Thin current sheets with half-widths in the range of about 10 or less ion inertial lengths (or ion gyroradii) have been identified as the sites of important dynamical phenomena in space plasmas. Recent space observations established that thin current sheets often have a bifurcated (double-peaked) current density. Earlier suggestions of possible bifurcation mechanisms are based on the presence of microfluctuations, magnetic reconnection, or a normal magnetic field component or assumed simplified models of adiabatic dynamics. Despite these efforts, the cause (or causes) of the formation of thin bifurcated current sheets and the conditions under which they form have remained unclear. In this paper, we identify quasisteady compression of a plane, initially wide collisionless current sheet as an effective physical mechanism for the formation of thin bifurcated current sheets. Our main tool is electromagnetic particle simulation. The initial sheet has a singly peaked current and a half-width that is five times ...


Some outstanding features in the use of pervaporation technology are light, low maintenance, low energy consumption, and eco-friendly. The optimization of membrane mechanical properties is vital to determine the strength of the membrane against the force which comes from outside and is unfortunately destructive, one of which is tensile strength. The purpose of this research is to find out the best combination of alginate and chitosan concentration, which produces polyether sulfone-biopolymer based pervaporation membrane with optimal tensile strength. Several membrane compositions have been prepared and varied in a way to obtain optimal membranes. The modeling and optimization method, which was applied by the researcher is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the Central Composite Design (CCD) design, the low level included for both factors is 2% concentration, and the high level is 4% concentration, with a total of 13 experimental designs. The result of the suggested model is a quadratic model. While on the optimization result, the optimum solution result is from a combination of 3.25% alginate and 2.91% chitosan concentration, which yield tensile strength value of 0.24 kgf/cm 2 with a desirability value of 0.84. The validation results are withdrawn from the three test samples resulted in an average tensile strength of 0.25 kgf/cm 2 where this value differed 1.2% from the predicted results. The validation results are considered acceptable because the value is still within the acceptable error threshold or below 5%.


Aims:  The CD133 antigen has been identified as a putative stem cell marker in colorectal cancer tissues. According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, CD133+ cells determine long‐term tumour growth and are therefore suspected of influencing clinical outcome. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of CD133 expression in rectal cancer patients after preoperative radiation and curative resection.


With the development of aerospace technology, space security has become the focus of national attention, and space offensive and defensive technologies have become increasingly important. This article summarizes the attack methods of space satellites and aircraft. It focuses on analyzing three types of space attack technologies: kinetic energy attacks, directed energy attacks, and communication interference. In-depth analysis of anti-satellite missiles, common-orbit satellite interceptors, high-energy lasers, microwaves, particle beams, communication suppression, communication deception and other attack technologies, introduced the maturity and test situation of each technology, and sorted out for further development of space attack and defense technology research Several research directions.


The first eight chapters consider the behaviour of natural systems viewed in fractal terms; essentially statistical descriptions of behaviour. The next six chapters (perhaps one-third of the book) deal with chaotic behaviour in several systems. The basis for the first part of the book is Chapter 2 'Definition of a fractal set'. This is introduced by way of the relationships of fractal dimensions to a number of objects and at various scales. This then leads to Cantor sets and the self-


In this paper, the properties and operation of the virtual-space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM) for a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter with unbalanced dc-links are studied. By quantitatively analyzing the characteristics of the revised space-vector diagram (SVD) with unbalanced dc-links, the defined virtual SVD (VSVD) for the unbalanced case is theoretically proven identical to the VSVD of the conventional virtual-space-vector PWM (VSVPWM) strategy with balanced dc-links. The well-developed and fast-processing methods to calculate the durations of the nearest three virtual vectors for the conventional VSVPWM can be directly utilized. In addition, a control strategy to realize the asymmetric control of the dc-link voltages with VSVPWM is also studied, and this method can adjust the unbalancing degree with a high accuracy for any modulation indexes and load power factors. Simulated and experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness.


An overview of advanced plasma control strategies that are being developed in current fusion test facilities such as DIII-D and NSTX-U in order to meet the challenges of ITER and future fusion power plants will be presented. The ITER fusion reactor, which is under construction, will produce 500 MW of power and pave the way for future fusion power plants. An economically feasible tokamak power plant requires operation at physics parameters that are simultaneously close to the limits of plasma stability and to the technical possibilities of existing materials required at the plasma wall interface. This necessitates operations with high plasma energy content, heat flux, neutron flux, and very long pulse operation, which places novel performance demands in specific areas ranging from plasma boundary and divertor regulation to plasma kinetics. This presentation focuses on the application of advanced control solutions that address these key challenges. After an overview, present solutions that are being developed for heat flux control to avoid damage to the plasma facing components, fusion scenario control to achieve and sustain high fusion energy throughout the whole discharge, and active stability control against various plasma instabilities such as tearing modes to avoid disruption of the plasma will be explained.


At present,the full-text search technology is a hot research by scholars at home and abroad.It takes a text message as retrieval object,allows users to directly access the relevant sections of text,paragraphs or sentences,is the most effective means to accurately position the information required from the mass information.With the dramatic increase in the amount of information,in order to quickly find relevant information in a broad array of information,many application systems adopt the full-text search technology to improve system efficiency of retrieval.


The aim of this study is designing a system which can automatically detects the harvest time of the plant, using data from camera, using image processing. Phase one of our project depends on designing a harvest time decision maker system using image processing. Phase 1, plant grown using Smart greenhouse automation is done. Then, we design integrated system to detect real time harvest time, Ana it is discussed using implementation of IoT and analog devices. In order to detect the harvest time, we use the edge detection algorithms. The result of this study, show quality of the plant, which have 15% of error rate at the left sector, and 20 % of error rate at the right sector. Keywords— Smart greenhouse; android; image processing; edge detection; harvest


The microscopic origin of the giant magnetoresistance in metallic superlattices is ascribed to spin-dependent random exchange potential caused by roughness of the interfaces. The random exchange potential is determined self-consistently by calculating the electronic structure and magnetic moments near the interfaces for Fe/TM and Co/TM superlattices, where TM's denote the transition-metal elements. The tight-binding d-band model and recursion method are used in the calculation. The lifetime of electrons is estimated from the imaginary part of the self-energy produced by scattering of electrons by the random exchange potential


Objectives: To demonstrate the light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry appearances of the valves of lower limb veins and jugular veins of subject with evidence of venous disease. Design: A prospective study of saphenous veins obtained at post mortem examination and jugular vein obtained at time of surgery. Setting: Health Service district general hospital. Patients: Patients with no evidence of venous disease being treated in the hospital for unrelated conditions, or examined at autopsy in the Department of Pathology. Interventions: Sections of saphenous vein from the lower limb and jugular vein were examined using conventional histology, immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy. Main outcome measures: Microscopic and electron microscopic appearances of histological sections of venous valves. Results: The valve agger contains an increased amount of fibrous tissue compared with the vein wall and saphenous and jugular veins. However, in saphenous veins the muscle layer of the wall could be traced across the base of the agger, but this was deficient in jugular valves. Electron microscopic examination showed that most of the valve cusp was composed of collagen fibrils, aggregated in irregularly arranged bundles. Elastic fibre material was present in the subendothelial zones. Nerve and muscle fibres were not present in the cusp. Conclusions: Valve cusps in both high and low pressure systems are similar, and the authors suggest that cusp/agger/vein wall complex is important for valve function.


This study explores the still under-investigated phenomenon of the development of behavioral competencies in higher education settings. We carried out a study on a sample of graduate students enrolled in different disciplinary academic programs in a public university located in northern Italy. We analyzed their emotional, social and cognitive competencies (by adopting a research method that includes a multi-rater approach), comparing them with those expected by a sample of recruiting companies and with those developed by the teachers. Moreover, this study provides preliminary evidence on the impact of a set of characteristics related to the academic learning environment (such as the teaching methods) on the students' competency profile, correlating these variables with single competencies and clusters.


Objective:To study the anti tumor activity and toxicity of GP Methods:MTT method was used to examine the cytotoxicity of GP in normal cells and the cytotoxic activity of GP against several human cancer cell lines S180 tumor bearing mice used as an animal model,the tumor inhibition, survival days and acute toxicity of GP were measured Result:The results showed that there were no toxic activities in the range of the experimental concentration, and GP could inhibit the growth and proliferation of human carcinoma cells listed above in a dose dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, it was able to kill PC 3m cell significantly and thus showed the potential value in the treatment of human prostate cancer. The results also revealed that increase of tumor weights in mouse was obviously inhibited, and death of the tumor bearing mice was delayed and the survival rate was raised. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of GP in mice was 2 735.27 mg·kg -1 , and the ranges of 95% confidence limit was 1 931.97~ 3 872.58 mg·kg -1 . It indicated that GP was a low toxic material. Conclusion:As a low toxic material,it is found that GP have potential application in anti tumor therapy


Although several second messengers are known to be involved in invertebrate photoresponses, the mechanism underlying invertebrate phototransduction remains unclear. In the present study, brief injection of inositol trisphosphate into Hermissendaphotoreceptors induced a transient Na+ current followed by burst activity, which accurately reproduced the native photoresponse. Injection of Ca2+ did not induce a significant change in the membrane potential but potentiated the native photoresponse. Injection of a Ca2+ chelator decreased the response amplitude and increased the response latency. Injection of cGMP induced a Ca2+-dependent, transient depolarization with a short latency. cAMP injection evoked Na+-dependent action potentials without a rise in membrane potential. Taken together, these results suggest that phototransduction in Hermissenda is mediated by Na+ channels that are directly activated by inositol trisphosphate without mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+.


