To provide a measured, data-driven response to the changes COVID-19 brought about that also reflects the organizational mission of protecting the public, NCTRC used feedback and guidance from the profession, legal counsel, and accreditation bodies within the credentialing industry to increase access to certification and support for applicants and certificants. The NCTRC financial assistance programs were heavily promoted, and changes were made to certification standards and interpretive guidelines related to internships, access to the CTRS exam, and options to regain certification for those outside the re-entry period.


This paper reports the results of research into parental experiences of the Somerset (UK) "Time Together" home visiting intervention, with regards to its impact on the parent-child relationship. The research was carried out using an Attachment Theory lens in order to understand the qualitative experiences of seven parents of children in the early years who were identified as being socially isolated and/or having difficulties relating to their child. The key findings were that parents experienced a change within their notion of self, seeing their child as a separate self and seeing the world more through their child's eyes. They experienced a wider range of play activities which brought about greater levels of attunement and enjoyment. The parent and home visitor relationship served to empower parents. A flow diagram was created to illustrate the processes of the research interactions and outcomes. This provides a model of how parents can be supported to experience greater enjoyment within their relationship with their child, and increase their level of social engagement.


The radical economic reform, cardinal change of geopolitical position of Russia significantly raised a role of the external economic factor in country development. Strengthening of the external economic factor objectively is explained by the carried-out market transformations forming qualitatively new bases for interaction of domestic economy with world, domestic market with the external. All this demonstrates as far as profound development of the theoretic-methodological and organizational and practical questions connected with the analysis of world practice of foreign economic relations and the relations at various levels now is necessary. In this regard authors of this article conducted the research which has allowed them on the basis of data of official statistics to carry out the analysis of foreign economic relations of the certain region (on the example of the Tambov region) to consider dynamics of a foreign trade turnover, its structure, export and import of goods, their product range, geography of export and import deliveries, and to plan the main tendencies of development of a situation.


If these words are not a revelation of ignorance of true psyclho-aiialytic miiethods they miiust be worse-an intentional imiisrepresentation of thenm. In eitlher case they are apt to give your readers a miiost erronieous conception of psycho-analysis. I hope I may tllerefore be allowed to explain that psycho-analysis is nothing more than a mnethod of disclosing a complete mi-ental hlistory of a patient by means of association experimnents and the metliod of free association, witlh or without the use of the galvanometer and sphygmograpl, by the interpretation of dreams and crystal-ball visions, and, tlhouglh not by Freud himiself, lhypnotism. In this way all manner of repressed, hidden and lhalf-forgotten worries are brought into clear consciousness, and the physician endeavours to reveal them in their true liglht, so that appropriate and adequate cmotional reaction may take place on the long recognized principle that " she iLiust weep or she will die." Leading quiestions and coarse suggestions find no place in true psycho-analysis; repressed comiplexes must be unearthed by means of the patient's own systems of association. Persons wlho disobey this principle and thlus bring discredit on psycho-analysis hav'e been dcubbed by Freud hIisnself TVildpsychoanalytiker. Now, the sole aims of life, from a biological standpoint, are preservation of theindividual and perpetuation of the species. It is therefore not surprising to find that the miiental history of any li"ving person contains a large sexual component; and the reason why this is such a common etiological factor in nervous and mental disease, and whv psycho-analysis is required to discover repressed sexual complexes, is that they are " the very subjects that cleanlmiinded mnen and pure-minded women put belhind tliei and refuLse to thinlk about." Most of oULr patients are cleanminded mien and pure-muinded women w%rho repress ''all sexual desires, thoughts and incidents to such an extent thiat thlese becomle an unrecognized focus of mental irritation in suLbconsciousness and, in a nieuur6pathic individual, cause mental breakdown. No otlher complexes undergo suclh repression, except perhaps crime -and alcoholism. Repressed crimes, suLch as theft, often of a trifling lnature, are liable to cause neurosis or psychosis in a neuropatlh. Dr. Mercier has burlesqued, parodied, and travestied Dr. Maeder's paper. For example, libido in tl.e Freudian sense does not mean lust, which signifies conscious lascivious desir-e, but rather latent unconscious seua'al energy. When Dr. Ma'dder says that the Englishman's devotion to sport is a symptom of suppressed libido (not " lust "), he means that the Englishman's sexual energy is sublimated into his sport. A'aiu, Dr. Maeder, wlhen he says that domestic pet.s in England are the lightning conductors of libido (not " lust"), lie is mak ng no sucll coarse suggestion as Di. Mercier's; lie is merely alluding to such facts as the keeping of (lomestic pets by old maids as an ouLtlet for their affection, which, would otherwise have been bestowed uponl a hiusband and children. But "'tlle proof of the puddinig is in the eating of it," and one caninot but be impressed by the fact that no opponent of psycho-analysis has ever given it a serious trial, and that all wlho have made serious attempts at psycho-analysis recognize it to be lhelpful to the physician anid to thie patiept. If there are any exceptions, these are the people vhose criticisms we want to hear. Of course, psycho-analysis has its failures as well as its successes, like any other form of treatment. Jn any case it cannot be right to stigmatize as a "Continental fad" the life-work of a mian who is acknowledged by hiis contemporary colleagues as a great psychologist. Even Dr. Mercier ranks Freud with Kraepelin alnd ]lcigsoiu, which is not so bad.-I amii, etc., Londoni, S.E., Feb. 1st. W. H. B. STODDART.


This paper presents a fast and reliable fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant approach for grid current and dc-link voltages sensor faults in the single-phase cascaded H-bridge rectifiers (SPCHBR). Firstly, a state observer with the mixed logic dynamic (MLD) model is established for obtaining the observed sensor signals and system residuals. And then normalized residuals are generated to diagnose and isolate single or multiple sensor faults online by comparing different residuals with thresholds. Moreover, fault-tolerant control is realized by redesigning the observer gain and substituting the observed values for the measured values. The proposed approach can accomplish the accurate location of the faulty sensors and system reconfiguration within half of the current fundamental period. The effectiveness and availability of the proposed approach has been verified by MATLAB/Simulink.


The search for royal councillors was one of the major difficulties which Henry V had to face once he had achieved the conquest of Normandy. Many local royal officials, having taken the oath of loyalty to the king, were confirmed in their posts; others were brought over from England—a system which proved satisfactory at first. But the finding of personnel for the higher offices presented Henry with a serious problem. Since he was unwilling to trust the native French at so early a stage he could, and did, begin by seeking the counsel of his fellow-countrymen. But this method could not continue indefinitely, since it did not correspond with the intentions lying behind the conquest, planned to be lasting and permanent. However, the alliance with Charles VI, cemented in 1420 by the Treaty of Troyes, meant that the English could now call upon a number of Frenchmen, many of Burgundian origin or sympathy, to serve in the royal council. It was soon realised, too, that the university of Paris was an admirable seed-ground for future royal councillors, especially lawyers, of whom there was need. By the end of Henry V's reign, a number of these graduates were already employed by the English: under the regency of the duke of Bedford they soon achieved a numerical superiority in the royal council in France. From now on, the English dominions were to be ruled by men of these two groups.


Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown across a wide range of environments, is considered one
of the most drought tolerant food legume, and plays an important role in the production of
sustainable agriculture mainly in the traditionally semiarid areas of Mediterranean basin,
where water resources keep decreasing. Objective of this study was to evaluate the influence
of supplementary irrigation on ten genotypes of chickpea crop, in order to select the most
suitable ones for a sustainable agriculture in the context of scarcity of water resources. A splitplot
experiment was carried out at Policoro, Southern Italy, on a sub-alkaline, silt-clay alluvial
soil. The supplementary irrigation was compared with non-irrigated cultivation. The climatic
conditions during the crop growing season were characterized by average temperatures higher
than the normal ones during the winter months, and a remarkable drought, except in January.
Three genotypes (Pa 34 and cultivars Sultano and Pascia) showed a higher yielding potential
in these environmental conditions reaching values from 436 to 492 g m-2. Supplementary irrigation
increased the yield of three genotypes only (Pa 3, Pa 21 and cv. Crema) and this result
can be explained with the excessive drought during the two months after the last
supplementary irrigation (shrivelled seeds).


In the course of a study involving the routine identification of Tunicata the need became apparent of an attempt being made to define more clearly than has been done the diagnostic characters of certain species. The examination of a widely-collected material demonstrates the fact that in certain species considerable variations in structure accompany changes of habitat (depth, latitude, temperature, type of substratum, etc.), while other species vary but slightly.


Melanoma may mimic clinically a number of benign skin tumours by exhibiting overlapping features that do not allow accurate differentiation. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool allowing the evaluation of specific subsurface morphological structures that are useful in most cases to distinguish melanoma from other melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin tumours. In order to minimize the risk of missing melanoma, the diagnosis should be based on a good correspondence between the clinical and the dermoscopic findings. The case presented here refers to a melanoma clinically simulating dermatofibroma that was biopsied because dermoscopic examination revealed unusual features that did not confirm the clinical diagnosis.


A defining moment in the development of fusion power came in the 1950s when, flushed with the apparent success of early experiments, a respected researcher made the prediction that fusion power would be developed within 50 years. This statement has come back to haunt the programme 50 years later, as the energy source is still at least 50 years away from commercialisation. Public incredulity is understandable, but the delay is a direct result of the complex and specialised challenges to be faced in developing this potentially attractive and very long-term energy source. However, there is steady progress towards the goal.


