the security management and is verified by an instance, the plan system can do a better safety risk assessment, can control certain risks and losses.


The term 'Big Data' has been instituted to allude to the tremendous bulk of data that can't be managed by conventional data-taking care of strategies. Big Data is as yet a novel idea, and in the accompanying writing we mean to expound it in a substantial manner. It starts with the idea of the subject in itself alongside its properties and the two general methodologies of managing it. The complete investigation additionally goes ahead to illustrate the uses of Big Data in every single assorted part of economy and being. The usage of Big Data Analytics in the wake of incorporating it with advanced capacities to secure business development and its representation to make it intelligible to the in fact apprenticed business analyzers has been talked about top to bottom. Aside this, the joining of Big Data keeping in mind the end goal to enhance populace wellbeing, for the advancement of fund, telecom industry, nourishment industry and for misrepresentation recognition and estimation investigation have been depicted. The difficulties that are thwarting the development of Big Data Analytics are represented top to bottom in this paper.


Many applications generate data with an intrinsic network structure such as time series data, image data or social network data. The network Lasso (nLasso) has been proposed recently as a method for joint clustering and optimization of machine learning models for networked data. The nLasso extends the Lasso from sparse linear models to clustered graph signals. This paper explores the duality of nLasso and network flow optimization. We show that, in a very precise sense, nLasso is equivalent to a minimum-cost flow problem on the data network structure. Our main technical result is a concise characterization of nLasso solutions via the existence of certain network flows. The main conceptual result is a useful link between nLasso methods and basic graph algorithms such as clustering or maximum flow.


The current status of Bayesian software is reviewed. The motivation for the development of Bayesian software is described and the software is categorized by the type of user (student, practitioner, and researcher). The use of the software package MATLAB is illustrated for the di erent types of Bayesian software. The use of a MATLAB graphical user interface (gui) is demonstrated for the introduction of proportion inference using a discrete prior. A second gui is used to illustrate the use of a MCMC algorithm in logistic modeling with a data augmented prior. The use of MATLAB as a programming environment for the development of MCMC algorithms is discussed, and a MCMC program for tting a random e ects model is outlined. 1 An overview of Bayesian software 1.1 What's available? In a recent issue of The American Statistician, there was a discussion on the desirability of teaching a rst statistics course from a Bayesian viewpoint. To see which statistical methods are actually used in practice, Moore (1997) surveyed a large number of published articles in applied statistics disciplines. He noted that very few articles actually employed Bayesian methods. Although Bayesian articles are widely prevalent in the major journals in the research of statistics (look at a recent issue of the Journal of the American Statistical Association), it is clear at this time that Bayesian thinking hasn't generally reached the population of applied statisticians. Why aren't Bayesian methods more popular? There are many reasons suggested for its lack of popularity, including the lack of Bayesian courses in graduate statistics courses, a general concern over the choice of a prior distribution, and the disagreement among Bayesians about a reasonable \default" posterior analysis for many problems. (Moore (1997) discusses these reasons in his teaching article.) One major stumbling point for the popularity of Bayesian analyses, pointed out by Berry (1997), is the lack of general software to perform Bayesian analyses. Most current textbooks in applied statistics link the discussion of methodology with available statistical software. In fact, one can discover the popular statistical methods by reading a statistical software guide for a popular package such as SAS, SPSS, or Minitab. It is clear that Bayesian methods will not become more popular among practitioners until much more Bayesian software is available. Carlin and Louis (1996) provide a comprehensive listing of Bayesian software that is currently available. It is notable that most of the Bayesian programs listed in this book are not commercially produced. Most of the program developers come from academia and the software represents an implementation of recent published research articles. Since little Bayesian commercial software is currently available, it appears that there is a need for a general discussion about how a Bayesian software enterprise should develop. This discussion should address the following issues: What is the reason for Bayesian software? From the practitioners' viewpoint, what is gained from the methods implemented in Bayesian software that is not available from traditional methods and software? How should Bayesian software di er from software to perform traditional statistical 1 analyses? Will the Bayesian software just add a prior to a classical software package? Can Bayesian methods be added to a currently popular statistics software package? Is it possible to have a Bayesian SAS? Is this something that we (as Bayesians) would like to see? More generally, are there good high-level mathematical or statistical computing environments for the development of Bayesian software? Examples of such environments are statistical systems such as S-Plus, and mathematics systems such as Mathematica, Maple, and MATLAB. 1.2 Why Bayes? For a commercial Bayesian software package to become popular, the developers will need to reach an audience far wider than the current group of Bayesian statisticians. A traditional applied statistician will be interested in Bayesian software and the associated methods only if there is something to be gained by a Bayesian approach. Berger (1985) makes persuasive arguments in favor of a Bayesian viewpoint towards inference. He states that important prior information can be available, uncertainty should be expressed probabilistically, there are advantages to a conditional viewpoint towards inference, and Bayes rules are coherent. Are any of these arguments relevant when a marketing rm wishes to sell Bayesian software? Statisticians embrace the Bayesian viewpoint for di erent reasons, depending on the particular application of interest. This article will focus on two speci c areas: the teaching of statistical inference and the tting and checking of generalized linear models. What are the advantages of a Bayesian perspective for these two speci c applications? Teaching There are good reasons for introducing statistical inference from a Bayesian perspective. (See Albert (1997) and Berry (1997).) The Bayesian paradigm is a natural way of implementing the scienti c method where the prior represents your initial belief about a model, you collect relevant data, and the posterior represents your updated beliefs after seeing the data. If uncertainty about models is expressed using subjective probability, then Bayes' rule is the only recipe one needs to perform inferences from data. 2 Bayesian inferential statements are easier to understand than traditional inferential statements based on repeated sampling. The probability that a parameter falls inside a computed interval is equal to .95. Likewise, in contrast with traditional testing procedures, it is meaningful to talk about the probability that a statistical hypothesis is true. By the conditionality principle, the only data relevant to performing inference is the actual data that is observed. One can ignore other data outcomes in the sample space that are not observed. Prediction problems are essentially no more di cult than parameter estimation problems. Parameters and future observables are both unknown quantities that are modeled subjectively. Generalized linear models Generalized linear models (glm's) have become increasingly popular since their introduction by Nelder and Wedderburn (1972). They have provided a general framework for modeling a response variable from the exponential family. Examples of glm's include linear regression with normal errors, logistic regression for binary data, log-linear modeling for Poisson data, and survival model for Weibull and gamma data. It is relatively easy to write software for tting glm's since there is one general algorithm for nding maximum likelihood estimates for the regression coe cients. The popularity of glm's is partially due to the emergence of the associated software package GLIM for tting and checking these models. What are the advantages of a Bayesian perspective to glm's? The classical analysis of a glm is based on the asymptotic normal approximation to the sampling distribution of the mle and on the asymptotic chi-squared approximation to the deviance statistic. A Bayesian analysis with a noninformative prior allows one to perform exact inference on the likelihood function. This may be desirable in small or sparse data situations where the accuracy of the classical distribution approximations can be poor. A Bayesian analysis allows one to input prior information. This is particular helpful in the case where little data are observed and subjective input can play an important role in the nal inference. We will discuss later on how one can input prior beliefs into a glm. 3 Bayesian hierarchical modeling is especially useful for glm's when it is desirable to combine related groups of data. 1.3 What is the target audience? The development of any Bayesian software package must have a clear view of the intended audience. If one categorizes all Bayesian software by means of the type of user, then there are the following three broad categories of software. Teaching Bayes This Bayesian software would provide an introduction to prior elicitation, inference, and prediction for the standard sampling models covered in the rst statistics course. The intended audience would be undergraduate and graduate students in students and applied statisticians who are being introduced to the Bayesian viewpoint. Modeling Bayes This software is application speci c. It would provide Bayesian methods for a speci c application such as normal regression, time series, generalized linear models, or expert systems. The target audience for say, Bayesian time series software, would be those statisticians in academia or industry who routinely analyze time series data. Research Bayes There is a general need for software to meet the needs of people who are developing new Bayesian models and tting procedures. These researchers typically write their own computer programs to implement their procedures and there is a need for a package of computer subroutines, such as a simulation package, to make it easier to program. 1.4 MATLAB This article will illustrate di erent types of Bayesian software using the MATLAB programming language. What is MATLAB? It is an interactive high-level language for integrating computation, visualization, and programming. It was originally written to provide an easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. The basic data element in MATLAB is a matrix. One performs calculations by entering calculatortype instructions in the Command Window. Alternatively, one can execute sets of commands by means of scripts called Mles and functions. MATLAB has extensive facilities for displaying vectors and matrices as graphs. 4 MATLAB is especially popular in the elds of mathematics, engineering, and science. Many application-speci c collection of programs, called toolboxes, have been developed over the years. Areas in which toolboxes are available include si


