IN 1978, Melding et al. achieved some success in the treatment of tinnitus with carbamazephine using the response of intravenous lignocaine as a prediction of its effectiveness. Subsequently Emmett and Shea (1980) reported encouraging results with tocainide hydrochloride, an orally active analogue of lignocaine. This report led to an evaluation of this medication in the Eye and Ear Clinic, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. An initial trial in 12 patients was followed by a randomised controlled double blind trial in 26 patients. It was intended to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy for tinnitus of various aetiologies, and to determine the nature and incidence of possible side-effects. The following report concerns the results of this investigation. Before commencing in hospital, an extensive history was taken followed by physical, central nervous system, and audiometric examination of speech and pure tone thresholds, with X-rays of cervical spine and petrous bone tomography. Biochemical investigation included full blood picture, white cell count, ESR, SMAC, glucose tolerance test, fasting triglycerides, thyroid function and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests. On completion of these screening tests each patient was given an intravenous injection of lignocaine hydrochloride 100 mg and observed for three hours for changes in the severity of the tinnitus. Failure to respond to lignocaine did not exclude a patient from either trial.


This study suggested that Medicaid expansion could have survival benefits for men with non-small cell lung cancer, however the same association pattern was not observed for women.


Expitaxially oriented growth of diamond film on Si(001) was achieved using hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The epitaxial relationship between the film and the substrate was confirmed by the observation through scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) as follows: Dia(001)//Si(001) and Dia〈110〉//Si〈110〉 with a misorientation angle of 9° between Dia(001) and Si(001). This reports the HRTEM observation of the largest area of the diamond/Si interface (larger than 880 A). It demonstrates that the intermediate β‐SiC layer is unnecessary for achieving diamond epitaxy on Si. Discussion reveals that the value of the misorientation angle between Dia(001) and Si(001) is not unique and should be controlled to deposit single‐crystal diamond films on Si.


A rapid chromatographic method for the separation of proanthocyanidins from the phenolic extract of green tea was described. A crude catechin mixture from green tea was applied onto a Toyopearl HW-40S column (TosoHaas). Six fractions (I–VI) were eluted from the column using ethanol as a mobile phase. Fractions I–III were free of catechins. Catechins (EC, ECG, EGC, EGCG) were present in fractions IV–VI. Two proanthocyanidin fractions (VII–VIII) were eluted from the column with acetone-water (1:1; v/v). Proanthocyanidins present in these fractions exhibited a strong positive vanillin reaction. The absence of catechins in the proanthocyanidin fractions was confirmed by means of thin layer chromatography.


A large, detailed data set is used to examine the effect of the Loma Prieta (World Series) earthquake on housing prices in the San Francisco Bay area. This relationship is examined while controlling for potential confounding variables, such as location-specific risk and the timing of the earthquake. The results indicate that the Loma Prieta earthquake caused an area wide reduction in property values. In addition, it seems that individuals considered other measures of earthquake risk in their housing purchases, yielding a measurable price gradient. These results are relatively robust, remaining stable across estimated functional forms and independent variable sets. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.


Wind turbine rotors capture energy from moving wind, their capacity to perform this function depends on the coefficient of power (Cp) of the rotor. Through proper aerodynamic design, a rotor's performance can be optimized to take advantage of the smallest available wind speed at any time to produce energy. In this research a computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to model the best optimum dimensions of an inversely tapered rotor blade using Clark Y airfoil type rotor of 0.6 m diameter. The optimal design values obtained include; tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2.5, lift coefficient to drag coefficient ratio of 1.1 and pitch angle of 8 degrees Using blade element momentum (BEM), the wing profile of each section of the blade was calculated and designed. The unique inverse tapering was done to achieve a better efficiency at the low wind speed range. This was used to fabricate a three blade rotor using carbon composites which was tested in the wind tunnel for Cp. Results showed very good performance of the inverse tapered type as compared with the tapered rotors. The maximum coefficient of power for the inversely tapered was found to be 0.313 at 8 m/s. Visualization test and particle image velocimetry (P.I.V). analysis showed that the inversely tapered rotor is more effective in converting wind power into shaft power than the tapered.


Abstract : A prototype of a strongly autonomous agent has been implemented. This prototype selects its own objectives and its own values. The agent can then calculate expected values, choose courses of action, and measure received reward.


While the Java programming language and the J2EE platform are increasingly popular for implementing business logic on backend platforms, new emerging Java technologies such as JAIN SLEE and SIP Servlet are focusing on the development of low latency Java applications. As J2EE mainly focuses on enterprise applications with complex long lasting transactions, this technology is considered unsuitable for applications with low latency and high throughput characteristics. This paper compares these telecom oriented Java technologies to J2EE both in terms of functionality and through a detailed performance evaluation. JVM performance tuning has been studied as well and is explained in the paper. We performed a SIP proxy benchmark with strict low latency requirements of which the results are presented. Furthermore, design guidelines for J2EE applications are discussed to optimize for low latency behavior together with an interpretation of the obtained performance results.


Vegetation composition and establishment is strongly dependent on climate conditions but also a result of vegetation dynamics (competition for light, water and nutrients). In addition, vegetation exerts control over the development of landscapes as it mediates the climatic and hydrological forces shaping the terrain via hillslope and fluvial processes. At the same time, topography as well as soil texture and soil depth affect the microclimate, soil water storage and rooting space that is defining the environmental envelope for vegetation development.


Significance We performed de novo, full-genome sequence analysis of two Populus species, North American quaking and Eurasian trembling aspen, that contain striking levels of genetic variation. Our results showed that positive and negative selection broadly affects patterns of genomic variation, but to varying degrees across coding and noncoding regions. The strength of selection and rates of sequence divergence were strongly related to differences in gene expression and coexpression network connectivity. These results highlight the importance of both positive and negative selection in shaping genome-wide levels of genetic variation in an obligately outcrossing, perennial plant. The resources we present establish aspens as a powerful study system enabling future studies for understanding the genomic determinants of adaptive evolution. The Populus genus is one of the major plant model systems, but genomic resources have thus far primarily been available for poplar species, and primarily Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray), which was the first tree with a whole-genome assembly. To further advance evolutionary and functional genomic analyses in Populus, we produced genome assemblies and population genetics resources of two aspen species, Populus tremula L. and Populus tremuloides Michx. The two aspen species have distributions spanning the Northern Hemisphere, where they are keystone species supporting a wide variety of dependent communities and produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Our analyses show that the two aspens share a similar genome structure and a highly conserved gene content with P. trichocarpa but display substantially higher levels of heterozygosity. Based on population resequencing data, we observed widespread positive and negative selection acting on both coding and noncoding regions. Furthermore, patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in aspen are influenced by a number of features, such as expression level, coexpression network connectivity, and regulatory variation. To maximize the community utility of these resources, we have integrated all presented data within the PopGenIE web resource (PopGenIE.org).


The aim of this study is to constrain the timing of the deglaciation process since the Last Local Glacial Maximum in HualcaHualca volcano and Patapampa Altiplano, located in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone. Nine 36 Cl cosmogenic surface exposure dating of moraine boulders as well as polished and striated bedrock surfaces are presented. The 36 Cl cosmogenic exposure ages indicate that the glaciers reached their maximum extent at ~ 17 - 16 ka on the HualcaHualca volcano during the Heinrich 1 event and the Tauca paleolake cycle. Since then glaciers began to retreat until ~ 12 ka, when they went through a phase of readvance or stillstand. The deglaciation of HualcaHualca was constant since ~ 11.5 ka, coinciding with the disappearance of the ice cap from the Patapampa Altiplano. These glacial ages do not corroborate a Last Local Glacial Maximum prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum but they indicate a sensitive reaction of the glacier system to precipitation fluctuations. According to the analysis of cosmogenic exposure ages reported from HualcaHualca, Sajama and Tunupa volcanoes, the onset of deglaciation since Last Local Glacial Maximum occurred at the end of the Heinrich 1 event and the Tauca paleolake cycle in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone. However, the glacier retreat was not continuous because at least one significant readvance or stillstand phase has been reported in most of the volcanoes studied in this region although the ages cannot be clearly related to the Younger Dryas and/or the Antarctic Cold Reversal cold events. After this readvance or stillstand, the glaciers of the Central Volcanic Zone retreated, but at least three clear minor readvances evidence a not homogeneous warm and/or dry climate during the Holocene. Even though in situ cosmogenic exposure provides important glacial chronological data, it is difficult to establish a consistent regional glacial reconstruction and clear connections with the main Late Pleistocene cold episodes due to limitations associated with in situ cosmogenic production rates and the use of different scaling schemes. To reduce the uncertainty and compare the available cosmogenic ages, it would be necessary to determine a precise in situ cosmogenic production rate for each isotope in the Central Andes, a standard scaling scheme and recalculate the published chronological data.


The article studies the Homeric cento quoted by Irenaeus in Adversus Haereses (1, 9, 4) in the section directed against Valentinus and his followers: Irenaeus illustrates that their piecing together of disjoint passages from the Scriptures is similar to the technique used by authors of centones. The cento in question is of great interest as one of the earliest surviving examples of the genre that became popular in IV–V centuries AD. The article proposes a detailed linear commentary of the cento, with special attention to the interplay between the original context of the line and the way it is used in the cento. It is shown that the poetic technique, the sophisticated use of Homeric lines, and the subtle irony show that author of the cento was a cultivated, witty, and most probably pagan author who composed the cento for the mere enjoyment of the form.


