Based on variational methods sufficient conditions for the continuous
dependence of the solution of a system governed by some elliptic equation on controls
is discussed. Then these conditions are used to obtain an existence theorem for the
optimal control problem of a system governed by nonlinear elliptic equations with
controls.


Through the ways of questionnaire and visiting, the writer made an investigation of the music education in the colleges and universities in Guanzhou area. It was showed that the college students, whose music knowledge quite poor, commonly have desire for musical education. The main reasons to influence the musical education in the common college are short of qualified music teachers, lack of instruments and sites, absence of financial support. Therefore, the writer made some suggestions in the article.


Paper presents prepared by Bulgaria, France, Islamic Republic of Iran, IFSMA, ITF, Malaysia, Poland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom proposal of amendments [1] to the STCW Convention and its Code part A and B [2] establishing international qualification standard for electro-technical officers. It is proposed that the certificates of competency for electro-technical officer and senior electro-technical officers shall be placed in Chapter III "Engine Department" of the STCW Convention, under new Regulations III/6, III/7 and new sections A-III/6, A-III/7 and B-III/6, B-III/7 of the STCW Code. This amended concept it is a logical continuation and further development of the paper [3] which concerned the same issue and was presented at the MarCon 2008 proceedings.


The electrochemical reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a biomass-based platform chemical, is a promising route towards the defossilization of the transportation sector. It yields fuels, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), and fuel precursors, such as 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) and 5,5'-bis(hydroxylmethyl)hydrofuroin (BHH), while requiring only renewable resources. In order to control the selectivity of this reaction and to optimize the yield of the desired target compound, it is important to understand the reaction mechanisms towards the individual products and the influence of various system parameters. We utilize two complementary methods, namely electrochemical real-time mass spectrometry (EC-RTMS) and quantitative batch electrolysis in a flow reactor, to obtain further insights into the electrochemical HMF reduction mechanisms and the interplay between the electrode and electrolyte. While EC-RTMS is a fast screening technique, which allows for the analysis of transient processes, the batch electrolysis in the flow reactor enables product quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) and the calculation of reaction selectivities and faradaic efficiencies. With these techniques, we were able to investigate the influence of various system parameters, such as the electrode material, the applied potential and the composition of the electrolyte, on the product distribution and propose reaction mechanisms towards the individual products.[1]

 References

 [1] R. Kloth, D. V. Vasilyev, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, I. Katsounaros, Electroreductive 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Dimerization on Carbon Electrodes ChemSusChem
 2021, 14, 5245.

 Figure 1


Multi-channel modems have been used in Asian two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). To make full use of data in multi-channel TWSTFT and improve the precision of TWSTFT, a new method to process data is presented. The precision of the multi-channel TWSTFT is compared with that of the single-channel TWSTFT, and the results show that it achieves an improvement.


Robust evaluation of service models can improve the quality and efficiency of care while articulating the models for potential replication. Even though it is an essential part of learning health systems, evaluations that benchmark and sustain models serving adults with developmental disabilities are lacking, impeding pilot programs from becoming official care pathways. Here, we describe the development of a program evaluation for a specialized medical‐dental community clinic serving adults with autism and intellectual disabilities in Montreal, Canada.


By the end of the sixteenth century the "Scoto-Britannus" became surprisingly wide-spread, and scholars increasingly recognize that modern national categories, and still more post-Romantic nationalism, can only lead to anachronism and serious distortion. The neologism "patriot" entered English in the 1580s. But early modern "patriots" thought in terms of universal mission, not self-actualization, nor in terms of transcendent ethnic identity, nor in terms of a national "soul." The idea of sacred confederation increasingly characterized Reformed political thought after 1600, informing politics literally from Transylvania to New England. Confederation was not imagined as merely a tissue of tactical alliances, but as a sign of the final world order. The frequent term "Scoto-Britannus" and the occasional one "Scoto-Polonus" carried with them not only notions of solidarity and common purpose, but, often, implications for the future. Keywords: New England; Scoto-Britannus; Scoto-Polonus


• We'll take a close look at the relationship between gut bacteria and health • We'll discuss general recommendations for promoting a healthy gut • We won't be discussing specific medical problems • If you have any medical problems related to gut health, consult your physician • One-on-one nutrition counseling • Email firstname.lastname@example.com to schedule an appointment • Please save questions until the end of the presentation • Presentation slides will be available at: • https://healthy.iu.edu/wellness-information/workshop-handouts.html


Abstract : Physiological measurements of the electrical activity of the brain may provide the predictive information necessary for a sensitive measure of the attention state of an airplane pilot or air traffic controller. Herein we review data processing techniques that have been developed in the past decade in the emerging area of dynamic systems theory and apply them to EEG time series data. The methods have been successfully used to interpret the dynamic content of a number of irregular time series and to aid in the construction of relatively simple mathematical descriptions of such systems, a number of which are reviewed herein. We demonstrate the feasibility of applying these algorithms to EEG time series data to determine its fractal (fractional) dimension, it is shown that the fractional dimension can be used as an indicator of various states of brain activity, having its lowest value for deep sleep and its highest value for eyes open, awake response, with an apparently monotonic increase with task complexity from one extreme to the other. Thus, within certain limits, the fractal dimension of an EEG can be associated with wakeful attentiveness and therefore used to assess the state of the operator in these information rich situations, e.g. pilots, air traffic controllers, radar observers, etc.


In this paper, the implementation of a fuzzy data processing system using an artificial neural network (ANN) is discussed. The binary representation of fuzzy data is assumed, where the universe of discourse is decartelized into n equal intervals. The value of a membership function is represented by a binary number. It is proposed that incomplete fuzzy data processing be performed in two stages. The first stage performs the 'retrieval' of incomplete fuzzy data, and the second stage performs the desired operation on the retrieval data. The method of incomplete fuzzy data retrieval is proposed based on the linear approximation of missing values of the membership function. The ANN implementation of the proposed system is presented. The system was computationally verified and showed a relatively small total error.


Aim\ To study a new method of concurrency control for advanced database systems which require long duration transactionsAltruistic locking. Methods\ Extending 2PL relaxes the conditions then transactions could have much more oppotunities of obtaining the required locks. Results\ Altruistic locking reduces the likelyhood of such delays that other shorter transactions suffer waits when long duration transactions are present. Conclusion\ The method could have the system get larger concurrency and will be suited for concurrency control for advanced data base systems.


'It is remarkable how few traces of the solemn liturgies of the High Holy Days have left in Christian worship'. 'Christ was more associated with the synagogue type of worship than with that of the temple' These two quotations from books written some forty years ago are not untypical of the approach at that time to the origins of Christian Liturgy, namely that they are to be found in the synagogue. In this paper I shall show some of the similarities between the early Christian liturgies and temple rituals


Poster: "ECR 2013 / C-0454 / Swarm intelligence allows automatic volume analysis basing on low contrast [18F]-fluoromisonidazole-PET of head and neck cancer patients" by: "R. Haase, R. Perrin, K. Zophel, H.-J. Bohme, N. Abolmaali; Dresden/DE"


Perspectives of Patients with Comorbidity on the Use of eHealth Technology for Self-Management at Kenyatta National Hospital by Dorcas Waithira Maina MScN University of Nairobi, 2007 BScN, Moi University, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health Walden University May 2019 Abstract Health care systems still focus on single disease management and ignore the complexities of multiple conditions management. Though self-management is the focus of chronic disease management, patients with comorbidities face challenges in meeting their selfmanagement goals. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of patients with comorbid conditions on the use of eHealth technology to promote self-management.Health care systems still focus on single disease management and ignore the complexities of multiple conditions management. Though self-management is the focus of chronic disease management, patients with comorbidities face challenges in meeting their selfmanagement goals. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of patients with comorbid conditions on the use of eHealth technology to promote self-management. The research was grounded on the technology acceptance model. I sought to explore the participants' understanding of self-management, the challenges to self-management and their perspectives on the use of eHealth for self-management. In this phenomenological study, 10 interviews were conducted from a purposeful sample of those with two or more comorbid conditions. The collected data were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Prolonged engagement, member checks, and triangulation were used to ensure trustworthiness. Self-reports and observation augmented the interviews. Data collection continued until saturation was reached, then analyzed iteratively and organized according to themes. The results showed that the participants managed their conditions at home by taking prescribed drugs, attending clinics, and following a special diet. However, they faced financial constraints, struggled with symptom control, and took too many drugs. The results also showed that technology could be used for people living with comorbidity as a source of information, to remind patients to take drugs or attend clinics, to increase awareness of symptoms, and to assist in the management of disease. This study is expected to help in understanding (a) the challenges faced by patients with comorbidities, and (b) how the use of technology promotes self-management in this growing group. Perspectives of Patients with Comorbidity on the Use of eHealth Technology for Self-Management at Kenyatta National Hospital by Dorcas Waithira Maina MScN, University of Nairobi, 2007 BScN, Moi University, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public health-Epidemiology Walden University January 2019 Acknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Egondu for guiding me throughout the process. I am also thankful to Dr. Connors for her continuous guidance in the dissertation process. I also acknowledge the roles played by Dr. Tammy Root as the research coordinator and Dr. Dr. Nancy Rea the program director. I am also grateful to my family for their support and patience.


The make command has been a central part of the Unix programming environment for over fifteen years. An excellent example of a Unix system software tool, it has a simple model and delegates most of its work to other commands. By dealing with general relationships between files and commands, make easily adapts to diverse applications. This generality, however, has become a handicap when compared with specialized integrated programming environments. Integrated environments are collections of tightly coupled (seamless) programs that can take advantage of programming language details not available to the loosely coupled (tool‐based) make model.


PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF DIMENSIONAL AND MATERIAL PROPERTY VARIATIONS IN COMPLIANT MECHANISMS Jonathan W. Wittwer Department of Mechanical Engineering Master of Science Surface micromachining of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), like all other fabrication processes, has inherent variation that leads to uncertain material and dimensional parameters. To obtain accurate and reliable predictions of mechanism behavior, the effects if these variations need to be analyzed. This thesis expands already existing tolerance and uncertainty analysis methods to apply to micro compliant mechanisms. For simple compliant members, explicit equations can be used in uncertainty analysis. However, for a nonlinear implicit system of equations, the direct linearization method may be used to obtain sensitivities of output parameters to small changes in known variables. This is done by including static equilibrium equations and pseudo-rigid-body model relationships with the kinematic vector loop equations. Examples are used to show a comparison of this method to other deterministic and probabilistic methods and finite element analysis.


This study aims to analyze the effect of working capital on residual proceeds (SHU) on PNPM Savings and Loans for Semendawai Tribe III in East OKU Regency. The liquidity level of PNPM Savings and Loans for the Kerujon Village in Semendawai Sub-District III of East OKU Regency from 2016-2018 experienced a fluctuating situation and even tended to decline. The PNPM Savings and Loans Women's liquidity level in Kerujon Village can be used as a basis for evaluation in the coming years, where in 2016 the current ratio is 202%, which means that every current debt is Rp. 1.00 guaranteed by current assets of Rp. 2.0%. If viewed from the level of activity based on Woring Capital Turn Over (WCTO) in the form of turnover of elements of working capital, it is in a fluctuating position and worsens with a still low turnover rate. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the amount of funds is unemployed so that it can be proven that the management of working capital in PNPM Savings and Loans in the Village of Kerujon is less optimum.


An effective training algorithm called extreme learning machine (ELM) has recently proposed for single hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs). It randomly chooses the input weights and hidden layer biases, and analytically determines the output weights by a simple matrix-inversion operation. This algorithm can achieve good performance at extremely high learning speed However, it may require a large number of hidden units due to non-optimal input weights and hidden layer biases. In this paper, we propose a new approach, evolutionary least-squares extreme learning machine (ELS-ELM), to determine the input weights and biases of hidden units using the differential evolution algorithm in which the initial generation is generated not by random selection but by a least squares scheme. Experimental results for function approximation show that this approach can obtain good generalization performance with compact networks.


Emphasising the adverse effects of smoking on eye diseases

Both my daughters smoke. This fact annoys me greatly, not only because of the damage they are knowingly doing to themselves but also because it underscores the apparently insurmountable difficulties all of us have in trying to minimise the enormous health effect of this chronic self-poisoning. Why do intelligent, well-informed people like my daughters not give up this habit? Is it because of the chemical addiction originated by the first puff and enhanced by subsequent ones,1 emotional dependence, provision of stress relief, the power of routine practices, social pressures and coziness, lack of information, the infinite capability that people have for denying threatening realities, the unwillingness of governments to reduce important revenue source or all of the above? I do not know the answer to this question, nor can I explain the failure of humankind to eliminate smoking, by far the most important modifiable risk factor for diseases of all body systems of users, and, in the form of second-hand smoke, of people in their environment. Smoking rates increase steeply the world over, mainly as a result of higher consumption in developing countries. Furthermore, the decline in smoking rates in Western …


The cryptographic features of the UNIX operating system, versions six and seven, are discussed. UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.


A finite-element formulation for the analysis of time-dependent failure of concrete is presented. The proposed formulation incorporates: (1) the viscoelastic behavior of uncracked concrete through a Maxwell chain model; and (2) the inelastic behavior of damaged concrete, characterized by a modified version of the microplane Model M4 which includes the rate dependence of fracturing. The proposed formulation is applied to the simulation of quasi-static concrete failure in the time domain. The different effects of creep and rate dependence of crack growth and their role in the lifetime of concrete structures are studied. The influence of different loading rates on the size effect is also analyzed with reference to single notched specimens, revealing the link between the size of the fracture process zone and the loading rate. The capability of the proposed numerical formulation is also verified for the case of sustained uniaxial compressive loads.


Traditional grammar-based approaches have failed to bestow on second language learners the desired level of language competence. There is a significant amount of evidence that established approaches to teaching English were unreliable guides to classroom instruction. However, the newly learner-centered formation has generated more productive and prolific teaching schools and strategies. The communicative teaching methodology is a learner-based approach's offspring that primarily promotes the speaking skill and promises enhanced outcomes. Throughout my six years experience at various universities in Lebanon and upon implementing the communicative approach on numerous English levels ranging from level 1 to 6, I found out that in the course of the adoption of the latter method, students were undoubtedly able to achieve better outcomes in speaking skills. Nonetheless, I evidently noted various weaknesses through constantly observing students engage in performance task-based activities, namely a noticeable decline in grammar acquisition and writing proficiency. Both pedagogy types, grammar-based and communicative approaches, were employed in a mutually exclusive manner. However, grammar is an important part of building communicative competence, and oral fluency is significant for building linguistic competence. In its focusing on oral fluency, a communicative approach may not be the best option for a student seeking to enhance his/her writing ability and understanding of grammar. The purpose of this research is to trace the gaps and suggest solutions.


Based on an assumption of lath beam, a simplified and convenient calculation method is proposed in the paper for determining bending strength and stability of a gross panel loaded with a heavy cargo unit. By an example, it is proved that the method is more practical, effective and precise compared to the traditional method. The present method fits specially to be used in the checking of local strength of gross panel loaded an extra large cargo unit.


This study investigated the effects of constant light exposure on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)‐like endocrine and metabolic changes in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed rats and to elucidate the related microbiotic mechanisms.


It is the purpose of this paper to report on the attempt of one secondary school to offer a course in college-level chemistry to selected high school seniors.


The problem of controlling the π-model induction motor with magnetic saturation is considered in this proposed research. DTC of induction motor have been developed since 1980, many techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of the induction machines that using the DTC drives in industry but all the previous models are using the linear model of the machine for approximation which is not the exact model and we are not garantee that the process is not work in the saturation region of the flux specially in large rating of induction machines. In this paper we introduce an speed observer using lyapnov design and compared with a one using ANFIS design as well as the classical flux observer that used with DTC technique. Simulation result show that the speed observer have a good performance with variation of speed reference.


Abstract Recent information on climatic warming is reviewed in both the global and New Zealand contexts, with emphasis on the relatively sensitive plants of the alpine zone. Also discussed is the initiation in 2001 of the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) project to establish a long‐term vegetation/environment monitoring network in Europe, using standardised criteria and methods, and which is now being extended to the global level. Two sites ("target regions") have been selected and established on conservation land in New Zealand, using the standardised procedure. One target region with a single summit is on Mt Burns in the perhumid Fiord Ecological Region, the other with two summits is on the upper slopes of the Pisa Range, the highest in the subcontinental Central Otago Ecological Region. These are briefly characterised in terms of their floras and plant cover, as well as their current temperature (air and soil) environments, based on 2‐year records.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of C. aphylla on pancreatic cells and antioxidant enzymes in experimental streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. The single oral administration of methanol extract (300mg/kg b.wt) and active fraction (30mg/kg b.wt) from stem part of C. aphylla significantly (p<0.01) reduced blood glucose levels after 3h in diabetic rats. The treatment also resulted in a remarkable reduction in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver, heart and kidney of diabetic rats. The extract exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals thereby reducing the risk of diabetic complications. The results clearly suggested that C. aphylla stem extract treatment might effectively normalize the impaired pancreatic cells and antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetes. Therefore, findings supported the traditional use of C. aphylla in the treatment of diabetes.


The system employed in the study was composed of a reactor for hydrogen production by the immobilized cells of C. butyricum, a fuel cell, and a reactor for wastewater treatment by the immobilized microorganisms. Industrial wastewaters were applied to the system. The rate of hydrogen production by the agar gel-entrapped whole cells was higher than that by the polyacrylamide gel-entrapped ones. The optimum flow rate for hydrogen production was observed with a packed-bed reactor. As the bacteria produced organic acids, the wastewater became acidic at the low flow rate. The rate of hydrogen production and the current increased when the flow rate and the BOD of the wastewater were increased. The diffusion of hydrogen to the electrode surface and the amount of hydrogen produced were the rate-determining steps of the current generation. The system was composed of three devices, the reactor for the hydrogen production, the fuel cell, and the reactor for wastewater reatment. This study provides an application of immobilized whole cells to energy conversion and wastewater treatment. 10 figures, 2 tables.


The problem of efficient resource location is an important open issue in P2P systems. This paper introduces DANTE, a self-adapting P2P system that changes its peer links to form topologies where resources are located in an efficient manner via random walks. Additionally, this same self-adaptation capacity makes DANTE capable of reacting to events like changes in the system load or attacks on well-connected nodes by adjusting the topology to the new scenario. This adaptive behavior emerges as the global result of the individual work of nodes, without the intervention of any central entity or the need for global knowledge. Simulations show that this adaptation process makes the system scalable, resilient to attacks, and tolerant to a high transitivity of peers. Simulations are also used to compare this solution with other well-known self-adapting P2P system. From these results it can be concluded that the topologies achieved by DANTE offer better performance.


In this paper, a series of experiments were carried out on the air concentration distribution. In the cavity zone, the air bubble frequency distribution was similar to the air concentration distribution. The air bubble frequency increased from the bottom and then decreased near the unaerated black water region. The position of the maximum air bubble frequency fmax moved downwards. At the air-water cross section, the relationship between the air bubble frequency and the air concentration was self-similar, the position of the maximum air bubble frequency caused by the air-water discontinuity gradually approached C = 0.50 with the development of aeration. Meanwhile, the dimensionless air bubble frequency in the cavity zone followed a parabolic function.


2-D sampling on polar coordinates is important for many applications. Two forms of a sampling theorem for concentric circles are established for a bandlimited 2-D function. The location of the samples is prescribed either on equidistant circles or on the roots of the Bessel function J/sub 0/(). Both methods give comparable results, however the number of samples required for their numerical evaluation is significantly less for the root-sampling.


This chapter presents a critical examination of the interaction between concepts such as equity and accessibility in a framework of sustainable and inclusive urban development. The analysis compiles a series of reflections that build on previous research that focusses on the role of transport as enabler of opportunities for material and social capital, healthcare and leisure, which contribute to human development and well-being. The research discusses accessibility metrics for mandatory and non-mandatory travel in the context of current global agendas for social and development policies. It also introduces methodological reflections in relation to the analysis of accessibility indices from an equity perspective highlighting the role of equity metrics such as the Palma ratio and Lorenz curves. The authors link accessibility and urban development seeking to inform current approaches for policy development and assessment in a context of high manifested inequity. The research is set in the context of the Bogota Metropolitan Region, a paradigmatic case of transport development and policy in the Global South. The findings seek to contribute to present transport policy and practice, providing relevant insights to support actions that redistribute accessibility to opportunities and questioning some of the paradigms of mainstream transport planning in cities like Bogota, suggesting a more relevant role of transport policy as a potential engine of equity and social development.


Changes of water temperature regime along the Sava, Mura, Drava, and Danube Rivers in Croatia during last twenty to sixty years are investigated. Minimum, mean and max-imum annual and monthly water temperatures measured at thirteen gauging stations are analysed. Massive construction in the Danube basin and on the rivers themselves during last centuries caused many different and possibly dangerous changes of tem-perature regime along the Danube River watercourse as well as at the watercourses of their main tributaries. Accent in investigation is put on changes occurred during last thirty-odd years, probably caused by climate change and/or variability. Methods of rescaled adjusted partial sums and linear trends are used in order to explain changes in the water temperature regimes.


The pilot system implemented to monitor on line the Colombian Transmission System STN's Power Quality is presented in this article. The network uses meters developed by XM Compania de Expertos en Mercados. The information is collected and stored in a server and transmitted to another server to its historical management by OSIsoft PI System


The aim of the present work was to analyze the antibiotic resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolates from sheep, goats, cattle and pigs originated from eight different Greek prefectures, to determine the class(es) of the tet genes, to investigate any possible association with plasmids or/and chromosomes and to study the geographical distribution of the resistant isolates. Eighteen out to one hundred isolates were resistant to tetracycline with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) higher than 128 μg/ml. The tetH gene was found in thirteen (72.2%) and the tetB gene was found in four isolates (22.2%). After treatment with the restriction enzymes EcoRV, EcoRI, PstI and BspHI, the tetB gene showed a new polymorphism. Partial sequencing of the tetH and tetB genes revealed five polymorphisms in the tetB gene and two polymorphisms in the tetH gene; phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were also conducted. Both tetB and tetH genes revealed patterns clearly differentiated from the rest of Pasteurella species meaning that the genes could be transferred from a non Pasteurella species. The results presented provide further knowledge and evidence of the role played by commensals as of resistance determinants.


We report here the genome sequences of three African swine fever virus isolates obtained from a domestic pig (Zaire [Zaire]), a warthog (RSA/W1/1999 [South Africa]), and a European wild boar (RSA/2/2004 [South Africa]) belonging to genotypes IV, XX, and XX, respectively. This report increases the number of genotype XX, wild boar, and warthog reference sequences available. ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences of three African swine fever virus isolates obtained from a domestic pig (Zaire [Zaire]), a warthog (RSA/W1/1999 [South Africa]), and a European wild boar (RSA/2/2004 [South Africa]) belonging to genotypes IV, XX, and XX, respectively. This report increases the number of genotype XX, wild boar, and warthog reference sequences available.


To achieve a target driving force setting unit for setting a target driving force based on the operating state, a target gear ratio setting section for setting a target speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission so as to realize the target driving force, the target driving force the target torque of the driving source to a vehicle control apparatus that includes a target torque setting unit for setting as the target driving force setting unit sets the target driving force stepwise reduced when upshift in the continuously variable transmission set to.


In this qualitative descriptive study, we examine health insurance literacy among a group of international college students. They were recruited from a public, co-educational Southeastern university in the United States during the fall semester of 2016 to participate in semistructured interviews. Data were gathered through a demographic questionnaire, two focus group discussions, and individual interviews. Interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Three themes emerged, including knowledge of health insurance options and benefits information, affordability, and unmet expectations. These findings show the need for higher education institutions to develop a plan to integrate international students into U.S. health care. International students are a vulnerable population; therefore, increasing health insurance literacy is vital to making an optimal health insurance choice, improving access to health care, and using health care efficiently. Future research should tailor educational interventions to mitigate poor health insurance literacy among international college students.


This study aims to assess the feasibility of an randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test treatment efficacy of acupuncture for symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), a common long‐term condition with physical, psychological, social and sexual consequences.


AbstractA multiyear water quality performance study of a bioretention rain garden located along a major urban transit corridor east of San Francisco Bay was conducted to assess the efficacy of bior...


The invention relates to a thermal barrier coating composition of the ablative type comprising two constituents A and B provided in separate packs and intended to be mixed before implementation in conventional manner, by simple mechanical mixing at room temperature, characterized in that these two constituents contain the following components: component a in liquid form: - from 20 to 95% by mass of a halogenated polymer in the form of an aqueous emulsion (I), - from 5 to 80% by mass of a polymer the silicone in the form of an aqueous emulsion (II), - from 0 to 5% by mass of microfibers or organic mineralesconstituant B in solid form: - from 30 to 90% by weight of a hydraulic binder in powder type high resistance vector, - from 0 to 30% by mass of glass fibers or son of chopped glass commercially available, - 0, 5 to 15% by weight of hollow microspheres of ceramic or glass available commercialeme nt - 0, 1 to 20% by mass of zinc oxide in powder form, -. the ratio between A and B being 1 part by mass of A for 0, 5-2 parts by weight of B


Abstract:  Melatonin has been shown to bind to the MT1 G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells to modulate the estrogen response pathway suppressing estrogen‐induced estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transcriptional activity, blunting ER/DNA binding activity and suppressing cell proliferation. In these studies we have examined the effect of melatonin on the transcriptional activity of the ERα and other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, namely, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα). As with the ERα, melatonin represses ligand (dexamethasone)‐induced activation of the GR. This effect of melatonin on ERα and GR is blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX) suggesting that melatonin's actions may be mediated via a PTX‐sensitive Gαi protein. In contrast, melatonin potentiates the action of all‐trans‐retinoic acid on RARα transcriptional activation and enhances RARα/DNA binding activity, an action which is not PTX‐sensitive. Expression of a dominant‐positive Gαi2 protein, with which the MT1 receptor has been shown to couple, is able to mimic the effect of melatonin on ERα but not RARα transcriptional activation in breast cancer cells. This demonstrates that GPCRs can modulate the transcriptional activity of various steroid receptors in response to their ligand through activation of different G protein signaling pathways.


Conventionally, the multiple and single particle scattering in a storage ring are considered to be independent. Such an approach is simple and often yields sufficiently accurate results. Nevertheless, there is a class of problems where such an approach is not adequate and the single and multiple scattering need to be considered together. This can be achieved by solving an integro-differential equation for the particle distribution function, which correctly treats particle Coulomb scattering in the presence of betatron motion. A derivation of the equation is presented in the article. A numerical solution for one practical case is also considered.


The generalized cage motion is parametrically evaluated as a function of clearances both in the cage pockets and at the cage-to-race guide lands. Definite correlations between certain cage instabilities and the operating clearances provide practical guidance for optimization of cage clearances for a given performance specification


An improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to plan an optimal collision-free path for(mobile) robot in complicated static environment.Based on the workspace model with grid method,the foraging behavior of ant colony is simulated and the special functions are added into the regular ant colony algorithm for the path planning of mobile robot.When an ant explores a dead-corner in the path searching,a dead-corner table is established,and simultaneously a penalty function is used for the trail intensity updating in order to avoid the path deadlock of mobile robot.The simulation results show that the performance of path planning can be obviously improved by the proposed ant colony algorithm,and the algorithm is very simple and efficient.


This article is devoted to the study of innovative ways of managing the housing and communal sector, which will be aimed at achieving an improvement in the qual-ity of the provision of housing and communal services by management companies to the pop-ulation.


Purpose: Low-energy treatments during spot scanning proton therapy (SSPT) suffer from poor conformity due to increased spot size. Collimation devices can reduce the lateral penumbra of a proton therapy dose distribution and improve the overall plan quality. The purpose of this work was to study the advantages of individual energy-layer collimation, which is unique to a recently proposed Dynamic Collimation System (DCS), in comparison to a standard, fixed aperture that allows only a single shape for all energy layers. Methods: Three brain patients previously planned and treated with SSPT were re-planned using an in-house treatment planning system capable of modeling collimated and un-collimated proton beamlets. The un-collimated plans, which served as a baseline for comparison, reproduced the target coverage of the clinically delivered plans. The collimator opening for the aperture based plans included a 0.6 cm expansion of the largest cross section of the target in the Beam's Eye View, while the DCS based plans were created by optimizing the collimator position for beam spots near the periphery of the target in each energy layer. Results: The reduction of mean dose to normal tissue adjacent to the target, as defined by a 10 mm ring, averaged 9.13% and 3.48% for the DCS and aperture plans, respectively. The conformity index, as defined by the ratio of the volume of the 50% isodose line to the target volume, yielded an average improvement of 16.42% and 8.16% for the DCS and aperture plans, respectively. Conclusion: Collimation reduces the dose to normal tissue adjacent to the target and increases dose conformity to the target region for low-energy SSPT. The ability of the DCS to provide collimation to each energy layer yields better conformity in comparison to fixed aperture plans. This work was partially funded by IBA (Ion Beam Applications S.A.).


Student engagement has received considerable attention in higher education research because of the link between increased student knowledge, greater student satisfaction with educational experience, and increased student retention and persistence. The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) has been used since 2000 to assess engagement in undergraduate college students. NSSE results have been used to gain an understanding about levels of academic engagement for freshman and senior college students. Institutions use NSSE results to make changes in policies and practices to improve undergraduate education. This comparative descriptive study examined levels of undergraduate nursing students' engagement during college by conducting a secondary analysis of NSSE data. The overall aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of nursing students' levels of engagement at two points in time and comparing two geographic regions, and how they spent their time while in college. In a 2007 report, the National Leadership Council for Liberal Education and America's Promise (LEAP) identified ten innovative high-impact practices in higher education. Since then, these practices have been implemented across the nation and have been associated with gains in student learning and personal development (Kuh, 2008). This study compared senior nursing students' levels of engagement before and after these high-impact practices were recommended to see if engagement levels in senior nursing students differed between 2003 and 2010. Astin's student involvement theory was used as a guiding framework for this study to examine how nursing students engage in the learning process and what educational resources nursing students use to become involved in the learning process. Astin's theory focuses on what the college student does to be an active participant in the learning process and describes the environmental influences on college student development.


In December 2019, the new disease COVID-19 was initially discovered in Wuhan, China and with a fast pace, it took over the whole world. It has impacted everyone's health, as well as the global economy and people's daily lives. It has become crucial that all the positive cases be detected quickly so it is possible to save other lives. Still, the lack of doctors and the lower availability of the test kits made it an arduous task. Recent research shows that radiological imaging techniques have played a valuable role in the detection of COVID-19. The use of artificial intelligence technology with radiological images can help identify the disease very accurately. Even in remote areas, it can be beneficial to overcome the shortage of doctors. This study proposed a method based on the aggregation of the extracted hand-crafted features with the automated ones. We used a his-togram of oriented gradients (HOG) for the hand-crafted features extraction. In addition, several techniques are investigated to get the deep learned features such as "DenseNet201"," Inception ResnetV2", "VGG16"," VGG19", "Inception_V3", "Resnet50", "MobileNet_V2" and "Xception" out of which "VGG19" gives optimal performance. Furthermore, for dimensionality reduction and to maintain the consistency of features, "principal component analysis (PCA)" is used. Our experiments on COVID-19 image datasets revealed that the proposed method achieves 99% classification accuracy in classifying normal and pneumonia X-ray images.


A fast, low-noise, operational amplifier is fabricated in an industrial GaAs technology, exhibiting intrinsic radiation hardness in excess of several hundred megarads. The circuit architecture is based on GaAs/AlGaAs CHIGFETs of 1-/spl mu/m channel length. The amplifier is fully monolithically integrated with low-frequency open-loop gain of 10/sup 5/, gain-bandwidth product of 1.5 GHz, DC input offset voltage of 20 mV, slew rate of 760 V//spl mu/s, and power requirements of 30 mW. Its output voltage is linear from -3 V to +3 V within 1% accuracy. A gain of 50 k/spl Omega/ is achieved for operation as a transimpedance amplifier with risetime <5 ns, which would be suitable for a preamplifier for liquid and solid ionization detectors.


We report two cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with preleukemic phase of pancytopenia with a few abnormal lymphoid cells in bone marrow aspirates. The initial diagnosis of each case was suspicious aplastic anemia and hypoplastic anemia. Both cases progressed to overt acute lymphoblastic leukemia within 1 year. We suggest that initial pancytopenic phase (pre-ALL) may precede the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults and differential diagnosis from myelodysplastic syndrome and primary aplastic anemia will be needed. We also suggest that primary bone marrow lymphoma and "primary unknown metastatic lymphoma of bone marrow" may be possible as the pathogenesis in a case like ours.


Macro factors are often mentioned to explain the adoption and use of mobile phones in developing countries. Little attention has been paid to micro factors which directly influence the real motivations of the end user. This article examines the influence of microeconomic factors on both individuals' attitude towards and use of cellular telephones. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from a final sample of 463 cellular phones' users in Guinea. The results obtained tend to corroborate the hypotheses according to which mobility, group characteristics (familiarity), social influence (social pressure and image), and the possession of resources affect the attitude toward and the use of cellular telephones. In contrast, the traditional hypotheses that consider subscription conditions as the main influence to technology use are not verified.


Introduction: The non-Gaussian noise in the practical world can be well characterised by its impulsive nature. Typical impulsive interference may include atmospheric noise, ambient acoustic noise and lightning, switching transients, etc. Since 1993, there has been tremendous interest in the class of symmetric a-stable (SaS) distributions [1], as a generalisation of Gaussian distribution, which can model a wide range of phenomena of varying degrees of impulsivity [2]. In a detection and denoising region, optimal processing is feasible if the noise probability density function (PDF) is analytically known and tractable. Unfortunately, such an attractive model for impulsive noise has no closed forms for the probability densities except for two special cases [1]: Gaussian and Cauchy distribution. This has limited further applications of the a-stable distribution family.


A method of measuring the fraction of bacterial spores in a sample that remain viable exploits DPA-triggered luminescence of Tb(3+) and is based partly on the same principles as those described earlier. Unlike prior methods for performing such live/dead assays of bacterial spores, this method does not involve counting colonies formed by cultivation (which can take days), or counting of spores under a microscope, and works whether or not bacterial spores are attached to other small particles (i.e., dust), and can be implemented on a time scale of about 20 minutes.


Every non-constant meromorphic function in the complex plane has branches of the inverse that are denied in spherical discs of radii arbitrarily close to arctan p 8 7032 0 . This constant is best possible. The proof depends on the study of singular surfaces associated with meromorphic functions.


The aim was to compare the accuracy of mapping the shape of the bone structures using the following non-contact scanning systems: the mobile laser scanner and two fringe optic systems with structured light. The procedure enabled the creation of anatomical models of the femur and osteochondral defects in the articular surfaces and the analysis of their mapping errors. The accuracy of the measurements depend on the degree of differentiation shape and reflectance of the surface of the test object. (Modeling the shape of the tissue structures using a mobile laser scanners and fringe optic systems).


BSAC audio coding standard is a key technology of the terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting(T-DMB) and research on implementing a BSAC audio encoder on embedded system platform has a great value.A method of encapsulating optimized BSAC encoder into an audio coding component with TI′s eXpress Digital Media specification is presented,and developing a multi-threaded program on ARM processor to call the BSAC encoder.Experimental results show that the BSAC encoder running on TIs TMS320DM6446 platform works stably and meets the real-time demand of audio coding.


In the international comparative study on reading, mathematics, and science of 2009 (OECD, 2010) especially Dutch gifted and talented (G&T) students underachieved compared to 17 countries. These students require a differentiated, adaptive curriculum embedded within an optimal learning environment that is conducive for students' motivation for school. When teachers provide for students' basic needs, motivation will flourish (Opdenakker & Minnaert, 2011). Self-determination theory provides a comprehensive framework of motivation that can enhance understanding of G&T students' learning motivation. To disentangle to what extent teachers meet the basic psychological needs, i.e. competence, autonomy, relatedness, of G&T students and differentiate according to those needs, we conducted an in-class teacher observation with video-registration from six teachers of secondary education. A video-stimulated recall-interview was used to unveil teachers' views, the problems they experienced and the solutions they handled. A students' questionnaire was used to measure students' perceptions of teacher behavior, and their motivation. In general, we found teachers meeting students' need of competence, but less attention was payed to students' need for autonomy. All teachers stressed the importance of a good teacher-student relationship. Students showed, however, low means on motivation. In practice, teachers' limited autonomy support seems detrimental for students' motivation.


The article presents past and present efforts to address Carnival as an artistic and curatorial object, discusses attending discourses that support these efforts and offers this author's own contribution to the debate and practice of Carnival as a scholar and curator. While "Curating Carnival" attends to Carnival in the Caribbean and its European and American diasporas, with particular attention paid to the Trinidad Carnival model or mas', and the legacy of Peter Minshall's work or roadworks, it ultimately addresses general concerns about the construction of so-called performance art as a Eurocentric concept within the context of contemporary art and of contemporary Caribbean art as a predominantly visual arts field, both of which, performance art within mainstream contemporary art, and contemporary Caribbean art, fail to recognize the potency and currency of Carnival and other related vernacular performance practices as art forms. "Curating Carnival" also puts curating under scrutiny and advocates for an experimental approach to the object of Carnival with the procession as an alternative curatorial medium.


Computational simulation for the fluid flow in a paper based microfluidic system was performed and was experimentally validated in this work. Comsol Multiphysics based simulation was performed and the module used was species transport in porous medium. Two separate simulation for the reagent distribution and the interaction of sample with the immobilized reagent in paper based microfluidics devices were carried out. This was performed by varying the parameters such as adsorption constant, diffusivity and average velocity of fluid in the porous medium for finding the concentration profile. Finer mesh were used for the simulation which gives more accurate results with less computational time. The reagent distribution was experimentally validated by dropping methylorange indicator over Whatman filter paper.


As ENVISAT ASAR WS mode imagery is suitable for ship monitoring, a new ship detection model is presented in this paper. In the model, a new grid method and an improved CFAR algorithm were introduced. The grid method divides the SAR image into regular frames and chooses the highest average intensity as the stand average value in the round frames. Then we build the model using the deviation of the center frame. In order to examine the performance of the model, some ENVISAT ASAR WS images were used and the result shows that the performance is excellent in despite of the simple model.


PURPOSE: A cosmetic pump container is provided to be used in a state where ejected cosmetic is placed on a concave circular plate and prevent cosmetic of an inner container from being contaminated with a member which closes an outlet formed in center of a circular plate. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic pump container comprises; an inner container (10) which contains cosmetic of liquid or gel; an outer container (20) for accommodating the inner container; a pumping equipment (30) installed within a cylindrical accommodating chamber (11) which is protruded to an upper center of the inner container; and a cover member (40) which is inserted and united in the top of the outer container by the medium of a combining flange member (41) in order to cover the top of the pumping equipment. The pumping equipment comprises a cylindrical cylinder (31), a piston (32), a packing member (33), a up and down movement member (34), a double cylinder pipe (35), a cylinder coil spring (36), a pressing member (37) and a exhaustion cosmetic putting member (38).


This research focused the religious perspectives portrayed in the covers of Brazil most popular weekly magazine Veja. In this area, it was perceived a significative change in the editorial line of this magazine, especially from 1990 onwards. It was also quite noticeable that the magazine adapted its content and language to the new religious configuration of the brazilian society. In view of these facts, the research tried to investigate the reasons for Veja's changing approaches to the religious phenomena of the last 15 years. It started from the hypothesis that the cultural paradigmatic changes present in a postmodern society have profound effects on religion and on its perception by the press. In the religious field, these changes are perceptible through the weakening role of institutional religions and their ethics in society. In the postmodern press, they can be seen in the loosing of the social compromise of the press, and its submission to the interests of capital. Therefore, the magazine Veja adapted its contempt and approach to the contemporary religious perspectives of its readers, in order to win him over as a faithful consumer. Such an option is better perceived in the decline of topics dealing with the organizational and political aspects of religion, in favor of impact and spectacular topics with an acritical posture. Through a frequency and contempt analysis of the cover news of Veja, this study proposed specifically to investigate the adapting posture of this magazine to the expectations of its postmodern consumers.


James H. Kinley was a Union soldier in the Civil War for forty-seven months. He participated in two major campaigns, sev eral battles, and a number of skirmishes. According to his obituary in the Goshen, Indiana, Daily News-Times of February 17, 1919, he served two enlistments, the first with "Co. E, 7th Missourians," the second with "Co. A, 13th Indiana veterans." After the war he was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Oddly enough, however, Kinley's name cannot be found on any army roster. When he was seventy-seven and I was five years old, James H. Kinley was my next-door neighbor and good friend in Goshen. I knew that he had been in the Civil War because he told me stories about pranks that he and other soldiers had played during the con flict, but he said nothing about the battles depicted in the pictures hanging on the Kinleys' front parlor wall. In one of the stories Mr. Kinley related how some captured Yankees would torment their Confederate guards. One of the prisoners would hold a silhouette cutout so that the light of the campfire would reflect a large black and-white portrait of Abraham Lincoln on the white wall of a nearby building. The guards would always respond the way the prisoners hoped they would?yelling mad. The evening that Mr. Kinley told me this story he demonstrated how the cutout worked using the glow from the coal stove in the living room to reflect the portrait on the wall. He then gave a copy of the cutout to his en tranced listener. My mother tucked it away for safe keeping after writing on it, "Given to Mac by our neighbor, Mr. Kinley, who had been a prisoner in Libby Prison during the Civil War?this was made by a fellow prisoner." It was this cutout that had me reading Mr. Kinley's obituary seventy years after his death. My sister had found the silhouette


The management teaching work has higher requirements for students' speculative consciousness, management thoughts, behavioral awareness and innovative spirit. Therefore, in order to ensure the high-efficiency of teaching activities, teachers need to break the old management concepts and combine the continuous development of the times to improve teaching Only by innovating the teaching content can we cultivate management talents that are more in line with the development requirements of the new era.


Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.


With rapid development of China's higher education and constant enlargement of college enrollment, it is a must to cause a strong competition for resources of students and the propaganda of enrollment has become one of the main means to win new students, so many colleges and universities have attached some importance to their propaganda of enrollment. While investing a lot of man power, materials and money in the propaganda of enrollment, it is necessary for us to consider and explore the propaganda of enrollment and its effeciency of the medium application.


Throughout the past five decades numerous studies have identified nuclear energy as an enhancing or enabling technology for human surface exploration missions. Nuclear energy sources were used to provide electricity on Apollo missions 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17, and on the Mars Viking landers. Nuclear energy sources were used to provide heat on the Pathfinder; Spirit, and Discovery rovers. Scenarios have been proposed that utilize -1 kWe radioisotope systems for early missions, followed by fission systems in the 10 - 30 kWe range when energy requirements increase. A fission energy source unit size of approximately 150 kWt has been proposed based on previous lunar and Mars base architecture studies. Such a unit could support both early and advanced bases through a building block approach.


Renaissance is studied. Coverage, so far as subject matter is concerned, is not restricted to any single national theater. The chronological limits of the Renaissance are interpreted liberally, and space is available for essays on precursors, as well as on the utilization of Renaissance themes by later writers. Investigations hedding light on theatrical history and actual stage production are especially welcome, as are comparative studies. Editorial policy favors articles of some scope. Essays that are exploratory in nature, that are concerned with critical or scholarly methodology, that raise new questions or embody fresh approaches to perennial problems are particularly appropriate for a publication which originated from the proceedings of the Modern Language Association Conference on Research Opportunities in Renaissance Drama. The 1970 volume will be devoted mainly to drama in its intellectual context. Contributions offered for publication should be addressed to the Editor, Renaissance Drama, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, E vans ton, Illinois 60201. Prospective contributors are requested to follow the recommendations of the MLA Style Sheet (revised edition) in preparing manuscripts. For quotations from Shakespeare the Alexander edition is used.


Continuous evaluation of preterm infants' spontaneous motility proved to be a decisive tool for timely diagnosing the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Automatic infants' limbs pose estimation is a powerful ally to support clinicians in infant's monitoring. This work proposes an end-to-end pipeline for limb-pose estimation based on a region-based convolutional neural network, named Mask R-CNN. The framework was validated on a custom dataset of 6000 depth images from 30 videos of 19 preterm infants acquired in a neonatal intensive care unit during the actual clinical practice. Leave-one-infant-out cross-validation was performed to evaluate the framework performance. Results for joints' detection showed a mean average precision equal to 0.9 with a standard deviation of 0.2. For limb-pose estimation, median root mean square error [pixel] was equal to 6.8 (right arm), 6.7 (left arm), 6.5 (right leg), 6.5 (left leg). The interquartile ranges [pixels] were 1.1, 1.2, 0.6, 1.2 for each limb, respectively. This end - to-end framework represents a step toward embedded monitoring solutions for on-the-edge computation.


A new method for statistically analyzing the data of the orthogonal trial,Grey Relation Analysis(GRA),is put forward.Applying GRA to statistical analysis for the non-interacting orthogonal trial,the grey relation degrees of each factor for trial results are obtained,and the principal-secondary sequence of factors and the optimum trial condition are given.


Association rules are traditionally defined as of the form AB. This form is extended to other three forms AB, AB and AB. A simple but efficient method is proposed to calculate the support and confidence of the three forms. Some problems such as self-contradictory rules may occur when studying both the positive and negative association rules simultaneously. These problems are discussed and the corresponding solution by correlation is proposed. An algorithm is also proposed to mine both positive and negative association rules from frequent itemsets. An experiment is performed and the experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can detect and then delete those self-contradictory rules.


The kinetics of human serum "y-glutamyltransferase (EC 184.108.40.206) were investigated, with use of glycyiglycine as a y-glutamyI acceptor substrate and y-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide and its carboxy derivative, y-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide, as donor substrates.The simultaneous occurrence of both y-glutamyltransfer and autotransfer was established by descending paper chromatography. Constant-ratio double-reciprocal plots confirm that the enzyme mechanism is nonsequential (ping-pong bi-bi). Inhibition by either donor was not found, and inhibition by glycylglycine was only observed at concentrationsabove those of clinical interest. Kinetic constants obtained by nonlinear regression analysis of initial velocity data were usedto determine reagentsubstrateconcentrationsfor the assay of this enzyme. An assay with use of 4 mmol of 'y-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide and 100 mmol of glycylglycine per liter yielded equivalent activities to those by assay with use of 4 mmol of 'y-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide and 40 mmol of glycylglycine per liter. These concentrations of the carboxy donor and glycylglycine are also "cost optimal" and present no procedural problems when used.


Changing patterns of domestic life mean that it is increasingly common for people to work away from home for extended periods. Communications technologies are arguably positioned to help repair ensuing emotional disconnects. We are exploring the use of technology to support re-engagement in the quotidian rituals of family life to foster emotional connectedness whilst away from home. Adopting a design research approach, we develop five sensibilities for productively critiquing and developing design proposals for such domestic technologies. These sensibilities, Temporality, Expression, Connectivity, Reciprocality and Perceivable Volume, are derived from a critical analysis of 68 extant designs, which we illustrate with six exemplars supporting differing levels of ritualistic behaviour. To demonstrate the critical utility of these sensibilities for design processes, we interrogate two early design sketches. We contribute further critical reflections on design research methods and the role of 'design critique' in technology development.


Abstract Modified cellulose bearing iminoacetate functionality was prepared through modification of cellulose with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) then leucine (CGL). Modified cellulose obtained was investigated by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and BET measurements. Modified cellulose showed powerful uptake capacities toward V(IV) ions from its aqueous solutions using batch technique. The maximum uptake capacity toward V(IV) ions at 25 °C was 54 mg/g with relatively fast kinetics. Adsorption isotherms, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were obtained and analyzed. Selective separation of V(IV)ions from a mixture containing U(VI) ions was achieved. Regeneration of the spent resin was tested using 0.2 M H2SO4 with up to 95% recovery percentage. Graphical Abstract


Introduction The body is made up of many types of cells. Each type of cell has special functions when cells lose the ability to control their growth, they divide too often and without any order. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a tumor. Tumors are benign or malignant. There are three methods of segmentation. These are Snakes (Gradient Vector Flow), Level Set Segmentation and Watershed Segmentation [a].The aim of this work is to design an automated tool for brain tumor quantification using MRI image data sets.. More specifically the aim for this work is to segment a tumor in a brain. This will make the surgeon able to see the tumor and then ease the treatment. The instruments needed for this could be ultrasound, Computer Tomography (CT Scan) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this Paper, the technique used is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Medical image segmentation is the process of labeling each voxel in a medical image dataset to indicate its tissue type or anatomical structure. The input to a segmentation procedure is gray scale digital medical imagery, for example the result of a CT or MRI scan. The following paper deals with: section 2 presents methodology for segmentation and shows their corresponding result. Section 3 explains image processing in fpga. Section 4 summarizes and concludes the paper. References are given in section 5 Methodology for Segmentation A conceptually simple supervised block-based and imagebased (shape, texture, and content) technique has been used to analyze MRI brain images with relatively lower computational requirements. The process flow of the methodology is shown in Fig.1 Fig.1. Methodology In this instance, this three specific features: the edges (E), gray values (G), and local contrast (H) of the pixels in the block being analyzed. Preprocessing The Preprocessing is used for loading the Input MRI images to the MATLAB Environment and also it removes any kind of noise present in the input images. In Preprocessing the first step is to load the MRI image data set on to the MATLAB workspace and after loading they will be processed in such a way that instead of processing 128 images in one direction a whole clip of 128 images is processed by one command, otherwise it would have been very hectic situation for processing each and every image independently. Thus after this processing there are only three clips instead of 384 separate images, i.e. one clip for axial images, one clip for saggital images and one clip for coronal images. After that all the clips are combined to get the single clip for further processing. Gray parameter Gray parameter[b] avoids the need to scale the data-to color mapping, which would be required if we used a color map of a


T he controversy that has stirred around the art of the ancient Egyptians, has made it clearer than ever it was before that the aim of all worthy criticism should be to attain a truthful judgment, uninfluenced by the claims of passing fashion, and untrammelled by the habit of crude comparison. An art which has a standard of its own cannot be justly measured by the values of another brought into being by different national conditions and religious influences. Some of the criticism called forth by the aesthetic activities of this ancient people has been derogatory and unfair in character, and this must be my excuse for the following preliminary and, as it might seem, digressive remarks. When we are considering this question in all its forms, I trust that if I speak of it with reverence, I may not be understood to infer that this art admitted of no further refinement in its developments, for that is not my meaning. What I do mean is this. Although it may need certain superadditions, it can, in the real sense, be little improved. With all its failings—and to us its apparent incongruities—the real message is there for all who can take it, and perhaps the stronger because it has been kept within its own limits, and has never been purely imitative in character.


Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field which offers a promising new technology to create artificial constructs for regeneration of tissues. One important aspect of bone tissue engineering is to build scaffolds with interconnected 3-D porous structure in order to mimic natural bone architecture. In this work, co-continuous micro-porous scaffolds made of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with 50% porosity and PLLA/hydroxyapatite (HA) with 40% porosity were prepared by injection molding of an immiscible polymer blend with polystyrene as sacrificial material. The sacrificial material was then removed by solvent leaching with cyclohexane. The porous PLLA/HA matrix supported murine osteoblast (7F2) cell growth for up to 9 days, suggesting that that the introduction and replacement of sacrificial material had no negative effects on cell proliferation. In vitro studies also indicate an increase in mineralization by osteoblasts cultured on the porous structure, as compared to cells cultured on solid scaffold. One month subcutaneous degradation tests showed a mild foreign body reaction and complete fibrous encapsulation. Following surgical implantation of the scaffolds into circular defects in canine tibia, we observed after 12 weeks new bone tissue grew into the porous structures. Taken together our data suggest that interconnected porous structures with good cytocompatibility and increased mineralization in vitro paired with enhanced osteoinductive properties in vivo suggest a great potential of the porous PLLA/HA for inducing and sustaining bone tissue repair.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Sildenafil, the most common drug prescribed for male erectile dysfunction, with over $2 billion in annual sales, acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 ( PDE5 ). BRAF mutations are associated with approximately 50% of melanomas, and recent studies show that the B-Raf protein also inhibits PDE5 . To examine whether sildenafil increases risk for invasive melanoma, investigators accessed data on 25,848 participants, 5.3% of whom had taken sildenafil within the previous 3 months and 6.3% of whom …


A stochastic simulation based chaos quantum honey bee algorithm(CQHBA) is designed for solving the complex stochastic programming problem. A proof of convergence is developed and the convergence speed of the algorithm is analyzed. Through analyzing the uncertainty and system errors of a 6 DOF space robot based on the differential transformation method,a stochastic mathematical model is built. To realize fault tolerance operation before and after the joint failures,the considerations on both kinematical and dynamical restrictions are taken into account. The optimal trajectory of the manipulator all along the work time before and after its joint failure is computed by CQHBA with minimal weighted driver torque as the performance optimization objective. Through lowering the motion velocity of the abnormal joint,the allowed torque of the abnormal joint is reduced. The algorithm guarantees that the manipulator has high manipulability after joint failure moment to accomplish its task successively,and lower the joint torque. A case study is presented to investigate the efficiency,stability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.


The Xincheng gold deposit has been mined for more than 20 years and the service life of its remaining ore tonnage decreases gradually,thus affecting the sustainable development of the mine.The discovery of blind orebody NoV demonstrates that the deep part of the deposit has favorable geological conditions for ore deposition and thus provides grounds for ore search in the second concentration zone at depths of the mine.This paper furnishes information of important reference value for the study of the metallogeny of gold deposits in Jiaodong and the direction in ore prospecting in the deep part of the deposit.


Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is known to be effective in reducing recurrent ischemic attacks. sometimes accompanied with the functional improvement, for patients with internal carotid artery (lCA) flow lesions by increase in perfusion and/or removal of embolic sources. However. the exact mechanism of how the CEA affects the cerebral metabolism in relations to the perfusion increase in noninfarcted hypoperfused peripheral areas to the center of the lesion (e.g., ischemic penumbra or border zone) is not yet clearly known. The existence of the tschemic penumbra and its long-term viability has also been argued. We designed a prospective study to investigate the metabolic changes in the ischemic penumbra for patients with ICA flow lesions and cerebral infarct (or ischemia) before and after CEA using localized in vivo proton magnetic resonancespectroscopy (lH-MRS). The results of lH-MRSshowed significantly decreased choline (Cho}/creatine (Cr) and increased N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cho ratios in the periphery of the lesion for the patients after CEAas compared to those who underwent only medical treatments. The more significant changes In the cerebral metabolite levels were observed in the patients who showed the improved cerebral perfusion by single photon emission computed tomography after CEA than in those who did not. In conclusion, our data suggest the existence of the Ischemic penumbra, which were viable for a longer period than previously thought: CEAseems to Improve the cerebral metabolism that may result from the improved perfusion at the ischemic penumbra. © 2001 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved


Chaptalia nutans is species whose medicinal value has been studied thoroughly, and aspects regarding seed germination are important to define better propagation practices. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the germination response of C. nutans seeds to conditions of light and temperature, as well as osmotic and saline stresses and potassium nitrate. Four experiments were conducted: a) combination of four temperatures (20oC, 25oC, 30oC and laboratory atmosphere) with two light conditions (presence or absence); b) ten levels of osmotic stress induced with manitol (0.0; -0.05; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; -0.5; -0.6; -0.7 and -0.8 MPa); c) eight levels of saline stress induced with NaCl (0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; -0.5; -0.6 and -0.7 MPa) and d) combination of two levels of potassium nitrate (presence or absence) with two temperatures (20 and 25 oC) and two levels of light (presence or absence). Germination of C. nutans seeds was maximized under light, at constant temperatures of 25 , 30 oC, or room temperature between 19 and 31 oC. There was no germination reduction with osmotic stress of up to -0.6 MPa and saline stress of up to -0.5 MPa. The addition of potassium nitrate did not promote any increase in the germination.


Background The baroreflex plays an essential role in regulating the cardiovascular system. However, very few studies have focused on the links between genetic polymorphisms and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Methods A total of 146 hypertensive individuals who had never been treated, and 105 healthy individuals (controls) were included in the study. The genotypes of 17 polymorphisms of 11 genes involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system were studied. BRS was measured using a sequence method: BRS was evaluated as the slope of spontaneous increases [systolic blood pressure (SBP)+/reflex response (RR)+] or decreases (SBP−/RR−) in SBP and pulse interval by recording blood pressure (BP) continuously for 20 min. Results Following univariate analysis, the genetic polymorphism of endothelin receptor A EDNRA/C+1222T was found to be significantly correlated with the BRS (SBP−/RR−) level in both populations. In normotensive subjects, mean BRS values (SBP−/RR−) were 11.93 ± 3.69 ms/mmHg in EDNRA CC homozygotes, 9.94 ± 2.97 ms/mmHg in CT heterozygotes and 9.51 ± 3.16 ms/mmHg in TT homozygotes (P = 0.01). In hypertensive subjects, mean BRS values (SBP−/RR−) were 9.26 ± 3.59 ms/mmHg in EDNRA CC homozygotes, 9.03 ± 4.14 ms/mmHg in CT heterozygotes and 6.60 ± 2.42 ms/mmHg in TT homozygotes (P = 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, SBP and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index, the EDNRA/C+1222T polymorphism remained significantly correlated with BRS in both normotensive (P = 0.01) and hypertensive (P = 0.01) subjects. Conclusions These results suggest that the endothelin system may be involved in the regulation of BRS in humans. In particular, the T allele of the EDNRA/C+1222T polymorphism is associated with a reduction in BRS in both healthy and hypertensive subjects.


Circulating fluid-bed boiler is Cleaning burning boiler.It's fuel is adaptable,So different from coal burning according to this,thus,We give the introduction of circulating fluid-bed control system.


The vast majority of biologists engaged in evolutionary studies interpret virtually every aspect of biodiversity in adaptive terms. This narrow view of evolution has become untenable in light of recent observations from genomic sequencing and population-genetic theory. Numerous aspects of genomic architecture, gene structure, and developmental pathways are difficult to explain without invoking the nonadaptive forces of genetic drift and mutation. In addition, emergent biological features such as complexity , modularity, and evolvability, all of which are current targets of considerable speculation, may be nothing more than indirect by-products of processes operating at lower levels of organization. These issues are examined in the context of the view that the origins of many aspects of biological diversity, from gene-structural embellishments to novelties at the phenotypic level, have roots in nonadaptive processes, with the population-genetic environment imposing strong directionality on the paths that are open to evolutionary exploitation. A lthough biologists have always been concerned with complex phenotypes, the matter has recently become the subject of heightened speculation, as a broad array of academics, from nearly every branch of science other than evolutionary biology itself, claim to be in possession of novel insights into the evolution of complexity. The claims are often spectacular. For example, Kirschner and Gerhart (1) argue that evolutionary biology has been ''woefully inadequate'' with respect to understanding the origins of complexity and promise ''an original solution to the long-standing puzzle of how small random genetic change can be converted into complex, useful innovations.'' However, this book and many others like it (e.g., refs. 2–5) provide few references to work done by evolutionary biologists, making it difficult to understand the perceived areas of inadequacy , and many of the ideas promoted are known to be wrong, making it difficult to appreciate the novelty. Have evolutionary biologists developed a giant blind spot; are scientists from outside of the field reinventing a lot of bad wheels; or both? Evolutionary biology is treated unlike any science by both academics and the general public. For the average person, evolution is equivalent to natural selection, and because the concept of selection is easy to grasp, a reasonable understanding of comparative biology is often taken to be a license for evolutionary speculation. It has long been known that natural selection is just one of several mechanisms of evolutionary change, but the myth that all of evolution can be explained by adaptation continues to be perpetuated …


WLAN is conjuncted by computer network and wireless technology from 1990s.Now more and more telecommunications operator,corporations,families and individuals attach importance to WLAN because of its convenient expansibility,which helps WLAN can not only be regarded as important supplement of lineate Broad Band,but major wireless Broad Band for covering hotspots.WLAN mesh is one branch of WLAN,and has its special advantages in covering wild open areas,which bunches many wireless sopts to plane.This article discusses from the base of WLAN technology to WLAN mesh technology and applications evolution.


The strain of Serratia marcescet~s QM B1466 produces selectively large amount of chitinolytic enzymes (about lmg/L medium). Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin to Nacetyl-/3-D-glucosamine (NAG) was performed with a system consisting of two hydrolases(chitinase and chitobiase) produced by optimization of a microbial host consuming chitin particles. For the development of Lm'ge-scale biological process for the production of NAG from chitinaceous waste, the selection and optimization of a microbial host, particle size of chitin and pretreatment of chitin source were investigated. Also, the effect of crab/shrimp chitin sources and initial induction time using chitin as a sole carbon source on chitinase/chitobiase production and NAG production were examined. Crab-shell chitin(1.5%) treated by dilute acid and, ball-milled with a nominal diameter less than 250m gave the highest chitinase activity over a 7 days culture. Crude chitinase/ chi~biase solution obtained in a 10 L fed-batch fermentation showed a maximum activities of 23.6 U/mL and 5.1 U/mL, respectively with a feeding time of 3 hrs, near pH 8.5 at 30~(2.


Formation of impurity levels by doping and control of valence bands by substitution with suitable elements into photocatalyst materials are useful strategies for sensitization of metal oxide photocatalysts with a wide band gap to visible light. In the present study, we demonstrated energy gap narrowing of a metal oxide photocatalyst by coapplication of the doping and the substitution. Rh-doped and Ag(I)-substituted Li2TiO3 (AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2:Rh, 2.2–2.3 eV) was successfully synthesized from Rh-doped Li2TiO3 (Li2TiO3:Rh, 3.0–3.2 eV) with a molten AgNO3 treatment. The AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2:Rh possessed a narrower energy gap than either Li2TiO3:Rh or Ag(I)-substituted Li2TiO3 (AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2, 2.8 eV). The AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2:Rh showed the activity for photocatalytic O2 evolution from an aqueous AgNO3 solution under irradiation of light with wavelength longer than 480 nm under which AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2 did not show the activity. The photocatalytic activity of AgLi1/3Ti2/3O2:Rh for the sacrificial O2 evolution became ∼4 times gre...


Most of us have speculated on when archaeological reports would become available on CD. We have also daydreamed at the multimedia ability that they could incorporate. What kind of format would work best? How would one balance the current glamour of sound bits, video clips, and crossed-linked files with massive databases and text which would keep the viewer engaged and informed? This review will examine Excavating Occaneechi Town, by the University of North Carolina Press, and GIS and Archaeology: A Demonstration, by the Maryland Historical Trust. These two archaeology CDs offer two different presentations. While quite dissimilar in purpose, they are pioneers in the field of archaeology on CD-ROM. Excavating Occaneechi Town is the more complex of the two offerings. Not only is it a complete excavation report, it also contains material that makes it applicable for classroom use. Occaneechi Town is a contact period Native


Personal learning environment or PLE is a relatively new concept that is premised on social media technologies and steadily gaining ground as an effective platform for student learning. PLEs are student-designed around each student's goals or learning approach requiring students to engage in self-regulated learning (SRL) to succeed. The aim of the present study is to examine how students create PLEs using social media and the extent to which they engage in SRL in the process. Five participants, two males and three females, participated in this study. Using a case study approach these participants were interviewed to uncover what processes of SRL they use while developing their PLE and whether social media are effective learning and development tools. The findings show that PLE development engages students in SRL particularly in the processes of goal setting, task strategies, self-monitoring and self-evaluation. The findings also revealed that participants reported being intrinsically motivated in using social media to create their PLE. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.


The influence of antimony addition on the temperature of the silicon melt surface was studied. It was found that the temperature of the silicon melt surface in a quartz crucible decreased due to evaporation of antimony oxide. This tendency was more pronounced under low pressure in the chamber. In the cases of less amount of antimony addition, the temperature variations were ambiguous. An approximate estimate for the latent heat of evaporation of species from the silicon melt surface was carried out based on our experimental results. The preliminary estimated result for the latent heat of evaporation of species was in the range of 110 to 170 kJ/mol.


Introduction and experimental features In many ICRF heated discharges (hydrogen minority heating) at ASDEX-Upgrade a variety of fast particle driven modes can be observed. In order to determine their nature and their possible impact on fast particle transport, a broad set of diagnostics is employed: the Mirnov coils show clearly the footprints of all electromagnetic modes with finite perturbation at the plasma edge and allow for a reliable mode number identification. The soft x-ray cameras deliver valuable information about the radial mode position. Finally, the energy and the pitch angle of expelled particles can be directly measured by the fast-ion-loss detector (FILD) diagnostic allowing to reconstruct possible resonance conditions and the mode amplitude evolution. During an IRCF power ramp, the toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes (TAE) with typical mode numbers n = 4...7 at typically 200 280 kHz appear first, indicating that they are the least damped modes under these experimental conditions. At higher heating power another electromagnetic mode at about 70 110kHz is observed, a so-called 'BAE' [1, 2] or 'sierpes' [3] mode. At ASDEX-Upgrade this mode seems to be closely connected with the appearance of a q = 1 surface and therefore with sawtooth oscillations (see Fig. 2). Its mode numbers are n = 4 with a dominant m = 4 component and it is located radially at ρ pol � 0.2 0.4 (SXR reconstruction with the MHD-IC code [4]). It has been demonstrated that this mode is non-Alfvenic since neither B-field ramps nor density changes influence the mode frequency. Furthermore, the appearance of the 'BAE' mode enhances the FILD-losses induced by the TAE mode [3] suggesting a possible 'channelling' effect between the 'BAE' and the TAE. As in earlier publications [2], no clear scaling with only the ion sound speed or only the dia


Power supply means for starting and supplying a lamp (22) - a DC power source (14) - a DC converter (16) for converting a first DC voltage signal from the DC power source into a second DC signal of predetermined size and for supplying the second DC voltage signal to the lamp, - a direct current detector (24) for generating a direct current representative signal as a measure of the lamp (22) from the DC-DC converter (16) supplied current, - a DC power detector for generating a DC-power representative signal as a measure of the lamp supplied from the DC-DC converter DC power, - an error signal generator for generating a direct current error signal as a measure of a difference between the said DC representative signal and a predetermined DC reference signal and generating a DC power error signal as a measure of the difference between the DC power representative signal and a predetermined DC -Leistungs reference signal, wherein the error signal generator delivers at its output a direct-current error signal for a predetermined period after the start of operation of the power supply device, and ...


Based on the introduction of different detection methods to some emplastic earth foundation reinforcing effect,the reinforcing detection effect situation of some emplastic earth foundation engineering were compared,and the relative size and discrete variable degree of foundation bearing with different methods were analyzed.


Abstract We investigate the exceptional set E δ ( X ,  h ) associated with the asymptotic formula for the number of primes in short intervals; see Section 1 for the definition. We first obtain two results about the basic structure of this set, proving the inertia and decrease properties; see Theorem 1. Then we turn to estimates for the size of E δ ( X ,  h ), showing that non-trivial bounds for | E δ ( X ,  h )| can be obtained when h ( x )= x θ and 1/6 θ


A rejoinder is offered on the three reviews of Daniel's article (this issue) by Thompson, Knapp, and Levin. It is concluded that the controversy over statistical significance testing will no doubt continue. Nevertheless, the gradual movement of the field toward requiring additional information in the reporting of statistical results is viewed as evidence of a positive response to long-term criticisms of statistical significance testing.


Objective
To explore the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) in infants.

Methods
The clinical data, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were analyzed for 5 MRT patients from January 2009 to December 2014.

Results
There were 3 boys and 2 girls with an average age of 70 days.And the diagnostic time was 1 day to 330 days.Tumors were detected in kidney (n=1) and skin soft tissue (n=4). The neoplastic stages were I (n=1) and IV (n=4). All of them underwent local wide resection with regional lymph node dissection.Tumors had infiltrated the surrounding tissue with intravascular tumor emboli in 3 patients.Classified as stage IV, they abandoned treatment, recurred at Day 5-7 and died at Day 14-28 post-operation.And the average age was 21 days.In one patient with renal MRT, intravascular tumor emboli were detected intraoperatively in renal cortex and multiple pulmonary tumor nodules visualized on computed tomography (CT). Tumor was classified as stage IV.After 5 cycles of chemotherapy, metastatic lung tumor expanded.This patient survived for 6 months postoperatively.In another patient with perineal MRT, tumor showed no invasion into the surrounding tissue and no intravascular emboli and it was classified as stage I. Without chemotherapy, this patient survived without recurrence or metastasis up to 3 years postoperatively.Among 4 cases of stage IV MRT, 75%(3/4) died within 6 months and 100% within 1 year postoperatively.The mortality rate rose with the stage of tumor.The histological characteristics of MRT were rhabdoid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm often containing hyaline inclusions, eccentric oval nuclei and prominent nucleoli.Immunohistochemically, vimentin, CK and EMA were positive while INI1 was negative.

Conclusions
As a rare highly aggressive malignancy in young children with early metastasis and recurrence, MRT is usually in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and its outcomes are poor.Early total resection often yields a longer survival.

Key words:
Malignant tumor; Infantum; Pathologic characteristics; Diagnosis and treatment; Prognosis


Making a comparative analysis between the present and past status of the soil on Wanlingqing hills showed there was a tendency of soil acidation. Although small fluctuation in the PH happened, there was an obvious increase in the total amount of Ex (Exchangable) acid, especially Ex Al(Aluminium) which had risen to 3.6-7.5 times as much as the old value in 1960^s, while the Ex or Ca(calcium), the degree of base saturation and the ratio of Ca/Al from more than 1 in the past to less than 1 at present dropped obviously. The variance was evident between the soil indexes in severely damaged bamboo forests and those damaged slightly.


The differential cross sections and the average energy loss of fast protons in the reactions p+/sup 3/H..-->..p/sub F/+X and p+/sup 3/He..-->..p/sub F/+X are investigated by means of a liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics of diameter 80 cm, exposed in a beam of 2.5 GeV/c tritium nuclei (primary-proton kinetic energy in the rest system of the nucleus T/sub p/ = 0.318 GeV) and in a beam of 5-GeV/c /sup 3/He nuclei (T/sub p/ = 0.978 GeV). The experimental results are compared with the predictions based on sum rules for differential cross sections and average energy loss in the Glauber-Sitenko theory of multiple scattering and with use of the completeness condition for the wave functions of the excited states of the nucleus and locality of the nuclear potential. Good agreement between the data and the theoretical predictions is observed at 2.5 GeV/c. A discrepancy between the Glauber sum-rule predictions and the data at 5 GeV/c is explained by the production of the ..delta.. isobar in the intermediate state. It is established that the possible admixture of six-quark bags in the nuclei /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He does not exceed 5%.


In this study, the SE-SBM model considering undesirable outputs was used to measure the water utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2016, and the panel threshold model was used to estimate the impact of environmental regulation and foreign direct investment (FDI) agglomeration on water utilization efficiency. The results show that the water utilization efficiency presents a "U"-shaped trend as a whole, declines incrementally along the eastern, central, and western regions of the economic belt, and that the water utilization efficiency of the economic belt first converges and then diverges. In the estimation of the double threshold panel model, when the per capita GDP is lower than 2.635 or greater than 12.058 thousand dollars, the environmental regulation shows a significant positive effect. Otherwise, the environmental regulation barely shows a significant negative effect. FDI has not had a great impact on water resources utilization efficiency, and neither the "pollution aura" nor "pollution shelter" are significant. When the per capita GDP is lower than 2.184 or greater than 12.058 thousand dollars, FDI can significantly improve the water utilization efficiency through environmental regulation. Besides, the positive effects of technological innovation and foreign trade dependence are significant, and so are the negative effects of industrialization. Differentiated environmental regulation policies should be formulated; industrial upgrade should be promoted; innovation of water-saving and emission reduction should be strengthened in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.


A commercial-scale coke oven chamber was shock-cooled during the carbonization process, the state of carbonization inside the coke oven was studied, and analyzed the pieces sampled from the oven. Authers clarified the following facts from these studies and analyses.(1) There were two distinct features about the density distribution inside lump coke obtained from the shock-cooled oven. One was the layered density distribution in the direction parallel to the oven wall. The other was the steep decrease of the density in the part from 60 to 90mm from the oven wall.(2) We could make clear the above two facts by taking into consideration the following investigations. Gas pressure in the plastic layer changed with fluctuations of gas pressure in coal layer, and the shape of bubbles in the plastic layer were deformed with these gas pressure fluctuations.(3) Depending on the layered density distribution, permeability and tensile strength of coke have different values in the directions of oven length and width respectively.