The mechanisms by which altered processing, distribution and secretion of proteolytic enzymes occur, facilitating degradation of the extracellular matrix in invasive and metastatic cells, are not fully understood. Studies on the MCF-IOA breast epithelial cell line and its premalignant, c-Ha-ras-transfected MCF-IOAneoT counterpart have shown that the ras-transfected cell line has a more alkaline pH. The objective of this study was to determine which organelles of the endosome-lysosome route were alkalinized and shifted to the cell periphery after ras-transfection. Antibodies to the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP), required for pH studies, were raised in rabbits and chickens using DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) as immunogen. Cationised DNP-OVA (DNP-catOVA) was also inoculated to increase antibody titres. Anti-hapten and carrier antibody titres were assessed. In rabbits, cationisation seems useful to increase anti-DNP titres if a non-self carrier protein (OVA) is used. In chickens, cationisation of DNP-OVA seems necessary to produce a sustained anti-OVA (anti-self) response (implying a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy). Oregon Green® 488 dextran pulse-chase uptake and fluorescent microscopy, and (2,4-dinitroanilino)-3' -amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP) uptake, immunolabelling for DNP (a component of DAMP) and unique markers for the early endosome (early endosome antigen-I, EEAI), the late endosome (cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, CI-MPR) and the lysosome (small electron dense morphology and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2, LAMP-2) and electron mlcroscopy was performed. The pH of late endosomes and lysosomes in the ras-transfected MCF-IOAneoT cell line were found to be relatively alkalinised and Iysosomes shifted toward the cell periphery. The acidic pH of late endosomes is required to release precursor cysteine and aspartic proteases from their receptors (e.g. CI-MPR), process the precursors to active proteases and to allow receptor recycling. The more alkaline pH observed potentially explains the altered processing of proteases in rastransfected cells. Alkalinisation of the cytosol may affect the cytoskeleton responsible for, among other things, the positioning and trafficking of various organelles, causing relocation of Iysosomes toward the cell periphery and actin depolymerisation. This may enable fusion of Iysosomes with the plasma membrane and the release of proteolytic enzymes, facilitating the observed invasive phenotype.