The structure and nature of the inhibition is discussed. However, it is recognized that inhibition is important for the performance of children in formal and informal education during the pre-school and school stages. Therefore, intervention studies have been developed, aimed at knowing the plasticity of its functioning and influencing other skills in which it participates. Consequently, this work intends to carry out a systematic review of process-based inhibitory intervention studies in children with typical development. We analyze practical aspects related to the effectiveness of the intervention and theoretical aspects, explaining the model that sustains each intervention and its specific contributions related to the nature of the inhibition construct. It is a contribution insufficiently treated in the literature about inhibition, which is important given the discrepancies on the construct. The analysis tries to draw conclusions that could be considered in the design and evaluation of the effectiveness of future inhibitory training programs.


This paper describes a two-handed drawing tool on Enhanced Desk. Through the experiments, our tool showed better performance when drawing simple figures than traditional drawing tools. The subjects also reported that it was easier to learn the usage of the tool.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor device and a forming method thereof are provided to improve a property of a semiconductor device by decreasing the resistance of a semiconductor device. CONSTITUTION: The top and sidewall of an active area are protruded from the top of a device isolation layer(102). A silicide layer(124) is formed on the top and sidewall of the active area. An interlayer dielectric layer(126) is formed on the top of a device isolation layer. A gate line(114) is formed on the active area. A landing plug(128) is contacted with the silicide layer.


This paper deals with the analysis of the impact of different scheduling algorithms on flow level mean delay performance of elastic traffic in a single cell wireless downlink data channel paradigm. An enhanced size-based and channel-aware discipline is proposed, which is based on the sized-aware Gittins index approach applied to a time-varying channel context. In order to compare the proposed Opportunistic Gittins rule performance with well-known scheduling algorithms, several simulations have been performed for stochastically arriving flows with Pareto sizes under fading conditions, for different network loads and channel quality indicator reporting rates. As concluded, an approach that combines both flow size-awareness and channel-awareness is the best option, which guarantees a trade-off between minimizing uplink overhead due to channel quality reports and improving scheduling performance aimed at reducing overall flow mean delay.


The standard approach to estimating median voter expenditure equations has incorporated the specification of a congestion function, a(N), to convert the total output (Q) of a government provided good into individual consumption (qi). In their classic papers, Borcherding and Deacon [2] and Bergstrom and Goodman [1] adopted a simple form, a (N) = N-Y. Using this form, estimated values of y = 0 imply that the service in question is classified as a pure public good, while y = 1 implies a private good. This approach is attractive from an empirical standpoint because it allows the data to determine the degree of publicness of the local government output. The empirical findings of Borcherding and Deacon, Bergstrom and Goodman, and numerous later studies that used the median voter approach,' indicate that most local government services do not exhibit a significant degree of publicness.2 Recent studies have questioned whether estimates of publicness are sensitive to the particular specification of the congestion relationship [6; 9]. Researchers also have objected to the standard form because it holds the degree of publicness fixed, which implies a decreasing marginal rate of congestion [3; 6; 15]. Moreover, holding the degree of publicness fixed implies a single estimated value of y is sufficient to classify the publicness of the good. Critics of the standard approach argue that the degree of publicness should vary with population size. For instance, a local park may exhibit no congestion for small population sizes, but eventually become congested as population increases. Unfortunately, no clear guidelines for specifying the congestion function are available. Edwards suggested that flexible functional forms are to be preferred because they "let the data speak for themselves" [6, 92]. He also argued that the preferred form is one that fits the data best. Based on these criteria, he concluded that a flexible form, such as an exponential form, is su-


This study aims to analyze the implementation of SAK ETAP in the presentation of the cooperative's financial statements according to the Regulation of the Minister of KUKM RI No. 13/Per/M.KUKM/IX/2015 on the Cooperative of CU Bina Kasih P. Siantar. This study also aims to see the appearance of the financial statements presented by the CU Bina Kasih Cooperative P. Siantar. This study also aims to look at the presentation's forms of financial statements presented by the Cooperative of CU Bina Kasih P. Siantar. The data collection technique in this study was by observing the technique of presenting financial statements at the Cooperative of CU Bina Kasih, then conducting interviews with the Cooperative Management, and obtaining documentation sourced from the Annual Financial Reports of the CU Bina Kasih Cooperative. The results of the study show that: (1) The Cooperative of CU Bina Kasih has not presented financial statements based on SAK ETAP according to the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia KUKM No. 13/Per/M.KUKM/IX/2015, (2) The components of the financial statements presented by the CU Bina Kasih P.Siantar Kopdit are only in the form of a Balance Sheet and Calculation of Remaining Operating Results and an Explanation of the Balance Sheet, and (3) Presentation of assets, liabilities, equity, income, and expenses by CU Bina Kasih Cooperative have not been presented based on their characteristics.


Horrillo-Caraballo, J.M. and Reeve, D.E., 2011. Application of a statistical method to investigate patterns of beach evolution in the vicinity of a seawall. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), �� – ��. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 In this paper we describe the application of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to an historical dataset of seabed elevations within a coastal segment of the English south eastern coast. The study site is located along the fro nta ge of Walcott (Norfolk, East coast of England). The beaches along this segment of coast are mainly composite, mixed sand and shingle. The dataset comprises detailed bathymetric surveys of beach profiles covering a period of over 17 years (~ 2 beach profile surveys every year). The structure of the dataset and the data handling methods are described. The application of the CCA method is discussed as well as the ability of the CCA to provide useful forecast of the beach profile at Walcott. Some results and interpretation of the analysis are presented. Beach profiles predictions agreed well with the measured profiles for up to five years of forecast at the site. The level of error using CCA is proportionate with that found with dynamical modelling. It is expected that this relationship will be used by coastal planners to predict profile evolution based on waves and storm surges.


For the Founding Fathers, that balance emerged from the fundamental structure of constitutional government that they created. "Ambition must be made to counteract ambition," James Madison wrote in a powerful argument for the separation of powers. 2 At first glimpse, this might seem to contradict Ford's advice to avoid "a constant rivalry" over the conduct of America's war efforts. But, if the rivalry over control of war powers occurs not with the branches fighting over the right to use this or that particular power but rather involves the presidency and Congress wielding their own specific powers both in pursuit of a coherent policy as well as to prevent the other from becoming too strong, then Ford's vision can be merged with that of the Founders. While constant rivalry and competition between the branches may not be desirable, neither is a situation in which one branch exercises unchecked power. A sound theory of war powers should create a situation in which each branch uses its unique strengths and weaknesses not only to check the ambitions of the other but also to develop common solutions to the challenges that threaten the security of the nation. 3


In our report of a family with a motor and sensory polyneuropathy that was linked to chromosome 3q, we classified this neuropathy as a form of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy II (HMSN II, also known as {open_quotes}CMT2{close_quotes}). Doubts have been raised by Vance et al. as to whether this neuropathy should be classified as hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy I (HSAN I) instead of HMSN II. While it is reasonable to raise such doubts, we believe that the neuropathy is best designated as HMSN II for the reasons described below. The group of disorders described as HSAN are characterized by primary or predominant involvement of sensory and autonomic neurons that fail to develop or that undergo atrophy and degeneration. These disorders were extensively reviewed by Dyck and Ohta, who initially described them as the hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN). It was Dyck who subsequently suggested that these disorders be designated HSAN rather than HSN, because of the presence of autonomic involvement. 8 refs.


In the present day, culture is a term which due to its complex nature, raises many theoretical and methodological questions. It is being perceived as something described more in plural terms rather than as a whole and a universal pattern, despite the impact made on the debate by the globalisation discourse. Therefore, it is presently an object of study in many academic disciplines. However, the discipline, which shows the most significant interest in the scientific investigation of culture, is anthropology. This paper examines the key issues in the understanding of culture within anthropology and its relation to pedagogy. The latter issue is being raised in order to highlight a relatively new anthropological subdiscipline, i.e. anthropology of education as a research perspective which could deliver certain answers to the problem of cultural diversity, multiculturalism, and multicultural education.


A continuous sterilization process using ethylene oxide was studied in comparison with a classical method in order to evaluate gas retention as a function of time and temperature on polyethylene, PVC, and rubber materials.


The purpose of thisin vitro study was to assess the effect of 17 β-estradiol on hemorheologic parameters, namely on erythrocyte aggregation and deformability and membrane fluidity. Blood samples from 65 women (aged 57 ±4 years) undergoing postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy were obtained and were incubated for 5 min in absence and presence of 17 β-estradiol 10−5 M. The measured parameters were the erythrocyte aggregation (EAI) and deformability (EI), the acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), the plasma pH and osmolality and the erythrocyte membrane fluidity assessed by fluorescence polarization with two probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and (1-(4-(trimethylamino)-phenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). Data analysis was performed using t-Student and Pearson correlation analysis. A statistically significant decrease of the EAI (15 .8±3.02 vs 13.45±2.3; p < 0.001) and an increase of the EI (51 .39±5.64 vs 52.06± 5.36;p < 0.01) at shear stress of 30 Pa in presence of 17 β-estradiol 10−5 M was obtained. There was a decrease in membrane fluidity in 45 blood samples (DPH) and in the other 20 an increase, when β-estradiol 10−5 M was present. In vitro β-estradiol 10−5 M decreased erythrocyte aggregation in blood samples of postmenopausal women undergoing hormone therapy, which could prevent high blood viscosity and, consequently, cardiovascular events.


Space applications endorse the quest for dependable computing as a vital requirement instead of an expendable quality indicator. A novel direction in designing digital systems with superior dependability is based on bio-inspiration. As a key representative, the Embryonics project implements bio-inspired robustness, the backbone of its fault tolerance being a two level hierachical self-repair. However, the outer space radiation-hard environment is especially harsh to electronic devices, causing a variety of errors (soft fails). The memory structures employed by Embryonics cannot be protected by its self-repairing mechanism. Therefore we investigate the causes and influences of soft fails over the current Embryonics framework and propose a solution for the identified vulnerability based on error correcting codes. We also provide a reliability comparison between memory structures with and without error correcting codes.


