In this paper, application to image processing and image compression using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is presented. We show the impact of the spectral distribution of the images on the quality of the image compression technique. Four families of wavelets are considered: 1) Bi-orthogonal, 2) Daubechies, 3) Coiflet and 4) Symlet. Since the good basis wavelet recommended for DWT compressor may depend on the choice of test images, we consider three test images with different but moderate spectral activities. We then evaluate the performance of the four wavelets families on each test image. A comparative results for several wavelets used in DWT compression techniques are presented using the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) as a measure of quality. Finally, we present the comparative result according to PSNR versus CR for four families of wavelets, showing that bior4.4 yields a better performance than the other Wavelets in terms of tradeoff between PSNR and CR.


A study was performed to determine the effectiveness of extracting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from noncatalytically cracked canola oil using neutral and basic aqueous solutions. A detailed quantitative analysis was performed to determine the composition of the cracking reactor organic liquid product (OLP) before and after extraction. We have demonstrated that water alone can be used to completely extract C2 and C3 monocarboxylic acids, while partially extracting acids up to C6. The degree of extraction can be slightly increased by increasing temperature and, for some acids, by using multiple extraction stages. A basic solution (1 M NaOH) was found to extract a wider range of acids—up to C8—and this was independent of the temperature or number of stages. While this method was not capable of reducing the acid number of the OLP to within the specifications for fuel, it could be used to extract a narrow range (C2 to C5) of biobased carboxylic acids. As such, this method could serve as one step in a process to produce biobased carboxylic acids, replacing acids currently produced from non-renewable sources.


Using social media Web sites is among the most common activity of today's children and adolescents. Any Web site that allows social interaction is considered a social media site, including social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter; gaming sites and virtual worlds such as Club Penguin, Second Life, and the Sims; video sites such as YouTube; and blogs. Such sites offer today's youth a portal for entertainment and communication and have grown exponentially in recent years. For this reason, it is important that parents become aware of the nature of social media sites, given that not all of them are healthy environments for children and adolescents. Pediatricians are in a unique position to help families understand these sites and to encourage healthy use and urge parents to monitor for potential problemswith cyberbullying, "Facebook depression," sexting, and exposure to inappropriate content. Pediatrics 2011;127:800–804 SOCIAL MEDIA USE BY TWEENS AND TEENS Engaging in various forms of social media is a routine activity that research has shown to benefit children and adolescents by enhancing communication, social connection, and even technical skills.1 Social media sites such as Facebook and MySpace offer multiple daily opportunities for connecting with friends, classmates, and people with shared interests. During the last 5 years, the number of preadolescents and adolescents using such sites has increased dramatically. According to a recent poll, 22% of teenagers log on to their favorite social media site more than 10 times a day, and more than half of adolescents log on to a social media site more than once a day.2 Seventy-five percent of teenagers now own cell phones, and 25% use them for social media, 54% use them for texting, and 24% use them for instant messaging.3 Thus, a large part of this generation's social and emotional development is occurring while on the Internet and on cell phones. Because of their limited capacity for self-regulation and susceptibility to peer pressure, children and adolescents are at some risk as they navigate and experiment with social media. Recent research indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviors, such as bullying, clique-forming, and sexual experimentation,4 that have introduced problems such as cyberbullying,5 privacy issues, and "sexting."6 Other problems that merit awareness include Internet addiction and concurrent sleep deprivation.7 Many parents today use technology incredibly well and feel comfortable and capable with the programs and online venues that their chilGwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe, MD, Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, MD, and COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA


D-lactic acidosis occurs as a complication of short-bowel syndrome in humans and in a variety of other gastrointestinal disorders in monogastrics and ruminants. It is associated with signs of impaired central nervous system (CNS) function including ataxia and coma. The objective of this experiment was to determine if either acidification of nervous tissue or D-lactic acid is responsible for decreased neurological function. Eight Holstein calves (32 ± 11 d) were surgically catheterized with indwelling intravenous jugular and atlanto-occipital space cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) catheters and infused for 6 h in random order with iso-molar DL-lactic acid (DL-LA), L-lactic acid (L-LA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) or saline. DL-LA induced ataxia after 4 h of infusion and produced the greatest obtunding of CNS function (at 7 h, score 8.0 ± 0.4), whereas, the other infusions caused neither ataxia nor scores over 1.5 (p < 0.01 from DL-LA). After 6 h, DL-LA induced significantly less acidemia than HCl (pH 7.13 ± 0.06 and 7.00 ± 0.04, base excess −16 ± 1 and −23 ± 3 mmol/l, bicarbonate 11 ± 1 and 8 ± 1 mmol/L respectively, all p < 0.01), but greater than L-LA and saline (p < 0.01). CSF changes followed a similar but less pronounced pattern. Although HCl infusion produced a severe acidemia and CSF acidosis, only minor effects on neurological function were evident suggesting that D-lactate has a direct neurotoxic effect that is independent of acidosis. Conversely, L-LA produced only minor neurological changes.


The nesting activity, food, fat content and parasites of the speckled pigeon Columba guinea L. from Ahmadu Bello University at Zaria in Nigeria were studied during 1973. Five parasite species were found; the digenean trematode Echinostomum revolutum (Froelich), the cestodes Aporina delafondi (Raillet) and two species of Raillietina and the hippoboscid fly Pseudolynchia canariensis Macquart. The cestodes were the most important parasites since 92% of all birds examined were infected. Male birds had a heavier cestode load than female birds. The nesting season was essentially from October to April with a peak of activity during December and January. Male birds were heavier and showed greater variation in morphometric characteristics than females. Immature birds were lighter than adults but their wing and bill lengths were similar. These pigeons were mainly grain eating birds and the abundance of ground-nuts, guinea corn, rice and millet as items of food apparently coincided with the planting and harvesting seasons.

Pigeons in the nesting season had fewer fat deposits in the heart and smaller numbers of cestodes which were, however, heavier than those from pigeons in the non-nesting season. Male pigeons were lighter in the nesting season than males in the non-nesting season and had less fat but a greater parasite load in the nesting season than females.


This work falls within the context of prevention, mitigation and management of drought's risks, task of necessary development in the field of management of water resources and hydrological extreme situations. Thus, given the main drought related concepts and definitions accepted nowadays and also based on some drought planning experiences, this work aims to define a possible general methodology for the development of drought risks' minimization plans. To exemplify this study's methodology, it is presented a practical application of some of its guidelines to the Portuguese part of the Guadiana's River left margin case study, a region that is often affected by drought situations, exacerbating natural scarce water resources.


Collaboration between Universiti Malaysia Pahang and seven strategic partners empower all parties to strategically transforming the society through the commitment showed by governments, academicians, industries and communities in ensuring the success of communitising technology agenda which in line with the implementation of UMP Strategic Plan 2016-2020.


Use of methamphetamine worldwide now exceeds that of cocaine and opiates combined. Two studies illustrate the consequences of methamphetamine use for


Here, the effectiveness of a new calibration model for the characterization of archaeological bronze artefacts using laser induced plasma spectroscopy is demonstrated. Deep depth profiles are mandatory in the analysis of archaeological bronzes where intentional patinations and corrosion phenomena may significantly have altered the composition of their outer layers up to several hundreds of micrometers. The work shows that the standard calibration curves approach may produce errors in the quantitative analysis, which are corrected using 2D calibration surfaces.


............................................................................. 3 Final Report Summary............................................................. 4 • Outline of project and methods.......................................................... 4 • Summary of project results and activities to encourage adoption of project outputs............... 5 • Summary of publications, and communication and extension activities......................... 10 Appendix A • Full list of publications / extension documents • Full list of oral presentations Appendix B • Copy of publications Appendix C • Sub-project technical reports o 1. Salt management and coastal floodplain agriculture 1a. Opening floodgates in coastal floodplain drains: effects on tidal forcing and lateral transport of solutes in adjacent groundwater. 1b. The source of salts in low elevation areas on the floodplain and effects on cane yield. o 2. Backswamp vegetation management 2a. Alteration of groundwater and sediment geochemistry in a sulfidic backswamp due to Melaleuca quinquenervia encroachment. 2b. Forage species in acid sulfate soil backswamps: a comparison of 'wet' and 'dry' management strategies. o 3. Floodgate management and acid export management 3a. The effects of controlled tidal exchange on drainage water quality in acid sulfate soil backswamps. 3b. The acid flux dynamics of two artificial drains in ASS backswamps. 3c. The effects of a weir on reducing acid flux from a drained coastal acid sulfate soil backswamp. o 4. Re-flooding of backswamps – hydrology and surface water quality 4a. The effects of artificial drainage of floodwaters from acid sulfate soil backswamps on deoxygenation in the Clarence River estuary. 4b. Changes in surface water quality after inundation of acid sulfate soils with different vegetation cover. Appendix D • Media articles


Recently, liquid oxygen-liquid methane (LO2/LCH4) has been considered as a potential "green" propellant alternative for future exploration missions. The Propulsion and Cryogenic Advanced Development (PCAD) project has been tasked by NASA to develop this propulsion combination to enable safe and cost effective exploration missions. To date, limited experience with such combinations exist, and as a result a comprehensive test program is critical to demonstrating the viability of implementing such a system. The NASA Glenn Research Center has conducted a test program of a 100-lbf (445-N) reaction control engine (RCE) at the center s Altitude Combustion Stand (ACS), focusing on altitude testing over a wide variety of operational conditions. The ACS facility includes a unique propellant conditioning feed system (PCFS) which allows precise control of propellant inlet conditions to the engine. Engine performance as a result of these inlet conditions was examined extensively during the test program. This paper is a companion to the previous specific impulse testing paper, and discusses the pulsed mode operation portion of testing, with a focus on minimum impulse bit (I-bit) and repeatable pulse performance. The engine successfully demonstrated target minimum impulse bit performance at all conditions, as well as successful demonstration of repeatable pulse widths. Some anomalous conditions experienced during testing are also discussed, including a double pulse phenomenon which was not noted in previous test programs for this engine.