A physics-based mathematical model of springtime runoff from snow-covered hillslopes is presented. The model accounts for liquid water flow, heat conduction, and vapor diffusion simultaneously within a snow cover. The physics-based approach is verified by testing the model with two sets of observed data. Also, by applying the model to a hypothetical snow-covered plot, it is demonstrated that springtime diurnal changes are not restricted to a thin layer near the snow surface, but they may influence the entire depth of a wet snowpack.


The President of the Russian Federation called the workload of the courts one of the most acute problems of the Russian judicial system. "This, of course, affects the quality of judicial acts and can lead a judge to mistakes," said the President, speaking at the XI AllRussian Congress of Judges. The following facts, for example, testify to the enormous loads on Russian judges. According to sociological studies conducted in five federal districts, a fairly large number of judges (12.4%) have a standard weekly load of more than 50 cases and materials per week, that is, the judge must decide on 10 cases or materials per day. With an eight-hour working day, this is 48 minutes for one thing. At the same time, the recommended for the marginal rate of the judicial burden on one judge is much lower: for an arbitrator at the level of 16.8 cases per month; for judges of general jurisdiction at the level of 2.8 criminal cases or 5 civil cases per week. In this regard, reducing the burden on the judicial system is a very urgent task of the modern stage of its development. Reducing the burden on the judicial system as a whole and on individual judges in particular seems to be an important but rather technical measure. That is why it does not appear in research as a direction for reforming the judicial system in Russia. Meanwhile, almost all of the legislative activity of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation,1 which has been very active in recent years, has this orientation. And from technical this direction has grown into a political-legal one, which cannot be ignored.


Edge linking is a fundamental computer-vision task, viewed as a constrained optimization problem, it is NP hard- being isomorphic to the classical traveling salesman problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient Elastic Net method for edge linking of images. A dynamic parameter strategy is introduced into the Elastic Net, which enable the network to have superior search ability for edge points and converge sooner to optimal or near-optimal solutions. Simulations are conducted on a series of artificial images. The results confirm that this method effectively improves both the solution quality and convergence speed of the classical Elastic Net.


BACKGROUND
Wide local excision (WLE) with 2 to 5 cm margins has been conventionally used for the treatment of superficial leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Because margin control is the strongest predictor of clinical recurrence, many dermatologic surgeons have recently recommended Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) over wide local excision (WLE) as the primary treatment modality.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the aggregate rate of local recurrence after treatment of superficial LMS with MMS among the few reports in the literature.

METHODS
A systematic literature search using the PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Library was performed from inception to June 2017. One case report from our institution was included.

RESULTS
A meta-analysis of 14 reports of 48 cases of superficial LMS treated with MMS showed a mean recurrence rate of 2.08% to 6.25% with a mean follow-up period of 1570.9 days, compared to reported recurrence rates of 30% to 50% for WLE. Among these cases there were no reports of distant metastases.

CONCLUSION
Treatment of superficial leiomyosarcoma with MMS shows markedly lower rates of recurrence compared to reported rates of recurrence after WLE. Further prospective trials with larger sample sizes are needed to compare both modalities.


After a physician talks to a patient and gets a medical history, he may wish to ¿see¿ inside the patient's body. Although surgical investigation is sometimes the only way to determine exactly what a medical problem is, or the extent of that problem, physicians are relying increasingly on various electronic diagnostic instruments to extend their senses: Among such instruments are ultrasonic scanners, thermographic devices, radionuclide imaging, endoscopic instruments, and microscopes. But yet another technique ¿ X-ray imaging ¿ has acquired particular popularity. Recent developments, such as computerized three-dimensional image generation and sophisticated digital image-processing systems, together with electronic picture processing, are enabling higher image quality while underscoring the need for an economically viable technology for bulk picture storage.


The modern information technology applies in the high normal college biology teaching,was the tradition educationalreform and the need to develop,was the biological discipline's characteristic decision,also the middle school teaching professionneed which pedagogical will live was engaged in the future.Therefore,we must be fully auxiliary using the modern informationtechnology high normal college teachers and students physics to discuss the teaching,the experiment teaching and the microstandard teaching.But in the application,we must pay attention to the prominent student's main body status,play teacher's leadingrole,to enhance the pedagogical fresh information accomplishment.


Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), especially for small children, has been limited by the cadaveric donor organ shortage (1). In order to overcome this problem, split liver transplantation (SLT) and living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) have been developed, and many centers have accepted the feasibility of these techniques (2, 3). The number of new registered liver transplant candidates has been increasing (4), and LRLT will remain in the mainstream of treatments for end-stage liver disease unless cadaveric organ donation becomes well organized. Since Calne (5) referred to the biliary tract as the Achilles heel of liver transplantation in 1976, biliary complications have remained a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, recent studies have reported a higher incidence of biliary complications after SLT and LRLT than after OLT (6, 7). With the accelerated application of adult and pediatric LRLT, special attention should be paid to biliary strictures as a long-term complication of surgery.


In today's world, Energy conservation is not only the future but also the need of the hour. As the global society collectively gets smarter with the advent of technology it has also created a broader demand for energy. The only way to bridge the imbalance between consumption and availability is to conserve energy. In this paper, we construct a very efficient way to spread awareness about energy conservation by leveraging VR to create an immersive interactive experience that spreads awareness of energy conservation. The solution includes the user indulging in three game-based VR environments that make the user realize the need to conserve energy. The first environment is a domestic home where the kids participate in conserving energy, the second scene involves a game where the kids destroy eco-damaging products and take in eco-friendly items and the final environment is an office where children get to know efficiently practices to conserve energy in a workplace. The VR-enabled solution is aimed at children for fostering a sense of social consciousness about energy conservation. The interactive tasks created with the help of the Unity game engine enhance motivation and empathy towards energy conservation among young users.