The spread of Christianity among ethnic minorities of Yunnan accompanied the invasion of Southwest China by Western powers. In the process, Christianity clashed with the indigenous religions of these people, and challenged their modes of life, traditions, values and ways of thinking, so that the dissemination of Christianity in Yunnan showed different features from that in the central part of China.


A pot experiment was consummated on Rhaphiolepis umbellata seedlings grown under seran greenhouse at Al-Zohriya Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt during the two consecutive seasons 2017 and 2018, to study effects of five foliar spray treatments of a mixture containing three growth regulators (PGR), at the same concentration for each, on plant growth and chemical composition. The three-tested PGR were NAA, GA3 and BA, while the five concentrations for each were 0 (control treatment), 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Obtained results indicated that, generally, all recorded vegetative and root growth traits; i.e., plant height, stem diameter, numbers of branches and number of leaves/plant, leaf area, root length and number of roots/plant increased significantly under the effect of all tested PGR treatments, compared to the control plants. The highest increases in this regard were recorded in plants sprayed with PGR at 200 ppm, while the least values were found in the untreated control plants, followed by plants sprayed with the highest PGR concentration of 400 ppm for the two seasons. The same trend was noticed in respect of leaf chemical constituents, as plants that recorded the highest vegetative and root growth (treated 200 ppm PGR) also contained the highest values of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (mg/g f.w.) as well as percentages oftotal carbohydrate, N, P and K in leaf tissues. Accordingly, it could be recommended to apply the mixture of these three growth regulators 200 ppm on seedlings of Rhaphiolepis umbellata, two times monthly during the growing season to get the best plant growth and quality.


We report the major growth pathways of GaN metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxial growth from a TMGa/NH3/H2 system studied by computational simulation. It has been found that the most major growth pathway is stepwise elimination of CH4 from TMGa:NH3 adducts (TMGa:NH3 → DMGaNH2 → MMGaNH → Ga–N → Growth), and the second major growth pathway is due to GaNH2 molecules sublimated from GaN layer. [Ga–N]n was generated by polymerization of Ga–N molecules around the susceptor heated. GaN layer was deposited on not only the substrate but also the heated reactor walls. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective To establish the method of depict ing the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loop automatically by computer which incorporates LV catherization simultaneous with LV acoustic quantification echocardiography and to assess echocardiography non-invasive evaluation LV chamber stiffness. Methods Thirteen patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) underwent LV catherization simultaneously with echocardiography. LV pressure and volume curves were sent to computer, and LV pressure-volume loop was depicted automatically and modulus of LV chamber stiffness (Kc) was obtained. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography of mitral intraventricular flows was obtained in patients with HCM. Results Patients with HCM had significantly higher Kc obtained from LV pressure-volume loop ( 0.43 ± 0.11 vs 0.27 ). R-E 3/R-E 0, (R-E 2)-(R-E 1), (R-A 3)-(R-A 2) were correlated to Kc(r= 0.61 , 0.57 , 0.58 ,respectively). Conclusions This method provides a simple and reliable technique for automatically tracing pressure-volume loop and should facilitate further investigation of the left ventricular diastolic function in clinical practice. R-E 3/ R-E 0, (R-E 2)-(R-E 1), (R-A 3)-(R-A 2) offer new non-invasive indices in evaluating LV chamber stiffness.


Forgiveness is mostly seen as a virtuous human response to wrongful conduct. But what happens when there is no acknowledgement of wrongdoing on the part of the wrongdoer? Does the forgiveness of the unrepentant still count as forgiveness? The Fourteenth Dalai Lama, for instance, is a figure who highly promotes the value of forgiveness. His homeland has been occupied by China since 1950, yet he maintains that he forgives and feels no enmity towards the Chinese government. The Chinese authorities, for their part, have never admitted to wrongful invasion of the 'roof of the world', hence there has been no acceptance of the Dalai Lama's forgiveness. Can the Dalai Lama's forgiving under these circumstances, however, still be seen as forgiveness? In the present contribution, I shed light on the Buddhist view on forgiveness in the hope of inspiring ideas that might contribute to the pursuit of peace. Firstly, I explore certain matters surrounding the general idea of forgiveness and subsequently introduce Buddhist perspectives. Secondly, I respond to the key question of this paper by highlighting the Dalai Lama's views as a means to elaborate on the Buddhist stance. I conclude by comparing Buddhist points of view with some contemporary philosophical perspectives and illustrating some distinguishing features of the Buddhist notion of forgiveness. From the above, I endeavour to establish that the Buddhist take on forgiveness is ultimately unconditional.1


The host–virus interactions leading to cell infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not fully understood. The tetraspanin CD‐81 and human scavenger receptor SR‐BI/Cla1 are major receptors mediating virus cell entry. However, HCV in patients' sera is associated with lipoproteins and infectious potential of the virus depends on lipoproteins associated to virus particles. We show here that lipoprotein lipase (LPL), targeting triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRL) to the liver, mediates binding and internalization of HCV to different types of cells, acting as a bridge between virus‐associated lipoproteins and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). The dimeric structure and catalytic activity of LPL are required for LPL‐mediated HCV uptake to cells. Unexpectedly, exogenous LPL significantly inhibits HCVcc infection in vitro. This effect is prevented by anti‐LPL antibodies and by tetrahydrolipstatin (THL) a specific inhibitor of LPL enzymatic activity. In addition, we show that antibodies directed to apolipoprotein B (ApoB)‐containing lipoproteins efficiently inhibits HCVcc infection. Our findings suggest that LPL mediates HCV cell entry by a mechanism similar to hepatic clearance of TRL from the circulation, promoting a non‐productive virus uptake. These data provide new insight into mechanisms of HCV cell entry and suggest that LPL could modulate HCV infectivity in vivo.


The Rb87 spin-lattice relaxation time T1 and spin-spin relaxation time T2 of RbCdCl3 and Rb4CdCl6 single crystals grown by the slow evaporation method were measured over the temperature range of 160–410K. In the case of the RbCdCl3 crystal, changes were observed in the Rb87 T1−1 near 340, 363, and 395K, which correspond to phase transitions. The abrupt decrease in T1−1 observed at 395K is due to a shortening in the c direction as a result of a phase transition from a tetragonal to a cubic structure. We suggest that the cubic Rb environment is favored above 395K, which causes relaxation and averages out the quadrupolar splittings. On the other hand, the Rb87 T1 in Rb4CdCl6 decreased with increasing temperature, and no phase transitions were observed in the temperature range considered. For both RbCdCl3 and Rb4CdCl6, the relaxation rate of Rb was found to be proportional to the square of the temperature, indicating that the relaxation proceeds via a Raman process. This behavior for the electric-quadrupolar-...


A single electron transistor that operates at room temperature has been fabricated from single-walled carbon nanotubes by using a mask technique. The quantum dot with a length of ∼10 nm was created within an individual thin nanotube bundle via local chemical modification. Conductance oscillations as a function of gate voltage as well as differential conductance peaks versus bias voltage were observed up to room temperature. The series of conductance peaks is explained by the contribution of discrete energy levels within the modified nanotube segment. Assuming similar capacitive couplings to the source and drain electrode, the level separation is estimated to be ΔE ∼ 38 meV.


Group conflicts in the countryside are the manifestations of farmers' group resistance when various contradictions among the people resulted from issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers become more acute.In the period of social transform group conflicts are the expressions of farmers' group interests as well as a mode of self-relief caused by the extreme form of right claim.To effectively prevent and treat group conflicts is the only way to accelerate the social harmony and stability.To reach such a goal,many measures should be taken such as adjusting relevant policies,improving concerning systems,safeguarding farmers' group interests.Group conflicts in the countryside will unavoidably have bad effects on the social order.If not properly handled,they will evolve into social management crisis.Therefore,the government and concerned authorities must bring group conflicts into the management system of public crisis so as to prevent them carefully and handle them correctly.


Credit made available to rural beneficiaries serves as means of acquiring asset and arranging resources needed for developing proposed economic activities. Co-operative borrowers have been dispensing credit for rural development activities largely through borrowed funds raised either from their depositors or higher fmancing agencies. Therefore the banks to be in a position to meet their commitments must recycle funds after productive use by the beneficiaries. In the process, the credit for developmental activities should generate larger surplus to the user and also lead to accelerating the pace of recycling of funds. Thus, both productive use of bank credit by beneficiaries and efficient recycling of funds through prompt recoveries by co-operative banks are equally important for achieving accelerated development.


Understanding the mechanism of salinity tolerance in any crop plant is a prerequisite to crop development with regards to this trait. However, analogous to agronomic breeding for yield, salt tolerance breeding in grapevines is hampered by the complex nature of the plant response to a soil solution containing a high concentration of salt (reviewed in M. Ashraf and P.J.C. Harris, eds., 2005, Abiotic Stresses, Haworth Press). Salt tolerance is generally regarded as a multigenic trait (T.J. Flowers, 2004, Journal of Experimental Botany 55:307-319) and may be exhibited in at least five distinct control points within a plant (R. Munns et al., 2002, Plant and Soil 247: 93-105). But the importance of understanding and improving salinity tolerance in crop plants overshadows the difficulties involved; in California, an estimated 4.5 million acres of agricultural land contains saline soil, including major grape-growing regions.


