The four tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pearce et al. [Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956–983] for granitic rocks were first evaluated using the literature cited by these authors as well as from our new database. The first diagram (Y−Nb) cannot discriminate volcanic-arc and collision settings. Both Y−Nb and Yb−Ta diagrams have an overlapping field for within-plate and ocean-ridge granitoids. The remaining two diagrams (Y + Nb−Rb and Yb + Ta−Rb) use a mobile element (Rb) in their y-axis. Although these diagrams successfully discriminate volcanic-arc and within-plate granites, they perform less well for collision tectonics. Besides, felsic or acid rocks are scarce in ocean-ridge settings, which limits the usefulness of these diagrams for this geological environment. Therefore, using an extensive database, we proposed a set of five new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid magmas from four tectonic settings (island arc, continental arc, continental rift, and collision). The very similar tectonic settings of island and continental arcs are discriminated for the first time. These diagrams are based on correct statistical treatment of compositional data, because they use natural logarithm transformation of major-element ratios and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The use of discordant outlier-free samples prior to LDA improved the success rates by about 3–5%. Success rates of these diagrams as inferred from a testing set were between 76% and 88% for island arc, 60% and 92% for continental arc, and 72% and 84% for both continental rift and collision settings. Finally, application of these new diagrams to case studies not compiled in our initial database used for constructing these diagrams provided the following results: a collision setting for the Himalayas at about 30 Ma; an island arc setting for Quaternary acid rocks from geothermal boreholes in El Salvador; an island- or continental-arc setting for northern Italy at 35–52 Ma; a continental-arc setting for the Italy–Austria border at about 30 Ma; either a rift or a collision setting for northern Nigeria at about 164 Ma; a collision setting for central Nigeria at about 144 Ma and for the Cretaceous Masirah ophiolites of Oman; and an island arc setting for the Cretaceous Semail ophiolites of Oman. In spite of the relative mobility of major elements, these applications suggest utility of the new discrimination diagrams for all four tectonic settings.


This paper focuses on the design and working of a microcontroller based Adaptive Headlight System (AHS) for automobiles. The main purpose of this system is to present a cost effective technique to illuminate blind spots while driving in the night and during the times when the visibility is reduced significantly so as to make the objects visible in those darkened locations and thereby prevent accidents. The system functions in accordance to the controlled input from Atmel AT89S52 microcontroller unit which drives the stepper motors connected to the headlights. The system is also designed to receive input from the indicator switch wherein a full turn is achieved by the headlight mirror when the indicator input is given. Also, the adaptive headlights are automatically switched on when the amount of light measured by a photo diode falls below a threshold, thereby eliminating the need for the driver to switch on the headlights.


Through an examination of a disputed north Indian pageant-play, I show how subversive activity can transform existing structures of power while always remaining culturally informed. Thus the power of a hegemony does not lie in its ability to define a consciousness within the boundaries of which all resistance takes place. Rather, a particular dominant structure defines a center from which contestation develops. It defines a point of departure for resistance, not the extent of its universe. [hegemony, resistance, heteroglossia, Hindu nationalism, Ramlila, north India]


Integrated contact-less angular measurement systems for high resolution requirement use magnetoresistive sensors and an analog and digital mixed-signal read-out and signal processing circuit as sensor interface. The presented interface circuit consists of two fully differential 2nd -order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator ADC channels for sine and cosine wave inputs, each followed by a digital decimation filter, offset and gain correction stages. Sine and cosine channels are cartesian-to-polar converted by the CORDIC algorithm. The ΣΔ--modulator is clocked at 500 kHz sampling frequency and achieves 81dB SNDR within a 3.9-kHz signal bandwidth and a 125-mV dynamic input range. The measured 3-σ angular error of the complete interface is 0.046° within a mechanically represented angular range of 180°. The circuit has been integrated in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology and the analog part including pads occupies 0.9 mm2. The digital part has 7000 gates, which corresponds to 0.4 mm2, and is synthesized together with other chip control logic. The current consumption of the interface circuit without sensor is 5.4 mA.


Long before such terms as "system-of-systems engineering," "net-centric warfare," and "interoperability" became part of the lexicon of Navy air defense, APL was the Technical Direction Agent for an exploratory developmentprogram, the Battle Group Anti-Air Warfare Coordination (BGAAWC), later renamed Force AAW Coordination Technology (FACT). This program has continued since 1977 and has spun off such well-known programs as the Cooperative Engagement Capability and the Area Air Defense Commander capability. A number of significant innovations also have stemmed from this program that significantly contributed to "knitting" the battle force toward a unified, mutually supportive, cohesive air defense system.


Abstract  Neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) can be caused by compression of the cauda equina by spinal stenosis and is a major clinical problem. A reduction of blood flow is an important mechanism for inducing NIC and may be caused by a vasoconstrictive effect mediated by the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor in chronic cauda equina compression lesions. This study assessed the effects of the 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist on nerve vasculature in chronically compressed nerve roots. A plastic balloon was placed under the lamina of L7 and inflated to 10 mmHg and left for 1 week in several cauda equina compression models. All experimental animals received an acute administration of serotonin. One group received sarpogrelate hydrochloride (5‐HT2A receptor antagonist: 5‐HTRA) before administration of serotonin, and another group was administered 5‐HTRA after administration of serotonin. Diameters and blood flow in the vasculature of S2 or S3 nerve roots were measured after injection of serotonin. In animals without compression of the cauda equina (sham), blood vessels contracted and the blood flow was reduced after administration of serotonin. In sham and compression animals receiving both serotonin and 5‐HTRA, blood vessel diameter was not reduced and was significantly larger than that in the compression group receiving only serotonin (p < 0.05). Likewise, the blood flow was not reduced in sham and compression animals receiving serotonin and 5‐HTRA and was significantly greater in the compression group treated only with serotonin. 5‐HTRA inhibited vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow in chronically compressed nerve roots challenged with serotonin. This fact suggests that 5‐HTRA might be effective at improving blood flow in chronically compressed nerve roots in patients with spinal canal stenosis and changes in circulation levels of serotonin.


The present invention provides a convenient and easy installation and expansion of the bridge will tune impression system is precisely controllable. The present invention, a plurality of hydraulic cylinder 20 which is provided at the lower part of the structure to raise and chairs; Is connected to the plurality of hydraulic cylinders (20) at least one hydraulic unit (50) for providing hydraulic pressure to each hydraulic cylinder 20; And is associated with the at least one hydraulic unit (50) as a bridge tuning impression system including a control device 70 for controlling the hydraulic unit 50, in each of the displacement sensor (40) said plurality of hydraulic cylinders (20) a wireless transceiver that is set up and, in each mobile transceiver 41 is installed and, transmitted and received over the air with the plurality of mobile transceiver 41, the control device 70, the plurality of displacement sensors (40) (71 ) provides a bridge tuned impression system, characterized in that is installed.


The electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD is used;the models of typical 500 k V substations and transmission lines are built up and the secondary arc current and the recovery voltage are calculated.This model provides an important parameter to effectively extinguishing arc in 500 k V system and also provides a practical basis to set the reclosing time of switching equipment and to set the relative relay protection fixed values.The results of this paper has a certain reference to the debugging and commissioning of500 k V power transmission and transformation project.


136.The greater number of plant species in temperate eastern Asia compared to easternNorth America has been ascribed to both local environment and regionalcharacteristics, but the relative contributions of each have not been resolved. In thisanalysis, we related species richness of flowering plants in mesoscale floras (B


The invention relates to a data processing a digital file representing a multimedia content to telecommunicate this content to an authorized recipient and limited in contrast unauthorized copy of the content for unauthorized persons. This file is: - convertible, writing mode, to change data - and edited in playback mode, to access the contenu.On gets a personal ID of the authorized recipient. Is converted, in write mode, the digital file by integrating this personal identifier. Then, communicates the file and turned the authorized recipient, and then be edited in playback mode, the authorized recipient. According to the invention, the personal identifier is scrambled in the transformed file to be inaccessible in write mode, but the transformed file contains instructions to edit the identifying staff clear in playback mode.


officials, and students of government seeking to educate themselves in antitrust matters, may find the approach helpful as a learning aid. It is true, moreover, that attempting to ascertain the impact of a judicial opinion just a few months after a decision is rendered is not the most ideal research design. Readers are treated as clients; lawyers predict judicial behavior, and clients are asked to conform to the rules that are not yet fully known or understood. Yet city officials and their attorneys do not possess the luxury of waiting for events to tell the tale. What is certain is that besides educating public officials on the hazards of antitrust litigation, this book is intended to shape and not simply react to events.


3D IIR beam/cone filter-banks are derived from beam transfer functions of 2D/3D LC-ladder low-pass networks. Such filters are obtained using 3D frequency-planar filters as building blocks, and lead to highly-selective RF beamforming capabilities over wide bandwidths. High computational complexity necessitates high-performance computational hardware for useful throughput. A massively-parallel systolic-array hardware architecture is proposed for the FPGA-based hardware acceleration of arbitrary-order spatial frequency-planar beam broadband digital filters. The proposed architecture is based on multidimensional wave-digital-filters, and leads to a synchronous systolic-array of locally interconnected parallel processing core modules (PPCMs), which enable 3D beam filtering at a throughput of one frame per clock cycle. An example using a Xilinx Virtex-4 Sx35 FPGA, for a 6×6 array of PPCMs, is described.