The rapid development of information technology and its use in all fields has a positive influence on all fields , and financial markets have a share of this development through the use of an electronic trading system to settle transactions and enhance transparency and disclosure in all activities of these markets and stimulate their performance .
It is worth nothing that these revolutions remove the necessity for nonstop connection with persons through the internet or phone networks, The development in transportations expertise allows for quicker ordering then transfer of marketplace information to a bigger collection of participants .
The growing of electronic trading system on an global origin has been phenomenal , Central securities depository system is an integrated work system that of operations aims to control the movement of trading in the stock market and ensure the safety of operations , therefore legislation worked to organize the work of central securities depository some of them devoted complete laws that explain the features of this organization and everything related to its work .
This study has reached a number of conclusions , perhaps the most important of them are that the use of the electronic trading system as an alternative to the to the manual trading and deposit system gave great flexibility and different information to brokers that made it easier for them to know the executed and unimplemented processes and carrying out an analysis of the conditions of the companies whose shares are traded faster and achieving transparency and safety for dealers .
The study has come out for a number of recommendations , perhaps the most important of them are that the big and correct procedure of the electronic trading mechanism must be continuous during the future period , it has a clear impact by avoiding human errors .


The photovoltaic performance of devices fabricated using three iridium complexes (1, 2, and 3) containing different main ligands (1-phenylisoquinoline, (4-isoquinolin-1-yl-phenyl)diphenylamine, and 1-pyren-1-yl-isoquinoline for 1, 2, and 3, respectively) was investigated. Two different devices, one fabricated by spin coating and one produced by vacuum deposition, were tested. Among the bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJCs) fabricated by spin coating, the cell fabricated using 2 had the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE, 0.50%). The PCEs of 1 and 3 were 0.43% and 0.34%, respectively. These results suggested that the superior hole-transport ability of the triphenylamine moiety in 2 was responsible for the high photovoltaic performance of the device fabricated using this complex. This assumption was confirmed by fabricating electron-only devices using the three Ir complexes and comparing the turn-on voltage of each device. The photovoltaic performance of device C fabricated by the vacuum co-deposition of 2 and C60 in a 50 nm-thick active layer was 50% higher than that of device A (bilayer heterojunction solar cell) and device B (fabricated by the co-deposition of 2 and C60 with a 30 nm-thick active layer).


Objective In order to search for metabolic biomarkers of antihypertensive drug responsiveness, we measured >600 biochemicals in plasma samples of subjects participating in the GENRES Study. Hypertensive men received in a double-blind rotational fashion amlodipine, bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide and losartan, each as a monotherapy for one month, with intervening one-month placebo cycles. Methods Metabolomic analysis was carried out using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Full metabolomic signatures (the drug cycles and the mean of the 3 placebo cycles) became available in 38 to 42 patients for each drug. Blood pressure was monitored by 24-h recordings. Results Amlodipine (P values down to 0.002), bisoprolol (P values down to 2 x 10−5) and losartan (P values down to 2 x 10−4) consistently decreased the circulating levels of long-chain acylcarnitines. Bisoprolol tended to decrease (P values down to 0.002) the levels of several medium- and long-chain fatty acids. Hydrochlorothiazide administration was associated with an increase of plasma uric acid level (P = 5 x 10-4) and urea cycle metabolites. Decreases of both systolic (P = 0.06) and diastolic (P = 0.04) blood pressure after amlodipine administration tended to associate with a decrease of plasma hexadecanedioate, a dicarboxylic fatty acid recently linked to blood pressure regulation. Conclusions Although this systematic metabolomics study failed to identify circulating metabolites convincingly predicting favorable antihypertensive response to four different drug classes, it provided accumulating evidence linking fatty acid metabolism to human hypertension.


Makassar has a lot of potential tourist attractions that a tourist destination for tourists, each tourist has advantages and disadvantages which become the basis of consideration by every traveler in determining the sights you want to visit. It required a system that could allow potential travelers in determining the sights you want to visit.
Design of decision support system for the selection of these sights using fuzzy tahani using three fuzzy variables, namely funding, distance, and time to visit is the choice of criteria by potential tourists, and decision support system is designed web-based so that it can be used by anyone who terkonekasi with Internet.
Decision support system is expected to facilitate prospective tourists or sipengambil decision in selecting the sites you want to visit by potential tourists in accordance with the criteria chosen.


Family routines improve family stability. However, it is unclear what impedes the formation of stable routines after life transitions. In this paper we discuss normative challenges that 10, mostly low-income, couples face in managing routines after becoming parents. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: temporal incongruence, schedule derailment, and factors that increase task and temporal complexity. The seven sub-themes of the latter theme were transport limitations, workplace schedules, extended family involvement, child-related difficulties, health complications, incongruence between family member needs, and a composite of these factors. Results underscore the need to address context-specific family challenges related to time restrictions and scheduling.


ABSTRACT Objective: Congenital prothrombin deficiency is one of the rarest clotting disorders. It is commonly subdivided in Type I defects or cases of 'true' prothrombin deficiency characterized by a concomitant decrease in FII activity and antigen and in Type II or dysprothrombinemias, in which FII activity is low but FII antigen is normal or near normal. A bleeding tendency, often a severe one, is the hallmark of the two-defects even though the bleeding is usually less severe in the Type 2 defects or dysprothrombinemias. Patients and Methods: An extensive search of published cases of prothrombin deficiency was carried out in Pubmed and Scopus. The search started in 2012, after the publication of the first family with dysprothrombinemia and venous thrombosis. A few additional families were found. Results: Recent studies have demonstrated that the Type 2 defects are heterogeneous. Several heterozygous mutations involving the Arg596 residue of exon 14 have been demonstrated not be associated with a bleeding tendency but, surprisingly, with venous thromboses. Mutations in close areas of prothrombin have failed to show the same pattern. Conclusions: These observations have required a reclassification of prothrombin defects. To the Type I and Type II defects, a Type III has to be added characterized by the absence of bleeding and the presence of venous thrombosis. It is not clear yet if this special variant of Type II defect is limited to the Arg596 mutations or if other residues may be involved.


This article synthesizes Spigel's research on the introduction of television and new technologies into the home. It looks at changing conceptions of 'media households' over the course of the last 50 years. The 'home theater' represents the media house of the 1950s; the 'mobile home' corresponds to the introduction of portable television in the 1960s; and the 'smart home' is the contemporary model of digital domesticity. The article considers how these changing models of home incorporate reigning middle class ideologies about family life for their respective times.


In this paper we discusses in details the effect of the gate equivalent series resistance, ESR, of switching power MOSFETs on different aspects of loss mechanisms when used in DC-DC converters. The loss mechanisms addressed are current rise and fall times, die current distribution and localized shoot through


【Along with recent changes in the nature of disease, social and environmental conditions and medical care practices, we are faced with a new set of problems for the field of public health. It represents a corresponding increase in importance of the chronic and degenerative diseases. Therefore, it is realized that socio-cultural factors are much more important for these diseases in treatment and prevention. These trends require a real challenge to traditional forms of public health activities in Korea. This paper emphasizes the role of health education in dealing with all aspects of newly appeared health problems on the present stage. It also discusses a brief summary of some of the major trends in the field of health and medical care that have particular behavioral and sociological relevance.】


