We have surveyed the literature to evaluate approaches to the seismic two-point travel time problem in which one determines the travel time between two geometrically separated points in three dimensions in a medium with a velocity field that may vary both heterogeneously and anisotropically. Our goal here is to evaluate the various methodologies for implementation in a tool that should be fast, accurate, scalable and extensible to the most general specification of velocity field and non-Cartesian grids.


Animals given methylcellulose either intraperitoneally or intravenously develop a complex syndrome which includes splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia, anemia, reticulocytosis, leukopenia, ascites and the infiltration of various tissues and organs with storage cell macrophages containing the macromolecular substance.1'2 Renal glomeruli are characteristially affected, their endothelial cells being so swollen with incorporated methylcellulose as to resemble grape clusters. All glomeruli are involved to a greater or lesser degree."q No demonstrable pathologic effects are produced when the substance is chronically fed.5 Although glomerular hyalinization, subintimal thickening of medium-sized extrarenal arteries and atheromatosis were occasionally noted in both dogs and rabbits treated with the polysaccharide, Hueper3'4 found that chronically treated dogs developed "no appreciable change in blood pressure" during life and at necropsy showed "contracted hearts."3 The typical renal lesions were noted in this laboratory among rats receiving subcutaneous injections of hormones suspended in a methylcellulose vehicle. It was apparent that the swollen glomerular endothelium had greatly curtailed glomerular circulation. Because of the known relationship between "renal ischemia" and hypertensive cardiovascular disease, a study of the effect of experimental methylcellulose thesaurosis upon the blood pressure was undertaken. It led to the discovery that in rats sensitized to the induction of hypertension by removal of a kidney and a high sodium chloride intake, hypertension could be readily induced by injections of methylcellulose.6 The lesions observed in such animals consisted of the prmary alterations due to the accumulation of methylcellulose within organs and tissues, and secondary lesions believed to be provoked by the primary changes or by the resulting hypertension.


Introduction 'Localized' femoral vein thrombosis (FVT) is a relatively rare condition usually associated with traumas, external compression or iatrogenic etiologies and the consequence can be pulmonary embolism. Report This is the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with pulmonary emboli secondary to 'localized' superficial FVT, coupled with post-puncture arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), two days after trans-femoral vein radio-frequency cardiac ablation. After placing a temporary IVC-filter, the AVFs were sutured directly while the residual FVT was treated conservatively. Discussion Close local monitoring and adequate medical and surgical management are mandatory to avoid possible dangerous complications, also in apparently 'low-risk' iatrogenic AVFs.


Objective To explore the growth of corneal neovascularization induced by suture and alkali burn and to explore expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Methods All animals(n=75) were randomly divided into three groups: the control group(5 rabbits),the suture group(35 rabbits) and the alkali burn group(35 rabbits).Biomicroscopic features including length and area of corneal neovascularization were observed.Immunoreaction of VEGF was detected on the 1st, 2nd,3rd,5th,7th,10th an 14th day after the operations.Results Corneal neovascularization began to invade the cornea on day 3 and flourished on day 7,then reached its developmental peak on day 10,and gradually regressed after day 14.The CNV area of the suture group was significantly smaller than that of the alkali burn group.In CNV tissues,positive immune reaction of VEGF was most apparent during the 3rd to the 7th day,and then remarkably declined on the 10th day.But positive immune reaction of VEGF of the suture-induced group declined more quickly than that of the alkali burn group.Conclusion In this study,alkali burn induced more CNV,which slowly declined,and suture had better controllability for area of CNV.


The lack of a universal definition and conceptual model of store image guided the aims for this research, namely to 1) delineate the underlying structure of the store image construct; 2) formulate a definition of store image; and 3) develop a model of the underlying theoretical structure of store image. An in-depth literature review was done to specify the domain and to delineate the underlying structure of this construct. The knowledge gained was incorporated into the model of apparel store image that served as point of departure for the development of a scale to measure the importance of apparel store image dimensions.


DARPA is directing a comprehensive program to determine the causes of explosive neurological trauma. The current status of the program will be discussed.


The influence of assembly or cell heterogeneity on neutron leakage has been consistently taken into account in the TIBERE simplified heterogeneous B{sub 1} model. The assumption adopted within the TIBERE model that neutrons are specularly reflected on the boundary introduces two problems. Calculations with this model may become rather time consuming and even unnecessarily long in the case of a Canada deuterium uranium reactor cell, and the peripheral or total coolant voiding of a pressurized water reactor assembly leads to infinite leakage coefficients. These problems have been overcome by the development of another simplified heterogeneous B{sub 1} leakage model, TIBERE-2, which has quasi-isotropic reflecting boundary conditions. The TIBERE-2 model uses similar approximations as the TIBERE model and yields an iterative scheme to simultaneously compute multigroup scalar fluxes and directional currents in a heterogeneous geometry. These values enable the evaluation of directional space-dependent leakage coefficients. This new model requires the classical and directional escape and transmission probabilities in addition to the classical and directional first-flight collision probabilities calculated for an open assembly. The TIBERE-2 model has been introduced for general two-dimensional geometry into the DRAGON multigroup transport code. The numerical results obtained by DRAGON show that the TIBERE-2 model represents leakagesmore » much better than the homogeneous B{sub 1} leakage model. Moreover, the TIBERE-2 model yields results that are extremely close to those obtained by the TIBERE model with considerably shorter computing times.« less


Thispaperpresents theresults ofastudy Thefirst DSM study inOman (1998), "The carried outtoestimate theDSM energy saving potential in StudyonDemandSupplyManagementforPower commercial, andgovernment/institutional sectors ofOman SectorinSultanate ofOman",wasconducted by andevaluates itsimpact ongeneration capacity, energy JapanInternational Cooperation Agency(JICA). andpollutants savings inthemaininterconnected system. The st entifiedseverati es (JIAl The end-use (lighting and air-conditioning) energy Thestudyidentified several strategies forpotential consumption datahavebeencollected intwomajor load management (4).However,the segments ofthecommercial sector forsimplicity. Thestudy recommendations of thestudyhavenotbeen hasfound that duetoDSMthecapacity saving isabout 300 implemented since then. MW,theoverall energy saving isabout23.7TWh andC02 equivalent saving isabout13million tonsforthewhole Thispaperpresents theresults ofarecent study, planning horizon. Thetotal avoided cost ingeneration and undertaken at SultanQaboosUniversity, that capacity saving isabout 346million dollars. estimated the DSM energysavingand load management potential in commercialand IndexTerms Powerplanning, Demand-sidegovernment/institutional sectorsin Oman and management, Energy conservation. evaluated itsimpacton generation capacity and energysavings (5). Thestudyof(5)isextended to


Iron, one of the most common metals in the world, is important for organisms. It is known that at high concentrations, it damages especially organs such as liver, pancreas, heart. In our study, the effect of iron ion on the expression of the 70 kDa HSP gene family which small stress proteins was investigated in Rattus norvegicus. In this study, iron ion Fe3 + (0,87ppm, 3ppm, 30ppm, 300ppm) was given to 5 different application groups at different concentrations. At the end of this application period, a cDNA library was formed from the liver tissues taken from the living body. Using these libraries, changes in expression levels occurring in the HSP70 (Hspa1a, Hspa4, Hspa5) HSP90 (Hsp90aa1) genes were determined by Real-Time PCR method.


PURPOSE: A barium titanate nano powder with a nano-size is provided to obtain uniform crushing and dispersion effect using a high-energy mill and mixed beads. CONSTITUTION: A barium titanate nano powder with a nano-size comprises the steps of: injecting BaCO3 into a high energy mill and pulverizing two kinds of mixing beads with different particle diameters; mixing TiO2 into pulverized BaCO3, incinerating it at 850-950°C for 1.5-2 hours and again incinerating it at 950-1100°C for 0.5-1 hour.


The author summarized the characteristics of ecology and biology in both brachypters and macropters of brown planthopper,summed up the effects of ecological factors on wing dimorphism,including temperature,relative humidity,photoperiod,density of nymph,age of nymph,growth phase and plant nutrition of rice,and described the hormone adjustment mechanism and genetics theory of wing dimorphism,for the sake of providing some theoretical bases for the control of brown planthopper in paddy rice.


The recent advances in laboratory investigations on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) are reviewed. The topics covered are:①screening and selection of species of microorganisms for MEOR(principles, requirements, a convenient screening procedure, items and methods of performance evaluation, nutrients and their selection); ②mechanisms involved in MEOR (a schetch); ③simulation core experiments(installation and procedures); ④polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in researches on MEOR for bacterial species identification;⑤prospect.


The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has issued the 1994 Medicare conversion factors (CFs) for nonmedically directed CRNAs and for anesthesiologists who are Medicare participating physicians (those who accept Medicare payment as full payment and do not balance bill the patient). Separate Medicare CFs are no longer required for medically directed CRNAs. As a result of the adoption by Congress of the single anesthesia fee payment for the anesthesia care team (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993), payment for the medically directed CRNA service is determined from aformula that uses the physician anesthesiologist CE The 1994 Medicare CFs were an attachment to a November 3, 1993 memo from the HCFA national office to HCFA regional offices. The HCFA memo addresses the following issues of interest to CRNAs: 1. The 1994 Medicare CFs for nonmedically directed CRNAs and participating physician anesthesiologists. 2. The new single payment for the anesthesia care team. 3. Revisions in coding for anesthesia services. 4. The change in payment for teaching anesthesiologists supervising interns or residents. 5. Instructions on the use of anesthesia modifiers. The text of the HCFA memo and the 1994 Medicare CFs for nonmedically directed CRNAs and


A novel miniature (∼2×2×1 mm) dielectric resonator for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance experiments is presented. The resonator is based on a single crystal of KTaO3, which is excited to its TE01δ resonance mode by means of a simple iris-screw coupling. Several configurations of resonators are considered and discussed with respect to their filling factor, power conversion ratio, and optical excitation efficiency. Our findings are presented in terms of both experimental and theoretical studies. For small samples, the high filling factor of this resonator results in a signal increase by a factor of 140–800 (assuming nonsaturating conditions) as compared to a rectangular X-band cavity. The high power conversion factor (∼40 G/W), should enable one to perform pulse experiments employing power amplifiers, with ∼100-fold less peak power used for rectangular cavities. With an antireflective layer, the crystal's transparency enables efficient laser illumination of the sample in light-induced experiments.