We address the binary quadratic knapsack problem (QKP) of selecting from a set of items, a subset with maximum profit, and whose overall weight does not exceed a given capacity c. The objective function of the problem, which measures the profit of the selection, is a nonconvex quadratic function, and the QKP is naturally formulated as a quadratic binary problem. Several works have proposed relaxations for the QKP varying from linear programs to more sophisticated semidefinite programs. In this work we propose the application of a cutting plane algorithm that iteratively strengthen an initial linear programming relaxation of the problem with the goal of obtaining bounds of good quality, with no need of solving semidefinite programming problems. The valid inequalities added to the initial relaxation are well known and commonly referred to in the literature as RLT inequalities and SDP cuts. Computational results illustrate the trade-off between the quality of the bounds computed and the computational effort required by the cutting plane algorithm.


The results of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections highlighted the continued existence of regional diversity across Ukraine and the huge task the Ukrainian state faces in reconciling divisions and creating an all-encompassing modern Ukrainian identity. This article seeks to examine perceptions and understandings of identity change in Ukraine from three cities, namely Luhans'k, Kharkiv and Sumy, all adjacent to the Russian-Ukrainian state border, in an effort to deconstruct the mega-region of 'eastern Ukraine' and in doing so, argue for the need for further academic scrutiny of inherent nuances within 'east' and 'west' Ukraine, differences, which more large-scale quantitative research fails to uncover. Data generated from in-depth interviews in schools with school directors, history teachers and schoolchildren are analysed to demonstrate how individuals reflect on the importance of the 'region' in Ukraine and secondly the role of Russia in Ukraine's identity politics. The impact of these results on Ukrainian politics and society as well as our understandings of regional diversity across Ukraine is outlined in the conclusions.


Intelligent manufacturing techniques has attracted much attention in SMT manufacturing system in recent years. A brief introduction to the basic idea of introducing intelligent manufacturing techniques to form SMT products intelligent manufacturing systems is described. Based on the analysis of SMT manufacturing system technical characteristics and problems, the basic composition and key technologies of SMT products intelligent manufacturing systems and technical system architecture are discussed.


Within the LIFE+ financed project QUADMAP an approach for the analysis and assessment of so-called quiet urban areas (QUAs) is developed and tested in three European cities, that is Bilbao, Florence and Rotterdam. As an internationally agreed upon methodology for assessing soundscape is still lacking, several researchers, for example within the COST Action on Soundscape, the ISO working group and the EC/EEA Expert Panel on Noise, suggest several methods and practices from multidisciplinary research. Within the QUADMAP pilot studies these proposed methods have been applied and adjusted in accordance with practical insights gained during the project. In the pilot studies various types of QUAs, in accordance with the EU Environmental Noise Directive, have been analysed by means of noise mapping, noise measurements and field studies. Based upon these analyses interventions were proposed for the selected areas in order to improve the current soundscape, and the overall perception and valuation of the visitors / users of these areas. The aim of delineating and protecting QUAs is that areas with good acoustic quality and relatively low(er) noise levels support relaxation and reduce stress levels. Limited research though is available on the effects on perception of well being, acoustic and/or environmental quality due to interventions within or adjacent to the area under study. As the QUADMAP pilot projects will comprise an ex-ante evaluation as well, more insight will be gained on the effects of various interventions such as noise barriers, low noise pavement and nature features, on both acoustic and perception factors.


Mergers and acquisitions have gained huge importance over the years. Despite huge investments, mergers and acquisitions have failed to achieve desired results. The sole purpose of this study is to explore the aftermath of mergers and acquisitions in Pakistan from the employee perspective. Existing literature suggests that there are more failures than successes in mergers and acquisitions, the reason being the poor implementation of such events. Mergers and acquisitions have consequences, and these consequences are subject to the nature and behavior of the individuals. This study was carried out to explore mergers and acquisitions from an employee perspective and what issues they come to face. With the interpretivist approach and qualitative strategy, the phenomenological methodology was implied to understand the issues of the employees from their lived experiences. Interviews were collected with snowball sampling from the employees who have experienced this transformation. For triangulation of the data, focus group discussions were also conducted among the participants. Moreover, the interview transcripts were validated with a member checking approach. After performing axial coding, constant comparison of the collected data was used, and themes and their relations were developed. Results unearthed several issues employees face, some are job-related, and others are personal life issues. In the former category, employees face the problem of job security, lost experience, communication gap, while in the latter they experience a disturbance in their social circles and personality issues such as stress and anxiety. These issues ultimately culminate into a negative influence on their growth.


During a period when hundreds of Americans, faced with hostility on their foreign holiday, are going to great lengths to conceal their nationality by acquiring the disguise of a T-shirt bearing the Canadian flag, and maple leaf stickers for their luggage, the contents of this little book are very timely indeed. The basic premise is that America isn't just a country, but a famous (and once trusted) brand that has been deliberately created and nurtured since its inception well over 200 years ago. It is a brand that has been successfully built around the core brand value of 'liberty' (as in democracy and the freedom of speech), as well as the belief that anyone, however humble their origins, can become unutterably wealthy and successful. As Anholt observed in an earlier book, Another One Bites the Grass,* with Hollywood as its advertising agency and NASA doing its sales promotion, what would you expect? Of course, 'Brand USA', as he calls it, is not just any brand, but the biggest global megabrand in the world. (Don't forget, everything is bigger in America.) Up until quite recently, any commercial brand, in any sector – fashion, technology, finance, food, automotive, drinks soft and hard – had only to announce that it came from America to acquire all sorts of attractive values and for doors to fly open to receive it worldwide, from Britain to Bangladesh. Just look at what it has done for Coca-Cola. This neat – in both the American and British senses of the word – little book charts how this brand has grown to superpower greatness (and some might add cultural imperialism), how it is currently in danger of jeopardising all that hard work and then gives those transatlantic brand managers a few tips on how to bring it back from the brink, based on textbook tried and tested commercial marketing thinking and techniques. Various successive American governments have been past masters at public diplomacy (read brand advocacy) these last two centuries, managing their country's reputation to benefit international relations, trade, commerce and immigration. The book is peppered with illustrative annotated examples, and anyone with even a modicum of US history under their Book Reviews


Solitary, size‐variable bees are adapted to a wide range of thermal environments (e.g., through critical thermal maxima, or CTmax) and are important, understudied subjects for research on species' vulnerability to climate change.
Centris pallida are solitary, ground‐nesting desert bees with females varying two‐fold in body mass. We hypothesized that body size would affect CTmax in female C. pallida, predicting that an increase in body size would result in increased thermal tolerance.
We tested the effects of female body mass on CTmax using a ramping CTmax assay while controlling for age. We used flow‐through respirometry to confirm that the behavioural indicator of CTmax correlated with the metabolic indicator of lethality.
Body mass correlated positively with CTmax; every 100 mg increase in body mass resulted in a 1.5°C increase in CTmax.
Female age (as assessed by an index score based on wing, thorax hair and mandibular wear) did not affect CTmax.
Flow‐through respirometry confirmed that loss of muscle control correlated with the metabolic 'mortal fall', or a decline in CO2 production.
As insect body sizes typically decline with higher temperatures, our data suggest rising temperatures could magnify thermal stresses on desert bee populations.


We present the report of a preliminary investigation into the reactivity of low molecular weight reductants acting as a non-enzymic detoxication catalyst. Mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol could catalyse the traditional reactions associated with the glutathione transferases (GSTs) in vitro, by accelerating the rate of conjugation reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) with specific activities of 172.8 and 748.5 µmole/min/mole of mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol respectively .Since the synthetic antioxidants have some mechanisms in common with naturally occurring antioxidants like ascorbic acid or tocopherol, we propose that such compounds or their polymers may be of physiological relevance serving a dual role of an antioxidant as well as a non-enzymic detoxication catalyst.


The proliferation and popularity of mobile phone usage in Sri Lanka has created an untapped potential for educators and organizations. The very recent introduction of m-learning to the higher education sector of the country is set to exploit much of this opportunity, but there remains some doubt on the readiness of people toward this revolutionary distance learning method. This paper critically evaluates the factors that would affect the intention to use m-learning among medical representatives, and also intends to shed some light on the barriers that hold the pharmaceutical sector back from utilizing it as a training tool. A sample of 210 medical representatives was selected, from an urban population of 450. The instrument of data collection was a Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using the statistical software SPSS 16.0. Correlation studies, simple linear regression and one-way ANOVA tests were conducted to establish relationships and test hypotheses. The results supported past literature through ten of the hypotheses with the exception of perceived self-efficacy and present level of education, which were not found to bear an impact on the intention to use m-learning. This empirical study is a first of its kind in Sri Lanka, and hopes to contribute to the existing body of literature on technology acceptance, in addition to providing invaluable insights to the pharmaceutical, mobile telephony and education sectors of this country.