A thin film structure with Ag nanocrystallites embedded in a polycrystalline C60 matrix was grown under high vacuum by codeposition of Ag and C60 onto the hot substrate. The structural and physical properties of the film were characterized by a transmission electron microscope and a Raman scattering spectrometer. The Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed and not aggregated. An ordered nanoscale C60 lattice was observed between the two adjacent Ag particles, and the Raman-active Ag(2) pentagonal-pinch mode of C60 shifted to lower frequency. These results imply a strong interfacial interaction and charge transfer from the Ag to the C60.


Tour group in front of Norforce Headquarters at Larrakeyah. Photo taken when Basil returned to Darwin for the 60th Anniversary of the Bombing of Darwin.


Equivalent static wind loads(ESWL) were divided into three components,including the mean,the background and the resonant component.Load-response correlation method(LRC) combined with POD technique gives background component of ESWL in form of eigenmodes of fluctuating wind load.Resonant component of ESWL was formulated in terms of combination of inertial loads of dominating vibration modes.Furthermore,two important indicators were proposed to choose dominating eigenmodes and vibration modes.This method related ESWL to main eigenmodes of fluctuating wind load and dominant vibration modes of wind-induced response.ESWL of single layer reticular dome shells was researched,and the results validated the proposed method.


There have been numerous changes in botanical names of New Zealand weeds and their assignment to plant families since the publication of the relevant Flora of New Zealand volumes. This paper outlines the reasons behind the changes in nomenclature, including the recent use of DNA sequencing to classify plants by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Currently accepted name changes and new assignment of families for weeds in New Zealand are listed.


The synthesis of immunoglobulin and of nuclear proteins has been studied in synchronized mouse myeloma cells of the C1 line. Synchronization has been obtained by a double thymidine block. C1 cells synthesize immunoglobulin at a relatively constant rate throughout the cell cycle except for mitosis, when a decrease in the rate of synthesis of total protein and of immunoglobulin is observed. Cell synchrony around mitosis is not sufficiently good to determine whether immunoglobulin is synthesized at all. Nuclear protein and in particular histones appear to be synthesized synchronously with DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle.


Pseudo‐homophony may result when non‐native listeners cannot distinguish phonemic contrasts. Thus Dutch listeners have difficulty distinguishing the vowels of English cattle versus kettle, because this contrast is subsumed by a single Dutch vowel category; in consequence, both words may be activated whenever either is heard. A lexical decision study in English explored this phenomenon by testing for repetition priming. The materials contained among 340 items 18 pairs such as cattle/kettle, i.e., contrasting only in those vowels, and 18 pairs contrasting only in r/l (e.g., right/light). These materials, spoken by a native American English speaker, were presented to fluent non‐native speakers of English, 48 Dutch Nijmegen University students, and 48 Japanese Dokkyo University students; the listeners performed lexical decision on each spoken item, and response time was measured. Dutch listeners responded significantly faster to one member of a cattle/kettle pair after having heard the other member earlier in...


Introduction Austin Sarat 1. Where the law lies: constitutional fictions and their discontents Mary Anne Franks 2. The artifice of advocacy: perjury and participation in the American adversary system Norman W. Spaulding 3. Lies to manipulate, misappropriate, and acquire governmental power Helen Norton 4. Lies, rape, and statutory rape Stuart P. Green 5. Law and the production of deceit William N. Eskridge, Jr Afterword: law, lies, and law schools Montre Carodine.


Objective The correlation between contract nurses'job satisfaction and job stressors was examined. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by using Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Nurse Job Stressors Scale in 130 contracted nurses. Results The total score of job satisfaction of the contract nurses was 62.92±10.21, the score of internal satisfaction was 39.75±6.42 and the score of external satisfaction was 23.18±4.71. Internal and external satisfaction was negatively correlated with five aspects of job stressors and length of service (P0.05,P0.01). The internal satisfaction was positively correlated with the departments where they worked (P0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both internal and external satisfactions were significantly influenced by two aspects of job stressors, including management, interpersonal relationships, scheduling and workloads (P0.01 for all). And external satisfaction was significantly influenced by educational status of the contract nurses (P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion The features of a specific job is the major influencing factor of the job satisfaction of contract nurses and the managers should pay attention to the development of their ability to deal with stresses, and the career planning to improve their job satisfaction.


was obtained at the time of admission. The first attempt to treat him for catatonic schizophrenia with antipsychotics, lorazepam, and sodium valproate only reduced his confusional states. Therefore, ECT was carried out. ECT improved catatonia and psychosis, and confusional states gradually. After 13 ECT sessions and use of antipsychotics, the patient made a full recovery. He did not show any central hypoventilation in the course of the disease. After discharge we were informed that the anti-NMDA antibody in his CSF was positive. At 1-year follow-up the patient had fully recovered, and required no medication. Without information on anti-NMDA-receptor antibody, we would have misdiagnosed the patient as having schizophrenia and passed over the encephalitis. Because treatment for anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis differs from that of schizophrenia, the differential diagnosis is crucial. Pharmaceutical therapy for schizophrenia was not effective in the present case, but ECT ameliorated the psychotic symptoms. The present finding suggests that ECT is an effective treatment option for catatonia and psychosis in anti-NMDAreceptor encephalitis. The current literature shows only a limited effect of ECT for anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: one patient made a full recovery after ECT but only in conjunction with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, while another patient's symptoms were partially improved with ECT, but full recovery was attained only after tumor removal. We do not fully understand the mechanism of ECT in anti-NMDAreceptor encephalitis. In the present case, it is possible that ECT temporarily attenuated the symptoms while encephalitis was improved in the natural course. Recent studies, however, have shown that ECT modulates the glutamatergic synapses in animal models. Thus, studying anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis may lead to a better understanding of the function of NMDA receptors and ECT. Further studies are needed to confirm the present observation.