Recently,in order to encourage enterprises to participate in the recycling utilization of resources and reduce the negative impact of productive activities on environment,Japan and many other developed countries have levied a duty on industrial wastes.The effect of various industrial waste taxes on the disposal of industrial wasters is analyzed based on Japan's experience,expecting to find some references for China to formulate its related tax policies.


Abstract We study the transition between the thick and thick disks using solar neighbourhood data, focusing in particular on the status of local metal-poor thin disk stars ([Fe/H]<−0.3 dex, [α/Fe]<0.1 dex). The orbital properties of these stars, which are responsible for the hiatus in metallicity between the two disks, suggest that they most likely originate from the outer Galactic thin disk. It implies that the transition between the two stellar populations at a solar galactocentric distance must have occurred at a metallicity of about −0.3 dex. Transition stars at this metallicity are in fact present in local samples and fill the gap in α-element between the thick and thin disks. These results imply that, at least from the local data, there is a clear evolutionary link between the thick and thin disks.


It's not easy to acquaint middle-class journalism students with the problems of poverty. It is particularly difficult here in the late '70s when poverty programs and agitation have all but disappeared, the inner cities have become isolated, and real poor people have been abstracted into numbers which appear in welfare budget reports. i tried it, however, in a public affairs reporting seminar devoted to problems of proverty and welfare. One device I used was to identify eight poverty groups and then to have the students, all seniors, research and profile each group. The groups selected were: white urban poor, black urban poor, Southern poor, the elderly poor, migrant laborers, Appalachian poor, Native American poor, and Chinatown poor. Spanishspeaking groups were not included because we did not have the manpower to research them. Each group was examined in terms of criteria decided upon early in the course. The criteria were: ( I ) the numbers in poverty-the gross number plus the percentage of the ethnic group; (2) the geographical locations; (3) the history of the ethnic group involved; (4) present circumstances with respect to crime, unemployment, and income; (5) principal concerns of the group; (6) touchiest sensitivities of the group; (7) future prospects; (8) economic pattern-what fields the upwardly mobile members of the ethnic group enter; and (9) politics -Democrat, Republican, left, right. The students presented the results of their research in oral reports. The re-


The purpose of this study is to build an integrated survey application software with android-based stunting determinants and websites to obtain a centralized baseline dataset. The application is intended to prepare centralized data on stunting determinants in the Covid-19 pandemic era, then in the direction of further research it can be developed into artificial intelligence (AI)-based stunting detection applications. Method. This research consists of two stages, the Research Stage using qualitative methods and the system development stage using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with the PADI concept (Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation). This research was conducted in several areas of Blora Regency from January to September 2021 with a total of 300 respondents and 78 questionnaire questions . Result. This research is an application of the Nutrition Status Detection System (SITEKSTAGI) based on a website and android phone with a centralized questionnaire data collection feature. Conclusion From the results of system testing, the sitekstagi application to monitor and collect questionnaires can work smoothly and well.


This study used a phenomenological approach drawing on van Manen's (1997) methods of inquiry in order to describe and interpret the meaning of what life is like for five women who have consented to donate a deceased relative's organs for transplantation. This study captures the meaning of this phenomenon in such a way that nurses and others who read this text, could develop new insights into the lives of these individuals, enabling them to implement strategies to better assist and support the family, and perhaps decrease barriers to organ donation. -- A thematic analysis of the participants' narrative descriptions identified five essential themes: the struggle to acknowledge the death, the positive outcome of the death, creating a living memory, buying time, and the significance of support networks in the organ donation decision. The integration of these themes revealed the essence of the experience as creating a sense of peace. These five themes and the essence of the experience are discussed in relation to the literature, followed by recommendations for future nursing practice, education, and research.


The goal of this paper is to find a better method for integrating the optimization problem faster, and we did so by using a relaxation of the solution area, which is one of the methodologies in the correlation between the penalty method and the Augmented Lagrange method, and we also built default properties for combining these two methods.


Satellite cells (SCs) exist amongst other cell types in a unique microenvironment within skeletal muscle. The interactions between SCs and non‐myogenic cells within this niche are poorly characterized. However, most cells behave differently in co‐culture (CC) compared to mono‐culture (MC). Our results indicate that SCs co‐cultured with preadipocytes express less myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) at 24 (p=0.04) and 48 (p=0.02) hours as well as more sprouty1 (Spry1) at 24 (p=0.04) hours post‐differentiation. Thus, SCs induced to differentiate in a CC with preadipocytes exhibit depressed myogenesis when compared with SCs in MC. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are potent modulators of cell growth. However, no studies have analyzed effects of these compounds on SCs. Administration of polyamines to SCs in MC and CC systems demonstrates that polyamines increase (p≤0.05) expression of MyoD, myogenin (Myf4), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) and decrease (p≤0.05) expression of paired box transcripton factor 7 (Pax7) and Spry1. Compared with MC, our CC system better reflects the complexity of the SC niche. Furthermore, our observation of a pro‐myogenic effect of polyamines using CC may indicate a potential natural means of enhancing myogenesis in vivo. We gratefully acknowledge the University of Idaho's Student Grant Program, the USDA NC1184 Hatch Grant and the Idaho Beef Council FY 2013 for funding.


The origins of scattering and absorption in skin and their interaction with skin architecture suggest opportunities for optical diagnostics using contrast based on optical properties.


Most people in the U.S. aged 50 and older have not been screened for colorectal polyps and cancer, despite the availability of effective screening options. Researchers in this study examined whether an 11-minute videotape, a brochure, and a chart marker increased colon cancer screening rates in a primary care setting.

Two hundred forty-nine patients (age range, 50 to 75) with …


Recommendation systems are important business applications with significant economic impact. In recent years, a large number of algorithms have been proposed for recommendation systems. We evaluate a wide range of recommendation algorithms. These algorithms include the popular user-based, simple search, collaborative filtering and item-based filtering algorithms. We have also devised a method to form clusters through split inversions.


The purpose of this study was to examine what the communication network structure is like at the stakeholder level when reporting on COVID-19 vaccination via the social media Twitter. This research method uses descriptive and quantitative data analysis techniques for social network analysis by running data collection techniques via netlytic.org and analyzing using gephi 0.9.2 software. The theory used in this study is computer-mediated communication theory. As a result, it turns out that the six attackers I contacted the most were @assumco, @ismailfahmi, @kimberley20101, @polisi_jatim, @kompascom, and @kemenkesRI. This means that the @assumco account is the most mentioned attacker in his Covid-19 vaccination news from @kemenkesRI Twitter account. Closenness Centrality has 568 perfectly positioned actors with a score of 1.0. In other words, a perfect score indicates that attackers find it easy to spread information over the network. For Eigenvector Centrality, the @kemenkesRI account has a score of 1.0. According to the Ministry of Health account, it can be concluded that this he is the opinion leader who provides the most accurate and reliable information on Covid-19 vaccination and is the most powerful and most popular player.


Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness outcome of FOLFOX regimen and XELOX regimen in the therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was used to compare FOLFOX and XELOX regimen according to pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness method.A total of 105 patients were enrolled: 69 received FOLFOX regimen and 36 received XELOX regimen.Results The C/E ratio of FOLFOX and XELOX group were 274.39 and 533.31,respectively.And the incremental cost effectiveness ratio wasn't analyzed because of the high effectiveness and low cost of FOLFOX regimen.The ADRs including nausea and disgorging had significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The cost-effectiveness of the FOLFOX regimen was superior of two regimens,but the high ADRs ratio and continue intravenous administration would depress the patient compliance.


ABSRACT: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of pentazocine in three graded doses (3, 6 and 12 mg/kg) and its combination with morphine at sub-analgesic doses, and comparing their effect with analgesic dose of morphine (1mg/kg) by tail flick method in albino rats. MATERIALS & METHODS: Tail flick method using analgesiometer and tail immersion test by hot water bath was selected for evaluating antinociceptive action of pentazocine and standard drug morphine. RESULTS: Pentazocine in the doses of 6mg/kg, 12 mg/kg intra peritoneal (i.p) and morphine 1mg/kg i.p, produced significant antinociceptive effect in comparison to control by tail flick test and tail immersion test. Pentazocine 3 mg/kg, i.p and morphine 0.1 mg/kg, i.p had not produced significant antinociceptive action when given alone, but combination (pentazocine 3 mg/kg + morphine 0.1 mg/kg) treatment produced significant antinociceptive effect in comparison to control. CONCLUSION: Pentazocine in the doses of 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg and their combination in low doses (pentazocine 3 mg/kg + morphine 0.1 mg/kg) demonstrated significant antinociceptive activity in albino rats. Combination in low doses (pentazocine 3 mg/kg + morphine 0.1 mg/kg) showed comparable antinociceptive activity with pentazocine 6 mg/kg in albino rats. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One way ANOVA and multiple comparison test (LSD) was applied only to MPE% at 60 min.