Abstract Credibility theory refers to the use of linear least-squares theory to approximate the Bayesian forecast of the mean of a future observation; families are known where the credibility formula is exact Bayesian. Second-moment forecasts are also of interest, for example, in assessing the precision of the mean estimate. For some of these same families, the second-moment forecast is exact in linear and quadratic functions of the sample mean. On the other hand, for the normal distribution with normal-gamma prior on the mean and variance, the exact forecast of the variance is a linear function of the sample variance and the squared deviation of the sample mean from the prior mean. Bühlmann has given a credibility approximation to the variance in terms of the sample mean and sample variance. In this paper, we present a unified approach to estimating both first and second moments of future observations using linear functions of the sample mean and two sample second moments; the resulting least-squares analysis requires the solution of a 3 × 3 linear system, using 11 prior moments from the collective and giving joint predictions of all moments of interest. Previously developed special cases follow immediately. For many analytic models of interest, 3-dimensional joint prediction is significantly better than independent forecasts using the "natural" statistics for each moment when the number of samples is small. However, the expected squared-errors of the forecasts become comparable as the sample size increases.


The purpose of this study was to show the type-specific step characteristics during acceleration phase (0‒30 m) of a 100-m race. Fifty-nine male varsity sprinters (10.68 ± 0.22 s) were recorded running in 100-m races using 10 high-speed cameras, and step variables in 0‒30 m and maximum speed phase (MSP, 30‒60 m) were calculated. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subjects into the step-frequency (SF) or -length (SL) reliant group (i.e., type-specific) as indicators for the ratio of the SF and SL in the MSP. Then, each group was divided into two sub-groups according to the mean speed in MSP (good and poor sprinters). As a result, the sprinters were classified into SL-, SF-, and Mid-groups. In SL-group, good sprinters showed a longer SL from the 7th step to MSP than the poor sprinters. In SF-group, good sprinters showed a higher SF from the 7th step to MSP than the poor sprinters.


Vertebrate vessels respond to acute hypoxia by dilating (HVD) or constricting (HVC), but the mechanism(s) whereby vessels sense hypoxia and transduce this into a mechanical response remains equivocal. Here we use isolated vessels from a variety of vertebrates to provide evidence that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the O2 sensor: 1) in every vertebrate class the mechanical response of isolated vessels to hypoxia and H2S are identical; 2) the stimulatory effects of hypoxia and H2S appear to be mutually exclusive, in the presence of one stimulus, vascular responses to the second are greatly reduced or inhibited; 3) H2S is vasoactive at physiologically relevant concentrations; 4) H2S is enzymatically produced by blood vessels; 5) H2S gas is released by vessels during hypoxia and decreases during normoxia with a time course consistent with the hypoxia‐mediated mechanical response; 6) HVD and HVC are partially or completely blocked by inhibitors of H2S synthesis. The oxygen sensing mechanism may be as simple as the redox balance between endogenous H2S production and available O2 or enzymatically regulated. These experiments not only fulfill the criteria that H2S is a biologically relevant gasotransmitter in a variety of vertebrate blood vessels, they also suggest that H2S, or the production of H2S, serves as the O2 sensor/transducer in vascular smooth muscle.


Inspection and quarantine sections are serving for our country in foreign trade,the core function of which is to safeguard national economic security.In the elements affecting China's national economic security,inspection and quarantine can play an important role in safeguarding China's national security of foreign trade,environment,foreign capital,intellectual property,manufacturing industry,food provisions and strategic resources.


Electrospinning is a desired method to produce ultrathin fibers for tissue engineering. In order to mimic the nanofibrous structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) poly(propylene carbonate) ultrathin fibers were electrospun using N,N‐dimethyl acetamide as solvent. Cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, was found to aid in the formation of beadless fibers of poly(propylene carbonate). Electrospinning parameters viz. concentration of polymer and that of the surfactant used as an additive, flow rate, electrostatic field, and effect of inner diameter of the needle were investigated and optimized. Scanning electron microscopy showed porous scaffold and fibers of diameter ranging from nano‐ to submicron range. FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis of the obtained fibers ensured the complete evaporation of solvent and optimal thermal stability of fibers for tissue engineering applications. The prepared fibers possess Young's modulus of 10.19 and 26.39 GPa with the tensile strengths of 22.11 and 21.29 MPa under dry and wet conditions, respectively. The fiber mat was measured to have a porosity of 48% and exhibited competent water retention capacity of 64%. Furthermore the scaffold was found to support the adhesion of mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts proving its mettle as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering applications.


The article presents the evolution of wellbeing theories in the postulates of economic schools and concepts. It has been established that the first period of development of economic wellbeing theories was marked by polarized tendencies of market or state domination, which led to the consideration of social wellbeing by economists-theorists in the macroeconomic aspect. It has also been found out that forming the foundation of future scientific research their representatives laid the foundations for methodological understanding and development of many economic theories. The second direction of development of wellbeing theories is based on the imperatives of economic growth (location theories, neoclassical theories, theories of cumulative growth, institutional theories and new theories of regional development). It has been found that the rethinking of approaches to local and regional development at the present stage is associated with the actualization of the theory of endogenous development and the concept of local economic development (place-based theory). It has been found out that along with theories of well-being based on the economic concept, theories that determine the social status of people from the standpoint of their high standard of living and human development are widespread in international research. The third direction of wellbeing theories, related to the search for measures of human development that go beyond GDP, is now formed from an alternative flow of scientific thought in the established scientific direction. The end of the last century was marked by a significant interest in social indicators, outlined in various doctrinal forms: social progress, human development, quality of life, wellbeing in a new sense, as well as increasing attention to the individual and their original organizational groups (family, households, communities), and the definition of their weight in the relationship «state-market». Common expression of these concepts is a person whose view transformed from a purely materialist understanding of their wellbeing to a broader point of view – a person who professes values and is in collective interaction. The present study of the evolution of wellbeing theory indicates the need for the formation and implementation of public policy in the direction of intensifying local development and provision of high quality public services based on the principle of subsidiarity. Keywords: wellbeing, state, market, territorial community, economic growth, local economic development, human development, quality of life, subjective well-being


I. PROBLEM AND NEED THAT PROMPTED THIS RESEARCH Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) populations fluctuate. Periodic die-offs and rebounds are well documented (Murie 1944; Murphy and Whitten 1976; Whitten 1997). 28-35% increases and decreases in sheep numbers have been reported over 1-3 year periods in some areas in the Alaska Range (Arthur 2003) and in Canada (Hoefs and Bayer 1983). However, aerial trend surveys as well as anecdotal evidence suggest that sheep populations in Southcentral Alaska appear to have been experiencing a continual decline since approximately 1990 (ADF&G, 2007 sheep management reports).


Will Eisner coined the term sequential art to refer to comic strips/books and graphic novels, while arguing that this distinct discipline not only has much in common with film-making but it is in fact a forerunner to film-making. Sequential art is a powerful form of popular culture. However, the scholarly community has generally ignored this popular form of art. This article discusses the animated film Persepolis (Paronnaud and Satrapi, 2007) and explores the ways in which animation is used. We analyse this film in terms of the cultural memory discourse and suggest that this film not only creates a melancholic cultural memory of the past it negotiates, but also, paradoxically, it generates a nostalgic one. As we shall argue, the film's inherent melancholy and nostalgia allegorically communicate a quest for identity in our present-day societies.


This thesis describes a conformance and interoperability test tool for Digital Rights Management (DRM) developed on an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) service interoperability test platform. DRM is a security (protection) mechanism that allows a content issuer to manage the media objects to be delivered to the users with copyright protection. In DRM, the users then access DRM Content (i.e., the protected media objects) according to the Rights Objects. Before a DRM application is launched for a mobile device, it is essential to conduct testing to ensure that the DRM mechanism is correctly implemented. Based on the Testing and Test Control Notation version 3 (TTCN-3) specifications, we show how DRM test cases can be efficiently implemented.


About one-third of patients with Crohn disease develop intraabdominal fistulas, and of these, cholecystocolic fistulas are among the rarest. F-18 FDG PET/CT can detect a vast variety of fistulas, although most are discovered incidentally. We present a very unusual case of a 79-year-old woman referred for an F-18 FDG PET/CT for evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule. A colon mass was detected incidentally that appeared to directly invade the gallbladder; however, histologic evaluation after surgery revealed a colon adenocarcinoma, with an adjacent cholecystocolic fistula arising from a transmural fissure ulcer in a nonneoplastic colon segment consistent with clinically silent Crohn disease.


The problematics of PPM Al-Jumhuriyah students' language activities are Arabic students of PPM Al-Jumhuriyah are still low, and intracurricular muhadharah activities can support and improve the quality of Arabic students are still lacking. From this, the researcher considers that applying Muhadharah activities plays an essential role in improving the quality of students' Arabic speaking skills. This research was descriptive. It was analyze using qualitative methods. To collect the data, the researcher used interviews, questionnaires, and study documentation. The result is that the management of the process of implementing Muhadharah activities does not yet support the improvement of the quality of students' Arabic speaking skills. Based on the research results on applying Muhadharah activities in improving Arabic speaking skills, it shows several deficiencies and obstacles experienced by students. So the researcher's suggestion for the language mobilizer as a core part of linguistic activities is to vary the method of implementing Muhadharah activities that bring students to ease and encourage students to be more active in speaking languages and advising matters relating to language that runs in the boarding and guarding them.


