This article is based on research on the interface between systemic psychotherapists who as expert witnesses write reports for the family court in England and the judges who receive them. It explores how well a systemic stance is suited to this type of work and whether there is scope for more systemic therapists to involve themselves in it. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with systemic psychotherapists with experience of acting as expert witnesses and with family court judges. The results were analysed using grounded theory. In the process of the research the focus expanded from an abstract epistemological enquiry to include more practical aspects of connection and difference. Findings indicated that whilst a systemic and relational approach would seem particularly well suited to this work, it was not 'visible' as such to lawyers involved in commissioning expert witnesses. This raises the question as to whether there is an ethical responsibility on practitioners to highlight the potential usefulness of systemic thinking in this context.

Practitioner points
An approach which promotes relational thinking and addresses issues of marginalization is under-represented in family court work but is well suited to and needed in it
Systemic practitioners face theoretical, personal and practical challenges in undertaking it
The systemic community has an ethical responsibility to consider whether there is scope for it to make a greater contribution in this area


We evaluate the reactivity of the Au surface towards H2 and compared the reactivity with Ag, Cu, and Pt surfaces. The reactivity is represented by the H2 dissociation energy over each surface. Their dissociation energies were calculated based on DFT calculation with PBE functional and PAW pseudopotential. The calculation results show that the Pt surface is the most reactive, followed by the Cu, Ag, and Au surfaces. The PDOS illustrates the d-band center is above Fermi level only on the Pt surface which indicates that it is the most reactive towards H2. The adsorbate charge shows that Cu donates the most electrons, trailed by Ag and Au. This study concludes that Au surface is the most inert among the other three metals. This inertness is a characteristic that defines a noble metal.


The formation of microgrids has impaired conventional distribution system protection. The problem is directly affecting the basic protection requirements namely sensitivity, selectivity and speed. Several solutions have been proposed for restoring protection system performance. In this paper, a review on different proposed solutions is presented with a discussion of their principle of operation, advantages, and practical limitations.


The Friction Stir Welding process developed by The Welding Institute (TWI) has found application throughout the transportation industry. This technique has proven to be a viable joining process for aluminum alloys, producing virtually defect free welds with improved mechanical properties as compared to conventional fusion welding. Lockheed Martin Space Systems - Michoud Operations has been developing this technology for application on aluminum 2219 and 2195 cryogenic tankage since 1995. This effort will come to fruition with implementation on the longitudinal welds of the External Fuel Tank (ET) of the Shuttle. To this end, sub-and full-scale demonstration programs coupled with process development and optimization have been complete. Full size ET tool has been designed, fabricated and are being installed at the Michoud Assembly Facility. Upon completion of the tooling certification and materials allowables testing, production will commence. This implementation will result in increased reliability and safety of flight for the Shuttle.


In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised landmark-region-based convolutional neural network (LR-CNN) framework to detect facial component and landmark simultaneously. Most of the existing course-to-fine facial detectors fail to detect landmark accurately without lots of fully labeled data, which are costly to obtain. We can handle the task with a small amount of finely labeled data. First, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks are utilized to generate training samples with weak labels, as data preparation. Then, through weakly supervised learning, our LR-CNN model can be trained effectively with a small amount of finely labeled data and a large amount of generated weakly labeled data. Notably, our approach can handle the situation when large occlusion areas occur, as we localize visible facial components before predicting corresponding landmarks. Detecting unblocked components first helps us to focus on the informative area, resulting in a better performance. Additionally, to improve the performance of the above tasks, we design two models as follows: 1) we add AnchorAlign in the region proposal networks to accurately localize components and 2) we propose a two-branch model consisting classification branch and regression branch to detect landmark. Extensive evaluations on benchmark datasets indicate that our proposed approach is able to complete the multi-task facial detection and outperforms the state-of-the-art facial component and landmark detection algorithms.


Total and active time required to prepare 20 convenience foods and their home- prepared counterparts with a conventional electric range and a countertop mi crowave oven were measured. The majority of home-prepared foods (91%) re quired more total preparation time, and all home-prepared foods required more active preparation time, than did the convenience counterparts. Most foods pre pared with the electric range (78%) required more total preparation time than did foods prepared with the microwave oven. However the majority of microwave- prepared foods required more active preparation time or the same amount of active time as foods prepared with the electric range.


This paper reports on the development of small pixel pitch infrared FPAs based on the capacitively read bimorph microcantilever sensor technology. The heat sensing bimorph microcantilever structures are fabricated directly onto the CMOS control and amplification electronics to produce a high performance, low cost imager that is compatible with standard silicon IC foundry processing and materials. Positional responsivities of greater than 0.3 μm/K have been modeled and measured for 50 μm pitch pixels, corresponding to a temperature coefficient of capacitance, &Dgr;C/C, (equivalent to TCR for microbolometers) above 30%/K. This responsivity, along with noise capacitances in the sub-attofarad range and nominal sensor capacitances of 15 fF, give modeled NEDT < 20 mK for these devices. At smaller pixel pitches, the positional responsivity decreases rapidly with feature size resulting in increased system NEDTs. Modeling the performance of microcantilever based IR sensors with innovative sensor structures and pixel pitches down to 17 μm indicates NEDTs < 20 mK and thermal time constants in the 5 msec range, are feasible with this technology. Results from detailed thermo-electro-opto-mechanical modeling of the operation of the 25 μm pitch pixels are presented.


When measuring the overall image of a city, air quality is one of the main indicators which is closely related to the quality of life. For a city, it is also a concrete manifestation of the tourist attraction ability. Air pollution in urban areas has already had an important impact on the daily lives of residents. It not only has a direct impact on human health but also affects human emotions, travel consumption, outdoor activities, and other aspects, thereby affecting economic vitality. Since air quality is a core indicator to measure the comprehensive image of a city, in order to effectively increase people's sense of experience and enhance the local tourist attraction ability, this paper studies the air pollution impact on tourist cities. When exploring the impact of Fuzhou's scenic spots and tourism frequency on air pollution, the number of scenic spots and reviews published on the Meituan software from 2018 to 2019 is selected as the research object. In the actual analysis, tourist attractions are divided into tourist attractions selected by people outside of Fuzhou and tourist attractions selected by residents. The empirical results show that the frequency of local travel will be reduced by 0.090 percentage points for every one percentage point increase in the air quality index. It can be calculated that the annual local travel due to the increase in the air quality index will reduce the number of tourist attractions in Fuzhou by approximately 2.4511 million. Every time the air index rises by 0.164 percentage points, the corresponding annual reduction in tourists is 11.733 million. Through the analysis of these 6 scenic spots, it can be concluded that whether it is scenic spots suitable for local people's tourism or scenic spots for tourists from all over the world, air pollution will reduce the frequency of scenic spots travel, which will cause urban tourism economic losses. Through the research of related theoretical data, it can be found that haze weather and air pollution have a negative impact on Fuzhou's scenic spot income and tourism growth rate. At the same time, air pollution will also affect the comfort of the city and then have a negative impact on the city's investment environment and the living environment, which will affect the city's economic development and other aspects of construction.


Phase-shifting interferometer has wide applications in many fields including the testing of optical components and optical systems.But the measurement accuracy of phase-shifting interferometry is generally limited by the environment vibration and air turbulence.It's necessary to improve the ability of vibration-insensitive for interferometric testing.The development of two methods for reducing the sensitivity of an optical testing to vibration was discussed: the active vibration-insensitive phase-shifting technology and the passive vibration-insensitive phase-shifting technology.


This paper analyses the influence of microstructural anisotropy of aprogressively drawn pearlitic steel (orientation of pearlitic lamellae in the drawingdirection) on the microscopic and macroscopic evolution of cracking paths produced byfatigue and fracture. The fatigue crack path is always contained in the transversesection of the wires, i.e., the subcritical propagation develops under a global mode I, sothat the main crack path is associated with mode I and some very local deflections takeplace to produce a roughness in the fatigue crack path depending on the drawing level.The fracture crack path evolves from a global mode I propagation following thetransverse plane in slightly drawn steels (including the hot rolled bar that is not colddrawn at all) to a global mixed-mode propagation associated with crack deflection inintermediate and heavily drawn steels (the latter with a strong mode II component), thedeviation angle being an increasing function of the drawing degree in the steel.


Symmetry restoration caused by quantum effects is non-perturbatively shown in (1 + 1) dimensions for a special model. Furthermore, we find that no symmetry restoration occurs for the same model in (2 + 1) dimensions because the vacuum is unbounded from below. Besides, the analogous investigation of a slightly different model also gives the symmetry-restoring result, which was obtained by a lattice study.


This research explores Taiwan's political geography from a viewpoint of policy preferences of the general public. By using national survey data and a simulation procedure that combines Bayesian multilevel estimations with post-stratification, we first generate public opinion measures toward an array of policy issues at the local level. We then compare issue opinion measures across counties/cities and among regions and find that there exists no significant geographical cleavage in our specific opinion measures. The regional patterns found in previous research on partisanship and vote shares do not emerge in this study. Additionally, at the local level, while ethnicity is strongly related to most of our issue opinion measures, partisanship does not seem to play a significant role in shaping policy preferences except that for economic relations with China.


The important role of solid propellants in four famous battles (Waterloo, Manila Bay, the Battle of the Bulge, and Pusan).


