In simple inelastic structures subjected to severe base motions, the maximum acceleration response is bound by the yield strength and is inversely proportional to its mass. It can be demonstrated that a similar effect is approximately produced in structures with multidegrees of freedom. In strong structures, the maximum acceleration response is dependent on the intensity of the earthquake. However, if the strength of the structure is reduced, the maximum acceleration response and associated forces in its structural and nonstructural components can be substantially reduced. If some of the structural columns (carrying gravity loads) are allowed to rock, providing very small resistance to lateral loads, it is possible to reduce the strength of the global structural system and limit the global accelerations in seismic events. However, before overturning such columns may have substantial resistance which may void the effectiveness of weakening. The objective of this study is to (1) develop a simplified analytical model for rocking columns from fixity to overturning; (2) build the computational tools to simulate the behavior of structures including such rocking columns; and (3) examine the global nonlinear static response of a weakened structure. An analytical model is developed using an equivalent flexibility approach, which considers rigid body rotations and flexural deformations. Physical experiments of rocking columns were performed, and the results are used for the calibration and validation of analytical models. An analytical model of a 1:3 scaled structure is developed using IDARC2D modified in this study to evaluate several alternatives of weakening using rocking columns.


An ultramafic body flanked on either side by tholeiitic dolerite occurs as a minor intrusion in the Singhbhum granite, southwest of Keshargaria (22°36' : 85°56'). The ultramafic body varies from pyroxene-rich harzburgite to olivine-rich poikilitic harzburgite, the latter being conspicuous in the central part of the intrusion. A crude planar structure defined by enstatite crystals is developed towards the contact walls. The constituent mafic silicates, arranged in paragenetic order, are: forsteritic olivine, enstatite, diopsidic augite (malacolite), phlogopite and plagioclase, the last three phases appear to represent intracummulus crystallisation. The central part of the intrusion is relatively enriched in olivine whereas the marginal parts are in an advanced stage of differentiation relative to the central zone, indicated by lower Mg/Fe and Ba/Rb ratios in the former. This spatial variation in degree of differentiation is considered to have been induced during flowage of the crystal-iquid mush. The ultramafic intrusion is non-uniform in chemical and mineralogical compositions and does not represent unaltered mantle material. The significant deviation from the mantle composition is in higher aluminium and ferric iron and lower magnesium in the investigated peridotite. The Keshargaria ultramafic body which is one of several such bodies associated with the Newer Dolerite intrusions, represents a stage of fractionation of mantle derived magma.


Children with primary bone tumors are rarely encountered. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute, the average annual incidence of bone malignancies in the United States is 8.7 per million children younger than 20 years (24). This translates to 650–700 new patients in this age range with a diagnosis of bone sarcoma each year, with ≈400 cases being osteosarcoma and ≈200 being Ewing's sarcoma. These malignant bone lesions represent only 6% of all childhood cancers (24). Early recognition and appropriate treatment are necessary for successful outcomes (Table 1). Diagnostic and treatment strategies for children with musculoskeletal sarcoma continue to evolve. Diseasefree survival and functional outcome have improved with advances in diagnostic imaging, chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapeutic techniques, and surgical techniques including limb-sparing procedures. Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are the most commonly encountered malignant bone tumors in children and will be the focus of this article. Chondrosarcoma, although rarely present as a malignancy in children, is seen in patients with multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis (MHO) and deserves special mention. This article focuses on presentation, evaluation, and treatment and highlights recent breakthroughs in pediatric bone tumor management. As understanding of the complex biology of tumors improves, so, too, should our treatment ability.


In this paper, the analysis and design of the main block for a low power consumption Radio Frequency (RF) MOS Envelope Detector (ED) is presented. Using a semi-empirical model for the MOS transistor the behaviour of the current conversion gain is derived for all inversion regions. This study shows that the maximum for the conversion gain occurs in the moderate inversion region and the output Signal to Noise Ratio is shown to be maximum in the moderate to weak inversion region. These results are applied to select the bias point for a 2.4GHz detector in a 130nm CMOS process and the predictions are verified against the simulations of this design.


Most of the glass-painting artists in Central Java and the special province of Yogyakarta derived from the ordinary people who doesn't have ample formal education. In doing the painting, besides that they expresses their thought and feeling, they also visualize legends and mythology that still lives among the traditional community such as the story of the fight between Jaka Tingkir and a heard of crocodiles, Ande-ande Lumut, the assassination of captain Tack, Goddes Nawangwulan and Jaka Tarub, and many others. Most of the tales have motifs and morals. By studying those paintings one can then know how a certain 'folk' thinks or feels. What is considered as verbal folklore are among others traditional expressions, proverb, riddles, folk poems, folk stories, legends and mythology. Glass painting is regarded as a non-verbal folklore, like vernacular architecture, crafts, and also traditional costumes. Key words:


A vision-based system for tracking and interpreting leg motion in image sequences using a single camera is developed for a user to control his movement in the virtual world by his legs. Twelve control commands are defined. The trajectories of the color marks placed on the shoes of the user are used to determine the types of leg movement by a first-order Markov process. Then, the types of leg movement are encoded symbolically as input to Mealy machines to recognize the control command associated with a sequence of leg movements. The proposed system is implemented on a commercial PC without any special hardware. Because the transition functions of Mealy machines are deterministic, the implementation of the proposed system is simple and the response time of the system is short. Experimental results with a 14-Hz frame rate on 320/spl times/240 image resolution are included to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach.


Denaturation, following treatment with sodium dodecylsulphate, of human serum proteins and of membrane proteins from bovine milk fat globules was studied by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. As little as 1–2 mM of free sodium dodecylsulphate in a 5 μl sample was found to disturb the normal precipitation patterns. Furthermore the treatment resulted in the absence of certain precipitates, while other precipitates showed several peaks characteristic of proteins having partial identity. Considerable 'normalization' of the precipitation pattern was observed when non‐ionic detergent (Berol EMU‐043 and Triton X‐100) was incorporated in the samples or the gel prior to immunoelectrophoresis. Thus, this procedure renders the immunochemical analysis of proteins solubilized and/or fractionated in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate more reliable.


Chinese are human beings whose needs are essentially the same as of those everywhere else, they are liable to lapse into the belief that the Chinese people derive their nourishment from &dquo;proletarian culture&dquo; and the &dquo;Thought of Mao Tse-tung&dquo;. Much as the Chinese leaders may wish it were so, they know that the problems of economic growth have no pureiy ideclogical solutions. We may presume, then, that behind the facade of ideological slogans a very serious debate


Summary: Driver distraction is thought to play a causal role in automobile crashes. Younger and older drivers have the highest crash risk per mile driven. To get a better understanding of the risk associated with conducting secondary tasks while driving the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) dataset, part of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) was used to run a log-linear model comparing age and secondary task involvement and their relation to Event Severity (Balanced Baseline vs Crash), as well as Maneuver Judgement (Safe vs Unsafe). A significant relationship was found between event severity and maneuver judgement. Additionally, age group and secondary task engagement had a significant effect on event severity, but no significant interaction between age and secondary task was found. Age had a significant effect on maneuver judgement, but secondary task did not. Therefore, maneuver judgement may not be a good substitute for event severity as an outcome variable for predicting crashes.


Introduction: massage, dermotherapy and electrolipolysis act in stimulating the skin surface temperature increase, which can be assessed by skin thermography. Objective: To compare the variations in the surface skin temperature of the abdomenal region, in the short term, after massage, dermotherapy and electrolipolysis. Methodology: Thirty women were randomized to groups: massage, dermotherapy and electrolipolysis, performed in the abdominal region, once. Thermographic evaluation was performed before (first assessment), immediately after (second evaluation) and 20 minutes after application of techniques (third assessment). For data analysis we used ANOVA and T test. Results: there was significant rise in temperature after the massage (p<0.0001), dermotherapy (p<0.0001) and electrolipolysis (p<0.0001). Massage and dermotherapy showed significant temperature rise in relation to electrolipolysis. Conclusions: the techniques are capable of generating significant increase in the skin temperature in short term, there was a greater increase in temperature for massage and dermotherapy.


Using morden supporting structure theory,this paper does numerical analysis of excavating and supporting with the software ANSYS in an engineering project,and calculate the internal force of supporting structure. Through the analysis results of internal force,the safety factor of the strength of the lining can be obtained. According to the engineering specification,it can determine the minimum safety thickness of lining by studying how thickness of lining affects the safety factor and stability.


The discovery of new anesthetics, more effective and less toxic, gave veterinarians the possibility to successfully intervene in resolving the most different situations encountered in their activity.
This study consisted in monitoring respiratory frequency, cardiac frequency and body temperature in patients anesthetized and then subdued to different surgical interventions.
The researches were carried on 20 dogs of different breeds, ages and sexes, diagnosed with different types of diseases, which needed surgical treatment under the effect of anesthesia. There were selected patients in which pain intensity associated with surgical intervention was relatively equal.
Anesthesia protocols consisted mainly in the association of two substances: xylazine + ketamine – in 5 cases; medetomidine + ketamine – in 5 cases; acepromazine + ketamine – in 5 cases; propofol – in 5 cases.
In case of anesthesia induced by xylazine-ketamine combination, it was observed a slight tendency to bradycardia, respiratory frequency oscillations and the decrease of body temperature (tendency to hypothermia).
Medetomidine-ketamine association determined cardiac frequency oscillations (without a particular tendency), an initial increase of respiratory frequency followed by come-back to normal and a slight decrease of body temperature.
Using acepromazine-ketamine combination, the studied parameters varied under acceptable limits during anesthesia.
Propofol ensured good conditions for surgical interventions, with the observations that the anesthetic effect is short and it requires supplementary safety measures in order to avoid the appearance of respiratory disorders.
The selection of anesthetic substances must be done considering patient-related factors, the purpose of anesthesia and the available equipments.


In this study, the magnetic properties of 3D modeled two-phase hard/soft nanocomposite nanostructured magnets were simulated by means of the Monte-Carlo method. The dependences of the energy product and coercivity on the grain size and magnetically soft phase content were investigated. The influence of the interaction spreading in the soft phase on the magnetic properties was also discussed. The obtained results revealed that the energy product reaches an optimal value when the soft phase content ranges around 50 vol.%, and a strong magnetic interaction spreading locally along the Kneller-Hawig exchange length seems to be more important than a weak but widely spreading interaction.


Government requirements for security certification and accreditation (C&A) of systems follow a sequential approach compatible with projects using the waterfall software development lifecycle (SDLC). The purpose of this study is to explore ideas that will allow incorporation of C&A into the agile SDLC process. With the emergence of agile SDLC, incorporating the government C&A process becomes a challenge in areas such as minimizing risk, requirements volatility, documentation, stakeholder involvement, and meeting aggressive schedules. Focus groups were used in this qualitative study to answer the research question: What factors assist in successful incorporation of C&A into the agile SDLC process? Twenty-eight success factors emerged in the areas of: customer support, management support, team training, requirements mapping, security engineering, customer-contractor communication, documentation, testing, and transitioning to agile SDLC from waterfall SDLC.


Precise and shape-matching osteotomy models are determinants of the experimental homogeneity in the assessment of orthopedic biomechanical properties. At present, however, publications on detailed description of osteotomy in bone biomechanical study are scanty. The purposes of this study were to design a new method of osteotomy-aided module production for bone biomechanical study with the help of three-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design (CAD) and to test the accuracy of osteotomy. Fourteen fourth-generation composite femurs were analyzed. The composite bone was scanned using computed tomography (CT) scanner and loaded in Mimics for reconstruction and, then, imported into 3-Matic software to design intertrochanteric region, distal femur, and rotation control lever models. 3D printer was used to print each component. After assembling Sawbones and osteotomy modules, a horizontal band-saw was used to create fracture models. The volume and mass of intermediate fragments were calculated and analyzed. Satisfactory osteotomies of all composite Sawbones were achieved. The mean volume and mass of intermediate fragments were 21.0 ± 1.5 mm3 and 19.0 ± 1.2 g, respectively. Range of deviation from average of volumes was −1.9 – 2.8 mm3 and most of these deviations fall within the range of −1.4 – 2.1 mm3. Range of deviation from average of mass was −2.0 – 1.6 g and most of these deviations fall within the range of −1.4 – 1.6 g. One-dimensional histogram of deviation from average shows the precise and stable osteotomy performed based on the modules accordingly. A new method of osteotomy-aided module production for bone biomechanical study with the help of 3D printing and CAD was designed and the accuracy of osteotomy was verified. This method is expected to achieve homogeneity and standardization of osteotomy in bone biomechanical study.


Upon completion of this course, the learner will be able to describe palliative care and hospice care as treatment approaches for end-of-life care and explain the role of speech-language pathologists in this type of care.


The isolobal ${\rm BCO} \raisebox{-3pt}{\includegraphics{\ArtDir 00171a01}} {\rm CH}$ relationship has been applied computationally to create a new family of positively charged boron carbonyls. These are generated by replacing one or more of the CH's in carbocations by BCO groups. The boron carbonyl cations can be hypercoordinated (e.g. H4BCO+, isolobal with ${\rm CH}_{5}^{+}$), hydrogen bridged (e.g. (BCO)2H+, isolobal with the bridged vinyl cation ${\rm C}_{2}{\rm H}_{3}^{+}$), carbon bridged (e.g. ${\rm (BCO)}_{2}{\rm C}_{5}{\rm H}_{9}^{+}$, isolobal with the 2-norbornyl cation), and polyhedral (e.g. ${\rm (BCO)}_{5}^{+}$, isolobal with C4v${\rm(CH)}_{5}^{+})$). Furthermore, the BCO analogs have geometries and electronic structures similar to those of their carbocation counterparts, for example, characterized by 3c-2e multicenter and aromatic six interstitial electron bonding. The nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) at the centers of three-membered rings or the pyramidal clusters are highly diat...


Incident beam divergence is a well known source of systematic error in diffraction. Its effect on the precision and accuracy of diffraction data collected with monochromatic X-rays was recently investigated [1]. This study clearly revealed that highly divergent incident X-ray beams can lead to large errors when used on specimens with crystallite sizes comparable to the beam size. Building on these results, a systematic study was performed for the first time on beam divergence effects in time-of-flight neutron diffraction data. Two neutron powder diffractometers were employed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center: NPD and SMARTS. A single crystal Si specimen was first scanned by varying the incident angle. The diffraction data collected in individual detector tubes showed significant peak shifts attributed to the high divergence of the neutron beam. Reference


Concordant with a wider political and cultural emphasis on individual choice and selfcare, European patients have during the last decade become empowered stakeholders as a result of digitization. Nonetheless, patient empowerment sits uncomfortable with the prevailing business model pertaining to the majority of pharmaceutical organisations whose PR activities primarily target healthcare professionals, politicians, and patient organisations. This has infused the debate about how the industry can improve their interaction with patients while still complying with restrictive legislation concerning direct communication with patients. This thesis uses a qualitative approach to investigate the possibility of using digital gamification to circumvent this issue and examine how gamification can be designed for patients. Focus is on gamified mobile applications used by Danish diabetics. It is concluded that in order to successfully design and apply gamification in the pharmaceutical industry, several additional features must be incorporated in the design, compared to what is argued in the prevailing gamification theory. If this is appropriately done, pharmaceutical organisation can use gamification to help patients with their illness by motivating them to live healthier lives. Consequently, this will increase the trust towards the industry and thereby strengthening its relationship with the patient stakeholders. Moreover, gamification also permits those organisations that successfully deliver gamified applications to position themselves as market leaders among the future key decision makers, as they provide value beyond the pill. Rooted in the Organismic Integration Theory and with inspiration from gamification theory, psychological theory of motivation, and interviews with patients and industry experts, this study proposes an elaborated model of digital gamification in the pharmaceutical industry by closing the identified gaps in the existing theory.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures and results in increased morbidity. Glucose and insulin infusion have a beneficial effect on myocardial performance during CABG surgery, probably by restoring myocardial energy supplies. Insulin-enhanced cardioplegia may reduce postoperative arrhythmias by improving aerobic myocardial metabolism and mitigating the deleterious effects of ischemia. This double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed to determine whether insulin-enhanced cardioplegia decreases the risk of postCABG AF in high-risk patients. The 501 patients in the study were admitted to a coronary care unit after an ischemic episode (angina or infarction) and required urgent CABG during the same hospitalization. Patients were premedicated with lorazepam or morphine and perphenazine. Patients were anesthetized with a small-dose fentanyl regimen; isoflurane and midazolam were used for anesthesia maintenance. All patients underwent median sternotomy and were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were then randomized to receive either standard blood cardioplegia (control group [n = 258]) or standard blood cardioplegia with Humulin R 10 IU/L (insulin group [n = 243]). Patients were monitored by continuous ECG for at least 3 days postoperatively. All standard cardiac medication, including β-adrenergic blockers, was continued postoperatively. The two groups were similar for all preoperative variables, except for an increased prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction in the insulin group. Intraoperative and postoperative variables were also similar for the two groups including time to tracheal extubation, ICU length of stay, and length of postoperative hospital stay. AF was the most common postoperative arrhythmia, with a peak incidence on day 2 after CABG. The cumulative incidences of AF were 31.1% and 30.1% in the insulin and control groups, respectively. Predictors for postoperative AF were age >70 yr, preoperative AF, and preoperative creatinine level >150 μmol/L. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia was infrequent at all time points, with cumulative incidences of 9.4% and 8.5% in the insulin and control groups, respectively. Right bundle branch block was the most common conduction abnormality postoperatively, but no differences in incidence were seen between the two groups. The predictors for right bundle branch block were age >70 yr, female sex, and diseased circumflex vessel. Left bundle branch block was uncommon. The cumulative incidence of any intracardiac conduction abnormality was 17.7% in the insulin group and 14.7% in the control patients. Temporary postoperative pacing was necessary in 39.3% and 42.9% of the insulin and control groups, respectively. On arrival to the ICU, 48.1% of the patients in the insulin group and 52.3% of the controls were free from any arrhythmia or conduction defect and were not "paced." These results indicate that insulin-enhanced cardioplegia does not reduce the incidence of postoperative AF in high-risk patients undergoing CABG. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal use of insulin during cardiac surgery.


In this paper, we study various strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets in detail. To begin with, we consider the decomposition of hyper S-posets. A unique decomposition theorem for hyper S-posets is given based on strongly convex indecomposable hyper S-subposets. Furthermore, we discuss the properties of minimal and maximal strongly convex hyper S-subposets of hyper S-posets. In the sequel, the concept of hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset is introduced, and several related properties are investigated. In particular, we discuss the relationship between greatest strongly convex hyper S-subposets and hyper C-subposets of hyper S-posets. Moreover, we introduce the concept of bases of a hyper S-poset and give out the sufficient and necessary conditions of the existence of the greatest hyper C-subposets of a hyper S-poset by the properties of bases.


Rural collective‐owned cooperatives (RCOCs) have received significant attention for rural development, alleviating rural poverty, and achieving common welfare in China. Using the Social‐ecological system (SES) framework as a conceptual and analytical lens, this paper clarifies the determinants and the influence mechanism for the economic performance of RCOCs. A mixed method, PLS‐SEM combined NCA approach is applied to 420 smallholder farmers in rural China. The results reveal that rural collective property‐rights system reform (RCPRSR), leadership, social capital, and collective action positively affect the economic performance of RCOCs. Moreover, leadership and social capital also operate through their mediating effect on collective action amongst collective members. Our results further show that RCPRSR, leadership, and social capital are necessary conditions for the high economic performance of RCOCs.


Observables on effect algebras and their fuzzy versions obtained by means of confidence measures (Markov kernels) are studied. It is shown that, on effect algebras with the (E)-property, given an observable and a confidence measure, there exists a fuzzy version of the observable. Ordering of observables according to their fuzzy properties is introduced, and some mini-mality conditions with respect to this ordering are found. Applications of some results of classical theory of experiments are considered.


This study aimed to quantify the levels of fiber, cellulose and lignin in Brachiaria decumbent dossel, submitted to different doses of glyphosate. The experiment was carried out in a pasture area containing Brachiaria decumbens at Fazenda Experimental Lageado, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu County, Sao Paulo State. Treatments consisted of five glyphosate doses (36, 72, 180, 360 and 720 g ha-1) and an untreated control, by using a randomized complete block design with four replications. For herbicide application, a backpack sprayer pressurized by CO2 and equipped with a spray bar with four nozzles DG11002 VS was used, spaced 0.5 m, with solution volume of 200 L ha-1 . In general, it could be observed that fiber contents were not affected by glyphosate application and that all applied doses promoted increase in cellulose levels, 60 days after application. Glyphosate application reduced levels of lignin from 30 days after herbicide application, improving Brachiaria decumbens digestibility by reducing levels of lignin in plant.


ABSTRACT This study examined earnings inequality in Thailand. There is a relatively higher ratio of men than women in high level management positions in manufacturing. Women are typically employed in lower level positions such as bookkeeping, human resources and secretarial staff. They are the main force in the service sector such as banking, retail trades, education, hospitality and tourism. The trend has shifted in recent years when more women than men enter into a managerial level position. However, earnings for women are relatively lower than that of their male counterparts. A human capital model was employed to assess factors affecting earnings among men and women at managerial levels. These factors included education, work experience, marital status, job satisfaction, number of hours at work and at home, willingness to engage in frequent business trips and gender. The empirical analysis found that education, work experience, marital status and willingness to engage in frequent business trips had a significant effect on all samples in the study. Education and work experience profoundly affected earnings for both men and women. However, only women's earnings were affected by marital status and willingness to engage in frequent business trips. INTRODUCTION Thailand is currently undergoing reforms and adjustments in economic development planning aimed at bolstering market confidence and achieving economic recovery and stability. Amidst the past financial crisis, female employment has played an important role in the Thai economy, especially in the private sector. Table 1 provides selected statistics to compare males and females in the labor force. The Thai labor force is about 57 percent male and 43 percent female. More than twice the number of administrative, managerial and professional workers reside in an urban area. The percentage of women in administrative, managerial and professional positions increased from 49.7 in 1996 to 56.8 percent in 2000. There have been more job opportunities and better career advancement for women in the modern private sector. However, women with college degrees continue to earn less than their male counterparts. Wage and earnings inequality may arise due to heterogeneous jobs and workers. The initial motivation behind this research was to assess the impact of crucial factors affecting earnings at the entry to middle managerial levels in Thailand in order to control for some consequences of heterogeneities. Previous research has shown gender effect on employment and earnings inequality mainly among low educated and unskilled workers. Higher educated women at the managerial level have rarely been investigated. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The US historical trend in the female-male ratio indicated a rapid increase during the 1980s and stood at .72 by 1990 (O'Neill & Polachek, 1993). American women's economic status improved significantly in the 1980s. Understanding the gender gap in pay is important because even in the absence of any labor-market discrimination, it is unlikely that the wage rates of women and men would be equal (O'Neill, 2003). The relative improvement in women's wages can be attributed to an increase in labor market experience and work attachment (Blau & Kahn, 1997; O'Neill & Polachek, 1993). Not only can changes in the structure of the economy affect the wage distribution, but also human capital investments can create income inequality within a particular population. Earnings dispersion generally occurs due to differences in job characteristics and worker skills. Conversely, earnings inequality may occur among equally skilled workers in the same job because of gender, race and other irrelevant characteristics. It is widely accepted that differences in human capital between men and women do matter (Borjas, 2000). Men tend to acquire more human capital than women. The human capital that women acquire depreciates somewhat during the child bearing years when they engage in household production. …


In this paper, a new method named "node-splitting algorithm" is presented to deal with the power system electromagnetic transient network partition and parallel simulation. According to this method, network partition can be applied in each bus. Combined with the other method-decoupling method through long transmission lines, not only the electro magnetic transient simulation's speed will rise a lot, but also the network partition will become very flexible. As a general interface method, this method also can be used in the hybrid simulation of electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient simulation. This paper also presents the realization approach and result analysis. Through the modified IEEE 14-Bus system and North East China-North China-Center China-Chuanyu system's realization, this method has been validated.


Satellite observations of Australian rainfall are used with reanalysis fields to identify the fundamental ingredients that distinguish extreme rain days from non‐extreme rain days. We analyze regions from the tropics to the mid‐latitudes, seeking to address whether regions with very different large‐scale circulations have common factors required for extreme rainfall, and if so, what synoptic conditions lead to the development of the extremes. In all regions, extreme rain days occur in locally strong ascent, high moisture, and an atmosphere closer to saturation throughout the depth of the free troposphere than on weaker intensity rain days, although the synoptic processes leading to the development of these local conditions vary regionally. The concentration of moisture over several days preceding an extreme is important to the development of the extreme. We show that the local values of precipitable water and mid‐level ascent can indicate whether a rain day will be extreme. The analysis uses 20 years of satellite‐derived rain estimates covering the period 1998–2017, averaged daily and over 100 × 100 km2 areas centered on the Australian cities of Darwin (tropical), Brisbane (subtropical), and Melbourne (mid‐latitude). The daily mean rainfalls are ranked by intensity, and the top 100 days in each region are selected as extremes. The large‐scale conditions of these extreme rain days are taken from reanalysis and compared against those of the median and low intensity rain days in each region.


This inter-disciplinary study presents a novel mathematical simulation model based on an algorithm for the summarization of self-organizing maps ensembles applied under the case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology to perform forecasting tasks. This methodology represents a knowledge-extraction frame, where past information is used to generate new solutions to new problems. The novel summarization algorithm based on topology-preserving models organizes the stored information simplifying the retrieval of the most useful information from the case base. This algorithm is used to organize the case base and to improve the speed and efficiency of the retrieval phase of the CBR cycle within the explained predicting system. The developed mathematical system was applied to a real case of study: a forest fire forecasting data set. Forest fires represent an environmental risk that should be predicted in order to avoid further damages. This novel system was able to predict the future situation of geographic areas after a forest fire had been originated.


The structural design of gears will influence the operational characteristic of its driving.This paper introduces a simple way to carry out 3D modeling of bevel gear based on CAXA(electric drawing board 2D software) and Solidworks(parameterization 3D design software),which can optimize gear design and make the design more simple and accurate.


The Hofmeister effects,first noted in 1888,are ubiquitously in most chemical and biological systems that have been broadly described and introduced in literature,which have been found to influence the freezing point,boiling point,fluid viscosity,partial molar volume,saturated vapor pressure,conductivity,pH and the surface tension of liquids,and related systems.This article mainly introduces the important influence factors of Hofmeister effect and the improvement of the related theories,and describes the Hofmeister effects in some different systems.


This paper reports the effect of aluminium corrosion reaction on the density, porosity, and thermal insulation capability of porous fire bricks. The reaction between aluminium and alkaline solution produces hydrogen and other sediment products. The test specimens of fire bricks were made from the mixture of castable cement, aluminium powder of 325 mesh in size (0, 0.1, 1, and 2 wt% with respect to castable cement), and 0.185 M KOH solution. The structural examination of the specimens shows the increase of porosity to 22.7 - 30.6% and the decrease of density in the range of 1.135-1.503 g/mL. In addition, the samples possess average pore size of 0.001-0.003 cm3 with the thermal insulation in the range of 47-78%.This paper reports the effect of aluminium corrosion reaction on the density, porosity, and thermal insulation capability of porous fire bricks. The reaction between aluminium and alkaline solution produces hydrogen and other sediment products. The test specimens of fire bricks were made from the mixture of castable cement, aluminium powder of 325 mesh in size (0, 0.1, 1, and 2 wt% with respect to castable cement), and 0.185 M KOH solution. The structural examination of the specimens shows the increase of porosity to 22.7 - 30.6% and the decrease of density in the range of 1.135-1.503 g/mL. In addition, the samples possess average pore size of 0.001-0.003 cm3 with the thermal insulation in the range of 47-78%.


Angular JS is Single Page Application which is also a JavaScript library. It is a Open Source application which is used by the thousands of developers in the world. Angular is more responsive to action taken by the users. It is also licensed in Apache license version 2.0. The new mobile and web-based application frameworks has been released and it is used by the both the software development industry and research While some of these new frameworks are more popular than others, some are specialised in certain types of applications, and others have specific advanced features or outstanding capabilities that set them above others.The increase in the usage of mobile application has increased the demand of mobile application and has also increase the need for cross-platfrom framework.
In this paper, we discuss the different criteria which identifies the strengths and weaknesses of using Angular frame work in developing mobile and web-applications. Finally, we focus more deeply on the version of the Angular framework showing the eminent capabilities and over its own earlier versions. Overall, our comparative analysis results in a few interesting findings regarding different version of Angular framework, leaving us to believe that a new generation might soon emerge from the exponential path of MVC, MV*/MVW and MVVM.


According to a report by WHO Indonesia, it is a case number three infected with tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that belongs to acid-fast bacilli bacteria (BTA). Sputum smear examination microscopically still has many deficiencies caused by mucoprotein in sputum so that BTA cannot be separated from sputum, this is causing a false negative in reading result Microscope. The objective of this research is to know the most effective variation of concentration, speed and time of centrifugation on smear examination in tuberculosis patients. The research method used is experimental method and Design of complete Random Block design. Data were analyzed by statistic test with ANOVA test on SPSS. The result of the research is that at concentration 2% NH4Cl It can increase the number of BTA with optimal centrifugation speed / effective at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. Suggestion for further research is to use salmaniac salt concentration with a concentration lower than 2%.


Novel N-protected derivatives of substituted isatins have been synthesized and evaluated for their potency in inhibiting TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 activity on human endothelial cells as a marker for anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 3p was found to be most potent in inhibiting the ICAM-1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The structure–activity relationship of these compounds in inhibiting ICAM-1 expression activity is elucidated in the present study.


In order to deal with the fusion estimation problem for the multi-sensor system with multiple time delays and correlated noises, the state space model is converted into a new system with uncorrelated white noises first. Applying the optimal Kalman filtering method, based on the Inverse Covariance Intersection (ICI) method, the Sequential Inverse Covariance Intersection (SICI) fusion Kalman Estimators are presented, which avoids the computation of the cross-covariances. Compared with the traditional Covariance Intersection (CI) algorithm, the ICI algorithm has less conservativeness, and the SICI structure can handle a wider class of fusion problems. The accuracy relations among the local estimators and the fused estimators are proved. The simulation example shows the effectiveness and the consistence of the proposed SICI fusers, and gives the geometric interpretation of the accuracy relations.


A quasi-experimental study was carried out in 27 school children who were 6 years-old with high cavity risk, belonging to "Miguel Angel Oramas Alfonso" P...


The article is about the contribution of Petersburg scientists to the historical process of the Russian society modernization. The Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which in the first decades of its existence mainly had West European, predominantly German, scientists, in post-Peter's time was the engine of public processes in Russia. The western scientists brought not only knowledge, but also samples of the western public life organization. Formed in other social environment, brought up in other public relations, they did not want to accept the rules imposed on them. The claims they put to the Russian government concerned self-government of the Academy and the rights of scientists as foreigners. For twenty years scientists did not give up the attempts to win. The government did not pay attention to the demarches until 1745 when the accumulated discontent led to defiance. The scientists demanded to reform the Academy give self-government, liquidate bureaucratic institutes, provide employees with social protection, bring academic facilities in accordance with the progress requirements. The program document of the movement, December "Report" of 1745, contained the ideas far advancing that time. Despite the defeat, the Petersburg scientists' movement was, according to the author, a dramatic event in the history of the Russian and European science. It showed to the world an impressive example of fight for civil rights. The ideological banner of fight against the Russian bureaucracy was Peter I's reformatory ideas. In the article features of the historical phenomenon the author named corporate movement of scientists are investigated. Going to Russia, West European scientists did not intend, according to the author, to take part in politics. However, the circumstances they faced, forced them to change life plans and to fight for the social rights. They were not radicals in the modern meaning of this word. Their fight was not consecutive and free from mistakes. However, it is these scientists, the author claims, that should be recognized as the pioneers in democratic traditions of Russia. The fight, started by the Petersburg scientists, covered a wide social field. The Court, the Senate, the capital nobility, Petersburg commoners and foreign scientists were involved in it.


Pharmacies of Mother Farma Rawa Bening is one of the pharmacies located in the district of East OKU which aims to improve public access to drug services aimed at all segments of society, even health workers such as a physician practice clinics. These pharmacies requires good stock management in order to manage inventory to consumers appropriately. Therefore, a computerized system that is supported by the supporting method chosen to manage the process of medicines in pharmacies of Mother Farma Rawa Bening to ensure supplies can meet existing needs. One method that can be used in the management of the inventory is a method of supply chain management (Supply Chain Management). The system developed is a drug inventory information system using the concept of Supply Chain Management are making use some software like MySQL and XAMPP.


Financial panics and recessions have been an integral part of capitalism. The modus operandi of the capitalistic system is only under threat when the reckless appear to be the beneficiaries of the crisis they have caused, while the rest of society bears the burdens of their recklessness. In that case it can be said that the crisis of legitimacy is looming in the air. Some economists depending on their ideological posture claim that this can be attributed to either market failure or government failure. But this dualism conceals the underlying complexity as markets are not natural entities but the result of political decisions. A similar view is also valid for political system that creates the allocation of risk that allows markets to function. Relying on these insights this article seeks to analyse the ongoing global economic and political crisis by examining global governance failure.


Shock tunnels create very high temperature and pressure in the nozzle plenum and flight velocities up to Mach 20 can be simulated for aerodynamic testing of chemically reacting flows. However, this application is limited due to milliseconds of its test duration (generally 500 μs–20 ms). For the force test in the conventional hypersonic shock tunnel, because of the instantaneous flowfield and the short test time [1–4], the mechanical vibration of the model-balance-support (MBS) system occurs and cannot be damped during a shock tunnel run. The inertial forces lead to low frequency vibrations of the model and its motion cannot be addressed through digital filtering. This implies restriction on the model's size and mass as its natural frequencies are inversely proportional the length scale of the model. As to the MBS system, sometimes, the lowest natural frequency of 1 kHz is required for the test time of typically 5 ms in order to get better measurement results [2]. The higher the natural frequencies, the better the justification for the neglected acceleration compensation. However, that is very harsh conditions to design a high-stiffness MBS structure, particularly a drag balance. Therefore, it is very hard to carried out the aerodynamic force test using traditional wind tunnel balances in the shock tunnel, though its test flow state with the high-enthalpy is closer to the real flight condition.


Human subjectivity has been closely related to the construction of world knowledge.Rapid development of modern technology is a catalyst to the tie between them.Computer network provides the learner of foreign languages with such abundant resources and flexible learning time and space that even teacher,the traditional organizer and manipulator of language learning,retreat to be assessor and manager.Learner's subjectivity is highlighted in appearance.However,in Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL) model,the subjectivity of learner is in fact exiled in the endless linkages by hypertexts on computer network.This paper intends to prove this by a systematical reflection on the transformation of learner's roles in modern study theories and the philosophical development of the subjectivity.


Bence, Merriman, and Osher proposed an algorithm for computing the motion a hypersurface by mean curvature in terms of solutions of the usual heat equation, continually reinitialized after short time steps. In this paper, applying some techniques of asymptotic analysis for the Allen--Cahn equation, we give a rate of convergence of their algorithm for the motion of a smooth and compact hypersurface by mean curvature. We also consider the special case of a circle evolving by curvature and show that our rate is optimal.


Background: The STEP trial (Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients) showed that older hypertensive patients might benefit from a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 110 to <130 mm Hg. We examined whether this target SBP is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among elderly Chinese in real-world settings. Methods: This prospective study included 13 383 CVD-free participants aged 60 to 80 years and with SBP within 110 to <150 mm Hg at baseline. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of CVD and all-cause mortality associated with normalized SBP (110 to <130 mm Hg). Results: During a median follow-up of 13.01 years, we identified 1727 cases of CVD and 3742 deaths. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, compared with non-normalized SBP, normalized SBP was associated with a decreased risk of CVD (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.76–0.87]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.85–0.93]). Beneficial effects of longitudinal normalized SBP presented by the updated mean SBP were also observed for CVD (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78–0.93]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88–0.97]). Multiple sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions: The SBP target of 110 to <130 mm Hg recommended by the STEP trial was associated a lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality than was SBP of 130 to <150 mm Hg among elderly Chinese in real-world settings.


Objectives: This study aims to determine that the general characteristics, self-esteem, parent-child relationships, and school life adjustment differ between the Internet game addiction risk group and the non-addiction group, and identify the factors affecting the risk of Internet game addiction. Methods: Data were collected from 24 January to 17 April 2013. A total of 209 subjects were analyzed in the 4th, 5th, 6th grade of elementary school students of multicultural families in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do Province, South Korea. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in self-esteem, parent-child relationship, and school life adjustment between the Internet game addiction risk group and the non-addiction group. The factors affecting Internet game addiction risk to elementary school students in multicultural families were gender, foreign mother's country, school life adjustment in order. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider cultural sensitivity in developing Internet game addiction risk prevention program, and to grasp the Internet game addiction targeting multicultural elementary school students.


Objective To investigate the relationship between alteration of the membrane fluidity and respiration function of cervical cord cell mitochondria after cervical cord injury. Methods Cervical cord injury models were performed in cats with Allen's method. Alteration of the membrane fluidity, PLA 2 activity, respiratory control rate (RCR),P/0 ratio and oxidative phosphorylation rate(OPR) of cervical cord mitochondria were observed after cervical cord injury. Results The results revealed that PLA 2 activity of cervical cord mitochondrial membrane significantly increased following trauma as compared to the sham-operation control group( P 0.05 ), but the membrane fluidity, RCR,P/0 ratio and OPR of cervical cord mitochondria evidently decreased as compared to the sham-operation control group( P 0.05). Conclusions The results demonstrate that there is a closely corelation between PLA 2 activation and the membrane fluidity decrease of cervical cord mitochondria. The studies suggest the membrane fluidity decrease of cervical cord mitochondria play an important role in pathophysiological process of respiration function damage of cervical cord mitochondria following trauma.


Abstract In recent years, robotics is a booming technology in the field of science. The purpose of our project is to provide a hand motion controlled robot which is easy to use and handle. The hand motion controlled robotic arm, which is mounted on a robotic car, can lift a required object from a safe distance. The accelerometer controls the movement of the car and the motion of the arm. The development of accelerometer based wireless robotic arm is based on wearable accelerometers. The accelerometer is a three axis accelerometer. Accelerometers are used to measure the angular displacement of human hand motion. When it is mounted on hand glove and linked with the ARM controller, the signal transmitted by the acceleration force is sent to the ARM controller which after processing it sends to the ZigBee transmitter module through UART. The claw of the arm is operated with flex sensors. Wireless communication is obtained by ZigBee modules which are linked by ARM controller on both transmitter and receiver.


Proton exchange membrane fuel cells hold promise as energy conversion devices for hydrogen-based power generation and storage. However, the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction at the cathode imposes the need for highly active catalysts, typically Pt or Pt-based, with a large available area. The scarcity of Pt increases deployment and operational cost, driving the development of novel highly-active material systems. As an alternative, Rh-doped PtNi nanoparticle has been suggested as promising oxygen reduction catalyst, but the 3D distributions of constituent elements in the nanoparticles have remained unclear, making it difficult to guide property optimization. Here, a combination of advanced microscopy and microanalysis techniques is used to study the Rh distribution in the PtNi nanoparticles, and Rh surface segregation is revealed, even with an overall Rh content below 2 at. %. Our findings suggest that doping and surface chemistry must be carefully investigated to establish a clear link with catalytic activity can truly be established.


Many scholars have carried out a large number of studies on the factors influencing the intention of returning overseas talents based on different theories. This study integrates two theoretical perspectives at macro and individual levels, puts forward a new theoretical framework for analyzing the intention of returning overseas talents, and constructs a theoretical model including the intention of returning overseas talents, talent ecological environment of the host country, prospect expectation of home country, talent growth expectation, and perceived opportunity. Based on 302 survey samples, we used correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation, and other methods, and the results show that four variables, including talent ecological environment of the host country, prospect expectation of home country, talent growth expectation, and perceived opportunity, have a significant impact on the intention of returning overseas talents. The research also found that talent growth expectation and perceived opportunity had mediating effects, and the prospect expectation and perceived opportunity of origin had moderating effects, which provides a new research idea for the research on the factors influencing the return intention of overseas talents.


Objective To study the effect of induced hypoglycaemia on serum levels of the placental hormones oestriol, human placental lactogen, placental growth hormone and progesterone in the third trimester of pregnancy.


Water-soluble N-carboxymethylthioureidochitosan (CMTC) was synthesized by the reaction between chitosan (CTS) and ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The modified product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermal analysis. The results showed that new functional groups had been linked to amino groups of CTS molecules, and the product was more amorphous than CTS. The dispersion stability of CMTC was examined with a sedimentation test of 1 wt.% kaolin suspension in test tubes, under different concentrations and different pH. The results indicated that CMTC may be applicable for use as a novel stabilizer in neutral solution in which the concentration of CMTC is 0.5% or 1%.


Neurological research has made amazing strides in recent years. Enough is now known about what specific brain areas do to make it possible to start examining how various parts of the brain interact. What is missing is a general theory of cognition to tie all of this information together. Back in the 1980s, a cognitive theory was developed that began with a system of cognitive styles and was expanded through an in-depth study of biographies. It was discovered at that time that this theory mapped in a general way onto the brain. This cognitive theory, known as the theory of mental symmetry, has recently been tested as a meta-theory by using it to analyze a number of fields and theories dealing with human thought and behavior. This paper shows that personality traits that were discovered by mental symmetry correspond in detail to the functioning of brain regions described in current neurological papers. In brief, the cognitive model suggests that there are seven cognitive styles: There are four simple styles, and there are three composite styles that combine the thinking of the simple styles. Two of the simple styles use emotions and emphasize a circuit composed of orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, temporal lobe, and amygdala, with one in the left hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The other two simple styles use confidence and emphasize a circuit consisting of dorsolateral frontal cortex, frontopolar cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus, again with one in the left hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The three composite styles form a processing chain. The first composite style combines the two simple emotional styles and emphasizes the ventral striatum, and dopamine. This leads to the second composite style, which combines the two simple confidence styles and emphasizes the anterior cingulate, the dorsal striatum, and serotonin. This is followed by the third composite style which balances the functioning of the mind and emphasizes the thalamus and noradrenaline.


The Department of Mathematics of the University of Pécs, Pollack Mihály Engineering Faculty organized in the year 2003 a conference on the role of CAS and DGS in the Mathematics education. We discuss – based on the authors' abstracts – the conference's activities.


The construction of the inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation legal system is to coordinate the various interests involved along the route and promote the ecological civilization construction system of protection.By analyzing the characteristics of the inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation,this paper discusses the progress in the policies and regulations for the inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation,points out the problems in the law system for the inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation,and thus clarifies the idea of building the inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation legal system under the market conditions.By clarifying the aspects of compensation body and repayment body,ecological compensation standards and the building of systems and mechanisms,the paper demonstrates the specific measures for the construction of China's inter-basin water transfer ecological compensation legal system.


ABSTRACT Different technological domains have significantly different rates of performance improvement. Prior theory indicates that such differing rates should influence the relative speed of diffusion of the products embodying the different technologies, since the improvement in performance during the diffusion process increases the diffusing desirability of the product. However, there has been no broad empirical attempt to examine this effect and clarify its underlying cause. Therefore, this study reviews the theoretical basis and focuses upon empirical tests of this effect across multiple products and their underlying technologies. The results for 18 diffusing products show the expected relationship (faster diffusion for products based on more rapidly improving technological domains) between technological improvement and diffusion with vital statistical significance. The empirical examination also demonstrates that technological improvement does not slow down in the later stages of diffusion when penetration slows down. This finding indicates that the diffusion slowdown in the later stages is due to market saturation effects and not to a slowdown in performance improvement.


Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging power sources for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries. Recent studies have focused on the development of electrodes and electrolytes, with thick glass fiber separators (~380 μm) generally adopted. In this work, we introduce a new thin (~50 μm) cellulose–polyacrylonitrile–alumina composite as a separator for SIBs. The separator exhibits excellent thermal stability with no shrinkage up to 300°C and electrolyte uptake with a contact angle of 0°. The sodium ion transference number, tNa+, of the separator is measured to be 0.78, which is higher than that of bare cellulose (tNa+: 0.31). These outstanding physical properties of the separator enable the long-term operation of NaCrO2 cathode/hard carbon anode full cells in a conventional carbonate electrolyte, with capacity retention of 82% for 500 cycles. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy analysis reveals the additional role of the Al2O3 coating, which is transformed into AlF3 upon long-term cycling owing to HF scavenging. Our findings will open the door to the use of cellulose-based functional separators for high-performance SIBs.


Effects of thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPS) on the properties of HDPE/NR (70/30) blends were investigated. Tapioca starch was chosen to incorporate into HDPE/NR blends due to its abundance and biodegradability properties. However certain drawbacks, such as poor compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, tendency not to disperse during processing and affinity for moisture are factors which lower the potential of TPS based blends. TPS loadings were varied from 0 wt% to 30 wt% and incorporated into HDPE/NR blends using HAAKE rheomix 600 internal mixer. The melt blending was carried out at temperature of 150 0C with the rotor speed of 50 rpm for 12 minutes. Mechanical properties of blends were evaluated as a function of TPS loadings and the influence of blend's modification. The tensile strength showed a sharp drop on addition of TPS particle into the blends system due to the inability of TPS to support the stress transfer between phases. Few series of blend's modification have been done in order to improve the mechanical properties of the blends. TPS was treated with citric acid in order to improve the plasticization and fluidity of TPS in HDPE/NR blends. TPS can be partly depolymerised to produce low viscosity product when processed with citric acid. It is also found that TPS with low molecular weight (Mw) is easy to disperse in the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend and improve wettability at the inter phase of TPS-HDPE/NR as shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a compatibilizer was also xxviii shown to be effective in improving the tensile strength. The degree of TPS adhesion and dispersion in blends were improved in the cases of PE-g-MA compatibilized blends. The improvement in compatibilized TPS-HDPE/NR interface adhesion was clearly indicated in SEM study. In the cases of dynamic vulcanization system, two series were prepared; (a) sulphur vulcanized blends and (b) N, N'-mphenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) vulcanized HDPE/NR/TPS blends. Tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break exhibit significant improvement when HDPE/NR/TPS blends were subjected to the both crosslinkers. Moreover, SEM micrographs showed fine TPS was dispersed and well embedded in vulcanized HDPE/NR matrix. Comparison was also made based on the results of gel content, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorymetry (DSC). Generally, the improvement observed in tensile properties, blends homogeneity and thermal stability can be correlated to the crosslink formation within the NR phase.


chilblain circulation. It was very common in Italy. There were dilated vessels, and they formed little cysts in the skin. The hyperkeratosis was a secondary condition over the top of the dilated vessels. Dr. A. EDDOWES said that two essential points shonld be kept in mind in the treatment. The first was to try to soften the warty collections of epithelium, and the second was to help the circulation artificially. It would be useful for this girl to wash her hands at night in warm water, and afterwards rub into them cold cream containing boric acid to remove the horny accumulations, and to wear gloves in cold weather. The Lands should also be massaged.


That geometry of the record cutting process, necessary to an understanding of how light patterns are produced, is reviewed briefly; the method of producing light patterns on test records is described; and the salient experimental phenomena are noted. Reference is made to a solution of the problem by Richard Bierl in the Akustische Zeitschrift for May, 1940, and Bierl's results are put into a more useful form. A more general equation for the phenomenon, which reduces to Bierl's equation upon satisfying his conditions, is derived, and the accuracy of both formulae is examined.


Mathematicians rarely present proofs in all their detail; usually they give just an outline or abstraction of the proof. This paper describes our attempt to reproduce such activity within a computer proof system.


Mercury has long been recognized as a serious global pollutant that has a significant impact upon our ecosystem. Unlike most other pollutants, it is highly mobile, nonbiodegradable, and bio-accumulative and as a result has to be closely monitored to ensure its harmful effects on local populations are minimized. Approximately 50 tons of mercury particulates are emitted into the atmosphere every year by a variety of different man-made and natural sources including coal-fired power plants, solid waste incineration plants, volcanoes and forest fires. When the mercury falls back to earth it is deposited on the land and gets into the soil, river sediments and water ecosystems, where it is converted into the highly toxic organo mercury compound, methyl mercury (CH3Hg). This toxicant enters both the plant and aquatic system food chain, and eventually ends up in the crops, vegetables and seafood we consume. In addition to being ingested via the food we eat, mercury can also enter the human body through contact with the skin and by inhalation into the lungs, where it can eventually end up in the bloodstream. Atomic Absorption a p p l i c a t i o n n o t e


stenosis with a bicuspid aortic valve. Enhanced computed tomography revealed that the left upper pulmonary vein connected to the innominate vein, and the ascending aorta was enlarged ( maximum diameter of 41 mm ) . Surgical intervention was performed though median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. After achieving cardiac arrest by antegrade cardioplegia, we performed an anastomosis to connect the left upper pulmonary vein to the left atrial appendage. Then, aortic valve replacement was performed with an oblique aortotomy in the anterior segment of the ascending aorta. The aortic valve was a unicaspid aortic valve. Following completion of aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve, reduction aortoplasty was performed on the ascending aorta. The postoperative course was uneventful. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 49 : 102 - 105 ( 2020 )


The purpose of this essay was to examine which marketing tools have contributed to Uganda's accomplishments in the prevention of HIV and AIDS. We wanted to investigate whether or not marketing as a ...


The confusion surrounding the classification of the depressive states has been variously attributed to bias in methods of data collection and inappropriate means of data analysis. It has been argued that the application of corrective methods to these postulated sources of error, namely the use of self‐reported data to eliminate bias in data collection, and the analysis of this data by means of cluster analysis, should produce a more consistent outcome to studies of depressive classification.


Article is devoted to a problem of personal development, persons with limited opportunities of health by means of social tourism. Results of the international and Russian experience of the organization of social rounds are given in this article for persons with limited opportunities of health, prospect of further research.


In this paper, we focus on the design of similar physical layer for communication between DSRC(Dedicated short range Communication) and 4GLTE-A. In LTE-A /DSRC communication, physical layer design which involves all the processing performed on peak data rates (1Gbps for low mobility and 100Mbps for high mobility) of about 1000 times above than the 2G and 3G standards. By using these enabling technologies, we can combine IEEE 802.11P (DSRC) vehicular safety standards and LTE-Advanced (Rel 10) to achieve such a performance of Intelligent transportation system(ITS).


This paper reports a study in automatic sentiment classification, i.e. automatically classifying documents as expressing positive or negative sentiments/opinions. The study investigates the effectiveness of using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and Decision Tree induction on various text features to classify product reviews into recommended (positive sentiment) and not recommended (negative sentiment). Compared with traditional topical classification, it was hypothesized that syntactic and semantic processing of text would be more important for sentiment classification. In this study, five different approaches, unigrams (individual words), part-of-speech tagging, association rules, use of negation, and use of WordNet synsets (identifying a set of synonyms) were investigated. A sample of 1,800 miscellaneous product reviews was retrieved from Review Centre (www.reviewcentre.com. 2003) for the study. 1,200 reviews were used for training, and 600 for validation. Using SVM, the baseline unigrams approach obtained an accuracy rate of 81.3%. The use of WordNet synsets obtained marginally better result of 81.7%. The other text features did not yield better results. Error analysis suggests 3 approaches for improving classification accuracy: making inference from superficial words, solving the problems of "comments on parts" and "negation". Finally, Decision Tree induction was used to generate a list of indicative words that can identify the polarity of articles."


Development of predictive geological rules is vital for successful exploration and development.
The "sweet spotting" concept is widely used to predict areas with better-than-average porosity and
permeability. However the definition of sweet spots in unconventional plays is still an emerging
concept. Empirical observations from a decade of unconventional development in North America
suggest better-than-average production is governed by a combination of favorable matrix permeability,
presence of natural fractures and source-rock richness and maturity.


This paper contains the results obtained in Câmpia de Vest (Western Plain), on a typical chernozem, during a bifactorial trial. Studied was the influence of some variable nitrogen doses (N0, N75,N150) applied on a constant base of P60K80 in the case of five varieties of winter wheat, out of which Alex, Ciprian and Dropia are originally from Romania and Gegora and Dio originate from Greece. The results show the favourable effect of the nitrogen based fertilizers. They increased the yield with 22% when using a dose of N75 and with 53%, when using a dose of N150. The protein content varied for the researched field between 12,3% and 14,8%, and the quantity of protein varied between 392 kg/ha and 670 kg/ha.


This paper expounds the evolution and development of the cataloguing work under modern technology environment,analyzes some new problems occurring in the cataloguing work of the library of North China Electric Power University,and emphasizes that the cataloguing work under modern technology environment should be further strengthened.


With the development of society, people's life is flourishing, and the improvement of life quality adds many new colors to people's life. Packaging, as a primitive and modern topic, has always been an important subject for people to explore and study. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the visual elements of children's packaging design, and carries out the following analysis to promote the improvement of children's packaging design level.


The database of the name and the palatability level of each wild feeding plants from available literatures,field investigation,farmer interviews and expert advices in Weining County,Guizhou Province were built.The herbaceous and woody life forms and their feeding values were analyzed.The differences of feeding organ and palatability level of each species in this area,and the wild feed plants were divided into excellent,good,medium and bad levels.The results indicated that the wild feeing plants included 55 families,77 generas and 384 species,in Weining County,mainly from Gramineae,Leguminosae,Asteraceae,Rosaceae,Cyperaceae and other 10 families.Herbaceous and woody species respectively accounted for 76% and 24% of the total plants,and the woody/vine plants mainly distributed in Leguminosae(26 species) and Rosaceae(23 species).The feeding values of most of species of Gramineae,Leguminosae and Cyperaceae were high.Grazing animal behavior,feeding rate and ration composition of cattle,sheep and goats were different.It was pointed out that the forage shrubs with higher biological active substance could be used as the supplementary feed components or biological health care medicine additives,the mixed grazing of different livestock should be putted into grassland management practice in Weining karst area,the wild forage of medium feeding of this area could be used as the supplementary feed in winter and the utilization of natural and artificial grasslands was equivalent.


he South African Department of Trade and Industry (A¢â'¬A"DTIA¢â'¬Â ) has proposed significant amendments to the South African Competition Act (A¢â'¬A"ActA¢â'¬Â ). These amendments focus on the powers of the Competition Commission (A¢â'¬A"CommissionA¢â'¬Â ) to investigate and prosecute prohibited practices by firms operating in South Africa. The DTI was motivated by concerns expressed in Parliament about the recent spate of high profile cases involving anticompetitive conduct by companies (such as Tiger ConsumerBrands (bread) , Adcock Ingram (pharmaceuticals), and Clover (milk)) supplying basic goods to poor and vulnerable consumers.


Objective To study the effect of radiofrequency ablation combined with targeted therapy under CT and ultrasound on quality of life in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods 90 NSCLC patients at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. All of them were treated with paclitaxel,cisplatin and gefitinib,and the treatment group was added with CT or ultrasound guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Their quality of life before and 4 weeks after the treatment were compared and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results After the treatment,the allomeric function and the scores of symptom specific modules turned better( P 0. 05),and the improvement was more pronounced in the treatment group than in the control group( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in cough,chest pain,febrile,hemoptysis,pneumothorax nausea,vomit and myelosuppression between the two groups. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation guided by ultrasound and CT combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy can improve quality of life of patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.


A RISTOTLE has denned rhetoric as "the faculty of discovering jix. m the particular case what are the available means of persuasion." 1 Interpreting this definition for our purposes we may say that rhetoric is the art of discovering and using in those situations in which speaking and writing play a part, what are the most desirable means of oral and written persuasion. The term persuasion is here used in the broad sense to mean the influencing of human behavior through the use of written and oral symbols. The theory of rhetoric may be understood as the science which underlies this art, and to consist of a more or less organized system of concepts and principles, mostly philosophical and methodological in nature. These concepts and principles have been studied by countless scholars for many centuries as generalizations from examples of speaking and writing designed to improve practice in these arts. Qassical rhetoricians commonly divided their subject into five parts which they called inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria, and pronimtiatio. Inventio, the phase with which we shall be primarily concerned here, is the art of exploring the material to discover the lines of reasoning suitable for discussion in any given case. It includes the study of kinds and methods of reasoning, refutation, and fallacies; and is that part of rhetoric most closely related to logic. Says Clark, "In the practice of rhetoric inventio was thus the solidest and most important element. It included all of what today we might call 'working up the case.' " 2


The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to investigate the three-dimensional(3D) flow fields in a postpositional bulb tubular pump.In the numerical modeling,RNG k-e turbulence model and SIMPLE algorism are employed.The velocity distribution and pressure of vertical plane at BEP are analyzed,as well as the velocity of impeller outlet,guide-vane outlet and the tail of the bulb.The focus is on the static pressure distribution of blade pressure surface and suction surface as well as the relative velocity distribution near the airfoil cross-sections under different conditions(the designed condition,large and small flow rates conditions).The hydraulic losses of various components of tubular pump are also calculated,and it is found that the guide vane and bulb unit occupy major share in hydraulic losses.The comparison between the mathematical model calculation result and the model-tested pump performance data shows that the calculation result agrees well with the test data in nearby the high efficiency area;however,deviation exists between them under large flow and small flow working conditions.Using CFD method to simulate the internal flow field of tubular pump can provide the basis for further design optimization of the tubular pump.


Background/Aims
Hypoxemia is a common side effect of propofol sedation during endoscopy. Applying mild positive airway pressure (PAP) using a nasal mask may offer a simple way to reduce such events and optimize the conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.

Methods
We compared overweight patients (body mass index >25 kg/m2) with a nasal PAP mask or standard nasal cannula undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopies by non-anesthesiologists who provided propofol sedation. Outcome parameters included the frequency and severity of hypoxemic episodes.

Results
We analyzed 102 procedures in 51 patients with nasal PAP masks and 51 controls. Episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen saturation [SpO2] <90% at any time during sedation) occurred in 25 (49.0%) controls compared to 8 (15.7%) patients with nasal PAP masks (p<0.001). Severe hypoxemia (SpO2 <80%) occurred in three individuals (5.9%) in both groups. The mean delta between baseline SpO2 and the lowest SpO2 recorded was significantly decreased among patients with nasal PAP mask compared to controls (3.7 and 8.2 percentage points difference, respectively). There were significantly fewer airway interventions performed in the nasal PAP mask group (15.7% vs. 41.2%, p=0.008).

Conclusions
Using a nasal PAP mask may be a simple means of increasing patient safety and ease of examination.


In order to select depreciation plots more reasonably,based on the analysis of Hualai town,14 indieces are selected through modal analysis method and Delphi.The AHP is used to fix on index weights,and weighted-index method is used to calculate scores.Finally,the evaluation objects are divided into 4 parts by the method of cumulative curves classification.The results show that the most suitable depreciation plots are 4.14% of the total residential area,suitable ones are 6.16%,unsuitable are ones 31.91% and the most unsuitable ones are 57.79%.


By using the lens of information science discipline, this study proposes to explore the information behaviors of government officials engaging in implementing open data initiatives. Specifically, this research plans to investigate how related information needs are raised, how information-seeking activities are activated, what information sources are utilized, what processes of information seeking exist, and how obtained information is processed and used to implement open data. This study is expected to provide both theoretical and practical insights.


The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a cooperating physical education (PE) teachers programme from a cooperating teacher's perspective. Teaching practice is acknowledged as one of the most important areas of undergraduate teacher preparation. As part of a new undergraduate PE teacher education (PETE) programme, a cooperating PE teachers programme (COPET) was designed in an effort to maximize the learning opportunities for student teachers when on placement. The programme was piloted with a cohort of 26 cooperating teachers supervising 28 student teachers. Following a two-week teaching practice placement, three focus group interviews were held with 11 cooperating teachers to evaluate the effectiveness of the COPET programme. Findings indicate the cooperating teachers found the COPET programme very useful in defining their role on teaching practice. This paper presents the findings of the evaluation, and addresses some of the issues and challenges surrounding sustainability of the programme.


Soybean cake is a byproduct of soybean oil processing rich in bioactive compounds. In this study we evaluated the effect of soybean cake extracts on cell viability, cycle and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT‐29) and their stability under different storage conditions. Soybean cake from soybean oil industry (SCI) and produced under laboratory conditions (SCL) were extracted with a ternary mixture (water:ethanol:ethyl acetate), lyophilized and incubated with HT‐29 cells at concentrations (10 to 400 mg/g) from 6 to 96 h. The dry extracts were stored in freezer or room temperature (light or dark) and the following analysis were conducted at regular intervals during 120 days: spectrophotometric assays for phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins; antioxidant capacity (AC) by FRAP and TEAC assays; isoflavones and soyasaponins by LC‐DAD‐MS. SCL and SCI extracts showed high levels of phenolic compounds (12.36 and 10.45 mg gallic acid/g), flavonoids (7.24 and 9.98 mg genistein/g), saponins (224.86 and 253.99 mg/g) and AC (FRAP: 71.35 and 91.57 µmol Fe+2/g; TEAC: 105.02 and 103.90 µmol Trolox/g). LC‐DAD‐MS analysis revealed that SCI extract presented higher levels of β‐glycosylated isoflavones (3.67 mg/g) than SCL (0.72 mg/g). Aglycone isoflavones were present in higher levels in SCL extract (3.16 mg/g) than in SCI (0.82 mg/g). Both extracts reduced in a time‐dose dependent fashion cell viability when compared to control at concentrations starting from 100 mg/g. These reductions ranged from 4% to 84% and from 24% to 85% when cells were incubated with SCL and SCI, respectively. After incubation with SCL a decrease in the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase and an increase in G2/M phase was observed, as well as an increase in the apoptosis rate. After 120 days of storage, bioactive compounds' levels did not change, with the exception of FRAP values. Extracts showed anticancer effects in vitro and soybean cake is a potential source of stable bioactive compounds for in vivo studies.


Point cloud acquisition techniques are an essential tool for the digitization of industrial plants, yet the bulk of a designer's work remains manual. A first step to automatize drawing generation is to extract the semantics of the point cloud. Towards this goal, we investigate the use of deep learning to semantically segment oil and gas industrial scenes. We focus on domain characteristics such as high variation of object size, increased concavity and lack of annotated data, which hampers the use of conventional approaches. To address these issues, we advocate the use of synthetic data, adaptive downsampling and context sharing.


We survey the portfolio of computational strategies available for tackling the generic problems of phase behavior - free-energy-estimation and coexistence-curve mapping.


We propose a new accelerating concept, the chirped pulse inverse free-electron laser (CPIFEL). We study the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) accelerator both theoretically and computationally, and show that by using a femtosecond (fs), ultra-high-intensity drive laser pulse, the IFEL interaction bandwidth and accelerating gradient are increased, thus yielding large energy gains. Using a chirped pulse and negative dispersion focusing optics allows one to take advantage of the laser bandwidth and produce a chromatic line focus, maximizing the gradient. Combining these ideas results in a compact vacuum laser accelerator capable of accelerating picosecond (ps) electron bunches with a high gradient (GeV/m) and very low energy spread.


The research articles on cryptography from 1945 to 2004 were collected in this paper by using the database of web of science.A quantitative analysis was made from aspects of the quantity,authors,source journals,subjects and citation,etc..The research trends and characteristics about this subject are also described to offer some references for researchers.


The development of bronchial thermoplasty, an investigational outpatient bronchoscopic procedure for asthma, has captured the interest of the interventional pulmonologist. Promising early clinical studies have demonstrated that bronchial thermoplasty may result in an improvement in asthma control. B


fluorouracil topalliative thoracic radiation therapy (RT) ontherate andduration ofsymptomrelief inpatients withadvanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Twohundred eligible patients withNSCLC wererandomized toreceive either 20Gyinfive daily fractions aspalliation forintrathoracic disease orthesameRTwithconcurrent continuous infusion of1gm-2day-' fluorouracil for5days. Survival, response andrates ofsymptom relief inthetwogroups werecompared according totreatment intent, andtoxicities werecompared according totreatment received. Theoverall response rate washigher inpatients randomized tothecombination (29%)thaninpatients randomized toRTalone (16%)(P= 0.035). However, there werenosignificant differences between thetreatment armsintermsofoverall orprogression-free survival orinpalliation ofsymptoms. Patients treated withRT plusfluorouracil hadsignificantly moreacute toxicity, including nauseaandvomiting (P=0.01), oesophagitis (P=0.0003), stomatitis (P= 0.0005) andskin reaction (P=0.003). Thisstudy suggests forthefirst time aninteraction between RTandinfusional fluorouracil inNSCLC. Although RTplusfluorouracil resulted inasignificantly higher response ratethanachieved with RTalone, this didnottranslate into more effective palliation. Because thecombination produced significantly moretoxicity thanRTalone, itisnotrecommended forthepalliative treatment ofNSCLC.Nevertheless, these results suggest that opportunities mayexist forexploitation oftheobserved enhancement ofantitumour effect inthesetting ofhigh-dose radical RTforNSCLC.


This contribution reviews a number of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies of irradiated metals and steels of relevance to fission and fusion technology. Information obtainable by SANS measurements is recalled with special reference to the determination of the size distribution function of the microstructural inhomogeneities. The selected examples concern studies of the main kinds of radiation defects: voids, precipitates, He-bubbles. Some recent results obtained on structural materials for the "first-wall" of fusion reactors are also presented.


This paper presents a design approach, based on the idea to develop a product that allows a considerably faster diagnose of bacterial infections in the physicians office and thus, supports avoiding the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Nowadays, physicians send probes to central labs for diagnoses. These Labs usually use either manual work or microfluidic platforms. Most microfluidic platforms require expensive machinery for realizing complex motion sequences. However, there also is a costefficient alternative: centrifugal microfluidic platforms, which are also known as 'lab-on-a-disk'. In order to control flows, these disks take advantage of centrifugal forces, which can be easily regulated via rotation speed. In a first step, the technical feasibility was investigated with focus on basic designs of centrifugal microfluidic platforms for reliable controlling flows, only by regulation of rotation speed. The channel and reservoir designs were evaluated based on the results gained by physical testing of a lab-on-a-disk prototype in operation. The results and implications support the further development of a fully automated diagnostic device to be used as point-of-care.


Owing to the stochastic nature of discrete processes such as photon counts in imaging, a variety of real-world data are well modeled as Poisson random variables whose means are in turn proportional to an underlying vector-valued signal of interest. Certain wavelet and filterbank transform coefficients corresponding to measurements of this type are distributed as sums and differences of Poisson counts, taking in the simplest case the so-called Skellam distribution. We show that a Skellam mean estimator provides a Poisson intensity estimation method based on shrinkage of filterbank coefficients, and a means of estimating the risk of any Skellam mean estimator is derived in closed form under a frequentist model.


The Qianhao quartz diorites emplaced in Late Archean Se'ertengshan Group composes a part of the Late Archean granite-greenstone belt with plagiogranites. Petrochemical and geochemical research of quartz diorites shows the features I-type granites and accord with Archean high-aluminum TTG granites. They might be resulted through partial melting of different source rocks with participation of mantle magma. Five zircons selected from quartz diorites were crystallized from magma and constitute a U-Pb upper intersection age of (2535±16) Ma,which represents the crystalline age of the intrusion and providing new evidence for crustal evolution of North China Craton.


Question Answering System [QAS] generates answer to various questions imposed by users. The QAS uses documents or knowledge base for extracting the answers to factoid questions and conceptual questions. Use of Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) base gives a satisfying results to QAS, but the limitation with FAQ base system is in the preparation of Question and Answer set as most of the questions are not predetermined.QAS using FAQ base fails if no semantically related questions are found in base, corresponding to the input question. This demands an automatic answering system as backup, which generates answer especially to conceptual questions. The work presented here gives a framework for automatic generation of answers to conceptual question especially "what", "why" and "how" type for frequently asked based, Question Answering System and in terms gradually builds up the FAQ base.


A real-valued function f defined on an interval of R is said to be n-convex if all its n-th order divided differences are not negative. Let f be such a function defined in a right neighborhood of t0 ∈ R whose usual right derivatives, f (r) + , 1 ≤ r ≤ n, exist in that neighborhood and whose (n + 1)-th order Peano derivative, fn+1(t0), exists at t0. Under these assumptions we prove that f also possesses (n + 1)-th order usual right derivative f (n+1) + (t0) at t0. This result generalizes the known case for convex (that is 1-convex) functions. The latter appears in works of B. Jessen studying the curvature of convex curves and of J. M. Borwein, M. Fabian, D. Noll studying the second order differentiability of convex functions on abstract spaces.


SUMMARY Relocation cases have become more common in our increasingly mobile society. After a divorce the parent with primary residential custody of a minor child may seek to move to a new location for a new partner, spouse, job, or family. The nonmoving parent objects and the courts have to decide whether to allow the child to move. This article explores the various legal approaches taken by American courts in trying to solve these difficult custody cases. While some courts presume it is not in the best interests of a child to move, others presume that it is. The majority trend, however, appears to be toward a best interests of the child standard with no presumptions.


In a recent speech to the Natural Gas Roundtable in Washington, DC, Deputy Energy Secretary Charles Curtis warned that the future of natural gas research is in plain jeopardy. Curtis said, Competitive pressures in the private sector and budget pressures in the governmental sector are combining to cause a pulling back or deferral of needed investment that could provide the nation with important tools to blunt the effects of a growing dependency on Middle East oil. Curtis urged the gas executives in his audience to get involved with the budgets of both the Department of Energy (DOE) and The Gas Research Institute (GRI), the industry`s research funding arm. He noted that the two budgets are interrelated, arguing that if Congress concludes that the industry is not willing to support its own R and D, it will be hard for DOE to argue on behalf of federal support of gas research. Still, it may be important, before sounding too loud an alarm, to note that what`s being considered here is basic-research R and D. There is of course another element to R and D--the next phase in the product development pipeline, demonstration and deployment. Demonstration and deployment have assumed a highermore » priority. This trend could well be a positive one for local distribution companies, bringing on line some attractive new products for current and future customers.« less


This paper proposes a system for efficient monitoring and error detection in a Data Distribution Service (DDS) environment in which a large number of messages are transmitted and received. For monitoring and error detection, messages are stored in the database, and message processing is handled in parallel in order to maintain the real-time characteristics of the DDS. To avoid compromising the real-time characteristics of DDS, the monitoring functions are grouped into three priorities according to their importance, and separate queues are operated according to priority to allocate tasks to parallel processors. The system will provide an environment that can perform in-depth analysis and monitoring while maintaining the real-time characteristics of DDS.


In spite of the enormous efforts put forth by families, special educators, and mental health professionals, the individual with a learning disability has one final challenge to meet in life: social acceptance (Frengut, 2003). Today, a child with disability must be capable of gaining acceptance into a societal structure that can be cruel and rejecting at times. By definition, the person with disability already feels marginalized from mainstream society, and entry into the world community places a tremendous burden on their shoulders. As was the case in the United States before the enactment of the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (1975), (Ryndak & Alper, 1996), it is very likely that majority of children with disabilities do not receive any educational services in Kenya. These are the children and youth most likely to be denied access to the schools as they are deemed unlikely to benefit from any education or be hidden away by their parents (Dorothy, 2003). Even though parents may recognize education as a right for every child and rise above society's negative attitudes, they cannot require that schools open their gates to all children. Schools can still decide that some children are 'uneducable' and therefore do not belong in the school environment. There are bound to be challenges that schools face in the effort to fully embrace the notion of inclusive education.
 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n5p117


An air exchange device capable of adjusting a temperature difference includes: a housing, a partition, a fan, a control module and a temperature difference adjusting module. The partition is mounted in the housing and divides a room inside the housing into a first air-guiding space and a second air-guiding space. The fan is mounted in the housing. The control module is electrically connected to the fan. The temperature difference adjusting module includes a temperature regulator electrically connected to the control module. With the temperature difference adjusting module, an internal space is maintained as an environment with comfortable temperature in the air exchange process.


Abstract : Featured during the recent G-8 Summit in Scotland, Sub-Saharan Africa is attracting renewed attention at the highest levels of the U.S. government. As United States Africa policy becomes inextricable tied to U.S. energy security and the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), it becomes increasingly important to assess the U.S. military's posture in relation to American interests. One particular African sub-region that has only recently begun to capture U.S. attention is the Gulf of Guinea. In order to better protect its rapidly expanding strategic interests in the Gulf of Guinea, the United States needs to consider significant changes to its military posture in west/central Africa.


Tohen, M., Kryzhanovskaya, L., Carlson, G., Delbello, M., Wozniak, J., Kowatch, R., et al. (2007). Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1547-1556. Waxmonsky, J., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E., et al. (2008). The effi cacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and behavior modifi cation in children with attention-defi cit/ hyperactivity disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 18, 573-588.