In this work, the hydromagnetic and thermal characteristics of natural convection flow in a vertical parallel plate micro–porous–channel with suction/injection is analytically studied in the presence of Hall current by taking the temperature jump and the velocity slip at the wall into account. The governing equations, exhibiting the physics of the flow formation are displayed and the exact analytical solutions have been obtained for momentum and energy equations under relevant boundary conditions. The impact of distinct admissible parameters such as Hartmann number, Hall current parameter, permeability parameter, suction/injection parameter, fluid wall interaction parameter, Knudsen number and wall-ambient temperature ratio on the flow formation is discussed with the aid of line graphs. In particular, as rarefaction parameter on the micro–porous–channel surfaces increases, the fluid velocity increases and the volume flow rate decreases for injection/suction.


Studies in the area of environmental perception emerge as tools of big importance to the preparation of the new methodology of environmental education in the on-going assessment of the work already implanted in Conservation Units. Taking this into account, the objective of this work was to infer the different behaviors of the users of Fazenda Santa Branca, in Teresopolis -GO, Brazil, related to the natural environment and the environmental education work carried out on the farm, based on the acquisition and analysis of the information of their cognitive state. The conceptions were obtained through questionnaires and divided into categories such as Anthrocentric, Globalizing or Naturalist (Reigota, 1991). The crossings of variables showed that the conception of what environment is does not depend on groups of users (X2= 4, 9, G.L.= 6, p= 1%), therefore there is not a dependence between having a globalizing conception and having participated in activities of environmental education or even being an employee, what detects flaws in the environmental approach. It was still detected the conceptions of environment are independent of the level of education (X2=7,6, G.L.=9, p=1%), which also shows failures in the levels of formal education. The environmental education in a Non-Formal level should follow some basic guidelines, with attention to the approach of the environment themes always seeking a critical view, able to raise global conceptions.


We propose a definition of causality for time series in terms of the effect of an intervention in one component of a multivariate time series on another component at some later point in time. Conditions for identifiability, comparable to the back-door and front-door criteria, are presented and can also be verified graphically. Computation of the causal effect is derived and illustrated for the linear case.


The first known nesting attempts in California by both the Royal Tern and Elegant Tern ($. elegar•$) occurred in 1959 on the dikes separating the salt evaporating ponds at the south end of San Diego Bay, San Diego County, California (Gallup and Bailey 1960). The attempt, by a single pair of Royal Terns, failed. The egg was collected by Gallup and is on deposit at the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology, Los Angeles (WFVZ 114, 199-1). It measures 62.8 x 44.9 min. In 1960 a second nesting attempt was reported without details (Small 1960) to have involved at least 30 nests and produced many young, but no nests of this species were found in 1961 (Small 1961).


A Neumann solution for inviscid external flow was coupled to a modified Reshotko-Tucker integral boundary-layer technique, the control volume method of Presz for calculating flow in the separated region, and an inviscid one-dimensional solution for the jet exhaust flow in order to predict axisymmetric nozzle afterbody pressure distributions and drag. The viscous and inviscid flows are solved iteratively until convergence is obtained. A computer algorithm of this procedure was written and is called DONBOL. A description of the computer program and a guide to its use is given. Comparisons of the predictions of this method with experiments show that the method accurately predicts the pressure distributions of boattail afterbodies which have the jet exhaust flow simulated by solid bodies. For nozzle configurations which have the jet exhaust simulated by high-pressure air, the present method significantly underpredicts the magnitude of nozzle pressure drag. This deficiency results because the method neglects the effects of jet plume entrainment. This method is limited to subsonic free-stream Mach numbers below that for which the flow over the body of revolution becomes sonic.


In recent years, the importance of keeping and sharing knowledge in organization have motivated many firms to start knowledge management (KM) projects. However, in reality, many of KM projects have failed or not achieved the planned goals. Lack of infrastructure for knowledge creation are known as one of the important reasons for this failure. Knowledge creation is one of the main level in KM cycle. Knowledge and knowledge creating tools, if well recognized and applied, have a significant role in the success of the KM project. The aim of this study is to identify organizational factors that affect individual knowledge creation in the firm. The systematic literature review resulted in 23 key factors on individual knowledge creation. These factors were classified in five categories namely: organizational culture, strategy, organizational structure, human resources and information technologies. Focusing on these factors, can increase knowledge creation by employees in organization and decrease the rate of KM projects failure.


Objective:To investigate the psychological nursing intervention in the application of nursing care in blood donation.Methods:Between January 2014 and December 2014,420 blood donors were divided into two groups with 210 person each.The control group received routine nursing and the intervention group adopt psychological intervention in the donation process.Results:Compared to the control group,the pain and blood donation reaction of the intervention group were significantly less(P0.05).The satisfaction and again blood donation rate was significantly better than that of the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:Psychological nursing can improve the quality of nursing service and the good effect of application is obtaind in blood donation.


Exploiting the wave nature of light to create new compact components is the goal of Diffractive Integrated Optics (DIO). So far DIOs have been only partly successful and in the next generation DIOs the diffractive, coupling, and waveguiding functions will be more indistinguishable.


PurposeMany waste-to-energy (WTE) plants are constructed and operated using the public-private partnership (PPP) mode in China. However, risk events of PPP WTE incineration projects sometimes occur. This study aims to clarify the relationship of risks in China's PPP WTE incineration projects and identify the key risks accordingly and risk transmission paths.Design/methodology/approachA risk list of PPP WTE incineration projects was obtained based on literature analysis. Moreover, a hybrid approach combining fuzzy sets, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was developed to analyze the causality of risks, explore critical risks and reveal the risk transmission paths. The quantitative analysis process was implemented in MATLAB.FindingsThe results show that government decision-making risk, government credit risk, government supervision behavior risk, legal and policy risk, revenue and cost risk and management capacity risk are the critical risks of PPP WTE incineration projects in China. These critical risks are at different levels in the risk hierarchy and often trigger other risks.Originality/valueCurrently, there is a lack of exploration on the interaction between the risks of PPP WTE incineration projects. This study fills this gap by examining the key risks and risk transfer pathways of PPP WTE incineration projects from the perspective of risk interactions. The findings can help the public and private sectors to systematically understand the risks in PPP WTE incineration projects, thus enabling them to identify the risks that need to be focused on when making decisions and to optimize risk prevention strategies. The proposed hybrid approach can offer methodological ideas for risk analysis of other types of PPP projects.


Long bone fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries are difficult to manage. A case is presented in which complications arose after a femur fracture in a paraplegic patient was treated by closed fixation in a long leg circular plaster cast and the literature on management of long bone fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries is reviewed.


Thermal and transport properties of Na2SO4-Fe2O3 composites, with molar composition in the range x = 0.1-0.5, were studied by using impedance spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The electrical conductivity of this solid solution increases rapidly with increasing Fe2O3 content, from a value at about 0.05 × 10–4 S/cm (for x = 0.0) up to 0.22 × 10–4 S/cm for x = 0.1. The largest enhancement in the conductivity is observed for 10, 20 and 40 mol% Fe2O3 compositions, a feature not commonly encountered in known composite systems. The step change in the conductivity of pure sodium sulphate at 241 °C, associated with a first order phase transition, that not only shifts slightly to a higher temperatures when the Fe2O3 content increases, but it is also observed a reduction of the step hight. The results are discussed considering an approximation effect of the nanoparticles on the Na+ transport in the Na2SO4 compound. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Photodegradation is a natural process that strongly affects the chromophoric fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially in surface water of the oceans. In the euphotic zone, the concentration and quality of DOM are mostly dependent on primary production by phytoplankton. The effect of photodegradation on algal DOM has not been investigated as much as on terrestrial DOM. In this study, we explored the effect of different spectral regions (i.e., full sun spectrum, visible light, 295–800 nm, 305–800 nm, and 320–800 nm) on algal exudates by Emiliania huxleyi, a ubiquitous coccolithophore. The optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) of algal DOM were investigated before and after irradiation with the different spectral regions. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were compared before and after irradiation. The results showed an increase in the effect of photobleaching with increasing irradiation energy for all of the absorbance indices. Similarly, the protein-like fluorescence decreased at increasing irradiation energy. The humic-like fluorescence, which was the most affected, did not show a linear trend between photobleaching and irradiation energy, which suggested that irradiation mainly determined a change in these molecules' quantum yield.


We present a model for thin film growth by particle deposition that takes into account the possible evaporation of the particles deposited on the surface as well as the effect of point defects. Our focus is on the early formation kinetics of two-dimensional islands on the surface, in particular in the scaling properties of the maximum number of islands formed on the surface. Most of our results are obtained through the analysis of rate equations describing the system. They are supported by simple scaling arguments and are confirmed by extensive computer simulations. We find significant differences with previous studies of this system which arise from different physical hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of island growth in the presence of evaporation.


