Holey Fe-Anderson-type polyoxometalate/polyaniline/graphene (PPG) hybrid materials were first prepared by anchoring Anderson-type polyoxometalates [FeMo6O[Formula: see text]H6][Formula: see text] (FeMo[Formula: see text] onto graphene modified with polyaniline via a facile hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared materials exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 1366 F g[Formula: see text] at 1 A g[Formula: see text] and outstanding cycling stability (97.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycle times). The uptake of polyaniline/FeMo6 nanoparticles on graphene not only provided the pseudocapacitance but also weakened the aggregation between the graphene layers, resulting in a higher surface area compared with pure graphene. In addition, the AC//PPG-15 asymmetric supercapacitor device showed a high energy density of 24.65[Formula: see text]W h kg[Formula: see text] at a low power density of 326.25[Formula: see text]W kg[Formula: see text] and good cycling stability (94.82% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). Hence, the as-prepared PPG hybrid materials in this work possess tremendous potential as electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.


In the course of an agrochemical random screening test of 1-alkylpyrazole-4-carboxamide analogs showing herbicidal activity, it was discovered that some 1-alkyl-3-sulfonyloxypyrazole-4-carboxamides exhibited high insecticidal activity. These derivatives were readily synthesized through the reaction of various amines with mixed anhydrides of pyrazole-4-carboxylic acids. All pyrazole-4-carboxamides synthesized were evaluated for insecticidal activity and their structure–activity relationships are discussed. It was found that introduction of a methyl or an ethyl group at the 1-position of the pyrazole ring increased insecticidal activity, in particular, introduction of a methylsulfonyloxy group on the pyrazole ring at the 3-position induced potent activity. The level of activity varied with N-substituents of the carbamoyl group at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring. An α-branched alkyl group, such as an isopropyl or a sec-butyl group on the amide nitrogen atom, demonstrated the highest level of activity. Among the compounds evaluated, N-sec-butyl-1-methyl-3-methylsulfonyloxypyrazole-4-carboxamide showed the highest activity against Nephotettix cincticeps, and exhibited moderate activity against both adults and eggs of Tetranychus urticae. Interestingly, substitution of a cyano group induced a higher level of acaricidal activity, while N-(3-cyanopentan-3-yl)-1-methyl-3-methylsulfonyloxypyrazole-4-carboxamide gave excellent activity against T. urticae as well as N. cincticeps.


The aim of this review is to identify which types of selected medicinal plants for phytochemical characteristics were analyzed and which one is not analyzed as Ethiopian levels. In this review, the most traditional medicinal plant species found and used in Ethiopia are chosen. The state of the phytochemical characteristics of selected medicinal plants was stated under the literature. The qualitative phytochemical characteristics, some of which are the most important phytochemicals such as Tannins, Alkaloids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroids, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Phlobatannins, Anthraquinones, and Reducing Sugars are studied by researcher. Most studies reviled that some phytochemical properties present in some medicinal plants while some of phytochemical properties are absent in some medicinal plants as well as the phytochemical properties of some species were studied like Opuntia ficusindica (L.) Miller (Yebereha Kulkual), Eucalyptus globules Labill (Nech Bahir Zaf), Cordia Africana Lam. (Wanza), Foeniculum vulgare. (Ensilal). However, some most important phytochemical properties of medicinal plants like Barleria eranthemoides R. Br. Ex C. B. Cl. (Yesetaf), Premna schimperi Engl. (Chocho), Capparis tomentosa L. (Gumero), Tragia pungens (Forssk.) Mull. Arg. (Ablalit) and Cymbopogonsp. (Serdo), Tribulus terrestris L. (Kurinchit) are not studied in Ethiopia. This review has shown that traditional medicinal plants those phytochemical properties are not studied have various medicinal purpose like treating mastitis, preventing boils, Haemorrhoids, congestion, headache, hepatitis, liver, vertigo, stomatitis, kidneys, liver, and vision for treating anemia, hemorrhoid coughs, fluxes, and stomatitis in most animals and human beings. So that identifying the plants based on the investigation and analysis of phytochemical properties of such plant species are more important as Ethiopian levels.


This paper investigates the stability of a class of nonlinear time-delay systems, and proposes a number of new results. Firstly, an equivalent time-delay Hamiltonian system is obtained for this class of systems by means of the generalized Hamiltonian realization (GHR). Then, based on the equivalent form, several sufficient conditions in term of matrix inequalities are derived for the stability analysis of the nonlinear time-delay systems by constructing suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functionals. Study of several illustrative examples shows that the results obtained in this paper have less conservatism, and work very well in the stability analysis of some nonlinear time-delay systems.


The growth of relevant telematics technology has enabled OEM companies to equip today's vehicles with embedded computing platforms and advance wireless technology. As a result, general purpose telematics applications such as automatic parking space search, automated toll collection and collaborative collision avoidance are highly promising. However, the deployment of such telematics application on a rapid and dependable scale over nomadic computing and ad-hoc networks is proving to be extremely difficult. In this paper, the authors introduce a new framework that integrates JINI technology with mobile agents to enable aforementioned telematics applications to meet those deployment challenges.


Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) encoded by ε4 allele is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 carriers have accelerated amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) deposition in their brains, which may account for their unusual susceptibility to AD. We hypothesized that the accelerated Aβ deposition in the brain of apoE4 carriers is mediated through cholesterol‐enriched low‐density membrane (LDM) domains. Thus, the concentrations of Aβ and various lipids in LDM domains were quantified in the brains of homozygous apoE3 and apoE4 knock‐in (KI) mice, and in the brains of those mice bred with β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice (Tg2576). The Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations and the Aβ42 proportions in LDM domains did not differ between apoE3 and apoE4 KI mice up to 18 months of age. The Aβ40 concentration in the LDM domains was slightly, but significantly higher in apoE3/APP mice than in apoE4/APP mice. The lipid composition of LDM domains was modulated in an apoE isoform‐specific manner, but its significance for Aβ deposition remains unknown. These data show that the apoE isoform‐specific effects on the Aβ concentration in LDM domains do not occur in KI mouse models.


When a patient decides to forego life-sustaining treatment it can be a challenging situation for all parties involved. Patients who have decision-making capacity have the right to accept or refuse ...


This article explores the meaning and characteristics of Indians' wills, recorded in the notary offices of different regions in the Americas. The main source of study are the documentary collections of wills published in Mexico, Colombia and Chile. The article also draws support from studies based on documents written in Ecuador and Peru, opening a new window for the comprehension of the complex cultural, social and economic processes the indigenous populations went through due to the conquest period.


Diphenylether herbicides have been used for the pre emergence weed control in rice field of Japan. Among them, NIP and CNP were most popular because of their low toxicities to fish and their wide spectra against various weeds.1,2) The residue analyses of NIP and CNP have been carried out by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (EC-GLC).3.4) However, the traditional methods need tedious clean-up procedures to remove impurities. Previously, we reported a simple method to determine a fungicide in soil using single ion monitoring (SIM) mass spectrometry without complicated clean-up or gas chromatographic separation procedures.5) In this paper, this method was extended to NIP and CNP in soil and the ppm levels of these herbicides were determined. The comparison of the EC-GLC method to this SIM method were also conducted using the same samples.


A serological study was performed in August of 2001 to May of 2002, in 420 animals distributed in 42 properties localized in 11 municipalities of the main milk producing regions in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of the infection by CAEV, and its distribution ln these herds. According to the IOGA test, the prevalence of infected animals by CAEV was estimated ln 10.95% (± 1.52%). ln a total of 42 herds tested, 57.14% presented at least, one positive animal, being found positive animals at all municipalities researched. The stratification of the sample according to the sex, did not permit to prove associations among these characteristics and positivity to CAEV, as there was no association between the positivity to CAEV and age range. According to these discoveries, efforts are recommended to the implantation of a strategic program to the.se dairy goat herds, as transit control and serologic attendance with slaughter or immobilization of the positive animals.


In extensive injuries of the lower limbs, skin closure is very difficult. At Fukuoka University Hospital, we examined 32 cases which had undergone reconstructive surgery involving skin and soft tissue defect of the lower extremity between June 1988 and August 1990. Patients include 24 males and 8 females whose mean age was 38.3 years. Causes: 12 cases involved in open fractures, 9 cases of softtissue injuries, 5 cases with chronic osteomyelitis, 3 in burn-ulcer victims, 2 ulcered from I. V. drip infusion, and 1 involved in a skin flap donor site. Reconstruction methods varied from fascio-cutaneous flaps in 15 cases, including cutaneous arterial flaps and septo-cutaneous. 12 cases had split thickness skin grafts. 6 cases were treated with conventional local skin flaps. 3 cases had micro-vascular free flap surgery. One case had cross leg flap. Postsurgical complications included partial skin necrosis in half of the conventional local skin flap method cases, necessitating another operation. One of the three free flap method cases slough totally due to thrombosis of the anastomosis side of the vein. Only one of the 15 fascio-cutaneous flaps suffered from partial necrosis. We concluded that the most convenient, most successful, fastest healing, and safest method is the fasciocutaneous flap method.


The spin‐lattice relaxation time T1 and the spin‐spin relaxation time T2 for two identical spins I=½ have been calculated for anisotropic reorientation in which the spin pair reorients randomly about an axis which, in turn, tumbles randomly. The results are applicable to liquids and solids provided that the correlation time for tumbling of the axis is small compared to T2. Although the two types of motion are independent, their contributions to relaxation are not. For nonviscous liquids, T1=T2. The results are generalized to multispin systems.