This paper adopts the concept of accounting ecology proposed by Gernon and Wallace (1995) in examining the accounting environment of Vietnam to identify some of the factors that might explain the lack of support for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in that country. Drawing on the literature of international accounting convergence models, the author assesses the potential impact of IFRS adoption on the quality and comparability of Vietnam reporting practices, the capital market effects and the potential costs of switching from Vietnamese General Accepted Accounting Principles (VN GAAP) to full adoption of IFRS. The paper also highlights some of the important factors that are likely to influence the progress of the implementation of IFRS in Vietnam. The paper concludes with a discussion of scenarios for future evolution of accounting standards in Vietnam in the light of the current global movement toward implementation of IFRS.


We report the influence of atomic disorder introduced by sequential neutron irradiation on the basic superconducting properties, flux pinning and grain connectivity. Two different polycrystalline Sm-1111 samples (SmFeAsO1 − xFx) and two Ba-122 single crystals (BaFe1.8Co0.2As2) were investigated. The monotonic decrease of the transition temperature with neutron fluence degrades the upper critical field, at least in the investigated temperature region. Pinning, on the other hand, is largely improved, with a different optimal defect concentration (fluence) in the two materials. The analysis of the current flow in the polycrystalline samples reveals weak link behavior in the majority of grain connections and the existence of stronger grain connections. The density of the latter seems to be close to the percolation threshold (i.e. the minimum fraction for a continuous current path). Both types of connections are sensitive to disorder and degrade upon neutron irradiation.


Background Nowadays, diverticular disease of the colon is an increasingly common diagnosis and is a leading cause of colovesical fistula. This disease causes many complications affecting quality of life even causing death. Case report We report a 42-year-old man who was successfully treated for a colovesical fistula due to diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon presenting with septic shock. Conclusions Treatment of colovesical fistula due to diverticular disease requires control of infection and surgical reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract and closure of bladder fistula.
Key words: diverticular disease, sigmoid colon, colovesical fistula


Dangerous substances are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial activities and, over the years, many workers have contracted occupational diseases through exposure to such substances. COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Essentials is published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of the UK to illustrate a step-by-step process for assessing risk and identifying control measures for hazardous substance handling. This paper examines and discusses the pros and cons of COSHH Essentials.


The idea of "public social science" has emerged in recent academic literature. Advocates describe it as a renewed scholar activism aimed at reigniting academia's social consciousness and direct engagement with pressing social issues and causes. While the authors acknowledge that gerontology already possesses an applied focus that includes concerted and practical efforts for welfare and justice, they add that any "public gerontology" would have to go one step further by engaging with issues on the international stage, and that impact significantly on the world's least advantaged peoples and places. As an illustration, they focus on the crisis of African grandmothers raising AIDS orphans. They describe the severity of the situation, the work of agencies, and some possible approaches for gerontologists in supportive activism and research. These, they contend, might also be used in other geographical and social contexts.


The hydrous ruthenium oxide has been formed by a sol-gel process. The precursor was obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of RuCl{sub 3}{center_dot}xH{sub 2}O and alkalis. The hydrous ruthenium oxide powder was obtained by annealing the precursor at low temperatures. The crystalline structure and the electrochemical properties of the powder have been studied as a function of the annealing temperature. At lower annealing temperatures the powder is in an amorphous phase with a high specific capacitance. Specific capacitance as high as 720 F/g was measured for the powder formed at 150 C. when the annealing temperature exceeded 175 C, the crystalline phase was formed, and the specific capacitance dropped rapidly. The surface area of the powder and the resistivity of the pellet made from these powders have also been studied. The specific surface area and the resistivity decreased as the annealing temperature increased. A capacitor was made with electrodes comprised of hydrous ruthenium oxide and H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte. The energy density of 96 J/g (or 26.7 Wh/kg), based on electrode material only, was measured for the cell using hydrous ruthenium oxide electrodes. It was also found that hydrous ruthenium oxide is stable in H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte.


Through precipitate circulation and aging,the yellowcake slurry in amorphous or microlite form was transformed to crystal precipitate.The principle of the process is discussed,and the influences of circulation times,sulphate concentration,circulation ratio,neutralizer adding mode and some other factors on yellowcake precipitation were tested.The laboratory and pilot test results show this process can significantly improve the precipitate's settling,washing and filtration properties and the product quality,and reduce the consumption of neutralizer.


In this paper, some shape based features like area, perimeter, roundness, standard deviation etc. are used to recognize different types of white blood cells like monocyte, lymphocytes, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophils etc. Using image processing techniques, result can be obtained within 34 minute. To perform shape base features operation, contrast of RGB image has to be increased for better detection of white cells. After recognition of each and every cell, classification is performed to detect either it is CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia) or CLL (chronic Lymphocytic leukemia). This algorithm is performed on 30 images. Out of 30, it is successful on 28 images. So it gives accuracy of 93.33%.


This paper introduces the method adopted to organize the database by using many kinds of data and the software adopted to manage these data in geographic information system for overhead transmission line.


Across the world, multiple democracies have recently experienced an erosion of their democratic institutions. To date, however, we lack a shared understanding of the concept of "democratic backsliding" in theory and practice. While the term is ubiquitous in scholarly work and public discourse, how backsliding is conceptualized and measured varies widely. This paper provides a framework to distinguish between processes of backsliding across three arenas of democratic politics derived from foundational goals of democratic governance: freedom of choice, freedom from tyranny, and equality in freedom. We illustrate the usefulness of this framework with application to contemporary cases of democratic decline in the United States, Hungary, and Mexico. Overall, we argue that a common conceptual understanding of backsliding is critical to building cumulative knowledge about its causes and consequences. Our framework enables scholars to identify and explain cases of democratic backsliding in a systematic and explicitly comparative way.


High-capacity, long-distance transmission has become the development trend of power grid in China, and the DC transmission technologies hold the extremely important status in the high-capacity, long-distance transmission. The paper analyses the effect of grid structure on the capacity-grouping of the reactive power compensation, based on the project of an HVDC interconnection project between Qinghai and Tibet.


In this research, a hybrid optimization approach is proposed for the determination of the optimal process parameters that maximizes the material removal rate, minimize surface roughness & the tool wear rate. Three input parameters namely pulse current (Ip), pulse duration (Ton) & pulse off time (Toff) of electrical discharge machining were considered for this analysis. The experiments were planned as per response surface methodology and subsequently gray relational analysis has been used to optimize the aforesaid response and finally the weight of the responses was determined by the entropy measurement method. Analysis of variance is used to find the effect of input parameters on the responses and found that Ton was the most influencing parameter followed by Ip and Toff in EDM of D2 steel. The R2 value for the grey relational grade model was 0.919. These results provide useful information about how to control the responses and ensure higher productivity, high-accuracy and higher surfaces-quality surfaces. This method is simple with easy operability. The assessment outcome provides a scientific reference to obtain the minimal condition of surface integrity, and they were found to be a pulse current of 5A, pulse duration of 60 μs, and pause time of 45 μs.


A rapid remanufacturing and shaping system is established,which consists of scanning reverse subsystem,robot subsystem and welding shaping subsystem.This system can get the remanufacturing model of the worn parts by using the scanning reverse method,and do the path planning compared with welding parameter,finally the robot can do the repairing with the welding torch.


In this paper, we attempt to identify parameters of the system by using an image processing method. The parameter identification is one of the inverse problems and sensibly on noise. High accuracy of parameter identification needs high accuracy of measurement. Though the image processing method has good features, i.e., non-contact method, high flexibility of setting and so on, many researchers paid little attention on this method because of its low accuracy. In this paper, we examined the approach that made up for defect of image sensing to carry out identification of parameters in case of a non uniform beam.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that affects the knee joint in particular. Exercises, pulsed ultrasound therapy, and pulsed electromagnetic fields are all useful in treating patients with knee OA, however there is controversy in the research about which is more effective in treating patients with knee OA. Purpose: to see if adding PEMF to PUST will help reduce pain, improve function, and increase knee (ROM) in those with knee OA. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients, 45–55 years old, from both genders, had moderate unilateral knee OA. The VAS was used to measure pain, the WOMAC Index was used to assess health status and health outcomes for knee OA patients, the Timed Up and Go test and the 10 meter walk test were used to assess patients' functional mobility, and the Electronic Goniometer was used to examine knee joint ROM. They were put into one of four groups: 1, 2, 3, or 4. PUST plus exercise therapy was given to group (1), PEMF plus exercise treatment was given to group (2), PEMF, PUST plus exercise treatment was given to group (3), and sham PEMF, sham PUST plus exercise treatment was given to group (4).


The aim of this article is to present a communitarian understanding of the concept of civil society. The analysis of two traditions of civil society: an individualistic and a communal one, shows that within those traditions certain difficulties and tensions appear. Therefore, communitarian understanding of civil society, having an intermediate character and combining elements of both approaches seems to be a solution for those problems. The communitarian notions of individual and community will be discussed, providing the basis for the idea of civil society. After the general analysis of this idea, two exemplary spheres of civil society, namely: non-governmental sector and economy, as well as the relations between state and civil society will he described. In each of those aspects, communitarian concepts will be placed between liberal and conservative/social-democratic notions, revealing their "in-between" character.


This paper discusses the possibility of synthesizing zinc oxide based materials with a nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic. We obtained 3 samples using the plasma dynamic synthesis method: pure zinc oxide, Zn-Bi-O system and Zn-Bi-Ni-Sb-Co-Al-O system. It turned out that the structure of the samples obtained by the method of spark plasma sintering is improved due to the use of plasma dynamic synthesis products. The experimental results provide a sufficient basis for future studies to investigate the effect of different additives on the electrical properties of ceramics.