A method to determine the contact conductance at the interface between steel and concrete under high temperature conditions, typical of enclosure fires, using experimental measurements and inverse heat conduction analysis is presented. This method is adopted because the interface under investigation is formed by very rough non-conforming surfaces and there are no data or mathematical models capable of describing such an interface. A specimen representing a square steel tube filled with concrete is heated in a modified electrical furnace to temperatures comparable to those observed in structural elements exposed to fire, and temperature-time histories in two-second increments are recorded at ten locations. The results are used to obtain a correlation representing averaged contact conductance for the steel-concrete interface of square steel tube filled with non-reinforced concrete as a function of temperature.


Abstract. Past research in adaptive optics (AO) has demonstrated the link between apparent beacon extent and wavefront gradient estimation sensitivity, or optical gain, of a classical Shack-Hartmann (SH) subaperture when using quad-cell detector regions. Pixel diffusion and residual wavefront error broaden the effective subaperture point spread functions as the atmospheric seeing varies in time. Although the AO community has generally shifted toward resolved subapertures to combat these interlinked issues, the quad-cell subaperture design offers efficient light usage for dim beacons, integrating less pixel noise while also reducing sensor readout latency. Particularly for telescopes in poor seeing conditions, in order to reduce beacon magnitude requirements, a quad-cell SH design, coupled with the proposed algorithm, can be an enabling solution. We present research conducted at the Starfire Optical Range over the past 8 years in implementing a robust approach that measures the real-time sensitivity on the site's natural guidestar and laser beacon AO systems at the 3.5- and 1.5-m telescopes. Emphasis is given toward the practical aspects that must be considered beyond the pure theory, which has been presented in several prior works. A high-signal-to-noise strategy has been implemented that estimates the aperture-averaged subaperture sensitivity (related to beacon size) by exploiting the null space of the least-squares wavefront reconstructor. Careful consideration has gone into the implementation of this estimation method to avoid unintended effects, particularly at low-light levels. Unfortunately, this solution does not in itself address aperture-variant effects, such as sodium beacon elongation for extremely large telescopes.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Overview ........................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Metal-Semiconductor Contacts ......................................................................... 6 2.1 Schottky Barriers ....................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Correction to the Schottky model: Image Force Lowering ..................................... 10 2.3 Fermi-level pinning ................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 3: Macroscopic Energy Barrier Height Measurement Techniques ..................... 20 3.1 Internal Photoemission ............................................................................................ 20 3.1.1 A Theoretical Model of IPE ............................................................................. 21 3.1.2 IPE Experimental Setup .................................................................................... 25 3.1.3 IPE Measurements on a Metal-Semiconductor Device .................................... 27 3.2 Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy ................................................................. 29 3.2.1 BEEM Schematic ............................................................................................. 29 vii 3.2.2 BEEM Spectra .................................................................................................. 32 3.2.3 BEEM Images................................................................................................... 35 3.2.4 Theoretical Models for BEEM ......................................................................... 37 3.2.5 BEEM spatial resolution ................................................................................... 48 3.2.6 BEEM equipment ............................................................................................. 49 Chapter 4: Electrical Spin Injection in Semiconductors ................................................... 52 4.1 Silicon Spintronics .................................................................................................. 52 4.1.1 Spin Polarization............................................................................................... 55 4.2 Methods of Spin Injection and Detection ................................................................ 56 4.3 Electrical Spin Injection and Detection: A Simple Model ...................................... 61 4.3.1 The Localized States Case ................................................................................ 62 4.3.2 Spin Polarization of Localized States ............................................................... 66 4.3.3 Spin Resistance ................................................................................................. 68 4.3.4 The Effect of Spin Polarization on Charge Transport ...................................... 71 4.3.5 The Hanle Effect: Using Spin Precession in an Applied Magnetic Field to Measure Spin Relaxation ........................................................................................... 75 4.4 Spin Injection into a Continuous Material .............................................................. 78 4.4.1 The Normal Material as a Series of Localized States ....................................... 79 4.4.2 Discrete LS to Continuous Electron Density .................................................... 82


Based on the experimental findings in Parts I and II, mechanisms of carbon monoxide oxidation over α-Cr2O3 were proposed with which the reaction takes place simultaneously through two parallel reaction paths. Overall reaction consists of five elementary steps, and the rate constants of all ellementary stepes were determined from the analysis of appropriate transient response data. The simulation of transient response with these rate constants proved the validity of these mechansims and the results of kinetic analyses.


Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects a large proportion of the life of the patients. The comorbidity with other medical disorders is higher in patients with schizophrenia than the general population. Herewe report a schizophrenic patient with delayed diagnosis and treatment of femoral fracture masked with symptoms of catatonia.


INTRODUCTION
The primary objective of this study was to assess whether exposing dental students to visual stimuli related to dental profession during the medical physiology seminar could affect their perception of the clinical relevance of the topic.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire on attitudes towards medical physiology was conducted amongst 105 students of the School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 19-24 years (80% females) following a seminar on respiratory system physiology. Power-point presentation accompanying the seminar for a total of 52 students (study group) was enriched with pictures related to dental practice in order to assess whether these pictures could make the topic appear more clinically relevant for a future dentist.

RESULTS
The results of the survey indicated that dental students in the study group perceived the topic of the seminar as more important for them as future dentists when compared to the perception of the control group (P = 0.025).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The results of this survey encourage physiology lecturers to present medical physiology as clinically relevant for dental students whenever possible as this could increase students' interest in the subject and their motivation for learning. Such an approach could be particularly beneficial if there is a significant time gap between basic courses and involvement of students into clinical training for it could promote meaningful learning.


Using a cDNA cloning technique that incorporated polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA and subtraction in a single-strand phage-mid vector, we constructed a library of transcripts exhibiting up regulation in tomato cells infected with the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Starting with 51 mg of dissected, nematode-induced giant cells, we constructed a primary cDNA library of 2.2×10 6 recombinants. Subtraction against uninfected tomato roots gave a 4,860-fold enrichment. Analysis of the library as a whole indicated that contamination by nematode sequences was less than 1%. Transcripts from high copy number genes accounted for 14% of the clones; the remaining 244 recombinants appeared to be derived from distinct, unique genes [...]


ABSTRACT This article aims to identify selected determinants of migration among former international student mobility participants. It is based on a large-scale online survey (2450 completed questionnaires) distributed among all Polish alumni who took part in Erasmus mobility for studies 5–6 years before. The survey was conducted in 2012. We apply descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, χ2 tests, t-tests, ANOVAs, and a logistic regression model. Being a man and graduating from education studies diminish the likelihood of living abroad, whereas graduating from science, mathematics and computing, finishing one's education at the Bachelor level, having studied in German and French during one's international student mobility and being involved in a student association at the host university significantly increase the chance of currently living abroad. Finally, those who had their first international student mobility at the doctoral level are more than three times as likely to be living abroad than those who did not.


Electromechanical motor according to the present invention includes a stator having a drive member, the drive member comprises two serially connected bending portion, a central drive pad for operating on the body to be moved . Drive member extends parallel to the body. Drive pad and / or the body has elasticity. Drive pad is preferably more rigid than the lower body. The elasticity of the drive pad, it is possible to absorb a portion of the traveling wave energy applied to the drive member. Backbone of the stator, the driving member is restricted to move away from the body, simultaneously, that the drive member is remains the only mechanical contact further translation toward the body backbone and short time It is provided so as tolerated. To enable automatic centering of the various parts of the motor, it is preferable to form the support means having a convex surface.


1. Jain A, Naithani M, Chaudhary Z, Sharma P. Rare iatrogenic airway foreign body: The rivet from the fulcrum of the McCoy laryngoscope blade. Indian J Anaesth 2012;56:301-2. 2. Farkas G, Lederman D, Pradhan T, Harris K. An unusual foreign body aspiration requiring an unusual retrieval technique. J Thorac Dis 2018;10:3098-101. 3. Mısırlıoğlu M, Yıldızdaş D, Aslan N, Horoz ÖÖ, ÖzdenÖ. Tracheal rupture: A rare complication of endotracheal intubation. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019;57:154-6. 4. Ma W, Hu J, Yang M, Yang Y, Xu M. Application of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the removal of adult airway foreign bodies. BMC Surg 2020;20:165. doi: 10.1186/ s12893-020-00825-5. Rapid sequence intubation should be performed by an experienced team and proper checking of equipment is important to minimise the complications which may arise during intubation.[1] The stylet should be lubricated to minimise the resistance while removing it. We recommend that stylets have to be checked for any damage before and after its use. It is always better to use plain metallic stylet. Also removing the endotracheal tube in this difficult situation might have been dangerous, as the aspiration of a foreign body is potentially a life-threatening event and may also cause chronic complications like pneumonia, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and foreign body granuloma. Repeated unsuccessful intubation attempts with a stylet could increase the risk of airway trauma.[3] The tip of the stylet should be placed within the endotracheal tube to prevent it from sticking out, and it should be removed after the endotracheal tube passes through the vocal cords.