An asymmetrically dynamic coupling hysteresis (ADCH) model is proposed as an extension of the Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model to characterize the hysteretic nonlinearities in piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). When subject to two-input: dynamic excitation and external loads. In this model, the developed asymmetrically one-side play operator helps to represent the saturation, nonlinearity, and centrally asymmetric properties of PEAs employed inverse hyperbolic envelope functions. The dynamic threshold functions are put in place to characterize the width of rate-dependent hysteresis property. Introductions of continuously coupled density functions are beneficial to the cross-coupled hysteresis behaviors of external load/excitation voltage-to-expansion. Besides, the proposed ADCH model is verified to satisfy indeed the wiping-out property and equal vertical chords property, which means that it can be regarded as well-suited in modeling the complicated hysteresis nonlinearity of PEAs. Furthermore, this paper also tackles the identification issue of the proposed ADCH model by using a global research method, which possesses satisfactory accuracy without strict requirements for the initially iterative value.


Abstract : Analytical experiments were conducted to determine the spectral response of a two layer, beta-plane ocean of rectangular shape. The model provides time-dependent wind stress and bottom friction as driving forces. For damping coefficients mu is less than 10 to -8th power/sec, the dispersion relation is essentially the same as for the undamped case for wave periods of one year or less. Larger values of mu significantly after the dispersion relation for short barotropic waves, causing the corresponding branch to intersect with that of the short baroclinic waves. (Author)


Presented thesis focuses on the psychological stress of caring for patients with dementia who live in a home with a special regime. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part, characterizes the basic concepts such as old age, dementia, stress and burnout. A special chapter is then devoted to the topic of a psychological burden of workers for patients with dementia.
The subject of the practical part, which is based on the theoretical part, is to undertake analysis and evaluating of the current condition of caring for patients with dementia in terms of their psychological stress, with closer focusing on the intensity of burnout in the area
of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal satisfaction.
Data were obtained by the method of questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire consists of identification questions which relate to age, length of practice, length of practice
in a particular facility, job classification, further set of questions exploring what
the psychological stress of caring for patients with dementia.
The second part is a standardized questionnaire of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which examines the risks of burnout syndrome in 3 areas, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal satisfaction.
Research shows that among the workers of the mentioned organization there are those who are more vulnerable to the risk of burnout, which is obvious from the results
of the questionnaire MBI. Caring for patiens with dementia so they show a higher degree
of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal satisfaction. At the same time
to confirm the link between satisfaction with the work and the degree of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and length of practice in the workplace. The correlation has not been demonstrated nor between the degree of personal satisfaction and interest in further education.


Diabetic nephropathy is the most common indication for long-term renal replacement therapy. In type 1 diabetes, it is rare after less than 10 or more than 35 years of disease, while the incidence in type 2 diabetes is related to the duration of diabetes. It is characterised histologically by mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and glomerulosclerosis. Glomerular hyperfiltration is usual in the early stages of disease, and is thought to be an important mediator of the observed histological features. Hyperglycaemia-induced biochemical abnormalities, notably the formation of advanced glycation end products, overactivity of the polyol pathway, and protein kinase C activation, play a role in the pathogenesis; genetic factors are also implicated. Glycaemic control is of proven benefit in the early, often clinically silent stages of disease. When significant proteinuria and renal impairment have supervened, blood pressure control and reduction of proteinuria by means of angiotensin-conve...


Alloys of exact monotectic composition can decompose at the monotectic temperature into three different two phase microstructures. The minority phase can be arranged as fibers similar to eutectics, as string of pearls or as irregularly distributed droplets. The solidification of three Al-base monotectic alloys was investigated, Al-Pb, Al-In and Al-Bi. The solidified microstructures were characterized as a function of temperature gradient ahead of the solidification front and the solidification velocity. The experimental results are presented in form of stability diagrams for the three microstructures. The inter fiber spacing is analyzed and presented in from of Jackson and Hunt type relations. The transitions between the microstructures are discussed in view of new hypotheses for the transition from fibers to string of pearls and the origin of irregular droplets.


The proposed paper is going to review and assess the different ways of achieving more robust mooring system as requested by some operators/contractors. This review is not limited to design activities but also integrates impacts of procurement, transport, installation and operation phases onto the overall integrity of such mooring system. In addition the benefits of proper Asset Integrity Management System associated with Inspection and Monitoring programs throughout the life of the installation will be highlighted. Also identifications of some key areas will be presented, such as corrosion, where a better understanding/knowledge of the involved phenomena will lead to a noticeable improvement of Integrity. Finally the paper is going to compare variations in the design of a mooring system based on different levels of design reliability target, for two typical mooring systems in Cyclonic area.


There is an urgent need to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels, and to reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In recent years, a conversion of lignocellulosic
biomass from agricultural wastes to biofuel has been considered a promising solution
to provide sustainable liquid fuels without competing with food production. At
present, this is limited by the cost effectiveness of the production process, due to the
recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to digestion. One way to tackle this problem
is to improve the digestibility of the biomass feedstock itself, which would help to
decrease chemical and enzyme treatments necessary for converting biomass to
fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. With this objective in mind, the aim of
this study is to identify genes that affect the digestibility of rice straw. Rice (Oryza
sativa), the third biggest cereal crop in the world, has a small diploid genome, and
well-developed molecular genetic tools to underpin the use of Genome Wide
Association Studies (GWAS), a powerful tool for identifying quantitative trait loci. The genotypic data of 151 varieties, containing 328,915 Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism (SNPs), was analysed together with the phenotypic data from three
different cell wall characterisation assays: (1) saccharification, (2) total lignin
content, and (3) silica measurement by by X-ray fluorescence. This resulted in the
identification of 10 significant QTL for saccharification potential, 3 significant QTL
for Silica content, and 8 significant QLTs for total Lignin. The digestibility QTL
regions identified include three strong potential candidate genes which determine on
digestibility: OsAT10 (Bartley, et al., 2013); OsIRX9 (Chiniquy, et al., 2013); and
OsMYB58/63-L (Noda, et al., 2015). A strong correlation between silicon content
and digestibility was also identified. A QTL in chromosome 6 occurred in both
GWAS for digestibility and silica, and revealed a contrasting bi-allelic effect
between the amounts of sugar released and silica content. The OsAT10 gene, located
in this common QTL region was validated using the straw from overexpression lines,
showing that OsAT10 had large effect on both silica content and digestibility.


Abstract Appreciative of the points made by all four commentators, William Connolly seeks to clarify some issues and modify a few positions taken in his book Capitalism and Christianity, American Style (2008). Philip Goodchild's account of "resonance" is superb, but I hesitate over his tendency to argue that the demise of capitalism is inevitable. Catherine Keller deepens the theological issues pursued in my book, as she shows additional ways to open "theopoetic" connections between those who pursue deep, multidimensional pluralism. David Howarth makes important links between my position and that of Ernesto Laclau, and he joins me in resisting those who eschew engagement with the state as they fight off the neoliberal/evangelical machine. I use the occasion of this dialogue to explore further the relations between conceptions of immanence and those of transcendence. Kathy Ferguson admirably shows how the experience of grief by evangelical women opens a possible door to engagements of agonistic respect. In each engagement I try to follow some of the suggestions and to add a couple of my own.


This work presents the design and manufacture process of a compact Wilkinson power divider for C-band applications, in Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line (ESICL) technology. The manufactured components in this novel hybrid technology have great bandwidth performance, as well as excellent integrability and power management, in addition to low weight, volume and loss. Due to the particular topology of the Wilkinson power divider, its implementation in coaxial technology presents some practical issues to be addressed. Moreover, in order to achieve reliable measurements, a TRL calibration kit has been developed to compensate the spurious effects of connectors and feeding lines. In this way, a Wilkinson power divider in ESICL technology and its corresponding TRL calibration kit, have been designed and manufactured. Experimental results of the prototype are in good agreement with full-wave simulations.


【Objective】 To compare the food intake pattern between rural toddlers and city toddlers for improving the nutrition status of rural toddlers. 【Methods】 85 healthy toddlers aged 18~24 month had been recruited in this study.43 were rural toddlers(female 24,male 19) and 42 were city toddlers(female 16,male 26).Consecutive five days' food intake had been recorded for dietary analysis,growth assessment by anthropometry in all toddlers,hemoglobin and serum zinc concentrations had been measured in rural toddlers. 【Results】 The growth development were delayed and the mean hemoglobin and serum zinc concentrations were at the low levels in rural toddlers.The food intake pattern had significant difference between rural and city toddlers.The rural toddlers mainly relied on the plant food,and the city toddlers had more animal food.The intakes of total energy,calcium,iron,and zinc were lower in rural toddlers than in city toddlers.However,the energy intake for weight was similar between two groups. 【Conclusions】 The lower animal food intake is the main reason for lower calcium,zinc,and iron intake in rural toddlers,so the key for improving the nutrition status is to increase the animal food intake in rural toddler.


Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells with capabilities of self-renewal and differentiation potential and have been suggested to play a critical role in tumor-initiation, metastasis, and multidrug resistance. The marker genes used to identify CSCs in CRC and transcriptional state of these cell is not fully elucidated due to the plasticity and dynamic nature of CSCs. In this study, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on primary CRC and liver metastases from CRC to evaluate the CSC population. We profiled approximately 80,000 single cells from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treated patients generated using 10X Chromium scRNA-seq and Illumina platforms. A total of 16 samples were analyzed (5 colon tumor, 3 colon matched normal, 3 liver metastasis, 5 liver matched normal), 4 samples failed quality control and were excluded. Following extensive quality control and batch effect correction, we performed dimensionality reduction and differential expression analysis with Seurat v3.0 and custom R packages. We used a set of 11 canonical colon CSC marker genes (CD44, PROM1, LGR5, LRIG1, ASCL2, EPHB2, OLFM4, AXIN2, SLC12A2, RNF43, LEFTY1) as CSCs signature to score the stemness of each cell by AddModuleScore. Established marker genes were used to identify cell type assignment including stem/TA, immature enterocytes, immature secretory, enterocytes, Best4 enterocytes, goblet, tuff, CD4, CD8, Treg, NK, B, plasma, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, endothelium, glia, pericytes and hepatocytes. In the 16,703 epithelial cells, the CSC signature genes were diffusely expressed in stem/TA and immature epithelium but not in a specific cell cluster. There was minimal overlap in expression of the 11 CSC marker genes at the single-cell level. By clustering the CSCs identified by high CSC signature score, we found CSCs grouped distinctly by patients, indicating significant patient to patient variability. Furthermore, CSCs did not cluster by positivity for any specific marker gene, suggesting that marker genes may just be markers, and do not define distinct transcriptional states. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed intestinal stemness was significantly enriched (FDR < 0.01) in CSCs compared with non-CSCs. Comparing CSCs to stem cells from normal samples, suppression of the fatty acid metabolism pathway was the only common feature seen in CSCs from each tumor. The heterogeneity of CSC marker genes in CRC tumor cells suggests that defining CSCs by single or few marker genes is inadequate. GSEA verified that a CSC scoring system aggregating expression of 11 canonical colon CSC marker genes can identify CSCs from scRNA-seq. There is marked transcriptional heterogeneity in CSCs, with few common features from CSCs from different tumors. It is hoped that future study of how the diversity of CSCs states evolve under chemotherapy will shed light on overcoming chemo-resistance.
 Citation Format: Kangyu Lin, John Paul Shen. Elucidating cancer stem cells heterogeneity in colorectal cancer by single-cell RNA sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6066.


Fitness landscapes reflect the adaptive potential of viruses. There is no information on how fitness peaks evolve when a virus replicates extensively in a controlled cell culture environment. Here we report the construction of Self-Organized Maps (SOMs), based on deep sequencing reads of three amplicons of the NS5A-NS5B-coding region of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A two-dimensional neural network was constructed and organized according to sequence relatedness. The third dimension of the fitness profile was given by the haplotype frequencies at each neuron. Fitness maps were derived for 44 HCV populations that share a common ancestor that was passaged up to 210 times in human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells. As the virus increased its adaptation to the cells, the number of fitness peaks expanded, and their distribution shifted in sequence space. The landscape consisted of an extended basal platform, and a lower number of protruding higher fitness peaks. The function that relates fitness level and peak abundance corresponds a power law, a relationship observed with other complex natural phenomena. The dense basal platform may serve as spring-board to attain high fitness peaks. The study documents a highly dynamic, double-layer fitness landscape of HCV when evolving in a monotonous cell culture environment. This information may help interpreting HCV fitness landscapes in complex in vivo environments. IMPORTANCE The study provides for the first time the fitness landscape of a virus in the course of its adaptation to a cell culture environment, in absence of external selective constraints. The deep sequencing-based self-organized maps document a two-layer fitness distribution with an ample basal platform, and a lower number of protruding, high fitness peaks. This landscape structure offers potential benefits for virus resilience to mutational inputs.


The technology of building monolithic movement is widely used increasingly because it has many advantages, such as low cost, short period and environmental protection. By means of the monolithic movement of frame structure of some teaching building ,under the situation that do not destroy the whole of structure and the function of structure the key technology scheme is introduced,which can offer the technological reference to the simlar movement of buildings.


conformation, the latter, however, ex- hibiting a deviation from rigid planarity. Only inter- molecular hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal state. The solution conformational analysis, performed by infrared absorption and CD, has revealed that the amount of intramolecular N-H


The aminolyses of diphenyl phosphinic chloride (1) with substituted anilines in acetonitrile at 55.0 o C are investigated kinetically. Large Hammett ρ X (ρ nuc = –4.78) and Bronsted βX (β nuc = 1.69) values suggest extensive bond formation in the transition state. The primary normal kinetic isotope effects (kH/kD = 1.42-1.82) involving deuterated aniline (XC6H4ND2) nucleophiles indicate that hydrogen bonding results in partial deprotonation of the aniline nucleophile in the rate-limiting step. The faster rate of diphenyl phosphinic chloride (1) than diphenyl chlorophosphate (2) is rationalized by the large proportion of a frontside attack in the reaction of 1. These results are consistent with a concerted mechanism involving a partial frontside nucleophilic attack through a hydrogen-bonded, four-center type transition state.


The dynamic behavior of the LMS (least mean square) algorithm is analyzed for an important class of nonstationary desired and input signals. Differential equation analysis is used to model the LMS algorithm and predicts in closed form the performance for signal sets that are members of the exponential family, such as damped sinusoids and phasors. The analysis provides new insight into the use of adaptive processing in applications where signals are primarily sinusoidal in nature, such as radar, sonar, and other communication areas.<<ETX>>


The research was carried out to get an overview of the extent to which the level of school readiness in applying knowledge management so that the utilization of information technology can bring many benefits in all aspects for the Betterment of mankind. So that the knowledge can be used to its full potential, then the school is in need of a system that is capable of managing knowledge is often called knowledge management system. Through this system, members of the school can exchange knowledge with each of the parties who are in school, so as to provide benefits like the idea, the idea to new innovations that can provide improved performance in school. This measurement is done by typing a few Knowledge Management Critical Success Factor into the aspects of Knowledge Management including aspects of Abstrarct, Soft and Hard. From the results of the analysis of the data, then it can be inferred that the JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Muhammadiyah 1 Pringsewu are at level 3 (Knowledge-Enabled), which means that the Organization has been ready to do the application of knowledge management. Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Knowledge-Enabled


Growth and nutrient accumulation in Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) under varying levels of nitrogen, were examined in a field experiment. Sixty-three-day-old plants were supplied with varying levels of nitrogen of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha soil. Maximum biomass and seed yield were recorded at 30 and 60 kg N/ha. The soil nitrogen level, 90 kg/ha, proved to be ineffective in promoting growth of Kalonji. Accumulation of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in both shoots and roots of Kalonj increased consistently with increase in soil nitrogen. However, this pattern of increase in the levels of 3 nutrients in plant tissues had a negative association with the growth of the crop, particularly at the supra-optimal nitrogen levels (60 and 90 kg N/ha).


Evidence continues to mount that small metal clusters may serve as useful models for understanding the properties of larger metal-containing heterogeneous catalysts. One recent piece of evidence comes from the work with cobalt-oxygen clusters by Royal B. Freas at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., and Joseph E. Campana of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 108 , 4659 (1986)]. The chemists have examined the reactions of two types of cobalt-oxygen cluster ions with isobutane. One set of clusters has equal numbers of cobalt and oxygen atoms. Members of the second set are oxygen deficient—they contain one fewer oxygen atoms than cobalt atoms. The clusters are formed by first bombarding a cobalt metal foil with an energetic beam of xenon atoms in a technique known as fast atom bombardment. The resulting metal cluster ions react with molecular oxygen at high pressure and are analyzed by mass spectroscopy using collision techniques. When these ...


In creating an avatar, consumers can find out for themselves their own sizes to be entered. Also, putting in a face creation main-page menu option enables clients to make up their faces and match them to their bodies. Through this process when purchasing clothes through the internet consumers can enter their own body sizes and create avatars that are identical to their body shape. The uniqueness of developed prototype is that it creates an avatar similar to one's body shape according to body size inputs and demonstrates visually to customers the on-line comfort test which was only available off-line traditionally. The avatar follows the movement of mouse from left to right which enables 3 dimensional visualization. Through maximizing the visual effect this research focuses on enabling consumers to feel subjective parts as if they are off-line. This study seeks to provide a type of prototype of an online shopping mall that meets the demand of the consumers using the 3D avatar.


review of records work-up of The hiccups acutely 2 trig-gered by the hiccups a 50-lb weight loss, of new erosive esophagitis pump inhibitor therapy. aspiration with for work-up of the hiccups included a high-resolution chest computed scan, showed mild mediastinal lymphadenopathy as well as pulmonary, hepatic, and splenic lesions consistent with his known sarcoidosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal.


The main focus of this dissertation is to empirically test a number of assumptions of simple monetary models of the balance of payments using annual data on sixteen Latin American countries. The usual assumption of rapid price arbitrage is shown not to hold for most of these countries. Moreover, by using the technique developed by Granger, it is shown that the domestic rate of inflation is not an exogenous determinant of the respective official settlements balance of payments for most of these countries. Therefore, single equation models of the balance of payments which use the domestic rate of inflation as a regressor suffer from simultaneity bias. In addition, estimates of the demand for real cash balances per capita indicate a stable relationship for all countries.