The treatment process of mine water with suspended substance and relatively high organics is introduced based on the water quality data of mine water in some coal mine and the process principle of biochemistry purification pretreatment.The number,type and price of equipment and the number,size and other parameter of structures is specialized.The economic benefit analysis indicates thant sewage plant direct operating cost is 0.668 yuan per ton.


The paper analyze approximately the stabilities of a inverted pendulum according to its differential equation of movement. The accurate orbit of movement in speed space is to imitated out by using computer , when different and outside impetus force on it, and its movement course of running to chaos from the rule is analyzed simplely according to the orbit of movement


In the trend of openness and international economic integration, traditional craft villages are gradually regaining their positions in the economic, cultural and social life of each country and nation. These villages are like colorful images contributing to recreate the unique, lively, separate and irreplaceable features of the country and people in each area and region. Currently, developing craft village tourism is the subject of various studies, and is the target of many provinces in Vietnam. This paper focuses on analyzing the current status of craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc - a province located in the North of Vietnam, showing the results, limitations as well as proposing a range of recommendations to develop craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc in the context of world economic integration.


Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by localized neuronal loss, and the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells. Biopsy samples of skin, rectal and sural nerve showed hyaline intranuclear inclusions. Reported NIID cases showed familial type according to family history, and three clinical subgroups (infantile, juvenile and adult form) according to onset and disease duration. NIID has been considered as a heterogeneous disease because of the highly variable clinical manifestations including cognitive dysfunction, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. Additionally, some NIID cases presented episodes of conscious disturbance, cognitive decline, movement disorder or even fever. Head magnetic resonance imaging of some patients revealed symmetrical leukoencephalopathy in T2 image and fluid attenuated inversion recovery image and high intensity signal in corticomedullary junction in diffusion weighted image. But it is not the only abnormal finding of imaging, and other diseases may also present the similar changing. Other diseases including fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome, Huntington′s disease and spinocerebellar ataxia should be considered in differential diagnosis.

Key words:
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease; Neurodegenerative disease; Dementia; Peripheral neuropathy; Fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome


Technology scaling of tiled-based CMPs reduces the physical size of each tile and increases the number of tiles per die. This trend directly impacts the on-chip interconnect; even though the tile population increases, the inter-tile link distances scale down proportionally to the tile dimensions. The decreasing inter-tile wire lengths can be exploited to enable swift link traversal between neighboring tiles, after appropriate wire engineering. Building on this premise, we propose a technique to rapidly transfer flits between adjacent routers in half a clock cycle, by utilizing both edges of the clock during the sending and receiving operations. Half-cycle link traversal enables, for the first time, substantial reductions in (a) link power, irrespective of the data switching profile, and (b) buffer power (through buffer-size reduction), without incurring any latency/throughput loss. In fact, the proposed architecture also yields some latency improvements over a baseline NoC. Detailed hardware analysis using placed-and-routed designs, and cycle-accurate full-system simulations corroborate the significant power and latency improvements.


Automata theory, transliteration, and machine translation (MT) have an interesting and intertwined history.

Finite-state string automata theory became a powerful tool for speech and language after the introduction of the ATT furthermore, these machines can be pipelined to attack complex problems like speech recognition. Likewise, n-gram models can be captured by finite-state acceptors, which can be reused across applications.

It is possible to mix, match, and compose transducers to flexibly solve all kinds of problems. One such problem is transliteration, which can be modeled as a pipeline of string transformations. MT has also been modeled with transducers, and descendants of the FSM toolkit are now used to implement phrase-based machine translation. Even speech recognizers and MT systems can themselves be composed to deliver speech-to-speech MT.

The main rub with finite-state string MT is word re-ordering. Tree transducers offer a natural mechanism to solve this problem, and they have recently been employed with some success.

In this talk, we will survey these ideas (and their origins), and we will finish with a discussion of how transliteration and MT can work together.


High-temperature superheater tubes suddenly ruptured during one 600MW coal-fired supercritical unit startup commissioning.By on-spot inspecting original explosion crack appearance and analyzing tube damage and superheaters' structure characteristics,the direct cause was short-time overheating due to solid blockage.Endoscopy was used to find out the solid blockage in tube.After taking out the blockage,it was found that the manufacturer should be responsible for the product quality defects.


abstractA new 502-kw klystron amplifier, specifically designed for ISM applications, is described.Conceived to meet the need for higher level of CW microwave power in numerous applications, while avoiding certain problems associated with the use of large number of magnetrons in parallel, this tube has been designed using a computer to aid in determining the optimum values of the different design parameters. One of the most interesting features is the unusual resonant-cavity spacing. The other tube features are dealt with, and typical performance characteristics are presented.


Develops a summary construct, relationship strength, composed of interfirm trust, relationship commitment, and relationalism and supports the role of relationship strength in achieving positive relational outcomes, like relationship satisfaction and performance. The survey sample comes from a national population of hospital material managers who make decisions regarding purchases from a small group of large medical/surgical supply firms. Structural models support improved fit provided by relationship strength over a model containing the individual constructs comprising relationship strength. Managerial and academic implications of relationship strength include improved strategic planning and actionable information on improving relational outcomes.