In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for joint subchannel assignment and power allocation in the uplink of cognitive femtocell network (CFN). In the studied model, femtocell base stations (FBSs) are deployed to serve a set of femtocell user equipments (FUEs) by reusing subchannels in a macrocell network. The problem of optimal allocation of subchannels and transmit power is formulated as an optimization problem in which the goal is to maximize the overall uplink throughput while guaranteeing minimum rate requirement of the served FUEs and macrocell base station (MBS) protection. To solve this problem, a novel framework based on matching theory is proposed to model and analyze the competitive behaviors among the FUEs and FBSs. Using this framework, distributed algorithms are implemented to enable the CFN to make decisions on subchannel allocation and power control. The developed algorithms are then shown to converge to stable matchings. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields a notable performance improvement, in terms of the overall network throughput and outage probability while requiring only a small number of iterations for convergence.


ABSTRACT After 1999, democratization, normalization and Europeanization were the key processes through which Kosovo's final political status was expected to take shape. All three processes, however, were guided by the stability paradigm. Though Kosovo cannot be categorized as a typical authoritarian state, its political leaders have openly displayed illiberal tendencies, governing in an unaccountable manner and utilizing public assets for their private gain. In the period from 1999 to 2008, while UNMIK's approach was based on maintaining stability instead of democratization, a soft competitive authoritarianism began to emerge incrementally. In its first decade of independence, Kosovo's statehood remained internationally disputed, whereas its governance culture was characterized by a lack of internal accountability, which is a key component of the soft competitive authoritarianism in the country. Thus, the negative trajectory of political developments did not change even after the deployment of EULEX and the 2008 declaration of independence. This article analyses the development of authoritarian and illiberal tendencies in Kosovo and suggests that the democratization and Europeanization discourses served to conceal soft competitive authoritarian practices in Kosovo.


Polycrystalline silicon films with various thickness on SiO2 with seeding windows were recrystallised at high scan speeds using RF-induced graphite strip heating. It has been found that the laterally seeded epitaxial widths of defect-free silicon films on SiO2 are 40 and 53 �m for film thicknesses of 350 and 500 nm, respectively. For a 1100 nm-thick silicon film, the epitaxy width reaches 100�m. The scan direction of the strip heater was perpendicular to seeding windows in the experiments.


Consumer education claims center stage in the high school curriculum today as a means of arming ourselves with the only effective weapon against exploitation— information.


Abstract Spanish has unique phonological, lexical and grammatical features and a unique literacy system; these characteristics may influence the specific way acquired disorders in written language manifest themselves. The purpose of this article is to firstly review the specific characteristics of Spanish and subsequently analyse alterations in cases of alexia. A review of reading models is presented as well. It is concluded that a direct application of reading models developed for other languages that have noticeably irregular writing systems does not seem appropriate to interpret Spanish errors after brain damage.


In this work, we consider the problem of distributed consensus when some agents in the network are faulty and communication among agents happen over a random sequence of time-varying graphs. Agents iteratively communicate with their neighbors to achieve the consensus. We extend the network robustness condition presented in existing works on static (or time-varying but not random) graphs to the situation when communication graphs are derived from some probability distribution thus essentially random. We show that if the sequence of random graphs is uniformly stochastically robust, then the consensus can be achieved almost surely by all non-faulty agents.


We report markedly different transport properties of ABA- and ABC-stacked trilayer graphenes. Our experiments in double-gated trilayer devices provide evidence that a perpendicular electric field opens an energy gap in the ABC trilayer, while it causes the increase of a band overlap in the ABA trilayer. In a perpendicular magnetic field, the ABA trilayer develops quantum Hall plateaus at filling factors of $\ensuremath{\nu}=2,4,6,...$ with a step of $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=2$, whereas the inversion-symmetric ABC trilayer exhibits plateaus at $\ensuremath{\nu}=6$ and 10 with fourfold spin and valley degeneracy.


The PRISMA project is a technical demonstration mission for formation flying and rendezvous in
space. The mission can be considered as an in-obit test-bed where different experiments
involving Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) algorithms, sensors and actuators can be
tested. The project is also a demonstration mission for two novel propulsion technologies. The
project consists of two satellites, of which one is manoeuvring relative to the other, using
different sensors and algorithms.
The project is run by Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) with important contributions from the
German Aerospace Center (DLR), the French Space Agency (CNES) and the Technical
University of Denmark (DTU). The project started in beginning of 2005. The satellites are now
basically on the launch pad, scheduled for launch on June 15, 2010 from the Russian site Yasny.
The ground segment, consisting of a Mission and Operations Control Centre in Solna, Sweden,
has been established and is ready for launch.


We determined the monthly and annual riverine freshwater, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading into the North Sea from Belgium, The Netherlands, and Germany for the years 1977-2000. An average of 133 km3 yr-' of the 309 km3 yr- 'precipitation into the watershed is carried by the rivers into the sea. Total freshwater discharge fluctuates with a strong 6- 7 yr periodicity, is strongly correlated with precipitation, and exhibits a slight long-term decrease. The temporal changes of regional patterns of precipitation lead to changing ratios of annual discharge of the western rivers compared to the eastern rivers, varying between 2.2 and 3.5. The long-term oscillations in discharge were more pronounced as discharge increased. The annual means of total and dissolved inorganic N and P loads were estimated to be 722 and 582 kt N yr-' and 48 and 26 kt P yr-', respectively. The monthly N loads were much more strongly correlated with discharge, compared to the monthly P loads. Total N and P as well as dissolved inorganic N also demonstrated a 6-7 yr periodicity. The annual N loads decreased by about 17 kt N yr-' from 1977 to 2000. The total phosphorus and phosphate loads decreased from about 80 and 50 kt P yr-' in the 1980s to 25 and 12 kt P yr-', respectively, in the 1990s. The western rivers contributed the major part of the nutrient loads. The long-term oscillations in their nutrient loads were much more pronounced, compared to the eastern rivers. The area-specific loading rates estimated for all rivers are comparable to earlier estimates using shorter data records, smaller sample sizes, and a less complete watershed monitoring program. The monthly and annual average N:P ratios and their variability increased considerably for individual rivers during the study interval. These results confirm that the water quality of European continental rivers is strongly influenced by intense land use. They demonstrate the necessity for using long time series monitoring results to assess change and evaluate the effects of climate change on the North Sea coastal ecosystems, using ecosystem models on decadal time scales.


Compare and swap to perform vector operations by: decoding a single instruction by the decoder processing apparatus, the single instruction specifies a vector of a plurality of data storage elements between a first position, a second position and a third memory storage location Comparative and switching operation; single issuing instructions for the execution unit executes processing apparatus; in response to the execution of a single instruction, corresponding data elements from a first storage location and the second storage location are compared; and in response to determining there is a match, replacing data elements from a first storage location with the corresponding data element from the third storage location.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparation of composition for chewing gum including aqueous sorbitol and method of its production. The chewing gum is prepared from composition including solution of aqueous sorbitol syrup, mannitol and glycerine. The syrup of sorbitol, mannitol and glycerine may be used in various compositions with larger content of liquid sorbitol solution. In such compositions expensive crystal sorbitol is exchanged for the syrup. EFFECT: broadened assortment of chewing gums. 15 cl, 2 tbl, 16 ex


ABSTRACT The use of modern routine marketing strategies to minimize risk exposure is not a widely adopted practice among grain producers. The producers tend to use high risk strategies which include the selling of the crop on the cash market after harvest; while the high market risks require innovative strategies including the use of futures and options as traded on South African Futures Exchange (SAFEX). This is mostly due to a lack of interest and knowledge of the market. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the adoption of basic routine strategies is better than adopting no strategy at all. The study illustrates that by using a Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) that the use of three basic strategies for each crop type, namely, a Put (plant time)-, (Three-segment-), (Critical Moment in production/marketing process) and Sell after pollination can be more rewarding. These strategies can be adopted by farmers without an in-depth understanding of the market and market signals. The results obtained from the study illustrate that each strategy is different for each crop. It also indicates that no strategy is worse than a specific strategy and that the choice between strategies depends on the risk aversion level of the producer. It is imperative to note that the use of hedging strategies is better than no strategy at all.


In this study, the performance of two generations of two stroke marine diesel engines namely, conventional and improved engines in terms of energy consumption and environmental concerns was investigated. The engines are operating in National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC). The comparison was made for different operating conditions and in various NITC supertankers, which were equipped with RTA type engine as the conventional type and RT-flex engine as the improved type (i.e. camshaft less). The data collection was performed based on daily fuel consumption and the rated fuel consumption was determined. The study showed that the rated fuel consumption of improved engines has been improved in comparison to conventional type and it is about 700 ton per month. Therefore, significant reduction in air pollution, which is about 38 tons of 2 CO per month, was achieved.


At the end of her 'Times, Beginnings and Causes', Anscombe argues that it is not conceivable that there be a beginning of existence without a cause. She explains that she does not mean that the supposition of a thing coming into existence uncaused involves a contradiction, but that we could not ever be in a position seriously to judge that a thing had come into existence unless we knew the cause of its coming into existence. Without knowledge of the cause, if, for example, I were watching a place, and saw the thing just appear there, we would be entitled to no more than that either it had come into existence then and there, or it had popped up from somewhere else. Of course, it could not have travelled to the place where I saw it appear, since if it had I would have been able to observe it travelling there. It would have to have arrived from elsewhere without traversing a path from there to here, simply by being first there, then here. You might call this an odd happening to suppose; but equally you might call it an odd happening for an object to spring into existence without a cause. And so it is only if we can indicate a possible cause of the coming into existence here of an object of the sort in question, and are prepared to say that it brought this object into existence, that we are in a position seriously to judge that the object came into existence here.