Abstract Investigating the foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequence of the Shizuoka-Seibu earthquake ( M = 2.8, 16 January 1981), central Japan, we found evidence that suggests high stress conditions for the foreshock period. The source dimension of the main shock was roughly estimated to be about 0.5 × 0.2 km 2 . The m value of the Ishimoto-lida9s formula was 1.87 for foreshocks and 2.37 for aftershocks. Waveforms of the foreshocks, main shock, and aftershocks were similar to each other. However, the amplitude ratio of the low (0.9 to 0.8 Hz) to high (3.5 to 10 Hz) frequency band was different between the foreshocks and aftershocks. The ratio for the foreshocks was lower than that for the aftershocks, indicating that the foreshocks contain more high-frequency energy than the aftershocks. The Shizuoka-Seibu sequence included a larger number of foreshocks (70) compared to aftershocks (43). This characteristic, in contrast with large earthquakes, was found common to small-sized earthquakes occurring in the neighborhood areas. These observations can be interpreted based on the asperity model.


An improved air filter bag comprising a height from about 35 cm to about 50 cm; a nominal diameter from about 10 to about 40 cm; and a first taper angle from about 65 DEG to about 83 DEG is provided.


The movement rule of Newton particles may be described by the action principle.In this paper,the string,the pole,the film and the board are looked upon the continuous Newton particles.Under the condition of sufficing the action principle,each of vibration equations will be educed.


Aging is a time-dependent process that contains cell injury caused by molecular damages and eventually functional impairment of tissues and organs. The possible roles of cell surface carbohydrates, which are very important molecules in cell to cell and/or cell to extracellular matrix recognition, on aging process are not yet clear. In this study, glycoconjugate alterations of membrane glycoproteins of erythrocytes in aging organism were evaluated with lectin histochemistry and lectin blotting studies in 1, 4 and 7 months old rats. Lectin histochemistry results indicated that α(2→3) and α(2→6)-linked sialic acids are intensively found in erythrocyte membranes, but this intensity of sialic acids decreases with age. Similar evidences were obtained from lectin blotting studies which performed with same lectins. These results suggest that sialic acid reactivity alters with the age of organism. We thought that (a) sialic acid containing glycoconjugates altered not only with erythrocyte senescence, but also aging process of organism or (b) the number of sialic acid containing erythrocytes decreased by age.


Wogonin, a flavone from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown various biological activities. In our previous study, it was confirmed that wogonin could decrease the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) by affecting its stability under hypoxia. However, it is still unknown whether wogonin could influence Wnt/β‐catenin pathway under hypoxia. In this study, we found that wogonin disrupted Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, also known as vascular permeability factor, VPF), which increased vascular permeability in certain diseases. It was found that wogonin suppressed HUVECs hyperactivity and actin remodeling induced by hypoxia, inhibited transendothelial cell migration of the human breast carcinoma cell MDA‐MB‐231 and the extravasated Evans in vivo Miles vascular permeability assay. Wogonin‐treated cells showed a decrease in the expression of Wnt protein and its co‐receptors, as well as a parallel increase in the expression of Axin and GSK‐3β in degradation complex, leading to degradation of β‐catenin. In addition, wogonin promoted the binding between Axin and β‐catenin, increased ubiquitination of β‐catenin and promoted its degradation. Interestingly, wogonin decreased the expression of TCF‐1, TCF‐3, and LEF‐1 and inhibited nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin as well as the binding of β‐catenin and TCF‐1, TCF‐3, or LEF‐1. All of the above results showed that wogonin could inhibit the expression of VEGF, which is an important factor regulated by β‐catenin. Taken together, the results suggested that wogonin was a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin and influenced vascular permeability, and this might provide new therapeutics in certain diseases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper describes a PC communication implementation of an embedded converter from RS 232 to USB on IC card door lock and access control system. First,the core of USB communication is exposed and analyzed. Second, the design and implementation of software and hardware of the system are discussed in detail.


and Bentham. Surely a firm principle should be that, when there is any doubt about the arguments for a change of name, that name must not be altered. Indeed, Ross (1967) only chose E. herbacea "provided it is accepted that . . . Linnaeus included "antheris bicornibus inclusis" and "foliis ternis" by mistake. Is there any evidence that he did? Both the botanical and horticultural worlds would be served by the settlement of this vexed problem for a very well-known species. What is the opinion of others?


It has been suggested that self-reported posttraumatic growth could sometimes be considered as a way for people to protect themselves from the distress of trauma. In this case, reports of posttraumatic growth could be illusory. We suggest a theory on self-reported constructive (real) posttraumatic growth and illusory posttraumatic growth by using Rogers's theory and the work by Vaillant. Through this theoretical framework, we attempt to explain when reports of posttraumatic growth are likely to be constructive and real and when such reports are likely to represent aspects of illusions. We will also consider the implications for research practice.


In order to implement the nonlinear control for extended range guided projectiles effectively,a nonlinear discrete-time control strategy via the sliding mode control principle is proposed.The control system of extended range guided projectiles is modeled.Aiming at the nonlinear coupling characteristics for the system,input-output feedback linearization is utilized to decouple the system into two independent linear time-invariant subsystems in both lengthwise and cross directions.The subsystems are transformed into discrete-time systems,and a nonlinear discrete-time controller for extended range guided projectiles is designed based on the sliding mode control principle.Trajectory simulation results demonstrate that the model and controller are feasible,the proposed controller is robust with respect to model parametric uncertainty,and that the dynamic tracking errors will be induced by the sampling time.


In general, there are two main applications of image processing and analysis, one is for humans to directly extract features of interest from images. In the face of fierce market competition, the first method is obviously not suitable for the current market environment. Therefore, the cost-effectiveness of products can only be improved through image enhancement technology to meet the higher requirements of consumers. The subjective evaluation method is that multiple observers give quality scores to the enhanced images according to some pre-specified evaluation scales or their own experience, and then perform a weighted average of the scores given by all observers. Part of the noise is filtered out by grayscale correction, and a comprehensive saliency map is generated to roughly locate the crack area according to the preprocessing method of anisotropic diffusion filtering, so as to realize the precise location of cracks, and complete the design of the automatic detection and identification algorithm for pavement cracks. And detection done on the bottom layer of the image through feature fusion between high-level data. Since image information is obtained from human vision, if the visual characteristics are fully considered in image processing, the effect of image enhancement will be improved. According to the structure-function principle of ecology, the effectiveness of material flow and energy flow in the landscape mainly depends on the spatial combination of patches, matrix and corridors that make up the landscape, that is, the regional landscape pattern. People have started to study how to analyze images by computer, using the combination of image processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence technology. In conclusion, the final result of image enhancement should be in line with the visual perception preferences. This paper is from the perspective of perception, in order to obtain the optimal result of image enhancement. In this paper, the simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively locate the desertification landscape visual image enhancement algorithm, and has a high real-time recall rate, high detection accuracy and easy computation.


Ferrite cores are often magnetized under DC-biased field because they have been intensively used in electronic circuits such as an inverter circuit and a switching regulator circuit. Thus we investigated the effects of DC-biased field on magnetic properties in the frequency range of DC-100㎑ for two kinds of ferrite cores, TDK PC38 and TDK H₃S, which have different shapes of B-H loop from each other. The magnetic loss per cycle, W/f, in the H₃S core decreased with increasing the strength of DC-biased field, although W/f in the PC38 core increased monotonically with DC-biased field. The observed decreasing tendency differs from the previous result for Si-Fe and ferrite cores, and can be attributed to decrease in eddy current loss as well as that in hysteresis loss.


This paper presents a wideband and dual-polarized antenna for LTE $(1700 \sim 2700$ MHz) base station applications. For the sake of structural simplicity, the proposed antenna only consists of a pair of crisscrossed dipoles, a reflector and two Y-shaped microstrip feeders. The crisscrossed dipoles are designed to achieve wideband and dual-polarized characteristics. Each dipole is excited by a microstrip coupling. And the reflector is used to reflect energy and obtain the ideal front-to-rear ratio. The simulated results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 53.2% (RL$\gt 10$ dB) from 1670 MHz to 2840MHz. In addition, the isolation between two polarizations input ports is higher than 30dB.


The review is devoted to a seminal event in Russian studies of Italian literature — the publication of a versified translation of Filostrato and Diana's Hunt, Boccaccio's first two works. Such a translation appears in the Russian language for the first time, thanks to the work of A. Triandafilidi and V. Oslon. Diana's Huntis Boccaccio's first completed poem in terza rima, a verse form previously used only by Dante. Filostrato holds a special place not only in Boccaccio's legacy but also inworld literature. With its Graecised title and written in ottava rima, this narrative poem marks the departure from the classical literary canon in favour of folk urban culture and features the narrative devices and types of characters that would permeate subsequent Renaissance works. At the core of the poem is the story of Troilus and Cressida, one of literature's archetypal couples of doomed lovers (along with Tristan and Isolde and Romeo and Juliet). The story later inspired Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida.


The invention provides a frozen drink, which is a frozen drink containing lily and comprises 10 to 25% by weight of sweet substance, 8 to 12% by weight of lily, 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of stabilizer, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of acidity regulator and 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of sweetener. The sweet substance is any one of or mixture of sucrose, maltose and syrup; the lily is lily pulp prepared by boiling fresh lily with water. The frozen drink has the health care functions of relieving summer-heat, producing saliva and quenching thirst, as well as clearing heat and toxins.