The ability to learn a second language becomes difficult for adults, but not impossible. While implicit processes that can contribute to acquisition of syntax are relatively spared in aging, there are marked deficits in explicit learning, suggesting that language instructions calling on implicit learning might be more effective than that based on explicit learning for older adults. In this experiment, 20 adults ages 66-81 were taught aspects of Latin grammar with either implicit or explicit feedback and were compared to a group of college-age students who previously completed the same task. Overall, the results suggest that the implicit method of teaching the grammar worked better for the older adults but this was not the case for the students. Furthermore, limited exposure to high school Latin markedly increased the ability of older adults to learn the grammar. There were no significant age deficits in learning when only those without previous Latin experience were compared, which bodes well for older adults with strong motivations to learn a second language. Aging and Acquisition of Latin 3 Introduction The critical period hypothesis, first proposed by Penfield and Roberts (1959), suggests that language acquisition becomes significantly impaired if not impossible after a certain age. Since the time the idea was first introduced to neurolinguistics, several researchers have argued over the age at which second language acquisition becomes virtually impossible. Hyltenstam and Abrahamsson (1992) claimed that after the age of 7, people would not be able to attain a nativelike proficiency if their conversations were carefully analyzed. Ellis (1996) and Birdsong (2006) set the age higher, at just before puberty and before the age of 16, respectively. Johnson and Newport (1989) proposed that there are two critical periods with different rates of decline in ability to pick up elements of language. Scovel (1988) proposed that pronunciation is the only aspect of language that is subject to the critical period. Whichever aspect of language is affected, several of these researchers agree that the critical period applies not only to the acquisition of a first language, but also to second language acquisition. While it is evident that adults have more difficulty in acquiring a second language, the critical period hypothesis has been nearly dismissed by researchers. Instead, most current research adopts the idea that the ability to learn a second language decreases steadily with increasing age. Hakuta and Bialystok (2003) used 1990 census data to disprove the idea of the critical period hypothesis in second language acquisition. In their study, they examined native Chinese and Spanish speakers who moved to the United States. By including factors such as age of immigration and level of education, they were able to create a regression that represented level of language acquisition versus age. In their study, Hakuta and Bialystok looked at data from people ages 10-70 who had been in the United States for at least 10 years. If a critical period in second language acquisition does exist, the slope of the regression would be markedly different Aging and Acquisition of Latin 4 before and after the proposed critical age range. Instead of finding a plateau characteristic of a critical period, they found a negative linear relationship between age and the ability to learn a second language. Several researchers have agreed that there is a linear decline in the ability to learn a second language with age instead of a critical period (Singleton 2001, Midford and Kirsner 2005, Hyltenstam and Abrahamsson 2000, Birdsong 2006). Several studies have examined the effect of age of arrival in a new country (and subsequent age of acquisition) on a person's ability to pick up the language of that country. Birdsong (2006) noted that there is a negative correlation between age of arrival and ultimate attainment of a second language. He also found that later ages of arrival often led to more errors in grammatical judgment and a higher degree of a non-native accent. Flege and Yeni-Komshiam (1999) examined native Korean speakers trying to learn English and also found that the strength of their foreign accent was positively correlated with the age of arrival in a new country. In addition, they used a grammatical judgment task to assess the morphosyntax of the Korean speakers and found that the degree of native-like morphosyntax was negatively correlated with the age of arrival in America. Adults can attain a native-like proficiency in a foreign language Several studies suggest that with significant exposure, adults can approach native-like proficiency in a second language. Marinova-Todd (2003) tested 30 adults who arrived in an English-speaking country after the age of 16 and who had been living in an English-speaking country for at least 5 years. Participants were tested on nine measures including pronunciation, spontaneous speech, read alouds, morphosyntactic accuracy, lexicon, and narrative language. In the study, 3 subjects were indistinguishable from native speakers on all 9 measures and an additional 6 subjects were indistinguishable from native speakers on 7 measures. Birdsong Aging and Acquisition of Latin 5 (1992) examined 20 English speakers with an average age of 40 who were first exposed to French after puberty and found that 15 of them reached native-like abilities in grammar judgment with significant exposure to the language. Bongaerts et al. (2000) studied advanced late learners of Dutch and found that adults (with a mean age of 40) could demonstrate a native-like accent with enough opportunity to practice the language. These studies prove that while learning a second language may be more difficult at an older age, it is not necessarily impossible. Rossi et al. (2006) examined event related potentials in late learners (19-40 years of age) of a second language to compare their neural experience of a language to native speakers. Nonnative subjects were exposed to tasks in German and Italian that had word category violations and morphosyntactic agreement violations and their responses were compared to native speakers. High proficiency late learners of German and Italian had the same ERPs as native speakers during the task, whereas low proficiency late learners had ERPs that were significantly different from native speakers. The results suggest that it might be the level of proficiency in a second language, not age of acquisition, that accounts for the differences between late learners and native speakers. This study also showed that late learners of a second language could be proficient to the level where their neural processing of the second language is the same as native speakers. Different aspects of language are processed in different brain regions Ullman (2001) examined the declarative-procedural model as it relates to languages. Through brain imaging and looking at the differences between Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease along with the differences between anterior and posterior aphasias, he was able to show that syntax is processed mainly in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia whereas lexicon is a function of the medial-temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus. Birdsong (2006) noted that Aging and Acquisition of Latin 6 while episodic memory, associative memory, and semantic memory show marked age deficits, there are fewer declines in procedural memory throughout the lifetime. Therefore, the ability to process grammar while learning a second language may be relatively spared in aging. The learning of vocabulary, however, may prove more difficult due to the declines in associative and semantic memory. Individual differences and their effects on distinct language processes While general factors related to aging may contribute the most to the difficulties in learning a second language throughout one's lifetime, individual differences also play a role. McGeorge and Crawford (1997) looked at psychometric intelligence and its effects on series completion, grammar completion, and other tasks that are related to learning a second language. Overall, scores on the WAIS were less related to implicit tasks than to explicit tasks. This suggests that the greatest variability among late language learners may arise in the area of lexicon rather than grammar. Gebauer and Mackintosh (2007) supported the notion that abilities in implicit learning are not dependent upon the level of psychometric intelligence. Using Reber's (1967) artificial grammar task, a serial learning task, and a process control task, the researchers showed that when subjects received implicit instructions on the tasks, their performance was not correlated to measures of psychometric intelligence. Bley-Vroman (1990) proposed a hypothesis for why success in second language acquisition has more variability than in first language acquisition. While people learning a first language have access to universal grammar—the innate ability to pick up on common regularities and principles of grammar that is equal among individuals, late learners of a second Aging and Acquisition of Latin 7 language are without this tool and success is more closely tied to cognitive differences between individuals. This theory became known as the Fundamental Differences Hypothesis. Age-related cognitive factors and second language acquisition There are several factors that could contribute to the difficulty in learning a second language with increasing age. Park (2000) suggests that the three main deficits that occur with cognitive aging are decreases in working memory, processing speed, and inhibitory control. Decreased suppression makes it more difficult to think in the second language instead of relying on one's first language. If these factors do influence second language acquisition, there will be a lot of variability in older peoples' ability to learn a second language because there is a wide range i


This report details the analysis of mammal bones recovered from one of the four trenches excavated at the medieval fishing station of Gufuskálar during the summer of 2011. During excavation it was noted that there seemed to be a high proportion of mammal bones recovered which correspond with high quality cuts of meat. This was counter to assumptions regarding the economic status of fishermen during the medieval era as these cuts of meat would be rather expensive. The preliminary zooarchaeological analysis from Trench 8 suggests that the people fishing at Gufuskálar were eating rather well.


Abstract This study, in view of the global importance of the Sustainable Development Goals and the current under-development of public library services in Ghana, aims to examine the role of academic libraries in promoting knowledge and skills for lifelong learning opportunities among students in Ghana. The research population comprised three (3) Heads and three (3) Deputy Librarians of selected academic institutions. Participants were identified using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using one-on-one interview, non-participatory observation and documentary evidence. The study has identified some fundamental issues in relation to lifelong learning. The findings support the fact that academic institutions contribute significantly to lifelong learning by providing access to relevant information, giving trainings on research publications, as well as search strategy training, communication skills training, information literacy, and reading. This paper provides insights for academic librarians and decision makers in disseminating measures for the promotion of knowledge and skills for lifelong learning opportunities among students in Ghana. The study recommends some relevant strategies such as collaboration of academic libraries and educational associations.


The methods of transforming vague sets into fuzzy sets were analyzed,and the insufficient of the existing methods was pointed out.A new conversion method based on a three-dimensional representation of the vague set was proposed,and its effectiveness and intuitive were illustrated by examples.


Purpose
This paper aims to research the corrosion behavior of the metal under the disbonded coatings interfered with AC through electrochemical method.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion behavior of the metal under disbond coating interfered with alternate stray current (AC) was studied by electrochemical methods using the rectangular coating disbonded simulator. The obtained data from electrode potential test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves in simulated soil solution indicated that under the natural corrosion condition, the self-corrosion potential and the corrosion current density of the metal at different depths under disbond coating had obviously changed if there was AC interference.

Findings
The self-corrosion potential of the metal at the same depths under disbond coating shifted negatively with the rising of the AC voltage. Under the condition of cathode polarization, there was still obvious potential gradient with the extension of the deep peeling of the coating gap, and the corrosion current density of the test points was minimum, and the protection effect was best when the cathode protection potential was −1.0 V. When the metal was applied with over-protection, the corrosion rate of the metal increased as AC stray current flowing through it increased.

Originality/value
This paper used the rectangular aperture device to study the corrosion behavior of X80 steel under the disbonded coatings through electrochemical methods when the AC stray current interference voltage was 0V, 1V, 5V or 10V and the protection potential was 0V, −0.9V, −1.0V, −1.2V or −1.3V, respectively. There is great significance to the safe operation and long-term service of pipeline steel in soil environment.


In this paper, the influencing factors of springback for air-bending of sheet metal are introduced. The bending springback in various process parameters is simulated with a ABAQUS FEA software. The influence of different parameters on bending springback is investigated and some effective methods for predicting and restricting sringback are put forward.