This study aimed to examine how schools and universities gain competitive advantages from Management Information System (MIS) in managing online courses countering impacts of global pandemic outbreak. Literature review technique was used in analysing research findings concluded by some researchers. Results indicate MIS improved both school and university performance in delivering online teaching learning services. It provided fast and comprehensive information enabling the educational organizations to design appropriate instructional designs for various students. Future studies are advised to focus on various organizational factors to retrieve more comprehensive insights on strategies to pursuing successful online education services. Keywords— management information system, education service, online course, student, teacher, learners


Abstract : We have been studying the effects of radiation on poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA, which has been used as a resist in computer chip microlithography. In contrast to predictions based on solution photochemistry of related compounds we have found by careful spectroscopic study of the irradiation polymer leads to four different kinds of double bonds. These ester cleavage reactions do not necessarily lead to rupture of the backbone, a necessary condition for efficient use as a resist. We find evidence that not only does the state (solution vs. film) upon which irradiation is carried out affect the product distribution, but also that the stereochemistry of PMMA (atactic vs. isotactic) plays a role.


What is it that we actually see when looking at PET (positron emission tomography)-positive signals in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)?The PET image visualizes the distribution and uptake of a previously int...


Purpose – The aim of the research presented here was to detect, in line with the European Union's "Education and Training 2020" work program, the training needs of teachers and trainers working in the vocational education and training (VET) system in the Italian Region of Veneto to design courses, experiences and other training programs tailored to meet the needs emerged. Design/methodology/approach – Four focus groups were including VET teachers and trainers were created, two before the construction and two after the online administration of an ad hoc questionnaire asking teachers and trainers to rate 67 competencies (43 for teachers, 24 for trainers) on the two dimensions of self-assessment (explicitly defined as the current level of mastery) and importance (explicitly defined as the expected level of mastery). Eight hundred twelve teachers and 166 trainers filled in the questionnaire which also asked them to give suggestions about the courses, experiences and other training programs to be designed. Fin...


Students learn through talking (Britton, 1990; Gambrell & Almassi, 1996; Goldenberg, 1992-1993; Palinscar, 1986; Rubin, 1990; Swain, 1994; Vygotsky, 1986; Wells, 1990) and there is a documented need for more student talk in the classroom (Ernst, 1994; Johnson, 1995; Nystrand & Gamoran, 1991; Smagorinsky & Fly, 1993). Furthermore, the importance of student talk in the target language has been increasingly recognized in second language learning (Lantolf, 1994; Pica, 1987, 1991, 1994; Platt & Brooks, 1994; Swain, 1994). Through talk we learn not only the structur al components of a language but also the communicative application of them. Swain (1994) proposed three functions of talk that promote second language learning: noticing of structural characteristics, practice in using them, and opportunities to reflect on them. However, not all talk exploits these potential functions. In this chapter we focus on ways the classroom teacher can orchestrate and support a kind of classroom discourse that engenders active student talk that leads to second language learning. We examine the classroom discourse patterns of one sheltered English university language and cul ture class and show ways the default discourse pattern of U.S. classrooms (the teacher initiation, student response, and teacher evaluation [IRE]


Abstract INTRODUCTION ALTHOUGH many investigations have been conducted to ascertain the influence of dietary factors on avian coccidiosis, essential fatty acid (E.F.A.) deficiencies have not been studied on this respect. The resistance of animals to various diseases is enhanced by E.F.A.-containing dietary supplements. These diseases include tuberculosis in mice (Dubos, 1955; Hedgecock, 1955), aspergillosis in chicks (Ross and Adamson, 1961), respiratory diseases in chicks (Hopkins et al., 1963), bacterial infections in mice (Nagai et al., 1961) and Escherichia coli infections in chicks (Boyd and Edwards, 1966). This study was conducted to determine susceptibility of essential fatty acid deficient chicks to coccidial infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals. White Plymouth Rock cockerels were obtained from a local hatchery. Birds were randomly divided into groups for dietary treatments and housed in batteries of wire-floored, electrically heated cages. They were fed their respective dietary treatments ad libitum from one day of age until they…


Provided are: a surface protection film whereby display light from a display panel is effectively transmitted and an image can be stably displayed, whereas outside light is efficiently reflected and a mirror state can be stably assumed in conditions in which there is no display light from the display panel, the surface protection film allowing stable operation and not inhibiting display operability even when affixed to the viewer side of a capacitive touch panel; and a capacitive touch panel and an image display device using the same. A surface protection film for affixing to the viewer side of a capacitive touch panel, the surface protection film including a resin film and an adhesive layer, the relative permittivity of the resin film measured at a frequency of 1 MHz being a value in the range of 1.0-5.0, the reflectance to light having a wavelength of 555 nm being a value in the range of 20-80%, and the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 555 nm being a value in the range of 20-80%.


A review of current and specific literature was carried out in order to elaborate a proposal for the management of Chloridea virescens in the cultivation of blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.), developing strategies in each component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), including Cultural Control, Ethological Control, Biological Control, and Chemical Control (PBUA and PQUA) . Likewise, steps in the genetic improvement for quantitative resistance of the blueberry to this pest (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using wild relatives of this crop as a source of resistance genes are proposed.


Presented at Mendeleev Chemistry Conference, Moscow, March 1953. A study was made of the production and identification of the transplutonium elements with atomic number greater than 94. A detailed discussion is presented of the identification of elements 101 and 102 and the possible applications of these methods to elements beyond. A brief review of the discovery of all of the transplutonium elements is given to show the gradual change in experimental techniques. (J. E. D.)


The MARLINA‐T2D study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01792518) was designed to investigate the glycaemic and renal effects of linagliptin added to standard‐of‐care in individuals with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria.


Ceramics were prepared from hydrothermally-synthesized BaTiO3 (100 mol%), BaSiO3 (1.5 mol%), MnO (0.1 mol%) with Ho2O3 (0.5 mol%) and MgO (0.25–1 mol%). The compositions with Ho/Mg molar ratios of 4:4, 4:2, 4:1 were selected for examination. The ceramic samples were sintered at 1340°C (PO2<10-9 Pa) and, then, annealed at 1000°C (PO2<30 Pa). The distribution of Ho and Mg in the samples was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an element analyzer (EDS). Measurements of temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity over -55–155°C showed that the sample with a Ho/Mg ratio of 4/4 showed the least change of dielectric permittivity with temperature compared to the sample with a high Ho/Mg ratio of 4/1. The material with a Ho/Mg ratio of 4/1 is characterized by the deepest Ho diffusion into BaTiO3 and the slowest decrease of Ho concentration that is considered to result in a formation of a shell with considerable amounts of low-concentrated Ho-containing solid solutions.


The eddy current (EC) model is a widely used tool for simulating hysteresis losses in superconductors. It is a reliable way to estimate losses in 50 Hz transport current, applied field or AC-AC cases. However, in some applications, such as synchronous electric motors with superconducting field windings, a small multifrequency external magnetic field is present while a superconducting coil carries a DC current. In such cases, the use of the EC model becomes challenging. In this paper, we investigate the challenges confronted in such cases by using the EC model in their simulation. It is observed that the EC model using the power law resistivity leads to current density profile homogenization even when no changes happen in the driving quantities. Also, modeling uncoupled cases in which a DC bias current flows in the conductor is troublesome.


This paper describes a method of the determination of ochratoxin A in paprika powder after purification by immunoaffinity columns and high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. For extracting ochratoxin A two different solvent mixtures were compared. 10 random samples were tested for ochratoxin A residues.


Engine, the working fluid suction, compression chamber for compressing; expands the working fluid, the expansion chamber is discharged; receiving the working fluid from and compression chamber, a transfer chamber for transferring the working fluid in the expansion chamber, the working fluid internal volume of the transfer chamber is reduced during transport, including the transfer chamber.


This work was carried out in Yucatan Mexico aiming to evaluate the yield performance, Tryptophan (Trp) and Lysine (Lys) contents of two quality protein maize varieties (Sac Beh and Chichen Itza) growing in two Luvisols with low (Lot 1) and high (Lot 2) intensive agricultural use. Six treatments resulted from combining the two varieties with chemical fertilizers (60-80-00):(N-P205-K2O) alone or supplemented with biofertilizers (60-80-00 + Mycorrhizae + Azospirillum) and the control (00-00-00). The variables were: yield (t·ha?1), Trp, Lys (g of amino acid/100 g of protein), Ashes (%) and Crude Protein (%). A Randomized block design was used with three replications for yield, ashes and crude protein and two replications for Trp and Lys. Statistical differences were found only in ashes. Regardless of the intensive soil use both varieties showed good yields, ranging from 5.0 to 6.5 t·ha?1. Higher yields were documented in the low intensive use Luvisol (Lot 1). The higher yields, in Lot 1, were obtained with (T Chem-Bio) whilst in Lot 2 was with (T Chem). Yields increased with the application of chemical fertilizers alone or in combination with biofertilizers but the amount of Trp and Lys decreased. Sac Beh showed to have better protein quality than Chichen Itza but none of them reached the optimal ranges reported in the literature, so more evidence is required to start with a plan to rescue and maintain the protein quality of both varieties.


Recovery of fermentation products. Microbiological production of chemical products involves culturing of suitable microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts). The recovery or work-up procedure employed to isolate cellular material or active components (such as secondary metabolites) depends upon whether the substances are present in the aqueous phase, in the cells, or in both. Many products are sensitive (thermolabile, pH changes) and therefore require mild recovery conditions. This article considers, from an industrial viewpoint, the principal physical and chemical recovery methods (and some combinations), special requirements and operation modes of equipment, performance and consumption data, an assessment of various recovery methods, as well as development trends, future requirements, and desirable studies. Production of foods, tissue cultures, and methods of a purely preparative nature are not considered.