Opinion recommendation aims at consistently generating a text review and a rating score that a certain user would give to a product never seen before. Inputs driving recommendation are text reviews and ratings for this product contributed by other users as well as text reviews submitted by the user under consideration for other products. The aforementioned task faces the same problems emerging in text generation using neural networks, such as repetition, specificity. In this paper, coverage loss is used as a measure of repetition in the generated text review. It is experimentally demonstrated that such a measure can be used to calibrate rating prediction and significantly improve it.


A comprehensive and first-ever examination of the careers, lives and work of Betty Comden and Adolph Green, They Made Us Happy turns the clock back to the glamorous world of Broadway and Hollywood of the 1930s through 1950s, examining the creation of such shows as On the Town and Wonderful Town and such movies as Singin' in the Rain and The Band Wagon. As it moves forward, the creation of such shows as Do Re Mi, Subways Are for Sleeping, and On the Twentieth Century comes to life as this pair of witty authors also pursues their lives as performers and moves on to become one of the longest-running writer partnerships in theatrical history. Beyond their work together, They Made Us Happy explores their collaborations with other artists, such as composers Leonard Bernstein, Jule Styne, and Cy Coleman, as well as their work with artists such as Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, and Vincente Minnelli. Offstage their lives were just as glamorous, and the book contains appearances by the likes of Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, John F. Kennedy, and Jacqueline Kennedy, to name just a few.


Based on data from the field test,we established the fertilizer effect function of muskmelon in Yanliang district.The results showed that for the muskmelon grown in middle-level fertility soil,the best economic output is 40 879 kg/hm2;the best fertilization combination is N 116.25 kg/hm2,P2O5 64.35 kg/hm2,and K2O 129.00 kg/hm2,the appropriate ratio is N∶P2O5 ∶K2O=1∶0.55∶1.11.Meanwhile,the experiment also indicates that,to a certain range,potassium fertilizer showed the most remarkable positive effect on muskmelon production and economic efficiency,followed by nitrogen,and phosphorus had the least effect.


ABSTRACT The main purpose of this article is to provide methodological guidance to students and researchers conducting quantitative studies on the realisation (outcome) of human rights law. The article focuses on the grey area between law and sociology. How to ensure a high score on legal relevance in quantitative socio-legal studies on the realisation of human rights law. To discuss this two disciplinary traditions are merged – sociology of law and human rights research on indicators and benchmarks. A key tool for making legally relevant questions in surveys are indicators. Benchmarks are also important for some provisions to determine if an obligation has been fulfilled by the state. The process of translating the law to indicators, questions and benchmarks is called operationalisation. Each operationalisation process must aim for a high score on legal relevance and it should be transparent and open to criticism. To first spend a lot of time and money on surveys and data collection, and then to miss the law one is pretending to measure is not just embarrassing, but hazardous to the protection of human rights, because people then have a tendency to rationalise and present alternative facts about the law.


We derive new results on radiation, angular momentum at future null infinity and peeling for a general class of spacetimes. For asymptotically-flat solutions of the Einstein vacuum equations with a term homogeneous of degree $-1$ in the initial data metric, that is it may include a non-isotropic mass term, we prove new detailed behavior of the radiation field and curvature components at future null infinity. In particular, the limit along the null hypersurface $C_u$ as $t \to \infty$ of the curvature component $\rho = \frac{1}{4} R_{3434}$ multiplied with $r^3$ tends to a function $P(u, \theta, \phi)$ on $\mathbb{R} \times S^2$. When taking the limit $u \to + \infty$ (which corresponds to the limit at spacelike infinity), this function tends to a function $P^+ (\theta, \phi)$ on $S^2$. We prove that the latter limit does not have any $l=1$ modes. However, it has all the other modes, $l=0, l \geq 2$. Important derivatives of crucial curvature components do not decay in $u$, which is a special feature of these more general spacetimes. We show that peeling of the Weyl curvature components at future null infinity stops at the order $r^{-3}$, that is $r^{-4} |u|^{+1}$, for large data, and at order $r^{- \frac{7}{2}}$ for small data. Despite this fact, we prove that angular momentum at future null infinity is well defined for these spacetimes, due to the good behavior of the $l=1$ modes involved.


Semantic memory research often draws on decisions about the semantic relatedness of concepts. These decisions depend on cognitive processes of memory retrieval and choice formation. However, most previous research focused on memory retrieval but neglected the decision aspects. Here we propose the sequential sampling framework to account for choices and response times in semantic relatedness decisions. We focus on three popular sequential sampling models, the Race model, the Leaky Competing Accumulator model (LCA) and the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM). Using model simulations, we investigate if and how these models account for two empirical benchmarks: the relatedness effect, denoting faster "related" than "unrelated" decisions when judging the relatedness of word pairs; and an inverted-U shaped relationship between response time and the relatedness strength of word pairs. Our simulations show that the LCA and DDM, but not the Race model, can reproduce both effects. Furthermore, the LCA predicts a novel phenomenon: the inverted relatedness effect for weakly related word pairs. Reanalyzing a publicly available data set, we obtained credible evidence of such an inverted relatedness effect. These results provide strong support for sequential sampling models -- and in particular the LCA -- as a viable computational account of semantic relatedness decisions and suggest an important role for decision-related processes in (semantic) memory tasks.


The neutral-point potential fluctuation in single-phase three-level rectifiers leads to coupling between the line current regulation and dc-link capacitor voltage balancing, deteriorating waveform quality of the line current. For addressing this issue, this paper proposes a low-complexity model predictive current control (MPCC) with constant switching frequency, which achieves a decoupling control of the line current and the neutral-point potential under the unbalanced load condition. The switching frequency is fixed by combining the MPCC scheme with predefined switching sequences. The boundary of the durations for voltage vectors in switching sequences is presented to balance the capacitor voltage without worsening the line current quality. The optimal switching sequence and the corresponding optimal durations of voltage vectors in the switching sequence are readily derived without the assessment of the cost function, which dramatically simplifies the complexity of the MPCC scheme. Finally, simulations and experimental results are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPCC scheme.


Chinchillas are being trained to discriminate between pairs of four categories of syllables: bV, dV, gV, and V. Within each category, irrelevant variations are introduced in sound levels, talkers (6 male and 6 female), and vowels (/i, I, ɛ, ae, a, ɔ, u, ʌ/). Preliminary results indicate that while all of these tasks are difficult for the chinchilla, CV vs V and bV vs dV appears to be the easiest, bV vs gV intermediate, and dV vs gV appears to be nearly impossible. The definite, but limited, success of the chinchilla in discriminating these speech‐sound categories is interpreted in terms of the chinchilla's poor resolution of spectral differences along the cochlear partition when compared to man. [Supported by NIH Grant NS 03856 to CID.]


Calculations of the field strength at 10 MHz are reported for a ground wave signal where the path is sea water covered by a uniform layer of sea ice. It is shown that a surface wave type mode may dominate the conventional ground wave modes at the shorter ranges (i.e., < 10 km). At larger ranges the field strength due to the ice layer may be seriously degraded.


This study aims to produce a big book media about the values of Pancasila to foster the behavior of characters of early grade students in elementary schools that meet the eligibility criteria. This research is motivated by the problem in which the lack of learning media in elementary schools that contain pancasaila values. This research is a research and development to develop big book media. Research subjects are the principal, teacher, and student. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The data validity checking technique used is the triangulation technique for qualitative data, and the percentage for quantitative data. This research used the design from Borg and Gall. In this research, the steps are as follows: a) conducting preliminary research, b) planning, c) prototype development, and d) expert testing. The results showed that the big book media that contained Pancasila values for early grade students in elementary schools met the eligibility criteria based on the results of expert and material validation tests. The level of eligibility of the media developed from the results of the validation of material experts is the first big book is 98.1% (very eligible), second 98.1% (very eligible), third 98.1% (very eligible), fourth 96.4% (very eligible), and fifth 98.1% (very eligible). As for the results of the validation of media experts, the feasibility level is that the first big book gets 83.75% (very eligible), second 85% (very eligible), third 83.75% (very eligible), third 82.5% (very eligible) and fifth 88.75% (very


High performance phase frequency detector (PFD) is one of the key modules in high speed delay-locked loop (DLL). The operation of DLL depends on the performance of its detector. The demand for the reduction of power dissipation in CMOS design is a challenge in order to optimize circuit power consumption. A low power dynamic pseudo-PMOS PFD is proposed to make DLL system more reliable. In this work NOR gate of typical TSPC PFD is replaced with a low power dissipation pseudo-PMOS AND gate built of 3 PMOS transistors. Pseudo-PMOS AND integrated into proposed TSPC PFD to run maximum frequency at 1G Hz with 1.8 V input power supply. This proposed PFD has been implemented in Mentor Graphics 0.18 μm CMOS process technology and consumed 163.36 μm 2 active layout area with 206 nW total power dissipation will further trim down the total cost of the DLL.


The fourth industrial revolution is actively developing in the world. Since 2011 it has become widespread. Affecting all areas of life activity, economy, which manifests itself in the qualitative reorganization of its mechanisms, creates new adapted management models, changes the nature of production processes. The digital revolution opens up new opportunities for using digital networks, agile production systems, and new business models for all stages of production. The faster the company makes this transition, the better its chances of succeeding and outperforming its competitors. Product lifecycle management (PLM) refers to the management of data and processes used in the design, engineering, manufacturing, sales, and service of a product across its entire lifecycle. The introduction of digital technologies occurs at all stages of the product lifecycle: product development, technology development, preparation and launch of production, product production, its operation and maintenance. PLM affects the ideology of creating a new product: to reduce the time to market and save resources, the system pushes to shift the labor intensity from the "production" stage to the "design" stage. The purpose of this study is to analyze product lifecycle management in agile management and to relate it to the current state of the Russian industrial development. Theoretical and practical aspects of this concept are given. The example of PLM implementation in the Russian industrial sector is presented. The Kalashnikov concern has built a product lifecycle management system. Today, the development of production of an industrial enterprise is impossible without a clear understanding of all stages of life cycle management of the product that it produces. Summarizing, PLM is offered as a promising concept for Russian economy.


Objective To investigate the function of pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the development of diabetic nephropathy through examining their expression in kidney of diabetic rats.Methods 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:normal control group(NC)and diabetic model group(DM).At the end of 4th week and 8th week,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,kidney weight index and urinary albumin excretion rate were measured.At the same time,the expressions of PEDF and VEGF in kidney were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Results At the end of 4th week and 8th week,compared with NC group,the expression of PEDF was significantly lower in the kidney of DM group(P0.01);However,the expression of VEGF was significantly higher in the kidney of DM group(P0.01);The expression of PEDF showed a strong negative correlation with VEGF(r =-0.823,P0.01).Conclusion Imbalanced expression of PEDF and VEGF in kidney may play an important role in diabetic nephropathy.


The Danish" think tank" Music & Health has since 2018 based
its work on this overview, where approaches to music as health
promotion is divided into five different areas or fields with each
their agents.


Large crowds can be expected at famous tourist attractions, e.g., Souq Waqif, during special events such as the FIFA World Cup 2022. A comprehensive understanding of crowd dynamics is extremely important in order to ensure safety of crowds and efficiency of crowd flows at large gathering spots. Pedestrian crowd simulation tools can be used to evaluate crowd flows and to verify crowd management and control strategies at public infrastructure. The objective of this study is to evaluate safety and efficiency of crowd flows at Souq Waqif, both under normal and emergency situations using Pedestride® Crowd Simulation tool developed at Melbourne University. This simulation model has been calibrated and validated using empirical data collected through controlled experiments and real-world observations. By simulating the increased visitor demand at Souq Waqif as a case study, we aim to highlight any required design modifications and to recommend and verify crowd management strategies in order to mitigate any unfavorable situations, such as stampede during any emergency. The study shows that at increased demands and during emergency evacuation, crowds tend to take similar route. Further, increased demands could elevate the maximum crowd density up to 6 p/m2 at gates and junctions. In order to mitigate such unfavorable situations, dynamic exit signs are needed to direct flows to other clear exits to avoid herding effect.


Many electronic positioning systems, such as hyperbolic navigation and terminal guidance, suffer large errors from reflection and diffraction of their transmitted waves. The hyperbolic system described herein is free of these errors. Utilizing a pair of frequency-swept transmitters, it discriminates against reflections by separating the direct and reflected received signals into distinct sets of beat-frequency components. It is concluded that the system can suppress multipath reflections and provide flight information particularly useful in a high-density environment.


17␤-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 (17␤HSD4) has a unique multidomain structure, with one domain involved in 17␤-estradiol inactivation. The objective of the study was to investigate the regulation of 17␤HSD4 during human chori-onic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced ovulation/luteinization. The equine 17␤HSD4 cDNA was cloned and was shown to encode a 735-amino acid protein that is highly conserved (81– 87% identity) compared with other mammalian orthologs. RT-PCR/Southern blot analyses were performed to study the regulation of 17␤HSD4 transcripts in equine preovulatory follicles isolated between 0 –39 h after hCG treatment. Results showed the presence of basal 17␤HSD4 mRNA expression before hCG treatment, but an increase was observed in follicles obtained 24 h after hCG (P < 0.05). Analyses of isolated preparations of granulosa and theca interna cells identified basal mRNA expression in both layers, but granulosa cells appeared as the predominant site of follicular 17␤HSD4 mRNA induction. A specific polyclonal antibody was raised against a fragment of the equine protein and used to study regulation of the 17␤HSD4 protein. Immunoblots showed an increase in full-length 17␤HSD4 protein in follicles 24 h after hCG (P < 0.05), in keeping with mRNA results. Immunohistochemical data confirmed the induction of the enzyme in follicular cells after hCG treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the gonadotropin-dependent induction of follicular luteiniza-tion is accompanied by an increase in 17␤HSD4 expression. Considering the estrogen-inactivating function of 17␤HSD4, its regulated expression in luteinizing preovulatory follicles appears as a potential complementary mechanism to reduce circulating levels of 17␤-estradiol after the LH surge. T HE 17␤-HYDROXYSTEROID dehydrogenases (17␤HSD) are key regulators of the biological potency of androgens and estrogens in mammals, as they catalyze the interconversion of less active 17-ketosteroids such as androstenedione and es-trone (i.e. low receptor affinity) into more active 17␤-hydrox-ysteroids such as testosterone and 17␤-estradiol (i.e. high receptor affinity), and vice versa (1, 2). The bidirectional nature of these 17␤HSD reductive (activation) or oxidative (inactivation) activities, which require NADP(H) and NAD(H) as cofactors, is thought to serve as a molecular switch to regulate hormone action in target tissues. To date, at least 11 members of the 17␤HSD family have been identified and numbered according to the time of their cloning. They all belong to the short-chain dehydroge-nase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, except for 17␤HSD type 5, which belongs to the aldo-keto reductase super-family (3–5). Marked differences in substrate specificity, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and reductive vs. oxidative catalytic preferences are observed among 17␤HSDs. …


The primary and secondary antibody response in inbred CBA mice against Escherichia coli O6 lipopolysaccharide was investigated. The avidity was found to be inversely related to the immunization dose. An optimally immunogenic dose resulted in a maximal IgM production on day 4 and a significant IgG production around day 30. Concomitant to the IgG formation there was an increase in avidity both at the serum level and at the level of the IgM-secreting cells.

A time-dependent immunological memory was noted; a booster dose 28 days after priming gave rise to increased IgM and IgG antibody production as compared to the primary response while a booster dose 10 days after priming did not. The antibody avidity in the secondary response was similar to that in the primary response.

The protective capacity of the immune response seemed to be primarily related to the antibody level. However, high avidity of the IgG antibody population seemed to compensate partially for low amount.


On May 10, 2007, the Muzhuping landslide moved into Modao-he River caused by impoundment and early rainfall, which is a first landslide hazard in the Shuibuya Reservoir. Using ABAQUS software to analysis the mechanism of deformation with considering the coupling Seepage-stress, and by according to residual thrust method, some predictions of the slope stability were performed with considering to fluctuation of the reservoir water. The numerical results show that the initial impoundment and rapid declining of reservoir water level are most dangerous for a reservoir.


We show that the transmission through single and double δ-function potential barriers of strength P=VWb/ℏvF in bilayer graphene is periodic in P with period π. For a certain range of P values we find states that are bound to the potential barrier and that run along the potential barrier. Similar periodic behavior is found for the conductance. The spectrum of a periodic succession of δ-function barriers (Kronig-Penney model) in bilayer graphene is periodic in P with period 2π. For P smaller than a critical value Pc, the spectrum exhibits two Dirac points while for P larger than Pc an energy gap opens. These results are extended to the case of a superlattice of δ-function barriers with P alternating in sign between successive barriers; the corresponding spectrum is periodic in P with period π.


A laboratory study found that the Hhex protein is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia cells and is necessary for their propagation but not for normal myelopoiesis.


29 hips (follw-up rate: 44%) underwent hemiarthropathy for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Bipolar hemiarthroplasty (Kyocera Physiohip type) was carried out for all the patients. The average age at operation was 47 years old (24-65), and the mean follow-up interval was 6.4 years (2.8-10.9). 1 was at stage 2, 14 at stage 4 at operation. 4 hips receired a second operation due to the failure of rotational osteotomy, and 1 was unknown. The JOA score was evaluated. The pain, ROM, walk and ADL scores were 35 (20-40), 17 (13-20), 13 (5-20), and 16 (820) respectively. The mean total score was 81 (65-100). Femoral head migration was observed in 7 hips (29%). The distance of migration of most hips was within 5mm. 1 hip which had acetabular reaming at operation showed central migration. There was a tendency for migration in most hips at stage 4 at operation. This study showed that bipolar heimarthroplastyis a promising treatment for ONFH hip although further evaluation is required.


This paper examines the short‐term and long‐term impact of development projects on recipients' wellbeing in Ethiopia. Specifically, it compares the effects of five types of development projects—unconditional and conditional direct transfers, agricultural and social‐infrastructure knowledge transfers, and credit projects—on children's nutrition and on household consumption and income levels. The main finding is that knowledge transfers have the largest positive impact on children's nutritional status and household consumption, in both the short and the long term. The impact of direct transfers on children's health is also positive but less significant, whereas the effect of credit projects is here undetectable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As a result of studies by Woodworth (Am. Jour. Bot. 17: 863-869. 1930) and Stone (Bri t tonia 13: 293-302. 1961; 15: 208-214. 1963) ten of the fifteen or so North American species of Carya have had their chromosomes counted. In one of the reports by Stone (1961) stomatal size was used as a basis for predicting the number in uncounted species. The two species reported here were listed as putat ive diploids. These counts confirm diploidy in C. myristicifor~nis (Michx. f.) Nutt . (n----16; Fig. 1) and C. carolinae-septe~drionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. (2n 32 ; Fig. 2).


Sulfonylurea treatment is used for diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease caused by abnormal absorption of glucose in the body. But it is accompanied by side effects in vivo when taken for a long time. Therefore, there is a need for research on natural materials having similar effects to these therapeutic agents and having fewer side effects that can effectively regulate blood sugar. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative efficacy of Sparassis crispa (S. crispa) extract and the activity of ATP, glycolysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential using human hepatocyte HepG2 cells. As a result, S. crispa extract showed high antioxidant activity and induced a significant increase in HepG2 cell activity and ATP production. S. crispa extract also significantly accelerated the process and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results suggest that S. crispa extract has the potential to be developed as a natural material for improving diabetic and diabetic complications by activating hepatic energy metabolism.


Hippopsis sexlineata, a new species from Ecuador is described. The identity of Hippopsis quadrivittata Breuning, 1940 sensu auctorum is discussed and considered to be Hippopsis fractilinea Bates, 1866.


In this paper, a conformai meander line antenna for wireless telemetry is proposed. The capsule antenna is simulated in free space and in a one-layer body phantom to determine its characteristics and performance in a body tissue environment using the CST software package. Free space measurements were conducted using prototype devices, the results of which showed good agreement with those from the simulations.


The present study was conducted to determine the optimum in vitro culture condition for callus induction and plant regeneration from mature seeds of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Common). It was revealed that mature seeds cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 g/L proline, 0.5 g/L casamino acid and 3 g/L Gelrite under light condition produced the highest percentage of callus formation (39.2%). The most suitable medium for plant regeneration from dehydrated calli was MS agar medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 2 mg/L BA, 0.5 g/L proline, 0.5 g/L casamino acid 3 g/L Gelrite which induced the highest percentage of calli forming shoots (57.7%). The frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration were the highest on sucrose, followed by maltose. The shoots were rooted at the highest rate (100%) when transferred onto 1/2 MS medium. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform with normal growth pattern. (Key words : Bermudagrass, Callus, Plant regeneration, Tissue culture)


ABSTRACT Our article employs the high frequency intraday data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange to analyze the impacts of the price limit mechanism on the stock price dynamics and their determinants. We document significant volatility spillover effects and downward magnet effects for individual stocks and for the market index. Finally, our empirical results suggest that timing and trading volumes are two determinants of price limit effects.


To represent a ballistic trajectory with B-spline,Monte Carlo method is used in the simulation of B-spline separating signals method.A suggestion is given on how to add external knots to the internal knots sequence.Consistency of B-spline approximation space is discussed to demonstrate the relevant theorem.Further more,B-spline separating signals method is validated by a comparison with Monte Carlo simulation.It decides efficiently exact knots sequence needed to represent a ballistic trajectory.With the knots sequence,the parameters to be estimated is greatly eliminated.


By applying a novel experimental approach formerly used for peridotite mantle compositions [1, 2], small amounts of H2O in eclogitic NAMs such as garnet, clinopyroxene, coesite/stishovite etc. will be determined for the first time in high pressure experiments as a function of pressure, temperature and bulk composition by using interlayers of the NAMs and volatile-rich oceanic crustal material of MORB composition.


One of the primary goals of teacher education is to aid preservice candidates in formulating a personal philosophy of teaching that is research-based. Teacher candidates should recognize that their philosophy of teaching and learning must be grounded in research-affirmed theory, certain dimensions of which (e.g., motivation) are critical to student success. Such a theory into practice stance must be transparent in teacher candidates' preservice courses and modeled by instructors. This study used content analysis (Krippendorff, 2013) to investigate one such instance of modeling theory into practice through the use of self-determination theory as the framework for a preservice mathematics course for preservice teachers of grades 7 to 12.


Insecticide experiments conducted in the Laguna area of Mexico in 1961 established that DDT alone is no longer effective against the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in that region. Carbaryl and a mixture of Guthion®, O,O -dimethyl S -(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4 H )-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate, plus DDT gave excellent pink bollworm control and were slightly more effective than a mixture of benzene hexachloride plus DDT.


The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is mainly caused due to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The content give up an idea of the Issues related to COVID-19 during pregnancy and delivery.


Introduction: Many Indian women are unaware about the changes that occur in their body during pregnancy and labour, as a result many mothers suffer physiologically and psychologically, hence education is needed for mother especially to primigravida mothers.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and level of anxiety on labour process among primigravida mothers who are attending antenatal OPD at a selected hospital.
Methods and materials: A descriptive survey research design was used and purposive sampling technique was used for obtaining sample for the study. Study was undertaken on 100 sample primigravida mothers at Maternity and Child welfare Hospital of Guwahati, Assam.
Results: The finding shows that majority i.e. 53% had inadequate knowledge, 44% had moderately adequate knowledge and only three (3%) had adequate knowledge on labour process ,majority of the respondents i.e 58% had moderate anxiety and 42% had severe anxiety.There was association between the knowledge level and selected demographic variables such as age ,education, trimester of pregnancy and any prenatal counselling given. Also with anxiety and selected demographic variables such as education, occupation and any types of prenatal counseling attend. There was moderate negative correlation (-0.310) between knowledge and anxiety scores on labour process among primi gravida mothers.
Conclusion: This study shows that primigravida mothers had lack of knowledge and moderate anxiety on labour process. Therefore health personnel need to conduct the education programmes to improve the level of understanding as to reduce the level of anxiety on labour process.

Key words: Primigravida, labour process, anxiety, delivery, childbirth, pregnancy.


In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), has become popular to gather the data by using mobile sinks. SinkTrail projected a protocol to decrease the number of messages which is used for efficient energy data forwarding, sink location broadcasting, become familiar to unknown possible changes is attained. By using logical coordinate system the forecast of mobile sinks' site are done. When sensor nodes don't have any data to send they switch to sleep mode to increase the network lifetime by saving the energy. And due to this reason there is an accidental of the participation of nodes that are in sleeping state amid the trail sources to the mobile sink which is designated by the Sink Trail protocol. Before become the fully functional and process the information, these sleeping nodes can drop the some information. Due to that, it is energetic to wakeup the sleeping nodes on the path earlier than the sender can start transferring of sensed data. On-demand wake-up scheduling algorithm is projected in this paper, which is used to trigger sleeping node on the path before data distribution. WSN also reflects the multi-hop communication. By including wake-up scheduling algorithm to perquisite the reliability and recover the performance of on-demand data forwarding extends the SinkTrail solution in this work. This algorithm is used to improve the excellence of service of the network by deceit of data or plummeting the defeat due to sleeping nodes. The evaluation results showed efficiency and the effectiveness projected solution.


During my travels to numerous countries over 40 years, I have seen many picturesque mountain villages with elegant and well-preserved houses perched on carefully selected sites on the mountains, and others located by a river or lake at the foot of a mountain. They appear remarkably harmonious with the natural scenery. Fruit trees or tea trees and crops …


Perceived risks are explored in relation to Internet shopping with a sample of 222 people from Taiwan who had used online shopping sites. Findings have differed as to the perceived risks of online shopping websites. The aim in this study was to examine convenience, financial, performance, physical, physiological, social, and time risks, when considering shopping on Internet sites. The research model was tested using the partial least squares approach. The results show the perceived risk factors that have the greatest effect on the attitude toward online shopping in Taiwan are convenience, physical, performance, and social factors.


In modern conditions of global cooperation and development of sustainable growth effective models, the influence of tertiary education and science systems on the social and economic spheres is increasing. In complex interaction and mutual integration, this ensures high efficiency of progress both in individual countries and in a global dimension. For example, the American model of tertiary education and science reflects the specifics of worldviews, social orientations, and social demands - Americans regard education with their inherent pragmatism. From the American point of view, training programs and courses are products that differ in quality and price. The US principle of educational specialization, but not universalization is a conscious desire to achieve economic goals. This approach is also based on the Protestant idea of corporate social responsibility; and the education system, as one of the forms of this responsibility manifestation, was formed on the basis of these values (neobehavioral philosophy of education and Protestant socio-entrepreneurial ethics). Supporters of this trend reject self-expression as the main goal of education. They favor the principle that a man is a learning being, and in the process of learning all the behavioral norms are developed. The learning effectiveness is achieved by introducing the achievements of science, technology, and experiment into the system of education. According to these prevailing principles of management, pedagogy, and philosophy of education, all life, educational aspirations, and requests, both personal and professional, must be clearly algorithmically and purposefully modified in conjunction with the goals, values, and direction of the state and society.


This paper has described the importance of university's capital construction file formation,and has also pointed out question and reason existing in university's capital construction file formation at present,and has put forward the corresponding measure in the end.


ABSTRACT A passive carrier employing water-based phase-change materials is designed to return temperature-critical payloads from the International Space Station. These materials expand by 9% when frozen, which can cause rupture of freezers and/or an inability to fit inside the carrier. To solve this problem a method is devised that decouples the thermodynamic and physical expansion characteristics. Solutions are found simultaneously to the two independent problems by coupling them through pressure. The final numerical models are used to devise a freezing method to ensure desirable final shapes. Finally, ground-based experiments are conducted, adding validity to the model and freezing method.


A new method utilizing support vector machine is proposed for classification of surround rock stability and the model of classification based on Matlab language is developed.The classification data obtained from a pump-storage power station are used as the learning samples to train the model and then the model is applied to predict the classification of another project.The comparison of the predicted classification with the result by using BP neural network method shows that the proposed method is feasible.


The invention discloses an electric balancing swing car. The electric balancing swing car comprises a car body, a first wheel, a second wheel, a control module and a power supply, wherein the first wheel and the second wheel are fixed at the two ends of the car body respectively, and the control module and the power supply are arranged in the car body; the car body is connected with the first wheel and the second wheel in a hanging type mode; the electric balancing swing car further comprises vibration reduction devices used for reducing vibration for the first wheel and the second wheel. According to the electric balancing swing car, the vibration reduction effect is achieved through the vibration reduction devices; the car body and the wheels including the first wheel and the second wheel are mutually connected in the hanging type mode and then combined with the vibration reduction devices, the effect of cushioning the impact force is transferred to the car body due to the fact that a road is uneven is achieved, vibration caused by the impact force is damped, a better vibration effect is achieved, and it is guaranteed that the electric balancing swing car can be driven smoothly.


In this paper, a compact and narrowband microstrip band‐pass structure based on complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) etched in the back metal level (ground plane) is presented. Specifically, the structure is a two‐stage CSRR‐based device, where a series gap is etched in the output CSRR stage and two shunt stubs are added in the input cell. By these means we obtain a narrow and quite symmetric band‐pass structure. A prototype device with 2% fractional bandwidth has been designed and fabricated for operation at the S‐band. The dimensions of the device are as small as 14.6 × 11 mm, while high‐frequency selectivity is achieved at both band edges due to the presence of two transmission zeros. To demonstrate the possibility to control the bandwidth over a narrow band, a wider (10% bandwidth) filter has been also designed and fabricated. These structures can be of interest for application in narrow band‐pass filters where miniaturization and compatibility with planar technologies are key issues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 508–512, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21031


The effect of anaerobic digestion on the fate and the impact of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from pig slurry was studied. A mass balance of an anaerobic digestion plant was established. Cu, Zn and nitrogen were conserved through the process. A chemical caracterization of Cu, Zn and organic matter was carried on : Cu was mainly bound to organic matter while Zn to carbonates. Cu and Zn impacts were evaluated by a biological approach showed that bioavailability (for maize and broad bean) and genotoxixity (for Vicia faba) of Cu and Zn were increased by pig slurry supply. No significant difference was observed between raw and anaerobic digested slurry. A method was developped to evaluate micronucleus in Vicia faba roots after an exposure by direct contact to a contaminated soil


Due to the ubiquity of photo editing software, it is convenient and prevalent to create fake images which may cause terrible misunderstandings. To address this issue, we introduce forgery reconstruction, a novel image reconstruction that automatically reconstructs a forged image into its original appearance. To achieve this, we present a new two-phase system, including a forgery localization phase and a reconstruction phase, where we first localize forged regions and then inpaint the natural texture. The proposed approach, called HCF-Net, is a hybrid two coarse-to-fine networks. Unlike the existing solutions of image reconstruction that relies on the prior knowledge of the areas to be recovered, our proposed system is free from the mask information. To guide the reconstruction, we propose a new strategy for extracting noise features in the forgery localization phase, which leverages the relationships among the image channels and localizes the tampered regions more precisely. For better performance, we equip a dual attention module in the reconstruction phase. Our automatic system is applicable to localize the tampered areas and reconstruct the missing part in a single pass. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our system achieves state-of-the-art performance in forgery localization and generates higher-quality and more flexible results than traditional inpainting methods.


Objective To study the value of preserved human aminiotic membrane and fresh human amniotic membrane in the treatment of ocular surface disease and evaluate its curative effect. Methods Pre-served human amminiotic membrane was performed in thirty cases of ocular surface disorders,fresh human ammiotic membrane was performed in thirty cases of ocular surface disorders. Results The fresh amniotic membrane were successful in all patients , the preserved ammiotic membrane were fonnd in 1 case with pre-served aminotic membrane. The vision acuity of the partly patients was better than before surgery. Postopera-tively pterygium occurred again in 1 case with fresh amniotic membrane and 2 cases with preserved amniotic membrane (P0.05). The shape of conjunctival sac and the movement of eyeball were normal for the case with symblepharon. Corneal epithelium were covered well with corneal ulcer. Conclusions The preserved amniotic membrane and the fresh amniotic membrane may be effective and valuable in the ocular surface reconstruction, It can effectively reduce recurrent pterygium, promote corneal epithelialization , suppress symblepharon.


When used in counter-terrorism and disaster rescue, UAVs may possibly fly in buildings. In an indoor closed environment, GPS signal may be blocked, which will make UAVs difficult to obtain their location. In addition, a complex indoor environment also brings challenges to the safety of flight. Therefore, it is necessary to identify complex environments and avoid obstacles in real-time. This paper introduces the PTAM algorithm to the UAV ground control module. To deal with poor illumination of indoor environment, less feature points and other issues, we improve the algorithm and design a self-adaptive map feature point generating mechanism, reducing the dependency of the algorithm on the number of feature points and illumination conditions. On this basis, this paper proposes an obstacle recognition algorithm and designs a warning mechanism for the ground control module. Finally, we use a small quad-rotor UAV to test this algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can provide warning to the obstacles during flight in unknown indoor environments with self-localization. The experiments demonstrate that this algorithm is effective in real-time, which has great significance to explore autonomous positioning and flight safety for UAVs in GPS denied environments.


A major pain point for librarians and publishers is the work involved in keeping authentication credentials (IP addresses, Shibboleth and link resolvers) current and ensuring their accuracy. Yet, the infrastructure of the internet has solved similar problems like this before. RedLink Network is a free, community-driven platform, run by a public benefit company. It allows librarians to broadcast their access credentials and branding, track uptake across their publishers and platforms, and solve access issues collaboratively. It also enables mapping of hierarchies (consortia and subsidiaries). This article describes what inspired the creation of RedLink Network, how it benefits librarians and publishers and, ultimately, how it can help ensure access for students, researchers and knowledge workers.


Researchers have started focusing on investigating the anticarcinogenic effects of natural products with the slightest side effects possible, because current breast cancer treatment approaches are unable to achieve absolute success especially on aggressive subtypes. Propolis is among these products with its antimicrobial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Therefore, seven different samples were collected from different regions (Argentina, China, and Istanbul‐Turkey) and applied on nonaggressive breast cancer cell line (BCCL) MCF‐7 and aggressive cell lines SK‐BR‐3, and MDA‐MB‐231. Initially, the phenolic/flavonoid constituents of the propolis ethanol extracts were investigated by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (LS‐MS/MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Then, the anticarcinogenic effects of the propolis samples on MCF‐7, SK‐BR‐3, MDA‐MB‐231 were evaluated by WST1 analysis and only selected ones on MCF‐10A and hPdLF. According to the LS‐MS/MS and HPLC analysis, Turkey originated propolis (Turkey3) were found to be richer than the other propolis samples in terms of phenolic/flavonoid compounds. Turkey propolis significantly inhibited cell proliferation in both nonaggressive and aggressive BCCL (P < 0.01). Therefore, Turkey3 propolis was selected for further evaluation using Annexin V‐PI apoptosis detection assays. In addition, selected compounds among the propolis contents such as galangin, caffeic acid, apigenin, quercetin, and ferulic acid were applied to the MCF‐7 cell line to detect cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. Galangin, caffeic acid, apigenin, and quercetin remarkably induced cell proliferation inhibition at all time intervals, whereas ferulic acid was found non efficient on the MCF‐7 cell line. Annexin V‐PI assay clarified that all cell proliferation inhibitions were markedly apoptotic. Our findings indicated that the inhibition effect of propolis on breast cancer cell proliferation was in a propolis type‐, dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. Turkey3 propolis showed statistically significant cytotoxic effects on both the nonaggressive and aggressive BCCL. These findings were consistent with the effects of its rich phenolic and flavonoid contents, in terms of variety. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(5):619–631, 2019


To attempt such an undertaking as a history of British hospitals from ancient times to the present requires, if it is to be successful, great skill in historical analysis and the ability to distinguish between the important and the trivial. What we have here, however, is a book packed with facts and dates mostly about the architecture, sites, and founders of hospitals, and little about the concepts and practice of hospital medicine. The emphasis is conspicuously on London and the home counties. London's general and special hospitals get about twice as much space as the much more numerous provincial hospitals. To a deeply disturbing extent, important facts rub shoulders with utter trivialities. A typical example is the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow, founded in 1882. After writing at length about the troubles with funding and location, the authors tell us that this hospital had:

`... three wards, one on each floor, each painted with reproductions of Randolph Caldecott's illustrations of nursery rhymes. The lower parts of the walls were lined with green tiles with a narrow red border... There was also a mortuary where the floor was of marble mosaic and round the walls ran a dark grey wreath-patterned frieze with the words "Not dead but sleepeth"'.

Three pages are devoted to this kind of detail, but we are told nothing about the children who were admitted, the spectrum of disease seen at the hospital and the mortality rates, the treatments used, the work of the medical staff, and whether this hospital was integrated with other paediatric institutions. In a book where space is desperately needed for the important, such trivialities abound.