Student satisfaction is the top priority of educational institutions. The focus of this research is designing and implementing a balanced scorecard for educational institutes. Kaplan and Norton developed the concept of a balanced scorecard framework. This framework is broadly applied by both profit and non-profit institutions. Higher educational organisations are under a continuous burden to gather as many students as they can. In this competitive market, there are a lot of factors which contribute to the selection of the institute where students want to study. This research aims to analyse the trends of students and factors which contribute to student selection of an institute. This framework will be utilised to investigate student satisfaction which will contribute to strategic planning and improving performance. The method used in this research was interviews with pupils, which were used to measure their satisfaction, views, and opinions. There is an overall good level of student satisfaction. There are some areas which need attention and suggestions from students can help improve performance. Results derived can also be used for future strategic planning and help in management decisions, and further modification of the frameworks will definitively contribute to a high level of performance and better student satisfaction.


The paper discusses a method of vibration phase demodulation signal realization, which is used in high-speed vibration data acquisition system and the method is valid in practice proving. It has high application value in the period of getting rotating system phase demodulation.


Images on head-coupled systems are delayed by latencies in measuring head position and generating computer graphics. The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the effects of time delays on head tracking performance; 2) to evaluate the use of an image deflection technique to reduce deleterious effects of delayed images; and 3) to investigate the application of a head position prediction algorithm to enhance the benefits of image deflection. There were significant decreases in head tracking performance when lags of 40 ms or more were added to a system with an inherent 40 ms lag. Lag compensation by image deflection significantly improved tracking performance with lags up to 380 ms. However, by deflecting the delayed image back to its prelag angular position, part of the picture was displaced beyond the edge of the screen. The amount of deflection required was reduced by a simple means of predicting the position of the head before applying deflection. Improved means of predicting head position would further reduce the required image deflection.


This paper examines the influence of simplified vertical discretization using 50- to four- layer models and ensemble size on history matching and predictions of groundwater age for a national scale model of New Zealand (approximately 265,000 km2). A reproducible workflow using a combination of opensource tools and custom python scripts is used to generate three models that use the same model domain and underlying data with only the vertical discretization changing between the models. The iterative ensemble smoother approach is used for history matching each model to the same synthetic dataset. The results show that: 1) the ensemble based mean objective function is not a good indicator of model predictive ability, 2) predictive failure from model structural errors in the simplified models are compounded by history matching, especially when small (<100 member) ensembles are used, 3) predictive failure rates increase with iteration, 4) predictive failure rates for the simplified model reach 30–65% using 50-member ensembles, but stabilize at relatively low values (<10%) using the 300 member ensemble, 5) small (50 member) ensembles contribute to predictive failure of 22–30% after six iterations even in structurally "perfect" models, 6) correlation-based localization methods can help reduce prediction failure associated with small ensembles by up to 45%, 7) the deleterious effects of model simplification and ensemble size are problem specific. Systematic investigation of these issues is an important part of the model design, and this investigation process benefits greatly from a scripted, reproducible workflow using flexible, opensource tools.


The accumulated damage that a product experiences in the field due to the variety of stresses placed upon it will eventually cause a failure. These failure modes can be replicated in the laboratory using random vibration testing. During the past several years, the vibration industry has been introduced to kurtosis control - a new technique that brings about these failure modes in the laboratory in a more realistic and speedy fashion. The fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) is an effective tool that can show the damage a product will experience at a particular frequency and the effect kurtosis control has on the random vibration test. Kurtosis control is a more effective method than traditional random vibration tests because it brings products to failure more quickly. The fatigue damage spectrum shows the increasing fatigue damage across all frequencies that accompany the increased kurtosis levels that cause the faster product failure. The FDS is another great tool that clearly illustrates the effectiveness of kurtosis control.


Based on long-term data collection, quite extensive and detailed data on the distribution of plant species is available for many parts of the world (for North America e.g. the USDA plants database plants.usda.gov; for Europe the Atlas Florae Europaeae http://www.luomus.fi/english/botany/afe). The analysis of species distribution patterns has led to the identification of vegetation zones which divide a given geographic region into zones of relatively homogeneous species composition. Based on manual analysis, vegetation zones were already studied in the 19th century. Algorithmic methods of hierarchical clustering were developed by Orloci [2], and applied to Swiss distribution data by Wohlgemuth [3]. Traditional methods of floristic analysis lead to a single division (or possibly a hierarchical division, providing views at different levels of granularity) of the geographic region. However, the division so obtained is in fact a combination of multiple environmental, geographic or historical factors that influence the distribution of a plant species. Each of these factors (or combinations of some of them) defines a division of its own of the underlying geographic area. The identification and analysis of the most relevant factors underlying species distribution patterns in a particular geographic region is necessary for an understanding of observed vegetation zones and biological diversity, and the protection of endangered habitats. Multiple clustering is a recently emerging area in Machine Learning that investigates techniques for computing multiple clusterings of a dataset, where the different clusterings provide alternative views of the structure in the data. We propose a specific method for multiple clustering that is well-suited for highdimensional 0/1-valued data, and is designed to create clusterings which can be interpreted as causal factors that influence the values in each dimension. We apply this factorial clustering method to the distribution data of 2398 plant species over a division of Switzerland into 565 mapping areas. First results show that the method constructs clusterings corresponding to interpretable and meaningful distribution factors.


We give a status report on inclusive rare B decays, highlighting recent developments and open problems. We focus on the decay modes B → Xs,dγ, B → Xsl + l − and B → Xsν¯ and on their role in the search for new physics. Most of the inclusive rare B decays are important modes of flavour physics due to the small hadronic uncertainties. They can be regarded as laboratories to search for new physics. We collect the experimental data already available from CLEO and the B factories BABAR and BELLE. We review the NLL and NNLL QCD calculations of the inclusive decay rates that were recently completed, and discuss future prospects, especially the issue of the charm mass scheme ambiguity. Finally, we analyse the phenomenological impact of these decay modes, in particular on the CKM phenomenology and on the indirect search for supersymmetry.


Autonomous driving and robotics play an important role in smart cities. SLAM technology is the core of its perception module. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has become a application hotspot in the field of the urban traffic in recent years. Most SLAM algorithms are time-consuming and thus their real-time performance is difficult to be guarantee. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved ORBSLAM3 speeding-up algorithm based on Gtsam(Georgia Tech Smoothing and Mapping). The factor graph optimizer based on Gtsam library is used to describe the local map BA and solve the pose BA to improve computing efficiency. The Experimental results based on Euroc data set show that Gtsam improves the running speed of tracking thread by 13%-15% compared with g2o, and the rmse of absolute track error analysis decrease by 0.21.


From 1976 to 1980, there were 3,193 admissions due to acute drug overdosage at the resuscitation centre of the Rudolf-Virchow-Hospital, Free University of Berlin. The frequency and the charaeteristics of selfpoisoning with antidepressants and low-potency neuroleptic drugs (mainly perazine and thioridazine) were determined. These drugs were involved in 92 cases (3 %) during this five-year period.


In the modern internet world, internet has great influence over college students. The paper analyses the negative effect and put forward 4 countermeasures: improving the teachers' internet quality, fostering college students' adaptability, strengthening internet management and the campus culture construction.


"Communication" is widely employed in social movement and terrorism studies in the description of symbolic structures related to protest mobilisation and clandestine political violence. This article argues, however, that common understandings of communication over-emphasise its instrumental aspects and therefore cannot fully consider the term's conceptual opportunities. In response, this article conceptualises an analytical approach to clandestine political violence within a social movement framework, according to a Luhmannian understanding of communication as the mode of social differentiation. The theoretical argument is illustrated by empirical examples from the era of "armed struggle" in Western Europe.


Over the past two decades, China's R&D intensity has surged. The institutional arrangements underlying this surge remain unclear. We study the notable restructuring of the country's 5,000 research institutes, begun in 1999. This study first reviews the evolution of China's research institute sector over the period 1995–2010. Then applying OLS, fixed effects, event study and propensity score analysis to institute level data, we find the restructuring programme has accomplished some of its goals. The converted Science and Technology enterprises shifted towards a more commercial mission, the institutes converted to non‐profit research institutes have focused on a more research‐oriented mission.


The Bose et al.-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) experiment [S. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240401 (2017); C. Marletto and V. Vedral, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240402 (2017)] aims to prove that spacetime is nonclassical by observing entanglement generated by gravity. However, local hidden variable theories (LHVTs) can simulate the entangled correlations. We propose to extend the entanglement generated by the BMV experiment to distant quantum particles in a Bell experiment. Violating a Bell inequality would rule out LHVTs, providing a stronger proof of the nonclassicality of spacetime than the BMV proposal.


More and more Party and government organs and whose staffs open political blog with the rapid development of microblog,which had played an important positive role in social management innovation,government information publication,news public opinion guide,calls to listen to people and setting up the image of the government.The paper analyzes the transmission mode and characteristics of microblog,studying the impacts of "microblog asked political" to the government public service mode,and proposing the innovation path of government public service mode under new media context.