In this paper, we consider Einstein gravity in the presence of a class of nonlinear electrodynamics, called power Maxwell invariant (PMI). We take into account $(2+1)$-dimensional spacetime in Einstein-PMI gravity and obtain its black hole solutions. Then, we regard pure $F(R)$ gravity as well as $F(R)$-conformally invariant Maxwell theory to obtain exact solutions of the field equations with black hole interpretation. Finally, we investigate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities and discuss about the first law of thermodynamics for the mentioned gravitational models.


1. The Huasteca region is a region in the northern reaches of the Gulf of Mexico where the Sierra Madre mountain range meets the coastal plain of the Gulf. This is considered a rich agricultural region with an abundance of water from the riverine system flowing to the Gulf. There are also petroleum reserves in the "Canal Delta of Chicontepec" that have not been exploited. Although rich agriculturally, it is also a region of frequent natural disasters— freezing rains, hail, cyclones, floods, and unpredictable storms.


IN 19351 and again in 19442 Hamman and Rich reported the first cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis syndrome which now bears their name. The condition they described is characterized by early invasion by inflammatory cells and thickening of the alveolar walls, and subsequent distortion of the pulmonary paren¬ chyma by scar tissue. The overwhelming symptom is dyspnea, which in the severe cases is accompanied by arterial blood-oxygen desaturation. Cough is a comparatively minor complaint and sputum production is scanty. In the later stages of the disease congestive heart failure commonly supervenes, apparently sec¬ ondary to pulmonary hypertension. In the patients originally reported by Ham¬ man and Rich the process pursued a rapid and relentless course, death occurring from 31 days to six months after the onset of symptoms. More recently a number of cases have been described in which the condition appears to have been subacute or chronic, with survival for as long as 15 years. Since laboratory and radiological findings are only suggestive and a definitive diagnosis can only be made by lung biopsy, some caution must be exercised before accepting that all of these cases share a common etiology. It is believed that the following patient comes close to fulfilling the original description of the Hamman-Rich syndrome, and in addition has certain unique features not previously described in this condition.


It has been generally accepted that kerogen is the source material of petroleum. The author has performed isothermal pyrolyses of kerogen isolated from mudstone of the Onnagawa Formation ((Middle Miocene) at Anzen-zi in Oga Peninsula, Akita Pref., Japan. Thermal decomposition of kerogen is accompanied with the generation of bitumen. The products were separated into hydrocarbons, O-N-S compounds and residue by the technique of liquid chromatography over activated alumina. Hydrocarbons and O-N-S compounds are said to be formed competitively or successively. So, the author made two mathematical reaction models based upon these assumptions. Kinetic parameters of the generation of O-N-S comp. (+hydrocarbons) were calculated by the technique of multivariate analysis or multiple regression analysis. (To be continued)


OBJECTIVE
To extract and isolate chemical constituents from the total alkaloids of silkworm dropping (Can Sha) of Bombyx mori L.

METHODS
Chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography with macroporous adsorbent resin, ion-exchange resin and sephadex LH 20. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectral means.

RESULTS
Three compounds were isolated and identified as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1) , fagomine (2) , and 3-epifagomine (3) on the basis of their 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra and ESIMS data.

CONCLUSION
Compounds 1-3 are isolated and identified from Can Sha for the first time.


Modern Japanese has a noun sonzai which means existence in general. According to Akira Yanafu 1 who has studied many words which were newly created just after the Meiji Restoration, this noun first appeared as a translation of French etre in Meiji 4 (1860), and became a part of the standard philosophical vocaburary soon after. It is not hard to guess why such a noun was thought necessary; as Yanafu points out, unlike French, German, or English, Japanese had no noun corresponding to the existential verb, which has the two forms, aru and iru. You can well imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to talk about the concept which you could not refer to by a noun. However, when there is a simple and convenient expression to talk about a concept, that might become an obstacle to see the complexity of the real working of the concept. In particular, the nouns can mislead us about the real nature of the corresponding concepts, as Wittgenstein reminds us.


A new species, Stropharia atroferruginea, is described from Battagram district Pakistan, based on morpho-anatomical and molecular (ITS & LSU) analyses. Its characterizing features are the dark red to dark reddish-brown pileus with round squamules and decurrent lamellae, the cogwheeled annulus and the clavate to sub-bulbous stipe base, and ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores. Photographs and comparisons with closely related species are also included.


One of the wonders of disinformation, is the popularity, which is very quickly generated by the bullies, the manipulators, the users of dyssocial, hypocritic methods and techniques. In this study, we do not only give an overview in the main techniques and methods for generation successful and efficient disinformation methods in view of better fighting the disinformation methods. To be efficient in these fights, it is vital to be aware why these bullies and disinformation actors are becoming so easily that popular. We are able to clarify these basic process of popularity generation by these disinformation producing actors. Moreover disinformation and critical thinking are phenomena which are very central in all issues concerning communication and cognition. However there are a lot of methods and techniques which are being used for making and producing disinformation, but which are also very important in ways to avoid, to defeat, to overcome and to limit the impact of the methods and techniques which are being used for making and producing disinformation. Some of those methods or techniques can be very noble in some domains or situations and nevertheless be very dangerous to hamper, to harm people if used to abuse. We think about using and abusing empathy and compassion. We introduce an overview of a lot of techniques and methods, which are used to generate disinformation. We also indicate ways how to defend against these methods and techniques. The methods discussed are: manipulation methods and techniques, bullying techniques, the mechanism of "fake news" production, based on the 16th century theory and practice of casuistry and probabilism, which are still highly relevant today, the dyssocial methods and techniques, the C and DC fractals, abuse of empathy and compassion. In this paper special attention is paid to stimulating and training critical thinking and NEG-critical thinking in children, adolescents, adults, seniors and nestors; to grids for detection and assessment of disinformation methods and techniques; to dynamic harmony challenges concerning cooperation versus self-protection in the face of disinformation challenges (of organizations, individuals, groups). Another challenge is how to exploit and use the assessments of manipulations and disinformation's in the media, between colleagues, between companies, in wartime…


This article mainly concerns projective synchronization (PS) of a modified chaotic finance system. PS with both identical and different scaling factors between two identical chaotic systems is realized. In addi- tion, the PS of modified chaotic finance system with unknown parameters including the unknown coefficients of nonlinear terms is studied by using adaptive control. Numerical simulations are presented to show the effective of the proposed chaos synchronization scheme.


In this paper, the fractional differential equation for the transmission line without losses in terms of the fractional time derivatives of the Caputo type is considered. In order to keep the physical meaning of the governing parameters, new parameters σ and α were introduced. These parameters characterize the existence of the fractional components in the system. A relation between these parameters is also reported. Fractional differential equations are examined with both temporal and spatial fractional derivatives. We show a few illustrative examples when the wave periodicity is broken in either temporal or spatial variables. Finally, we present the output of numerical simulations that were performed with both temporal and spatial fractional derivatives.


Marquees, tents and other temporary structures are widely used at outdoor events. Mike Bunting describes the considerations that must be taken into account to ensure the safety of these structures.


This paper presents a detailed design and calculating method of the main circuit of inverter power based on IGBT full bridge used in the TIG welding machine by an example.


Contact electrodes pose threats like inflammation, metal poisoning, and allergic reaction to the user during long term ECG procedure. Therefore, we present a novel noncontact electrocardiographic electrode designed through microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. The proposed ECG electrode consists of small inner and large outer circular copper plates separated by thin insulator. The inner plate enables capacitive transduction of bio-potential variations on a subject's chest into a voltage that can be processed by a signal processing board, whereas the outer plate shields the inner plate from environmental electromagnetic noise. The electrode lead wires are also coaxially designed to prevent cables from coupling to ground or electronic devices. A prototype ECG electrode has an area of about 2.324 cm 2 , is very flexible and does not require power to operate. The prototype ECG electrode could measure ECG at about 500 um distance from the subject's chest.


This study developed an integrated control model to contend with the impact of off-ramp queue spillback on both the freeway and arterials within the interchange control boundaries. The entire control system consists of two levels that compute the optimally coordinated signal strategies for intersections and off-ramps. Whereas the first level primarily handles oversaturated flows and blockage between lanes at congested intersections, the second level deals with the freeway mainline delays caused by the excessive off-ramp queue spillback; these components work together to produce the optimal systemwide signal and ramp control plans. In addition to developing control modules for oversaturated arterials and excessive off-ramp queues, the study also conducted experimental analyses using field data from the interchange between I-495 and Georgia Avenue. The experimental results indicate that, by accounting for how off-ramp queues impact delays of both freeway and arterial traffic, the integrated interchange control system can yield the best use of a roadway's overall capacity and prevent the formation of freeway queues in the interchange area caused by the overflow of off-ramp traffic.


Interfacial electrohydrodynamic instability between fluid components with identical permittivity and viscosity but disparate conductivities for viscous dominated flows in polar geometry is described by an experiment and linear instability theory. Theoretical results are in agreement with a corresponding flat interface, distant boundary model for high mode numbers, and geometrically altered for mode numbers low enough for effects of boundary proximity and equilibrium interfacial curvature to be appreciable. Retardation and enhancement of growth rate are found in correspondence with radially decreasing and increasing conductivity, respectively. Experimental observations confirm a most rapidly growing mode for the latter and apparent lack of one for the former case, in agreement with the nature of the theoretical description.


Quadruped robots are imitating animals' mechanisms;realize the adaptability of walking in different environments.Motor drive have advantages of energy transfer convenient,signal transform quickly,high level standard,than hydraulic or pneumatic drive,become the mainstream of driver.Due to more freedom movement characteristics of quadruped robot,this paper puts forward a effective method of a kind of servo drive controls the robot to achieve planned walking gait.The modular design the servo-driven quadruped robot,including software and hardware design of control system,the application of sensor and robot's gait planning.Experiment proves this method can achieve good stability of walking.


This thesis continues the work performed by Ferreira and Almeida on the topic of weight and cost reduction of composite multi-spar torsion-bending boxes. The goal is to find the influence of changes to the structural configuration on the resulting weight of said torsion-bending boxes. Using analytical methods, combined into the BoxSolver MATLAB-program, a large number of structural configurations, based on the vertical tail of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10, are analysed and weight estimations produced. From the generated data the influence of buckling allowables, number of spars, stringers and ribs on the overall structural weight is determined. This research resulted in a fast, reliable and versatile tool for the preliminary design of wing-like structures, while finding trends in weight saving related to changes in structural configuration which could lead to more detailed and accurate weight estimations for future design efforts. It is concluded that for the case study performed on the DC-10 vertical tail there was indeed a significant weight saving to be found by changing the structural layout. Furthermore it is recommended that the trends and methods for weight estimation found in this research are applied to other cases to confirm or fine-tune them.


Observations at wavelengths between 1 micron and 2 mm of the continuum emission from a sample of Blazars (BLLacs and OVV quasars) show that most of these objects have very flat mm/submm spectra, even up to 800 GHz. These sources must all therefore be very compact. All the objects have near-infrared (1-4 micron) spectra steeper than -1.0, and several show evidence of breaks around 10 microns, suggestive of energy losses. The overall continuum shape may be explained in terms of synchrotron radiation from an isothermal relativistic jet aligned close to the line-of-sight.


Islamic banking takes part in the Indonesian economic and financial system which contributes to the dynamics of eeconomic growth. The number of Islamic banks in Indonesia, through its market share, is still quite small, namely 5.95% in 2019 of the total national banking market share. One of the main activities of Islamic banking is channeling financing through financing based on the type of use and business category. This study aims to determine the short-term and long-term contribution of Islamic banking to Indonesia's economic growth using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The data used in this study are quarterly secondary data of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and financing based on the use and category of Indonesian Islamic banking business types, which consist of working capital financing, investment financing and consumption financing. The results showed that in the short and long term, the variable consumption financing had a significant negative effect on Indonesia's economic growth.


385 Background: Effective prevention of colitis-associated cancer still needs to be achieved. There is evidence that the microflora plays an important role in the progression of chronic inflammation to neoplastic transformation, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of the probiotic VSL#3 in preventing this transition.

METHODS
Chronic colitis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by the administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS; 30 mg in 50% ethanol ic), followed six weeks later by reactivation with TNBS (5 mg/kg iv) for 3 days. To induce colitis-associated dysplasia and cancer the animals then received TNBS (iv) twice a week for ten weeks. One group of rats received the probiotic in drinking water (VSL#3; ∼5 billion cfu /100 gram body weight) from 1 week prior to initial colitis induction until the time of sacrifice (n = 22-23/group). After sacrifice the colons were removed and analyzed for total macroscopic damage, microscopic damage and presence of dysplasia or cancer. Tissue and serum samples were analyzed for cell proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenic factors and presence of alkaline sphingomyelinase.

RESULTS
Those animals receiving the probiotic had significantly less macroscopic and microscopic damage than the vehicle treated-controls in all areas of the colon (p < 0.05). Pathological analysis revealed that 29% of the vehicle treated animals developed carcinoma, which was confined to the proximal region. None of the probiotic treated animals developed carcinoma. Treatment with the probiotic caused a significant shift to a less severe diagnosis with no high-grade dysplasia found in either the proximal or midcolon. Treatment with the probiotic reduced crypt cell proliferation by 22% as assessed by measurement of BrdU incorporation in comparison with the vehicle treated group. Levels of the antiangiogenic factor angiostatin were higher in the probiotic treated animals (5-fold), as were serum levels of alkaline sphingomyelinase (2-fold).

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with the probiotic VSL#3 can delay the transition of chronic inflammation to dysplasia and cancer via effects on processes such as modulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) represents a novel strategy to perform rapid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding, portal hypertension, noncardiac chest pain, and other disorders. There are limited numbers of US emergency departments (EDs) that have used VCE on trial and protocol-based patient studies, but the results are encouraging. Given the expanding role of advanced diagnostic and point-ofcare testing in the US EDs, VCE has great potential for future evaluation of ED gastrointestinal complaints. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was initially approved in 2001 by the Food and Drug Administration as a noninvasive diagnostic test for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. This technology represented a significant advance in the investigation of intestinal diseases and has continued to evolve since. Indications that have been validated include obscure and overt gastrointestinal bleeding, familial polyposis, and intestinal lesions in patients with Crohn's disease. Based on recent evidence, VCE represents a novel strategy to perform rapid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding, portal hypertension, noncardiac chest pain, and other disorders in the emergency department (ED). There are limited numbers of EDs in the United States that have used VCE on trial- and protocol-based patient studies, but the results are encouraging. Given the expanding role of advanced diagnostic and point-of-care testing in the US EDs, VCE has great potential for future evaluation of ED gastrointestinal complaints.


Green methylation of cellulose using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with
microwave and sonochemistry techniques has been conducted. As the comparison,
conventional methylation of cellulose using dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has also
carried out. The cellulose used in this study was isolated from sago waste in
86.67% content. All the methylation products were analyzed by means of IR and
1H-NMR spectrometers. The determination of cellulose content was done using
standart method of TAPPI T-203, while the determination of the degree of
substitution (DS) was based on method of Zeisel.
The first stage, conventional methylation of cellulose was performed using
DMS, NaOH 50% (w/v) and acetone (volume ratio = 3:10:9) at 50 C, while the
green one was done using Na2HPO4 (12:1), DMC and NaCl 5% (w/v) (volume
ratio = 10:10) at 90 C. The reaction time was varied (2 to 5 hours) and the
optimum condition was reached for 3 hours. It was showed that the green
methylation using DMC gave higher DS (1.028) than that of the conventional
method using DMS (0.924).
The second step, green methylation of cellulose was conducted using
Na2HPO4 (12:1), DMC and NaCl 5% (w/v) (volume ratio = 10:10) by employing
microwave and sonochemistry techniques. The methylation with microwave was
carried out at the power of 400 W for 200 seconds and gave the DS of 1.036. The
methylation with sonochemistry (the variation time 1 to 3 hours) was conducted at
the optimum time of 2 hours and gave the DS of 0.646. The volume of DMC was
also varied, where the volume ratio of DMC of 1:16 gave the highest DS (1.177).


Laser range-gated imaging is one of the effective techniques of underwater optical imaging. It could make the viewing distance up to 4 to 7 times with the video image processing technology. Accordingly, the control and image processing technologies come to be the key technologies for the underwater laser range-gated imaging system. In this article, the integrated platform of controlling and digital video processing for the underwater range-gated laser imaging system based on FPGA has been introduced. It accomplishes both the communication for remote control system as the role of lower computer and the task of high-speed images grabbing and video enhance processing as the role of high-speed image processing platform. The host computer can send commands composed to the FPGA, vectoring the underwater range-gated laser imaging system to executive operation.


The weaknesses of current Value-at-Risk (VaR) measure led the Basel Committee to revise the Basel II market risk framework. A stressed VaR measure is introduced to incorporate the violent behaviour of financial markets during crisis periods. This requirement allows the pro-cyclicality of the current VaR to be removed. However, this solution does not solve the problem related to the VaR estimation, including the choice of an appropriate model in a parametric approach. The forecasts of those models must comply with the assumptions of unconditional coverage and independence. In this paper, we evaluate the contribution of a noisy chaotic model for estimating the VaR measure in a crisis period. The simultaneous consideration of heteroskedastic and chaotic structures leads to a better forecast of the returns (Kyrtsou and Terraza (2010)). This clarification relative to the GARCH (1,1) model is used in this paper for predicting the stressed VaR of a portfolio built according to the mean-Gini criterion. The forecasting exercise, evaluated by backtesting tests, shows an outperformance of the Mackey-Glass-GARCH (1,1) model.


By referring to documentation,survey of physical fitness test,and applying mathematical statistics and logic analysis,this paper makes an dynamic comparison analysis of Huaqiao University male students' score of 1000 meters match in Physical Fitness Test and their BMI index,and thus reveal the interdependency between the two.


Arctium lappa is known to have antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in traditional medicine. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to study the effects of A. lappa root extract (AE) on lipid profile and hepatic enzyme levels in sucrose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in female rats. The study used 40 adult female Wistar rats weighing 150 g-250 g randomly divided into five groups: control, metabolic syndrome (MS), metabolic syndrome+AE at 50,100, 200 mg/kg. MS was induced by administering 50% sucrose in drinking water for 6 weeks. AE was intra-peritoneally administered daily at doses of 50,100, and 200 mg/kg for two sequential weeks at the end of the fourth week in metabolic syndrome rats. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of AE, blood was collected and centrifuged, and then the serum was used for the measurement of lipid profile and hepatic enzyme. Serum glucose, insulin, fasting insulin resistance index, body weight, water intake, lipid profile, and hepatic enzymes were significantly increased although food intake was decreased in MS rats compared to the control rats. The lipids and liver enzymes were reduced by AE extracts in the MS group. This study showed that the A. lappa root aqueous extract exhibits a hypolipidemic activity of hyperlipidemic rats. This activity is practically that of a triple-impact antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective.