At the request of HQ ATC/SGPB, the USAFOEHL conducted a hazardous-waste technical-assistance survey at Brooks AFB from 30 Oct 87 to 15 Jan 88. The scope of this survey was to address hazardous waste management practices and explore opportunities for hazardous-waste-minimization. The survey team performed a shop and laboratory evaluation of chemical waste management practices as well as met with hazardous-waste managers and engineers to discuss the hazardous-waste program. Recommendations were made.


The following information was obtained on by‐product concentrations from the rf discharge of water vapor—molecular oxygen mixtures at H2O pressures from 50 to 200 μ and O2 pressures from 0 to 300 μ: the absence of the OH species below the region of 100 μ water vapor pressure, together with the absence of the O species above the region of 130‐μ water vapor pressure, the independence of the OH and O cutoff points on the amount of oxygen added to the water vapor previous to the discharge, OH enhancements of as high as a factor of 5 to 1 upon addition of sufficient oxygen to the mixture, and total OH concentration throughout the recorded pressure range of less than 1%.


This experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar to the diets contaminated by deoxynivalenol(DON) on growing performance,hematologic indexes,serum biochemical indexes and viscera indexes of weaner piglets.A total of 28 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) weaner piglets with an average body weight of(12.19±0.18) kg were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 7 replicates per group and 1 piglet in each replicate.The 4 groups were as follows: control group(a basal diet),DON group(the basal diet+DON),bamboo-carbon group(the basal diet+DON+2% bamboo-carbon) and bamboo vinegar group(the basal diet+DON+1% bamboo vinegar).The experimental period lasted for 37 d.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,average daily gain(ADG) in DON group was significantly decreased(P0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was increased significantly(P0.05);compared with the DON group,ADG and average daily feed intake(ADFI) had a increasing trend(P0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain in bamboo vinegar group had a decreasing trend(P0.05).2) On d 15 of the experiment,the red blood cell(RBC) count in DON group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P0.05),there was no significant difference in RBC count between bamboo-carbon group and control group(P0.05),but that in bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo-carbon group(P0.05);the hematocrit(HCT) in DON group and bamboo-carbon group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P0.05),and there was no significant difference between bamboo vinegar group and control group(P0.05).There were no significant differences in hematologic indexes among DON group,bamboo-carbon group,bamboo vinegar group and control group on d 30 of the experiment(P0.05).3) There were no effects on serum contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM) and glucose(GLU) and activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase(GOT) in the whole experimental period.On d 15 of the experiment,the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum in DON group and bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.05),but there were no significant differences between bamboo-carbon group and control group(P0.05).On d 30 of the experiment,the serum content of total protein(TP) in DON group was significantly decreased compared with control group and bamboo vinegar group(P0.05),but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group,bamboo vinegar group and control group(P0.05).On d 37 of the experiment,the serum content of urea nitrogen(UN) in DON group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo vinegar group(P0.05),but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group,bamboo vinegar group and control group(P0.05).4) There were no significant differences in the liver,pancreas,spleen,heart,gall bladder,thymus indexes between experiment group and control group(P0.05),but the liver index in DON group had a increasing trend,but no significant difference(P0.05).In conclusion,1)DON can reduce growth performance of weaner piglets,and the 1% bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the weaner piglets from the injury of DON toxin.2)The effects of diets contaminated by DON are more obvious in the early growing period than those in the later growing period,and the possible reason may be that the weaner piglets have certain tolerant ability to DON with the time increasing.3)DON can result in the toxicity such as the decrease of blood cell count,the increase of GPT activity and UN content,and the decrease of TP content in serum.The 2% bamboo-carbon and 1% bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the activity of GPT,the contents of UN and TP in serum to normal.It is concluded that the 2% bamboo-carbon and 1% bamboo vinegar can effectively adsorb DON toxin.


Medical diagnosis system needs prediction data on concentration of air pollutants to support making of personal decisions about outdoor activities for a day. It should extend decision made by doctor concerning medical diagnosis to decisions made by patient. Information model of outdoor air pollution prediction was presented. Information model is based on prediction model which was created and trained for prediction of nitrogen dioxide concentration. Prediction model was created using recurrent neural network based on long short term memory architecture. Experimental investigation was performed using dataset collected in Madrid during period from 2001 to 2020. Experimental investigation approved efficiency of the developed model. The created information model was developed as separate module of nitrogen dioxide concentration prediction inside medical diagnosis system.


Homobimetallic gold-selenolate complexes of the type [(Ph2R)PAuSe(C6H4)nSeAuP(Ph2R)] (3a, R = Et, n = 1; 3b, R = Et, n = 2; 5a, R = Ph, n = 1; 5b, R = Ph, n = 2) are obtained by the reaction of [Ph2RPAuCl] (1, R = Et; 4, R = Ph) with 0.5 equiv. of Me3SiSe(C6H4)nSeSiMe3 (2a, n = 1; 2b, n = 2) in good yield. Complex [(Pr3P)AuSe(C6H4)2SeAu(PPr3)] 7b can be prepared in a two-step synthesis procedure: treatment of [AuCl(SMe2)] 6 with 0.5 equiv. of Me3SiSe(C6H4)2SeSiMe3 2b gives [(Me2S)AuSe(C6H4)2SeAu(SMe2)], which further reacts with PPr3 to afford 7b. The new gold-selenolate complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 31P, 77Se) and elemental analysis. The solid state structures of 3b, 5a, and 7b were determined by single X-ray structure analysis.Key words: gold, dimer, selenolate, biphenylene, phenylene.


Abstract Nitrogen fixing potential was measured in summer 1975 by acetylene reduction in situ at 5 stations on the intertidal flats of the Waimea Inlet, Nelson, New Zealand, which receive nutrients from several sources. Highest values (644 μmol•m−2.d−1) were obtained on sediments near an apple cannery effluent discharge and were linear through at least two tidal cycles. The cannery waste had the highest carbon to nitrogen ratio (10.3 : 1.0) of all the effluents examined and exhibited the highest rate of acetylene reduction (14.0 μmol•‐l−1.d−1). Sizeable populations of the nitrogen fixing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the cannery effluent (2 × 104 per millilitre) and also from the mud adjacent to the discharge pipe (5 × 105 per millilitrc). The stimulatory effect of the cannery effluent on nitrogen fixation in the sediment was shown to be restricted to close to the discharge point. Sediments in areas affected by slaughterhouse and sewage effluents exhibited the second and third highest ...


The therapeutic value of Curcuma longa commonly known as turmeric has been recognized in different systems of traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases and human ailments. It belongs to the family zingiberaceae and contains several phyto constituents. Several studies using modern techniques have authenticated its use as anti inflamatory, antimicrobial, antifertility, anticancer, antidiabetic and antioxidant. Most importantly, the plant has shown to possess anti HIV activity which could be of great value to combat AIDS particularly in third world countries. The aim of this study was to find the antifungal activity of the extract of Curcuma longa root obtained by sequential extraction using solvents of varying polarity. The plant material (root) was dried at room temperature, powdered in an electric grinder and extracted with dichloromethane followed by ethyl acetate and ethanol. Antifungal bioassay was done using agar well diffusion method against Aspergillus sp, Tricoderma sp, Alternaria sp, Collectrichum sp and Fusarium sp. Mancozeb was used at 0.02g/10ml concentration as positive control and each solvent was as negative control. Each solvent was used to dissolve the crude extract. The plates were incubated at 37C and diameter of inhibition zones were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. All samples were tested twice and mean values were recorded. Crude extract was used as 10 mg/200ml. The root extracts of Curcuma longa indicated the presence of tannins, terpenoids, flavanoids and saponins and does not indicate the presence of alkaloids, pholobatannins, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Ethanol crude extract of roots of Curcuma longa showed highest inhibition zone against Tricoderma sp (28.5mm). This was close to the inhibition zone of mancozeb (27mm). A 22.5mm inhibition zone was observed for the ethanol crude extract of root of Curcuma longa against Alternaria sp. Further studies should be directed towards the isolation of these bio active compounds and investigation of their potential in the treatment of fungal infections.


Describes construction of facilities for storage and processing of North Sea oil on the Shetland Islands. When completed, this plant will have a design throughput of 2 million bbl (0.3 million m/sup 3/) of oil per day, making it the largest oil terminal in Europe. Prefabrication was necessary because skilled labor was not available on the remote islands coupled with the site conditions (abundant rain, high winds). It was calculated that the additional labor required on the site for conventional construction would have extended the construction time by about 9 months. Since the weather would have extended construction by a further 3 to 4 months, modular construction reduced the construction period by about a year and enabled the 3 1/2 year construction period to be maintained. Three case studies of pre-assembled units are given in the appendix.