Word embeddings, learning syntactic and semantic relationships between words from the raw text, are known to achieve superior performance in many prediction and classification tasks. In this paper, we aim to show how word embedding techniques can work on a high number of nontextual data, thus has new applicability in cyber security. Specifically, we build neural embeddings with a large amount of network log data (KDD CUP'99 dataset) and train several classification models using the learned neural embeddings. Our experiment results demonstrate that the vector representations successfully learn useful features from non-textual data, similar to how classic word embeddings do with natural language and can achieve a high F1 score for both binary (normal vs. abnormal) and multi-class (DOS, Probe, U2R, R2L, and normal) classifications. We also demonstrate that the classification algorithms using the embedded vectors can maintain fairly high accuracy even when training data is very small.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate cross protection provided by administration of contagious ecthyma vaccines against strains of orf virus in goats.

ANIMALS
126 Boer-Spanish crossbred goats (3 to 20 days old).

PROCEDURES
85 goats were vaccinated with a goat-derived contagious ecthyma vaccine. Of these, 41 were challenge exposed with the virus strain for the contagious ecthyma vaccine, 40 were challenge exposed with a more virulent field strain of orf virus, and 4 were lost to predation or died. Another 41 goats were vaccinated with a vaccine produced from a more virulent field strain of orf virus; of these, 18 were challenge exposed with the virus strain of the goat-derived contagious ecthyma vaccine, 18 were challenge exposed with the more virulent field strain of orf virus, and 5 were lost to predation or died.

RESULTS
Vaccination with the goat-derived contagious ecthyma vaccine did not significantly reduce the number of goats with lesions or lesion severity caused by challenge exposure with the more virulent field strain of orf virus. Vaccination with the vaccine produced from the more virulent field strain of orf virus significantly reduced the number of goats with lesions attributable to challenge exposure with the virus strain of the goat-derived contagious ecthyma vaccine, but it failed to significantly reduce lesion severity.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Vaccination did not result in cross protection for the 2 strains of orf virus. This may have been attributable to antigenic differences and may be a factor in outbreaks of contagious ecthyma in vaccinated goats.


An interline dynamic voltage restorer (IDVR) is a novel c o m p e n s a t i o n piece of equipment for sag mitigation It is made of several dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) with a common dc link, here each DVR is connected in series with a distribution feeder. In the sag period, active power is transferred from a feeder to other one and voltage sags with long durations can be mitigated. IDVR compensation capacity, still, depends on the load power factor, and a superior load power factor causes lower presentation of IDVR. To beat this limitation, a novel design is obtainable in this paper which facilitate sinking the load power factor under sag conditions and, so, the compensation capacity is enhanced. The proposed IDVR make use of two cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters to infuse ac voltage with lower total harmonic distortion and eliminates the necessity to low-frequency isolation transformers in one side. The validity of the planned configuration is verified by simulations in the MATLAB environment. The Proposed IDVR is applied to the 6.6kv and extension applied to the 11kv transmission lines then, observed that compensation capacity of IDVR is improved.


The preparation process of alumina fine porous membranes on porous tubular alumina supports by a dip-coating method was studied. The supports have a rather wide pore distribution with a mean pore size of 12 μm . The influence of solid volume fraction and coating time on the pore size, distribution and appearance of the membrane was discussed. Membranes with smooth surface and a relatively narrow pore size distribution were obtained. Based on the experimental results, we put forward a simple model to more clearly understand the process of wet membrane formation.


This research analyzed the importance of competencies within the development of the cooperative system through the case study of the Tejemujeres Women's Artisan Cooperative, for which a documentary and field investigation was conducted with a descriptive and explanatory scope under a mixed approach. The importance of cooperatives as tools of social cohesion has been considered due to the progress of their members, their strengthening of social capital, and generation of the necessary conditions to adapt to the demands of the place in which they operate. From this perspective, research tools such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups were implemented for a total of 85 participants of the entity under a census and incidental sample approach to analyze each of the responses under the Working With People model, from its dimensions: ethical-social, technical-business, and political-contextual. These responses have been collected in such a way that the skills of the most significant relevance to artisans are identified, which have allowed the strengthening of the cooperative system. The results demonstrate the level of incidence of a group of indigenous women from the rural area of the Gualaceo canton. The development of their skills has participated in the construction and implementation of a social model of company cooperative that—due to the complexity of its members and its environment—must face several scenarios to adequately articulate the social-business vision and achieve its sustainability over time.


A new process,that distillery wastewater from sweet potato was treated high efficiently and stably by an improved UASB reactor,was studied.The chemical oxygen demand(COD) and suspended solid(SS) concentration of the wastewater typically ranged between 36 720~43 890 and 8370~11 400 mg·L-1,respectively.Under the condition of mesophilic digestion,COD loading rates(ORLs) of 28.86~34.5 kg·m-3d-1,COD removal efficiencies were stably 92%~93% and that of ss were higher than 90.7%.Biogas production rate of COD was up to 0.55m3·kg-1.


A collaborative experimental research program has been established between industry and university partners to evaluate the subcritical behavior of fresh and spent highly enriched fuel assemblies at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). This proposed program will involve a series of subcritical measurements using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) developed {sup 252}Cf source-driven noise technique. Measurements evaluating the subcritical behavior of simple arrays of fresh MURR assemblies will be performed for evaluating the spectral effects of materials typically found in shipping casks such as lead, steel, aluminum, and boron. Also, measurements will be performed on spent assemblies to characterize physics parameters which may be useful in determining the subcritical behavior of fuels for reactivity credit of actinide burnup and fission product poisoning.


This paper presents the seasonal and longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) based on geomagnetic variation data from two electrojet stations in the northern Indian Ocean at a longitudinal separation of ~15°: i.e., at 77°E and at 93°E. One complete year of data is used (i.e., from November 2011 to October 2012) at the two longitudes and compared with the climatological model of the equatorial electrojet (EEJM‐2.0). The results of our analysis show that (i) the monthly averaged hourly values of EEJ strength at 77°E and 93°E are overall in agreement with global characteristics of EEJ with significant departures over the year of study, (ii) the monthly average hourly daytime values at Campbell Bay and Vencode show poor correlation (r < 0.7) for 5 out of 10 months, (iii) comparison of observed EEJ strength at respective longitudes and the current densities derived from EEJM‐2.0 show overall agreement with significant differences for monthly mean hourly daytime values at respective longitudes, and (iv) day‐to‐day variability in noontime EEJ amplitudes between the two longitudes is >10 nT, >20 nT for 30% of quiet days, sorted by planetary index (Kp) <1 and <2. This variability is reflected in monthly average values (V) mechanisms for persistent differences in EEJ on day‐to‐day basis are sought from perturbation of westward ion drifts by neutral winds caused by the upward propagation of gravity waves from troposphere/stratosphere into the mesosphere. These mechanisms have been identified theoretically and experimentally. The four‐wave structure of ionospheric current densities obtained by EEJM‐2.0 and other contemporary models closely resembles atmospheric tidal signatures and has a common origin. The magnitude and persistence of these differences, at short spatial scales (15°), are significant observation. These effects are reflected in the monthly and seasonal signatures of EEJ and contribute to the contemporary models.


Several fluid circulation events are recorded in the Aquitaine Basin and the Chaînons Béarnais in the Pyrenean belt of southwestern France. Different fluid types are found in all locations studied. The main difference comes from the thermal peak event (rifting), which was more intense in the Chaînons Béarnais close to the exhumed mantle zone. In situ gas analysis associated of fluid inclusions and isotopic (C, O, H, S) analyses show that similar fluids are generated in both systems, although separated by deep structures, e.g. the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT). The Pyrenean tectonic history leads to the compartmentalization of fluid circulations.


The only curative treatment option for a large proportion of patients suffering from a liver disorder is liver transplantation. The use of ex vivo genetically modified autologous liver cells instead of whole liver transplantation could overcome the problem of donor scarcity. Even though clinical trials have shown that transplantation of liver cells is feasible, long-term outcome is disappointing due to poor translation of animal studies to humans amongst others. In the present thesis, we sought out to solve this problem by developing a mouse with a "humanized liver", which would serve as an excellent in vivo model for studies on liver-directed cell and gene therapy. The aim of the present thesis was to identify cells that are suitable for liver engraftment and use these mice with a humanized liver in gene therapy. First we found that human fetal liver sinusoidal endothelial cells have the unique ability to engraft and repopulate the mouse liver niche, while macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells fail to do so. In addition, we were unable to generate liver endothelium from human hematopoietic progenitor cells, either by direct transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells or by inducing endothelial regeneration in mice with human immune systems. Furthermore, human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells had a much higher liver engraftment and repopulation potential than human adult hepatocytes. Transplantation of fetal liver hepatocytes (hepatoblastst) failed to generate mature functional liver cells in vivo following transplantation further emphasizing the utility of endothelial cells for liver cell therapy. We subsequently used our model of mice with human liver endothelium to study ex vivo regulated erythropoietin gene therapy and in vivo gene therapy specifically targeted to human endothelium.


Thank you for reading whiteflies their bionomics pest status and management. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this whiteflies their bionomics pest status and management, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


Many people today use social media in one way or another, and many of these platforms have released APIs developers can use to integrate social media in their applications. As many of these platfor ...