Background: Positron emission tomography / computed tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) is widely accepted for staging and for end treatment assessment in patients with DLBCL, and has demonstrated to have prognostic impact when used to evaluate early response to chemotherapy (CT) in this group of patients. In the last years, many changes in the way of interpreting PET/CT have been proposed, both for interim and for end of treatment (Barrington SG, J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3048-3058) We present preliminary data of the first Spanish centralized PET/CT review in a Phase 2 randomized trial in young patients with poor prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which compares 6 cycles of RCHOP versus 6 cycles of a modified RCHOP regimen, Bortezomid-R CAP (BRCAP). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01848132. The main objective is to evaluate concordance between reviewers in interim and final PET, in order to stablish the best criteria for PET/CT assessment. PET2 ability to predict PET4 result is also analyzed. Methods: A blinded, prospective, centralized review in real time of PET/CT images was realized by the GELTAMO PET network. For each patient, images of basal (PET0), interim PET2 and PET4 and final PET after completion of chemotherapy (PET 6) were sent to a central platform, and then analysed by the review panel composed of seven expert nuclear medicine physicians. PET2 and PET4 were interpreted visually based on Deauville criteria (considering scores 4 and 5 as positive), and also semiquantitavely (considering a positive PET2 when ΔSUVmax≤66% and a positive PET4 when ΔSUVmax≤70%). PET6 was interpreted following Deauville criteria. Final result of every PET/CT was defined as positive or negative by the central review panel. When discordance between visual and semiquantitative analysis was found in interim PET, semiquantitative method was determinant of final result. A positive PET4 result determined dropped out from trial. Concordance between all readers was analysed using Cohen9s kappa coefficient. Results: Of the first 76 patients that underwent PET/CT, 64 patients completed PET0, PET2 and PET4; 34 patients underwent PET0, PET2, PET4 and PET6. In the central review, 44/64 patients (69%) were PET2(-) and 20/64 (31%) were PET2(+); 44/64 (69%) were PET4(-) and 20/64 (31%) PET4(+); 21/34 (62%) were PET6(-) and 13/34 (38%) were PET6(+). We found 43 patients with negative PET2 and PET4, 19 patients with positive PET2 and PET4, 1 patient with positive PET2 and negative PET4, and 1 patient with negative PET2 and positive PET4. PET2 result was predictive of PET4 (p Concordance between reviewers for PET2 using visual assessment was good (median kappa=0,74) and very good using semiquantitative analysis (median kappa: 0,83). Concordance between reviewers for PET4 using visual assessment was good (kappa=0,72) and very good when semiquantitative analysis was used (median kappa=0,87). For PET6, concordance between readers was moderate (kappa=0.45). Conclusion: In this homogeneus group of patients, a centralized semiquantitative analysis of interim PET after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy improves concordance between readers in comparison with visual analysis. When semiquantitative method is used, PET2 is predictive of PET4 result. In the same way, visual analysis of PET6 using Deauville criteria seems to have a worse concordance between readers, but more patients need to be analyzed to confirm this result. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper describes the implementation of a computer system that processes Lushootseed word forms. Built on the two-level model and leveraging finitestate technology~ the system is able both to parse surface forms to arrive at the underlying morphemic decomposition, and to generate surface forms given such a representation. Components of the system are discussed including the lexicon architecture, rule formulation and specification, and the word-structure grammar. Issues relevant to processing Lushootseed are discussed including reduplication~ allomorphic variation, inflectional and derivational affixation, and morphophonemic alternations.


Infancy is a stage where growth and development are very fast, from the baby's birth until he is one year old. The baby's developmental age is divided into 2, namely, neonates from birth to 28 days old and babies from 29 days to 12 months. This study aims to see the effect of infant massage on growth in infants. This research method uses a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test research approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. There were 26 samples in the study between the ages of 0-12 months. Data analysis was used univariately and bivariate using the Wilcoxon pre-test -post-test. Obtained a p-value of 0.025 (p <0.05) means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It can be concluded that there is an influence between Baby Massage on growth in infants in the Simpang Baru Health Center work area. It is recommended for mothers who have babies to be able to massage the baby as often as possible because the mother's touch can increase the baby's growth.


In order to carry out an exhaustive investigation of the theme, the analysis of the problems was resorted to by referring to certain doctrinal points of view, evaluating and synthesizing some aspects in the field of technique and tactics of the tracking bodies. I used the inductive method as the main method because science uses experience as a means of confirming its conclusions and hypotheses. For the study of the theme, its complexity was taken into account, for which a combination of some classic research methods with some new method,s was preferred. Thus, direct observation was used to underline the importance of the methods/tactics/rules that must be followed so that the mission of tracking people can be a success. Indirect observation was used by appealing to some clear and well-written previous findings in the studied subject. Other methods used throughout the elaboration of the paper include: - the sociological method necessary for the collection, analysis and interpretation of information; - the documentary research undertaken at some police headquarters in order to fully understand the techniques and tactics of the investigative bodies; - the documentary research undertaken at the headquarters of the local police units to reveal the number of files, which were solved with the help of tracking techniques; - indirect research.


This study was carried out in order to report on existing morbidities in the development of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC) surgery. The purpose of the study is also to design guidelines for the monitoring and early intervention of these conditions. A quantitative study (N=30), based on the following inclusion criteria: age, type of CHD and surgery by ECC, located in an age range of 11 to 42 months, was made. The motor, cognitive and language development was evaluated with help of the Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Bayley-III. The results highlight that the participants present morbidities in the communicative-linguistic and the motor areas. There are biomedical indicators (age) in the maturational development. In order to normalize their development the children would need to participate in early intervention programs (EIP). The conclusion is that this population needs early intervention (EI) and interdisciplinary protocols for detection, screening and intervention that, on this time, are not available.


Authors Mrs Trupti S. Bhosale, Dr Satish V. Kakade KIMSDU, Karad Abstract Need of the study: One of the important factors influencing a successful delivery of palliative health care is the health care professionals' knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and experiences, which determine not only their procedure but also their behavior during evaluation and treatment of patients. Nurses play most valuable role in care of terminally ill patients. Along with nurses or health care workers, there is a real need that the care givers of terminally ill patients should also have the required proper knowledge about how to take care of the patients. Hence the aim of this study was to know about the awareness among care givers of terminally ill subjects at a tertiary care hospital which would help the care givers to enhance their knowledge. Objectives: The objectives of this study were 1. To assess the awareness of care givers regarding care of terminally ill subjects. 2. To find association between awareness and selected demographic variables. Material & Methods: Used for the study is the evaluative approach with only study group. Study was conducted on sample of 25 care givers of the terminally ill patient. The data were collected by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of care givers 21 (84%) had average level of awareness towards the care of terminally ill subjects, whereas 1 (4%) of care givers had good level of awareness and 3 (12%) of care givers had poor level of awareness towards care of terminally ill subjects. Overall there was average awareness in care givers towards care of terminally ill subjects. Conclusion: There was significant association was found between education and awareness of care givers towards care of terminally ill subjects. On-going teaching and health education programs can further improve the awareness of care givers towards care of terminally ill subjects.


: I suggest a solution to a con fl ict between semantic internalism – according to which the concepts one expresses are determined by one ' s use of representations – and publicity – according to which, if two subjects successfully communicate or are in genuine agreement, then they entertain thoughts constituted by the same concepts. My solution rests on the thesis that there can be successful communication and genuine agreement between thinkers employing distinct concepts as long as there is a certain relation (of conceptually guaranteed sameness of extension) between them. In section 2, I motivate semantic internalism and show how it con fl icts with publicity. In section 3, I carve the logical space of possible solutions to the con fl ict into liberal and conservative solutions. Section 4 assesses Wikforss ' s conservative solution to Burge ' s arthritis thought-experiment and concludes that it fails for more than one reason. Section 5 introduces a new case study involving a deferential concept. This case serves as the backdrop for my positive account offered in section 6. The conclusion of the article is preceded by a comparison of my view with another recently proposed by Recanati (section 7) and some replies to possible objections (section 8).


The CMS experiment at the LHC is a general-purpose apparatus with a set of large acceptance and high granularity detectors for hadrons, electrons, photons and muons, providing unique capabilities for both proton-proton and ion-ion collisions. The data collected during the November 2010 PbPb run at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV was analyzed and multiple measurements of the properties of the hot and dense matter were obtained. Global event properties, detailed study of jet production and jet properties, isolated photons, quarkonia and weak bosons were measured and compared to pp data and Monte Carlo simulations. The LHC first produced collisions of heavy-ions in November of 2010. Lead ions were accelerated to a nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of √ s NN = 2.76 TeV, a factor of roughly 14 times higher than previously achieved in laboratory experiments. Nuclear interactions at these energies were expected to produce a hot and dense system with a significantly higher temperature and a significantly longer duration than at RHIC. The CMS detector was used to study the properties of the matter created in this new regime. CMS is a general purpose particle detector very well suited to study high energy nuclear collisions[1]. High precision tracking and calorimetry with fine granularity are augmented with a sophisticated multi-level triggering system. The initial analysis of CMS heavy-ion data revealed information ranging from global particle production, which is related to the initial state formed in the collision, and various observables sensitive to the hydrodynamical expansion of the system, to detailed probes of the produced medium by studying the propagation of a broad range of particles. More details on the analysis of specific results can be found in the proceeding on global properties of charged particle production[2], high multiplicity[3, 4] and HBT[5] in pp collisions, elliptic flow [6, 7], dihadron fluctuations [8, 9, 10], charged particle RAA [11, 12], jet quenching and fragmentation [13, 14, 15, 16, 17], photons [18], quarkonia suppression [19, 20, 21, 22, 23] and weak bosons [24, 25]. The CMS detector incorporates a broad suite of high precision subsystems which were originally optimized for very high energy pp collisions but which also provide unprecedented capabilities for studying nuclear collisions. The inner tracker consists of 3 layers of silicon pixel detectors placed close to the interaction region followed by ar X iv :1 10 7. 28 95 v1 [ nu cl -e x] 1 4 Ju l 2 01 1


Since the late 1990s, China has been implementing one of the largest ecological restoration initiatives in not only the country but also the world—the Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP). An overarching question is how severe the regional deforestation had become before the NFPP was initiated and whether the forest condition in the protected area has significantly improved afterwards. The goal of this study was to assess the land use and land cover changes (LULCC) and the interplays between different land uses in northeast China from the late 1970s to 2013. Classification results were validated through accuracy assessments using the rule-based rationality evaluation scheme and the spatially balanced sampling method. It was found that the regional forestland suffered significant and persistent decline, about 20.4% loss, before 2000 when the NFPP was launched; thereafter, however, the forestland became gradually stabilized and reforestation became more prevalent. Further examination based on extended conversion matrixes revealed that the largest proportional decline came from wetland, instead of forestland, due to farmland encroachment.