AIM:To investigate the expression of hK11 in primary breast cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance in clinicopathological status of patients with primary breast cancer.METHODS:Eighty-six patients with primary breast cancer were examined for hK11 protein expression by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The positive rate of hK11 was respectively 76%(65/86)in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and 19%(16/86)in the adjacent non-malignant tissues,with a significant difference(P0.01).The expression of hK11 was positively correlated with the TNM stage of the breast cancer(P0.01),the percentage of involved lymph nodes(P0.05)and HER-2(P0.05).No significant correlation was found between the expression of hK11 and the age,the tumor size,ER,PR and menopause.CONCLUSION:The expression of hK11 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary breast cancer.


This article has set forth a strategy to increase family/staff cooperation in the care of persons institutionalized with AD. The FIC program was developed as an outgrowth of research that demonstrated family member dissatisfaction with their roles. It is specifically designed to provide a partnership role with staff for families whose relatives with AD are institutionalized. Hypothesized outcomes include the reduction of stress in caregiving, increased satisfaction in role and improved patient cognitive and functional outcomes. Testing of the FIC is currently underway.


Most of the genetic breeding programmes in dairy sheep are focused on increasing milk and milk composition. However, due to the general changes in the objectives of livestock, these programmes are more and more focused on other traits, especially milk composition traits, udder morphology and somatic cell count. The use of molecular technologies is still very limited according to the results obtained. Their future interest and applicability for the implementation of breeding programmes will depend on the improvements achieved and their technical and economic cost. Their future will be more as a complement (and specially for traits that are not selection criteria) rather than as an alternative to classical genetic evaluation.


Keeping an open mind is the core principle of the 'differential diagnosis' in clinical case assessment and several of our authors stress the importance of not rushing in to make a specific diagnosis, but rather to take a wide view of the clinical signs presented and to ask many questions of the clients; after all they live with the animals presented to us and facts that seem unimportant to them, will often hold the key to successful case management and ensuring patient wellbeing. Hilary Orpet makes the point.


The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the pedagogical competencies of teachers and the ability to manage classes in play groups in Oebobo Subdistrict. This study used a quantitative approach with a population of 84 teachers in a playing group in Oebobo Subdistrict which was divided based on the last level of education and sample withdrawal was carried out using disproportionate stratified random sampling with a sample of 42 teachers. Data taken using questionnaires and statistic techniques used to test hypotheses are correlation pearson product moment. The results showed that there is a very strong and positive relationship between pedagogic competence and class management ability in the playing group in Oebobo Subdistrict.


Many modern structural control devices for earthquake engineering applications are essentially passive devices with adaptive parameters. Semiactive and regenerative forcing systems are two examples. In order to achieve performance superior to time-invariant passive systems, these devices must be controlled in the nonlinear regime, and consequently it is nontrivial to develop feedback controllers which adhere to analytically-computable measures of closed-loop performance. In the context of stationary random vibration, current state-of-the-art control design methods do not guarantee to simultaneously keep the variances of a set of important structural response quantities below desired thresholds. In this paper, a generalized control design approach is presented which guarantees bounds on the variances of multiple response quantities. The method is illustrated through simulation of a six-story, base isolated structure, with two control devices. Both semiactive and regenerative designs are considered in this example.


We derive the Weyl anomaly in two dimensional space-time by considering the Dirac sea regularized by some negatively counted formally bosonic extra species. In fact we calculate the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the Dirac sea in a background gravitational field. It has to be regularized, since otherwise the Dirac sea is bottomless and thus causes divergence. The new regularization method consists in adding various massive species some of which are to be counted negative in the Dirac sea. The mass terms in the Lagrangian of the regularization fields have a dependence on the background gravitational field.


Diarrheal disease or gastroenteritis is a main cause of morbidity and mortality among preschool children in the developing world. Poor socioeconomic conditions illiteracy poor sanitation and drainage and contaminated water supplies are factors in the prevalence of diarrhea and malnutrition. The overall incidence of gastroenteritis in developing countries is estimated at 50-70% per 100 population per year. A peak during summer months is typical and various studies show a higher frequency for males than females. Most studies report a peak age incidence between 6 months and 1 year. The rates of isolation of pathogens are influenced by the type and time of study its location and objectives and the health and educational status of the area. Malnutrition which increases susceptibility to infection through lowered antibody production is frequently associated with diarrhea. Breast feeding of infants is important because of its protective value against respiratory gastrointestinal and allergic disorders as well as for its direct nutritional value. Controlled studies in Indonesia Puerto Rico Pakistan and the Philippines have all shown a major reduction in the mortality rate from diarrhea with introduction of oral rehydration therapy. Most gastrointestinal disorders of the developing world require primary health care and basic nursing. Improvement of water supplies sanitation health care facilities and promotion of breast feeding are long term needs.


In this article, we analyze the indexation of federal taxes, using an approach based on cost-of-living measurement. We use our Tax and Price Index methodology and data base to study an indexed system historically, comparing indexation with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to actual tax policy, a tax system with constant parameters, and an "exact" indexing scheme. We reach three main conclusions: (1) the sequence of tax reductions implemented between 1967 and 1985 have fallen short of mimicking indexation, (2) wealthier households would have benefited relatively more than lower-income households from indexation, and (3) CPI indexation would not have completely eliminated bracket creep.


The use of uni‐materials can reduce the total waste generation by a high recycling rate. This study assesses the public's willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for the uni‐material beverage container (UBC) in Korea using a specific case of bottled mineral water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For this purpose, a contingent valuation (CV) survey of 1000 consumers was conducted to derive the additional WTP for the mineral water in UBC instead of that in non‐UBC. Given that the average price of the mineral water (500 mL) in non‐UBC was KRW 1000 (USD 0.88), the mean additional WTP a premium for that in UBC was estimated to be KRW 107 (USD 0.09). This value amounts to 10.7% of price of the mineral water in non‐UBC and can be interpreted as the public value of the UBC. The consumers in Korea are ready to pay a significant premium for UBCs.


As a result of the integrated approach the multilevel control system of physical education of university students is designed. The entire process of management of physical education is presented as a system of interrelated and mutually complementary system blocks. Each unit has its own tasks and steps of implementation included in the modules. Each module also meets its training objectives, a complete solution of which enables the transition to the next module, and their relationship to solve common problems of the block. To activate the motives for the educational and professional activities of the students, we used the module-rating system of training and supervision. Besides, the structure of the multilevel system assumes the relationship of blocks at four levels of physical education. This system provides: strengthening of the educational aspect of the content of educational material aimed at the formation of the students value orientations on maintaining a healthy lifestyle by using the physical culture and sports; taking into account the relationship of the regional features of freshmen physical fitness and the level of environmental pollution; rational organization of their independent work in a semester, regular monitoring of the work of students in physical education, creation of the conditions for the consistent formation of the individual style of the professional activity.


In this study, low-rank lignite coal sample collected from Lenger coal deposit (Turkestan province) in Kazakhstan was subjected to desulfurization by using three bacterial strains isolated from soil with silt and coal itself. The molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolated bacteria were Atlantibacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. denoted as S1, S2, and T1, respectively. Pseudomonas sp. showed the best result in removing organic sulfur (93%) and total sulfur (52%), while Bacillus sp. was effective in removing pyritic sulfur (19%) compared to other strains. However, Atlantibacter sp. had no significant influence on sulfur content after treatment, thereby reducing its chances to be used in decreasing sulfur content in lignite in future investigations. Additionally, this research would be valuable to develop an innovative biotechnological method for producing an environmentally friendly briquetted smokeless fuel from lignite.


REFORM By now it is clear to everyone— economists , lawmakers, health professionals, and the public—that healthcare reform is an urgent need, a national emergency that requires immediate and focused attention. Costs continue to spiral out of control, large numbers of Americans are uninsured (medical bills are a leading cause of bankruptcy), and the aging of the so-called baby boomer generation threatens to burden Medicare beyond its capacity. The United States spends over $2 trillion annually on healthcare, yet some key national health indicators lag significantly behind other developed nations (eg, infant mortality rates in the United States rank 23rd globally, on par with Po-land and Slovakia). As a percentage of gross domestic product, healthcare spending exceeds 16% and is projected to reach 17.7% by 2012. 2 Clearly, our healthcare system is unsustainable both in terms of its financial and human costs. However, despite a nearly unanimous call for reform, there remains a lack of consensus about what form the changes should take, and different stake-holders have put forth a variety of approaches. At this stage, one of the most important questions we can ask is, " What is driving healthcare costs? " It is reasonable to assume that if we can identify the underlying problem, we will increase our chances of arriving at an effective solution. Like most commodities, healthcare is subject to the rule of supply and demand. Right now, we have a high demand for healthcare procedures characterized by sophisticated and expensive medical technology. The evidence suggests that advances in medical technology are the single biggest factor driving up healthcare costs over the last 50 years or so, eclipsing all the other factors such as aging population , costs of health insurance, rising incomes , defensive medicine, administrative costs, lower productivity, end-of-life care, and the like. 2 However, since advances in medical technology have also tended to produce better health outcomes for certain conditions, 3 we do not want to thwart technological progress. The problem is that the nation, regardless of who pays for healthcare, can no longer afford to keep supplying the ever-increasing demand. One solution is to put limits on the sup-ply—to engage in healthcare rationing. There are many serious objections to this approach, chief among them the moral issue of denying potentially life-saving procedures to human beings. Fortunately, there is another more humane and sensible solution: reducing the demand by leverag-ing preventive medicine. " …


The presence of depression in school-age children may not be adequately recognized by teachers. Teachers may be misdiagnosing depressed children as having a specific learning problem. The incidence of depression in 282 children admitted to a child and family psychiatric unit for a variety of emotional/behavioral disorders was investigated. While depression was seen as a major factor in the poor learning of the identified depressed children, very few of these children were seen as having specific learning disabilities, even though some of them previously had been diagnosed as learning disabled. Recognition and appropriate treatment of childhood depression by involved professionals is important.