Currently some 32 million foreign citizens live in the EU 27, i.e. somewhat more than 6% of the total population of 500 million. The major part lives in the EU15, namely 29 million or 92% of all foreigners. Accordingly, in the EU-15 the proportion of foreigners amounts to 7% on average. The number and share of foreign born are even higher with some 40 million migrants, i.e. 10% of the EU15 population. Thus the EU15 have about as many foreign born as the USA. The USshare in the total population surpasses, however, the one of the EU15 (2008: 13.7%) given the smaller population size of the USA (311 million versus 396 million)1.


The study employed Robert D. Putnam's concept of social capital tostudy Thai politics. It had three main objectives: to investigate the capacityof social capital in Thai society to increase people's political participationin local government, to examine whether social capital improves theinstitutional performance of local government, and to explore both the impactof people's political participation in local government on the institutionalperformance of local governments, and the impact of institutionalperformance on people's political participation, in the north of Thailand.There were three main findings in which emerged from the research.Firstly, it was found that social capital does not promote people's participationin local politics. Secondly, it was evident that not all components of socialcapital can enhance the institutional performance of local government.Networks of civic engagement and generalized trust fail to increasethe effective institutional performance of local government. Lastly, itwas discovered that political participation by citizens and institutionalperformance has no positive effect on each other. It can be concluded thatPutnam's concept of social capital shows clear limitations and cannot beemployed effectively in the context of Thai politics. Key Words: Social Capital; Political Participation; Thai politics; Local


In recent years, the construction of the safe city and smart city has been heating up. As the basic unit of urban safety, the importance of community has been growing. At present, the security systems in the community are independent of each other, and there is isolated information island. Video resource data analysis and utilization rate is small, and comprehensive governance ability is weak, and community security problems are serious. Based on 5G network, the networking of the security and fire fighting equipment is achieved, the big data information platform is established, the integration and inter-operation of multi-platform are realized, and community safety comprehensive solution is given. The Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network algorithm is applied to analyze and process the video data of the platform, estimate the population density, improve the platform's ability of early warning of human flow, realize multi-system linkage and emergency epidemic prevention control, and build the community safety.


Abstract In 1999, Jacobson and Lehel conjectured that, for
$k \geq 3$
 , every k-regular Hamiltonian graph has cycles of
$\Theta (n)$
 many different lengths. This was further strengthened by Verstraëte, who asked whether the regularity can be replaced with the weaker condition that the minimum degree is at least
$3$
 . Despite attention from various researchers, until now, the best partial result towards both of these conjectures was a
$\sqrt {n}$
 lower bound on the number of cycle lengths. We resolve these conjectures asymptotically by showing that the number of cycle lengths is at least
$n^{1-o(1)}$
 .


Archaeology provides time depth to considerations of cultural change at global and local levels. I focus on the Neolithic Revolution, which swept the globe from 8000 to 3000 bc (uncalibrated radiocarbon years). Although agriculture became widespread over a relatively brief period, it developed independently in many places. No single factor or set of factors has been identified to explain this global phenomenon. When the scale of analysis is changed to the local level, diversity characterizes the reasons for both agricultural invention and adoption. I consider patterns of adoption by Southern Scandinavian societies, which exhibit a complex, sedentary hunter-gatherer lifeway, and early Irish societies, which conform to a simple, mobile hunter-gatherer model. I suggest that a new paradigm may be needed to explain global patterns that emerge from diverse, local decisions. I conclude with a brief critical discussion of the Santa Fe Institute's approach to the study of emergent complex phenomena.


Vitreous detachment is occasionally associated with complex visual disturbances and/or cephalgia, not just flashes and floaters. The author analyzes his experience with unusual symptoms described by patients suffering acute vitreous detachment and concludes that many of them resemble symptoms experienced by migraineurs. He reviews experimental models of migraine in the context of retinal neuronal spreading depression and speculates that electrical disturbances of the retina may be related to a variety of visual symptoms of an acute or subacute nature.


Despite the exciting consequences of the later Wittgenstein's notion of language-game for theology in general, one discipline centered on language – exegesis and biblical theology – has remained largely unaffected by this advance. I here show that describing biblical language as a language-game not only enhances our understanding of biblical texts; it also explodes a long-term impasse separating the interpretation from the 'actualization' of sacred texts. Insights taken from the notion of a language-game may, as with form of life and grammar, emerge as central building blocks for reformulating the postulates of biblical theology. 2


www.nri.org.pg April 2017 This paper is based on a desktop scoping review of the literature on Papua New Guinea's informal economy. The findings show that current knowledge and understanding on this subject has been informed by research from various academic disciplines. Over the last decade, an improved understanding of critical constraints facing the informal economy has led to state intervention through legislation and policy. Policy priority areas require the state to play an enabling role in providing public goods and effective delivery of services and facilitate the growth of informal economic activities. While progress has been made to address underlying impediments with the assistance of donor partners in improving market places and agricultural research, much remains to be done. The study has identified a number of gaps in research, and issues emerging from the literature are outlined for further investigation. Ongoing research is vital as it can positively contribute to the debate and discussion on addressing issues for effective policy decision making for the informal economy. THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Elizabeth Kopel www.pngnri.org SCOPING REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Issues Paper 25


We design an omnidirectional optical system that is composed of pseudo-Cassegrain collecting mirror part making narrow field of view(FOV) and a reverse pseudo-Cassegrain imaging mirror part, which can be used simultaneously in visible and long wavelength infrared(LWIR) light. The FOV is set to 40° to 110° and the F/number is 1.55. Because a CMOS sensor (CMOSIS, CMV2000) for visible and a micro bolometer sensor (semiconductor device, Bird 384) for LWIR are chosen, respectively, the common size of image should be determined by 5.9 mm × 5.9 mm. After the optimizing design, the ratio of the image height about two cases of 40° and 110° is 48.97 %. We can obtain that two MTFs for visible and LWIR at 20 lp/mm about the FOV of 110° are 0.425 and 0.385, respectively. The total length of this system is about 280 mm. When the MTF at 20 lp/mm and 110° is 0.3, the cumulative probabilities of the tolerance in visible and LWIR are 90.69 % and 99.79 %, respectively. After the athermalization analysis in the temperature range of - 32°C to 55°C, we choose the secondary mirror of the imaging part as a compensator to improve the collapsed MTF.


Depression is approximately twice as prevalent among women compared with men and is associated with functional disability, co-morbid medical conditions and social deprivation.1 Longer life expectancy is leading to a growing ageing population …


The advantage,disadvantage,chance and challenge of ecological function area construction of Great Khingan was analyzed by SWOT method.Based on status of ecological function areas of Great Khingan,different development and construction regions were divided and the corresponding management models of different regions were put forward.


Many formulations of proof nets and sequent calculi for Classical Linear Logic (CLL) [7, 8] take it for granted that a type A is identical to its double negation A⊥⊥. On the other hand, since Seely [13], it has been assumed that ∗-autonomous categories [1, 2] are the appropriate semantic models of (the multiplicative fragment of) CLL. However, in general, in a ∗-autonomous category an object A is only canonically isomorphic to its double involution A∗∗. For instance, in the category of finite dimensional vector spaces and linear maps, a vector space V is only isomorphic to its double dual V ∗∗. This raises the questions whether ∗-autonomous categories do not, after all, provide an accurate semantic model for these proof nets and whether there could be semantically non-identical proofs (or morphisms), which must be identified in any system which assumes a type is identical to its double negation. Whether this can happen is not completely obvious even when one examines purely syntactic descriptions of proofs with the isomorphism between A and A⊥⊥ present such as [11, 9] or the alternative proof net systems of [4] which are faithful to the categorical semantics. Fortunately, there is no such semantic gap: in this talk we provide a coherence theorem on the double involution on ∗-autonomous categories, which tells us that there is no difference between the up-to-identity approach and the up-to-isomorphism approach, as far as this double-negation problem is concerned. Theorem. Any free ∗-autonomous category is strictly equivalent to a free ∗-autonomous category in which the double-involution (−)∗∗ is the identity functor and the canonical isomorphism A ' A∗∗ is an identity arrow for all A.


The integration of industry and education and school-enterprise cooperation are not only the key points of education reform in the new era, but also the key points to stimulate the reform vitality of vocational education. How to further deepen vocational education employment and entrepreneurship education under the background of industry and education integration is an urgent problem to be solved to improve the quality of application-oriented undergraduate personnel training. This paper takes the vocational education ecosystem as the theoretical basis, constructs three paths of industry-education integration with the degree of "industry-education integration", and takes the employment and entrepreneurship education of two different universities in Shanghai and Zhejiang as the empirical evidence.


We explore the structure of transaction records from NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe back to 2006 and analyze base load forwards with the Nordic system price on electric power as reference. Following a discussion of the appropriate rollover scheme we incorporate selected realized measures of volatility in a Realized EGARCH framework for the joint modeling of returns and realized measures of volatility. Conditional variances are shown to vary over time, which stresses the importance of portfolio reallocation for risk management and other purposes. We document gains from utilizing data at higher frequencies by comparing to ordinary EGARCH models that are nested in the Realized EGARCH. We obtain improved fit, in-sample as well as out-of-sample. In-sample in terms of improved loglikelihood and out-of-sample in terms of 1-, 5-, and 20-step-ahead regular and bootstrapped rolling-window forecasts. The Realized EGARCH forecasts are statistically superior to ordinary EGARCH forecasts.


Time-history analysis is defined as a kind of dynamic analysis increasingly used in design of structures and evaluation of existing ones. One of the important issues in the Time-history analysis is selecting earthquake records. In this case, seismic design provisions states that time histories shall have similar source mechanisms, geological and seismological features with region under study. Alborz is one of the highly seismic regions of Iran which records of large events are not sufficiently available. For this reason, the main objective of this research is to modeling strong motion records and comparing those with observed records. For modeling strong motion at a particular site three main elements: regional earthquake source, propagation path effects and local site conditions should consider. In this study stochastic finite fault approach for generation earthquake accelerographs was used. The use of a finite fault model is particularly important in improving the reliability of estimates for large-magnitude events at close distances. Finally after comparing the results, the generated records are found to be consistent with observed records in Alborz region.


As science and technology are developing rapidly, management software in enterprises needs innovation. For enterprises, human resource management information system plays vital function in improving efficiency of management. The system uses Visual C++ 6.0 as development environment, selects Access as database, to realize the systematization, standardization and automation of personal management.


The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed many shortcomings in the functioning of states in the face of crises. It turned out that most governments do not care enough about strategic reserves and are too dependented on external sources of raw materials (including energy) and other products. Several decades without serious threats put most European countries to be lulled. However, Finland stands out from the rest, as having learned from its historical experience, it tried to be prepared for sudden and unexpected changes in the international situation. Regardless of ruling parties, the Finnish government has maintained strategic reserves since the end of World War II. As the first country in Europe, Finland intends to completely abandon coal-fired energy and become energy self-sufficient. As the country has been pursuing these goals since the end of the 20 th century, it is already largely prepared for phenomena such as the COVID-19 pandemic.


Background: Former football players (FP) who competed with BMI > 30 have high rates of atherosclerosis and early mortality (28% by age 50). FP are disproportionately black, a group predisposed to h...


Partial admission is used to control the power output in large power turbines [1]. Steam flow is admitted through a number of nozzle boxes located at the annulus in the form of discrete arcs. Each nozzle box is equipped with a control valve. Partial admission increases turbine efficiency, especially at low load operation [2]. On the other hand, partial admission introduces strong circumferential nonsymmetry of flow parameters in the control stage and therefore is a cause of additional unsteady loads of the rotor blades connected with the cycle of admission. Due to a rapid change of load while entering and leaving the arc of admission, the rotor blades and also blade-fit regions experience high unsteady mechanical stresses and are more vulnerable to failure [3]. The paper describes results of numerical investigations (based on RANS calculations in code Fluent) of partial admission flow in the control stage of a 200MW turbine and a 32 MW turbine. A 3D full-geometry model and 2D full-annulus mid-span model are used for investigations. The 3D computational domain extends on all inlet pipes, all blade-to-blade passages of the nozzle boxes, all rotor blade-to-blade passages and labyrinth seals over the shrouded rotor blades, control stage chamber downstream of the rotor, and leakage chamber with leakage flow passages, Fig. 1.


Low cost alternatives to conventional switched filter banks and tunable bandpass filters are investigated. Both types of filters in conventional form suffer from high cost, intricate packaging, and large weight and size. Micromachining and micropackaging were used to allow for a high performance, monolithic design on a single low cost substrate with simple conformal packaging. A micromachined micropackaged filter bank at X/Ku-band is presented. The filters are fabricated on thin dielectric membranes on silicon wafers allowing for low-loss filters on inexpensive substrates. The micropackaging provides high isolation between adjacent filters with overlapping frequency regions. Also, a novel micromachined electronically tunable filter at X-band is presented. The filter is simple to fabricate and results in a very wide tuning range with low insertion loss. An 8x microwave model was built at 1 GHz to simulate the X-band filter, and an 8 GHz filter was fabricated based on the microwave model. The filter exhibited a tuning range of over 60% for a 10% bandwidth.


Wilde's early plays are tragic and political in nature. He writes in his early career as an evolving dramatist as with a sense of missionary and experimental zeal. Vera's importance in the Wildean canon is that it traces the early elements of the formative mould in which Wilde later wrote his satires and brilliant comedies. The critical essence of the play is its serious, tragic and political tone that Wilde converts to farce in his later career. These are the points that this paper touches upon to conclude that the early Wilde canon is a reflection both of the later Wildean farce and the very early Wildean erudition.nnn


OF CDF PRESENTATION RESULTS OF PP POLL CONDUCTED BY LOUIS HARRIS AND ASSOC. The poll of 1,000 12-17 year old teenagers on their knowledge and beliefs about sexuality showed that well over 50% of all teenagers have sexual intercourse before their 18th birthday. Teens most likely to be sexually active fall into certain at-risk groups with the common denominator being limited life opportunities for further education and career development. Reasons teens give for being sexually active included social pressure, followed by curiosity and sexual gratification. However, the most common reason (65%) given was that they were "swept away". The majority do not use contraceptives, because they don't know enough about them or even where to get them. Results of the Poll indicate that teens still harbor certain myths and misconceptions, making clear the need for comprehensive sexuality education. Forty percent of teenagers have had NO sexuality education in school, and ONLY 35% have had comprehensive sexuality education. Parents have been reported to be the primary source of information for teens, and yet a significant percentage of teenagers never discuss sexuality with their parents. Teens are influenced by the media, in particular television. Far more often than adults, teenagers believe that television gives realistic views of STD's, pregnancy, the consequences of sex, and family planning. This opinion changes, however, as their sexuality education becomes more comprehensive. Teens needing the most education include those doing poorly in school, those in vocational tracks in schools, boys, those from low and middle income families, younger teens, and teens in the south.


Background/Aims: Understanding of the control mechanisms underlying gastric motor function is limited, in part due to methodological shortcomings in its assessment. The aim of this study was to develop a combined magnetic resonance imaging and manometry technique to obtain detailed information on pressure geometry relations and apply this to study the effect of duodenal nutrient stimulation and intravenously administered erythromycin. Methods: Antral contractile activity was followed by combined dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and antroduodenal high-resolution manometry (20 pressure ports) in 7 healthy subjects. Gastric volume was determined by MRI at fixed intervals. Stainless steel markers on the catheter allowed tracking of the assembly. After intragastric administration of 600 ml 20 Ll glucose solution, motility was assessed for 30 min under intraduodenal nutrient infusion, before the stomach was filled again. Thereafter, erythromycin was infused intravenously and the protocol continued for a further 15 min. Results: All contraction waves were antegrade and no lumen occlusive contractions were observed in the antrum (lumen occlusion: 47 ± 14 %). The propagation speed of these peristaltic contraction waves was 2.5 ± 1.3 mm/s. 82 % (51/62) of all observed contraction waves were detected manometrically. 49 % of all contractile events (241/496) were associated with a detectable pressure event. The degree of lumen occlusion of the contractile events that had no observed pressure change was 47 ± 15%. After erythromycin, episodes of strong antroduodenal contractions were observed, but antral activity was highlv variable between subjects. Conclusions: The combined MRI and manometry technique introduced in this study allows correlation of antroduodenal wall motion and pressure. A detailed knowledge of antroduodenal mechanics is fundamental to an understanding of the underlying control mechanisms.


Power grid operators assess situational awareness using time-tagged measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs) placed at multiple locations in a network. However, synchrophasor measurements are prone to anomalies which may impact the performance of phasor based applications. Anomalies include any deviation from expected measurements resulting from power system events or bad data. Bad data include data errors or loss of information due to failures in supporting synchrophasor cyber infrastructure. It is necessary to flag bad data before utilizing for an application. This work proposes a tool for the detection and classification of anomalous data using an unsupervised stacked ensemble learning algorithm. The proposed synchrophasor anomaly detection and classification (SyADC) tool analyzes a selected window of data points using a combination of three unsupervised methods, namely: isolation forest, KMeans and LoOP. The method classifies the data as anomalies or normal data with more than 99% recall. The method also provides a probability of the data to be an event or bad data with more than 99% recall. Results for the IEEE 14 and 68 bus systems with synchrophasor data obtained using Real-Time Digital Simulator and data of industrial PMUs highlight the superiority of the algorithm to detect and classify anomalies.


Abstract Crystal structures of 1,3-dichloro-1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione (1) and 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl) -'1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione (2) have been determined by X-ray crystallography, and new infrared and Raman data of 1 have been recorded in the solid state, leading to revised and complete fundamental frequency assignments. Both compounds show a planar ring with a trans-configuration of the substituents X [X = -Cl, -Si(CH3)3]. The angles between the C-N-C plane and the exocyclic N-X bond are quite different: 32.5(1)° in 1 and 2.5(2)° and 0.8(2)° in 2. These values are extremes referring to the known structural data of 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-diones. A normal coordinate analysis together with ab initio and semi-empirical calculations have been performed for 1 in order to support the vibrational assignments. The general valence force field confirms the revised frequency assignments. For discussion of the coupling phenomena in this molecule, the normal modes of vibration are plotted in terms of atomic displacements.


An one-step filling technology for blocking high pressure in repairing oil or gas well procedure and its tools and disclosed. Its tools are composed of a central pipe, a packer, a back-washing channel passing through the packer, a filling channel at lower position of central pipe and open/close units on back-washing and filling channels. The sand-carrying fluid and well-washing liquid are sequentially injected into oil pipe and annular space to actuate the open-close for realizing filling and well-washing jobs.


A simulation photocatalysis floating bed reactor was assembled by short quartz tube loaded TiO2 film,showing a good catalytic activity for the degradation of secondary effluents of a sewage treatment plant in Shanghai.The degradation experiments for the secondary effluents by this reactor indicated that the COD reduction rate of the organic pollutants molecular weight exceeding 100 ku in secondary effluent was 90.9%,the COD reduction rate of the organic pollutants molecular weight between 10 ku and 100 ku was 70.67%,the COD reduction rate of the organic pollutants molecular weight between1 ku and 10 ku was 92.98%,and the COD reduction rate of the organic pollutants molecular weight less than 1 ku was 82.35%.GC-MS was used to analyze the degradation mechanism of the organic pollutants in secondary effluent.The results indicated that the simulation photocatalysis floating bed reactor showed high photocatalytic activity for all kinds of the organic pollutants in secondary effluent,the average removal efficiency exceeds 40%,and the removal efficiency of some organic pollutants even reach 100%.


Web-based social system enables new community-based opportunities for participants to engage, share and interact. The rapid growth of Facebook has triggered a dramatic increase in spam volume and sophistication. Spammers post their status or comment in Page to send spam content to their friends or other users in the network. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting spam accounts on Facebook based on comment content and user social behavior. We will propose a hybrid approach using Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model for classifying user comments as either spam or non-spam. We carefully conducted an empirical evaluation for our model on a large collection of comments in Vietnamese Facebook Pages and achieved promising results with an average accuracy of more than 90%.


Physiological transport of fluid at small scales is often achieved by microscopic active finger-like structures. It is recognized that they have to move in a non-symmetric fashion in order to break the symmetry of creeping flow and to induce a net movement of the fluid. However, in the limit of low, but non-vanishing, Reynolds number, irreversible flow on long time scales could also be generated by symmetric oscillations of these microstructures.Inspired by small intestine villi, we reported three dimensional direct numerical simulations of the irreversible part of the flow, namely steady streaming flow (SSF), generated by an array of oscillating finger-like. In order to capture these second order flow phenomena, the algorithm was based on a combination of lattice-Boltzmann methods with two relaxation times and the smoothed profile method. SSF was confined inside a steady viscous boundary above the villi. Two steady vortices at the tip of the villi characterized this flow, which induced mass transfers between the bulk and the periphery. Strikingly, the spatial extension of these vortices was not solely governed by the Stokes boundary layer but also by the lateral confinement between the villi. Moreover, secondary vortices outside the steady boundary layer were also observed. These findings were rationalized in a state diagram showing three regimes of SSF. Lastly, orders of magnitude showed that SSF should contribute to the transport of particles, such as bacteria or nano-particles, on a layer of a few hundred micrometers above the villi and on time scales of few minutes.


2-Amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine-2-sulfonamide (2-sulfamoyladenosine, 4), a congener of sulfonosine (3), was synthesized by four different routes. Acid catalyzed fusion of 6-chloropurine-2-sulfonyl fluoride (5) with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose (8) gave a good yield of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine-2-sulfonyl fluoride (9). Ammonolysis of 9 furnished 4. Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of either 6-chloropurine-2-sulfonamide (6) or 6-aminopurine-2-sulfonamide (7) with 8 gave the corresponding N9-glycosylated products, 10 and 11, respectively, which on ammonolysis gave 4. Amination of 2-thioadenosine (12) with chloramine solution gave the sulfenamide derivative 13, which on subsequent oxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid furnished an alternate route to 4. The structure of 4 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. 2-Sulfamoyladenosine (4) is devoid of significant inhibitory activity against L1210 leukemia in mice.


ABSTRACT Ni0.3Cu0.08Zn0.62Fe2O4 (NCZF) ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction route and calcined at temperatures at (i) 600°C for 30 minutes and (ii) 900°C for 15 minutes in microwave furnace. Room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis of microwave sintered samples calcined at 900°C showed single phase cubic structure while, secondary peaks of iron oxide (Fe2O3) were found in sample calcined at 600°C. Single phase cubic structure of the sintered calcined at 600°C confirmed the microwave reactive sintering. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric behavior and magneto-dielectric study showed comparable properties of both the microwave sintered samples.


The study was carried out to investigate the effect of lighting regimes on performance and meat quality of broiler. A total of 912 chicks was divided into 2 groups with male (3 replications/group, 34 heads/replication) and female (3 replications/group, 42 heads/replication). Treatments were control (C, natural lighting), T1 treatment (24L), and T2 treatment (1~2d, 24L; 2~4d, 23L+1D; 4~16d, 16L+8D; 16~21d, 18L+6D; 21~42d, 23L+1D) by lighting regimes. Lysine content of male chicken meats at T2 treatment was lower compared to that of other treatments (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in all nonessential amino acid (AA) among treatments. Methionine content of female chicken meats at T2 treatment was lower compared to that of other treatments (p<0.05). The rate of C16:0, C16:1n7, and C18:1n9 of male chicken meat at T2 treatment was higher than that of other treatments (p<0.05), while C18:2n6 was lower at T2 treatment than other treatment (p<0.05). Mono-saturated fatty acid was the highest at T2 treatment, however, poly- saturated fatty acid was the lowest at that treatment (p<0.05). There was no considerable difference in fatty acid composition of female chicken meat among treatments. Finally, lighting regime didn't affect on amino acid and fatty acid contents, and used possibly on energy reduction.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using computer technology on the teaching performance of Sudanese English language teachers. The researcher used the descriptive method of research. The data of the study was collected by the use of a questionnaire which was addressed secondary school English language teachers in Khartoum State who represented the sample of the study. The respondents of the study were 70 secondary school English language teachers, both male and female teachers. The data which obtained was analyzed by using (SPSS) Statistical Package for Social Science. The main findings of the research revealed that most of English language teachers have positive attitudes towards the use of computer technology in EFL classroom. Also it showed that the majority of English language teachers are not sufficiently trained to use computer technology in an EFL classroom and computers are not available in most of secondary schools.The researcher recommended that English language teachers should be encouraged to acquire computer knowledge and computers skills which would enable them to use computer technology in an EFL classroom. He also recommended that regular in-service computer training should be held if computer is going to be used effectively.


A dynamic simulation of the bevel gear mesh has been done based upon the advantage of UG and ADAMS,taking the standard involute straight bevel gear as an example.The detail is as follows:According to the mechanical theory of the straight bevel gear as the basis for the UG's secondary development,a 3D parametric model of straight bevel gear based upon the strength theory and the standard involute equation is established;By means of the data conversion to the interface file parasolid,the dynamic simulation of the bevel gear mesh is specified through the software called ADAMS and the study of the driven gear's counterforce,velocity,acceleration.The result of the study accords with the theoretical expectancy approximately.At last,a modeling design and dynamic simulation method is brought forward,which can improve work efficiency and economize the design fare.


Hyperlipidemia is an abnormally high level of fatty substances called lipids, largely cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood. The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of Protocatechuic acid in atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemia. In atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic model, the rats receiving treatment of Protocatechuic acid at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg showed significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein and elevation in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Hence by considering the effects observed in this model, it has been suggested that Protocatechuic acid was found to possess significant hypolipidemic activity, this may be due to its effect on increasing the metabolism of the cholesterol by activating lipoprotein lipase or by increasing reverse cholesterol transport.


In JIA Ping-wa's 30 years of writing career,rural culture remains the sources of his creation.For all these years he is always a writer"on the road"from countryside to city.Although he moved into city long time ago,he has never lost his memories and feelings for the countryside.This psychic and physical divergence has made him a vagrant"on the road".The evolution of his characters from ZHUANG Zhi-die to LIU Gao-xing delicately embodies the change of his attitude towards city,both ideologically and emotionally.The change of his protagnists from an old-type country scholar to a migrant worker at the bottom of society suggests a shift in his identification with the countryside from elite to common people.


This paper introduced 5 domestic standard information networks (SIN), 3 international SINs and 10 overseas SINs, and expounds the searching methods about the national standards (GB), the professional standards and the local standards in China; focuses its discussion on ISO's searching about international standards. The author makes a brief introduction to the properties, affactions, mission, purpose and the standard information searching of the learned schools in different countries.


The paper is considered with the question of oil and gas abiogenic synthesis, the origin and distribution of oil and gas potential on our planet. The article provides an overview of the giant fields and industrial oil and gas accumulations in the crystalline basement rocks all around the world. Based on the analysis of issued data, a deep abiotic oil and gas origin is reasoned.


Objective:The aims of this study were to present evidence to develop and validate the Japanese Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system for primary liver cancer and to compare its discriminatory ability and predictive power with those of Vauthey's simplified staging, which was adopted as the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC). Summary Background Data:Among many staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma, the Japanese TNM staging system and the AJCC/UICC staging system were developed based on a survival analysis of surgical patients. These 2 staging systems have not been compared in large series. Methods:The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) prospectively collected clinicopathologic data of 63,736 patients with primary liver cancer from 1995 to 2001. Among them, 13,772 patients received curative hepatic resection. Based on univariate and multivariate survival analyses, the Japanese TNM staging system was developed. The accuracy of the Japanese TNM staging system for predicting patient survival was compared with that of the AJCC/UICC staging system using the cross-validation method. Results:The independent prognostic factors (relative risk; 95% confidence interval) were vascular or bile duct invasion (1.36;1.29–1.43), liver cirrhosis (1.26;1.20–1.32), diameter (≤2 cm or >2 cm) (1.21;1.14–1.28), alpha-fetoprotein (1.20;1.15–1.25), single/multiple (1.18;1.12–1.23), liver damage (1.15;1.10–1.20), hepatic involvement (1.14;1.09–1.19), histologic differentiation (1.14;1.08–1.20), gross classification (1.13;1.08–1.18), and esophageal varices (1.07;1.02–1.13). Based on these results, 3 criteria (vascular or bile duct invasion, diameter, and single/multiple) were selected. Patients with none of these 3 factors were considered T1, and those with 1, 2, and 3 factors were T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The number of patients and 5-year survival rates for T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 2078, 70%; 6853, 58%; 3021, 41%; and 582, 24% (P < 0.0001), respectively, while those for the AJCC-T were 8457, 61% in T1, 2888, 46% in T2, and 1189, 30% in T3 (P < 0.0001). While both the LCSGJ-T and the AJCC-T had good discriminating ability, the former was significantly superior (P = 0.0007). Conclusions:Our findings support the development of LCSG stage. While both staging systems allow for the clear stratification of patients into prognostic groups, the LCSGJ staging may be more appropriate for stratifying patients with early-stage HCC.


A new cyanine thin film has been prepared for high density digital versatile disc recordable (DVD R) by means of a spin coating process. The effects of the optical and thermal properties of the cyanine dye on recording characteristics have been studied. Rapid decomposition of the cyanine dye in a narrow temperature range, which is critical to the clear mark edges, is shown in this paper. A steep absorption edge at the 635 nm is crucial to high reflectivity. The optical recording performance of the cyanine dye thin film shows that high reflectivity contrast (48%) can be obtained at low writing power and narrow writing pulse width using He Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation. The carrier to noise ratio (CNR) of the single layer disk is greater than 40 dB at travelling rate of 2.4 m/s.


From introduction: The purpose of this report is to describe the geology of the Elk Hills and the occurrence of the oil and gas, to trace the movements of oil, gas, and water in the developed areas, and to discuss the oil possibilities of the undeveloped parts. The history of the field and its production also are set forth.


In this paper, we propose 128-bit chaotic block encryption scheme using a PLCM(Piecewise Linear Chaotic Map) having a good dynamical property. The proposed scheme has a block size of 12n-bit and a key size of 125-bit. The encrypted code is generated from the output of PLCM. We show the proposed scheme is very secure against statistical attacks and have very good avalanche effect and randomness properties.


The device for the shoring walls of an excavation comprises shielding plates with large planar surfaces (2, 3), the edges of each side are guided and supported by grooves (5, 5 ') LOCATED guide on props (1). the struts are arranged in pairs one opposite the other and maintained in this position by spacers (10). To reduce the frictional resistance between the plates (2, 3) and the struts (1) are provided rollers (8, 11, 16) has horizontal axes. Each side of the grooves (5, 5 ') for guiding the stays (1), which is the most distant wall of the excavation, is constitutes by a row of rollers (8, 11, 16) mounted on the struts (1) .


This paper systematically introduces several different DNA molecular techniques. It also describes the condition of Laminaria breeding in China and the application of DNA molecular markers to heritable breeding of Laminaria and other large algae.


Inflammation is essential for the clearance of pathogens and to facilitate healing of damaged tissue. However, this process must be controlled to limit immunopathology. Cell-intrinsic effects of inhibitory and signaling molecules are known to maintain quiescence and prevent effector differentiation and inflammation. Moreover, specific populations of immune cells exert cell-extrinsic effects for immunosuppression. Therefore, studies on the immunosuppressive functions of these cell populations will provide a better understanding of how inflammation is regulated and how its dysregulation causes human disease. Additional insights in this area may uncover novel targets to be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are specialized immunosuppressive cells that establish immune tolerance to prevent the development of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases, with effector-Treg (eTreg) cells playing a pivotal role. Recently, cellular metabolism has emerged as a mediator to enforce Treg-cell function and heterogeneity. In Chapter 3, we used genetic and pharmacological tools to demonstrate that isoprenoid-dependent posttranslational lipid modifications dictate eTreg-cell accumulation and function by intersecting with T cell receptor (TCR)-induced intracellular signaling. We showed that isoprenoids are essential for activated Treg-cell suppressive activity, and Treg cell-specific deletion of the enzymes that mediate farnesylation and geranylgeranylation (encoded by Fntb and Pggt1b, respectively) leads to a reduction of eTreg cells and the development of fatal autoimmunity. In Chapter 4, we further explored the mechanistic role of protein prenylation in the regulation of eTreg cells by performing a comprehensive analysis of protein prenylation-dependent molecular signaling in eTreg-cells. Specifically, we found that Fntb drives eTreg-cell maintenance by promoting mTORC1 activity-dependent proliferation and ICOS-mediated cellular fitness. In contrast, Pggt1b orchestrated transcriptional programming by TCR stimulation and Rac signaling to establish eTreg-cell differentiation and immune tolerance. Therefore, our results reveal a bidirectional interplay between immune signals, metabolism-mediated posttranslational modifications, and intracellular signaling for the differentiation and maintenance of eTreg cells. Neuroinflammation is also a feature of neurogenerative diseases, but the underlying cellular mechanisms that limit inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases are largely unknown. In Chapter 5, using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of immune cells in a mouse model of neurodegeneration (specifically, Alzheimer's disease AD), we found that CD8 T cells accumulated in the brain parenchyma. These CD8 T cells had tissue resident memory-associated features and appeared to retain functionality. Importantly, T cell ablation was found to exacerbate disease-associated deposition of Beta- amyloid (A-Beta) and cognitive decline in a mouse model of AD. Moreover, in the absence of T cells, microglia acquired proinflammatory features and clustered in regions near A-Beta plaques, features associated with more severe disease. Collectively, these results suggest that T cells are critical to restrain microglia activation and limit neurodegeneration-associated pathologies in a murine model of AD.


Introduction In a healthcare system with a limited budget and competing demands, there is a growing need for economic evidence to guide decision making, regarding funding of appropriate health technologies. In order to facilitate the comparison of different interventions (life saving and life enhancing) across different areas (for example oncology, cardiology and orthopaedics) a common generic outcome measure is required. One such measure is the quality adjusted life year (QALY) [1]. The QALY combines both mortality and morbidity measures of health by weighting a year of life by the quality of life (that is utility) experienced. This quality adjustment can be undertaken by employing a range of techniques or instruments, but generally in the UK (and the rest of Europe) the EQ-5D (a five dimension questionnaire) is used [2], or more recently utility values have been extracted from the SF-36, using the SF-6D [3]. Once estimated QALYs can be compared to costs in the form of an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), comparisons across interventions can be made, thereby informing decisions as to whether an intervention can be considered value-for-money.


I am very pleased to be here this morning to discuss issues of monetary control and of the Federal Reserve's new definitions of the monetary aggregates.


Objective:To investigate the changes of gastric tissue COX2 after intestinal perforations due to abdominal firearm wound.And to study its relationship with plasma endotoxin levels and pathological change of gastric tissue.Methods:A total of 42 Chang-Bai piglets were assigned randomly into 7 groups:control group and wounded 1,2,4,8,12,24 hours group.The model of intestinal perforations due to abdominal firearm wound was established in wounded groups.Gastric tissue COX2 activity was measured with immunohisto-chemical staining and image analysis in all groups.The plasma endotoxin levels were measured by chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate test.The alterations of gastric tissue were observed under light microscope in all groups.Results:The expressions of COX2 of gastric tissue in wounded groups were significantly increased compared with control group (P0.05).Plasma endotoxin levels of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05),and the peak appeared from 8 h to 12 h after injury.The experimental group appeared gradually aggravated gastric mucosa hyperemia and edema under light microscope.Inflammatory cell infiltration and subserous hemorrhage appeared in 12 and 24 h group.Conclusion:The expression of COX2 in gastric tissue is increased while the change of gastric injury is aggravated with prolongation of wound after intestinal perforations due to abdominal firearm wound,which suggests that COX2 may play an important role in gastric injury of pigs.


Human driven changes such as increases in oceanic CO2, global warming and pollution may negatively affect the ability of marine calcifiers to build their skeletons/shells, especially in polar regions. Here we address, for the first time, spatio-temporal variability of skeletal Mg-calcite using bryozoan and serpulid species as models in a recruitment experiment of settlement tiles in East Antarctica. Mineralogies were determined using X-ray diffractometry for 754 specimens belonging to six bryozoan species (four cheilostome and two cyclostome species) and two serpulid species from around Casey Station. All species had calcitic skeletons. Intra- and interspecific variability in wt% MgCO3 in calcite among most species contributed to the biggest source of variation overall. Therefore, biological processes seem to be the main factor controlling the skeletal Mg-calcite in these taxa. However, spatial variability found in wt% MgCO3 in calcite could also reflect local impacts such as freshwater input and contaminated sediments. The vulnerability of these species to global change is also examined and those species with high-Mg calcite skeletons and low thermal tolerance (e.g. Beania erecta) could be particularly sensitive to near-future global ocean chemistry changes.


This paper briefly introduces the founding of the Liao Dynasty,emphatically analyzes the style and characteristics of Yanhua Temple,one of LiaoJin Buddhist buildings,located in the urban conglomeration of Datong City, and compares the differences between the styles of Liao buildings and Song buildings.


This chapter will focus on brief discussion of the important fractures and orthopaedic diseases that are encountered in feline practice, notably pelvic and sacroiliac fractures/luxation, skull fractures including mandibular symphyseal separation, hip luxation and dysplasia, femoral fractures, cruciate rupture, patellar luxation and fractures, stifle derangement, tibial, humeral and radial fractures, carpal and metacarpal injuries and degenerative joint disease (DJD).


With the urban built-up area becoming one of the most prominent forms of urban expansion, accurately extracting the urban built-up area is becoming more and more important to judge the urbanization process and evaluate the urban environment. Since it is difficult to significantly improve the accuracy of single satellite data in the extraction of urban built-up areas, this study proposes a method integrating POI (Point of Interest) data and Luojia-1A data to improve the extraction accuracy of urban built-up areas. In this study, integrated Density Graph, OSTU and geometric mean are used to extract urban built-up areas respectively. The highest precision of urban built-up areas extracted before data integration is 74.3% with the highest Kappa value of 0.54; while the highest precision of urban built-up area extracted after data integration is 91.4%, with the highest Kappa value of 0.91. Therefore, it can be concluded that compared with the existing widely used night-light-based methods, this method can integrate the advantages of POI data and Luojia-1A data, that is, it can not only solve the long-term oversaturation phenomenon of night light data, but also can extract urban built-up areas in a more refined way. The method used in this study, which integrates POI data and Luojia-1A data, can not only provide a new method for urban built-up area extraction, but also can play an active guiding role in urban planning and construction.


A scheme was proposed to achieve wide-field vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) microscopy with subdiffraction-limited resolution in one dimension. In this approach, samples are illuminated with a structured visible field and a uniform IR field to induce vibrational sum-frequency generation. With five raw images acquired at five different phases of the visible stripe pattern, a super-resolved vibrational SFG (SR-SFG) image with the resolution triple to that of the original can be reconstructed. Theoretical framework describing the coherent image formation and reconstruction scheme for the SR-SFG imaging system was derived and carried out with numerical simulations to investigate its imaging performance. With a typical imaging system, the lateral resolution was improved from 390 nm of the conventional SFG imaging system, to around 130 nm of the SR-SFG imaging system.


Abstract To substantially improve operational control of complex industrial plants, it is important to be able to predict the influences which process variables have on quality-relevant target variables. The determination of influencing relationship and also the delay-time behaviour of various industrial processes makes it difficult to synthesis a quality prediction system. A hybrid modeling method combined with a suitable classification of process characteristics ensures a widespread model synthesis for quality prediction.


To date, epidemiologic studies investigating intake of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer are limited, and results remain inconsistent. This is the first prospective study to show the association by subsite (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum). To clarify the role of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in colon carcinogenesis, we conducted a large, population‐based prospective study, characterized by high fish consumption and a wide range of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes. Subjects were followed from response to a lifestyle questionnaire in 1995–1999 through 2006. During 827,833 person‐years of follow‐up (average 9.3 years), we identified 1,268 new colorectal cancer cases (521 colon and 253 rectal for men; 350 colon and 144 rectal for women). Compared to the lowest quintile, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of developing cancer among the fifth quintile of marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake were 0.60 and 0.31–1.14, respectively (p for trend = 0.04) in the colon in women and 0.35 and 0.14–0.88 (p for trend = 0.05) and 1.82 and 0.79–4.20 (p for trend = 0.16) in the proximal and distal colon, respectively, in men. For rectal cancer, the dose response for marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids s was unclear; rather, we observed U‐shaped associations in men and women. We found no evidence that n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increases or the n‐3/n‐6 ratio decreases the risk of colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that intake of marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be inversely related to the risk of cancer in the proximal site of the large bowel.


The invention discloses a 3D (Three-dimensional) graphic virtual management and control system for an intelligent household electrical appliance and an implementation method thereof, and belongs to the field of intelligent home. The system comprises a model and instruction conversion module, a data model local storage module, an operation monitoring module, a 3D graphic rendering engine, a household electrical appliance communication interface and a cloud service communication interface. Through the mutual cooperation of all the modules of the 3D graphic virtual management and control system, the problems of difficulty in management of lots of household electrical appliances and non-visual operation caused by management and control of the intelligent household electrical appliance through a two-dimensional plane view in existing intelligent home are solved, and the problems of higher cost, complicated hardware structure and the like of the existing 3D system are solved.


Aiming at the leakage problem frequently occurring at the water cooled panel bank of converter vaporization fume hood, the authors contributed its main reasons to manufacturing quality after analyzing from aspects of water supply quantity, water quality and manufacturing. Relevant countermeasures were formulated for quality control and running maintenance. The service life of fume hood was increased over two folds and equipment purchase and maintenance costs were saved. With low failure rate, stable and smooth production was ensured.


Here is briefly introduced the industrial application of OPC and its structure.Based on the SCADA system of oil and gas pipeline,using VB and OPC automatic interface,the data of SCADA system are acquired at a fixed time span with a synchronous method,which provides an effective operation procedure for pipeline optimization,simulation and leakage supervision in the later phase.


email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. This paper applies ultra-high frequency data particularly tick-by-tick data from three precious metals, namely gold, silver and platinum to estimate realized volatility, and model HAR-RV models evaluate Value-at-Risk. The tick-by-tick data from January 1, 2011 to December 8, 2016 covering 2,070,720 of tick data per year with the total days of 1,439 days were used. The medRV is used to calculate the daily realized volatility and forwardly establish and compare HAR-RV in different functional form. The empirical results show that the minimum VaR and daily capital loss of precious metal are gold and follow by silver and platinum respectively.


The purpose of this study is; 1) To determine the performance of the implementation of the e-ID card recording program in the Village of Margajaya District of West Bogor; 2) To determine the supervision by the headman of the village staff performance the Village of Margajaya District of West Bogor; 3) To determine the effect on the performance of staff supervision headman in e-KTP Recording Program in the Village of Margajaya District of West Bogor. The method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis, which is the method of analysis is descriptive research that aims to explain certain social phenomena. The population in this study were all employees of the Village Margajaya District of West Bogor as many as 15 people. In this study, the sampling technique used was simple random technique. The number of samples in this study amounted to 14 employees at the Village Margajaya District of West Bogor. Analysis of the data against two variables in this study is the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the analysis of surveillance headman, obtained an average value of 3.86 which, according to the criteria of interpretation of the figures were high criteria. While the analysis of the performance of pegwai, obtained an average value of 3.92 which, according to the criteria of interpretation of the figures were high criteria. There headman influence on the performance of staff supervision in the management of e-ID card recording programs in Sub Margajaya District of West Bogor based on the analysis turned out to be very significant where the result is greater than t count > t table (5.599 > 2.178). Keywords : performance, monitoring headman, e-ID Card


There are intimate connections between sports and game from time to time.The phenomenon about game and sports which hidden in the recesses of history and culture is the target what we look for.The book "people:players" of Huizinga explores the factors of game with a cultural perspective,and leaves clues to think,so that we can find out sports through words containing in the book and visit philosophical relationship between game and sports.Game activities can not be rejected,but the sport has become the refused object by human.Sports must be the conduct of their own back,so it is a necessary process to recognize the nature and function of game.This paper tries to find out philosophical clues of sport from Huizinga's cultural perspective,explores the phenomenon of the game,and straightens out social activities,physical instinct,the national language,competitive features,the seriousness,of Western civilization in the game and sports.


Genetic algorithms (GAs) and neural networks (NNs) are both inspired by computation in biological systems and many attempts have been made to combine the two methodologies to boost the NNs performance. This paper deals with the evolutionary training of a feedforward NN for both breast cancer detection and recurrence. A multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) has been designed for this purpose, using a GA routine to set weights, and a Java implementation of this hybrid model has been made. Four databases concerning cancer detection and recurrence have been used, two databases containing numerical attributes only, one database containing ordinal (categorical) attributes solely and one database with mixed attributes. In comparison to some standard NNs, the performance of this approach using the same databases is shown to be superior. Moreover, this hybrid MLP/GA model is very flexible in terms of providing accurate classification, even with different types of attributes, which is usually found in medical studies.


Currently, technology has placed Mathematics in a preponderant place. Young people of this time need to learn this science in a reflexive way to understand, analyze and apply different innovations and not be rote. This students' need puts teachers face the great challenge of researching and discovering new teaching methodologies, without losing sight of an aspect of the exit profile that the Ministry of Education has established and which states: "Resolve, argue and apply the solution of problems from the systematization of numerical fields, arithmetic operations, algebraic, geometric and measurement models based on critical, creative, reflective and logical thinking in connection with everyday life "This premise guided the present investigation to analyze the importance of participatory strategies for the development of logical reasoning for which a non-experimental, descriptive research was developed using the survey technique and as a tool a questionnaire that was applied to 29 third-year students of the Bachelor students at the Pedro Vicente Maldonado Educational Unit to deepen the knowledge over participatory strategies and how they will favor the development of logical reasoning of students to train students thinking, reflective and critical students willing to transform their lives and their social environment. Finally, it was concluded that it is important to use participatory strategies for the development of logical reasoning.


Transient [Rh II H(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] - (2) complex obtained by the reaction of synthesis gas with montmorillonite loaded complex [Rh(PPh 3 ) 3 ] + (1) catalyzes the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol at 70°C and 60 atm CO+H 2 (1:1) in alcoholic solvents to give >96% yield of the linear product (L) 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde with branched (B)/linear product mole ratio 0.04. The activity of (2) is greatly influenced by the alcoholic solvents used in the hydroformylation reaction; the longer the carbon chain higher the activity of the catalyst with the loss of selectivity (B/L ratio 0.08-0.14). The activity is compared with the Wilkinson catalyst [Rh I H(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] (6) in homogeneous conditions. Complex (6) is found to be five times more reactive than (2) but with a loss of selectivity in the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol which gives 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde (65%) (B/L ratio 0.54) in ethanol. Similar observations have been found in the hydroformylation reactions of styrene, 4-chlorostyrene, cyclohexene and 1,3-butadiene to give corresponding products.


Integrodifference equations are successful and popular models in theoretical ecology to describe spatial dispersal and temporal growth of populations with nonoverlapping generations. In relevant si...