W step into the year 2015 with important developments at the editorial office of the journal. We are happy to announce the setting up of the International Editorial Office of Ancient Science of Life (ASL) in Europe. This is a significant milestone in the journey of ASL in networking with and engaging scientists, academicians and practitioners to further the dialog and scientific debate on integrating and positioning Ayurveda in the global health care scenario. The International Editorial Board of ASL is constituted by a group of high profile academicians from diverse backgrounds. Heading the editorial office is Antonio Morandi, MD, a successful Neurologist from Italy who now practices only Ayurveda. He brings with him a rich experience of insights in interfacing Ayurveda and conventional medicine. The board composes of eminent personalities such as Daniel Furst, MD, who is an accomplished rheumatologist from the University of California, Los Angeles, United States and was the lead investigator in the first ever National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nereo Bresolin is a renowned Neurologist at the University of Milano, Italy and is currently involved in a study to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurveda in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Valdis Pirags MD, is Diabetologist at the University of Latvia and is presently engaged in a study evaluating the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment in Diabetes mellitus. Antonella Delle Fave, MD is Clinical Psychologist at the University of Milano, Italy and also trained in Ayurveda. She has looked at the concept of the constitution in Ayurveda and its clinical assessment. Vijayendra Murthy, MD in Ayurveda is based in London and is engaged in CAM research and teaching of Ayurveda in New Zealand and Australia. Anand Dhruva, MD is an Oncologist at University of California, San Francisco, trained in Ayurveda and engaged in research on breast cancer and Ayurveda. Paolo Roberti di Sarsina, MD, is Chairman and founder of the Charity Association for Person Centered Medicine. Carlos Chesta, MD is engaged in teaching and research on Ayurveda at Rosario Argentina and Jorge Luis Berra, MD is also engaged in Ayurveda teaching and research at Buenos Aires, Argentina.


BACKGROUND
To analyze the relationship between the expression of calcium binding protein (S100A12), calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR), and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) in the synovium of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and angiogenesis.

METHODS
The clinical data of 92 patients with KOA admitted to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from February 2019 to May 2020 were collected (KOA group, Kellgren-Lawrence staging: 23 cases of grade 2, 49 cases of grade 3, and 20 cases of grade 4). In addition, 87 cases of patients with normal knee cartilage that were not involved during the same period of treatment in this hospital were selected. The expressions of S100A12, CaSR, IL-7R, and microvascular density (MVD) were compared among different populations, and the correlation between S100A12, CaSR, IL-7R, and MVD, and its diagnostic value for KOA were analyzed.

RESULTS
The values of S100A12, CaSR, IL-7R, and MVD in the KOA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the values of S100A12, CaSR, and IL-7R in grade 4 patients were significantly higher than those in grade 2 and 3 patients (P<0.05); S100A12, CaSR, IL-7R, and MVD were all positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of S100A12, CaSR, and IL-7R for KOA diagnosis was 0.982, 0.929, and 0.899, respectively. The Youden index was 0.630, 0.835, 0.739, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The expression levels of S100A12, CaSR, and IL-7R in the synovium of KOA are significantly up-regulated, and they are closely related to angiogenesis.


The general formula [I] [In the formula, Piperidine derivatives represented by] provides antagonists of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor as an active ingredient. The compounds act as antagonists of melanin concentrating hormone receptor, central diseases, circulatory diseases, it is useful as a medicament for metabolic diseases.


Diplazoptilon is a monotypic genus belonging to the Saussurea group (Asteraceae, Cardueae). We undertake micromorphological and molecular studies to discuss the systematic position of this genus. The achene of Diplazoptilon picridifolium is obconical, 4-angled, with a small crown on the apical rim. The pollen of D. picridifolium are spheroidal, narrowly tricolpate, with the exine reticulate and shortly spinulate. The micromorphological characters of D. picridifolium are well in accordance with those of the genus Saussurea . Our molecular analyses demonstrate that Diplazoptilon and Saussurea form a strongly supported clade. Taking into account the great similarities in achene, pappus and pollen morphology between Diplazoptilon and Saussurea , it is reasonable to merge Diplazoptilon with Saussurea . From our molecular work and the gross-morphological characters, D. picridifolium should be a member of Saussurea subgen. Saussurea sect. Strictae . There are more than one species with a plumose outer pappus in the genus Saussurea , and the occurrences the plumose outer pappus in the genus Saussurea may have had parallel origins.


Background. Traditionally, open biopsy has been considered the optimal procedure for the diagnosis of breast nodules. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been proposed as an alternate method for the diagnosis of many palpable breast lesions.


A multiple fuel burning system that may be employed in conjunction with a furnace includes a first annular tubular conduit connected to a source of pressurized fluid and a second annular conduit concentric with the first annular tubular conduit and coupled to a source of pressurized fuel. A third annular tubular conduit is also included that is concentric with the first and second tubular conduits but of a lesser diameter so as to be within the first and second annular tubular conduits. The third annular tubular conduit is connected to a source of heat retaining liquid such as water or the like. The first, second and third tubular conduits define an elongated combustion chamber with three nozzles mounted at one end. Two of the three nozzles are connected to a source of combustible fuel such as fuel oil. The third nozzle may be connected to a source of pulverized combustible fuel.


The effect of metal ions (Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), La(III), Fe(III)) on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) were investigated at 25±0.1°C, μ = 0.1 M (KNO3), using conductivity method in this paper. A series of general empirical expressions about the relationship between the CMC values for SDS and CTAB and the concentrations of metal ions have been derived. The results showed that the CMC values for both SDS and CTAB decreased with increasing the concentrations of metal ions. This can be interpreted by the counterion effect and the entropy driving effect.


Micogravity, as experienced during prolonged space flight, presents a problem for space exploration. Animal models, specifically tadpoles, with altered connections of the vestibular ear allow the examination of the effects of microgravity and can be quantitatively monitored through tadpole swimming behavior. We describe an image analysis framework for performing automated quantification of tadpole swimming behavior. Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion is used to smooth tadpole image signals by diffusing noise while retaining edges. A narrow band level set approach is used for sharp tracking of the tadpole body. The use of level set method for interface tracking provides an inherent advantage of using level set based image segmentation algorithm (active contouring). Active contour segmentation is followed by two-dimensional skeletonization, which allows the automated quantification of tadpole deflection angles, and subsequently tadpole escape (or C-start) response times. Evaluation of the image analysis methodology was performed by comparing the automated quantifications of deflection angles to manual assessments (obtained using a standard grading scheme), and produced a high correlation (r2 = 0.99) indicating high reliability and accuracy of the proposed method. The methods presented form an important element of objective quantification of the escape response of the tadpole vestibular system to mechanical and biochemical manipulations, and can ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the effects of altered gravity perception on humans.


Kodu made by MS is a new 3D visual programming language made specifically for creating games. This language is based on creativity, problem-solving methods, and storytelling. So, it is very suitable for game programming education for kids. In this paper, we designed learning method to develop games based on elementary school students` creative thinking. The instruction was given to 27 6-grade elementary school students in 30 hours. And we applied the learning method in class. Also, we analyzed the changes in the learners` creative thinking and the learning effects of game programming.


The studies of the magnetoresistivity (MR) for Ce1−xLaxNiAl4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) intermetallic alloys are reported. CeNiAl4 seems to represent a classical Kondo lattice. All other compounds (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) exhibit at low temperature a logarithmic increase in electrical resistivity with decrease of temperature as expected for Kondo systems. The low temperature resistivity of Ce1−xLaxNiAl4 is sensitive to the applied magnetic field. The amplitude of the MR is always negative and diminished with increasing temperature. The field dependence has been found to be similar to that obtained for other Kondo compounds. Results of the MR measurements for Ce1−xLaxNiAl4 compounds are analyzed based on the theory developed calculations by Schlottmann for single ions. The analysis yields the values of the Kondo temperature (TK) and effective moment of the Kondo ion (μK).


RECENT RESULTS FROM LHCb Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (Received October 8, 2015) The LHCb detector is a single-arm forward spectrometer that collects data at the LHC. In this review, a few of recent results in the field of b-hadron decays performed by the LHCb Collaboration are presented. The analyses use proton–proton collision data corresponding to 3 fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector during 2011 and 2012 physics runs with the centerof-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.