BOSTON--
 Massachusetts General Hospital just dedicated one of the most sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging machines around, one of dozens of neuroimaging machines planned for labs across the country, all paid for by White House drug czar John Walters9s office. Researchers are now putting together a major initiative to use the machine in concert with advances in genetics and animal research to vault the field into the forefront of neuroscience.


ABSTRACT The term 'big data' has gained huge popularity in recent years among IT professionals and academicians. Big data describes the massive amount of data that can be processed and analyzed using technology to gain business values that will help organizations to achieve competitive advantages. The current paper aims to develop a holistic model that includes the factors that would affect the success or failure of the implementation of big data in organizations. Furthermore, this research examines the opportunities that organizations would attain from implementing big data, as well as the challenges that could hinder this implementation. The proposed model provides IT managers and decision makers the important factors that they need to consider when deciding to implement big data in order to ensure that it achieves the competitive advantage. KEYWORDS: Big Data, opportunities, challenges, implementation INTRODUCTION The interest of big data has increased because of the significant amount of data generated every day. Data is getting bigger because it is continuing to be generated from more devices and more sources such as personal computers, mobile phones, government records, healthcare records, social media, street sensors, climate sensors, airport terminals, hypermarkets' points of sales, etc. These sources generate a massive amount of data and it will continue to generate more and more data as time passes since people are getting more dependent on technology. As anticipated by Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) report (2015), mobile data traffic is expected to grow to 24.3 Exabytes per month by 2019 because of increased usage on smartphones. This is nearly a tenfold increase over 2014. A study by Intel also showed that data has increased enormously in the last decade. It showed that humankind has generated five Exabytes until 2003. From 2003 to 2013, data has increased to reach 2.7 Zettabytes (i.e. 500x more data). Data will continue to increase to three times bigger than that by 2015. In the same context, Das et al. (2013) pointed to the rapid growth of global data. He mentioned that it took from the down of time to 2003 to create five Exabytes of information whereas now the same volume of data is created in just two days. This will continue to reach eight Zettabytes by 2015 (i.e. that is the equivalent of 18 million Libraries of Congress). Although data is increasing enormously, a very small fraction of this data has been exploited; the rest is not tapped yet. According to IBM and Intel, 90% of data is unstructured and is not used. Data can be classified into structured and unstructured data. Structured data refers to data that can be organized and stored in relational databases so it can be easily used and searched efficiently. Unstructured data refers to data, which does not have a pre-defined data model, or it is not organized in a per-defined manner such as videos, photos, images, emails, text documents and blogs. Searching and analyzing of unstructured data is more difficult than for structured data. Das et al. (2013) also argued that unstructured data would account for 90% of data in the next decade where analyzing this massive amount of data would expose new improvements in business that were impossible to determine previously. Indeed, the interest of big data has increased because it is supposed to have a significant impact on the organizations and this would be achieved by analyzing the unstructured data. According to a survey conducted by IDG Enterprise (2014) amongst more than 750 IT decision-makers in 2013, the interest in big data continues to rise, as nearly half of the respondents (50%) are implementing or planning to implement big data projects within their organizations. BIG DATA DEFINITION Although the term has gained huge popularity in recent years, it is still poorly defined and there is huge ambiguity regarding its exact meaning (Hartmann et al. …


transmission technique. As the ceramlc oxides are porus, the elastic moduli are corrected to zero porosity using the Maclenzie s formula '. It ha5 been observed that the youngs modulus and rigidity modulus are found to increase with silver content. A s such, it can be understood from the experimental Lalues that the atomic binding between the various atoms of 1 2 3 / A g composites, increases with increasing A g content. Debye


Objective: To investigate the effects of curcumin on the levels of TNF-α in plasm and sICAM-1 in serum of metabolic syndrome rats. Method: Twenty-two adult male SD rats were operated on two kidneys, one-chipped to induce renal hypertension. After operation, the rats were fed with a common diet for 4 weeks, and subsequently a high fructose diet for 4 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome. The 18 surviving insulin resist syndrome rats were grouped randomly as MS control, curcumin (200mg/kg/d). sham-operated group (n=8) were taken randomly as non-infraction control. Four weeks after treatment with the drugs by gastric gavage. The levels of TNF-α in plasm and sICAM-1 in serum were measured by ELISA Insulin resist of animal and human was assessed by ISI. Result: In comparing with that of the control group, the levels of TNF-α in plasm and sICAM-1 in serum were significantly increased in MS rats (P<0.05), The levels of TNF-α in plasm and sICAM-1 in serum of curcumin group were significantly decreased in contrast to that of the MS rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin can reduce the levels of TNF-α in plasm and sICAM-1 in serum, also can improve the symptom of insulin resistance and stop or make the happening of atherosclerosis slower.


This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a high-density multilayer stacked metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor based on a novel process of depositing the MIM multilayer on pillars followed by polishing and selective etching steps to form a stacked capacitor with merely three photolithography steps. In this paper, the pillars were made of glass to prevent substrate loss, whereas an oxide-nitride-oxide dielectric was employed for lower leakage, better voltage/frequency linearity, and better stress compensation. MIM capacitors with six dielectric layers were successfully fabricated, yielding capacitance density of 3.8 fF/μm2, maximum capacitance of 2.47 nF, and linear and quadratic voltage coefficients of capacitance below 21.2 ppm/V and 2.31 ppm/V2. The impedance was measured from 40 Hz to 3 GHz, and characterized by an analytically derived equivalent circuit model to verify the radio frequency applicability. The multilayer stacking-induced plate resistance mismatch and its effect on the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and effective capacitance was also investigated, which can be counteracted by a corrected metal thickness design. A low ESR of 800 mΩ was achieved, whereas the self-resonance frequency was >760 MHz, successfully demonstrating the feasibility of this method to scale up capacitance densities for high-quality-factor, high-frequency, and large-value MIM capacitors.


Adam Firdaus Sandi, 2018, NIT: 51145304. T, " Identification of damage to steam turbine blades on cargo oil pump on MT. Galunggung ", Diploma IV Study Program, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, Supervisor I: H. Amad Narto, M.Pd., M.Mar.E, Supervisor II: Adi Oktavianto, ST., MM.
The steam turbine (cargo oil pump) is an auxiliary aircraft that serves as a tool for loading and unloading processes on board, for example to unload cargo, unload cargo, dry cargo tanks, and tank washing, ballast and deballasting. Steam turbines are an initial drive that converts the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and is then converted into mechanical energy in the form of a turbine shaft rotation. Direct turbine shafts or with the help of reduction gears are connected to the mechanism to be driven. The method used in this thesis is a Qualitative Descriptive method with fishbone analysis techniques and fault tree analysis as a method to determine the causes and efforts to overcome them. The formulation of the problem of this research is what factors are the basis for the implementation of the damage factor of steam turbine blades on the cargo oil pump, and the efforts made so that the cargo oil pump runs normally. Based on the results of this study concluded that the cause of the implementation of steam turbine repair on the cargo oil pump is a steam turbine engine (cargo oil pump) that breaks the steam turbine blades, because at that time the ship has finished repairing or docking out of the ship, the ship then loading and unloading at the port of Cevron Dumai, first the turbine runs normally with a speed of 1000 RPM for ± 2 hours, after that the turbine experiences rotation or speed (RPM) which is unstable for ± 30 minutes and the turbine stops from rotation. The engineer keeps checking the turbine directly, when there is a physical check outside there are no signs of damage. after the demolition was carried out, the cause of the turbine damage was rubbing between the road blade and the transmission blade which caused the turbine blades to break, and the turbine bearing was also damaged. After observing the cause of the breakdown of the turbine blades, the installation of turbine shafts is not precise or not straight and bearing conditions are damaged or worn. The effort taken to overcome the damage of the steam turbine blades on the cargo oil pump is the installation of turbine shafts must be installed with precision or straight according to the manual book instructions, replacement of all damaged turbine bearings with new bearings, and periodic maintenance according to the plan maintenance system procedures .
Keywords: Steam turbines, broken turbine blades, bearing is worn


Abstract This paper reexamines ancient and modern translations of the adjective חום in Genesis 30:32–40. I propose that translating it as »brown« is legitimate and cannot be considered anachronistic, given that the color itself is evident in various ancient archeological finds. Using various equivalent terms in modern languages is unnecessary.


The presence of a major soluble protein in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] storage roots was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Three research groups have previously isolated a major soluble protein. Results from SDS-PAGE in this study indicate that all three proteins (ipomoein, sporamin, and an unnamed 25-kDa protein) appear to be the same. Ipomoein is suggested as the preferred name for this soluble protein.


Since the financial resources available for investment always has been limited, This limitation is more evident in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the priority for the allocation of these resources can be overcome this limitation. The purpose of this study evaluate the investment priorities of the agricultural sector is the of Mazandaran province Using the RCA index. The results that the highest priority for investment is in a subdivision of agriculture and horticulture. Due to the Subdivision agriculture and horticulture, and livestock and poultry in both of the two top priorities for many working people with low skills in working sections, Serious attention to this subsection and the training of personnel in this subsection does mention to us.


In this paper, we review the results of some studies addressing the problem of tungsten contamination in implantation processes. For some tests, the implanter was contaminated by implantation of wafers with an exposed tungsten layer, resulting in critical contamination conditions. First, DLTS (deep level transient spectroscopy) measurements were calibrated to measure tungsten contamination in ion-implanted samples. DLTS measurements of tungsten-implanted samples showed that the tungsten concentration increases linearly with the dose up to a rather low dose (5×1010 cm–2). Tungsten deactivation was observed when the dose was further increased. Under these conditions, ToF-SIMS revealed tungsten at the wafer surface, showing that deactivation was due to surface segregation. DLTS calibration could therefore be obtained in the linear dose regime only. This calibration was used to evaluate the tungsten contamination in arsenic implantations. Ordinary operating conditions and critical contamination conditions of the equipment were compared. A moderate tungsten contamination was observed in samples implanted under ordinary operating conditions. This contamination was easily suppressed by a thin screen oxide. On the contrary, implantations in critical conditions of the equipment resulted in a relevant tungsten contamination, which could be reduced but not suppressed even by a relatively thick screen oxide (up to 150 A). A decontamination process consisting of high dose implantations of dummy wafers was tested for its efficiency to remove tungsten and titanium contamination. This process was found to be much more effective for titanium than for tungsten. Finally, DLTS proved to be much more sensitive that TXRF (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) in detecting tungsten contamination. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Recent IGC research by Jessica Gottlieb (Stanford University) examines whether improving citizen information about both the responsibilities of local government and how democratic accountability works can lead to changes in voter behaviour.


Mobile wireless networks of the future will be expected to function in highly diverse environments from dense foliage to dense urban settings. Under these conditions, the phenomenon of multipath fading will be a problem Here we describe a new technique to eliminate multipath fading in such wireless networks. Our technique is based on a free parameter in the design of Fresnel zone plate antennas, a type of reference phase. The technique exploits our ability to control relative phase between desired signals arriving in the antenna beam and of undesired multipath signals coming from outside of the beam direction. By control over relative phase, we can reduce the degree of fading to arbitrarily small values.


In this work we present a generalization of our previous work of the X-boson approach to the periodic Anderson model (PAM), adequate to study a novel class of intermetallic 4f and 5f orbitals materials: the topological Kondo insulators, whose paradigmatic material is the compound SmB6. For simplicity, we consider a version of the PAM on a 2D square lattice, adequate to describe Ce-based compounds in two dimensions. The starting point of the model is the 4f - Ce ions orbitals, with J = 5/2 multiplet, in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Our technique works well for all of the parameters of the model and avoids the unwanted phase transitions of the slave boson mean field theory. We present a critical comparison of our results with those of the usual slave boson method, that has been intensively used to describe this class of materials. We also obtain a new valence first order transition which we attribute to the k⃗ dependence of the hybridization.


Local colors have an influence on the development and introduction of the local culture of an area. The purpose of the study describes the local colors of Minangkabau in the novel Dayon by Akmal N Basral. Data collection techniques include reading techniques, note-taking techniques, and library techniques. The collected research data is analyzed through three stages including, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis show that there is a local color content in the novel Dayon by Akmal N Basral, including: a) Inyiak Tiger Beliefs, b) Minangkabau Community Customs, c) art, d) language, e) livelihood of foodstuffs, f) local animals, and g) Traditional Houses. The existence of local color content in Dayon's novel shows that the author photographed the activities of the Minangkabau people. The local content is able to become a characteristic of regional communities and is useful in shaping the character of the nation.


The spread of digitalization to various levels of society, especially in Indonesia, has encouraged the emergence of many new digital-based types, namely the emergence of online sales sites or e-commerce.Tiket.com is an e-commerce site that sells train and airplane tickets, hotel reservations, and travel services. other. The purpose of this research is to find out how brand trust and image affect people's intention to buy airplane tickets from tiket.com. Quantitative methods are used in this research approach. 100 STTKD academics who bought airplane tickets online through tiket.com were the samples of this study. Utilizing the Purposive Sampling method to select the sample. As a research tool, questionnaires were distributed and checked for validity by testing the validity and reliability. Validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression tests, simultaneous partial F and T tests, and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used in this analysis. The test results show that: 1) Brand image (X1) influences purchase intention (Y) with an interest value of 0.000 <0.05 and t count 0.000 <0.05. 2) With a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and t count 0.000 0.05, brand trust (X2) has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention (Y). 3) With a significance value of 0.000<0.05 and a calculated f value of 0.000<0.05, brand image (X1) and brand trust (X2) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention (Y)


Many particle physics analyses are adopting the concept of vectorised computing, often making them increasingly performant and resource-efficient. While a variety of computing steps can be vectorised directly, some calculations are challenging to implement. One of these is the analytical neutrino reconstruction which involves fitting that naturally varies between events. We show a vectorised implementation of the analytical neutrino reconstruction using a graph computing model. It uses established deep learning software libraries and is natively portable to local and external hardware accelerators such as GPUs. Using the example of ttH events with a semi-leptonic final state, we present performance studies for our implementation.


Background The intramuscular nerve distribution and relative spindle abundance of the human hand have not been well defined, although this is important in guiding hand surgery. Methods Forty human hands were dissected and subjected to modified Sihler's stain and haematoxylin and eosin stain to investigate intramuscular nerve distribution and relative spindle abundance, respectively. Results The flexor pollicis brevis (FPB), adductor pollicis (AP), and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) contain separate nerve compartments. Neural anastomoses were observed in the thenar and hypothenar muscles, including the Y-like, O-like, H-like, and U-like appearance. We found that U-like neural anastomoses may be the characteristic of the opponens muscles. The relative spindle abundance was the greatest in the opponens muscles which may coordinate fine movements. Conclusion Except for the two opponens muscles, the rest of the thenar and hypothenar muscles could be used as whole muscle or half-muscle donors for muscle transplant. Our nerve map of the hand offers valuable guidance for hand reconstruction.


The dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) is a powerful tool to investigate the rheological behaviour of materials. This technique is widely used to predict the end product performances starting from raw material properties. The aim of this work is to investigate how the binder type, SBS-modified or unmodified bitumen, can affect the asphalt concrete performances. The DMA has been used to evaluate both, binder and concrete, rheological characteristics in a wide range of temperatures and frequenices. Unfortunately even up-to-date experimental devices cannot cover the whole range of interest. Adopting time-temperature superposition principle master curves can be obtained and performances can be predicted in a wider range of service conditions. In this work a satisfying correlation between binder and dense graded concrete dynamic parameters is reported. The data show that adopting the same grading curve the properties of neat and SBS-modified bitumen are transferred to the concrete mix. Moreover separating the complex modulus in its viscous and elastic components, it is possible to highlight the mechanisms that contribute to the final concrete mechanical behaviour. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 885061.


Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Falls and Parameters of Muscle Function A Prospective, Randomized, Doubleblind, Multi-center Study. M. Pfeifer, H. Dobnig*, B. Begerow*, K. Suppan*. Institute of Clinical Osteology, Bad Pyrmont, Germany, Department of Endocrinology, Graz, Austria. The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplements on falls, falls-related fractures and functional measures are well-known (Pfeifer et al. 2000, Bischoff et al. 2003, Dukas et al. 2004, Larsen et al. 2004). This prospective study was undertaken to test the influence of latitude, seasonal variations, possible threshold effects and duration of vitamin D efficacy after cessation of therapy. 242 healthy male and female subjects over 70 years of age and a 25-OH-D3 serum level below 78 nmol/l were recruited in Bad Pyrmont (52°N) and Graz (48°N) and were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: one receiving 1000 mg Calcium/day (Ca) and the other 1000 mg Calcium and 800 I.U. Vitamin D (Ca+D) over 12 months. This double blind intervention phase was followed by a treatment free observation phase over another 8 months. Falls as the primary efficacy parameter were recorded by diaries and phone calls every two months. Parameters of muscle function such as quadriceps strength, body sway and "timed up and go test" were measured every four months. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the statistics software of IDV, Gauting (Test + Estimation, Version 5.2, "CRO" Dr. Heinz, Vienna, Austria). Baseline parameters did not differ between groups. TABLE 1 shows intention-to-treat analysis after 12 months of treatment and 8 months of follow-up:


This research aimed to know effectiveness of implementing Guide Reading Model approach based PAIKEM in effort to improve students' learning activities at second grade students of SD Negeri 4 Kuranji. Significant of this research was to be used as resources and invention in implementing of learning process at real classroom. For teachers it could be used to improve competence in learning process and for students it could be used to improve learning motivation which had impact in improving students' achievement. This research was conducted in two cycles, acticities in every cycle was planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The result of final acting in cycle II showed that result of teachers' observation got mean score (4,43) and mean score of students' observation was (4,29). And result of improving students' learning activities was improving result of students' learning which got mean score (80,11), means indicator of completeness (> 75,00) was reached. Because indicator of completeness had proved so research was success and stopped in cycle II.


At the 1970 Modern Language Association meeting, I reported to Discussion Group on Literature and Psychology on the occasion of the twentieth annual meeting of that group and its predecessor. That was a retrospective account of what psychoanalytic criticism had achieved in the course of the years of its growing acceptance in academic circles. Since that was in the nature of a continuation of responses that some of us had regularly made when the meetings of the group were attended by new practitioners of the specialty who always posed a question something like, "How do you go about writing psychoanalytical criticism?" the resume was on a rather elementary basis, and I do not intend to repeat any of that at this time. What I want to do is to discuss briefly in more or less technical terms how psychoanalytical criticism has developed, how it stands today, and what the prospects are for its future. Earlier psychoanalytical criticism always tried to distinguish itself clearly from the practice of psychoanalytic theorists who used literature as a set of protocols for theoretical formulations. Let me quote from the introduction to the collection of essays which Eleanor Manheim and I published in 1966: "The literary critic who uses psychoanalysis is primarily and at all times a student of literature as an art form, only secondarily in the craft or science of psychology in any of its branches."1 The psychoanalytic critic reversed the process but used psychoanalytic formulations necessarily on a selective basis. His primary authority was almost always Freud,


Resumen Through peer review a journal endeavors to guarantee the quality of published articles. The aim of this paper is to analyze the difficult assessment task in the Spanish nursing area. We also present some suggestions on how to develop this task, based on data gathered from Spanish nursing journals, and thus contribute to enhancing nursing publications. We also give the results of a survey of relevant Spanish journals, and offer recommendations for nursing professionals.


Sexual orientation has been one of the sexual dimensions that has been more standardized, making invisible the realities that were moving away from heterosexuality. For this reason, this study aims to delve into sexual experiences with the same and the opposite sex in young women and men. 500 Spanish women and 500 Spanish men, between 18 and 25 years old, answered an ad hoc questionnaire about sexual diversity. The mean age of the sample was 21.23 years old (SD=1.99). A 26.1% of the participants identified with a different orientation than heterosexual, a 12.8% as a bisexual and a 10.8% as a homosexual. In general, women feel greater sexual attraction for both sexes, as well as a higher prevalence of sexual behavior and a greater willingness to engage in sexual behaviors with both sexes. Sexuality is more complex than traditionally estimated, a wide variety of behaviors is observed regardless of self-assigned sexual orientation. These results could be useful, in therapy, to work on self-acceptance and normalize one's sexual diversity and, as prevention, to educate in tolerance, reduce the stigma of the LGTBI community and make flexible concepts about sexuality.


[and] of things into corporeal and incorporeal, came into Roman law from the Greek grammarians'. (Historical introduction to the theory of law (1940) 5-6, citing Stroux 'Griechische Einfliisse auf die Entwickelung der romischen Rechtswissenschaft gegen Ende der republikanischen Zeit' in Atti del Congresso internazionale (Rome 1934) 1.126-7). Quotations from Homer in the Digest illustrating the contracts of sale and exchange (D. (Paulus) 220.127.116.11, cf. Inst. 3.23.2) or the incorporation of the Rhodian Sea Law (D.14.2) do not 'prove' significant Greek influence on Roman law, of course. Much that is similar can be the result of each society using its wits to solve a common problem. More direct is the influence of Greek thought showing Roman law adapting Greek legal categorisation. For example, although the Roman distinction between res corporales and incorporates is not the same as that between phanera ousia and aphanes ousia (for which see Todd, 204-5, 361-2), what is juridically significant is that both Greek and Roman (and for that matter, English) lawyers came to realize that property needs to be distinguished according to social need; its heritability, so as to preserve it within the oikos or familia, as opposed to its disposability by its current holder; its reservation to males; its use as endowment at a daughter's or sister's marriage; its availability as security or its liability to seizure for debt, and so on. This is the point at which the comparison of one system with another becomes significant, not only to satisfy the curiosity of jurists but also to shed light on the development of social institutions generally and the possibility that one system may have influenced another.


The Group-III nitride-based semiconductors have emerged as the leading material for the production of blue LEDs, blue laser diodes, and high power, high temperature electronics. The achievement of high brightness (HB) blue InGaN LEDs has basically led to a revolution in LED technology and opened up enormous new markets that were not accesible before. The historical evolution of GaN materials and device technology in Japan to the USA and Europe in the early 1990's is regarded as one the key developments in solid-state devices today. In Europe gallium nitride materials and devices have gained increasing attention from both academic institutions and industry. The industrial effort is being led by the Siemens/Osram joint venture (Osram Opto Semiconductors), which is in full scale production of blue and white LEDs. In addition, Philips lighting has a joint venture with Agilent technologies (LumiLedsLighting LLC) to develop GaN-based solidstate lighting. The automotive industry in Europe is leading the world in implementing GaN LED backlights in dashboards with several models of Volkswagen automobiles already in production. Europe also possesses leading efforts in both bulk crystal growth and the leading producer of epitaxial systems (Aixtron). The purpose of this chapter is to review the status of GaN materials technology with an emphasis on epitaxial growth.


The properties of domain walls in ferromagnets that are elastically soft are considered. The wall energy is comprised of exchange, anisotropy, elastic, and magnetoelastic terms. Results are given for the energy and profile of a model crystal with [100] easy axes and large tetragonal magnetostriction. The wall energy is calculated for Neel walls propagating in [010] and [110] directions. It is shown that the [110] wall has lower energy for all values of magnetostriction. It is argued that these walls should be observable in crystals with magnetoelastic energy large enough to overcome demagnetizing effects. Candidate materials include Fe1−xGax alloys, rare earth–zinc compounds, and certain martensitic materials in their cubic phases.


Reminiscences about I. M. Gel'fand on the 100th anniversary of his birth, and about mathematical life in Moscow in the former Soviet Union.


AIM To study of preventive action of extract from maritime shellfish (EMS). METHODS The hyperlipoidemia model in quails was induced exogenously by hyperlipoidal feed of 1% cholesterol, 14% lard, 6% peanut oil, and oral EMS at the same time. The lipoid in serum was determined for 2,4,6,8,11 weeks after administration. RESULTS EMS 5,10, 20 g. kg-1 sign efficiently reduced serum TC(P0. 05,P0. 01) ,and inhibited promotion of serum LDL-C and apo B in varying degrees (P0. 05). EMS 20g昸g-1 evidently lowered the serum TC and rised the HDL-C concentration (P0. 05). CONCLUSION EMS have the preventive action of regulating lipoidemia on experimental hyperlipoidemia.


The current interest in materiality within the humanities is often called the material turn. Turning toward materiality has also meant turning away from all sorts of anthropocentrism: the assumptions that humans are uniquely important, knowing, and active in a passive material world; and the assumption that there is a big, powerful, anthropomorphic god running the world. In fact, any theology becomes suspect. Accordingly, the turn seems an odd fit with much of Western religion. The main theme of the book, set forth in this introduction, is that even in Jewish and Christian traditions, where the Big Authority God and centrally superior humans seem most prominent, there are lines of thought that indicate a world that is itself divine, full of divinity, or in the divine image. These are especially developed during periods of lively interchange among faiths and philosophical traditions, particularly late antiquity and the late Middle Ages. Most of these developments occur in textual traditions associated with the figure of Wisdom as creative and sustaining. The introduction previews the chapters to follow, beginning with a discussion of the working of myth and continuing into analyses of three mythic bodies (the primal human, the redeemer, and the risen body).


This paper presents results from successful field validation of an alternative method to measure tie reactions. This method uses a pair of strain gauge circuits mounted on the web of the rail placed in a crib between ties and above a tie. Tie reactions have been traditionally measured using instrumented tie plates or load cells placed at the rail-tie interface. These methods require modifications to ties and tie plates which makes them expensive and difficult to use in revenue service. The field test, conducted in October 2020 at the Letterkenny Yard in Chambersburg Pennsylvania, compared tie reactions obtained by the three methods. The test also confirmed independence of rail circuit calibration from the calibration device configuration. Measurements of tie reactions provide an indication of load distribution and vertical support along the track structure. Locations with weak support condition tend to develop geometry conditions that are prone to further deterioration and component failure. The newly validated method


ABSTRACT There are about 3 million Hungarians living as minority abroad in seven countries of Central Europe. Our research covered higher education with Hungarian medium of instruction in four countries where Hungarians still live in homogeneous blocks. The main points of our analysis were how the progressive assimilation effects on their perception of their life prospects, since we suspected that the controversial relationship between national identity and citizenship still has its negative effects on subjective factors of their life. For our investigation, we compared the families' social status, the students' academic careers, and their future career plans, their views on the meaning of their lives and on generalized trust as well as their religiosity. A subsample of students from Hungary was also involved in the comparison. We analyzed data on 1739 students . We concluded that progressive assimilation did not coincide with positive prospects.


To determine whether lysophospholipids (LPLs) serve as danger‐associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) in initiating inflammations, we analyzed the tissue expressions of all 26 LPL receptors in 23 human tissues and 21 mouse tissues. We also examined the expression changes of the 26 LPL receptors in five prototypic chronic sterile inflammations including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), metabolic inflammatory diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes. We made the following important findings: 1) Three LPLs including lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) bind to two specific G protein‐coupled LPLs receptors (LPL‐GPCRs) while other four LPLs bind to more than five LPL‐GPCRs, respectively; 2) Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophingolipid sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) and lysoyphosphatidylcholine (LPC) have ubiquitous physiological signaling functions among tissues whereas other LPLs, especially LPI, may have tissue‐specific functions; 3) The expressions of certain LPL‐GPCRs are significantly upregulated in human and mouse RA, CAD, and other metabolic inflammatory diseases; 4) Mechanistically, pro‐inflammatory cytokine signaling regulates the expressions of LPL receptors; 5) Toll‐like receptor (TLR), presumably bound by other DAMPs, regulates the expressions of LPL receptors; and 6) In cross‐talking, LPL receptor signaling regulates the expressions of TLRs; 7) We propose for the first time that, in parallel to the well‐accepted danger associated molecular pattern receptor model, novel homeostasis‐associated molecular pattern molecules (HAMPs) receptors (HAMPRs) are the receptors for binding to signals that are generated from endogenous metabolic processes and can initiate anti‐inflammatory/homeostatic signaling and promote inflammation resolution. From this point of view, we propose a new paradigm of that LPLs are either pro‐inflammatory DAMPs or anti‐inflammatory HAMPs for regulating the onset of inflammation, inhibition of inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. This new paradigm and new concept of HAMP receptors would significantly improve our understanding on the roles of LPLs and other endogenous metabolites in regulating the pathogenesis of inflammations and eventually lead to the future development of novel therapeutics for rheumatoid diseases, metabolic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory cancers.