A two-factor theory is proposed to explain individual differences in intervention outcomes for children with speech delays. Indices of Capability include linguistic measures of a child's comprehens...


An important tool to quantify the likeness of two probability measures are f-divergences, which have seen widespread application in statistics and information theory. An example is the total variation, which plays an exceptional role among the f-divergences. It is shown that every f-divergence is bounded from below by a monotonous function of the total variation. Under appropriate regularity conditions, this function is shown to be monotonous.
Remark: The proof of the main proposition is relatively easy, whence it is highly likely that the result is known. The author would be very grateful for any information regarding references or related work.


with a Fist, his newly acquired wife, are about to take their poignant departure. Novice film critics, we scribble scarcely legible notes about the musical crescendo and heavenly light that mark this pivotal return of the book from a Native American boy to a white man, noting how the white man's gratitude is mirrored and magnified in a close-up image of his wife's beatified expression. All three-white woman, native boy, and white man-seem gratified by the restoration of this white man's words.


Judgment in the long-awaited SJC10 case was handed down on 24 January 2018. This case marks a victory for the collective bane on civil society – that of the criminalisation of a convener of a protest for the failure to provide notice. It goes a long way to opening the space for more serious engagement on the legitimacy of the Regulation of Gatherings Act 1993 and its possible reformulation to give effect to section 17 of the Constitution – the right to peaceful and unarmed assembly. This appeal to the high court was brought by the SJC on very limited grounds, focusing only on the requirement to provide notice – a strategy that has paid off, as the contested section of the Regulation of Gatherings Act was declared unconstitutional. This case note dissects some of the key arguments raised by the SJC and by the state, and analyses the court's reasoning in reaching this finding.


Canada's H2O Innovation Inc has recently received two large coupling orders and reports that it is starting to make an inroad into the Israeli desalination market.


ABSTRACTIn general, design of Cata111ara11 passe11ger boats have been mostly made of FRP or aluminum materials. Tl1e sclectio11 of FRP or Aluminum material has an influence on the value of the lioats main di111msio11s, especially relating to the draft, speed, power, passenger capacity and displacement. HaPi11g m1alyzcd tile 111ain dimensions of both FRP and aluminum boats for the same passenger capaci~/ by using parametric ratio and regression analysis, It has been found that the majorihJ of boat main dimension values of FRP Catamaran is larger, among others,are 49 % for the lengtll (L), 0.34% for the breadth (B), 47% for the high (D), 62% for the speed (V), and 74% for tile engine power (HP). However, the other dimensions of FRP Catamaran namely the draft (T) and the displacement are 0.86% and 34%smaller respectively. For thesame value of length for both types of boats, the result of statistical analysis stated that most of tile major dimension of Aluminiun1 Catamaran boats appears to be larger, among others, are about 48% for tile breadth  B), 1 % for the high (D), 50% for the draft (f), 130% for th Displacement (weight of the ship), 20% for HP (engine power) and 48% for passenger capacity. Hmvever, speed (V) and engine power (HP) of FRP Catamaran boats are 33% and 20% higher respectively.Key Words:. Comparison, main dimensions, passenger Catamaran, FRP, Aluminum


The Internet of Things is one of the new trends that has been drawing attention due to its rapid dissemination and acceptance. However, not knowing whether personal data and information are secure can hamper a more widespread acceptance of this technology by users. In this context, the security of one of the main components of the IoT system, the gateway, becomes even more relevant, as it is essential in connecting heterogeneous IoT devices. The IoT gateway ends up centralizing communication and system management, thus becoming a high-value target in terms of security. To improve confidentiality, IoT gateways should use cryptographic services implemented with appropriate configurations based on organizations or technical standards accepted by the scientific community. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the security level of IoT gateways considering encryption requirements. For this, a subset of encryption requirements suggested by international technical organizations, such as IoTSF and OWASP, is selected. This evaluation was carried out in the security assessment of four IoT gateways considering cryptographic requirements. None of the gateways achieved more than 80% compliance with the selected requirements, which raises concerns regarding the security of their users' data.


The entire replicase gene of CMV subgroup 1 strain Fny was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products with length of 2.5 kb were digested with Nco I and Bsp HI, and three fragments were obtained. The two fragments which didn't encode GDD motif were ligated and amplified by PCR. The resulting 2.2 kb deleted replicase gene was cloned into pGEM T Easy Vector. The sequence analysis of the gene confirmed that GDD encoding region was deleted. The deletion of the GDD encoding region didn't cause frame shifting of the replicase open reading frame. The GDD deleted replicase gene was cloned into plant expression vector pBI121, and then transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens . PCR and digestion confirmed that the deleted replicase gene were transferred into A. tumefaciens .


For masses larger than 2 % + MT, narrow peaks in two proton invariant (missing) masses spectra : M (M ) are now well established. The existence of such PP x narrow peaks is not so unquestionable below 2 $ + Mr. Tensor analyzing power T20 + of the invariant mass M has been studied using the p(d,pp)~ reaction. Depending PP on the assumption done for background substraction -a hble or an oscillation mayappear at M = 1941 MeV. Additional data are under analysis and will improve the statistics. PP It is well known that narrow structures have been obsenred in two nucleon invariant masses, or missing mass experiments/l/. These structures have been tentatively attributed to isovector dibaryons although no proof has been advanced to associate them with quark degrees of freedom. This assumption relies only on the fact that such structures are not present in classical nuclear physics using meson exchanges and nucleon or delta degrees of freedom. The experimental certainty depends mainly on the quantum numbers and the mass of studied dibaryons. Up to now, none has been observed in T = 0/2/ or T = 2/31 isospin states. In case of T = 1 isospin, for the range of masses larger than 2 $ + M* (M > 2.016 GeV) there is a good agreement for narrow peaks between results obtained at Saturnel41 : measurement of d2a/dQdMx for 38e(p,d)~ reaction, and Lanpf/5/ where Ay was measured. These data correspond to the second generation of experiments, since they have used electronical detectors. ('1 Present address : Ben Gourion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653 84105Beer Sheva, Israel. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990631 C6-372 COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE Below 2.016 GeV, many structures have been presented, corresponding usually -but not alwaysto the first generation of experiments studying bubble chamber pictures. Here the masses of experimentally observed structures do not concentrate around a few values, but are more or less distributed from 2 % to 2 % + M?/1/. The necessity of a precise second generation experiment close to the two nucleon mass appears then naturally. 3 Such an experiment has been carried out at SATURNE with the p(d,pp)X reaction. Tensor polarized deuteron beam of 1.722 GeV has been used and the two protons detected at 0" using the SPES3 facility. The properties of the spectrometer : pmax/pmin z 2.5, and As2 = sr allow the study of the following two proton invariant mass range : 2 % < M < 1.963 GeV, PP the counting rate decreasing regularly from small to larger masses M . This result is mainPP ly due to pp FSI giving rise to a narrow maximum a few MeV above 2 M . Due to the granulaP rity of the detection, when two trajectories intercept a same scintillator of one among the two major trigger detection plans or give rise to two mixing tracks on the focal pla~e, the event is lost. This produces a loss of efficiency in the first three MeV of the spectra.This explains that our FSI is located around 1880.7 MeV, that is ?. 3 MeV higher than the peak maximum from low energy experiments. The detection has been described elsewhere/3/. The empty target accounts for about 5 % of the counting rate. The FWHM of the experimental wcdth for M is 1.2 MeV. The data have been therefore binned into 2 MeV intervals. The M hisPP PP togram presented in Fig. 1 is quite continuous, without any discontinuity having a number of standard deviations (S .D .) larger than 2.2. id = 1.722 GeV epp =0° 0.2 188


To investigate the strengthening effect of shot peening on TA15 titanium alloy,examination of fatigue life and surface roughness with handheld roughness instrument and hydraulic servo fatigue test machine was carried out after shot peening process.The results showed that the fatigue life is improved by shot peening,and the material gets best fatigue property under the condition of pill S280 and intensity 0.15mA~0.2mmA.The relationship between the surface roughness and fatigue life indicates that better roughness corresponded to higher fatigue life,which means the surface roughness is one of the effecting factors for TA15 fatigue life.The results provide directory to the technical design of shot peening process of TA15 titanium alloy.


Motile cilia are whiplike projections that generate hydrodynamic force. Cilia-generated fluid flow is required for symmetry breaking during embryogenesis, mucus clearance, cerebrospinal fluid flow, and the directed movement of unicellular organisms (Marshall and Kintner, 2008). One cycle of ciliary beating constitutes a power stroke and a subsequent recovery stroke. Thus, ciliary beating is directional, and to produce coherent fluid flow, multiple cilia must orient their beating along a common plane, which is typically the cell's anterior–posterior axis. The importance of proper cilia orientation is underscored by the observation that cilia orientation defects accompany primary cilia dyskinesias, a devastating class of genetic disorders (Rayner et al., 1996). Cilia are organized by cylindrical microtubule scaffolds called basal bodies (BBs) that dock at the cell cortex (Jana et al., 2014). BBs are innately asymmetric and their polarity is reflected in the attachment of auxiliary structures, including striated fibers (Allen, 1969; Pearson, 2014). Thus, BBs have a specific orientation that determines the direction of ciliary beating (Tamm et al., 1975; Gibbons, 1981; Hoops et al., 1984). BBs with improper orientation relative to the cellular anterior–posterior axis will disrupt cilia-generated fluid flow. The mechanisms that organize and maintain BB orientation remain ill-defined. Striated fibers project asymmetrically from BBs and influence BB positioning by an unknown mechanism (Allen, 1967; Wright et al., 1983; Hoops et al., 1984). SF-assemblin and rootletin are coiled-coil proteins that self-organize into filamentous fiber structures and constitute major structural components of striated fibers in protists and vertebrates, respectively (Lechtreck and Melkonian, 1991; Yang et al., 2002), although other proteins are also present (Lechtreck and Melkonian, 1998; Park et al., 2008; Chien et al., 2013). Moreover, striated fibers display dynamic assembly and disassembly (Salisbury et al., 1984; Sperling et al., 1991; Francia et al., 2012). Thus, striated fibers are complex Cilia-organizing basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule scaffolds that are visibly asymmetrical because they have attached auxiliary structures, such as striated fibers. In multiciliated cells, BB orientation aligns to ensure coherent ciliary beating, but the mechanisms that maintain BB orientation are unclear. For the first time in Tetrahymena thermophila, we use comparative wholegenome sequencing to identify the mutation in the BB disorientation mutant disA-1. disA-1 abolishes the localization of the novel protein DisAp to T. thermophila striated fibers (kinetodesmal fibers; KFs), which is consistent with DisAp's similarity to the striated fiber protein SFassemblin. We demonstrate that DisAp is required for KFs to elongate and to resist BB disorientation in response to ciliary forces. Newly formed BBs move along KFs as they approach their cortical attachment sites. However, because they contain short KFs that are rotated, BBs in disA-1 cells display aberrant spacing and disorientation. Therefore, DisAp is a novel KF component that is essential for force-dependent KF elongation and BB orientation in multiciliary arrays. DisAp-dependent striated fiber elongation is required to organize ciliary arrays


Background: Our study aimed to measure effectiveness of Anti-S1 RBD (receptor binding domain) IgG Antibody levels against SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) Cov-2 in breast cancer patients and compare them with healthy participants.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional, single-center study was designed to evaluate Anti-S1 RBD IgG antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 54 breast cancer patients and 56 healthy controls without cancer diagnosis.
Results: Anti-S1 RBD IgG antibody test was positive in 79.6% (43/54) of breast cancer patients, in 92.9% (52/56) of participants in the control group (p=0.054) and, 63.3% in breast cancer patients who were on chemotherapy+/-molecularly targeted therapy following at least two doses of vaccinations. Hybrid vaccination (use of two different types of vaccines) and more than two doses of vaccinations were associated with higher antibody titers both in patient and control groups. Median time to vaccination was 123 days (8-427) in the entire group and was significantly associated with antibody titer. Among breast cancer patients, type and frequency of vaccination, age and use of cytotoxic therapies were significantly associated with the magnitude of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in our study.
Conclusion: Breast cancer patients developed a lower antibody response to vaccination against COVID-19 in comparison to healthy subjects. Clinical and treatment related factors might help in tailoring future vaccination strategies for specific subsets of breast cancer patients.


The essential oils from Mentha viridis L. and Mentha pulegium L. were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and presented linalool (40.70%), carvone (13.52%) and α-terpinene (8.56%) as the principal constituents in the essential oil from Mentha viridis L. Pulegone (50.01%), menthol (31.90%) and menthone (16.56%) were the principal constituents in the essential oil from Mentha pulegium L. These essential oils (in concentrations ranging from 3.91 to 500 μL·mL-1) showed satisfactory activities against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activities with 2-deoxyribose and phosphomolybdenum and the reducing power (in concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 1000 μL·mL-1) were determined. The antioxidant activity was observed for the two oils evaluated by the phosphomolybdenum and 2-deoxyribose methods, whereas the essential oil from M. viridis presented low antioxidant activity in the reducing power assay.


To study the natural vibration characteristic of gun systems, the rigid-flexible coupling multi-body modeling method for gun system was developed. Using multi-body theory the rigid-flexible coupling chain structure of gun was established firstly, and the dynamic equation in closed form of gun system during launching was provided by Lagrange's method of the second. Based on above, the analytic expressions of eigen-value equations for gun system were presented. And using that, the natural vibration frequencies of gun system were calculated, and the natural vibration characteristics were analyzed. The analysis indicates that the calculating results achieved using rigid-flexible coupling modeling method are more close to the experimental results compared to pure rigid modeling. Therefore it is essential to consider the flexible deformation of barrel if we want to acquire the natural vibration characteristic of gun system more accurately. Furthermore, the investigation in this paper also shows that the rigid-flexible coupling multi-body modeling method is an effective method for the dynamic analysis of gun system, and can be used to research the dynamic characteristic of other mechanisms as well. The model, method, and results presented in this paper have significance to correlative engineering research, and provide a new technical way for improving on the design of gun.


A requisite corollary of mineral sand mining on North Stradbroake Island (Queensland (Qld), Australia) has been the progressive rehabilitation of post-mined lands for the revegetation of native subtropical Eucalypt communities. Since 2005, rigorous environmental monitoring has been undertaken to verify the annual development of post-rehabilitated sites. From these longterm analyses, a chronosequence of land revegetation (ranging from three to 26 years postrehabilitation) was developed to examine the rehabilitation trajectories of various post-mined sites in relation to proximal undisturbed locations. Here, we identifi ed that some sites may be deviating from the intended natural analogues as evidenced by the opportunistic colonisation and otherwise 'invasive' behaviour of a regionally native species (Black Sheoak − Allocasuarina littoralis), which appear to be displacing the intended Eucalypt varieties. Although it is recognised that the broader data trends correspond to distinct periods of adaptive modifi cations to the implementation of rehabilitation (ie pre- and post-1995), this analysis focuses on further identifying potential above- and belowground feedback mechanisms underlying these divergent ecological outcomes.


Garments characteristically do not exist in isolation, floating in the air. They interact with the objects in their environment – in most instances either with the body that wears them or with other garment pieces. Modeling and simulating these interactions are essential to realistic simulation. A garment takes the shape of the body that wears it and follows its movements not only through its elastic behavior, but by its contact with the body. The aim of collision detection procedures is to compute the geometrical interactions between objects and to perform this task efficiently whatever the number and complexity of the objects may be. After introducing the problem of algorithmic complexity, we present the major algorithms that are used to perform collision detection. Finally, we discuss an efficient algorithm specially adapted for detecting self-collisions on animated polygonal meshes. Virtual objects are determined only by a formal description in the computer's memory. They do not occupy any " real " volume in space. Nothing prevents several such objects from occupying the same


spwmatfill takes a contiguity-based spatial weights matrix -created in GeoDa- whose some rows consisting of only zero elements represent observations with no contiguous neighbors, assigns to those observations their nearest neighbors as their sole neighbors, and replaces the zero elements corresponding to the nearest neighbors with ones. In order to calculate the first nearest neighbors spwmatfill relies on nearstat (q.v.) which must be installed.


OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC method for determination of tripterine in LGT tablets and LGTDG tablets.The contents of tripterine in tripterygii preparations were determined and compared among 66 batches of samples from 11 different manufactures.METHODS The determination was performed on Welch UltimateTM XBC18 column using acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(80 ∶ 20) as the mobile phase.The column temperature was 25℃,and the flow rate was 1mL.min-1,as well as detection wavelength was 425nm.RESULTS The linear range of tripterine was 0.472 ~ 188.8μg.mL-1,and the average recoveries were 98.32%(RSD =3.13%) and 101.19%(RSD =2.17%) in LGT tablets and LGTDG tablets respectively.CONCLUSION The method is simple,accurate and reproducible.It can be applied to determine the contents of tripterine in LGT tablets and LGTDG tablets.The contents of tripterine in tripterygii preparations are varied significantly from different manufactures or even from different batches of the same manufacture.


The present paper deals with the determination of changes in bond polarity of Sb2-xBixTe3 mixed crystals as a function of composition. In addition, the relation between the bond polarization and the concentration of antisite defects is investigated. A model is proposed, in order to evaluate the concentration of Sb'Te and Bi'Te antisite defects in terms of the composition variable x. Consequences for the design of p-n-junctions are indicated.


The present invention provides a system and method for a phase synchronization system cardiopulmonary analysis for assessing the degree of heart rate and respiration synchronize, i.e. cardiopulmonary coupling strength; The system comprises a ECG acquisition module, ECG preprocessing module, ECG R peak detection module, the respiratory signal acquisition module, a signal preprocessing module respiration, the respiratory signal peak detection module and phase synchronous analysis module; wherein the ECG signal acquisition module ECG; ECG R peak detection modules respiration signal acquisition module respiratory signal;; R-wave detection algorithm R peaks based on wavelet transform respiratory signal peak detection module threshold method detected respiration peak point; phase synchronization analysis module calculates cardiorespiratory synchronization time based on the phase sync pattern, a cardiopulmonary coupling strength the quantitative indicators.


The invention discloses a multifunctional cashmere sweater curing agent and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional cashmere sweater curing agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 6 to 10 parts of water-soluble lanoline, 1 to 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 to 20 parts of glycerin, 3 to 5 parts of lauryl sodium sulfate, 1 to 3 parts of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, 1 to 3 parts of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 4 to 6 parts of coconut oil diethyl alcohol acylamide, 0.4 to 0.8 part of essence, and 300 to 500 parts of water. Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional cashmere sweater curing agent has the following beneficial effects that (1) a good curing effect is achieved to ensure that the surface of a cashmere sweater is bright as new; (2) a good cleaning effect is achieved; and (3) the preparation process is simple, and the cost is low.