Shı̄'a theology differs distinctly from Sunnı̄ theology in its interpretation of the Qur'ān and of early Islamic political history. On the basis of these differences, it is postulated that Shı̄'a thought is also epistemologically different from Sunnı̄ thought and that it builds on a radically dissimilar vision of the world. Thus, it is usually assumed that the Shı̄'a have a different conception and philosophy of history. Closer inspection, however, reveals no such variance. Specifically, this article examines the case of tenth-century historian Mas'ūdı̄, whose importance in classical Muslim historiography has been remarked upon by Muslim historians as well as by contemporary scholarship. Mas'ūdı̄ is believed to be a Shı̄'a of Twelver persuasion. Some have assumed that he was an Ismā'ı̄lı̄, but the majority of scholars agree that he is more likely to be an adept of the Twelver Shı̄'a. His extensive presentation of Shı̄'a beliefs, his excessive praise of 'Alı̄ ibn Abū ālib, and his sympathetic T treatment of Shı̄'a claims certainly make him a likely candidate. That his actual beliefs remain to some extent an issue is due to the fact that he does not claim his religious confession outright in the books that have survived. He does refer the reader to his other books devoted to the matter and where he presumably clarified his position concerning Shı̄'a claims. The books that remained, however, are history books, and while he is not trying to hide his identity, Mas'ūdı̄ is trying to write as much of an objective account of history and events as he can, and he avoids consciously taking position on such matters.


Data integration isn't easy though, especially the larger your enterprise and the more software systems on which you rely. Then you consider the reality of most enterprise architecture: it is less often an intentional architecture and much more often a patchwork of various apps and ecosystems, from legacy systems to brand new tools. Some are built and owned in-house, while others rely on third-party vendors.


Hormones modulate learning and memory processes by increasing or decreasing the strength with which information is stored.

Keywords:

memory modulation;
HPA axis;
neuroendocrine;
conditioning;
behavior


Combining its own reality, Jiaozhou city recently puts forward the strategy of "The ecology sets up the city", practicing six ecological construction namely ecological agriculture, ecological water conservancy, ecological forestry, ecological urban afforestation, ecological energy and ecological industry. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the deficiency of ideas and consciousness, rigidity of management system, relatively low efficiency in urban ecological and environmental management, deficiency of effective restraint and incentive mechanism during ecological construction of Jiaozhou city, high-standard plan of ecological construction, accelerating process of industry's ecological and environmental protection, setting up and amplifying government's management system, and building the ecological culture atmosphere actively etc. are put forward in this paper.


methyl ester as substrate was 24 iu/ml ; with this substrate results are numerically three to four times higher than with the alternative substrate benzoyl arginine ethyl ester. The last 185 tests showed a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 92% and efficiency of 88%. Using these data, the predictive value of a positive result, predictive value of a negative result, and efficiency of the test were analysed for different hypothetical prevalence rates of chronic pancreatic disease so that the likely diagnostic yield from the Lundh test could be assessed in different centres. Patients do not like swallowing tubes, and K G Wormsley sometimes measured chymotrypsin in six-hour collections of stools on ice after the patient had been infused with secretin and CCK and purged. G Lake-Bakaar (New York) measured serum trypsin by radioimmunoassay and found high values in acute pancreatitis and low levels in pancreatic insufficiency. C J Mitchell (Leeds) explained how trypsin can also be measured in urine, but his preference was for the BTP test. Benzoyl-tyrosine-para-amino benzoic acid was given orally in a dose on 1-2 g, but perhaps smaller doses of this expensive chemical can be used in the future. The PABA is split off by chymotrypsin and the urinary recovery over the next six hours measured; correction is made for any abnormal metabolism of PABA by giving pure PABA on another day, or by adding labelled PABA with the first test. His PABA excretion index gave good discrimination. M E Denyer mentioned the separate measurement of pancreatic and salivary isoamylases in the urine, and in particular the diagnostic value of the urinary ratio of pancreatic to salivary


General relationships between organisms and their habitat, consistent across spatial scales and regions, suggest the existence of repeatable ecological processes and are useful for the management of stream networks. From published data, we defined four guilds of European fish species with contrasting preferences for microhabitat hydraulics within stream reaches. At the scale of stream reaches and across 139 French sites (590 460 fishes sampled), we analysed how fish guild proportions were related to reach hydraulics (proportion of pools vs. riffles %POOL; median discharge by unit width Q50/W). The strongest correlations were observed between two fish guilds and %POOL (p < 0.001, r2 ≥ 0.41) and between one fish guild proportion and Q50/W (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.10). These reach–scale relationships were consistent across six large French basins, and consistent with the analyses made at the microhabitat scale. Therefore, microhabitat preferences for hydraulics are strong enough to generate consistent reach‐scale community responses to hydraulics across regions, despite the influence of other filters such as temperature, nutrient levels or history. The distribution of basic geomorphic features (pools, riffles) in streams and their modification (by dams, weirs and dikes) can modify the proportion of fish guilds by up to 80%, probably contributing to the long‐term decline of riffle‐dwelling species in Europe. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We present VISA: a novel Variation-aware Instruction Set Architecture synthesis approach that makes effective use of process variation from both software and hardware points of view. To achieve an efficient speedup, VISA selects custom instructions based on statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) for aggressive clocking. Furthermore, with minimum performance overhead, VISA dynamically detects and corrects timing faults resulting from aggressive clocking of the underlying processor. This hybrid software/hardware approach generates significant speedup without degrading the yield. Our experimental results on commonly used ISA synthesis benchmarks demonstrate that VISA achieves significant performance improvement compared with a traditional deterministic worst case-based approach (up to 78.0%) and an existing SSTA-based approach (up to 49.4%).


This paper examines why the US, the wealthiest nation in the world, appears incapable of preventing the spread of COVID-19. The reason is that solutions are antithetical to the US capitalist-state and the continuation of the capitalist system. Since the system is based on private ownership and profit with a sustaining state-sponsored ideology of individualism, it is incapable of enacting the necessary structural changes that can offer the best defense against infectious viruses. A look at its poor record at addressing highly preventable diseases and social problems is foreshadowing.


The experiments were laid out to understand the mechanisms causing yield limitations imposed by post-anthesis water and nitrogen deficiencies in plants with modified source-sink ratios. two soil-water regimes were allotted to the main plots. at anthesis, three levels of n were applied: none, 25% and 50% of total the n supply. Spike-halving caused reduction in grain yield at both water regimes and all n supply levels, showing that the reduction in grain number can not be compensated by a higher individual grain weight. Sink reduction by trimming 50% of the spikelets reduced grain number per ear by 38.5% and increased individual grain weight by 12.0%, which shows the plasticity in grain weight and grain set of wheat if sufficient assimilates are available. additional nitrogen supply at anthesis had no significant effect on the total aboveground biomass, but increased grain yield through more allocation of dry matter to grains. our findings suggest that for rainfed wheat with optimum n supply and supplemental irrigation, wheat growers should choose cultivars with a high grain number per ear and manage the crop to increase grain number per unit of land (sink capacity).


Moral health as the highest state of individucal health,is the sublimation of physical and mental health which should be come an important area of imdividual health areas. At present,the University student's healthy question is quite prominent,which has seriously affected the healthy development of students. It's helpful to continuonsly improve ideological and moral qualities,adapt the construction harmonious society to the university student comprehensive healthy development basic request if we take university student's moral healthy question fully and seek positively deals with the plan.


This paper deals with the calculation of MTTF values with the help of Markov models. It shows what Markov models are and how they can be utilised to achieve valid and important information for safety instrumented systems. In few examples the different calculations steps are presented, detailed and examined.


Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a potentially lethal disease and radical cystectomy (RC) remains the gold standard for its treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by RC can improve OS and is currently approved by international guidelines. In the setting of patients undergoing primary RC, several studies have shown that a delay from the time of diagnosis to surgery greater than 3 months could negatively impact oncological outcomes. It remains to be determined how timing impact patients undergoing NAC. Time to initiation of NAC represents an important time course which is poorly reported; two studies investigating it failed to demonstrate an association between delay of NAC and prognosis. After the completion of chemotherapy, there is no clear indication on how much recovery time is needed before performing surgery and how much delay is acceptable without affecting oncological outcomes. Single-center experiences suggest that surgery could be safely delayed up to approximately 10 weeks or that earlier RC does not affect perioperative morbidity. However, these results could not be reproduced by population-based studies. Even though lacking of evidence, is it not wise to reduce delays between each step in the treatment


Abstract THE need for folic acid in the diet of the poult for growth and the prevention of a cervical paralysis has been noted by Richardson et al. (1945); Jukes et al. (1947); Russell et al. (1947); and Lance and Hogan (1948). Schweigert et al. (1948) fed turkey hens a ration containing 0.42 milligrams of folic acid per kilogram, and the same ration supplemented with 2 milligrams of folic acid per kilogram. They noted no difference in egg production or hatchability between these two groups although the poults from the hens fed the ration low in folic acid needed more of the vitamin for growth than the control poults. A number of investigators have reported on the effect of a folic acid deficiency on mortality and the incidence of malformations in chicken embryos. The deficiences were induced either by feeding folic acid deficient rations of natural feedstuffs (Taylor, 1947) or purified …


Numbness and paraplegia are uncommon complaints in patient with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The patient was a 64-year-old man. He suffered numbness and gait disturbance (paraplegia). The blood examination showed no positive findings except a Wassermann was positive. Roentgen examination of the chest showed two abnormal shadows like tumors. The CT and MRI revealed destruction of the vertebral bodies and TAAs adjacent to the spinal cord. After the graft replacement was performed, numbness and paraplegia disappeared. This suggests that in our patient the TAAs destruct the vertebral body and produce pressure on the spinal cord, causing numbness and paraplegia. We experienced a rare case of the syphilitic TAA producing bone destruction, numbness and paraplegia.