An exact expression is presented for the geodetic precessional frequency of a gyroscope in an equatorial circular orbit in the field of a quadrupole.


who are biologically related to the recipients has nearly doubled, and the number of living unrelated kidney donors increased nearly 15-fold. New evidence suggests that familial emotional disequilibria occur during living related and unrelated organ donation. Because the attitudes of donor family members, especially spouses, may affect the decision to donate and the satisfaction with recovery from donation surgery, it is critical to know how the spouses of living kidney donors view kidney donation. This knowledge may be instrumental in promoting family harmony and donor recovery and wellness. The purpose of this review of the literature is to (1) discuss the spousal role when confronted with a partner's illness; (2) explore the current research describing the spouses of patients with heart disease or cancer, various transplant recipients, and living organ donors; and (3) identify the need for future research to explore the experiences and needs of the spouses of living kidney organ donors.


The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to a mannerism, by no means peculiar to Roman literature but especially well developed in Roman literature, whereby alluding poets go out of their way to draw attention to the fact that they are alluding, and to reflect upon the nature of their allusive activity.1 Certain allusions are so constructed as to carry a kind of built-in com mentary, a kind of reflexive annotation, which underlines or inten sifies their demand to be interpreted as allusions. In its most basic form, the mannerism corresponds to the phenomenon which David Ross has labelled the 'Alexandrian footnote':2 viz the signalling of specific allusion by a poet through seemingly general appeals to tradition and report, such as 'the story goes' (fama est), 'they relate' (ferunt), or 'it is said' (dicitur). Consider, for example, the first lines of Catullus 64, on the departure of the Argo:


Full Stokes spectropolarimetric data (in the 10830 A region) of an active region filament were obtained in July 2005 using the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter instrument. The polarization profiles in the filament show Zeeman-like signatures. Milne-Eddington inversions were performed to infer the chromospheric magnetic field, inclination, azimuth, velocity and Doppler width from the He I 10830 A multiplet. Field strengths of the order of 600-800 G were found in the filament. Strong transverse fields at chromospheric levels were detected near the polarity inversion line. To our knowledge, these are the highest field strengths reliably measured in these structures. Our findings suggest the possible presence of a flux rope.


In this work we focus on power-aware solutions for the issue queue in an out-of-order superscalar processor We propose two different schemes. Our first approach partitions the issue queue into FIFOs such that only the instructions at the head of each FIFO may request to issue. We then dynamically monitor the FIFO usage and disable FIFOs that are not being efficiently used. In our second approach we also use a FIFO scheme, but dynamically vary the number and size of each FIFO simultaneously while at the same time keeping the total number of issue queue entries constant. We analyze both approaches and compare them in terms of the performance and power reduction. We find that although the first scheme of completely disabling issue queue entries is more straight-forward to implement, it may not be the best option, particularly for floating point applications. Our best experimental result shows an average power saving of 27.3% in the issue queue with a performance degradation of only 2.7%.


Abstract
 This chapter introduces a documentary on Landsmót, the National Championships of the Icelandic Horse. The film runs for around five minutes and is provided as supplementary material with this volume.


Contents: Preface Introduction Population: from low to high politics in the 20th century Population and family planning in Islamic jurisprudence Islam and fertility: 20th century myths and realities Islam, politics and population: the Iranian debate from 1953a "1989 Islam, population, sustainability and security: the Iranian debate from 1989a "2006 Islam, politics and population: debate in Pakistan 1947a "1988 Islam, population, sustainability and security: the Pakistan debate 1988a "2006 Conclusion Bibliography Index.


The aircraft identification systems conventionally use six-component balance to test aircraft dynamics in aeronautics experiments. However, regular strain gauge balance cannot be used in identifying the VSTOL (vertical & short takeoff and landing) aircraft hovering and transition regimes dynamics, since its installation positions under the airframe affect the lift fans flowing. In paper we design an identification system, which applied to VSTOL aircraft. The system consists of wires suspension balance, force sensors, flight control system and data collection software. This paper first describes each part of this model identification system specifically. Discussion of this system applied to a model VSTOL aircraft identification and ground effect testing follows.


A morphological study of sex, age and population variation of Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758) and Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777) was completed, using a collection of 236 and 47 skulls, respectively. Twenty-three measurements were take on each specimen. Three age groups (juveniles, subadults and adults) were recognized, based on relative criteria such as suture obliteration, tooth wear, and development of crista sagittalis. Univariate and multivariate technigues were used to process the data.


We demonstrate the formation of high aspect ratio nano-trenches in ultrafast laser-illuminated semiconductor meta-atoms enabled by photoinduced free-carrier generation inside localized hot spots.


Research in wine tourism highlights synergies between wine and gastronomy as a marketing strategy for the territory. However, how enogastronomic tourism materializes shows different characteristics according to contextual factors. This article aims to problematize enogastronomic tourism
 from the perspective of its territorial, economic, and sociocultural impacts in rural areas through an inductive method. For this, a comparative case study was carried out between two oenological regions of Mexico and Spain, where tourism associated with wine and local gastronomy is one of
 the most important economic activities. In both cases, the results show the existence of two different models of food and wine tourism that are related to contextual factors such as the economic, historical, and cultural conditions of the regions studied, the specific demands of leisure tourism
 in late capitalism, socioeconomic relations between wine and gastronomy, and cooperation among stakeholders. The results obtained allow discussing the different paths of enogastronomic tourism in the regions of the new and the old world of wine as expressions of territorial innovation or historical
 continuity, which serve as support to build the specificity of the wine routes concerning the characteristics from different contexts.


In the early 1980s, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved replacement of the Old Jamestown Bridge, built in 1940, which had weathered the storms of Narragansett Bay for 66 years while carrying Route 138 over the west passage of the Bay to link Jamestown and North Kingstown. Although construction of the new Jamestown-Verrazzano Bridge was completed in 1992, the Old Jamestown Bridge was not removed until 14 years later. During the intervening years, removal of the old bridge remained a condition of the permit granted by the U.S. Coast Guard for construction of the new structure. In 2003, the Coast Guard ordered RIDOT to remove the old bridge due to safety concerns. Because removal of the old span remained a commitment under the environmental impact statement for the new bridge, RIDOT was legally obligated to proceed. This article describes how, in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act, RIDOT dealt with the environmental impacts of removing the old span and how it identified and evaluated alternatives for the ultimate disposition of the old bridge materials. Ultimately, the debris from the old bridge will be reused to create fish habitats.


The need for common standards in the field of proteomics, to allow the transfer and public domain deposition of proteomic data, is now widely recognized. The Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) sponsored by the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) has been actively developing such standards, which are now entering the implementation stage and are being adopted by data users, data producers (both hardware and software manufacturers) and bench scientists. The PSI has already published XML data interchange standards in the field of molecular interactions (PSI-MI), and a stable XML schema has now been established to handle mass spectrometry (MS) data (mzData). During the course of the Spring HUPO-PSI Workshop, these existing standards were significantly advanced whilst progress was also made in an exchange format to enable transfer of MS analytical data (mzIdent) and gel electrophoresis (GE) data. These activities are a part of the encompassing General Proteomics Standard (GPS), which is now producing a working object model (PSI-OM) and producing ontologies, which, in many cases, will be shared by many applications and have wider usage than the field of proteomics alone. The University of Siena and the Italian Human Proteomics Organization hosted the Second HUPO-PSI workshop in April 2005. The theme of this workshop was very much that of advancing the current standards to increase flexibility whilst maintaining stability and, at the same time, pushing forward the newer areas to ensure that these standards enter the implementation phase as quickly as possible. Similar to previous workshops [1], parallel sessions worked on the established areas of molecular interactions (MI) and MS whilst the GPS group tackled both the Minimal Information About a Proteomics Experiment (MIAPE) documentation and initiated a new track with discussions on the establishment of XML standards to capture and transfer GE. The three groups shared a common session where the establishment of a single ontology to describe protein modifications was discussed; previous meetings with the US National Instititutes of Health (NIH) had identified this as a shared requirement across the entire field of proteomics.


Results are given of measurements of the Cs137 activity in the human body, milk, and air over a two-year period. They show that after a continuing decrease in activity since 1959, the levels of Cs137 in the biosphere have taken a sharp rise since the fall of 1961. The latest figure for the Cs137 burden in man is 10−2 μc, one three-thousandths of the occupational maximum permissible burden.


The three major categories of negative markers found in Southern Levantine, Gulf and Standard Arabic are single negation, bipartite negation and enclitic negation. This chapter introduces these three categories in a descriptive manner, making minimal theoretical reference only when necessary. The distinctions made between these categories are relevant to the organization of the book and its discussion of empirical and theoretical issues. Contrasts in the distribution of these negative markers among the three varieties of Arabic under investigation in this book clearly show that negation in Arabic can occupy various syntactic positions, but that there are word order restrictions that regulate these occurrences. The chapter also introduces the Jespersen Cycle of negation in Arabic.


Higher education for women in China face new opportunities and challenges: the international women's situation provides a broad prospect for it;the feminist movement provides the possibility of development of higher education for women;the development of higher education provides a good opportunity for it.There is the existence of gender inequality in the field of higher education: women in the field of higher education is a proportion of the field of high-level,female scientific and technical personnel is less proportion,women have won less the National Social Science Fund,the awareness of teachers in the teaching process is weak,to participate in the process of teaching gender awareness is not strong,boys and girls in a gender perspective is not strong,professional men and women selecting is a big difference.We should actively explore women's education and development,so that equality between men and women in political,economic,cultural,social and family life further.


Ozonolysis reactions of cyclic olefins 1a-c and norbomene In in the presence of trifluoroactophenone 6 provided the corresponding cross-ozonides 7a-c and 7n. Further reactions of ozonides 7a-c and 7n with the independently prepared carbonyl oxide 11 gave diozonides of structure l0a-c and 10n. The ozonolysis of 1methylcyclopentene 12a and 1-methylcyclohexene 12b in the presence of trifluoroactophenone 6 provided exclusively ozonide 15 and 16 derived from capture of carbonyl oxide 13. All of the new ozonides have been isolated as pure substances and characterized by their 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra.


In the meristernatic root cells of alfalfa seedlings exposed to -1, 5°C, new spherosomes, 0, 1-0, 4μm in diameter, are observed each one within the terminal end of an endoplasmic reticulum (RE) segment. A two-unit membrane envelope surround these new organelles and the external membrane of their envelope is continuous with the RE. Those new spherosomes are filled with an osmiophilic and electron dense material. This osmiophilic material within the new sphero-somes is insoluble in petroleum ether, a solvent of neutral lipid, and soluble in ethylic ether: ethanol, 2: 1, a solvent of polar lipids.


Transfer chutes are used in bulk solids handling systems to facilitate material transfer. For example, capturing and re-directing the flow of bulk material from one conveyor belt to another, or accelerating the bulk material from a slow moving belt or apron feeder onto a conveyor. Although the transfer chute itself may appear to be only a small or low-cost part of the equipment train, it can easily become a costly bottleneck and maintenance nightmare. In this study, a stacker chute in a stacker reclaimer for Guinea Bauxite Export Project has been modelled using Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) and scale modelling. Based on the parameters used in the analysis, the results show the stacker chute would operate at the throughput of 7500 tph without any material choking or blockage. Investigations into the material flow onto the boom belt indicated that it would be expected to be loaded in a central manner. The scale modelling results of flow modes and burden profile on boom belt compared well with DEM simulation.


Objective
To explore the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge and attitude, and its influences on protective behavior among clinical nurses so as to provide a reference for developing effective intervention strategy.

Methods
Cross-sectional investigation was used to hospital-wide nurses selected by convenience sampling in February 2020 through sending a link of Wenjuanxing to work WeChat group of Nursing Department of Beijing Hospital and to circle of friends. Clinical nurses met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to fill in the questionnaire. The self-designed COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire was used to the investigation.

Results
Among 750 clinical nurses, the self-assessment of COVID-19 related knowledge was≥7, with 70.04% for the average percentage. There were 91.6% of nurses with the confidence to fight with epidemic situation. After COVID-19 broke out, 94.1% of nurses strictly carried out the hand hygiene. Behavior changes in "wearing gloves when potentially contacting bloods, body fluids, secretions and excreta" , "wearing goggles and protective clothing when bloods, body fluids, secretions and excreta potentially splashing" accounted for 89.2%, 81.5% and 71.6% respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that COVID-19 related knowledge of 750 nurses had no correlations with three dimensions "worrying about infecting COVID-19" , "effectiveness of standard precaution" and "influencing factors of taking standard precaution" of attitude with no statistical differences (r=-0.053, 0.036,0.014;P>0.05).Variance analysis results showed that COVID-19 related knowledge had an influence on "views on COVID-19" , and had no influence on hand hygiene with no statistical difference (P>0.05), and had influences on "wearing gloves when potentially contacting bloods, body fluids, secretions and excreta" , "wearing goggles and protective clothing when bloods, body fluids, secretions and excreta potentially splashing" with statistical differences (P 0.05).

Conclusions
COVID-19 related knowledge of clinical nurses need to be improved and protective behavior should be changed further.

Key words:
Nurses; COVID-19; Knowledge; Attitude; Behavior


Flooding, erosion, and increases in the water level in Lake Superior have contributed to changes in the stem location and width of the Grand Portage Creek. Those events threaten parts of the Grand Portage National Monument, a historically significant site on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota. We performed geophysical surveys to investigate these dynamic effects. We studied the near‐surface geological deposits, the mechanisms associated with creek stem dynamics, and sediment transport and deposition along the lakeshore in Grand Portage Bay. We deployed Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Sub Bottom Profiler (SBP), Side Scan Sonar (SSS), Geoprobe coring, and Van Veen Grab samplers and evaluated time‐lapse satellite images to assess the interaction of the Grand Portage Creek with the Grand Portage Bay. The onshore GPR surveys next to the national monument, the creek, and the shoreline showed the presence of a complex deposition with eroded ground surfaces and sediment layers across the creek valley. Results from the offshore geophysical campaigns and the interpretations of satellite images also document a heterogeneous deposition sequence environment with fine‐grained sediment deposits present south and southwest of the creek mouth. In addition, we documented an exposed boulder bed toward the east of the creek mouth that was exposed by the current and wave‐driven erosion process in the Grand Portage Bay. Time‐lapse satellite images and hydraulic current velocity simulations validate these observations and provide insight into how anthropogenic activities and natural events interact and might contribute to the long‐term stability of a site of historical and cultural importance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


Abstract This case report documents the successful surgical repair of an aorto-bronchial fistula and a giant aortic pseudoaneurysm at the proximal anastomosis of a dacron interposition tube graft that was balloon dilated for recurrent coarctation. Balloon dilation for recoarctation of a dacron interposition tube graft may lead to serious complications.


Na0.7CoO2 and Na0.7Co1-xFexO2(x=0.03,0.07,0.10) were synthesized by solid state reaction method.The X-ray diffractometry(XRD) results showed that Fe could be partially substituted for Co in the Na0.7CoO2 lattice.The lattice parameter c increased with doping Fe.The electric property test showed that the electrical conductivity,σ,obviously decreased for the reason of Fe substitution.The Seebeck coefficient,α,increased with doping Fe,which can be attributed to the increase of the specific heat,Ce.The degree of the increase of Seebeck coefficient was less than that of the decrease of the electrical conductivity,so that,Fe doping led to a decrease in the power factor,α2σ.


This study conducted a higher-order thinking approach in the L2 classroom and examined students' attitudes towards and perceptions of learning with high cognitive thinking. Teaching higher-order thinking is essential for learning and teachers are encouraged by education authorities to integrate high cognitive thinking into teaching. Yet, little is known about the extent to which students who are used to learning with lower-order thinking skills like reciting and comprehension in the L2 classroom can adapt to learning using higher-order thinking. This paper addresses this issue by exploring students' attitudes towards and perceptions of the importance of thinking in L2 learning and how it impacts on learning through the analysis of data collected from a case study design, including 40 self-completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 16 students. This study shows that three-quarters of the students hold positive attitudes towards learning using higher-order thinking, and such learning facilitated their learning performance and learning behavior, while one quarter resisted. The findings of the study reflect on teaching higher-order thinking, and provide recommendations for integrating thinking skills into L2 teaching.


We explore women's health in midlife and later life at the nexus of structural sexism and the life course perspective, applying Dannefer's (2018) concept of life course reflexivity, which emphasizes social dynamism with potential health-changing 'input' at all ages. We present three types of reflexive changes in the gendered life course that shape women's health as they age: (1) trajectories of lifetime labor market disadvantage leading to limited health-protective resources in later life; (2) turning points in family structure and need, with draining caregiving demands; (3) interruptions in midlife, such as divorce, erasing the social and economic benefits of marriage. We provide support for critical arguments that theoretical work on the life course has too-often utilized the 'privileged' or the 'male' life course with insufficient attention to structural sexism as a fundamental cause of women's health disparities in later life.


The paper analyzes and describes the current panorama of the national industries, in relation to the problems that presents when incorporating new technologies to develop new products. For this reason, rapid prototyping technologies are described as fundamental tools for industries at a global level, since they are considered the driving forces of the "third industrial revolution". In this context, the existing methodologies are analyzed and the virtues that result from their application are investigated. Integration scenarios are studied in the Argentine SMEs that have a greater innovative potential; however, during the research process it was also concluded on the importance of deepening the study of theories related to public and private management policies in relation to sciences, technologies and innovation.


Among the newer memory elements, plated wire has been shown to be a serious contender for aerospace and central store applications. This paper describes a memory development project, sponsored by the Rome Air Development Center, to extend the application of plated wire into the area of mass storage.


In this study, the performance of different refrigerants (with low GWP value) depending on thermophysical properties in the cooling system was evaluated. The cooling capacities of R134a, R445a, R515a, R456a, ND, and R516a refrigerants used in the cooling system are determined per unit refrigerant. If the compressor speed values and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor are constant, the results of the effects of the refrigerants in the cooling system are compared with each other. When the system is operated with R445a, the highest COP value is obtained when the volumetric efficiency value is 0.7. The R515a provided the closest COP value to R134a when the compressor speed was 1750 rpm and the 98% coefficient of performance value was similar. When the refrigerants considered are evaluated together, it was determined that R445a provides the best values according to R134a and has an average cooling capacity of approximately 12% is higher.