Solution of parametric synthesis tasks at preliminary stages of the technical objects design is not always found under uncertainty related to random nature of the investigated processes. The information on the parameters of the technical objects is received from the experts upon an insufficiency of statistical data. In this situation, it is worth to apply theories considering expert information processing in order to develop theoretical and algorithmical bases for solving the design tasks of parametric synthesis. As a result of study B. Liu's uncertainty theory is chosen, in which analytical forms for calculating the numerical characteristics of functions depending on uncertain parameters, which are set by experts using uncertainty distribution functions, are derived. The art icle considers the issues of tool software environment used for solving the tasks of design solutions parametric synthesis based on expert and statistical information processing. The prototype of the tool software environment, using which the decision-maker (DM) will get an adaptable tool to establish and apply optimization models where the target functions and limitations depend on random and uncertain parameters is described.


To clarify the influence of Cr on the galvanizability of a sheet steel containing Mn, a Cr‐added Mn steel and a Cr‐free Mn steel were compared in terms of selective surface oxidation and interfacial reaction during galvanizing with a molten Zn bath containing Al. The surface oxides formed by selective oxidation on the Cr‐added steel were identified as Mn‐Cr spinel in addition to MnO, whereas only MnO was found on the Cr‐free steel. Analyses of the coating interface of the galvanized samples revealed that a columnar ζ‐phase Fe‐Zn intermetallic compound was formed on both of the Cr‐added and Cr‐free steels. Furthermore, a granular Fe‐Zn intermetallic compound was found anomalously on the Cr‐added steel, which was Γ1‐phase containing a higher Fe content compared with the ζ‐phase. The most remarkable feature was that Al from the molten Zn preferentially reacted with the Mn‐Cr spinel more than the Fe of the substrate steel on the Cr‐added steel during the galvanizing. This reaction could suppress the formation of the Fe‐Al intermetallic compound, which is generally formed and inhibit a reaction between Zn and Fe in a normal galvanizing process, and instead lead to the formation reaction of the Fe‐Zn intermetallic compound to make the Fe content higher to form Γ1‐phase. These results indicate that the performance in the galvanizing process can be controlled by Cr addition through the modification of the surface oxides.


The construction of workers,peasants and soldiers' literature is unique. First of all,views are microscopic one moment, and macroscopic the next. Second,writers will construct their stories from a single perspective or sometimes from a variety of perspectives. What follows is the creation of a kind of 50-called "ideal"life. Besides,typical characters and events are often used. Overall,this construction tends to be political and normative,which is much different from the literature since May 4thMovement,the revolutionary literature and the former Soviet Union literature. This article here talks about some inspirations derived from this construction


Algeria's Bloody Years. A film directed by Malek Bensmafl, produced by Patrice Barrat with the BBC. New York: First Run/Icarus Films, 2003. Color, 59 minutes. $390; $75 rental. The documentary "Algeria's Bloody Years" chronicles the history of that nation since 1988, focusing primarily on the violent civil conflict between government forces and armed Islamic fundamentalist groups that has killed more than 100,000 Algerians since 1992. The documentary's real strength lies in its mix of shockingly honest interviews with army generals and the leaders of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) and the Armed Islamic Group (GIA), brutally graphic scenes of the aftermath of massacres in tiny villages,1 and archival footage of such crucial turning points in the nation's history as the assassination of President Boudiaf, which was televised live throughout the country in June 1992. This triple-pronged approach allows director Malek Bensma'il to recount Algeria's complex recent history quickly and powerfully. In the span of a few minutes he traces the beginnings of the violence triggered by the army's suppression of massive labor strikes in 1988, the rise in popularity of the fundamentalist FIS party during the brief period of relative freedom from 1988 to 1991, and the military's cancellation of national elections and assumption of power in 1992, once FIS victory at the polls seemed inevitable. The bulk of the film details the rise of competing armed guerilla fundamentalist groups, who quickly turned from the targeted assassination of policemen and soldiers to the killing of pro-democracy journalists, intellectuals, and white-collar professionals and then to the wide-scale massacre of common villagers throughout rural Algeria in attempts to ensure local loyalties. In addition Bensma'il depicts the military's equally brutal record of indiscriminate arrests, torture, and vengeful reprisals. Finally, "Algeria's Bloody Years" recounts the death of the vestiges of democracy during the 1990s-a decade when military generals working through the puppet civilian government ruled by decree, without regard for the constitution and only the slightest pretense of legality. Throughout the film, interviews highlight the intransigence of key figures on both sides of the fight, as well as the tragic impotence of the millions of average Algerians caught in the middle. Interview clips include Minister of Defense General Khalid Nezzar's unrepentant contention that there was "no alternative" to the army's shooting of several hundred labor protesters in 1988, and exiled FIS leader Mourad Dina's explanation that "intellectuals of the left should have the courage of their convictions: they should say 'we are at war and some of us will pay with our lives'" when asked about the fundamentalist group's assassinations of Algerian journalists, doctors, and university professors. …


The construction of police public relations is one of the important contents of construction of police force.To conduct it is an effective measure to improve their combat effectiveness,establish their good images and realize a harmonious relationship between police and the mass.So,public security organs of every level should try to enforce police sense of public relation through effective ways,strengthen the theoretic researches and practical exploration of it and establish our own police public relations that tally with our national conditions.


Theprevalence ofmRNAscoding forthesea urchin embryoregulatory factors P3A1andP3A2wasmea- suredbysingle-strand probeexcess solution hybridization. P3A1andP3A2arenothomologous proteins, though theyboth bindspecifically toaparticular cis-regulatory sequence. Inter- action atthis target site isknowntoberequired forlineage- specific expression ofanaboral ectoderm-specific geneand probably forseveral other genes aswell. Genomeblot hybrid- izations showthatbothfactors areencoded bysingle-copy genes. Maternal mRNAsforbothfactors arepresent atless than103molecules peregg,whichplaces themintherare mRNA class. During development tothemesenchyme blastula stage, theamountofP3A1mRNA (perembryo)increases severalfold while thatofP3A2remains approximately con- stant. Specification oftheaboral ectoderm founder cells andof their initial patterns ofgeneexpression mustoccur during early tomid-cleavage stage. Therefore, theregulatory proteins needed forthis process mustbeproduced bythis stage. We showthatthequantities oftheP3Aproteins thatcanbe synthesized fromthenumbers ofmRNA molecules present in thelarge blastomeres oftheearly embryo aresufficient tobe functional, because these proteins will be accumulated inthe nuclei. Thusmaternal P3A1orP3A2proteins arenotrequired, norwerethese detected inearlier studies. Furthermore, dif- ferential spatial (aswellastemporal) distribution ofbothof these newlysynthesized factor species could result fromthe unequal cleavage pattern utilized intheseaurchin egg. TwoDNA-binding proteins, P3A1andP3A2,that recognize


Abstract This article clarifies three issues concerning Haydn's late masses and their association with the name day of Princess Maria Esterhazy. 1. The theory that the princess' name day fell on the Feast of Mary's Birth (September 8) with festivities simply postponed to the following Sunday fails to recognize that in the 1800s that Sunday was always the Feast of the Name of Mary, a little known moveable feast. 2. The first three of Haydn's late masses have tenuous connections to the princess' name day, either due to lack of evidence about their premieres, Haydn's own titles (none of which suggest a Marian celebration), or expressive contents that raise questions of propriety to a Marian celebration. 3. A closer look at liturgy reconnects these three works to the name day in intriguing ways: the St. Bernard Mass should have premiered on his feast day (September 11) which in 1796 happened to be the Sunday of Maria Namen; and the bellicose rumblings of the Missa in tentpore belli and the aggressive qualitie...


Airborne laser scanner is widely adopted for city modeling, DTM (Digital Terrain Model) generation, monitoring electrical power lines and detection of forest areas. In generally, airborne laser scanning enables to acquire point cloud 3D data for surface of the ground or objects using multiple return pulses (first, last and other pulse). Filtering for distinguish on- and off-terrain points from point cloud 3D data which are collected by airborne laser scanner was issue, and various filtering methods have been developing for generating DTM using point cloud 3D data. Waveform information (range, pulse amplitude, pulse width) which is corrected by resent laser scanner system has been receiving more attention for improvement of classifying the point cloud data into on- and off-terrain points. Waveform information has ability to classify the point cloud data, however, robust filtering for distinguish on- and off-terrain points is still issue. The main problem is robust extraction of the deepest points which shows ground surface. As many filtering and classifying methods for robust extraction of the deepest points were proposed including waveform information, the problem reaches extraction of the last pulse since the last pulse show the deepest points. With this motive, filtering and classifying approach for DTM generation in forested area using multiple return pulses instead of waveform information are investigated in this paper.


Edge detection technology of oil spills image on the sea is one of most key technologies to monitor oil spills on the sea. This paper presents a new method to detect continuous and closed edges of oil slick infrared (IR) aerial images on the sea. The method is composed of two stages: determination of edge points and edge linking. Non-maximal suppression and self-adaptive dynamic block threshold (SADBT) algorithm are applied to determine edge points. Then an improved edge linking algorithm is used for linking discrete edge points into closed edge contours, according to a cost function of the combination of Euclidean distance, intensity and angle information of edge ending points to improve the edge linking decision. Using the proposed algorithm, we can gain continuous and closed edges of oil slick IR aerial images, thereby confirming the location and acreage of oil spill. The experiment results have shown that the proposed method improves the degree of automation of edge detection, suppresses the striping noise, intensity inhomogeneity and weak edge boundaries effectively.