In the briefing process, the client's requirements for the proposed building are communicated. This process informs decision making, especially with regard to forming the objectives and definition of the project formulation. The objectives and definition of the project are important since they provide direction and are essential for successful outcomes of the project. The clients are responsible for determining and communicating their requirements to other project participants and leading them in transforming those requirements into a completed building. Therefore the performance of clients during the briefing process is crucial. This paper describes the ongoing research carried out at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), which is continuously involved in implementing construction projects for their 24 (twenty-four) campuses nationwide. It presents the conceptual framework of the research and the findings of the pilot study carried out on such construction projects. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey on 17 mixed-development projects for various faculties within the university were administered. The data was obtained from both the client's representatives and consultant Architects involved in the projects. Three categories of clients' performance were investigated namely, quality, brief management efforts and commitment of the clients' organization. The findings highlight the current performances of clients during the briefing process and their impact on project success in terms of time, cost and functionality.


The study presents the results of the composition development for producing heat-insulating fire-resistant coating for concrete and metal surfaces of various construction facilities. The composition includes binder siloxane rubber, filler hollow carbon microspheres, and flame retardant additive – electroplating sludge. Siloxane rubber improves heat-insulating properties of the obtained coating. Hollow carbon microspheres used as fillers in the amount of 20-50 wt.p. decrease heat insulation of the coating. Flame retardant additive in the amount of 10-15 wt.p. provides selfextinction effect to the cured coating. The study demonstrates that hollow carbon microspheres characterized by low heat insulation ratio are much more effective as compared to the glass or ceramic microspheres. Besides, they provide high strength and low specific weight due to their valuable physical and chemical properties. Metals hydroxides and oxides contained in the electroplating sludge serve as flame retardants in the polymer heat insulating coating, and effectiveness of their activity is directly proportional to their content in the composition, but the increase of galvanic sludge over 15% is undesirable, as the composition viscosity increases physical and mechanical properties of polymer coating. The study demonstrates that siloxane resin based composition filled with hollow carbon microspheres and containing flame retardant additive of galvanic sludge facilitates producing comparatively cheap but rather effective construction polymer coatings with good heat-insulating and fire resistant characteristics.


Section I: YOUR TEACHING PORTFOLIO: WHY? WHAT? HOW? 1. What Is a Portfolio and Why Do I Need One? 2. Organizing Your Portfolio and Connecting to Your Standards. Section II: REFLECTION AND YOUR PORTFOLIO. 3. First Reflections and Your Portfolio. 4. Reflections on Your Work. Section III: DEVELOPING YOUR PORTFOLIO: WEAVING IT ALL TOGETHER. 5. The Developmental Portfolio. 6. The Showcase Portfolio. 7. The E-Portfolio. 8. Summarizing Thoughts.


The invention relates to a spelling input method. The method comprises the following steps: setting an initialized virtual keyboard displayed on a touch screen and receiving letters or character strings inputted by a user when an electronic device is in an editing state of a spelling mode; searching a Chinese character font library according to the received letters and judging whether Chinese character spellings starting at the received letters are included in the Chinese character font library; and determining a next legal letter positioned at the back of the received letter in the searched Chinese character spelling, thereby determining a matched letter and displaying a virtual key only corresponding to the matched letter on the touch screen. The invention also provides a spelling input system. By the adoption of the spelling input system and the method, a user can be assisted in quickly and accurately inputting the spellings.


The purpose of the present investigation was to measure the spectral emission from a range of television sets and to calculate viewing times that are unlikely to be harmful to patients suffering from actinic reticuloid. Measurements of UV radiations levels were made at a distance of 1 meter


Invasive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease which occurs with diff erent clinical presentations, pathohistological characteristics and clinical course. Most common types are invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specifi ed (IDC-NOS, 70-80%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (5 – 15%). Systemic therapy of breast carcinomas is mostly determined by their molecular classifi cation, which is based on genetic research of NOS ductal breast cancer, without the inclusion of rare histological types. Since some rare breast tumors have excellent prognosis despite unfavorable molecular characteristics, when deciding on the optimal treatment, both molecular and prognostic characteristics should be considered. Tumors of non-epithelial origin, such as sarcomas, lymphomas and phyllodes tumors also appear in breasts.


With the purpose to elucidate the influences of various vitamins on the function of megakaryocytes as well as to investigate the effect of B(12) and folic acid on the same function in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, the author conducted a series of tissue culture (cover-slip method) of human bone marrow with direct addition of various vitamins (excluded V.C) on one hand and vitamin B(12) and folic acid to the bone marrow of the patients with the idiopathic purpura on the other; and obtained the following results: 1. With the addition of B(12) 50 γ/c.c. or 15 γ/c.c. the function of megakaryocytes was somewhat promoted. 2. In the case of addition of folic acid 0.015 mg/c.c. the function of megakaryocytes was markedly increased. 3. In the case of the addition of vitamin B(12) and folic acid in combination, these two substances acted in concert with one another. 4. The addition of such vitamins as B(1), co-carboxylase, vitamin B(2), B(6), P, K, and nicotinic acid showed no effect at all on the megakaryocyte function. 5. B(12) as well as folic acid acted directly to stimulate the megakaryocyte function of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.


Abstract In this article I examine three examples of philosophical theories of scientific representation with the aim of assessing which of these is a good candidate for a philosophical theory of scientific representation in science learning. The three candidate theories are Giere's intentional approach, Suárez's inferential approach and Lynch and Woolgar's sociological approach. In order to assess which theory is more promising, I will compare the three candidate theories to two aspects of scientific representation in science learning that emerge from empirical research on science learning. I label these aspects as the intentional and normative character of scientific representation in science learning. As I argue, whereas the other competing accounts of scientific representation can only capture one of the two aspects highlighted in this article, the inferential conception has the capacity to capture them both in a coherent way. Thus, I conclude that the inferential conception seems to be a fruitful philosophical theory of scientific representation in science learning.


The utility model discloses a clamping device of a vehicle navigation mobile phone. The clamping device of the vehicle navigation mobile phone comprises a fixed frame arranged on a box cover of a vehicle storage box and a fixing groove formed in the box body of the vehicle storage box, and a spring is arranged between the box cover of the vehicle storage box and the fixed frame, wherein clamping grooves used for fixing the navigation mobile phone are formed in the fixed frame, and the clamping grooves and the fixing groove are oppositely arranged. The root portion of the fixed frame is rotatably connected with the root portion of the box cover of the storage box through a rotary shaft, and a locking buckle used for fixing the end portion of the fixed frame is further arranged on the box cover of the storage box. The clamping device of the vehicle navigation mobile phone is simple in structure, low in cost, firm in clamping, high in stability and small in occupied space, and does not obscure the sight of a driver, and compared with the prior art, the clamping device of the vehicle navigation mobile phone is beneficial to improving driving safety.


PURPOSE: A charger for a smart battery, a charging method thereof and a power supply device for a notebook computer using the same is provided to be capable of executing various charging operations securely corresponding to types of the smart batteries connected to the notebook computer. CONSTITUTION: The smart battery charger(60) supplies charging voltage and charging current to the smart battery(70) selectively by controlling data input through an SM(Switching Mode) bus. The smart battery charger(60) and the smart battery(70) are connected to a keyboard controller(80) through the SM bus. The keyboard controller(80) determines the power on-off status of the notebook computer, based on second power voltage output from an SMPS(Switching Mode Power Supply)(130), and identifies the types of the smart batteries, based on battery identifying signals output from the smart battery charger(60). The system controls the smart battery charger(60) appropriately based on the above detecting results and status data of the smart battery(70), thus charging the smart battery(70) stably and optimally. A constant voltage regulating circuit(150) supplies operational powers to the keyboard controller(80), regardless of the power on-off and external power source.


A heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit is an essential unit to adjust temperature for passenger's comfortability in an automotive cabin. For efficient and reliable design and development of the HVAC unit, the interior thermal flow needs to be simulated and the performance needs to be evaluated with low cost and high fidelity. Hence, this paper develops measurement-based strategies for high-fidelity thermo-fluid dynamics simulation of an HVAC heat exchanger. These strategies tune up the parameters of a porous media model in the governing equations, which model the interaction between the heat exchanger and the surrounding thermal flow field and are conventionally fixed to certain constants, by functionalization or data assimilation with actual measurement data. The present results show that both strategies are able to reduce discrepancies between the simulation and the actual measurements, and improve fidelity to simulate the temperature field without sacrificing the simulation cost very much. Especially, the data assimilation strategy is more effective to yield more accurate simulation results only with the measurement data while the functionalization strategy needs to derive theoretical correlations. It demonstrates that data assimilation is helpful to assist reliable and efficient design and development of an HVAC unit regardless of designer's professional skills or knowledge.