The aim of this paper is to report findings of an empirical study on perceptions and expectations of internal stakeholders towards social responsibility (SR) in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) regarding three gaps: i) between perceptions and expectations of internal stakeholders regarding social responsibility of HEI; ii) between practices implemented and internal stakeholders' perceptions' on which of these SR practices are in place in their institutions; iii) between practices implemented in the context of HEI social responsibility and internal stakeholders' expectations on which practices they believe that should be implemented in their institutions. A self-report study was conducted with a total sample of 142 participants (students, staff and faculty members) from two Portuguese HEIs. Contributions of this study are threefold: firstly, it contributes to the literature by empirically testing perception and expectations gaps regarding HEIs' social responsibility practices from the perspectives of three different internal stakeholders in two HEI settings; secondly it discusses mechanisms that allow greater participation of internal stakeholders in the definition of social responsibility strategies; thirdly, it discusses the implications for the design of HEIs' communication and marketing strategies that might bridge the gaps between what the HEIs provide in terms of SR practices versus what internal stakeholders perceive and expect as such.


While the Xianshuihe fault displays continuous creeping behavior, it is also the most seismically active fault in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and its earthquake mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aim at the stick‐slip portion of the creeping Qianning segment of the Xianshuihe fault to determine the characteristics of fault rocks and how fluids at depth influence fault behavior. Field survey, optical and scanning electron microscope observations, X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses, as well as carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were performed on the collected samples. The fault core consists of 3–5 cm‐thick black fault gouge and ∼2.5 m‐thick breccia, surrounded by ∼12 m damage zone. In contrast to fault breccia (1–8 cm in diameter), the black fault gouge, which represents the principal slip zone of repeated seismic events, contains angular quartz particles (∼10 μm on average) and clays dominated by illite. The fluid‐rock interactions altering silica minerals into illite, and the thermal decomposition of carbonate minerals, passively increase the relative content of quartz and feldspar (total 63%–73%) in the fault gouge. The deeply sourced CO2 (from mantle and metamorphic degassing) within the hydrothermal fluids causes carbonate precipitation in breccias (21%–53%), composed of calcite, dolomite, and aragonite. These fluid‐assisted reactions lead to more abundant strong mineral phases (quartz, feldspar, and carbonates, 64%–87%) than weak clays (12%–36%) within the fault core, and locally strengthen the fault, which inhibits slow release of stress at shallow depth and promotes seismic rupture of the fault.


Abstract: Based on the systematic analysis of the coal gangue in Weibei Coalfield, such as petrologic characteristics, chemical composition, nutrient elements, deleterious elements, and the transformation, and compared with the soil element content background values of Loess Plateau and national harmful materials controlling standards, we conclude that the coal gangue in the Weibei Coalfield has huge potential to be used as clay fertilizer.


Land plants have developed intricate metabolic pathways which involve production of reactive aldehydes and its detoxification to survive harsh terrestrial environments. Aldehydes, being an integral part of carbon metabolism, energy generation and signalling pathways, are ingrained in plant physiology. Here, we show that physiologically abundantly produced aldehydes i.e., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal in addition to acetaldehyde, generate adducts with aminoacyl-tRNAs, a substrate for protein synthesis. Plants are unique in possessing two distinct chiral proofreading systems, D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase1 (DTD1) and DTD2, of bacterial and archaeal origins, respectively. Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that only archaeal DTD2 can remove the stable D-aminoacyl adducts on tRNA thereby shielding archaea and plants from these system-generated aldehydes. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, we have shown that the loss of DTD2 gene renders plants susceptible to these toxic aldehydes as they generate stable alkyl modification on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, which are recycled only by DTD2. Bioinformatic analysis identifies the expansion of aldehyde metabolising repertoire in land plant ancestors which strongly correlates with the recruitment of archaeal DTD2. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of DTD2 offers better protection against aldehydes than in wild-type Arabidopsis highlighting its role as a multi-aldehyde detoxifier that can be used as a transgenic crop development strategy.


Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technology which uses a heat source (laser) to sinter or fuse atomized powder particles together. A new layer of powder is spread over the previous layer using a roller, and then the laser power fuses them. This mechanism is repeated until the part model is completed. To reduce the time, effort, and cost, the present study incorporated the design of an experimental approach conjoined with finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the LPBF process. A three-dimensional (3D) bi-material model was subjected to FEA with variations in temporal and spatial material characteristics. A Gaussian moving heat source model for the multi-scanning of a single layer was developed to understand the effect of process parameters, namely laser power, scan speed, and scan pattern on melt pool dimensions. Although, similar simulation models have been reported in the literature, the majority of these did not consider parametric variations. A few studies adopted multiple parameters which varied simultaneously, but the major limitation of these studies was that most of them did not consider multiple characteristics under a constrained environment. In the present research, the multi-parameter multi-level simulation study was performed to understand the process mechanism with fewer simulations. Results showed that the studied dimensions were sensitive to parameter setting, and that temperature variation within the melt pool was dependant on the material phase in the vicinity of the melt pool. This research proposed that melt pool dimensions must be accurately controlled for optimum process performance to achieve proper overlap between the adjacent scan lines and sufficient depth to complete bonding with the bottom layer. Since the involved criteria were of a conflicting nature, the problem of determining a single factor setting to obtain the desired results was solved using grey relational analysis (GRA). It was found that, among all the considered process parameters, scan velocity was the most significant one. This research recommended a maximum scan velocity i.e., v = 1.5 m/s, with a minimum laser power i.e., P = 80 W. In addition, it was also suggested that low energy density be used to melt the powder layer properly.


Facing short of the marrow contributer,renege on a promis at will and the legal standard flaw,from law angle view,recognize the nature is the contract behavior,has the legal binding force to the litigant,analysis its person and gradual characteristic,the reasonable disposition contributer to ablish the power willfully,beneficiary'sdamage compensate request power and donee's public responsibility,by right restriction right,right and voluntary coordination, maintain right balance,It is important to maintenance marrow contribution public welfare and development benignity.


Anatase nanoparticles were obtained through a modified sol–gel route from titanium isopropoxide modified with acetic acid in order to control hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The modification of Ti(OiPr)4 with acetic acid reduces the availability of groups that hydrolyze and condense easily through the formation of a stable complex whose structure was determined to be Ti(OCOCH3)(OiPr)2 by means of FTIR and 13C NMR. The presence of this complex was confirmed with FTIR in the early stages of the process. A doublet in 1542 and 1440 cm−1 stands for the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the carboxylic group coordinated to Ti as a bidentate ligand. The gap of 102 cm−1 between these signals suggests that acetate acts preferentially as a bidentate rather than as a bridging ligand between two titanium atoms. The use of acetic acid as modifier allows the control of both the degree of condensation and oligomerization of the precursor and leads to the preferential crystallization of TiO2 in the ...


The Department of technology of elevation of Vinnytsia National Technical University, developed and produced research installation for the gasdynamic application of functional coatings. The principle of its action is based on the fact that the powder particles are dispersed to high velocities close to the speed of sound, and in contact with the lining come with her in molecular bonding and are able to form a strong connection with the latest and between the particles of the powder. In this case, the temperature of the particulate particles that are sprayed is lower than the melting point. There have been studied regularities of formation of shapes, spraying, its profile and size depending on the distance of spraying. It has been found out that the figure of spraying is almost symmetrical relative to its axis and its profile in the General case can be described by the law of the Gaussian distribution. Gaussian distribution with a uniquely describes the profile shape spraying. The average cumulative relative accuracy Gaussian function does not exceed 9,5 %. According to the results there have been built graphic dependences of geometric parameters of the shape spraying from a distance of spraying. Is has been found that with increased height figures spraying up to 0,4 mm is optimum will step between adjacent passages will be 56 % of the diameter of the basics figure spraying. With increasing height to 0,54 mm optimal step between passages decreases and is 48 % of the diameter of the basics figure spraying. Based on the results of the study there have been suggested engineering calculation modes of coating. It is established that the formation of the shape deposition occurs in accordance with the law of the normal distribution and the dimensions of the shape deposition depend on distance of spraying. Method of calculation modes of coating allows to define, depending on the performance of the evaporation device, speed, move the device along the details, the speed of rotation of details, the required amount of powder to cover set surface, while spraying. The particular example of calculation modes of spraying is given.


ABSTRACT The tropical cyclone (TC) forecast verification procedure followed by India Meteorological Department (IMD) is reviewed herewith as compared to the standard prescribed by World Meteorological Organisation. The limitations in the present procedure and the future scope are presented and analysed. The IMD has considerably increased its efforts in recent years in the areas of TC forecasting and verification. Many facilities have been developed to enable a detailed assessment of the global model's performance in the forecasting of TCs as well as operational TC forecast performance. Further development of these facilities is being undertaken by IMD. There are grey areas in TC forecast verification of IMD in the field of calculation of forecast error in surface wind radii in geographical quadrants, which is yet to start. Also there is need for improvement in verification of storm surge, wave height, coastal inundation forecasts and heavy rainfall forecasts by calculating the skill parameters and also by improving the analysis data required for verification of forecasts. Similarly there is need for verification of strike probability as well as dynamical cone of uncertainty as given by ensemble prediction system.