In this paper, we would like to investigate the effects of image preprocessing on the overall performance of various Atari agents. When training an RL agent with a DQN, you are always faced with a tradeoff: to what extent should I compress my training images in order to save computational time without losing crucial aspects of the original image? Downsampling, frame skipping (not image preprocessing, but in the same spirit), gray scaling, and image cropping have all proven effective methods of dimensionality reduction in Atari DQN, however no one has seemed to study these methods in any significant depth. We would like to study these preprocessing techniques at their most extreme in order to answer the question...how compressed can we get? For example, while reducing image resolution to an almost unrecognizable extent may result in more timesteps to convergence for a Pacman agent, is there a chance that wall clock time to convergence would be reduced? By comparing the performance of agents across these two measures (number of time steps and real time to convergence), we would like to develop a method by which other researchers can quickly determine the optimal level of image preprocessing for their given task. Furthermore, we would like to rank these different preprocessing techniques in terms of effectiveness. For example in the context of Pacman, gray scaling probably has little negative effect on performance. Therefore, gray scaling could be ranked as an essential aspect of image preprocessing when training a DQN Atari agent. Other image preprocessing techniques however may pose more tradeoffs. We would like to conduct this experiment with something like the Pacman environment because it is deterministic, and therefore could be learned completely blind. In this experiment we would like to compare the relative performances of a blind agent, an agent that sees the state space in full resolution, and agents with varying levels of state-space visibility in between. Performance will be measured in terms of the two measures of time convergence mentioned


preview 1 Using Means-end Approaches to Understand Business Complaint Management Stephan C. Henneberg * Bahar Ashnai * Thorsten Gruber * Peter Naude * Alexander Reppel $ * Manchester IMP Research Group Manchester Business School The University of Manchester $ School of Management Royal Holloway University of London Revised Paper Submission IMP Conference, Uppsala University


Many different medications can be administered t o patients preoperatively. The majority of the preoperative medications (premedicants) used clinically today can be classified into one of the following groups: sedative/ hypnotics, major tranquilizers, opioids, dissociative anesthetics, antihistamines, Hr antagonists, antacids, gastric motil i ty stimulants, anticholinergics, antiemetics, and alpha-2 agonists. It i s important for pharmacists t o have a basic understanding of the agents contained in each group. Specifically, the pharmacist needs t o be familiar with the agents' onset and duration of action, routes of administration, dosing,


of items selected from the thousands in yoder's collection of religious and folk ephemera. i only wish for a more full-scale treatment of all of the north American folk customs surrounding February 2: St. brigid's Day, St. blaise, la chandeleur, la candelaria, and the neopagan celebrations of imbolc. like Groundhog Day, many rural traditions are impacted by the changes that have come recently to the landscape and the agrarian year, and yoder's book can serve as a model for research in this area.


A new double integration-based method to extract model parameters is applied to experimental polysilicon nanowire MOSFETs. It was experimentally found that the saturation current shows the sensitivity of the Nano-wire MOSFETs if the conventional method fails to show the sensitivity depending upon the threshold voltage of Nano-wire MOSFET. It shows that the present method offers advantage over previous extraction procedure which use trans-conductance curve in the saturation mode, and the threshold voltage is determined by the intercept of curve. In addition to show how compact model for the Id-Vg characteristics are numerically evaluated and examined. The drain and gate bias dependencies of device current are shown. Also the model we proposed fits to the silicon data. Our experimental results support the model which we proposed in this paper. The drain current measured in saturation region can easily show the change in current level at different conditions but the convention theory for the linear region is difficult to do for sensitivity test of Nano-wire.


Near-critical thermodynamics in the hard-sphere (1, 1) electrolyte is well described, at a classical level, by Debye-H\"uckel (DH) theory with $(+,\ensuremath{-})$ ion pairing and dipolar-pair-ionic-fluid coupling. But DH-based theories do not address density fluctuations. Here density correlations are obtained by functional differentiation of DH theory generalized to nonuniform densities of various species. The correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ diverges universally at low density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ as $(T\ensuremath{\rho}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1/4}$ (correcting the generalized mean-spherical approximation). When $\ensuremath{\rho}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$ one has $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}^{+}{/t}^{1/2}$ as $t\ensuremath{\equiv}({T\ensuremath{-}T}_{c}){/T}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0+$, where the amplitudes ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}^{+}$ compare informatively with experimental data.


ABSTRACT Proper promotion choice is vital for lodging establishments. Promotions that produce positive results are especially important given the current situation. The double impact of September 11 and a faltering economy have had occupancies reeling nationwide. Hoteliers need to know what promotions will be the most effective for their marketing needs. A ranking of overall consumer preferences of promotional tools is presented. A factor analysis was performed with four segments analyzed. Finally, multidimensional scaling was used with three clusters analyzed. The results provide insights for lodging marketers.


Advanced benefits in the pool result can be achieved by applying modern scheduling techniques, in conjunction with electronical data processing. Even with a fleet of only five ships, the detailed computer system proved to be superior to manual techniques of experienced schedulers. The computed schedule permitted, on the average, each ship to be assigned to additional jobs for one day per month. This effect increases relative to the number of ships scheduled. For an EDP-system to be effective it is necessary to use the basic information concerning the scheduling; including information on short term alterations, such as subletting or offers on the free market. The analysis of changes within the scheduling system normally involves a great manual effort. To overcome this problem the scheduler is able to communicate on line, in dialogue with the computer through the console, direct from his workplace. Depending upon the required information and the urgency of the reply, the scheduler is able to select, at distinct levels, an analysis of the effect of a particular operation. At the first stage, he obtains the variations of the economic pool result by changes and decisions relative to the schedule. At the next level, notice of the best possibilities of voyage combinations and assignments for ships and contracts are given. In the last stage, the system computes the schedule with the best pool result.