Conversely, some of the major events in Britain's hospitals are ignored. For instance, the authors tell us a lot about the various sites occupied by Queen Charlotte's (maternity) Hospital, including the opening in 1929 of a special unit containing a laboratory to study the treatment of puerperal fever. Yet there is no mention of the fact that in this very unit Leonard Colebrook carried out a series of clinical trials in the mid-1930s which showed the dramatic effect of the sulphonamides in curing puerperal fever—which was by far the most important discovery in the history of maternity hospitals. Nor is there anything about the Glasgow Maternity Hospital where, in 1888, an obstetrician, Murdoch Cameron, was the first surgeon anywhere in the Western World to show that Caesarean section could be carried out as a safe operation. Indeed, it was so famous at the time that Caesarean section became briefly known as the `Glasgow Operation'.

The book's greatest merit is the publication of over 200 illustrations; the large majority being illustrations of hospitals. Many of these are striking, yet even here there are oddities. On pages 318 and 319 there are two portraits facing each other. They are the only two portraits of hospital doctors in the book. The first is entitled `"A Great Surgeon" (Dr Bland Sutton)' and the second has the title `"Orthodoxy" (Sir William Henry Broadbent)'. There is nothing in the title or the text to say who they were, when they lived, or what they did. Searching elsewhere I found that `The Great Surgeon' is in fact Mr (not Dr, but later `Sir') Bland Sutton (1855-1936) who worked at the Chelsea Hospital for Women, and Sir William Henry Broadbent (1835-1907) was a physician at St Mary's Hospital in London. This may seem a trivial criticism, but it characterizes the eccentricity of the book as a whole. If the authors planned to include portraits why did they select only two; and why choose two such obscure figures when they could have chosen from such names as Hunter, Abernethy, Astley Cooper, Paget or Parkinson?

There are two or three chapters in which there is an attempt at historical analysis—notably chapter 12 on the evolution of the medical profession—but they are not successful. Where the authors venture into the history of apothecaries and general practitioners they go badly wrong; except for the chapter on cottage hospitals which is one of the best in the book. Far too much of the text resembles a collection of tit-bits taken from local histories such as:

`A porter had to be employed to carry the patients upstairs for their treatment. Another venture was the employment of midwives at 3s 6d a delivery to carry out domiciliary confinements, although several had to be sacked for fraud, conniving with the patients'.

That comes from the section on Charing Cross Hospital in the 1820s. Multiply this and the other trivial details by at least 100 and you will have a sense of the contents of the book as a whole.

This is a work which cries out for footnotes but there are none and the reader cannot check the origin of any of the contents. There is an index of illustrations, there is a short and unsatisfactory general index, and a relatively brief and decidedly eccentric bibliography. But you will not find a better collection of illustrations of British hospitals.


In order for appropriate meta-heuristics to be chosen and tuned for specific problems, it is critical that we better understand the problems themselves and how algorithms solve them. This is particularly important as we seek to automate the process of choosing and tuning algorithms and their operators via hyper-heuristics. If meta-heuristics are viewed as sampling algorithms, they can be classified by the trajectory taken through the search space. We term this trajectory a trace. In this paper, we present Hyperion2, a Java™ framework for meta- and hyper- heuristics which allows the analysis of the trace taken by an algorithm and its constituent components through the search space. Built with the principles of interoperability, generality and efficiency, we intend that this framework will be a useful aid to scientific research in this domain.


The mental ability to take the perspective of another person may depend on one's own bodily awareness and experience. In the present study, bodily awareness was defined as having a history of an ea...


THE SIXTH CENTURY B.C. marks the beginning of an intellectual renaissance in India. Radhakrishnan has said of this period, "There are many indications to show that it was an age keenly alive to intellectual interest, a period of immense philosophic activity and many-sided development.... It was an age full of strange anomalies and contrasts. With the intellectual fervour and moral seriousness were also found united a lack of mental balance and restraint of passion. .... When the surging energies of life assert their rights, it is not unnatural that many yield to unbridled imagination."' Another authority on Indian philosophy has written, "Speculation was almost rampant in the period just preceding the time of the Buddha and an excessive discussion of theoretical questions was leading to anarchy of thought."2 One restraining influence in this period of speculation was Siddhdrtha Gautama, the Buddha, who by counsel and example discouraged abstract theorizing. When asked to express his view on a number of metaphysical problems, he remained silent. Thus, there came to be in Buddhism a group of problems which are known as the avyikrtavast2ni--the undetermined, or unelucidated, or unprofitable questions. The most comprehensive list of forbidden speculations is found in the Brahma Jlda Sutta of the Digha Nikiya. Here are listed sixty-two ways in which "recluses and Brahmans ... reconstruct the past, and arrange the future." The Buddha says they "are entrapped in the net of these sixty-two modes; this way and that they plunge about, but they are in it; this way and that they flounder, but they are included in it, caught in it."3 Buddhists are warned to avoid the net altogether. Only ten of the questions raised in the Brahma IJla Sutta appear in the Lesser Milufikydputta Sermon which is Sutta 63 of the Maijhima Nikiya, yet these are especially important, for with some alterations they constitute the avyikrtavast;ani. The Sutta opens as follows:


AIM: To study the effects of oxidative modification lipoproteins on blood coagulation and fibrino (lysis) in vitro. METHODS: Normal human plasma VLDL, LDL and HDL, which were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation method, were oxidatively modified by Cu~(2+) and HOCl method. N-VLDL, Ox-VLDL, N-LDL, Ox-LDL, N-HDL, Ox-HDL were added to the reaction system which consisted of mixed fresh normal plasma respectively, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombplastin time (APTT), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and platelet aggregation were measured according to the direction of the kits. RESULTS: The relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), absorbance at 234nm and TBARS of oxidized VLDL, LDL and HDL mediated by HOCl or Cu~(2+) were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01). N-VLDL, (N-LDL) and N-HDL had no effect on PT, APTT, t-PA, PAI-1 and platelet aggregation. The PT and APTT of (Ox-VLDL,) Ox-LDL and Ox-HDL were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P0.05 and (P0.01)). The platelet aggregation of Ox-VLDL, Ox-LDL and Ox-HDL were significantly stronger than that of the control group (P0.01). The Ox-VLDL and Ox-LDL were higher in t-PA and lower in PAI-1 than that of the control group (P0.05 and (P0.01)), but the Ox-HDL had no influences on t-PA and PAI-1 activity. CONCLUSIONS: N-VLDL, N-LDL and N-HDL have no effects on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vitro. Ox-VLDL, Ox-LDL and Ox-HDL enhance blood coagulation and thrombosis. Ox-VLDL and Ox-LDL enhance t-PA activity and decreased PAI-1 activity, but Ox-HDL does not affect the fibrinolysis activity. [


The experiment used the Tibetan kefir fermentation milk as object,the mice of intestines disorder as models,to study the actions of the Tibetan kefir fermentation milk to digestive system.The results showed that the Tibetan kefir fermentation milk could advance recover the intestines disorder mice normal.The numbers of bacillus and coccus in intestines increased and the weights of mice were higher than the group of natural recover.And there were dose-effect relation in the Tibetan kefir fermentation milk.The results proved that the Tibetan kefir fermentation milk take health care to digestive system of animals.


We investigate the influence of innovations, creative organisational climate and culture on competitiveness and performance of firms. Data came from a survey of 135 Saudi Arabian executives. Findings indicate that incremental innovations directly influence the performance of Saudi Arabian firms. We found significant influence of firms' working environment on their competitiveness, which in turn directly influences their performance. The overall results of this study point to the need of firms in Saudi Arabia to improve their innovativeness, competitiveness, and performance in the light of the recent drop in oil prices that has resulted in drastic reduction in the country's revenues.


This paper reviews the literature on the effect of ownership concentration on financial performance. The notion of separation of control and ownership, and the resulting conflict between shareholders and managers give rise to a principal-agent problem that can lead to the suboptimal use of capital. Some academics argue that ownership concentration improves financial performance by making the owners more willing to control the managers. Others suggest that it has no effect on financial performance. Empirical studies that analyze the relationship between the two variables have contradictory findings.


Purpose: In order to ensure that vegetable seedlings (with a soil block around their roots) are planted in an upright orientation after metering in a vegetable transplanter, they need to be dropped freely from a certain height. The walk-behind hand-tractor-powered machines do not have sufficient space to drop the seedlings from that height. In the present work, a hopper-type planting device was developed for the walk-behind hand-tractor-powered vegetable transplanter to ensure that the soil block seedlings are planted in an upright orientation. Methods: Various dimensionless terms were developed based on the dimensional analysis approach, and their effect on the planting of soil block seedlings in an upright orientation (planting efficiency) was studied. The optimum design dimensions of the hopper-type planting device were identified by the Taguchi method of optimization. Results: The ratio of the height of free fall to the sliding distance of the seedling on the surface of the hopper had the highest influence on planting efficiency. The planting efficiency was highest for plants with a height . The plant handling Froude number, in interaction with the design of the hopper-type planting device, also significantly affected the planting efficiency. Of the hopper design factors, the length of the slide of the seedlings on the surface of the hopper was most important, and induced sufficient velocity and rotation to cause the seedling to fall in an upright orientation. An evaluation of the performance of the planting device under actual field conditions revealed that the planting efficiency of the developed planting device was more than 97.5%. Conclusions: As the seedlings were fed to the metering device manually, an increase in planting rate increased missed plantings. The planting device can be adopted for any vegetable transplanter in which the seedlings are allowed to drop freely from the metering device.


Graphitized carbide-derived-carbon (CDC) with hierarchical microand meso-pores is synthesized by chlorination of titanium carbide powder at 1000 C. The produced CDC has many bilayer graphenes and some narrow graphite ribbons, which contributes a large amount of micropores ( 1.35 nm) and some mesopores. Although hierarchical pore is an attractive structure for supercapacitor, the low hydrophilicity of the graphitized CDC leads to poor electrochemical performance in alkaline electrolyte. The specific capacitance of the CDC in KOH aqueous electrolyte is only 5 F g . A strategy that adding ethanol to alkaline electrolyte is presented to improve its surface wettability. The specific capacitance of the graphitized CDC in KOH aqueous electrolyte with addition of ethanol increases to 60 F g 1 at a scan rate of 20 mV s . The optimal content of ethanol in KOH electrolyte is 10 wt.%. In addition, cyclic voltammogram curve can maintain a quasi-rectangular shape well even at a scan rate of 500 mV s 1 and the retention rate of the specific capacitance is about 70%. The specific capacitance is stable at high current density (e.g. 1 A g ), and almost no performance degradation is observed after 8000 consecutive cycles. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Courses that are supported by hardware components and courses that evolve rapidly face many challenges. They are challenging both to the teachers and to the students. One such course is the course entitled Robotics, taught in the first cycle of studies for computer science students. This paper presents the curriculum for this Robotics course that is specifically customized for computer science students. A great importance of the course is given to the students' practical work with real robots, even though there were limited hardware resources that could be used. An analysis of the students' evaluation in all previous years shows that the hands-on work of the students propagates in better overall results and increased students' interest in the course. Some of the hands-on work done by students is presented in this paper.


The objective was to evaluate the interaction between different cutting mechanisms of culture residues and furrow openers of a row crop planter, observing the demand of traction and the drawbar power requirement, depending of the speed travel. This study was conducted in a farm located in the city of Santa Maria (RS), in an Ultisol with sandy loam texture. The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations in a factorial arrangement of 2x3x4. These combinations were obtained by interaction of furrower's factors (hoe opener and double-disc opener) cutting discs (without disc, smooth and offset fluted coulter) and speeds (1.11, 1.67, 2.22 and 2.78 m s). The mechanisms combination was done connecting to a mobile tool holders structure using an instrumented tractor as a source of power. The average requirement of traction furrower type hoe was 22.28% higher than that requested by the disc mechanism. The no cutting disc coulter system was the one that demanded the smaller tractive force and power, followed by the smooth disc and offset fluted, respectively. For the variable speed travel, the slower speeds, 1.11 and 1.67 m s, did not show any difference in traction requirement, as well as among the fastest, 2.22 and 2.78 m s. With respect to power demand, increased travel speed led to significant increase in this variable. Both furrowers when combined with cutting discs, increased requirements. The use of cutting disc, associated with the hoe opener, maintains the traction demand and minimizes the magnification of the drawbar power with speed increase. The increased contact area with the soil of associations that employ cutting discs, affects the demand for traction and power when combined with double-disc


The long term complications of rheumatologic diseases are fortunately becoming rare with the advent of better diagnostic and disease modification strategies in current clinical practice. We present a young female with renal amyloidosis following juvenile idiopathic arthritis of polyarticular type. Keyword :Juvenile arthritis, renal amyloidosis, polyarticular arthritis


Different ratios(1∶1,1∶10,1∶100,1∶1000) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND02(LB-ND02) and Streptococcus thermophilus ND03(ST-ND03) plus with Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9,2.0×107 g-1) were used as starter cultures for milk fermentation.Some indexs of prepared probiotic fermented milk were determined for evaluation for effect of different ratios of inoculum on the quality of probiotic fermented milk during the fermentation and storage.The results showed the fermentation time was significantly prolonged,viable numbers of B.lactis V9 was significantly increased.After the fermentation followed by a 28 d storage,the survival of B.lactis V9 were significantly different and the postacidifition was weakened as the ratio of LB-ND02 decreased..It is suggested that different ratios of LB-ND02 and ST-ND03 significantly influence the fermentation time,viable numbers of B.lactis V9,postacidifition and visicosity during the fermentation and storage.


Innovation in artificial intelligence (AI) is spreading rapidly in many areas of technology, and AI technologies may be of help to mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, previous studies of AI in the climate context mainly rely on expert judgement of the research literature, not large-scale data. Here, we present a new approach to analyzing the relation between AI and climate innovation on the economy-wide scale. We analyze over six million patents from the past 45 years from the United States, and find that the greatest amount of climate AI innovation has occured in transportation, energy, and manufacturing technologies. Green ICT and climate adaptation technologies is where AI innovations have higher shares, and breakthrough innovations have made up a larger share in adaptation technologies compared to technologies for climate mitigation. We estimate the difference that AI makes with statistical analysis: AI in mitigation and adaptation technologies is associated with 30-100% more subsequent innovations. Our approach provides new capabilities to track the exponential growth of AI in climate innovation.


The COVID-19 pandemic affected individual sleep quality, especially with high-stress levels. We assessed sleep quality in young adults during COVID-19, and mental health, stress, and screen time (ST) use. An international cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. The surveys assessed sleep quality (PSQI), ST use, and mental health. 183 participants were eligible for analysis. The average global PSQI score was 7.29 (sd = 3.58, n = 99). Associations were found between global PSQI scores and Fear of COVID-19 (r (98) = .223, P = .027), anxiety scores (r (99) = -.541, P < .001), increased total stress scores (r (88) = .486, P < .001), and depression (r (97) = .628, P < .001). Those currently quarantining had statistically higher PSQI scores than those who quarantined in the past (F (2,175) = 3.397, P = .036), but not for those who did not quarantine. Differences were found between genders for global PSQI (F (4,94) = 2.865, P < .027) and poor vs good sleep (X2 (1,98) = 3.982, P = .046). There was also a relationship between ethnicity and poor vs good sleep quality (X2 (2,94) = 6.538, P = .038). We did not find associations between ST and sleep quality but found poor sleep quality significantly related to mental health during COVID-19. We found no direct evidence that quarantining itself results in poor sleep quality. Interventions need to maximize sleep quality in certain groups, like females and ethnic minorities.


A process comprising combining a polymerization catalyst with propylene at a polymerization temperature to produce polypropylene granules having an MFR1, wherein the temperature of the polypropylene granules is maintained at least at the polymerization temperature; mixing the polypropylene granules with an organic peroxide at a temperature of at least the polymerization temperature for a residence time of at least 40 seconds at a temperature below the melting point temperature of the polypropylene granules to form a polypropylene product having an MFR2, wherein MFR1 is greater than MFR2.


A wireless distributed apparatus and system and signal transmission method are provided by the embodiments of the present invention, wherein the apparatus includes: a communication module configured for communicating data signals with a signal separation multiplexing module; a power module configured for communicating electrical current with the signal separation multiplexing module; the signal separation multiplexing module configured for multiplexing data signals provided by the communication module and electrical current provided by the power module in one transmission cable to be transferred to another apparatus, or configured for receiving data signals and electrical current multiplexed by another apparatus in the transmission cable, and configured for separating the data signals and electrical current, transmitting the separated data signals to the communication module, and transmitting separated electrical current to the power module.


Algorithms for induction of concept descriptions from examples are important tools in the fields of machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases. This paper presents an induction algorithm, named PA3, that learns a set of ordered rules from examples. Functionally inspired in AQ and CN2, this algorithm attempts to generalize the learned rules during the induction process and introduces features that allow tuning of several important parameters. This paper describes PA3 and presents a comparison between this algorithm and CN2 on six data sets (three in the domain of stock market and three in an artificial domain).


The Borstar technology contains a loop reactor and a fluidized bed reactor connecting in series.Aiming at minimizing the grade transition time and the quantity of off-specification product,a grade transition model involving catalyst changeover was presented for this process.Meanwhile,the models of instantaneous and cumulative polyethylene properties,including melt index and polymer density in each reactor,were presented for the tanks-in-series process involving catalyst changeover.The results showed that if grade transition involved catalyst changeover,the recommended optimal strategy was to feed new catalyst step by step.Further more,it is necessary to consider the respective demands for manipulated variable profiles by old and new catalysts and the effect of old catalyst mass fraction on resin properties in each reactor.In this way,the transition time was remarkably reduced,the sharp fluctuation of manipulated variables was restrained and the profiles of polymer properties were smoothed up.


The utility model discloses a damping steel coupling beam with high energy consumption. The damping steel coupling beam comprises a box type section steel coupling beam, a plurality of parallel structural steels are surrounded all around the outer surface of the box type section steel coupling beam and are mutually arranged with intervals, the major axes of the sections of the structural steels are parallel to the length direction of the box type section steel coupling beam and the structural steels are arranged on a connecting plate in a the beam length direction of the box type section steel coupling beam in parallel so as to form a steel sleeve; the box type section steel coupling beam is internally provided with a plurality of precast concrete blocks. According to the damping steel coupling beam provided by the utility model, by adopting a joint function of an outer surface steel sleeve and the inner prefabricate concrete blocks, the local buckling deformation of the box type section steel coupling beam at the elastic plastic stage by a buckling restraining device, therefore an aim of improving the energy consumption capacity of the coupling beam can be improved, and the problem that the energy consumption capacity is severely degraded due to the excessive local buckling and formation of an ordinary steel coupling beam under an earthquake action can be overcome.


ABSTRACT Because Rousseau identifies popular sovereignty with the enactment of fundamental laws, he seems to conflate popular sovereignty with constituent power: the people are sovereign because they constitute the state, without actually ruling it. However, he assigns the lawgiver, or ('legislator') an antecedent task that has a more obviously 'constituent' character – the task of constituting the people itself, as a political subject and political unity. Thus Rousseau's lawgiver offers a template for understanding the relationship between popular sovereignty and constituent power. Accordingly, I make three arguments concerning the 'constituent' role of the lawgiver. Firstly, I argue that Rousseau's lawgiver belongs within a 'realist' tradition of constituent power, which understands the people not as the bearer of constituent power, but as its product. Secondly, since the lawgiver's task is to alchemise peoplehood by bequeathing the people a ritual life, this helps us understand how constituent power remains 'live' within the social life of the republic. And thirdly, since the lawgiver effects a rupture in political time of which Rousseau judges the people itself incapable, its role is to compensate not only for the people's incapacity to reason, but more importantly, its incapacity to act.


This paper argues that important independent causes of European weakness, in addition to U.S. strength, were involved in producing the stark growth differential between the euro area and U.S. economies widely held to have caused euro weakness. The paper scrutinizes the role of European monetary policy in facilitating the euro's plunge. It is argued that while the Bundesbank's policies preconditioned the euro's plunge, the ECB's policies acted as twofold propagation mechanisms.


Learning Organization concepts and their implementation have been debated for over fifty years. This paper constructs a position on how learning propagates within a knowledge intensive firm based on extant theory. The key purpose of the research is to establish how the effects of organizational learning can be measured in a knowledge intensive business in the support services sector. Learning Organization research areas reviewed included studies on Learning Organization strategy and implementation in the Construction/Project based sectors. Related key topic areas were; measurement; realization of benefits; and valuation of knowledge assets. The aim is to outline a bridge between Organizational Learning and the knowledge practitioners undertaking the learning. The review examines whether the quantifiable measurement of benefits from Learning Organization implementations can provide 'evidence' that organizations can learn in a meaningful and beneficial way. The paper reveals that this requires enabling learning as part of normal activity. The ongoing research is aimed at taking the learning from this review to develop strategies for implementing a learning organization culture in the sponsoring organization and quantifying the outcomes.


The utility model relates to a safety device for a medical anastomat before triggering, the safety insurance device comprises a triggering button (2), a triggering seat (3) and a support (4), wherein the triggering seat (3) is installed on the support (4), and the triggering button (2) is installed on the triggering seat (3). The safety device for the medical anastomat before triggering also comprises a safety button (1), a pressure spring (6) and a safety pin (5), wherein a positioning groove (7) matched with the safety button (1) is arranged on the triggering button (2); one end of the safety pin (5) is fixedly connected with the safety button (1), and the other end of the safety pin (5) penetrates through the triggering seat (3); and the pressure spring (6) is arranged on the safety pin (5) in a sheathed way. One end of the pressure spring (6) pushes against the triggering button (2), and the other end pushes against a circular bead (5-1) on the safety pin (5). As the safety button is arranged, the safety device ensures that the medical anastomat can not have false triggering during operation, and the safety coefficient in the operation is improved.


Purpose – This study aims to examine grocery shoppers' beliefs about store attributes as antecedents to shopping value by exploring whether dimensions of store attribute beliefs have differential effects (i.e. strength and direction) on hedonic versus utilitarian shopping value.Design/methodology/approach – Shoppers at three grocery outlets in a Norwegian city were approached. After they had agreed to participate in the survey, they received a package containing an information letter, the questionnaire, and the pre‐paid return envelope. A total of 572 (60 per cent response rate) questionnaires were returned within two weeks of delivery.Findings – Findings from a survey of grocery shoppers suggest that one unique store attribute (e.g. personal interaction) can relate negatively to utilitarian shopping value and positively relate to hedonic shopping value, while others (e.g. physical aspects) may have the opposite valence, or direction to the different dimensions of shopping value.Research limitations/impli...


The free and rapid cross-border transfer of personal information is one of the main contributors to the prosperity of digital economy. However, China has relatively strict restrictions on the cross-border transfers of personal information. Although such provisions are conducive to safeguarding the interest of the individuals and the nation, they have adverse impact on giving full play to the commercial value of personal information in the era of digital economy. Additionally, China's insufficient participation in the formulation of international rules counts against to the construction of China's data discourse power. Therefore, the Chinese legislation is immature and needs to be perfected. This article analyzes the advanced legislative experience abroad, including the GDPR rules, the CBPR rules, and the Personal Information Protection Law of Japan. Taking actual situations of China into consideration, this article then puts forward four suggestions, including issuing practical standard contracts as soon as possible, promoting the construction of industry self-discipline mechanism, carrying out supplementary legislation in key areas, and participating on our own initiative in mapping out international rules.These suggestions are expected to benefit the perfection of China's legislation on the cross-border transfers of personal information as well as the enhancement of China's international data discourse power.


Researchers at the University of California San Diego, CA, USA, have developed a new method for the noninvasive fluorescent imaging of brain processes. Using genetically modified cells, scientists have been able to view cell-to-cell signaling in the brain. The cells provide new promise in the search for the specific modes of action of neurological drugs. The method utilizes cells dubbed cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporters (CNiFERs). These CNiFERs are genetically engineered to express a metabotropic receptor that uses a G q protein-coupled receptor cascade; this converts receptor activity into a rise in systolic Ca. The rise in Ca is detected by a genetically encoded fluorescent Ca sensor on the CNiFERs. The cells enable scientists to monitor in situ neurotransmitter receptor activation for the first time. "It's a world of signaling between cells that we were blind to before," comented David Kleinfeld from the University of California. The first experiment utilizing CNiFERs was designed by Kleinfeld and colleagues to examine the mode of action of atypical neuroleptics. It is known that this class of drug, commonly prescribed to schizophrenia sufferers, triggers an increase in acetylcholine release. In addition, it is widely believed that the drugs also have a receptor-blocking effect. Acetylcholine released via M1 muscarinic receptors was detected by CNiFERs implanted into the frontal cortex of adult rats. In drug-naive rats the CNiFERs were activated after stimulation of acetylcholine release. After stimulation of acetylcholine release in rats treated with either clozopine or olazopine fewer CNiFERs were activated. This demonstrates that these drugs block transmission of acetylcholine at M1 receptors in the frontal cortex. The effect of this action of the drug overrides its acetylcholine-inducing actions. This is an important step forward in the search for schizophrenia drugs with fewer side effects and greater efficacy. Paul Corry, of the mental health charity Rethink, stated of the new method, "It is eliciting new information that could lead to the development of more effective drug treatments for schizophrenia, which have fewer of the debilitating side effects associated with even the most modern atypical medicines." Currently, CNiFERs are being adapted to make them suitable for the investigation of drugs that act on the brain through other receptors. This new cell imaging method could be a crucial discovery in the search for a greater understanding of the actions of neurological drugs, as well as shedding light on chemical actions in the brain. Corry stated that "the research offers a new technique for understanding the workings of the brain that could also be developed for use across broad areas of medicine."


In the present investigation minimum fluidization velocity, Umf, in a two-phase inverse fluidized bed reactor is determined using low-density polyethylene and polypropylene particles of different diameters (4,6 and 8 mm) by measuring pressure drop. In a glycerol system Umf decreased gradually with increase in viscosity up to a value of 6.11 mPa s (60%) and on further increase there was a slight increase in Umf. In the case of the glycerol system the Umf was found to be higher when compared to water. In the non-Newtonian system (carboxymethylcellulose), Umf decreased with increase in concentration in the range of the present study. The Umf was found to be lower when compared to water as liquid phase. The modified gas-perturbed liquid model was used to predict the minimum fluidization liquid velocity (Ulmf) for Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry


Pt and Pd nanoparticles can be modified with surface-attached
cyclodextrin receptors leading to water-soluble materials that exhibit
catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of allylamine.


Supervisory control application forms a core for comprehensive control of industrial processes. Industrial application of this character consists of many components providing the whole supervisory control system functionality. The most important issues in supervisory control are data acquisition from technological process level, visualization of process together with control function, alarm situations indication, display trend of process variables and other components. This article presents graphical objects used in visualization screens to show what is happening at technological level of controlled process with trend objects as an important part of supervisory control application, using software products from Wonderware Corp.


Although microRNA-33 (miR-33) family members are known to be involved in the regulation and balancing of cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and insulin signaling, their functions in carcinogenesis are controversial and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the world; however, the dysregulation and function of miR-33 family members in gastric cancer have not been extensively studied. The present study reported that a miR-33 family member, miR-33a, was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines. Of note, the expression of miR-33a was inversely correlated with pathological differentiation and metastasis as well as gastric cancer biomarker CA199. A cell-counting kit-8 assay showed that transfection of the SGC-7901 gastric cell line with miR-33a-overexpression plasmid inhibited the capability of the cells to proliferate. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-33a led to cell cycle arrest of SGC-7901 cells in G1 phase. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-33a directly targeted cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and serine/threonine kinase PIM-1. In gastric cancer specimens, the reduced expression of miR-33a was associated with increased expression of CDK-6, CCND1 and PIM1. However, only PIM1 expression was significantly increased in cancer tissues compared with that in their adjacent tissues. The present study revealed that miR-33a was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, while forced overexpression of miR-33a decreased CDK-6, CCND1 and PIM1 expression to inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation by causing G1 phase arrest. miR-33a overexpression may therefore resemble an efficient strategy for gastric cancer therapy.


The All-Union Electric Power Research Institute (VNIIE) in 2019 would have celebrated 75 years since its founding. On his example, the article illustrates the role of science in the technological progress of the basic branch of the Russian economy.