Erythropoietin is a cytokine that is commonly associated with its role as a hormonal stimulator of erythropoiesis. Recombinant human erythropoietin is used to correct anemia in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Ischemic preconditioning is a powerful endogenous protective phenomenon in which brief episodes of ischemia induce protection against future, lethal ischemia. Despite the intensive investigation, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic preconditioning are not well known. Erythropoietin has been suggested as another endogenous mediator of ischemic preconditioning since it is produced after ischemic or hypoxic insults. In order to determine its cardioprotective effects, we examined the effects of acute and chronic administration of erythropoietin on occlusion-induced arrhythmias in anesthetized rats in the present study. Erythropoietin produced marked antiarrhythmic effects with reduction in ventricular tachycardia, abolition of ventricular fibrillation and attenuation of arrhythmia scores. üur results showed that erythropoietin itself was able to induce preconditioning and preserved the cardioprotective effects of ischemic and carbachol-induced pharmacological preconditioning. Chronic erythropoietin administration generated hypertension and this effect was markedly augmented in the presence of Nü synthase inhibitor L-NAME. However, L-NAME did not inhibit the cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin in anesthetized rats. Although plasma Nü levels was markedly reduced with L-NAME, chronic erythropoietin led to an increased in Nü levels. Erythropoietin could also act protectively by upregulating enzymes that scavenge oxygen radicals. Therefore, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase enzyme levels were measured in the present study, but no changes were observed. There were marked inhibitions in malondialdehyde and lactate levels in all groups when compared to control. These results suggest that erythropoietin is able to protect heart against ventricular arrhythmias and can produce cardiac preconditioning.


The set of integral equations for the meson-meson scattering amplitude is solved. An integral equation for the ampliiude which depends only on one variable is obtained se a direct mathematical corollary of this set. (auth)


Paraphrasing Galatians 6:2, the Catholic philosopher Józef Tischner explained that solidarity "means to carry the burden of another person." He preached these words during the Solidarity movement's First National Convention in Kraków, Poland on October 19, 1980.2 Tischner subsequently described the events unfolding before his eyes in his book Etyka solidarności. A 10 million strong movement of people from diverse walks of life fought for the rights of citizens and workers, leading eventually to Communism's demise. Solidarność accomplished this without shedding blood. Although one can find other influences on the movement, Solidarność explicitly acknowledged an intellectual and moral debt to Catholic social teaching (CST). Over the last one hundred and fifty years, CST developed perhaps the most robust theoretical understanding of solidarity and called for a world imbued by it.3 Even though it withered after 1989, Solidarność has been among the most successful social movements to embody the Catholic ethic of solidarity to date. To the participants it was an unparalleled time of moral and spiritual unity. The victory of these downtrodden workers


Objectives The study was performed to assess the left ventricular(LV) regional and global diastolic function,left ventricular wall motion features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI). Me- thods 42 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 36 age matched normal subjects underwent TVI studied. Off-line LV regional muscular tissue velocity imaging along LV aplcal long-axis view were obtained. Regional diastolic function was assessed by peak tissue velocities of LV regional muscular tissue during early diastole(Ve) and LA contraction(Va),Ve/Va ratio, derived from tissue velocity imaging. LV global diastolic function was reflected by isovolumic relaxation time(IRT) and mitral valve peak flow velocity(E/A) calculated with pulsed wave doppler, the end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSt) was measured by conventional 2-dimension echocardiography. Results ①Ve?Va?Ve/Va in interventricular septum significantly reduced wlhile E/A ratio significantly reduced and IRT markedly prolonged in HCM patients than in normal subjects. ②Ve?Ve/Va significantly reduced in the region of hypertrophic interventricular septum(IVS) compared with other LV segments in HCM patients. ③There was a correlation between Ve/Va and E/A in HCM patients with abnormal E/A ratio(r=0.70). ④There was a negative correlation between Ve/Va and IVSt in non-obstruction HCM patients(B group, r=-0.61). Conclusions QTVI offer a newer method in clinical practice which have a higher sensibility and accuracy in evaluating the LV regional and global diastolic function in HCM patients.


This paper focuses on the impact of fear emotion upon technology adoption by educators and students during Covid-19 pandemic. Mobile learning (m-learning) has been applied as the educational social platform within higher education institutes, public as well as private. The research hypotheses were associated with the Covid-19 influence on m-learning adoption with the rise of the coronavirus increasing types of fear. Such fears include fear caused by the education failure, family lockdown, and loss of social relationships. Teachers and students are mostly fearful of these aspects of the situation. An integrated model was established within the research, using theoretical models; the Planned Behavior theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Expectation-Confirmation Model. The proposed integrated model (using PLS-SEM software) was analyzed using an online survey data, with 420 respondents from Zayed University, UAE. The findings indicated that attitude was the best predictor for using the m-learning system, followed by continuous intention, expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, ease-of-use, perceived fear, behavioral control, and satisfaction. According to the research, during the coronavirus pandemic, if the m-learning system is adopted for educational reasons, the learning and teaching outcome proves quite promising. Yet there is a fear of the family being stressed, or of loss of friends, and also a fear of the results of future schooling. It is therefore necessary to assess the students efficiently during this pandemic so that the situation can be managed emotionally.


[Objective]To observe two fairy,two to small bupleurum decoction treatment of menopausal syndrome curative effect[.Methods]57 cases of outpatient and inpatient using two fairy,two to small bupleurum tonga subtraction(Xianmao,Xianlingpi,Nvzhenzi each 15 ~ 30g,Hanliancao,Chaihu,Huangchen,Yujin each 15g,Danshen,Longgu,Muli 30g,Zhigancao 10g).1/d,boiling water 200 ml,2 times/d.Continuous treatment of 14 d to 1 course of treatment.Observation of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions.Continuous treatment 2 period of treatment,judge curative effect[.Results]Kupperman scale:control in 5 cases,25 cases were markedly effective,effective 18 cases,9 no effect,the total effective rate was 84.21%.Unique table:control in 5 cases,30 cases were markedly effective,effective 15 cases,7 cases,the total effective rate was 87.72%[.Conclusion] The fairy,two to small bupleurum decoction treatment of menopausal syndrome effect is good.


Self-organized criticality is an important theory widely used in various domain such as a variety of industrial accidents, power system, punctuated equilibrium in biology etc.. The Critical Group of the graph is mainly focused on the Abelian sandpile model of self-organized criticality, whose order is the number of spanning trees in the graph, and which is closely connected with the graph Laplacian matrix. In this paper, the main tools will be the computation for Smith normal form of an integer matrix, which can be achieved by the implementation of a series of row and column operations in the ring Ζ of integers. Hence, the structure of the critical group on the vertex corona is determined and it is shown that the Smith normal form is the direct sum of n (m-1)+1cyclic groups. Furthermore, it follows from Kirchooffs Matrix Tree Theorem that the number of spanning trees of the Graph is n (m+1)n (m-1).


Seasonal heat storage has great potential to enable renewable heating and seasonal load shifting. Nevertheless, it remains an on going challenge today. The benefits of sorption heat storage are fonud in the potentially lossless storage, when not including charging and discharging processes, and the prospective of greater volumetric energy densities compared to water. In sorption heat storage not sensible heat is stored, but the potential to regain heat. In the framework of the EU funded project COMTES a closed sorption heat storage demonstrator based on sodium hydroxide as sorbent and water as sorbate was developed and built. The built demonstrator operates on a hybrid basis. Heat is stored in sensible hot water tanks for diurnal storage and in the sorption heat storage system for seasonal storage. This grants the possibility to utilise the benefits of both systems, namely low charging and discharging losses in sensible storage and low heat losses during storage time in sorption storage. The complete system is built into a 7 m long shipping container. A solar collector field with an active area of 18 m 2 mounted on the container serves to cover the total heat demand. The central component of the sorption system is the interconnected absorber and desorber (AD) and evaporator and condenser (EC) unit. Both units are built as tube bundle falling film heat and mass exchangers similar to a solar thermal chiller. In initial operation with water, 6 kW of water vapour equivalent could be transported from desorber to condenser with a temperature difference between desorber and condenser of approximately 30 K. Nevertheless, absorption tests with sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 50 wt% showed much lower power output below 1 kW. It was found that even though absorption occurred, the process of water vapour absorption is slower than expected. The sodium hydroxide flows over the tube bundle with little water gained, thus releasing little heat. Results from this work and further testing of the speed of absorption have shown that novel heat and mass exchangers are required for sorption heat storage applications.


Theory predicts that life history traits that reduce the impact of environmental variation show patterns of negative covariation (trade-offs). In plants, seed size, seed dormancy and dispersal (in space) interact to reduce risk in a temporally and spatially variable environment. Dispersal in time and space permits escape from unfavourable conditions, whereas a large seed size may improve establishment under unfavourable conditions. However, large seeds may suffer a high rate of loss due to seed predators. The objective of this study was to examine relationships between seed size, seedling establishment and seed dormancy by combining data from field experiments with information of phylogenetic relationships among 11 species in the subfamily Rosoideae (Rosaceae). The predicted relationship between seed size and seed predation was also examined. Emergence from seed, survival and recruitment of seedlings, effects of seed predators (post-dispersal predation), and seed dormancy were studied experimentally in the field. All species generated seedlings in the experimental plots. Overall, the emergence of seedlings was promoted by disturbance. Several species possessed seeds that were able to germinate after being buried in the soil column for three years. Despite a small data set (ten phylogenetically independent contrasts), the comparative analysis confirmed an expected positive effect of seed size on establishment ability. The emergence of seedlings increased with seed size. The results did not demonstrate the hypothesised positive association between seed size and predation risk, or negative association between seed size and seed dormancy. However, the contrast analysis showed a significant negative relationship between seed dormancy and survivorship of seedlings, i.e. between quantitative data of dormancy and establishment capacity of the species obtained under natural conditions in the field. When not controlling for phylogeny (without contrasts), the only significant effect was a negative association between seed size and seed dormancy.


This paper presents the automated method for detecting the discontinuity in map of isoclinics indigital photoelasticity. The method of detection involves the use of three phase maps, i.e., map of isoclinicsin the range 0 to +π/2, map of isoclinics in the range -π/4 to +π/4, and map of modulated intensity. Theresult obtained from the application of the method to the fringe patterns of a circular disk under three-radialcompressions and a split ring under eccentrically compression obtained on the basis of the phase-shiftingtechnique shows that the positions of discontinuities (isotropic points, singular points, and poles) can beeasily found with the use of the scanning process and the doublet and/or triplet functions. Keywords : Digital Photoelasticity / Discontinuity / Isoclinics


This paper clarifies the change in international technology standardization as a change in innovation. The change comes to be shown in how to take the consensus standard. The tendency to standardize the systematized concept is a rather arduous and complex endeavor. This paper focuses on Mitsubishi Electric Corporation as such a case. The results interpreted from the approach of closed innovation, open innovation, and social innovation. The following findings are clarified by. 1) The consensus standardization is open innovation in which the enterprise creates value. 2) When the value creation is large, the possibility of the maximization of such value capture that achieves the earnings acquisition can be improved. 3. The innovation of the consensus standardization is reciprocal for the stakeholder. The possibility for open and social innovation to supplement the success in innovation mutual and to achieve an effect is suggested.


As we know that history is series of events that occurred which its presence must be motivated by specific causes. History does not appear immediately and stand alone without anyone arousing it. It can be said that history has a prologue and epilogue, because not all of the events that happened in the past can be recorded by history. In this topic being discussed, a crusade became the reality of the history of mankind, which had taken more or less for two hundred years. The War was the greatest conflict of two religions in the world which was between Islam that held the power at that time in part of Europe, North Africa and Asia, against the followers of Christianity who tried to seize the city of Jerusalem, which at that time ruled by Islam, the postscript is a holy city for them. Islam and Christianity are the major religions in the world that their religious teachings heavily loaded with the values of peace, tolerance and social relationships. Both in the Qur'an and Gospel, there are a lot of passages of calls for tolerance, peace and social relations. This creates a question, why the war should happen, in terms of Islam encountered in a call for dialogue with the People of the Book in a good way, as well as in Christianity which is expressed as a neighbor. Islam also considers that the Christians are a people who are closest to the Islamic ummah, and both religions actually are brothers, free from hostility and enmity.


The present invention discloses a vacuum circuit breaker for 126kV one kind of buffer, which buffer includes a piston cylinder, and movement of the piston rod; and said rod end portions thereof are fixed to the movement of the piston in the piston cylinder is provided internal; the piston cylinder by the cylinder bottom up sequentially provided with a plurality of bottom orifice, the central orifice, the orifice and the top of the upper orifice. The buffer of the invention has a very high velocity component just can be reduced breaking arcing time is short; and having a relatively small average speed of opening for holding field strength between the contacts, to ensure stable homogeneous combustion of the arc, possible to increase the breaking performance of the arc extinguishing chamber length.


This chapter concerns positive political theory (PPT) within the context of comparative administrative law. In general, PPT posits that governmental actors—whether elected or appointed—have preferences over policy outcomes, respond rationally to incentives produced within their political and institutional environments, and anticipate the actions and preferences of other influential players in the policy-making game. In this light, the chapter first describes the application of PPT to the delegation of discretionary power to administrative agencies in the US. It then reviews the literature that has extended PPT to understand the design and performance of administrative agencies in other governmental systems and through comparative analysis, including in parliamentary and authoritarian governments. Lastly, the chapter addresses issues of corruption and transparency in government, and concludes with recommendations regarding fruitful avenues for future research.


The authors describe a technique for extensive anterior approach to the thoracolumbar spine (T10 -L5), to which 100 patients with surgical indication for correcting orthopedic anomalies were submitted. The anatomical structures involved in surgical procedures are analyzed and discussed. Results have shown that this extensive anterior approach to the thoracolumbar spine a) allows the aimed approach in 100% for the cases, making easier the arthopedic management necessary to the correction of the spine deformity to be treated; b) makes possible to avoid transoperative complications from the knowledge of anatomical structures exposed in the surgical field, except for the sympathetic trunk, in which lesion can occur in 70% of cases; and c) presents a low rate (2%) of post operative complications. It is suggested that this technique for extensive anterior approach to the thoracolumbar spine should be used, independently of the extension of the clinically diagnosed affected area.


A new PWM method for voltage source inverters is described. The switching instants determination of the proposed PWM scheme is simple. Therefore, hardware Implementation with a microprocessor system is easy and high frequency operation of an inverter can be obtained. The maximum line-to-line output voltage of a 3-phase inverter with the proposed scheme is larger than that of the SPWM inverter under a linear modulation region Principle of the proposed PWM method is described and harmonic characteristic analysis is carried out.


At present, the whole world including Indonesia is facing a disruptive era where the change is happened continuously, very fast, unpredictable and complex. Competition that is no longer linear makes companies must be able to make business models more innovative and disturbing strategies. Therefore, companies in Indonesia need the leaders who have the ability to see disruptive era as a challenging opportunity to grow and innovate not as a troublesome burden. The formation of ambidextrous abilities is believed built from the leader's mindset and will have an impact on their actions and choices: disrupting or disrupted. The research objectives are to known the impact of disruptive mindset to the ambidextrous abilities and the influence to company's performance in the disruptive era. The analysis method used is PLS (Partial Least Square) with sample of 85 respondents. The research results show that ambidextrous abilities are affected by disruptive mindset, company's performance is affected by ambidextrous abilities, and the company's performance is affected by disruptive mindset directly and indirectly.


SPR based sensing techniques utilize a spectroscopy for transducing biomolecular binding events to variations in spectra. This label-free and real-time technique has widely applied for conducting biomedical research. In this study, we present a spectroscopy-based SPR system for monitoring binding between human serum albumin and nucleic acid library. Compared with conventional SPR technique, this novel system utilizes cost-effective nanostructured arrays and a portable UV-Vis spectrometer. These advantages enable a promising development of a portable analytical device for widespread applications. Meanwhile, multispectral analysis used here also helps increase the sensitivity, and thus transducing the binding event to optical signal efficiently. The result demonstrates that this cost-effective and portable system could be applied for a future application of selecting target aptamer. Moreover, we also present surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on the nanostructured arrays in a label-free approach. This integration of multiple spectroscopy technologies is utilized for conducting genome research efficiently.


A dataset consisting of 51 stations over the Iberian Peninsula recording soil temperatures at 5 different depths (5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm) is presented. Records start in the oldest sites at the beginning of the 1980s and continue until nowadays with a temporal resolution that varies with the subsurface level at which data are registered: 00, 07, 13 and 18 h for the top 4 levels and at 18 h for the two deepest ones.


The ideal public sphere for Habermas is "bourgeois public sphere", or a liberal public. In The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1961), Habermas analyzes in detail the process of bourgeois public sphere gaining political functions, and discusses its practical significance: (1) instead of using violence, we can solve political problems through reason, and achieve rationalization of political and economical activities through the rationalization of communication; (2) it endows self-regulatory mechanism of civil society with regularized status, and realizes a kind of state power adapting to civil society through publicity.


The invention discloses a packaging process of radiation type chips and a structure thereof. The packaging process of radiation type chips at least comprises the following steps of firstly, providing a base batten containing at least one batten unit, then arranging at least one chip on the upper surface of the batten unit which is electrically connected with the chip, further, proving prepreg material and a radiation metal layer, wherein the radiation metal layer is arranged on a first surface of the prepreg material and a second surface of the prepreg material points at the chip, and lastly, press-fitting the prepreg material and the batten unit to enable the prepreg material to be covered on the chip.


It is of great importance to be cautious with stock information, in an iron ore production process, so that the balances indicated in computerized systems are accurate with the stored physical balances. In this context, the objective of this work is twofold: at first, it aims to answer the following question: How to minimize the deviations between physical and accounting stock, of the product Pellet feed Especial, in the production and shipping stages of a mining company located in the southeast of the state Pará, through the application of the PDCA methodology and tools for quality improvement? And, in a second step, it aims to provide the company, particularly the sector involved, with quality tools so that they can be applied continuously to improve the studied process. However, after observing an initial improvement in Quality, the process subsequently presented measures outside the specification limits. Finally, a new analysis and quantitative investigation of variables not yet considered was carried out, proposing the continuation of the study to achieve more satisfactory results, in particular, regarding the reduction of divergences in the production process addressed.


This article presents the solutions for displacements and stress of layered generalized Gibson subgrade subjected to an axisymmetric surface load. We assume that the material has constant Poisson's ratios (μ=0.5), and its shear moduli varies linearly with depth. During the solutions, the Hankel transform in a cylindrical co-ordinate system is employed. The relationship between the solution and half-space solution is also examined and discussed. At last, the analysis flow is presented .