Observation‐based surface ocean Δ14C distributions and regional inventories for excess, bomb‐produced radiocarbon are compared with results of two ocean models of intermediate complexity. By applying current descriptions of the air‐sea gas exchange the models produce similar column inventories for excess 14C among all basins. This result is robust across a wide range of transport parameter settings, but inconsistent with data‐based inventories. In the absence of evidence of fundamentally different gas exchange mechanisms in the North Atlantic than in the other basins, we infer regional North Atlantic 14C inventories which are considerably smaller than previous estimates. The results further suggest that the gas exchange velocity field should be reduced by (19 ± 16)%, which corresponds to a global mean air‐sea gas transfer rate for CO2 in seawater of 17.1 ± 3.3 cm h−1, to find good agreement of simulated quantities with a range of data‐based metrics.


The aim of study was to evaluate diversity of segetal flora and its transformations over a more than 20-year period in 19 field habitats representative for cereal crops of southern Poland. The research hypothesis assumed that: ( i ) the diversity of habitat conditions determines the abundance of arable land flora, ( ii ) it also affects farming intensity which is the main cause of the decline in the biodiversity of agrocoenoses. Based on 415 phytosociological releves (sampled using the Braun-Blanquet method), weed species richness (Sr), phytosociological constancy of species (S), cover index ( D ), Shannon's diversity index ( H ) and Simpson's dominance index ( C ) were determined. Measurements were done for each habitat during two research periods. The results were subjected to ANOVA analysis. To assess the similarities of the studied habitats' weed flora in each period and their changes over time, Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis was used. The distance matrix was calculated from Jaccard's similarity indices. The results are presented in the form of hierarchical trees. The study showed that species richness of the weed communities and their diversity were strongly determined by habitat conditions. Preservation of the value of the diversity index and even its increase (especially in a considerable part of mountain habitats) showed that extensive methods of reducing weed infestation had remained at a similar level of efficacy during the 20-year interval. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed differences between the first and second study period in the weed communities for habitats of lowland soil complexes. The exception were the habitats with the greatest potential for crop cultivation, located on chernozems and rendzinas. In the mountain habitats, there were no significant changes in the segetal flora during the study interval. An increase in weed flora abundance indicates a lack of threats to the diversity of agrophytocoenoses in this part of Poland.


Apartheid-designed higher education institutions continue to have a major influence on students and higher educators in South Africa. There is a need for innovative approaches for engaging with difference in higher education. One means of doing this could be through innovative pedagogical approaches. The Community, Self and Identity project provides an illustrative example of how some of the challenges noted by the current minister of higher education could be addressed. In this course, students and higher educators from historically differently placed institutions and disciplines came together to critically interrogate concepts that could be regarded as core to human service professionals. As higher educators, we shared concerns regarding the cultural encapsulation perpetuated by the separation across historically advantaged and disadvantaged institutions. We set out to develop strategies in the curriculum that would allow students and higher educators to re-evaluate their own positions in relation to disciplinary knowledge, institutional and social identities.


This paper proposes a latch-less pipeline architecture for spintronic circuits and quantifies the impact of pipeline depth and width on the error rate caused by thermal noise. This paper focuses on concatenable spin logic (CSL) even though the proposed architecture and error rate estimation approach can be applied to any spintronic logic that use magnetic moment of nanomagnets as the computational state variable. The latchless pipeline architecture takes advantage of the non-volatility of nanomagnets and eliminates the need for the extra switches that are necessary in CMOS circuits to latch data at the beginning and end of each pipeline stage. However, choosing a pipeline clock rate requires knowing the circuit delay of a single stage. It is shown that the delay of a magnet can best be represented as a gamma distribution, and thus, in order to achieve a 10-4 error rate with a single switch, the clock period will need to be approximately 120% greater the average delay of a single device. This variation tax can be reduced to under 35% for a circuit with 10 switches connected in series, or it can exceed 145% if the switches are connected in parallel (depth=1).


In single field slow roll inflation models the height and slope of the potential are to satisfy certain conditions, to match with observations. This in turn translates into bounds on the number of e-foldings and the excursion of the scalar field during inflation. In this work we consider broad classes of inflationary models to study how much the field excursion starting from horizon exit to the end of inflation, ∆ φ , can vary for the set of inflationary parameters given by Planck. We also derive an upper bound on the number of e-foldings between the horizon exit of a cosmologically interesting mode and the end of inflation. We comment on the possibility of having super-Planckian and sub-Planckian field excursions within the framework of single field slow roll inflation.


In the literature, characterization techniques based upon the liquid's refractive index are used with petroleum distillates to predict fuel-related properties: however, essentially nothing has been reported on the application of this technique to pyrolysis liquids. Measurements of the refractive indices of the pyrolysis liquids derived from various feedstocks (coal, oil shale, and tar sand) were made and appear to correlate well with the liquids' physical and chemical properties. The refractive indices of the pyrolysis liquids show good correlations with liquid density (correlation coefficient of 0.98), carbon and proton aromaticities (correlation coefficients of 0.88 and 0.91, respectively), and liquid carbon residue (i.e., correlation coefficient of 0.88 with the Conradson carbon residue). The above and other correlations were developed using data from at least 7 to as many as 35 discrete samples. These correlations have been used to develop empirical models. These findings demonstrate the potential of using the liquid's refractive index as a rapid technique to characterize the fuel-related properties of fossil fuel liquids generated by pyrolysis (before they are hydrogenated).


The inverted pendulum cart system (IPCS) be similar to number of real-world systems such as transport vehicles, spacecraft and medical fields equipment's robots and many more, however it is a traditional problem for the control engineers as it is highly non-linear with more than one equilibrium points. Therefore, the paper investigates a fuzzy logic controller to control cart position while maintaining the balance of an inverted pendulum. Furthermore, the length of inverted pendulum is varied and the performance is evaluated under both controllers' application simultaneously. The performances of both controllers are compared with number of error indices such as Root mean square error (RMSE), Integral square error (ISE), Integral time square error (ITSE), Integral absolute error (IAE) and Integral time absolute error (ITAE). The fuzzy controlled system shows better results as compared with the classical control approach with PID controller in terms of settling time, rise time, overshoot and undershoot under MATLAB/Simulink environment.


The article presents the size and composition of the Polish forces near Zbaraż, with a breakdown into individual regiments and banners, at the beginning of the fights that began on 10 July 1649. In addition to repeating and arranging what was already known, many new findings have been introduced and errors contained in older literature have been corrected.


SHE Xiang-lin case embodies a concentrated reflection of some ideas existing and institutional defect in the course of criminal suit of our country, especially there are many problems of the evidence system. So the legislation should be strengthened in these respects, the innovation and upgrade of the cultural idea of the lawsuit should be advocated; the fund and technological input should be strengthened; criminal technological means should be improved and strengthened etc... Traditional drawback should be overcome progressively, preventing such similar unjust case from recur.


Daily intake of aspirin appears to reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), according to UK researchers. The findings are based on the results of two large previously performed randomised controlled trials involving over 7500 participants with post-trial follow-up of over 20 years. The results indicate that 300mg of aspirin a day for about 5 years is effective in the primary prevention of CRC, with a 10-year latency of effect. A concurrent systematic review of relevant observational studies suggested a similar effect of daily aspirin use on CRC incidence, with more evidence supporting a minimum daily dose of 300mg in order to achieve the protective effect. The authors comment that previous studies may have missed the association due to the long lag time involved, which is probably secondary to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.


Modern communication needs to meet the requirements of the 5th generation (5G) communication system, while taking into account the 2nd generation (2G), 3rd generation (3G), and 4th generation (4G), wideband base station antennas, operating in 1.71 to 2.69 GHz, 3.3 to 3.6 GHz, and 4.9 to 5 GHz, wideband base station antennas, operating in 1.71-2.69 GHz, 3.3-3.6 GHz, and 4.9-5 GHz, is much needed. Besides, it also needs to meet the 65°±5° 3dB-width in the horizontal plane. In this paper, a bowknot-type resonator loaded dual-wideband folded dipole antenna for commercial communication base station (2-5G) applications is proposed. Compared with traditional folded dipole antenna, an additional bowknot-type resonator is introduced into folded dipole antenna. The bowknot-type resonator generates an additional new resonant mode. The simulation results show: (1) The Band-I with a center frequency of 2GHz has an impedance of -10dB with operating frequency range varying form 1.62GHz to 2.64GHz and The Band-II with a center frequency of 4.95GHz has an impedance of -10dB with operating frequency range varying form 4.63GHz to 5.22GH, (2) 70°± 5° half-power beamwidth for the low frequency bands in the horizontal plane, (3) the maximum and minimum gain are 5.1 dBi (at 2.0 GHz) and 3.8 dBi (at 2.64 GHz) in 1.90-2.64 GHz band, and the gain is 5 dBi at 4.95 GHz (4.63 to 5.22 GHz band). It achieves the needs of 2-5G base station applications.


It is disclosed a device, system and method for modifying a pre-boot instructions. A key module exchanges a key from a server in a secure environment. A communication module receives a provision that is encrypted with the key. A decryption module decrypts the encrypted instruction using the key and ensures the rules-setting prior to booting an operating system on the computer. An update module boots the computer using the provision.


Functional MRI (fMRI) blood–oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signals result not only from neuronal activation, but also from nonneuronal physiological processes. These changes, especially in the low‐frequency domain (0.01–0.2 Hz), can significantly confound inferences about neuronal processes. It is crucial to effectively identify these nuisance low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs).