unstructured, 121/100 words): Currently, there are major EU-based projects funded to better utilise wearables as useful diagnostic aids/tools in clinical settings as well for deployment in the home to capture habitual ageing processes. To date, there is little investigation to discuss the translation of those tools beyond the geographical regions in which they are developed and implemented. Our objective was to examine pragmatic issues/challenges facing use of wearables in a diverse low resource, middle-income country like Brazil. We found barriers to their understanding and adoption converge on three themes: (i) regional inequalities; (ii) knowledge and resources and; (iii) trust. Current large scale projects should consider the scalability and implementation of their methods given those themes, facilitating a stratified and global approach to healthy ageing. 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118


Operational issues frequently occurred in the aeration system in MSBR tank of a wastewater treatment plant.These problems involve insufficient aeration in aeration tanks,sludge accumulation in SBR tanks,gas leaking in the settling stage and so on.To overcome these disadvantages,the reasons are analyzed and then the optimization measures are proposed and taken with a good result.


Lateral fl ow separation occurs in rivers where banks exhibit strong curvature. In canyon-bound rivers, lateral recirculation zones are the principal storage of fi ne-sediment deposits. A parallelized, three-dimensional, turbulence-resolving model was developed to study the fl ow structures along lateral separation zones located in two pools along the Colorado River in Marble Canyon. The model employs the detached eddy simulation (DES) technique, which resolves turbulence structures larger than the grid spacing in the interior of the fl ow. The DES-3D model is validated using Acoustic Doppler Current Pro fi ler fl ow measurements taken during the 2008 controlled fl ood release from Glen Canyon Dam. A point-to-point validation using a number of skill metrics, often employed in hydrological research, is proposed here for fl uvial modeling. The validation results show predictive capabilities of the DES model. The model reproduces the pattern and magnitude of the velocity in the lateral recirculation zone, including the size and position of the primary and secondary eddy cells, and return current. The lateral recirculation zone is open, having continuous import of fl uid upstream of the point of reattachment and export by the recirculation return current downstream of the point of separation. Differences in magnitude and direction of near-bed and near-surface velocity vectors are found, resulting in an inward vertical spiral. Interaction between the recirculation return current and the main fl ow is dynamic, with large temporal changes in fl ow direction and magnitude. Turbulence structures with a predominately vertical axis of vorticity are observed in the shear layer becoming three-dimensional without preferred orientation downstream. model using Detached Eddy to study canyon bound rivers at the scale of the river-reach This is a novel river-scaled DES-3D model used to study eddy recirculation zones, secondary fl ows, eddy pulsations, and vorticity structures (cid:129) The DES-3D results show higher model predictive capabilities to simulate turbulent structures in comparison with two-dimensional models


In order to shorten injection mold design of products,improve the product development cycle of economic benefits and make products to be more rational mould structure scheme.The integrative CAE analysis for plastic pipe joints by using Moldflow software.Through the filling,flow,the pressure and the clamping force simulation analysis,forecast the potential defects plastic parts and add in modification.The results are as follows:the minimum aspect ratio is 1.159,The maximum aspect ratio is 14.076.When filling speed in 3.74 s start pressure switch,For maximum flow rate is 10.74cm3/s.The filling stage finish in 3.863 s,the process of filling in 3.74s and the largest pressure 0.68 Mpa,mould clamping force for peak 0.22tonne place in 4.53s.


The potential of colophony fumes from soldering flux to induce asthma has been known since the 1970s, however, no direct in vitro or in vivo evidence has been reported. The present study investigated the potential of colophony to stimulate human phagocytic cells to produce reactive oxygen species.


Colonization with multidrug-resistant vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) can become a serious problem, because there is no proven therapy in case of an infection, and there is the risk of transfer of glycopeptide resistance to other organisms. Schuster and coworkers from the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Munich, reported a study of VRE colonization among pediatric oncology patients. Stool samples were taken from all patients of the pediatric oncology unit from March 1996 until June 1997. Barrier isolation was introduced in May 1996 and prudent use of glycopeptide antibiotics in July 1996. The results indicated that 24 (50%) of the 48 patients were colonized with VRE. Eleven (46%) of these 24 patients were VRE carriers at the time of their first examination; 9 patients (37%) acquired VRE during their therapy, and 4 patients (17%) had come from other hospitals and already were VREpositive when they entered the unit. In March 1997, 1 year after the outbreak, only four patients still were VRE-positive; by June 1997, all were VREnegative. The average time of colonization was 12.5 weeks. Seventeen (70%) of the 24 colonized patients had received glycopeptide antibiotics, 16 of them within 2 months before the appearance of VRE in their stool. Five colonized patients died, four of their oncological illness and one because of sepsis without proof of VRE in his blood. In the end, none of the patients suffered from a VRE infection, and the transfer of glycopeptide resistance to other organisms was not observed. It was concluded that, with barrier isolation and a very restrictive use of glycopeptide antibiotics, VRE colonization can be decreased and even stopped. In spite of the high number of colonized patients, no VRE disease occurred. From: Schuster F, Graubner UB, Schmid I, Weiss M, Belohradsky BH. Vancomycin resistant enterococci— colonization of 24 patients on a pediatric oncology unit. Klin Padiatr 1998;210:261-263.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a thermally conductive interface sheet, comprising a substrate and carbon nanowires, the substrate and having a second surface opposite to the first surface, said first surface of said first substrate surface and the second surface is provided with the carbon nanowire, the nanowire carbon arranged in an array, wherein the substrate comprises a flexible composite material of a metal thin film, or the substrate comprises a flexible graphite and solder at least one alloy, the flexible film is a composite metal surface is coated with a flexible metal thin film of nickel, silver or gold, a thermally conductive interface material which has good thermal conductivity, and can be attached to the pickup place, easy industrial production and use. Embodiment of the present invention further provides a method of preparing thermally conductive interface materials, high yield, low cost and easy to control product quality. Embodiments of the present invention further provides a heat dissipation system.


This paper investigated the determination of amygdalin content in Nectarine Nucleolus by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. The borax solution of 20 mmol concentration containing 15% methanol was chosen as buffer solution. The experiment was performed at a constant voltage of 18kV and UV detection wavelength of 210 nm. The content of amygdalin in Nectarine Nucleolus was 108.01 mg/g (RSD = 5.9%) (n = 6). The average recovery was 95.7%. This method is suitable for the detection of the content of amygdalin in Nectarine Nucleolus.


China's Food and Agriculture: Issues for the 21st Century / AIB-775 47 Since the beginning of rural economic reforms in the late 1970s, rural incomes and living standards in China have improved dramatically, most notably during the early 1980s when productivity increased rapidly following the return to family farming. Real rural per capita incomes were nearly six times higher in 2000 than in 1978 (fig. N-1). However, income growth began from a very low base, and was uneven over time. Urban incomes grew even faster over the reform period, and China now has one of the largest urban-rural income disparities on record anywhere. According to China's official statistics, rural incomes in 2000 were only 36 percent of urban incomes on average, compared with 77 percent in the United States. The growing urban-rural gap is partly attributable to policies historically biased in favor of urban areas, such as extractive rural procurement and taxation policies, biased investments, and a strict resident permit system that clearly divided urban and rural populations. The gap also is the result of rapid industrial growth in urban areas and restrictions on labor mobility that have prevented rural workers from benefiting fully from that growth.


Pedunculate (Quercus robur L.) and sessile (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) oaks are known to display different ecological requirements, par- ticularly relative to root hypoxia induced by water-logging. Q. robur is more tolerant to hypoxia than Q. petraea. We designed an experiment aiming at identifying morphological and physiological responses to root hypoxia that might differ between the two species. Potted seedlings were submitted during seven weeks to a water-logging treatment with O2 concentrations below 3 mg L −1 in the vicinity of roots. The treatment induced growth ces- sation in both species. Q. petraea displayed a lower tolerance to hypoxia as demonstrated by the higher number of seedlings suffering shoot dieback and leaf chlorosis as compared to Q. robur .T his difference should be related to the high number of adventitious roots and hypertrophied lenticels that were formed in Q. robur, compared to Q. petraea. In the fine roots of the two species, the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), the key enzyme of the fermentative pathway, was stimulated after 24 h of water-logging. Transcripts of PDC increased after 48 h of water-logging in Q. robur and not in Q. petraea. Interestingly, transcripts of haemoglobin (Hb) (possibly involved in the putative nitric oxide cycle) followed the same pattern of response than those of PDC. Enzymes of the sucrose degradation pathway displayed decreased activities after 3 weeks of water-logging, probably due to decreased carbohydrate availability. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), sucrose synthase (Susy), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities were higher in Q. robur after 3 weeks of water-logging. This study provided a set of markers characterizing the differences of tolerance to hypoxia between the two species for further studies on intra and inter-specific diversity.


This article describes the varieties of colored-text Qur'anic mushafs in modern Indonesia. The colors in Qur'anic texts started at 2005s. There is at least four model of this coloredtext Qur'anis mushafs in modern. 1) Coloring the a word (Allah, Ilah, Rabb, Rahman and Rahim) with red and blue colors. 2) Coloring the letters: a) The letters are red-colored. On the top of letters, there is a number telling the tajwid and many colors for many letters for many rules of pronunciation (tajwid). This category is very common used by the publishers. 3) Coloring and Blocking the verse: a) The text of Qur'an is colored blue and some groups of verses are blocked with light blue, while other groups remain. The blue colored text (more than one word) is initial word. b) blocking the verse with certain color for certain purpose. The al-Qur'anul Karim for Special Women is the kind of category. It blocked the verses related to the women issues. Coloring the initial words of Qur'anic verses. 4) The colored text of this mushaf is at the beginning of ayats or verses, usually more than one word. The text is colored with red. This mushaf is for those who learn to memorize the Qur'an. Coloring the Qur'anic text is one of creativity in presenting mushaf. This creativity should be attracting the people to read and learn the Qur'an. Keyword: Color, Mushaf, Qur'an, Printing, Text Introduction Printing technology has influenced and changed many aspects of life. So, it is not surprising if Elizabeth L. Eisenstein (1979:9) said that the printing press as an agent of change. This technology affected to the social, political and religious life. Many pamphlets, posters and books were printed massively and disseminated widely through the world. Information and knowledge were easy to obtain. In religious life, the sacred books of all religion were printed so many people could read and study. The sacred books were not only transmitted orally and memorized at heart but also printed on the papers, so those religions adherents preserved those books in printing form. But according to the history, printing was not accepted with ease in Islamic world. Print did not begin to become established in the Islamic world until the nineteenth century, four hundred years after it began to become established in Christendom (F. Robinson, 1993:232). After the nineteenth century, the sacred book of muslims, the Qur'an was printed in many countries until now. Eva Nugraha (2015) emphasized that to meet the need of printed Qur'an, the Ministry or Religious Affairs allowed the engagement of private publishers to produce the printed Qur'an. Based on the muslims population in Indonesia, (215 million of muslims), Qur'an is needed at least 41 millions exemplars of mushaf. In fact, the state printing of Qur'an managed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs is able to produce 1.5 exemplars a year. So the private publishers have taken this market by producing the various models and style of printed Qur'an and published them after recieving the tashih license (validation license) issued by the committee for validation of Qur'anis mushaf. This committee is under the Ministry of Religious Affair. Many private publishers developed since the 1960s and mushroomed more at 1990s till now (Enang Sudjrajat, 2013). 286 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 137 International Conference on Qur'an and Hadith Studies (ICQHS 2017)


Background:  Single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is still technically demanding and usually requires specially designed instruments. This article describes our own technique, a single‐fulcrum LC using only standard ports and instruments.


The regressive analysis of the collection of 84-group domestic test data of SRC from cyclic loading experiments shows the relationship between the ratio of maximum displacement yield displacement,strengthened stiffness,degenerated stiffness and the main design parameters of SRC column,such as axial compression ratio,stirrup characteristic value,shear span ratio,stirrup volumetric percentage and concrete strength,and proposes the calculation method for the characteristic points of SRC column skeleton curve.The study arrives at following conclusions:the ratio of maximum displacement yield displacement is rising with the increase of stirrup volumetric percentage and concrete strength,and has an inverse relationship with axial compression ratio,stirrup characteristic value and shear span ratio;strengthened stiffness coefficient is in proportion to stirrup characteristic value and shear span ratio,while in inverse proportion to axial compression ratio,stirrup volumetric percentage and concrete strength;while degenerated stiffness coefficient has the positive relationship with stirrup characteristic value,shear span ratio and concrete strength,and has negative relationship with axial compression ratio and stirrup volumetric percentage,the results of which can provide reference for seismic response analysis of SRC composite structures.


The formation of N-nitrosamines in rubber articles raises concern due to the carcinogenicity of these compounds and hence measures against such nitrosamine building chemicals become necessary


Tube spinning is a metal forming process used to manufacture axisymmetric products. This study chose a seamless thick-walled steel tube to manufacture a high pressure vessel. Finite element analysis was successfully applied to the neck-spinning process of a thin-walled tube; however, previous research has not investigated the neck-spinning process of thick-walled tubes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate numerically the neck-spinning process of thick-walled tubes at an elevated temperature. The commercial software Abaqus/Explicit was adopted in the simulation. This paper compares experimental and simulation results on thickness distribution and outer contour of the spun tube. During the final stage, the average deviations between the simulation and experiment were 6.74% in thickness and 4.97% in outer contour. The simulation results correspond with those derived in the experiment.


In this paper,the author sums up how to choose the variable replacement.Appropriately to calculate the double integral calculus in the calculation with his own teaching experience.The calculation process can be simplified.


The influence of cationic wheat flours on the properties of suspensions and laboratory handsheets prepared from a mixture of SAQ semichemical pulp and recovered fibres, with and without addition of enzymatically modified sugar beet pulp (EMSBP), was investigated. The main effects of cationic flour and EMSBP are related to the improvement of handsheet strength properties (tensile and burst index, internal bond strength, CMT30 and bending resistance), which are higher in the case of simultaneous addition of cationic starches and enzymatically modified sugar beet pulp than in the case of separate addition. It was also observed that cationic flours partially compensate the negative influence of the enzymatically modified sugar beet pulp on drainage time and filtrate loading (COD, BOD5), as well as on the bending resistance and air permeability of handsheets.


Schools—their curriculum and pedagogy—assume the middle-class child as the norm, effectively rendering other childhoods and life-worlds as being deficient. Shifting away from this assumption, and acknowledging diversity, is usually understood as requiring an 'attitudinal' shift on the part of teachers. Teachers are usually held 'guilty' of having negative attitudes towards children of the poor. Explanations for the pedagogy generally then refer to these attitudes, and 'corrective action' then attends to an attitudinal change. The idea of 'multiple childhoods' is gaining influence in the teacher education curricula as providing an alternative normative framework that can enable teachers to work with, and retain, diversity. Some recent research into the manifestation of 'difference' in the primary school classroom indicates that differences are experienced by teachers as learning difficulty issues that need a curricular and pedagogic response. The child's home culture, home support for schooling and home socialization seem to enter into the pedagogy in more ways than can be addressed by changing the 'teachers' attitudes'. 'Educability' is a central (folk) concept for teachers who engage with and try to address the learning requirements of children, particularly those from underprivileged backgrounds (and particularly social classes lower than themselves). Four studies on teachers' experiences of 'difference' are drawn upon to engage with and to evolve an understanding of the specific implications of for pedagogy and educational aims.


In this paper, we provide a conceptual framework for analyzing the market and welfare effects of mergers that result in multiproduct firms producing strongly demand-related products and derive the conditions under which such type of mergers improve welfare. The Tyson-IBP merger is used as an empirical application of the model. Using estimates of own- and cross-price elasticities of demand for beef, pork, and chicken, we infer that the Tyson-IBP merger has generated the cost-efficiencies necessary to make consumers and livestock producers better off.


The laser diode pumped two-frequency solid-state laser with tunable frequencydifference is investigated, the medium is a 1at% doped 2-mm thick Nd:YAG chip. The condition of stable two-frequency oscillation operation is analyzed, the polarization is calculated by Jones matrix in different locations at the resonator. It is proved that the two-frequency electric field vectors are orthogonally polarized everywhere, the frequency difference tuning can be realized by changing the angle between the fast axes of two quarter-wave plates. In the experiment, single-frequency oscillation was obtained with the help of an etalon, then longitudinal mode frequency splitting resulted in the two-frequency oscillating operation by inserting two quarter-wave plates. The obtained maximum frequency difference was 1.3GHz, the minimal was 50MHz because of the strong mode competition. Due to the loss anisotropy of the etalon, the output power is not very stable when tuning the frequency difference, 85mW two-frequency output power was obtained with 100MHz beat note.


Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears are recognized as major causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain. The concept of TFCC injury was developed in the early 1980s (Palmer and Werner, 1981), and Palmer's classification has contributed to establishing the treatment of TFCC injury (Palmer, 1989). Various variants of TFCC tears have been found over the past decades. We have sometimes encountered two different tears coexistent in one wrist, i.e. double lesions. The incidence of double lesions seen in our unit and key points relating to their diagnosis are described here. Since 1992, 336 wrists with TFCC injuries have been examined arthroscopically by the first author (YA). The patterns of TFCC injury were categorized according to Abe's classification (Abe et al., 2012). Double lesions were recognized in 24 of 336 (7.1%) wrists of 24 patients (8 men and 16 women, aged between 15 and 84 years, average 58 years). To ensure inter-observer reliability, the patterns of TFCC tears were diagnosed at the operation by at least two surgeons, including the first author, and reconfirmed by two other hand surgeons, through surgical records and photographs, or video recordings made during surgery. All the surgeons agreed with the diagnosis of the double lesions. There were 11 distal radius fractures, two with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) subluxation, and one each of Galeazzi fracture-dislocation and malunion of distal radius fracture. The most common pattern of double lesion was a slit tear on the radial side of the disk along the radial sigmoid notch coexistenting with an ulnar styloid tear: avulsion from the ulnar styloid, was observed in 16 wrists. Other combinations were a dorsal tear with a foveal tear in three wrists, and one each of a slit tear with an ulnocarpal ligament tear, a slit tear with a dorsal tear, a slit tear with a foveal tear, a flap tear with an ulnar styloid tear, and a radial tear with a foveal tear. The combinations were divided into two patterns: a disk tear and a peripheral tear (20); and two peripheral lesions (4). The clinical diagnosis of double lesions is challenging. In our experience, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide little information in making a diagnosis of the double lesion; we consider wrist arthroscopy the only method by which we can establish the diagnosis. The slit tear coexistenting with the ulnar styloid tear (Figure 1) was the most common pattern of the double lesion in this study. Therefore, identifying a slit tear does not necessarily imply that other tears do not coexist. If only the slit tear is debrided, while the ulnar styloid tear is left without repair, ulnar-sided wrist pain may persist. Therefore, the surgeon should be circumspect when only one tear is detected. The disk tear is easy to recognize, whereas the peripheral tear is often difficult to diagnose because it is frequently covered with proliferating synovium. Surgeons should be vigilant and not overlook the peripheral tear when detecting a disk tear. It is unclear as to whether the two injuries occur simultaneously or separately. We speculate, however, that when a person falls and twists their wrist, the force of traction can produce an avulsion tear from the ulnar styloid, and torsional force could induce a simultaneous slit tear of the disk. Our analysis of a large number of cases reveals that a small percentage of these cases with arthroscopically validated TFCC injury have two tears in one wrist. Surgeons need to be vigilant when making a diagnosis based on wrist arthroscopy, in order to avoid overlooking concomitant peripheral tears.


In this talk we discuss the use of domain decomposition parallel iterative solvers for highly heterogeneous problems of flow in porous media, in both the deterministic and (Monte-Carlo simulated) stochastic cases. We are particularly interested in the case of highly unstructured coefficient variation where standard periodic or stochastic homogenisation theory is not applicable, and where there is no a priori scale separation. We will restrict attention to the important model elliptic problem


This paper synthesizes the fundamentals of discrete choice models. This paper also discusses the basic concepts and theory underlying the econometrics of discrete choice, specific choice models, estimation method, model building and tests, and applications of discrete choice models. The work highlights the relationship between economic theory and discrete choice models: how economic theory contributes to choice modeling and vice versa.


Lymphoedema may be defined as an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid associated with lymphatic insufficiency. The mechanism of lymphoedema is more complex than a simple failure of tissue fluid removal by the faulty lymphatics. One of the main tasks of the lymphatic system is to scavenge from the tissue spaces substances of large molecular size. Lymphatic failure interferes with this function and consequently the small quantity of plasma protein that normally leaks through the capillary wall accumulates in the tissue spaces. This concentration of extra-vascular protein produces an abnormal extra-vascular osmotic force which results in interstitial water retention and clinical oedema. The protein-laden oedema fluid may also be responsible for the secondary tissue changes of fibrosis and hyperkeratosis that occur in lymphoedema and for the high incidence of cellulitis in this condition. Lymphoedema involving a major part of a limb is usually due to a fault in the major lymphatic trunks. The microscopic dermal lymphatic plexus is also subject to pathological change (Butcher and Hoover, I955), usually secondary to chronic ulcerative or inflammatory conditions, but the clinical effect is then a purely local affair and gross subcutaneous oedema does not occur. The aetiology and pathology of certain varieties of lymphoedema remained obscure for many years because of the clinical inaccessibility of the lymphatic system. The introduction of lymphangiography (Kinmonth and Taylor, I955) has resolved some of these problems and the following classification of lymphoedema is proposed in the light of recent knowledge. (a) Primary Lymphoedema. ('Idiopathic' lymphoedema, elephantiasis nostras.) (b) Secondary Lymphoedema-due to interference with lymphatic function by the following acquired lesions: (i) Neoplastic invasion. (2) Surgical excision or radiotherapy. (3) Inflammation or filariasis. (4) Motor paralysis of the part. TABLE I


Upper Reach of Minjiang River,located in the western plateau of Sichuan province,China,was selected for study. This paper introduced the concept of heterogeneity,which is used in the field of ecology,adopting Theil index decomposition,variable coefficient and ESDA methods,the heterogeneity and its spatial distribution of rural household per capita annual income was analyzed. The results demonstrated that:( 1) the per capita annual income of rural household heterogeneityshown converged trend in the study areafrom 2005 to 2010,and the within-county disparities is the significant component of the overall regional inequalities;( 2) high income area concentrated mainly in the north and south of upper reach of Minjiang River,while the low concentrated in the central. Significant positive correlation and agglomeration trend are shown in per capita annual income though Moran's and local Moran'sⅠindex analysis;( 3) it is shown that geographical location and altitude,natural tourism resources,accessibility of traffic condition and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 et al,are significant factors influencing per capita annual income in the upper Minjiang River;( 4) those townships which covered by National park and World nature Heritage site was classify development-prohibited zonesaccording to the plan of National Major Function Zoning,are located in high income area. It is shown that there are noirreconcilable contradictions between economic development and ecological environment protection in development-prohibited zones,where improved income level of rural household per capita by developing environmental industry and national fiscal transfer payment are available.


DJP acknowledges funding via an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship, FT130100034, and Discovery Project grants DP1094585 and DP130102078. GL acknowledges funding from the European Research Council via FP7 ERC advanced grant project ECOGAL.


Animated by the contrast of rising prosperity and declining environmental quality in the 1960s, the modern environmental movement pushed local and state authorities and then the federal government to take responsibility for restoring and safeguarding the environment. Central to that expanded federal role was the establishment of science-based national air quality standards in the Clean Air Act of 1970. Economists too came to focus on pollution as a key threat to public welfare and laid the groundwork in the 1960s for what would become a politically compelling monetization of the costs of air pollution and environmental degradation. But whereas environmentalists tended to describe clean air as a natural right, to be secured regardless of the cost, economists approached clean air as a natural resource, to be managed for its measurable contributions to a monetized notion of public welfare.


Performing a predetermined number of times and supplying a second source gas containing a predetermined element and an amino group, an alternating and supplying the first source gas, the substrate comprising a predetermined element and a halogen group to the substrate it is, on a substrate, forming a first layer containing a predetermined element, nitrogen and carbon, by supplying different reaction gases and the raw material gas to the substrate, modify the first layer and forming a second layer, by performing a predetermined number of times alternately, on a substrate to form a thin film having a predetermined composition comprising a predetermined element.


Gender representation in schools is one such field of ELT study. Since students spend most of their time at school, gender representation could affect students' language use and social life. Half of the influence comes from the material they learn; it is a textbook. A textbook is a crucial device to deliver language and social behavior. Asking male to start the discussion, and the female has less portion in two ways communication are the acts of gender stereotyping in language. The concern about it is an up-bringing judgment through social behavior. Otherwise, the textbook is not a single-handed influence because students' attitude in social life matters. The need for students' awareness of avoiding gender bias sets this article. Another objective is to reveal how gender role represented in conversation tasks of high school English textbook. This investigation also examines gender-neutral and gender-marked constructions used in conversation texts. The researcher undertakes a content analysis in a textbook with a qualitative research method. The researcher decides it is a content analysis research design. Afterward, the researcher concludes that gender role in conversation texts of English textbook is fairly represented and the English textbook has progressive content. As the example is the appearance number between men and women is equal. Through this research, the researcher expects that education practitioners (students; teacher) understand non-gendered/gendered-words and practice conversation without stereotyping gender role textually and socially.


Along with the employment situation getting severer day by day,the university graduate's employment psychological problem reveals prominently. Therefore,this article proposed suggestions and countermeasures to improve their psychologically healthy condition from the university student own,social and the university two aspects.


A periodontally compromised tooth with severe furcation involvement may as well be retained of their roots rather than its removal in toto. Bicuspidisation (Premolarisation) is a surgical technique of sectioning mandibular molar roots with their respective crown portions followed by rehabilitation with fixed prosthesis in the individual segments. This not only eliminates furcation involvement but also facilitates effective oral hygiene maintenance. The present case report demonstrates the successful management of grade III furcation involved mandibular molar by bicuspidisation followed by subsequent prosthodontic rehabilitation. It gives a better alternative to salvage a periodontally compromised tooth rather than opting for extraction.


In this article, we characterize the microwave behavior of superconductive circuits for quantum voltage standard applications at 4 K. For that, we develop a cryogenic multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration procedure to calibrate the microwave measurements at the 4 K on-wafer reference plane. We model superconductive circuits, including a Josephson array transmission line, compare simulated to TRL-calibrated measured results, and find excellent agreement up to 50 GHz.


Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the primary virus affecting commercial banana (Musa spp.) plantations in Ivory Coast, with the disease also present within nursery systems. However, currently no virus indexing of planting material is performed for banana in the country. This current study attempts to quantify levels of detection of CMV within banana material using flinders technology associates (FTA) cards in order to identify a reliable and reproducible method suitable for local conditions. A suite of PCR primers were developed against CMV coat protein open reading frame (CP ORF) sequence available on GenBank. TaqMan assay generated comparable CT values with either FTA or cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) derived templates and was able to detect CMV RNA in leaf samples. The conventional real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, RNeasy and FTA derived RNA templates reliably amplified CMV, whilst CTAB-derived RNA gave variable results. The TaqMan ® reaction was much more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR for CMV detection in banana leaf samples. The suitability of FTA cards as a matrix for virus nucleic acid capture provides scope for its use in the transportation of banana virus samples to laboratories for diagnosis and characterisation, circumventing constraints of time-related degeneration of sample integrity. Sequence data of the CMV CP ORF region of 16 isolates from Cote d'Ivoire clustered the isolates to CMV Sub-Group IA. This is the first successful application of Real-time PCR and FTA technology for a banana virus in Africa.


The objective of this paper is to present a comparative study of fitted-mesh finite difference method, Ritz-Galerkin finite element method and B-spline collocation method for a two-parameter singularly perturbed boundary value problems. Due to the small parameters ε and μ, the boundary layers arise. We have taken a piecewise-uniform fittedmesh to resolve the boundary layers and shown that fitted-mesh finite difference method has almost first order parameter-uniform convergence, Ritz-Galerkin finite element method has almost second order parameter-uniform convergence and B-spline collocation method has second order parameter-uniform convergence. Numerical experiments support these theoretical results. c ⃝ 2011 European Society of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering


According to our country the machine excavation of coal roadway is widespread to exist a hard parallel performance of drilling and bolt supporting.The comparison of working faces and excavation exists the severity maladjustment in Shihe Coal Mine.New efficiently mobile roof bolter and bridge type conveyor are developped to succeed the wide adaptability.It is solved the equipments and key technology of drilling,supporting,conveyance,dust palliative.The new continuous tunneling drivage technology comes into being in large cross section coal roadway.It is achieved safe speedy drivage with many working procedures in coal roadway.


The tax burden borne by the electric power industry is heavier than that of other industries, which not only concerns the sustainable operation of electric power enterprises, but also concerns the smooth and healthy operation of the downstream industry and even the whole national economic system. In this paper, the main tax in the power industry—value-added tax as the object of study, the power industry tax burden vertical analysis and horizontal comparison, analysis and evaluation of value-added tax burden level in the power industry. At the same time, the case analysis of a single enterprise, more detailed, in-depth analysis of the VAT tax burden in the specific situation of power enterprises. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the analysis results, this paper puts forward feasible and reasonable Suggestions on how to scientifically use tax planning means to alleviate the burden of taxes and fees in power enterprises.


In the present study, the mechanical analysis of one-tier and one-sided splintage of the teeth group with partly bald root is presented in the case. The frontal teeth of the mandible are considered (4 incisors and 2 canines). The splint in the form of the twisted wire made of titanium is installed on the oral side of the teeth. The main parameters of the stress and strain state are determined by means of the finite element method and compared with the values calculated without splint. It is shown that the application of the splint is effective to restrict the nonfunctional mobility of the teeth. But stresses increase significantly because of the values arised in the splint region.


s Gano LB, Seals DR, Pasha HM, Hearon Jr. CM, Donato, AJ. SIRT1 Activation with SRT1720 Reverses Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Old Mice by Augmenting COX-2 Mediated Vasodilation. FASEB J 26: Ib661, 2012. Kaplon RE, Seals DR, Gano LB. Higher Dietary Niacin Intake is Related to Greater Vascular Endothelial Function Associated with Lower Oxidative Stress Among Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. FASEB J 26: 865.7, 2012. Gano LB, Donato AJ, Pasha HM, Hearon Jr. CM, Seals, DR. SRT1720 Ameliorates Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction: Relation to Regulators fo Mitochondrial Function and Antioxidant Enzymes. Keystone Symposia


One of the greatest advances in microscopy in the past two decades is the development of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). [1] The technique built upon many new technologies offers non-destructive three-dimensional imaging capability. In conventional fluorescence microscopy much of the structural detail that could otherwise be resolved is obscured due to the contribution of fluorescence from regions outside of plane of focus. By using a pinhole restricting the collection of light from out-of-focus regions, confocal microscopy provides both significantly higher lateral resolution and possibility to produce 3-D images of the sample without destruction. By scanning in x-y plane and moving the microscope stage along the z direction step by step, a series of optical "sectioning" images can be generated. Towards the end of last century, new multi-photon excitation without pinhole has been added to LSCM to reach deeper penetration, lower UV radiation damage. Therefore, LSCM has been widely used in biological and medical research and development. However, the industrial applications of laser scanning confocal microscopy in material science and technology have been rather limited. [2-3] Recently, we have used a Zeiss-510 NLO two-photon scanning laser confocal microscope (TPLSCM) to investigate some industrially important polymer-based materials and report here.


Most collaborative filtering recommenders based on deep learning utilize implicit feedback information such as likes and bookmarks to infer user preferences rather than explicit feedback such as ratings provided by users. However, collaborative filtering models utilizing implicit feedback pose a chronic problem, that is, the "one‐class" problem (also known as the one‐class collaborative filtering problem), which causes trivial solutions due to lack of negative examples. A one‐class problem free‐boosting (OCF‐B) algorithm is proposed in this study to solve the one‐class problem by considering a user's preference pattern when generating negative cases and training the model with both positive and negative cases. More specifically, the OCF‐B algorithm iteratively selects negative cases that exacerbate the loss value of the object function and replace them with other negative cases when extracting negative cases from unknown cells of the user–item interaction matrix. In an experiment using four datasets, the results show that negative cases selected meticulously via the OCF‐B algorithm improve the prediction performance not only for negative cases, but also for positive cases. In addition, the prediction performance was better than that of the existing zero‐injection method.


This paper describes the results of studies made on dust control during field jointing and a method for detecting conductive particles after installation in the development of a compact 500 kV 8000 A gas insulated transmission line (GIL). The study on dust control during field jointing proved that field jointing of the compact GIL can be done like conventional GIL in an easily fabricated vinyl shelter without a clean air flow. Harmful conductive particles can be detected with an Acoustic Emission (AE) sensor. This sensor is effective in improving the reliability of the compact GIL when used with a suitable ac voltage during field test. A 120 m long test line of compact 500 kV 8000 A GIL was constructed and, in a long-term field test, proved to have properties sufficient for practical use.


An often-overlooked feature of international climate change agreements is their dispute resolution provisions. An effective dispute resolution framework is essential for holding States to account and ensuring compliance with treaty obligations. However, many of the dispute resolution mechanisms in international climate change agreements were never brought into existence. These include arbitration, conciliation and non-compliance procedures. This article analyses the dispute resolution mechanisms of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) ('UNFCCC'), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and the Paris Agreement (2015) with a view to establishing which are missing, which have been successful in keeping States in check, and which should inform future amendments or treaties. Notably, a non-compliance procedure was never introduced under the UNFCCC, a successful one came into existence under the Kyoto Protocol, and a watered-down version is being discussed under the Paris Agreement. Further, although the treaties refer to an arbitration annex and a conciliation annex, none of these ever materialized. The article compares and contrasts the various procedures and their different successes, including through the use of case-studies, and makes a number of recommendations for future amendments or treaties.


Abstract Background: The bootstrap can be alternative to cross-validation as a training/test set splitting method since it minimizes the computing time in classification problems in comparison to the tenfold cross-validation. Objectives: Тhis research investigates what proportion should be used to split the dataset into the training and the testing set so that the bootstrap might be competitive in terms of accuracy to other resampling methods. Methods/Approach: Different train/test split proportions are used with the following resampling methods: the bootstrap, the leave-one-out cross-validation, the tenfold cross-validation, and the random repeated train/test split to test their performance on several classification methods. The classification methods used include the logistic regression, the decision tree, and the k-nearest neighbours. Results: The findings suggest that using a different structure of the test set (e.g. 30/70, 20/80) can further optimize the performance of the bootstrap when applied to the logistic regression and the decision tree. For the k-nearest neighbour, the tenfold cross-validation with a 70/30 train/test splitting ratio is recommended. Conclusions: Depending on the characteristics and the preliminary transformations of the variables, the bootstrap can improve the accuracy of the classification problem.


Thank you very much for reading network performance analysis using the j programming language. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this network performance analysis using the j programming language, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


A broad theoretical agreement exists about the aesthetic and cognitive functions of elementary non-semantic literary materials (paper, ink, graphic design, and typefaces). Nevertheless, very few practical demonstrations exist of a critical method for elucidating these functions, which are especially important for defining the performative operations of literary works.   Herbert Horne's 1891 book Diversi Colores offers an especially lucid case study in this context. This essay develops a close reading of the non-semantic elements of Horne's book and reflects upon the general interpretive methodology that this case study illustrates. Its ultimate purpose is to elucidate the heuristic character of the metadistinction between content and form, and thereby to establish a more solid theoretical and methodological foundation under any investigation of genre.


An indirect determination of alkali metals and lead by fractional dissolution/ion chromatography of sulfates deposited on the surface of sulfur dioxide-treated lead glass was investigated. This method involves the following procedures: 1) Sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate are dissolved in 50% (v/v) ethanol. 2) Remaining lead sulfate is dissolved in 20 mM sodium hydroxide. 3) From the concentration of sulfate in each sample solution, the surface concentrations of the corresponding alkali metals and lead are calculated. From the analytical results for lead glass samples, we have ensured that treating the glass with sulfur dioxide resulted in the formation of high concentrations of sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate, in addition to traces of lead sulfate, on the glass surface.


Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory parameters among patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome treated with a novel design of an oral appliance (OA): a lingual orthosis.Methods: A case series study was conducted with 11 patients suffering from severe OSA, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 30 events/h. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment overnight polysomnography and were diagnosed by a physician based on polysomnography indexes. All selected patients had a history of nonadherence to continuous positive airway pressure devices.Results: Before treatment, the mean AHI of the sample was 65.9 ± 30.5. After reaching the optimal OA titration, the polysomnography (PSG) showed an average AHI of 10.1 ± 5.5 (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in obstructive events that decreased from 60.0 ± 31.7 to 8.5 ± 3.8 events/hour (p<0.001). The minimal oxyhemoglobin saturation showed significant improvement after the OA treatment, increasing from 74.3 ± 7.8 to 83.4 ± 4.9 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Lingual orthosis was effective in resolving severe OSAS, showing satisfactory results within the present sample. Further studies are needed in order to broaden the knowledge regarding the effectiveness of this oral appliance.Uniterms: Sleep apnea, obstructive. Orthotic devices. Case reports.


The invention relates to a method and device for automatic determination of the required high voltage for programming/erasing an EEPROM. The present method renders it possible to determine individually the high voltage (Vpp) required to erase or program for each electrically erasable and programmable fixed-value semi-conductor memory (SP), and to store it in the memory (SP) itself in a region A provided therein. This determined high voltage can be retrieved from said region for any further erasing or programming. From a first value of the high voltage for programming or erasing the memory and a first value of a reading voltage for checking of programming or erasing, the most advantageous high voltage is determined by successively modifying either the high voltage or the reading voltage.


The financing game relationship is analysed between the bank and these enterprises in this paper from the game theory.The results are as follows:firstly,in their financing relationship,these enterprises are in favorable information conition and their contract breaching loss is smaller so that it has icreased the bank's credit risk and caused the phenomenon of "reluctance to credit".Secondly,the bank and enterprises can pursue profit together only by long term cooperation.So we must increase the punishment on violating enterprises and establish credit guaratee system and credit system for the small and medium sized enterprises.


INTRODUCTION β-Ketoesters constitute highly important building blocks as they can be readily transferred into variety of heterocycles such as, 3,4–dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-ones, 1,4–dihydropyridines, pyrrole furan, thiophenes etc [1-4]. They can also be transformed into chiral building blocks by chemical and enzymatic transformation and functions as a tool to perform chain-extension reactions [5]. The various β-ketoesters can be synthesized by protic [6] and Lewis acids [7] as well as alkaline catalysis [8]. In recent years, plethora of reagents for transesterification of β-ketoesters are have been reported which include diphenylammonium triflate [9], B(OH)3 [10], NBS [11], yttria– zirconia [12], zeolites [13], Mo–ZrO2 [14], Zinc [15], montmorillonite K-10 [16], B2O3/ZrO2 [17] , Mg–Al–O–t-Bu hydrotalcite [18], NaIO4/KIO4/anhy. CaCl2 [19] and nano CuFe2O4 [20]. In addition 4-DMAP [21, 22], AgOTf [23], distannoxane [24], ytterbium (III) triflate [25], Zeolite Ferrierite (H-FER) and solid superacid (sulphated SnO2) [26], Kaolinitic clay [27] etc have also been tested for effecting this transformation. As compared to heterogeneous catalyst, despite of the advantages such as low cost, robust nature and nontoxicity, organocatalysts have been very rarely explored for effecting transesterification process. In 2006, Tale et al.[28] reported for the first time that mild, green and highly efficient 3-nitrobenzene boronic acid catalyzed efficient transesterification of various β-keto esters with a variety of alcohols as well as thiols, (scheme2.5). The method is highly selective towards β-keto esters and provides good to high yields of the corresponding transesterified products. However, the 3-nitrobenzene boronic acid used here cannot be recycled which in turn makes the process little uneconomical. In continuation of interest in exploring boronic acid as catalysts in organic synthesis, we report here that methylboronic acid was found to be mild, green and recyclable organocatalyst for effecting the transesterification of various β-Keto esters with diverse alcohols.


Objective CD44 is a kind of membrane protein expressing on chondrocyte, and has an important effect in cartilage matrix metabolism. T-2 toxin is a questionable virulence factor of KBD, a kind of endemic disease in China. Investigating the effect of T-2 toxin on CD44 expression of cartilage chondrocyte will be valuable to clarify the pathogenesis of KBD. Methods CD44 mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate CD44 expression on chondrocyte. Results Chondrocyte cultured without T-2 toxin expressed more CD44 mRNA than that of chondrocyte cultured with the toxin; Chondrocyte cultured with selenium expressed more CD44 mRNA than that of chondrocyte cultured without selenium. The ration between CD44 mRNA and GAPDH mRNA in control group was 3.337, but the ration in T-2 group was 1.392; The ration in control group with Se was 4.010, but the ration in T-2 toxin with Se was 1.570. The positive immunohistochemistry activity can be detected in all groups, but CD44 expression in control group is higher than that of T-2 group. Conclusions The results indicate that T-2 toxin can significantly restrain the cartilage chondrocyte CD44 expression. Se can improve the CD44 expression.


In the title compound, C25H18NO, a stable phenanthridinic nitroxide, the ring containing the nitroxide function assumes a twist-boat conformation and the dihedral angle formed by adjacent benzene rings is 21.78 (5)°. The phenyl substituents at position 2 are approximately orthogonal to each other, forming a dihedral angle of 81.04 (4)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and by C—H⋯π interactions.


As part of the trend toward using outcome assessments as a measure of the quality of ambulatory care, investigators at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital prospectively evaluated 686 emergency hospital admissions occurring over a nine-month period …


This article aims to identify the reasons that cause the lack of protection suffered by unemployed women. As a main explanation, it points at the shaping of unemployment benefits as it tends to give more generous protection to typically male labour trajectories. Besides it verifies that the exhaustion of benefits due to the rise of long-term unemployment and the cutbacks in recent years have a more relevant negative impact on women.


The effect of the biocomposition material was studied on the basis of synthetic hydroxyapatite, collagen and antibiotic for reparative histogenesis of bone tissue during shoulder bone fractures and forearm in dogs and implants for the tissue regeneration of the new generation Xenograft Collagen.It has been established that remodeling of the primary bone corn into the secondary in the region of the fracture in the dogs studied was diverse. During the experiment, it was revealed that a month after the operation on radiographs in the control group of dogs, there was a defect in which the formation of a weak periosal bone corn was observed. Endostal bone corn has not been detected. The most pronounced process proceeded by dogs in experienced groups. In the first experimental defect, a collapan was filled with a drug, and in the second used the implant in the form of the xenograft collagen granules. In animals of the first experienced group, the primary bone-cartilage corn had a more mature and developed character, intermediary and periosal corns were formed.


Glucagon remains an important treatment for severe hypoglycemia and can be prescribed to patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic medications for


Taiwan is eager to develop renewable energy because it is vulnerable to energy price distortion and ocean level rise. Previous studies show bioenergy technologies can be applied mutually, but pay little attention on feedstocks to energy conversion rate, which has potential influences on policy making in renewable energy and environment. This study employs a price endogenous mathematical programming model to simultaneously simulate the market operations under various feedstocks to energy conversion rates, energy prices, and greenhouse gas (GHG) prices. The result shows pyrolysis-based electricity can reach up to 2.75 billion kWh annually, but it will be driven out at low conversion rate and high GHG price. Pyrolysis plus biochar application will be the optimal option in terms of carbon sequestration. Market valuation on potential threats of extreme weather could have substantial influences on ethanol and renewable electricity generation. To achieve aimed GHG emission reduction and/or bioenergy production, government intervention may be involved to align the market operation with Taiwan's environmental policy.


Dental implants and their prosthetic counterparts provide a stable foundation for a tooth replacement and the solution for patient satisfaction. The aim of dental implant therapy is the osseointegration, the implant can be successfully fused into bone, but in all cases, what must be addressed is the functional aspect of the final implant restoration. This study examined the structural and functional connection between the living bone and the implant.


The article is devoted to the formation and development of local self-government in the Russian state since ancient times till the early XX century. The peculiarities of local government organization in Kiev Rus, Muscow state, Russian Empire are pointed out. It is concluded that by the beginning of XX century the local government in Russia has undergone a number of changes. Nevertheless, most issues which were solved by the zemsky institutions remained under the control of public authorities.


A basic problem of philosophy was always the problem of the conquest of ourselves. When am I really myself? What is the ontological meaning of the conquest of ourselves? This problem became the axle around which rotate more platonic problems we had to undertake: how is knowledge ontologically grounded on and how is it possible to acquire it? What is knowledge? What is the meaning of the soul-body separation? What is the meaning of death? If the exit from the cave is the final aim, then is there something that makes me to return? Eventually, is the request of the justice act without ontological foundation? As we are trying to find the answers for all this questions, we offer our one approach on important platonic issues: the relation between the manual and the mental labor, the meaning of corporality, the meaning of the other, the meaning of the method, the difference and the relation between the philosopher and the statesman. Through all this problems, we are finally offering our approach about the platonic meaning of the conquest of ourselves and we are opening a path for a solid understanding of the platonic just act. The last word is on our fair reader, who will judge the quality of the result.
Inspired from an instantaneous thought of Plato in Theaetetus, we are offering a working hypothesis: the foundation of an ethic without apriori or relativism: those two symplegades of every attempt for an ethical foundation. And we are claiming that such a foundation can be derived from Marx's thought.


This Element reviews the social psychology of effective collective action, highlighting the importance of considering activists' goals, timeframes, and psychological perspectives in seeking to conceptualise this construct. A novel framework 'ABIASCA' maps effectiveness in relation to activists' goals for mobilisation and change (Awareness raising; Building sympathy; turning sympathy into Intentions; turning intentions into Actions; Sustaining groups over time; Coalition-building; and Avoiding opponents' counter-mobilisation). We also review the DIME model of Disidentification, Innovation, Moralization and Energization, which examines the effects of failure in creating trajectories of activists' disidentification from collective action; innovation (including to radicalisation or deradicalisation); and increased moral conviction and energy. The social psychological drivers of effective collective action for four audiences are examined in detail, in four sections: for the self and supporters, bystanders, opponents, and for third parties. We conclude by highlighting an agenda for future research, and drawing out key messages for scholars.


We demonstrate and evaluate the all-optical digital-to-analog conversion using pulse pattern recognition based on optical correlation processing. Experimental results show that four-bit digital signals with 1.65 ps interval can be successfully converted to analog signals


The large mode mismatch between free-space linearly-polarized beams and radially-polarized modes supported in coaxial waveguides leads to a very poor coupling efficiency that have hindered the widespread use of THz coaxial waveguides. We show here a straightforward coupling mechanism that promises 100% efficiency. We exploit the THz pulse generation process from photoexcited charge density gradients to create a radially-polarized THz pulse with the profile matching the fundamental mode profile of the coaxial waveguide. Single mode propagation is demonstrated at the output of the coaxial waveguide.


We present an alternative way of tracing the existence of a scalar field based on the analysis of the gravitational wave spectrum of a vibrating neutron star. Scalar-tensor theories in strong-field gravity can potentially introduce much greater differences in the parameters of a neutron star than the uncertainties introduced by the various equations of state. The detection of gravitational waves from neutron stars can set constraints on the existence and the strength of scalar fields. We show that the oscillation spectrum is dramatically affected by the presence of a scalar field, and can provide unique confirmation of its existence.


The French government is planning new laws to stop the influx of "foreign doctors" (medecins etrangers) into the country and to ban those already working from taking private patients. Nearly 8000 of the 180 000 doctors in France are foreign doctors; they may, however, be French nationals - the term applies only to where they got their degree. Many of them qualified in north Africa and the Middle East, and more than half of them have acquired French nationality.

Such doctors do not have the same rights as French …


AIM
The aim of this in vitro study was the evaluation of the in-vitro performance and fracture force of 3D-printed anterior implant-supported temporary partial dentures (TPD) with different filler content.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Identical anterior resin-based TPDs (tooth situation 11-13; n=8 per material) were 3D-printed of methacrylate resins with different filler content. A cartridge polymethacrylate (PMMA) material was used as a reference. After temporary cementation, combined thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) was performed on all restorations to mimic clinical application. Behavior during TCML and fracture force was determined and failures were analyzed. Data were statistically investigated (Kolmogorov- Smirnov-test, one-way-ANOVA; post-hoc-Bonferroni, Kaplan-Meier-survival, α=0.05).

RESULT
Failure during TCML varied between three failures and total failure during loading time. Mean survival time varied between 93±206 x10³ cycles and 329±84 x10³ cycles. Significant different survival cycles between individual materials could be determined (Log Rank test Mantel Cox: Chi2 21,861, df =4, p<0.001). A correlation between filler level and survival cycles could be found (Pearson: 0.186, p=0.065). Fracture values of the surviving TPDs varied between 499 N and 835 N. Failures were characterized by fracture of the connector (n=24) followed by fractures at the abutment (n=10).

CONCLUSION
TDPs showed different filler-dependent survival. Individual 3D-printed materials provided comparable or even better performance than a standard cartridge system, and might be sufficient for temporary application of at least half a year.


Churn prediction is essential for the survival of every business as it allows proactive action planning, whereas customer segmentation is an effective grouping approach commonly used for product marketing and customer relationship management. This paper analyzes the current development of customer attrition prediction and segmentation for the telecommunications (telco) industry, and explores the integration of both approaches that results in an actionable matrix framework for customer retention. This paper consists of four parts: review and analyses on the machine learning techniques used for customer attrition prediction, review and analyses on the machine learning techniques applied for customer segmentation, review on the integration framework, and finally provides discussions for future works. The background and business applications of these approaches are introduced in this paper so businesses can apply the techniques for their business needs. Most importantly, this paper lays out the directions of future works to be done for telco churn management based on the improvements needed form the current state of the art.


192 DOI: 10.37398/JSR.2020.640227 Abstract: Acid phosphatase from wheat germ was immobilized by entrapment in agar-agar and gelatin gel. Blocks of 5x5 mm size were employed for characterization. The maximum immobilization yield was achieved at 3.0% (w/v) of agar-agar and 20% (w/v) gelatin cross-linked with 10% (v/v) glutaraldehyde for 1h incubation. The optimum pH for both immobilized enzymes was observed at 5.5. Both the immobilized enzymes displayed a temperature optimum at 60 °C. The activation energies for agaragar and gelatin immobilized acid phosphatase were 36.6 and 36.8 kJmol. The Km values for agar-agar and gelatin immobilized enzymes were 0.282 and 0.3 mM, respectively. The Vmax values for agar-agar and gelatin immobilized acid phosphatase were 2.15 and 2.1 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The agar-agar and gelatin immobilized enzyme retained 73.2 and 75.7% activity on the 56 day of storage at 4 °C. Gelatin immobilized enzyme could be repeatedly used for more than 21 cycles (48%) whereas the agaragar immobilized enzyme could be reused for 15 cycles (36.1%) only. The method of immobilization reported here is easy, profitable and will be suited for wider application.


The study on the liquid sloshing in a moving tank with partially filled liquid is very important to ensure the safety in the tank truck transport.A numerical simulation for the interaction between the baffle and gas-fluid flow in the process of braking was performed by building a simplified model of a moving tank with a piece of baffle.The effects of different baffle materials and different filling ratios on the force which is exerted on the baffle and the tank wall were analyzed.The time history of the baffle stress was obtained with the two-way fluid structure interaction method.The results show that the force exerted on the end wall of the tank increases with the filling ratio.When the filling ratio is 0.8,the force exerted on the whole tank has the maximum value.For the baffle with different materials,the smaller baffle deformation will lead to slight influence on the force exerted on the end wall and the whole tank.In addition,the maximum baffle shear stress decreases nonlinearly with an increase in the material shear modulus.


An early to mid-seventeenth century burial with a north/south alignment was discovered in archaeological excavations at St Peter's church, in Waterford City. An explanation for this apparently unusual alignment is offeredin terms of the possible religious identity of the individual interred and is considered against a wider historical and international funerary context.


More and more companies are relying on social media sites to interact with their consumers for building social word-of-mouth and then enhancing consumer purchase intention. As companies continue to invest substantial resources and efforts on social media sites, understanding the influencing factors of consumer purchase behavior in order to increase their performance becomes critical. Thus, this study used the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) as a research framework to identify the key factors influencing consumer purchasing behavior in social commerce. Research data were collected from Facebook fan page users who had shopping experience in social commerce. Collected data was analyzed with partial least squares using SmartPLS 3.0 statistical software. Research results show that online word-of-month (S) has significant positive effects on information adoption and trust (O), which, in turn, significantly affect consumer purchasing intention (R).


Li-yi-fen-shu"(one principle, many manifestations) is a methodological principle which goes through Liu Shu-xian's contemporary New-Confucian philosophy. On the basis of critically inheriting Zhu-xi's doctrine of "Li-yi-fen-shu" and Cassirer's doctrine of "functional unity", Liu interpreted creatively "Li-yi-fen-shu" connected with the contemporary ideology-culture's characteristics, and regarded it as a methodological principle. By interpreting "Li-yi-fen-shu", he tried to settle the cultural problems all the ages, reveal the Confucian philosophy's characteristic and study the Systematic Philosophy.


This paper describes the commercial provision of education goods (books, pedagogical software, etc.) and services (testing, evaluation, management consulting, etc.) and argues that a vibrant private sector is an essential ingredient for an efficient and high-quality public school system. It also describes the rising trade in education goods and services and points to areas of controversy associated with that trade. It concentrates on one ingredient of the overall picture, that of educational qualifications. It discusses how changes in technology and labour markets are forcing a shift in the debate over access to education. Some argue that education, chosen by the individual, is a human right. Others argue that education by nature is different from other public services justifying government prohibition of private and/or international providers. Central to the debate are the differences from one part of the world to another in how educational institutions are accredited and how graduates become certified to enter the professional workforce. However one may feel, these issues are destined to become an important ingredient of the international education debate over the next decade.


The rheological behavior and tape-casting performance of ethanol-based Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) slurries is studied. A nanocrystalline powder obtained by mechanochemical activation was used. Suspensions were prepared up to solid contents of 32 vol%, significantly higher than those usually reported for nonaqueous systems. The feasibility of replacing toxic solvents commonly used for tape casting of functional ferroelectric materials, often toluene, with ethanol is demonstrated. The density, phases and microstructure of the green tapes and sintered ceramics are presented. Cube-shaped templates were successfully aligned during the tape casting for the processing of 〈001〉-textured PMN–PT ceramics by templated grain growth. An effect of the lamination of tape stacks on the template orientation is described.


This paper considers the motion of a swarm of self-organizing autonomous robots. An algorithm for controlling the motion of such systems, with a behavior-based approach, is proposed. To coordinate the movement of the robots in the swarm, a leader-follower approach with a virtual leader has been used.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to map the variables that affect the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) of media channels (television news) in an emerging market context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the causal relationships between CBBE and the variables that affect brand equity for television news channels.

Findings

The analysis revealed that localization, ideology, credibility and entertainment are the variables that influence CBBE of television news channels (media brands). Subsequent analysis using SEM indicated that apart from the sole negative impact of entertainment, all the variables had positive impact on brand equity.

Research limitations/implications

This study is confined to one of the metros of emerging market hence it cannot be generalized. Also the variables that indicate brand equity have been tested only for television news channels hence they may not hold true for other form of television stations.

Practical implications

For marketers of news channels this study identifies the factors that they need to focus on if they want to garner the equity of the brand in an emerging market scenario.

Social implications

The content factors identified that influence television news brand equity are reflections of the social requirements of an emerging market. It indicates what the audiences in such markets expect from their television news channels and is part of the social discussion.

Originality/value

The study contributes to brand equity literature by finding the antecedents that can influence any media brand in the emerging market scenario.


The propellers constitute a major noise source in turboprop/proprotor subsonic aircraft. In order to optimize the interior noise reduction, it is important to have accurate information about the excitation exerted on the fuselage by the exterior acoustic field. Technology is developed for simulating the operating propellers of an aircraft as boundary conditions in an acoustic boundary element analysis (BEA). The propeller modeling utility program developed is called xstream (eXterior STructual/Rotor Emission Acoustic Model). The geometry of the propeller and the operating conditions are utilized for generating the appropriate boundary conditions for the BEA computation. This approach fully accounts for scattering and diffraction effects due to the presence and the shape of the fuselage within the acoustic field created by the propellers. Detailed information about the acoustic loading over the entire structure is computed from the analysis. The developed formulation is implemented into computer software. ...


The successful experience in constructing experimental programs has been illustrated in the paper based on specialty teaching, curriculum system, teaching contents reform, teachers improving and guarantee, etc..


The media model called "belief" serves as the language by which humans converse with God in the scripture of redemption. Hypothetically, redemption is based on the same cognitive dynamic as healing with dream analysis established by Carl Jung. These dynamics promote coherence within a sentient-cognitive psyche (a combination of conscious/unconscious scales of sentience), universal reality based on unity/energism, and narrative/dramatic structure. Based upon these dynamics, this chapter establishes a correspondence between the cognitive language of the mediated dreamscape and the cognitive language of belief that allows for conversation between God and humanity. The key to understanding this cognitive conversation is the belief model of sentience. Conflicting belief systems are endemic to human experience. Differences in the languages of belief contribute to the most psychotic-hysterical misunderstandings and their resulting mayhem. Due to illiteracy relative to the emergent language of cognitive mediation, the portents for planetary survival are dire.


On weekends, he usually gets thrown in jail with a DUI, runs a political campaign for House 116 out of North Carolina, or coaches high-school football at the local stadium. He dies throughout the week, though mostly on Tuesdays—if he's not already eulogizing the dead in small towns across America, where he's often quoted in the Tribune at length. He's died from heart failure, kidney disease, car wrecks, suicides, and just plain old age. He's even been killed running across the street in Phenix City, Alabama, on his way to tell the kids about Jesus.


In aircraft or spacecraft operations, it is desirable for safety and economic reasons to monitor continuously the condition of critical vehicle systems such as engines, controls, nagivation, etc. Currently, onboard systems to accomplish in-flight monitoring and checkout are gaining acceptance, and are being used more widely in aircraft and spacecraft. As the capability and capacity of onboard hardware for in-flight monitoring improves, more elaborate analytical methods may be employed for data processing. As an example, this paper suggests how some postflight data analysis methods for launch vehicle evaluation may be used within an onboard in-flight checkout system. A concept is proposed for an integrated data processing system using modifications to existing techniques, to permit near-real-time fault detection, isolation, diagnosis, and prediction. The emphasis is on sequential processing on only out-of-tolerance data. The approach is to reduce continually the amount of data to be processed, on the basis of whether additional information can be gained from the next processing step. Recommendations are given for further work necessary to develop and implement the concept to permit onboard in-flight monitoring of critical systems.


Buyers injured by price fixing may file damage actions which often end with cash compensation to the injured. Compensation in the form of coupons (or scrip) has been growing since 1975, however, despite the fact that a wide variety of market and redemption characteristics can affect the (lack of) worth of scrip in the post-settlement period. This paper analyzes, in a representative framework, how three different monetary forms that scrip can take affect the way scrip performs. It finds that scrip which gives a fixed absolute money discount off price (rather than either a percentage discount or the right to buy at a defined price) performs worst. It provides the least compensation to the injured scrip-receiving buyers, the most injury to non-scrip-receiving buyers, the lowest level of deterrence to price fixing, and it harms the efficiency of that product market. The paper also finds that 90% of the $1.22 billion in scrip issued since 1975 in 36 identified settlements is of this fixed absolute money discount form.


In the case of cogeneration, the allocation of operation costs has a particularity specific to the joint production of heat and electricity from the same primary energy source. The cost allocation is also influenced by the demand conditions faced by the joint products, and prices must be sufficient for both products to remain profitable and competitive with other power generation alternatives in the respective markets. Therefore, the choice of cost allocation methodology is influenced by market conditions. The paper presents an algorithm for determining the prices of energy and heat produced in cogeneration according to demand and market conditions. The economic market method was extended with an algorithm based on duality theory for verifying allocation methods and establishing forecasting strategies. An example is provided for a cogeneration plant (1.287 MWe; 5.386 MWth) based on ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) technology and biomass fuel. The fuel cost has a major influence on the total costs of the cogeneration plant, between 68% and 77% in the analyzed scenarios. The fuel cost variation is considered in the application of the cost allocation methods for setting the prices of heat and electricity.


(57) Abstract: In order to be a fall of the vehicle can be detected with a timely and reliable, an acceleration sensor (Bx, By, Bz) is provided, the acceleration sensor, the vehicle (FZ yaw axis) (z), to measure the vehicle acceleration in the direction of the rolling axis (x) and the pitching axis (y). Further provided at least one turning-rate sensor (DRSx, DRSy) is the turning rate sensor, a rolling axis (x) and optionally additionally pitching shaft of the vehicle (FZ) (y) with respect to the vehicle ( to measure the angular velocity of the FZ).


Tetrabromophthalocyanine cobalt(CoPcBr4),phthalocyanine cobalt(CoPc) and tetra-α-(2,2,4-trimethyl-3-pentyloxy)phthalocyanine cobalt(CoPc(OC8H17)4) modified electrodes were prepared on glassy carbon(GC) electrodes by the adsorption method.Electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen by the modified electrodes was studied in acidic media by means of cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep volammetry.The effects of phthalocyanine cobalt with different substituted groups on electrocatalytic property were compared.The results indicate that they had good electrocatalytic activity for molecular oxygen reduction.CoPc and CoPc(OC8H17)4 could catalyze O2 to give H2O2 via two-electron transfer and the reduction peak potentials of O2 positively shifted by 0.33 V and 0.48 V respectively compared with the bare GC electrode.There are two reduction peaks at about-0.1 V and-0.7 V in the voltammogram obtained at CoPcBr4 modified electrode,indicating that it catalyzed the reduction of O2 to H2O2 and then sequentially reduced H2O2 to H2O.Finally,it completed the four-electron reduction of O2.


IsaMillTM technology was developed from Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH stirred milling technology in the early 1990s to bring about a step change in grinding efficiency that was required to make Xstrata's fine-grained lead/zinc orebodies economic to process. From small-scale machines suited to ultrafine grinding, the IsaMillTM has developed into technology that is able to treat much larger tonnages, in coarser applications, while still achieving high energy efficiency, suited for coarser more standard regrind and mainstream grinding applications. The unique design of the IsaMill, combining high power intensity and effective internal classification, achieves high energy efficiency and tight product distribution which can be effectively scaled from laboratory scale to full-sized models. The use of fine ceramic media also leads to significant benefits in downstream flotation and leaching operations. These benefits are key drivers for the adoption of the technology into processing a diverse range of minerals worldwide, and offer major opportunities for power reduction and improved metallurgy for the African base metal operations.


There is a growing interest in achieving explainable robotics during human-robot interaction. However, existing work either focuses on modulating robot plans to make them more explicable, or uses explanations at the cost of increased human cognitive load. Prior work on generating explanations often requires updates to human domain knowledge. However, such work idealized both human memory capacity for updating knowledge and cognitive capacity for reasoning with the new knowledge. Inspired by psychological studies of human cognitive load, we aim at not changing human domain knowledge, which represents long-term memory that is difficult to update, and instead consider explanation generation as an inverse planning problem to search for a new goal that covers the original goal while resulting in an explicable plan. The new goal is then used as an explanation to the human observer. While our method for explanation generation is motivated by minimizing human cognitive load, it may also be used to hide private information from other agents, which can be useful in non-collaborative or adversarial settings. We introduce the problem formulation and illustrate the idea with a few examples.


The embedded TCP/IP network is a typical application of the embedded system,and its protocol must be simplified and optimized so as to fit the strict requests on reliability,cost and power etc.Analyzes the characteristic of the embedded system and the TCP/IP protocol stack,and then presents the method for choosing the key components of the TCP/IP protocol stack in the specific embedded application,proposes a method for simplifying and optimizing the embedded TCP/IP protocol stack.


In a component system, especially for the construction of devices for holding, clamping and/or positioning workpieces, there is a basic unit (1) extending in the X-Y plane and at least one clamping component (2) which can be secured thereto in various selectable positions. The basic unit (1) has projections (3) regularly arranged in a grid in the X-Y Plane with areas designed as supporting surfaces (4). These projections (3) have reference surfaces (11) pointing in the Z direction and undercuts to accept connecting components. The connecting components extend between the projection (3) and the clamp (2). On each projection there are two spaced superimposed reference surfaces (5; 6). The reference surfaces are separated by the undercut. The component system provides great flexibility in positioning or location while conferring great stability and reproducibility. This makes it possible to interconnect matching joining components between the basic unit (1) and the clamping component (2).


Sex differences in drug metabolism are recognized as a major determinant of sex differences in pharmacokinetics and an important contributor to interindividual differences in drug metabolism and, in some cases, drug action. Sex differences in human drug metabolism have also been observed with a variety of drugs. The biochemical basis of sex differences in hepatic drug metabolism was largely unknown until the 1980s when it was discovered that the expression of many drug-metabolizing enzymes, including several members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, is sex dependent in rat and mouse liver. Well-studied examples include rat enzymes CYP2C11, which is male specific in its expression, and CYP2C12 (female specific) and CYP2A1 (female predominant). The major gonadal hormones, testosterone and estradiol, regulate the sex-dependent expression of rat hepatic CYP enzymes indirectly, through their effects on the hypothalamus and its regulation of the sexually dimorphic, ultradian rhythm of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion, which ultimately dictates the sex-dependent patterns of expression of these CYPs and certain other drug-metabolizing enzymes. In male rats, the intermittent, pulsatile pattern of GH secretion stimulates the expression of male-specific liver enzymes, whereas the more continuous pattern of GH release in females suppresses the expression male-specific enzymes while inducing female-specific enzymes. The current view is that the transcription factors STAT5b and HNF4α coordinately regulate the action of GH and its resultant effect on the sex-dependent expression of hepatic CYP genes and thus provide a molecular basis for sex differences in drug metabolism.

Keywords:

sex differences;
hormonal regulation;
cytochrome P450;
growth hormone;
gonadal hormones


As a continuing effort to improve the performance of photonic crystal (PhC) phosphors—an engineered nanophotonic phosphor structure developed by the authors' group—we hereby introduce two-dimensional (2D) PhC phosphor films. In particular, the excitation polarization dependence inherent to and suffered by the precedent one-dimensional PhC phosphors can be eliminated using a square lattice PhC structure due to its four-fold rotational symmetry. In addition, the thickness of the high index PhC backbone layer is intentionally increased so that dual excitation resonances occur for both the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) waveguide modes, thereby effectively doubling the phosphor efficiency. We implemented and examined 2D PhC phosphor structures with colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as phosphor material. We observed ∼4 times enhanced and excitation-polarization-insensitive CQD fluorescence at dual resonance wavelengths for the TE- and TM-guided modes. We confirmed the validity of the observed results through simulations.


The Music Library Association has announced its publication awards for 2004. The Vincent H. Duckles Award for the best book-length bibliography or other research tool in music published in 2004 was presented to Speaking of Music: Music Conferences, 1835-1966 (James R. Cowdery, Zdravko Blazekovic, Barry S. Brook, gen. eds., RILM retrospective series, no. 4 [New York: Repertoire International de Litterature Musicale, 2004]). The MLA Publications Awards Committee noted that "Far surpassing previous bibliographies of congress reports and conference papers on musical topics by its use of abstracts describing individual papers, and by its comprehensive scope of coverage, Speaking of Music makes available an essential research tool organizing an important set of resources of retrospective literature otherwise not easily identified. One hundred twenty-five contributing abstractors under the direction of editors working over a period of three decades have amassed a bibliography that bares new paths for the history of musical scholarship as a field of study." The Eva Judd O'Meara Award for the best review published in Notes in 2004 was awarded to Mary Sue Morrow for her review of Daniel Heartz, Music in European Capitals: The Galant Style, 1720-1780. The review appeared in Notes 60, no. 4 (June 2004): 958-61. The committee stated "Mary Sue Morrow goes well beyond merely outlining the substance and content of Daniel Heartz, Music in European Capitals, by stepping back and thoroughly and eloquently addressing organizational and interpretive strategies used in the work. Morrow's review is a well written analysis of a new work essential to the scholarship and understanding of the mid-18th century, particularly effective in discussing the approaches taken and how they differ from the traditional musicological conceptions." The Richard S. Hill Award for the best article on music librarianship or article of a music-bibliographic nature was awarded to Kiri Miller for her article "'First Sing the Notes': Oral and Written Traditions in Sacred Harp Transmission," published in American Music 22, no. 4 (Winter 2004): 475-501. The committee comments "Kiri Miller examines the symbiotic relationship between the textual authority of printed editions of the Sacred Harp and the oral traditions of the singers who gather regularly across the country to perform its contents. Her study of the Sacred Harp singing tradition in the United States brings into sharp relief one of the most interesting and vexing questions in music bibliography: the relationship between music as it appears on the printed page and music as it is heard in performance. Touching on issues of publishing history, ethnography, acculturation, and authenticity, the author makes a convincing case for the 'inseparability of oral and written traditions in Sacred Harp practice.'" Other MLA Awards. The 2006 Dena Epstein Award for Library and Archival Research in American Music was given to two recipients, Robin Rausch and David Hursh. Ms. Rausch, music specialist in the Music Division of the Library of Congress, is writing a book-length biographical study of Marian MacDowell, wife of the composer, Edward MacDowell. She was, in particular, a champion of American artists, performing the works of American composers on her piano recitals, as well as being an early promoter of women composers. Rausch's work involves the use of several archives on the East Coast. To complete her work, she will travel to Boston to work with related papers and archives housed in the Boston Public Library and in the Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College. Mr. Hursh, music librarian at East Carolina University (ECU), is researching the life and times of Alice Person, a name little known outside of North Carolina, but who had a lasting impact on the culture of that region. She was a pianist of some ability, whose published arrangements brought her fame. A donation of Person's music to ECU has aided Hursh in bringing together the disparate strands of her story. …


The region of the (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xPbxTiO3 phase diagram from 0≤x≤0.2 was established through analysis of structure and thermal anomalies associated with changes in temperature and composition. The rhombohedral‐tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was investigated considering the dependence of the rhombohedral lattice distortion of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 (NBT) on chemical stoichiometry and fabrication processes. It was found that the MPB would lie in the composition range 0.13<x<0.15 when the lattice constant and lattice distortion of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 are 3.886 A and 89.6°, respectively. The phase transition sequence of (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xPbxTiO3 was rhombohedral↔tetragonal↔cubic as that of pure NBT when x was less than MPB composition. However, the intermediate tetragonal phase has either low tetragonal distortion for compositions with x<xrc (composition where rhombohedral↔cubic transition exists) or high tetragonal distortion for compositions with x≳xrc. The changes in structure and phase transition behavio...


7072 Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with introduction of imatinib has been transformed into a chronic illness. The options of treatment in a patient less than 35 years include imatinib or allogenic stem cell transplantation. Hence we studied this unique subset to look at the response rates, adverse effects, progression free survival, and overall survival with imatinib mesylate.

METHODS
477 patients with Philadelphia positive CML in chronic phase were retrospectively analyzed from January 2002 to December 2007 at Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India. Standard criteria were used for response evaluation and adverse effects.

RESULTS
A total of 248 young CML patients with age less than 35 years (51.9%) were diagnosed in chronic phase. The median age of study population was 27 years (4-35). The male to female ratio was 1.9: 1. Risk stratification was done using Sokal index and were classified into low (32.3%), intermediate (50.4%), and high (17.3%). All patients received imatinib 400 mg as the initial dose. Complete hematological remission (CHR) was seen in 96.7%.Cytogenetic (FISH) and molecular (RTPCR) monitoring was possible in 53.2% and 17.3%, respectively. 72% of the patients had major cytogenetic response. Major molecular response was seen in 34.8% while complete molecular response occurred in 23.2% of the patients. Primary and secondary imatinib failure was seen in 3.1% and 16.9%, respectively. 6.7% had grade 3 and grade 4 hematological toxicities. The other common non hematological toxicities included pedal edema (13.7%), hypo or hyper pigmentation (60.0%), hyalgia (14.5%), diarrhea (1.6%), and liver dysfunction (1.6%). None of the patients discontinued imatinib due to toxicities. The 3-year DFS and OS was 86.2% and 89.5%, respectively. Patients with male sex (p = 0.04), spleen > 8 cm (p = 0.02), high sokal index (p = 0.02), and loss of CHR (p < 0.001) were associated with poor outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Imatinib in young patients have an excellent tolerance and response. A small subset does not respond to therapy or develop resistance during treatment. Hence it is essential to identify these poor responders and to offer stem cell transplantation at the earliest. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The cultural sensitivity of pharmacy interns in New York City towards issues associated with serving multi‐ethnic populations was examined and measured. Cultural sensitivity included areas such as ability to speak/understand the local language, an understanding of the health needs and problems of different cultural groups and the desire to help patients of different ethnic backgrounds. In general, the 108 pharmacy interns who answered the survey instrument appeared to recognise the importance for practising pharmacists to be sensitive to the needs of ethnic populations. The interns felt that medication compliance, pharmacist‐patient relationship, patient satisfaction, patient trust and ability to understand over‐the‐counter directions would be greater if the pharmacist could speak the language and understand the culture of the customer population. Pharmacy interns of ethnic background and those with multilingual capabilities were found to exhibit greater cultural sensitivity. The results should be useful to educators in preparing future pharmacists for the profession.


Management of industrial solid waste is predicted becoming more complex as Vietnam develops rapidly, strives to become an industrialised country towards modernisation. In order to manage efectivelly industrial solid waste, there must be the participation of many actors in the waste management cycle, among them, it is necessary to mention the owner of industrial solid waste. Responsibilities of the owners of the industrialised solid waste that emitted to the environment are an issue that needs to be clarified in the waste management. Therefore, this paper concentrates on analysing the current laws in Vietnam defining the responsibilities the waste source owners and the mechanism to implement these responsibilities in the management of industrial solid waste. The writing figures out some limitations and inadequacies in defining responsibilities of the owners of the industrial solid waste sources. Then, it proposes a number of solutions that enhances responsibilities of the waste source owners in the industrial solid waste management. They are: 1/ Need more specific regulations on the responsibilities of the owners of the waste sources in classification of waste; 2/ Improve regulations on the market of waste goods; 3/ Supplementing regulations on specialised personnel at facilities generating industrial solid waste; 4/ Strengthen inspection, examination and supervision on the waste source owers; 5/ Improve the law on the system of economic intrusments to regulate acts of the owners of waste sources; 6/ Mobilise community responsibilities participating and promote socialisation in industrial solid waste management.