1. The problem of minority government 2. The rationality of minority government formation 3. Forming minority governments 4. Minority governments in office 5. Italy: the politics of cooperation and defection 6. Norway: the politics of inclusion 7. Reassessing minority governments Appendices Notes References.


Background : Hypersecretion of mucin due to goblet cell hyperplasia is frequently encountered in many chronic airway diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis. Even in normal individuals, viral infection or bacterial pneumonia frequently provoke huge amounts of bronchial secretions which may cause airway obstruction. The production of mucin was regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vitro2). To know whether this EGF system regulates mucin secretion in vivo and Pseudomonas also stimulates the mucin secretion by the same pathway, we studied these relationships in the cultured rat tracheal epithelial cells. Methods : Rat tracheal epithelial cells were obtained by pronase dissociation from the male Fisher 344 rats. When cells became confluent, they were divided into 6 groups and stimulated with either EGF for 24 hours or Pseudomonas extracts for 12 hours with or without selective EGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG 1478. Results : We found that both EGF and Pseudomonas extracts phosphorylated the tyrosine residue in the EGF receptor from the rat tracheal epithelial cells and this tyrosine phosphorylation was nearly completely blocked by selective EGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG 1478. The mucin secretion was also stimulated by either EGF or Pseudomonas extracts but more strong secretion of mucin and MUC5AC gene expression in the rat tracheal epithelial cell was done by Pseudomonas extracts. Conclusion : These data suggest that Pseudomonas secretes the mucin by way of the EGF receptor and MUC5AC gene expression and the inhibitors of EGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation would be useful to prevent the huge production of mucin due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.


The global incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to present enormous social, economic and health burden. This study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property of ethanolic leaf extract of Nephrolepis undulata on alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Fifty nine adult Wistar rats weighing between 120 -150g were used. Twenty four rats were used for toxicity of the plant, which was showed to have an (LD50)above 3200mg/kg. And thirty five rats were allotted randomly into 7 groups with 5 rats each(n=5). Groups 1 and 2 severed as the untreated non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls respectively. Diabetes was induced using40mg/kg single dose injection of alloxan monohydrate and the treatment groups are metformin, insulin and Nephrolepis undulata. Weekly Body weight and fasting blood glucose level was checked and increase in body weight was observed in groups treated with metformin, insulin and varying doses of Nephrolepis undulata. At the end of the treatment period, laboratory analyses was done and data generated was subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and p values < 0.05 was considered significant. Result showed a decrease in serum fasting blood glucose levels, a decrease in TG, LDL and cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL level across the treatment groups. The result trend observed in this study confirms Nephrolepis undulataas a plant with anti-diabetic potentials.


Abstract : Microwave circuits consisting of two 3 dB hybrids interconnected by nonreciprocal phase shifters have been used to form switches, circulators, etc. The report reviews the properties of these circuits and the multifunction devices (switch-isolators, switch-phase shifters, and switch-phase shifter-isolators) that can be built using these circuits. Use of multifunction devices can result in reduction of insertion loss which would be of advantage for high power applications. (Author)


The third Philippine species of Loxopsis is described as new to science and named Loxopsis waray Lit & Eusebio, n. sp., based on adult females and their eggs, collected from Samar Island. The new species differs from the other Philippine Loxopsis species in having the apex of the subgenital plate excised at the margins and incurved posteriorly in addition to a very long hindwing i. e. reaching the IX abdominal tergite. Its discovery expands the geographi- cal range of the genus northward but maintains the distribution of Loxopsis as confi ned to the Greater Mindanao biogeographic region.


Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are dosage forms that involve drug transport to viable epidermal and or dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. It is one of the best pharmaceutical dosage forms for patients, who cannot take medicaments orally. On the application of transdermal patches, the delivery of the drug across the dermis gives the systemic effect. Advances in transdermal delivery systems (TDS) and the technology involved have been rapid because of the sophistication of polymer science which now allows the incorporation of polymeric additives in TDS in adequate quantity. [1] Careful polymer selection is essential to control the drug loading, release rate, and duration of release. Many polymers can be formulated into various drug delivery systems to address the controlled release, Targeted delivery and solubility enhancement strategies enable improved drug efficacy. The most critical factor in polymer selection is considering the interaction of the drug and polymer. Polymer selection will determine the mechanism of drug release (bulk erosion, system degradation) and the choice of polymer properties (molecular weight, surface charge) will influence release rate and impact pharmacokinetics. This article summarizes the factors contributing to polymers for the formulation aspects of the transdermal drug delivery system and emphasizes the selection criteria and various release patterns of polymers. In addition, Applications, Manufacturing considerations and recent developments of TDDS have also been reviewed. [2]


The relaxation of electron energy by the tail anisotropy instability during lower hybrid current rise in a tokamak is investigated. An unstable tail distribution of electrons is obtained by solving the Fokker-Planck equation combined with a return field and RF associated terms. The quasi-linear relaxation of such an unstable distribution under the influence of plasma waves excited by the instability is examined by evaluating the particle loss due to the toroidal magnetic field ripple. It is found that the energy relaxation on the short timescale of the instability leads to an inward shift of the plasma column, the magnitude of which is of the order of one tenth of the minor radius. The energy loss due to the field ripple on the longer time-scale of parallel diffusion due to lower hybrid waves is also discussed.


This study was conducted during July 2005 in four villages of Swat district with the objective to examine the effect of farmers' circumstances on onion yield. It was observed that farmers in the research area allocated thirty two percent of cropped area to onion crop by cultivating Swat-I and local varieties. The study revealed that farmers having small land holdings, high education level, onion transplanted during the first half of December, more farming experience and have contacts with agriculture department for new technology, received higher yield of onion.


This is a Prospective study to evaluate the effects of whether to use antibiotics or not in the treatment of non-perforated acute appendicitis in children. One hundred & two children with acute appendicitis were operated upon by emergency open appendicectomy in AL-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah Child & Maternity hospital and ALshefa'a General Hospital. In thirty six patients, the appendix was perforated or gangrenous and was excluded from the study. Regarding the remaining 66 patients, 50 patients received antibiotics whether pre-operatively or post-operatively and 16 patients did not receive antibiotics. Both groups were followed postoperatively for development of: fever, wound infection and intra-abdominal abscess for 3 weeks. Post operative fever was observed in 11(22%) of those who received antibiotics compared to only 3(18.75%) of those who did not receive antibiotics. One (2%) of those who received antibiotics compared to zero of those who did not receive antibiotics developed wound infection. None of either groups developed intra-abdominal abscess. Thirty four (68%) of those who received antibiotics and 12(75 %) of those who did not receive antibiotics went home within 3 days of admission. where is 16(32 %) of those who received antibiotics and 4(25 %) of those who did not receive antibiotics stayed in the hospital for a period of 4 days. In conclusion, No administration of antimicrobials to children with non-perforated acute appendicitis did not in anyway increases morbidity but in contrary it reduced hospital cost by way of less medication and shorter hospital stay. Add to this the less inconvenience to the family. Introduction cute appendicitis remains the most common condition requiring emergency surgery in children. It is not uncommonly associated with various complications, wound infection remains the commonest. To overcome this, prophylactic antibiotics have been used, but the use of antibiotics in acute appendicitis whether preoperatively or postoperatively has been always a controversial subject. Several questions still remains unanswered whether a single antimicrobial agent is sufficient and if so should prophylaxis is directed against anaerobic or aerobic bacteria or both and whether antibiotics are really necessary in children with simple non perforated acute appendicitis. A This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of antibiotics in the treatment of non-perforated acute appendicitis in children. Patients & methods During a 2 years period from January 2008 to January 2010, 102 children under the age of 12 years from both sexes with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were admitted to AL-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah Child & Maternity Hospital and AL-shefaa General Hospital. The data were documented on special proforma which included: age, sex, details of symptoms, clinical and operative findings, antimicrobials if any and complications Bas J Surg, 16, September, 2010 21 Does non-perforated appendicitis need antibiotic cover in children? Khalaf Hajem & Adnan AL-Adhab encountered. The use of antibiotics in terms of the type of antibiotics as well as the duration of treatment were determined by the treating surgeon choice or patients allergy to drugs and what is available in hospital at night. The early complications looked for were post operative fever, wound infection, intra peritoneal & pelvic abscess. The number of days in the hospital was also recorded so as to estimate the morbidity of the patients. Provisional diagnosis (either appendicitis or not) made by senior house officer in the casualty unit. Emergency open appendicectomy done for all patients via Grid-iron incision and the state of appendix intra-operatively classified into; simple appendicitis and perforated/gangrenous appendicitis. Primary wound closure was done for all patients, all specimen sent for histopathology. Elective appendicectomies, severely inflamed appendix, perforated/gangrenous appendicitis and appendicular mass/abscess were excluded from this study. The remaining patients were subdivided randomly in to 2 groups: a group of 50 patients who received antibiotics whether pre or post operatively in form of injectable ampicillin alone 100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses or injectable 3 generation cephalosporin alone 100150 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses for period of hospital stay. The other group of 16 patients who did not receive any antibiotics. Both groups were followed postoperatively for 3 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for windows and any P<0.05 was considered significant. Results One hundred two patients less than 12 years of age admitted with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis had appendicectomy. Of whom 36(35.3%) had perforated/gangrenous appendicitis. Of the remaining 66(64.7%) children with non perforated appendicitis, 50 patients received antimicrobial treatment pre or post operatively where as 16 did not receive any antimicrobials therapy. The various antimicrobials given and their doses are shown in table I . Table I: Antimicrobials cover for those with non perforated appendicitis. Bas J Surg, 16, September, 2010 Antibiotics No. of patients Injectable 3 generation cephalosporin alone 100-150 mg/kg/day 18 Injectable Ampicillin alone 100 mg/kg/day 32


The paper concerns the generation of speech sounds the timbre of which simulates the voice quality of dysphonic speakers. The present study will focus on the diplophonia and biphonation which are phonetic symptoms classified in pathologic voices. The proposed synthesizer includes the model of phase delayed overlapping sinusoid (PDOS) to simulate the area glottal waveforms. The glottal flow rate obtained by Rothenberg's model and the vocal tract given by the concatenation of digital resonators (cascade formant synthesizer of Klatt). The preliminary tests show the capacity of our simulator to synthesize the diplophonic and biphonic voices.


Aim. The presented study summarizes the results of the analysis of modern approaches to assessing the higher education system in terms of its impact on the social and economic indicators of a region, describing a stakeholder approach to the classification of factors of a university's influence on regional development.Tasks. The study aims to consider approaches to examining the activities of universities in the context of their impact on the development of a territory; to comparatively analyze social and economic indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the education level of the employed population; to update the list of groups of stakeholders of the higher education system and to describe the parameters of university influence on the objects of one of the groups.Methods. This study analyzes the existing approaches of Russian and foreign researchers to assessing the contribution of the higher education system to socio-economic development as well as official statistics on the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Results. A considerable number of diverse factors characterizing the influence of the higher education system on socio-economic development are identified. The authors describe the contribution of universities to the development of human capital, innovative and economic development, social policy and environmental well-being of the region. It is noted that the university's academic reputation affects the competitiveness of the city and facilitates active international cooperation. A comparison of statistics on the proportion of employees with higher education among the working population (DHE) with various indicators of economic and social development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shows that many regions with a more skilled workforce have higher gross regional product (GRP) per capita, higher life expectancy at birth, and lower working-age mortality than regions with low DHE. There are also negative trends in the higher education system, such as the declining number of university teaching staff over the last ten years. A stakeholder approach to the classification of factors of university influence on regional development is proposed. A group of stakeholders of the higher education system defined as "society" is introduced. The parameters of university influence on this group are described.Conclusions. The existing influence of universities on the socio-economic development of territories makes it necessary to put issues related to creating conditions for the optimization of interaction between various groups of stakeholders of the higher education system on the federal and regional agendas.


The potential of utilizing the dynamics outside the potential well of a device for harvesting energy from vibrations is investigated. A pendulum-type system subjected to parametrical excitation is used to demonstrate the concept. When the dynamics of the device is outside the potential well and stays in stable orbits of period-one rotations, the harvested energy is proportional to the energy level of the orbit. It is neither dependent on the natural frequency of the device nor on the intensity of the excitation. For low-level vibrations, the effectiveness of the proposed method is limited in relatively low frequencies.


Abstra t. We develop a study on lo al polar invariants of planar omplex analyti foliations at ( C 2 , 0) , whi h leads to the hara terization of se ond type foliations and of generalized urve foliations, as well as a des ription of the GSV -index. We apply it to the Poin aré problem for foliations on the omplex proje tive plane P 2 C , establishing, in the di riti al ase, onditions for the existen e of a bound for the degree of an invariant algebrai urve S in terms of the degree of the foliation F . We hara terize the existen e of a solution for the Poin aré problem in terms of the stru ture of the set of lo al separatri es of F over the urve S . Our method, in parti ular, re overs the known solution for the non-di riti al ase, deg( S ) ≤ deg( F ) + 2 .


Afforestation is not subject to development control in Britain, but local planning authorities may exert an influence on it through consultation procedures relating to Forestry Commission planting grants. The operation of these procedures in Scotland in 1988–89 is reviewed. Their analysis suggests a high rate of outcomes in accordance with requests from local planning authorities. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction has been expressed over the working of the consultation procedures. The paradox of apparent performance and dissatisfaction is discussed.


This study reexamines the relationship between abnormal audit fees and audit quality after International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in Korea. Using empirical data collected over the period from 2008 to 2013, this study finds that there exists no significant relationship between abnormal audit fees and audit quality measured by the magnitude of discretionary accruals in the pre-IFRS adoption period. However, the relationship between abnormal audit fees and the magnitude of discretionary accruals turns to be positive in the post-IFRS adoption period. These findings suggest that the IFRS enables some clients to engage more discretion in the choice of discretionary accruals and auditors charge higher fees in return for allowing the discretion for such clients.


Modified rhodamine 6G molecules (Rh\|Al)with polymerizable double bonds were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate(MMA) and 1,8\|naphthalimide derivative(N\|AE).The structures of the two monomers(Rh\|Al and N\|AE)were confirmed and characterized by 1H\|NMR and MS. The UV\|Vis absorption spectra of the copolymer indicate that there is little or no interaction between the two chromophores in their ground state. However, the fluorescence emission of N\|AE was partly quenched and the fluorescence emission of Rh\|Al was enhanced in the copolymer. While the fluorescence emissions of N\|AE and Rh\|Al both were partly quenched in the corresponding mixture. The results show that in the excited state there exists very effective intramolecular singlet\|singlet energy transfer(Intra\|SSET)channel from N\|AE to Rh\|Al in the copolymer. The experiments seem to indicate that the covalent binding of the chromophore to a polymer chain restricts its mobility and,therefore, hinders the internal micromotions of the excited groups, avoiding non\|fluorescent deactivation and thus increasing its emission efficiency and photostability.


In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally how the laser output power of higher-order LGp,l modes generated from the digital laser is amplified by using an extra-cavity Nd: YAG amplifier. Amplification of 42% was realised.


Distance estimation by the evaluation of RSSI measurements is an easy method to predict the position of an unknown node. Therefore common and proven systems can be used for the infrastructure. For indoor environments the distance-pending path loss is affected by strong variations, especially appearing as frequency specific signal dropouts. A diversity concept with redundant data transmission in different frequency bands can reduce the dropout probability. When also space diversity and plausibility filtering are used, the Location Estimation Error can be reduced significantly. The investigations show that a good performance for precision and availability can also be reached with low infrastructural costs.


An electronic tag for protecting privacy and a method for protecting privacy by using the same are provided to protect tag data and privacy by transferring information to only RFID readers which own legal rights. A method for protecting privacy comprises the following several steps. An RFID reader outputs inventory commands to a tag which is in a ready state. If a value of a slot counter in the tag is 0, the tag moves from an arbitrate state to a reply state. If the value of the slot counter is not 0, the tag waits for a query adjust and a query reply command from the reader. The reader recognizes the tag with a random number value. The tag, to which a privacy tag is set, transfers a value like an RN16 value to the reader, and then moves from the reply state to a private state. The reader transmits a command for requesting a new RN16 value to the tag. The tag responses 'handle' to the command and moves from the private state to an open state. The reader accesses the tag by using 'handle' as a parameter, makes the tag in a secured state by using an access password, and reads protocol control, unique item identifier and a CRC-16 value from the tag by using a tag read command.


The article analyzes the notes of the Ural technician E. N. Korotkov, who visited Museum in Minusinsk in 1899 and 1902. Notes contain personal impressions of E. N. Korotkov from the survey of museum collections, as well as his thoughts about the reasons for success of the museum. At the beginning of XX century this museum has become a cultural and scientific center of Siberia, winning a serious authority in professional sphere. Thanks to scientific thoroughness of collections and numerous publications and participation in exhibitions, the museum has become known not only in Russia but also abroad. E. N. Korotkov said in the notes about the interaction of this museum not only with researchers, but also with people who love their native land. Many founders of museums that have arisen in Siberia, asked for assistance of museum, took it as an example, took its program and experience as the basis. E. N. Korotkov considered it possible to use the experience of this museum in the work of Ural Society of Naturalists Museum in Yekaterinburg.