Several new nuclides were produced in the internal target of the INS cyclotron from the fast neutron bombardments of Ge, Mo, Gd, Er, Yb and Hf. Their radiation characteristics were determined with the aid of beta and gamma ray scintillation spectrometers. The new activities observed are as follows:


Marine National Park and Sanctuary (collectively designated as Marine Protected Area or MPA) in the Gulf of Kachchh in Gujarat State has coral reefs, mangroves, sea-grass beds, mudflats, network of creeks and other ecosystems which supports rich marine life, including sea mammals. Although a total of 13 sea mammals have been recorded, only small mammals like dolphins, porpoise and dugong visit shallow water areas of the MPA during high tides to collect food. In this study, three marine mammals-common dolphin (Delphinus delphinus), porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and dugong (Dugon dugon) were counted. Common dolphin has relatively good population in the western part of the MPA but other two species-porpoise and dugong are very rare. The study reveals that about one third of the total area of the MPA in this zone support about 80% of the marine mammals which visit the area during high-tides. Unlike central and eastern zones, the western zone is relatively free from developmental activities like ports, jetties, petroleum industries and other human activities. Thus, this part of the MPA is key habitat for dwindling population of the marine mammals.


Digital maps of vegetation species distribution of Loess Plateau based on GIS were used combining the data of meteorological factors from standard meteorological stations of Loess Plateau to analyze the responses of vegetation variation and spatial distribution to meteorological factor variation.The results showed that from southeast to northwest,the annual precipitation and monthly average of maximum and minimum temperature dropped off.While the annual average temperature,annual sunshine duration,annual maximum evapotranspiration and average wind speed gradually increased.The vegetation distribution changed from wet forests,semi-wet forests or semiarid forests-steppe in southeast to light or heavy semiarid temperature steppe or arid desert-semi desert in northwest.


This paper proposes an improved numerical methodology for faster than real time (FTRT) power system dynamic simulation. It is implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU) with parallel programming, and can handle large-scale power systems. In power system dynamic simulation, the biggest challenge for FTRT simulation is the matrix solver for the network equation. State of the art using the analog approach or parallel high-performance computing (HPC) can barely meet the real-time requirement on a system with approximately 10,000 buses and 2,000 generator-buses. We use the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula to Gauss Block Elimination to take advantage of the low-rank change in the admittance matrix while lowering the computational dimension. With the proposed numerical methodology, we implemented the dynamic simulation on GPUs with classical generator models. To validate its FTRT capability of our methodology, we demonstrate this with the example of Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) systems with over 20,000 buses and over 2,000 generator-buses being simulated, which is very capable of running over four times faster than real-time. The promising results exhibit outstanding scalable FTRT performance.


Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency and requires urgent medical attention. There was a relative upsurge in 2020. Diagnosis is usually based on typical history and examination findings suggestive of penile fracture. The objective of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical presentation and management of fracture of the penis. Methods: All patients who presented at the accident and emergency in 2020 with penile fracture were studied. The patients age, time to presentation, mechanism of injury, clinical features (cracking sound, pain, immediate detumescence, penile swelling, urethral bleeding and acute urinary retention) were recorded. Intraoperative findings (location of corpora rupture, length of tear and urethral rupture) were recorded and analysed. Results: Twelve patients were studied. The mean age was 34.8 years, range (20 years to 56 years). 58.3% presented within 24 hours of trauma. The commonest mechanism of penile fracture was sexual intercourse with the woman on top position (58%). 75% of the patients heard a popping sound. All patients had pain, detumescence and penile swelling (N=12) 100%. Two patients had urethral bleeding (N=2) 16.7%, with one having associated urethral rupture (N=1) 8.3%. Two patients had acute urinary retention (16.7%). Rupture of the right corpora occurred in 50%, 8.3% had bilateral rupture of the corpora. All the patients had repair of the corporal rupture. Urethral injury was repaired primarily. Erection and voiding post-repair were satisfactory. Conclusions: Fracture of the penis is a urological emergency. Diagnosis can be made based on typical history and examination findings. Prompt surgical intervention is advised to avoid complications and erectile dysfunction.


The Platonic origin of certain ideas in the seventh and eighth hooks of Paradise Lost has been ignored by Milton's critics. In Raphael's account of creation (Bk. VII, ll. 621-622), speaking of the stars, he calls them Numerous, and every star perhaps a world Of destined habitation … And again (Bk. VIII, ll. 148-152) : … and other suns perhaps With their attendant moons thou wilt descry Communicating male and female light, Which two great sexes animate the world, Stored in each orb, perhaps with some that live.


Summary Guinea pigs were found to show a tolerance to delvinal sodium [5-ethyl-5-(l-methyl-1-butenyl) barbituric acid] on repeated administration of large doses of the drug. The average length of sleep dropped from 127.3 to 48.2 minutes following 8 semi-weekly injections of the drug, while the average length of hypnosis dropped from 191.9 to 104.1 minutes. The average weight of the guinea pigs increased from 250 to 380 g, which was more than a 50% increase in weight.


Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) processes are responsible for the operations taking place in the back stage of a data warehouse architecture. In a high level description of an ETL process, Initially the data is extracted from the source data stores that can be On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) or legacy systems files under any format, web pages. various kinds of documents (e.g., spreadsheets and text documents) or even data coming in a streaming fashion. Typically, only the data that are different from the previous execution of an ETL process (newly inserted, updated, and deleted information) should be extracted from the sources. After this phase, the extracted data are propagated to a special purpose area of the warehouse, called the Data Staging Area (DSA), where their transformation, homogenization and cleaning take place. The most frequently used transformations include filters and checks to ensure that the data propagated to the warehouse respect business rules and integrity constraints, as well as schema transformations that ensure that data fit the target data warehouse schema. Finally, the data are loaded to the central data warehouse (D W) and all its counterparts (e.g., data marts and views). In a traditional data warehousing setting, the ETL process periodically refreshes the data warehouse during idle or low-load, periods of its operation (e.g., every night) and has a specific timewindow to complete. Now a days, Business necessities and demands require near real time data warehouse refreshment and significant attention is drawn to this kind of technological advancement.


Water content of a packed bed of particles dewatered by a centrifuge and filter is significantly influenced by the drain height of the packed bed. Drain height is used to be measured by Haines apparatus in a gravitational field. However, the measurement of drain height for fine particles less than 50μm diameter is difficult because their drain heights are generally more than a few meters. Therefore, measurement of the drain height of fine particles in a centrifugal force field was investigated.Experimental work on glass spheres and calcium carbonate powder was carried out using a vertical-axis centrifuge and acrylic dewatering tube. The residual equilibrium saturation of the packed bed from 1 to 4cm high was measured under the centrifugal force ranging from 100 to 4, 500 G. The drain height in a centrifugal force field was obtained from analysis of the curve of saturation of the packed bed plotted against the centrifugal force. The values of drain constant obtained by this method agreed with those calculated from the data based on the Haines apparatus in a gravitational field. It is suggested that this method can be applied to measure the drain height of fine particles less than 50μm diameter with a small amount of sample and in a few hours.


Photolysis of 1 4 C-BAS 654 H (pyridine and phenyl labels) was conducted in aqueous buffers of pH 5, 7 and 9 at 22 ′ 1° C under sterile conditions using artificial sun light source. BAS 654 H degraded photolytically to a number of products as shown in Scheme 3. Identity of the photo degradation products was established employing HPLC co-chromatography with reference standards and/or spectral data (MS and 1 H-NMR).


The auditory brain stem response (ABR) is a composite of several sequential fast wavelets and a positive slow wave. Relationships between both of each component and cochlear function are not completely clearified.There have been two principal suggestions for specific origin of the click response. One view is that most parts of the cochlea are important for generation of the evoked response. The other view is that evoked response reflects mainly the activity of the most basal part of the cochlea. So, thresholds and waveforms of the ABRs evoked by clicks were examined in hearing-impaired subjects.The results were as follows.1) The threshold of the click evoked ABR reflected the cochlear function of the most sensitive area from 1kHz to 8kHz.2) The fast waves were evoked only in the limited part of the cochlea covering high frequencies, whereas, the positive slow wave was evoked in the more expanded part of the cochlea covering both low and high frequencies.


In a study on benomyl-soil microflora interactions in a simulated oxidized zone of a flooded soil, applications of 5000 ppm of benomyl together with ammonium sulfate increased bacterial numbers in an alluvial soil. Nitrite was produced from ammonium in benomyl-amended soil, though in small amounts which disappeared later. Oxidation of nitrite to nitrate was not evident. No nitrite was detected in unamended soil. Also, the predominant bacterium, isolated from benomyl-amended soil and identified as Pseudomonas sp., oxidized the ammonium to nitrite in a medium containing glucose. Moreover, oxidation of ammonium to nitrite occurred in benomyl-amended soil as well as in bacterial cultures even in the presence of N-serve or AM at concentrations known to inhibit autotrophic nitrification. At the same time, benomyl even at the 100 ppm level inhibited nitrification by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.


The consequences of merger are analyzed in an N-firm model of spatial price discrimination. The merger occurs with known probability after location decisions have been made. The possibility of merger alters locations, generates inefficiency, and increases the profit of the merging firms. In the case of corner mergers, but never in the case of interior mergers, the possibility of merger may also reduce the profit of the excluded firms.


Obesity, central fat distribution, altered glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension cluster together to a variable extent presumably because of the common pathogenetic denominator represented by insulin resistance. This cluster has been named insulin resistance syndrome, or dysmetabolic syndrome X, or metabolic syndrome, and possibly is involved in the etiology and/or pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, as also demonstrated by epidemiological studies in which hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are independent indicators/predictors of cardiovascular disease. This relationship may be explained by the presence of a common antecedent ("common soil" hypothesis), causing both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, or by a direct causal role of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia in atherogenesis ("insulin-resistance-dependent atherosclerosis" hypothesis). At the molecular level, the common soil hypothesis may find its counterpart in the I-κB-kinase-mediated activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB raised by the common soil hypothesis and by the insulin-resistance-dependent atherosclerosis hypothesis remains unsolved, largely because it may be inherently difficult to gauge the biological link(s) between one "complex" phenotype (the insulin resistance syndrome) and another "hypercomplex" phenotype (the atherosclerotic plaque).

Keywords:

insulin;
insulin resistance;
dysmetabolic syndrome X;
"common soil";
"thrifty genotype/phenotype";
endothelium;
IRS-1;
MAP kinase;
PI3 kinase;
I-κB kinase;
NF-κB;
vascular remodeling;
atherosclerosis


The common practice in industrial hygiene is to use high momentum (dilution) ventilation. Increasingly, low momentum (displacement) ventilation, which ideally supplies fresh air that displaces the contaminated air without mixing, is being introduced. By means of an intervention study the relative performance of the two principles of design was evaluated using signal-response tracer gas technique


The collaborative research centre SFB 561 "Thermal highresistant open-pore and cooled multilayer systems f or hybrid power stations" is aimed at enhancing the total eff ici ncy of hybrid power stations from the current level of 58% to approx. 65%. This requires the realization of turbine enter i g temperatures of 1,400°C (ISO) in a gas turbine, and involves bot h the investigation of new materials and production proce sses as well as new kind of layered components for transpiration co oling. A main focus in foundry technology is the manufacture of c mponents from highly temperature-resistant NiAl and NiAl com posites. The development of a casting technology for technic ally interesting NiAl-alloys is part of the Foundry-Inst itu e subproject "Casting Technology". Its aim is the development of a scientific and technological basis for the manufacture of effu sion-cooled gas turbine blades. Due to their high melting temperatu res of approximately 1,640°C, their high thermal conductiv ity and high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, NiAl -alloys are well suited as a substitute for superalloys, amongst oth ers, in combustion chamber linings and turbine blades.


Through field visits,the typical interviews,questionnaires,Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang residents study of public health Current Situation and Countermeasures three provinces in Northeast China aims to provide a basis scientific guidance method for public health of residents.The results show that: aim at the elderly fitness Current Situation to find suitable geographical features of northeast China,forming a local characteristics of scientific Projects and methods universal characteristics and differences,and make sustainable development measures.


Abstract The development of globalization processes in the world economy allows reconciling supply and demand for staff regardless of the employee's country of origin and leads to international labor migration. The experience of highly developed countries shows that a country's economy and its subsequent growth largely depend on the effective recruitment and use of skilled labor. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic restriction on population mobility and, consequently, worsened the economic and social situations in countries where labor migration was a widespread phenomenon. The ensuing economic crisis has not only altered trends in labor migration but has also brought new challenges to its legal regulation. The article aims to determine the features of migration trends and policy in the COVID-19 environment, examine them in the context of new regulations adopted to protect the labor rights of migrants under the current circumstances, suggest effective measures to regulate the situation in the labor market, and address the economic crises in the countries of destination and origin. The examination of this issue involved a complex methodological framework where the general scientific dialectical method was central to the research. The conducted research provides a foundation for overcoming the social and economic crises caused by COVID-19, which contributes to its practical significance.


The "Falang Formation" of western Guizhou was previously called the "Halobia Bed" and considered to beLadinian in age. It was subdivided upward into the Zhuganpo, Laishike and Longchang members based on ammonites andthe Trachyceras multitubertulatum Zone of the Longchang Member was put in the Lower Carnian. Here in the presentpaper, 4 genera and 9 species of ammonites and 1 nautiloid genus and species collected from the upper part of the "FalangFormation" (i.e. the Wayao Formation used in this paper, equivalent to the Laishike Member from Guanling and Zhenfengcounties are described. The geological and geographical distribution of these cephalopods, as well as the co-existingconodonts, put the Wayao Formation to the late early Carnian.


This paper discusses the image brightness enhancement of the visible and infrared image using Genetic Algorithm. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm has been investigated for the enhancement of the brightness of the images. The algorithm was effective as the brightness of the images got enhanced with the successive iterations. Keywords— Digital image processing; DNA; genetic algorithm; mutation; enhancement.


Let $A$ be a real $n\times n$ matrix and $z,b\in \mathbb R^n$. The piecewise linear equation system $z-A\vert z\vert = b$ is called an absolute value equation. It is equivalent to the general linear complementarity problem, and thus NP hard in general. Concerning the latter problem, three solvers are presented: One direct, one semi-iterative and one discrete variant of damped Newton. Their previously proved ranges of correctness and convergence, respectively, are extended. Their performance is compared on instances of the XOR separation problem for support vector machines which can be reformulated as an absolute value equation.


The corruption in Indonesia has been spread-out badly and systematically causing great financial loss and furthermore, the violation of social and economic rights. Therefore it is classified as a special crime, that should be wiped out in special way too. The Corruption Watch Committee is an independent organization, working based on KUHAR except ps. 7. The investigation conducted according to ps. 45 to ps. 50 UU No. 2001 of Corruption Watch Committee.


In marine transportation, many ships are equipped with AIS devices. The AIS data sent by AIS devices can help the maritime authorities and other ships obtain the navigation condition of the ship, thereby ensuring the safety of ships during navigation. However, when a ship is involved in illegal activities, the crew may close the AIS device or tamper with Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) in the AIS data. To detect these two kinds of behaviors, this paper designs the AIS closing detection algorithm and MMSI spoofing detection algorithm based on the spatiotemporal data provided by AIS and radar. As the radar data does not include the ship's identification, the associated relationship between radar data and AIS data is difficult to determine in the multi-ship scenario. To solve this problem, the D-TRAP is defined in this paper, it is applied in the process of searching for the associated AIS points of radar trajectory points, when the number of effective AIS points is reduced caused by the above two behaviors, the association method used in the paper has better performance. In addition, real data and simulation data are used to verify the two algorithms. The verification results show that when the ship is simultaneously monitored by radar and AIS, and the monitoring process continues for a period of time, the AIS closing detection algorithm has good performance. When the ship is monitored by AIS and radar before and after MMSI spoofing, and both monitoring processes continue for a period of time, the MMSI spoofing algorithm has good performance.


Abstract The Te Kuiti Group in North Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand, of Oligocene ‐ earliest Miocene (Whaingaroan‐Waitakian) age, is dominated by calcareous siltstone, calcareous sandstone, and skeletal limestone. Exposures in the southwestern corner of the basin at Awakino Tunnel are distinctive because, compared with elsewhere, the group is generally thicker (>300 m), has strong dips (25–45°E), exhibits an up‐section decrease in the amount of dip, and the capping Orahiri Limestone includes several thick (up to 3 m) mass‐emplaced units containing a variety of 1–10 cm sized calcareous lithoclasts of older Te Kuiti Group rocks. Petrographic and δI8O and δ13C data suggest that the source deposits of these lithoclasts were cemented at relatively shallow subsurface burial depths (100–500 m) before their uplift and erosion. The lithoclasts so produced were rounded by abrasion in shoal water, often bored profusely by pholad bivalves, and sometimes encrusted by coralline algae, before being periodical...


Currently, the construction industry worldwide is going through a challenging situation in the face of the pandemic derived from the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19. As a result of this pandemic, many countries declare a state of emergency, which is why the economy is experiencing a serious recession and within it the construction sector. For the restart of activities, construction and real estate companies implement biosecurity guidelines and protocols established by the government, which directly impact the labor productivity of construction projects, which generates extensions term and budget increases thus affecting its performance. In this sense, this research proposes a process for the evaluation of projects in order to determine and analyze the productivity indices in multi-family buildings to identify the factors that hinder an optimal operation and thus deter-mine the impact within the term of the project. The results show a considerable variation in the productivity indices, which impacts the total term of the project.


Plotinus,the most important philosopher in ancient Greek,has been neglected for a long time in the field of philosophy in China. Based on comparison of researches in and outside China,it is proposed that we should pay close attention to his thought,thus promote the researches on ideology and culture in ancient Greek and Middle Ages which have long been neglected.


Microgrids are practical samples of the concept of decentralized power production. In this regard, after determination of appropriate technologies and the capacity of power generation and storage units for defensive objectives, the optimal scheduling of units in microgrids is of the crical importance. Thus, scheduling of distributed generations and energy storages in form of virtual power plant have gained significant attentions of both owner of these units and the operators of distributions aiming at increasing the system efficiency. This paper proposes a model for the optimal day-ahead scheduling of electrical and thermal units in a large scale virtual power plant. This plant includes a number of combined heat and power units, distribution consumers, a parking for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with the ability to follow a smart charging pattern, boilers, renewable energy based generators and storage units. The presence of large number of storages, especially electrical vehicles, in these types of microgrids enhances the resiliency of the grids when encountering malicious attacks. Uncertaintie associated with electrical and thermal loads is modeled using a probabilistic programing while Monte-Carlo simulation has been utilized to model uncertainty in the behavior of electrical vehicles. Simulations have accomplished in two scenarios: 1) normal and 2) islanding operation after a deliberate attack. MATLAB software and cuckoo optimization algorithm are used for optimization task in this paper.


This research aims to describe and to analyze Article 2 (2) point g of the Indonesian Terrorism Financing Law and to identify its formal requirements. The approaches used in this paper are statutory and conceptual. As a normative study, this paper exhibits that there is the possibility of Stateless Persons residing in Indonesia as perpetrators of Terrorist Funding in accordance with Article 2 (2) point g of Law No. 9 of 2013. However stateless persons can also be refugees. Thus it is crucial to bear in mind that Article 2 (2) point g of Law No. 9 of 2013 does not regulate the financing of terrorism carried out by refugees. Therefore, proper legal construction is needed to develop adequate provisions to fight terrorism financing. Indonesia must be responsible for providing permanent mechanisms to limit the movement of funds for terrorists involving refugees or asylum seekers.


This scientific output describes the weaknesses of material flows and the lack of resilience of supply chains, which resulted in the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This unpleasant situation has presented the whole of logistics with new challenges and problems, which society and industry have tried with their approach to achieving non-stagnant logistics processes, which were therefore threatened mainly by the pandemic. The article describes old but mainly new trends and innovations in logistics, distribution and supply chain, which are also the result of accelerated digital transformation.


Introduction. Volcanic Activity. Earthquake Activity. Mass Movements. River Activity. Marine Activity. Arid And Semi--Arid Lands. Glacial And Periglacial Terrains. Water Resources. Soil Resources. Problem Soils. Rock Masses, Their Character, Problems And Uses. The Impact Of Mining On The Environment. Waste And Its Disposal. Environmental Geology And Health. Land Evaluation And Site Assessment


OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the influence of gestational age and
birth weight on decidua eruption in children aged 5 months to 36 months.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is cross-sectional, prospective and
comparative. It was performed at the Hospital Belen de Trujillo, in the CRED service. The
sample consisted of 60 children born at term and 60 children born preterm from 5 months to
36 months of age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. A data collection
form was used, in which the deciduous teeth present at the moment or of the oral exam were
recorded, and data on the clinical history, such as gestational age and birth weight. A logistic
regression model was used to evaluate the influence of the various independent variables on
dental eruption using a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS: When assessing the influence of gestational age and birth weight individually
on decidua eruption in children 5 months to 36 months of age, a statistically significant
influence of birth weight was observed in the eruption of pieces 5.2 (p (P = 0.030), 6.2 (p =
0.015), 7.1 (p <0.001) and 8.1 (p <0.001). Statistically significant influence of gestational
age was also found on items 5.1 (p = 0.031), 5.2 (p = 0.006 (P = 0.001), 6.2 (p = 0.004), 7.1
(p <0.001), and 7.2 (p = 0.013). The influence of gestational age on the eruption of item 6.1
(p = 0.005, R2 = 0.148) was found in the evaluation of the influence of gestational age and
birth weight.


In this paper, we share our experience with using reflection as a systematic tool to build advanced debuggers. We illustrate the usage and combination of reflection techniques for the implementation of object-centric debugging. Object-centric debugging is a technique for object-oriented systems that scopes debugging operations to specific objects. The implementation of this technique is not straightforward, as there are, to the best of our knowledge, no description in the literature about how to build such debugger. We describe an implementation of object-centric breakpoints. We built these breakpoints with Pharo, a highly reflective system, based on the combination of different classical reflection techniques: proxy, anonymous subclasses, and sub-method partial behavioral reflection. Because this implementation is based on common reflective techniques, it is applicable to other reflective languages and systems for which a set of identified primitives are available.


ABSTRACT Single-chain antibodies neutralize activity and bind nonoverlapping epitopes of botulinum A neurotoxin. Two phage display epitope libraries were constructed from the 1.3 kb of binding domain cDNA. The minimal epitopes selected against the single-chain Fv-Fc antibodies correspond to conformational epitopes with amino acid residues 1115 to 1223 (S25), 1131 to 1264 (3D12), and 889 to 1294 (C25).


English) The presented research work contains studies concerning fiber-reinforcement in additive manufacturing. The overall process chain was considered and investigated during the project, including materials, design, production, quality control, and simulation. A series of experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to determine the influence of short fibers on the additive manufacturing process chain. These investigations were conducted on multiple additive manufacturing machines, injection molding machines, and scientific testing equipment. Methods were developed to optimize and enhance the required properties of the material and the final parts in terms of thermal properties, mechanical properties, lifetime, life cycle, and implementation in a digital production environment. Descriptive research was performed on the manufacturing process of parts with fiber-reinforcement focusing on fiber-matrix interface, fiber orientation, and fiber distribution within the part. A specialization was considered for vat photopolymerization technologies. Conclusions were drawn from the investigations and included in the development of injection molding inserts as an industrial application. The digital manufacturing process chains of injection molding machines with a special focus on injection molding inserts were investigated further and challenges were identified. Among them were a reduced lifetime, increased molding cycle time, and thermal management of the insert. Those challenges were tackled in further investigations resulting in a significantly enhanced lifetime and a cycle time reduction. Further aspects of digital manufacturing were considered in conceptional investigations regarding advanced cooling of the inserts and opening the possibility for automated injection molding prototyping and design phases. The later will play a significant role in an industry 4.0 manufacturing environment. In comparison to the vat photopolymerization process, investigations were performed on extrusion-based methods elaborating on the differences and enhanced challenges as compared to resin-based manufacturing technologies.


Two jarringly counterposed problems dominate today's linguistic research agenda: why human languages are as different from each other as they are, and why they are as similar to each other as they are. The solution to the first problem is apportioned among sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, linguistic typology, and other subfields that focus on linguistic diversity, whether at the level of the conversationalist or that of the nation-state. Likewise, no single branch of linguistics devotes itself to the second problem. And a moment's reflection reveals why that must be so. Even at the level of grammar and lexicon, the properties that all languages share are so disparate that one could hardly expect there to be a coherent research programme devoted to explaining them. From what set of principles, for example, would follow both the fact that every language that has affricates also has stops and the fact that every language has a word for 'heart'? John A. Hawkins, the editor of Explaining language universals, is nevertheless undaunted. He imposes no limitations of scope on the contributions to this anthology, other than that they be devoted to explaining ' why... languages exhibit the commonalities and the range of variants that they do', 'why...the variants of some [are] not shared by others', and 'why...certain logically possible properties [are] not found in any known language' (3). Thus we find here attempts to explain phenomena as diverse as the fact that reflexives tend to occur in a particular configuration with respect to their antecedents; that suffixes are far more common than prefixes; and that languages have more terms to refer to the anterior region of our bodies than the posterior. Most of the contributions to this volume are revisions of papers presented at a Max-Planck-Institut-funded research project called 'Explanation in universal grammar' that was held in the Netherlands between the summers of 1983 and 1985. Each contributor apparently had the opportunity to read the pre-final drafts of the contributions of the others, as there is a fair amount


This article introduces technical characteristic and work principle of main tea refining machinery,emphases on progress in research and application of plane circlesifting machine,vibrating-sifter and tea color sorter etc.according to demand of technology and machinery of tea refining,puts forward the direction and target of tea refining machinery such as high extraction rate,high efficiency,low cost,gentle pollution and easy to use.


In the not-too-distant future, your car could drive itself; technology companies and automobile manufacturers alike are currently developing driverless vehicle technology. While there are many touted benefits to driverless vehicles, perhaps the most important societal benefit is a reduction in automobile accidents. Currently, car crashes are one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and the majority of accidents are caused by human error. Unlike humans, driverless vehicles will not get distracted, significantly decreasing the number of car crash fatalities that happen each year. In order for driverless vehicles to save lives, driverless vehicles must be on the roads. This means people must be willing and able to buy them. Millennials have demonstrated interest in the technology, keeping in line with their reputation for being early technology adopters, but unfortunately this demographic has limited buying power a problem when early driverless vehicles could command a premium of up to


Ten varieties of Kalimeris indica(M1 through M10) were selected to determine their contents of β-carotene, polyphenols, flavonoids and saponins according to Chinese national standards and common methods. The inhibitory activity against non-enzymatic glycosylation and its relationship with active ingredients were analyzed as well. The results showed that Kalimeris indica was rich in the active ingredients; of the varieties investigated, M2 and M5 contained the highest amounts of β-carotene, M3 and M10 contained the highest amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, M4 and M6 contained the highest amounts of saponins. Crude extracts from all these varieties were highly effective against protein glycosylation with inhibition rates between 49% and 71%. The inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation caused by either methylglyoxal(MGO) or glucose oxidase(GO) displayed positive linear correlation with the contents of polyphenol or flavonoid, while saponin contents were linearly correlated only with the inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation caused by MGO.


Objective To verify the efficacy and safety of donepezil on the patients with poststroke aphasia. Methods 62 patients with poststroke aphasia were allocated to donepezil group(n=31) or control group(n=31) randomly.In donepezil group,donepezil was infused at a dose of 5mg,once a day,for 30 days,while,control group were treated with vitamin C,1 tablet,once a day,for 30 days. The severity of aphasia were evaluated by AQ of the WAB and CAL before and at the endpoint of trentment respectively.Result The severity of aphasia(AQ of the WAB and CAL)improved more in the Donepezil group than in the control group at endpoint.There were no distint adverse reaction in donepezil group.Conclusion donepezil is effective and safety on treatment of poststroke aphasia.


Eukaryotic genes, primarily in multi-cellular organisms, have mRNAencoding regions called exons that are interrupted by non-coding regions named introns. This split gene structure provides a fertile ground of posttranscriptional regulation which expands transcript repertoire through usage of various exon-exon combinations (i.e. alternative splicing) resulting in multiple mRNA isoforms (i.e. splice variants) produced from a single gene [1]. Highthroughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) indicates that > 90% of multi-exon human genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) [2,3]. More importantly, AS can change a final protein's binding properties, modify enzymatic activity, and even reverse roles of its gene in cellular processes (e.g. two isoforms of Bcl-x through AS, the long form is anti-apoptotic, while the short one is pro-apoptotic) [4]. Besides the role of AS in normal development, evidence of pathogenesis and clinical relevance of aberrant splicing variants is growing exponentially [5], with an estimated 10% of splice site mutations (exon intron boundary) causing human inherited diseases [6-8]. Deciphering the pre-mRNA splicing code and functional characterization of splice variants will provide us new insights of pathogenesis of human diseases.


Objective To analyze the transsphenoidal microsurgical effect of Cushing's disease. Method The clinical data of 541 Cushing's disease cases were analyzed retrospectively in this study from 1981 to 2007. Results CT/MRI revealed microadenoma in 358 cases (66.2% ), macroadenoma in 76 ( 14.0% ) ,huge adenoma in 3 ( 0.6% ) and negative results in 104 ( 19. 2% ). Pathological examination confirmed pituitary ACTH adenoma in 408 ( 75.4% ), pituitary ACTH cell hyperplasia in 45 ( 8. 3% ), no evidence of adenoma or hyperplasia in 88 ( 16. 3% ). In our group, the cure rate were 85.0% ( 347/408 ),24. 4% (11/45) and 45.5% (40/88) respectively in Cushing's disease patients with pituitary ACTH adenoma, pituitary ACTH cell hyperplasia and negative pathological results. The follow up period ranged from half year to 25 years( average 3.1 years). Recurrence rate was 13. 3%. Average recurrent time was 3.4 years (0.5 - 16.5 years ). Conclusions Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy plus resection of parsadenomatous pituitary tissue is the first choice in the treatment of Cushing's disease. Repeated transsphenoidal pituitary surgery or pituitary radiotherapy could be underwent for patients after failed surgery of recurrenct cases.

Key words:
Cushing syndrome;  Microsurgery;  Transsphenoidal surgery


In a population which consists of a large number of players interacting with each other, the payoff of each player often conflicts with the total payoff of the population which he/she belongs to. In such a situation, a "government" which has the comprehensive perspective is needed to govern the population. Recently, to discuss the population with the government, the authors have proposed replicator dynamics with reallocation of payoffs to analyze an effect of the government. In this model, the government is willing to lead the population to a desirable target state by collecting a part of players' payoffs and reallocating them depending on the target state. The government's action is the rate of collecting payoffs from players and the rate is assumed to be constant and independent of the population state. Thus, in this paper, we suppose that the government change their intervention strategy depending on the current population state. We consider the government as a game player and define the government's payoff as a sum of a benefit and a cost of intervention. We propose a model which describes the evolution of the government's reallocation strategy and investigate stability of its equilibrium points.


An AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) 128 X 128 focal plane array, incorporating integral grating structures for efficient optical coupling have been hybridized to silicon CMOS multiplexes. The demonstrated high uniformity, excellent detectivity, and high yield of operating pixels (99% plus) has resulted in excellent imagery in the 8 - 12 micrometers range, with a low noise equivalent temperature difference (NE(Delta) T) of less than 10 mK, and high image contrast signal to noise ratios (CSNR). We will discuss the figures of merit that govern the image quality in our QWIP focal plane arrays, such as D*, uniformity, CSNR, maximum input charge to the CMOS multiplex, etc. Our latest results will also be reported.


Pure and Sn doped CdO sol-gel derived thin films were deposited on corning glass substrate and further irradiated by swift heavy ion (SHI) (Ag and O) with fluence upto 3×1013 ions/cm2. The observed tensile stress from X-ray diffraction pattern at higher fluence for Ag ions can be corroborated to the imbrications of cylindrical tracks due to multiple impacts. The anomalous band gap enhancement after irradiation may be attributed to the consolidated effect of Burstein–Moss shift (BMS) and impurity induced virtual gap states (ViGs). At higher excitation density as Fermi stabilization level (EFS) tends to coincide with charge neutrality level (CNL), band gap enhancement saturates as further creation of additional defects inside the lattice becomes unsustainable. Raman spectroscopy divulges an intensity enhancement of 478 cm−1 LO phonon mode with Sn doping and irradiation induces further asymmetric peak broadening due to damage and disordering inside the lattice. However for 3% Sn doped thin film irradiated wi...


A method for purifying a hydrogen chloride-containing exhaust gas stream comprising reacting: (A) an exhaust gas containing hydrogen chloride and silanes of the formula H (B) recovering the higher chlorinated silane.


BACKGROUND: Collective occupations are a vital part of the post-apartheid South African context because they enable parents and grandparents to pass on their legacies to the young people in families and communities. However, there are social inter-generational problems such as corruption, unemployment, family conflicts and poverty that disrupt the actions of inculcating occupational legacy AIM: This study explored young people's voices of occupational legacy in a post-apartheid South African context METHOD: A socio-narratology qualitative inquiry was employed to gain insight from eight participants who were recruited using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, which were analysed thematically in a credible process RESULTS: Five themes that amalgamated collective occupations with occupational legacy were identified: decoloniality of 'knowledge generation and transfer', decoloniality of 'doing', decoloniality of 'being', decoloniality of 'becoming' and decoloniality of 'belonging' CONCLUSION: The findings add to our understanding of the power of occupational legacy in ameliorating the problematic situations that enabled the young people's continuity, social change and transformation through collective occupations. It is evident in the findings that the young people exerted maximal efforts to engage in occupational decision-making activities that were guided by the available opportunities so they may transition to the different contexts


The article examines new approaches to the development of socialism and capitalism in the context of educational activities, according to which the Marxist theory of socialism should be considered not only as a purely scientific theory - the result of purely scientific activities of K. Marx and F. Engels, but as scientific knowledge structurally formed into a concept, decisive in the first place the task of promoting the ideas of materialism and the transition to a system in which private property is liquidated. A look at the Marxist theory of socialism from this angle allows it to be interpreted as a special type of culture. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the development of the capitalist world system, which requires the emergence of a specific supranational level of government and the corresponding type of organizational and administrative capital. The authors discusses the legitimacy of understanding the Marxist theory of socialism as this type of capital.


struction of the items contributed to patient responses to them. Only further research in this area can clarify what the most valid and reliable subscales are in the domain of patient perceptions of pastoral care. Another early and important element of the data analysis is the correlation of a number of background variables with patient perceptions. The most salient background variables in this study were age, number of chaplain visits, and patients' general satisfaction level with their hospital stay. This is important work-nudging, calling, and leading the field to pay attention. It can be described as an example of outcomes research, continuous quality improvement, or patient satisfaction research. At the very least, chaplains will find data here in a language that hospital administrators can understand-data that describe the value patients ascribe to pastoral care. Directors ofdepartments of pastoral care will find here important data and suggestive models for evaluating pastoral care. Chaplain supervisors and teachers will find here some provocative questions about what we are and should be teaching chaplains about good pastoral care. Researchers will find numerous questions begging to be followed in subsequent research designs. VandeCreek has since developed a shorter version of the PSI and will allow its use and interpret data sets for a nominal fee (far less than hospitals pay consulting firms to do this kind of research). I hope numbers of hospitals take him up on this invitation, and I hope the publication of these data expand the conversation of researchers helping him develop and refine this instrument. All research makes methodological decisions at the outset that give it inherent strengths and limitations. The strengths of this research are its quantitative foundation, its relevance in the marketplace of health care administration, and its potential for spurring good questions for chaplains to pursue in using a variety of tools. Its limits include its lack of grounding in a clear theoretical stream or tradition. In that regard, it fails to build a bridge between what VandeCreek and Lyon call "tradition-based" and "evidencebased" ways of professional functioning. Given the significant strength of the work, such limits are easily forgiven. -Mark E. Jensen, Ph.D.


This paper describes progress on the Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The system is based upon a feature extraction, data ordering, and statistical modeling paradigm. Feature extraction is performed by applying image segmentation to convert the SAR imagery into one of four pixel classes. A description of a real-time image segmentation design is given. The segmented imagery is re-ordered from a 2D spatial representation to a sequential representation through the use of multiple Radon Transforms. Finally, the re-ordered data is classified by target type by applying Hidden Markov Model decoding techniques. Performance results on the MSTAR public targets database is provided.


We fabricated three-dimensional (3D)-structure solar cells with Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). A CdS buffer layer was deposited around nc-TiO2 by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The CdS deposition time was varied from 5 to 30 min at 65 °C. CZTS absorber was deposited by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) onto the CdS buffer layer. Cu-, Zn-, Sn-, and S-containing solutions were used in SPD. The metal sources of copper(II) acetate monohydrate, zinc(II) acetate dehydrate, and tin(II) chloride dehydrate, and pure sulfur powder were desolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent and mono-ethanolamine as a stabilizer. The solution-sprayed 3D-structure substrate was annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 250 °C for 30 min. A 3D-structure CZTS solar cell presented the best conversion efficiency η of 0.51% with a CdS buffer layer deposition time of 20 min. The dependence of each solar cell characteristic on CdS buffer layer deposition time was measured.