This paper describes SIIP (Speaker Identification Integrated Project) a high performance innovative and sustainable Speaker Identification (SID) solution, running over large voice samples database. The solution is based on development, integration and fusion of a series of speech analytic algorithms which includes speaker model recognition, gender identification, age identification, language and accent identification, keyword and taxonomy spotting. A full integrated system is proposed ensuring multisource data management, advanced voice analysis, information sharing and efficient and consistent man-machine interactions.


The invention discloses a spacecraft vibration test fixture evaluation system, comprising a fixture attribute browsing module (1), a fixture mode calculating module (2), a fixture vibration response characteristic calculating module (3), a fixture performance evaluating module (4) and a fixture management database (5). By adopting the system disclosed by the invention, an integrated process of fixture characteristic calculation and analysis, fixture characteristic evaluation and fixture data management is realized, fixture dynamic characteristic simulation computation and dynamic characteristic index quantitative evaluation can be rapidly completed, workload of an engineer is reduced, and fixture evaluation efficiency and fixture model management efficiency are improved.


The paper focuses on the role of mass children's sports in the system of continuous physical education. The need for improving health saving activities in children's sports school is proved, an original pedagogical model of health protection in the training process at the initial stage of sports specialization is proposed. The effectiveness of the implementing this model is supported by the results of observing young athletes in a one-year training cycle.


To strengthen the humanities in medical education is the requirement for promoting the comprehensive development of medical students.It helps medical students to cultivate their humanistic qualities by merging humanities education into human parasitology teaching.


This work presents research that we intended to publish jointly with Maarten de Wit on the importance of Hans Keidel in the definition of the Gondwanides and in his pioneering proposal of correlation between the Sierras de la Ventana mountain system in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and its counterpart in the Cape System in South Africa. Keidel's proposals were used by Wegener in the 1920 second edition of his Theory on Continental Drift. Keidel's role and his ideas of correlation were recognized and strengthened by du Toit's field work in 1923 in the Sierras de la Ventana and which he left behind in his field notebook. Du Toit has the credit of being the first to carry out fieldwork on both continents. His observations and his precise correlations confirmed Keidel's hypotheses through his 1927 publication and his book on The Wandering Continents. It is noteworthy that after Wegener's death in 1930, du Toit defended the Theory of Continental Drift for years almost alone. The work is documented with photographs from du Toit's trip to South America, the originals of which have been lost in the devastating 2021 fire at the Jagger Library at the University of Cape Town.


The Soviet people and our Party have, with unprecedented creative inspiration, set about the practical execution of the historic decisions of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party - the Congress of the builders of communism.


Women are demanding more choice and control in their childbirth experience, and often look to complementary therapies for alternatives or adjuncts to standard obstetric care. The essential oils used in aromatherapy are now widely available, often in products such as bath oils, cosmetics and massage oils. As many of these aim to promote relaxation, they are a popular choice for pregnant women anticipating labour.


Background/Context Calls to increase participation in and access to STEM education have been loud and frequent. These democratizing efforts have targeted the aspirations and expectations of non-dominant students attending U.S. secondary schools, promising pathways to college and opportunities for social mobility, yet the results have been mixed. While some exemplars exist, recent research has identified a number of social and structural challenges that undermine the stated goals of policy initiatives and fail to yield positive student outcomes. Purpose Drawing upon the authors' notion of shadow capital, an extension of Bourdieu's theoretical framework, and Holland, Lachincotte, Skinner, and Cain's theory of figured worlds, this article explores how high-achieving students from non-dominant backgrounds construct their academic identities amid limited STEM material and discursive structures in two urban, non-selective, public, STEM-focused schools. In so doing, we aim to extend and complicate the literature on STEM reform and its ability to provide opportunity and improve outcomes for non-dominant students. Research Design The findings reported herein are part of a larger ethnographic, longitudinal, and comparative study of eight non-selective, urban public high schools serving primarily economically and racially non-dominant students. Data consist of interviews with multiple stakeholders, sustained participant and non-participant observation, and document analysis. In this article we focus on two STEM-focused schools, STEM Academy and Broadway Science Academy (BSA), and primarily draw upon interview data given our emphasis on student identity development. Findings/Results As a result of a mismatch between the intention and outcome of STEM reform as it plays out in this study, each school provided students with shadow capital. Given the different school contexts, the effects of this shadow capital on students' STEM identities vary across site. In the case of STEM Academy, students develop conflicted STEM identities amid the school's own conflicted institutional identity as both STEM-focused and college preparatory. In the case of BSA, students are provided opportunities that are seen as more "connected" to student-lived experiences, resulting in vocational pathways devoid of the elements that truly bridge home and school in ways that create opportunity, complicating students' ability to actualize their college and career aspirations. Conclusions/Recommendations In order to create authentic and meaningful connected STEM opportunities that allow students to draw from their own stores of capital and nurture STEM identities, we need to reevaluate and re-envision the "good intentions" undergirding the democratization of education and ask whether efforts to democratize STEM are plausible within our deeply stratified system.


By the final decades of the nineteenth century, the child-wife had come under the purview of reformist legislation in British India. Infant marriage was widely prevalent in most parts of the subcontinent and in imitation of the high dogmatic standards set by brahmanical castes, other lower castes and classes too adopted early marriage. Besides religious directives, believers in child marriage put forth many other 'practical' reasons for the continuance of this practice. They argued that such indissoluble marriage that practically lasted from birth to death signified a higher form of love and bonding that surpassed mere physical desires. Magniloquence about infant marriage, however, hid from immediate view its evil effects. More pernicious and direct effects of infant marriage were sexual abuse of child-wives, their premature motherhood, and widespread widowhood. Though largely overlooked, women writers did use their pens to raise awareness on this issue. This chapter concentrates on short stories by Cornelia Sorabji and M.P. Seelavathi Amma.


Some fatty acid supplements in concentrate containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, ROXB wereevaluated for effects on milk yield, milk fat and protein, including milk fatty acid. Four lactating (4 ± 1.5months ) Fries Holland (FH) cows were allocated into four treatments of concentrate containing 4.5%palm oil (CP0), 4.5% corn oil (CP1), 4.5% roasted ground corn (CP2), and 1.5% corn oil and 3% roastedground corn (CP3), respectively, in 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental design with 3 d-period. Resultsshowed that there were no significant (P>0.05) effects on milk yield, milk fat and protein, and milk fattyacid. However, the highest average of milk production was found in CP2 (8.63 kg/d). Milk fat wasdecreasing to 3.81% in conjunction with the more potential total PUFA (71.81%) in CP3 with corn oiland roasted ground corn. Ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in milk was the same in both, CP2 and CP3, itwas 2.14. However , since the objective of this research was to improve milk yield as well as milkcomponents and health concern, therefore the CP2 with roasted ground corn was considered as theoptimal one.


A redundancy scheme and circuitry for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are proposed. The scheme requires the modification of the wiring resource segmentation and the addition of spare rows and selector circuits. An improved yield gross product is quantitatively studied. The disadvantages caused by this architecture, such as an area overhead and speed degradation, are discussed. It is concluded that, in this redundancy scheme, the sufficient number of spare rows is one or two for practical cases and the gross yield product can be doubled at an early stage of production. The proposed scheme can be applicable to a wide range of FPGA architectures.


With the COVID-19 pandemic, we all suffered from several restrictions and measures regulating interaction with one another. We had to wear masks, use hand sanitizer, have open-air meetings, feel a combination of excitement and frustration, and eventually depend on online video calls. The combinations of these additional requirements and limitations, while necessary, affected how we could involve users in the different stages of design. It has profoundly hindered our chances of meeting in person with people with temporary or permanent disabilities. In our project, involving people with intellectual disabilities in the museum context, we also had to deal with museums being closed and physical exhibitions being canceled. At the same time, guardians and caregivers often turned to a stricter interpretation of anti-COVID measures to protect people with intellectual disabilities. This paper aims to discuss these challenges and share our lessons about coping with challenging and unpredictable situations by using improvisation.


In the process of metal ore blasting mining, the surrounding rock in the middle and far area will still be affected by the stress wave generated by the explosion, resulting in the damage and strength reduction of surrounding rock. The fracture process of rock under cyclic impact load is a process of energy absorption and dissipation. The research on the mechanical properties and energy dissipation law of surrounding rock under low velocity cyclic impact has a good reference for the research on the damage law of rock under weak impact environment. In this paper, the granite samples collected from Sanshandao Gold Mine in Laizhou City, Shandong Province were subjected to cyclic impact tests by using a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device. The stress-strain evolution law and energy dissipation law of the specimen in the process of damage and fracture are mainly studied. The results show that the dynamic process of a large number of void defects (such as voids, dislocations, microcracks, etc.) in granite under cyclic impact load is strengthened, and the damaged core is formed and propagated, leading to tensile fracture; With the accumulation of strain energy, the damage situation intensifies, and then affects the stress propagation, so that the ratio of incident energy to reflected energy increases linearly with the accumulation of strain energy, and the ratio of transmitted energy also decreases linearly.


The substantial increases in the volume of tourist information available as a consequence of rapid technological change, globalization, and the blurring boundaries of competition are the main reasons that both consumers and destinations face complexity. These forces combined have caused a process that is "reengineering" the tourism industry. Particularly destination image, influenced by the proliferation of communicated destination identities, as driven by the online revolution, holds many innovation promises in terms of destination marketing and positioning. As it is difficult for tourists to form a clear image of a destination without the actual experience, the multimedia interactive nature of the Web can add a whole new dimension to destination marketing. But how are those image attributes that have the largest impact on consumer perception and therefore destination choice identified and measured? Through empirical data this article shows that the present multiattribute destination image research is inadequate in predicting destination choice behavior. A subsequent discussion of the results asserts that the deconstruction of traditional destination image theory is unavoidable. In its place, it is concluded, emerges a new information technology-based destination image measurement paradigm.


COVID-19 has affected many areas of life worldwide, such as the economy, education, security, social life, and health. In this work, we survey research papers on machine learning, the Internet of things (IoT), medical imaging, and software applications to prevent, diagnose, reduce, and manage COVID-19. Artificial intelligence is an important research area to solve problems in emergent domains from homeland security to biomedical engineering. Artificial intelligence subdomains such as image processing, data mining, networks, graph theory, natural language processing, and computer vision are frequently applied for COVID-19 data. IoT sensors collect data from patients and elderly people in their homes, hospital rooms, or elsewhere for early prediction and monitoring. The collected data are used in machine learning algorithms such as decision tree, naïve Bayes classifier, neural network, and k-means algorithms for classification and clustering. Computed tomography is also commonly used to determine the presence of any COVID-19 infection or damage in patients' lungs. Image segmentation, object detection, and object tracking are used to extract features from medical images. Experimental results of these surveyed papers demonstrate that these approaches are promising for predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID-19.