ABSTRACT

2008. This thesis entitled "The Images of Vampire and Louis as a Special Vampire as Presented in Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles), is conducted within the American Studies research. This research discusses two research questions. First what are the images of vampire as seen in Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles). Second how does Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) portray Louis (as a special vampire).
The objectives of the research are to describe the images of vampire as seen in Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) and to know about the existence of Louis as a special vampire as portrayed in Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles).
This is a library research. The source of the data is Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) film. It is produced by Geffen Pictures in 1994. The film is directed by Neil Jordan. The screenplay is written by Anne Rice and is adapted from her novel with the same title. While the main data is the shot composition, lighting, song and sound including the intonation of the dialogues, the editing, the story itself, dialogues, characterization including the character's gestures and facial expressions, and the interpreted phenomena which have significance to the subject matter. The supporting data of this research are books, articles, essays, internet sites, and all kinds of information which are related to the subject matter.
Since this research is carried out within the framework of American Studies, it employs interdisciplinary study which needs to apply more than one approach of study. The approaches applied in this research are sociological, historical and semiotic film theory.
After analyzing the film, the researcher draws conclusions as follows: Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) portrays the images of vampire as a cruel and cold blooded killer. The other image is that being a vampire is a curse and painful. Vampires are also imaged as communal creatures. Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) portrays Louis (as a special vampire) by showing that Louis is the half man vampire. He is a vampire physically, but his soul is human. He has humanity feeling like other normal human beings. Moreover, Louis is a vampire that can survive from the time changing. He can adapt himself to the new era.
This thesis expectedly will inspire further researchers of Interview with the Vampire (The Vampire Chronicles) and other films to enhance the knowledge and information on film studies for American Studies purpose.


The ancient Armenian language has always been in the spotlight: it is
interesting both as an ancient language, and as a religious language, and as a
language of source study, thanks to which it is studied both by pupils and
students of universities, seminaries and gymnasiums, as well as by Armenian
and foreign researchers who study Armenian ancient and medieval history and
culture. Naturally, in this case, the teaching of the subject is important.
Grabar, as a dead literary language, has teaching features. it is not a
language of living communication. This means that there are certain
difficulties in its study and especially in its assimilation. In this logic, of course,
the method chosen for learning is extremely important.
The choice of teaching methods is doubly important when it comes to
grammar rules that do not exist in this language, for example, possessive
pronouns, personal numbers, prepositions. The latter, being characteristic of
the ancient Armenian language, are no longer applicable in the modern
Armenian language, that is, they are difficult to understand by modern
Armenians and create certain difficulties in learning, which can only be
overcome by using the right type of classes, practical exercises, drawing
classifiers, etc.
That is why, in the article, we have examined and propose to use such
methods and methodical tricks during the teaching of Grabar, which are
successfully used in living languages with prepositions, such as in English and
Russian (preposition, preposition). comparing and comparing their teaching
with popular methods of teaching English and Russian, we have localized it for
teaching English


The invention provides a long-base-line strain gauge and hull beam stress long-term monitoring device. The long-base-line strain gauge and hull beam stress long-term monitoring device comprises two bases, wherein a first support and a second support are respectively installed on the two bases, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor is installed on the first support, one end of a measuring extension rod is fixedly connected with one end of a slide block installing rod arranged in the middle of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor, the other end of the slide block installing rod is connected with a sensor measuring slide block, and the other end of the measuring extension rod is fixedly connected with the second support. The long-base-line strain gauge and hull beam stress long-term monitoring device has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to install, dispense with calibration, accurate in measurement and free of temperature drift and the like and is suitable for long-term monitoring of hull beam stress and load states of large ships.


Listening comprehension is the basis of English learning and the students' listening progress is affected by various factors. On the basis of teaching practice, this paper makes a tentative analysis of the language and non-language factors that may hinder the students' improvement of listening comprehension. The paper puts forward the idea of dividing the teaching activity into different stages in which different teaching methods are employed.


The utility model relates to a distillers' grain drying separating high-protein ox fodder device, which belongs to a distillers ' grain separator. The device solves the technological difficult problem of the comprehensive utilization of the distillers' grain of the solid-state fermented white wine. The (wet) distillers ' grain is fed from a feeder (1), is dried by a drying tower (4), then enters a separator (5), a disengaging device (6) and a classifier (7), the separated protein fodder is discharged from a fodder outlet (9), and the rice hull after being separated is conveyed to a hot wind stove (2) to burn through a recovering tube (8) to provide the heat source. The circulation is repeated. The device thoroughly solves the comprehensive utilization of the distillers' grain and eliminates the pollution, and the device is suitable to be widely popularized in the wine brewing industry.


In a number of recent articles, Hartry Field has attempted to reclaim the a priori for his own brand of non-factualist epistemology by introducing a non-epistemic notion of the a priori based purely upon the position of individual beliefs within belief systems. In this article we examine (i) whether a robust enough notion of aprioricity is available to Field, and, by extension, to the radical empiricist and (ii) whether it is possible to connect up the non-epistemic notion of aprioricity with questions about the epistemic status of those beliefs that happen to be a priori in the non-epistemic sense.


The main wearing parts of centrifugal slurry pump and their characters were studied by learning the wearing mechanism and the stress on the impeller of the pump.It provides the gist to the study of extension of the slurry pump service life.


In modern day chip design, the pressure for time to market is increasing and recovery time for investment is decreasing. So design times have to be shortened. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based predictive model for power to speed-up the cost function evaluation during High Level Synthesis (HLS) is presented here. Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been used successfully to solve HLS problems. Our proposed predictive model can be easily integrated with this evolutionary framework. The accuracy of this predictive model is tested with DFG benchmark circuits.


The purpose of this study was to establish the drivers of implementation of family planning projects in Kenya. The scope of this study was limited to 175 family planning projects in Nairobi City County. The design of this research was a descriptive survey research. The study used a structured self-administered questionnaire to collect data from the project managers. Secondary data was obtained from published documents to supplement the primary data. The collected data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. Quantitative method involved descriptive analysis. Data from questionnaire were coded and logged in the computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). It was notable that there existed strong positive relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. The variables under the study were very significant and they therefore needed to be considered in any effort to boost implementation of family planning projects in Kenya. Based on the study findings, the study concluded that implementation of family planning projects in Kenya was affected by the independent variables. The project leadership followed by stakeholder involvement were the major factors that mostly affected implementation of family planning projects in Kenya. The current study should therefore be expanded further in future in order to determine other factors that affect the monitoring and evaluation since the study established there could be other variables or other aspects outside the model. Further, the existing literature indicated that as a future avenue of research, there was need to undertake studies in other counties and countries in order to establish whether the explored factors could be generalized to affect implementation of family planning projects. Keywords : Project Leadership, Stakeholder, Implementation of Family Planning Projects


In lodgepole pines self- and cross-pollination initiate the development of seeds with equal frequency, but self-pollination results in filled seeds only 17% as frequently as cross-pollination. A study of the frequency of initiation of seed development and filled seeds in 17 stands of lodgepole pine differing in spacing and growth form of trees indicates that both the quantity of pollen produced by a tree and the density of conspecific individuals influence the frequency of filled seeds. Moreover, the positioning of a cone relative to the top and bottom or windward and leeward sides of a tree influences the frequency of filled seeds. Genetic markers used in controlled crosses indicate that cross pollen fertilizes significantly more than half the filled seeds resulting from crosses with equal mixes of self and cross pollen. The effect of density of conspecifics and growth form of trees on the frequency of filled seeds gives an adaptive basis for the facultative shift in sex ratio in lodgepole pine. It also ...


Type-physicalism is the view that sensory states and properties are identical with their nomologically correlated brain states and properties. The main challenge to this view is how to overcome conceivability arguments such as the conceivability of disembodiment or of zombiehood. In this paper, I explain how I think the type-physicalist should respond to such arguments. More specifically, I want to argue that even if the separability of, for instance, pain and c-fiber stimulation, is ideally conceivable, this does not show that it is possible.


Purpose: This study examined the impact of published national physical activity (PA) and health guidelines, documents, and initiatives on the evolution of research on teaching K-12 physical education (PE) in U.S.A. from 1996 to October 2013. Methods: A total of 262 peer-reviewed, data-based journal articles meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified through a comprehensive search. These articles were coded and the resulting data were analyzed. Results and Discussions: The findings showed that 41% (108 out of 262) of articles had cited these identified guidelines, documents and Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (CDC) reports. In particular, the most frequently cited documents were Healthy People documents, the 1996 Report of Surgeon General, and CDC reports and studies. The citation of these guidelines, documents and CDC reports fluctuated over the years. Our findings also showed that among the research studies citing these national documents and reports, 56% of them focused on ...


In the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the development of complex active safety systems for automotive vehicles. These systems need to be tested for verification and validati ...


Objective:To evaluation the Effect of ShenDanYin(SDY)on Function of Thrombomodulin(TM) and Endothelin-1(ET-1) in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris(UAP).Methods:90 UAP patients were randomly divided into TCM group,the western medicine(WM)group and the combined TCM and WM(TCM-WM) group.Every group have 30 patients.,the TCM group was given Chinese drug SDY,the WM group was treated by western medicine,to the TCM-WM group,all the treatment usesd in both TCM and WM group was given.Angina degree,calculus of TCM syndrome,the levels of TM and ET-1 were evaluated in every group befor and after treatment was given.Results:Angina degree were improved in all groups(P0.05),but insignificant difference wasn't found between three groups.calculus of TCM syndrome,The level of TM and ET-1 markedly decreased in all groups after treatment was given(P0.05).The level of TM and ET-1 in the TCM group and WM group was lower than that in the TCM-WM group with insignificant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:SDY might protect the vascular endothelium by decreasing blood levels of TM and ET-1 in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris.