We have previously reported that the use of the Endoscopist & Assistant's Simulator drY lab (EASY; Tanac Co. Ltd., Gifu, Japan) (▶Fig. 1) was useful in recruiting residents [1]. The version of EASY described in this report (EASY CSP) is an endoscopic simulator for resection by snare and clip closure developed by Matsuzaki and Tsunemi (▶Fig. 2). The procedure can be practiced on the device, which has been developed for training in polypectomy and suturing techniques. It allows for easy training with simple set up. EASY was used for cold snare polypectomy (CSP) by two of our residents who had no colonoscopy experience (▶Video 1). On the 25 polyp models, the first one in each row was used for instruction, and the remaining four polyps in the row were then used for practice. This was repeated for five rows. The time required to perform CSP on each of the 25 polyp models was measured. We found that the resection time gradually decreased and, through the use of EASY, a reduction in procedure time was obtained. Adequate instruction for the 25 CSPs resulted in an increase in procedural proficiency. The use of the EASY CSP sheet before performing actual CSP on a patient is likely to be useful from a medical safety perspective. It is easy to introduce, inexpensive, and may become a standard part of training endoscopists in the future. In addition to the standard endoscopy model, adding guidance by EASY appears to be useful as a part of endoscopist education.


The aim of this work was to prepare examples of benzodioxazocine
and benzodioxazonine ring systems by the Meisenheimer rearrangement of
the N-oxides of related benzoxaza systems.
The 1,4-benzoxazepine and 1,5-benzoxazocine derivatives required
as starting materials were prepared by two different ring construction
methods, viz. the Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and a C-N type
condensation. For example, 8-methoxy-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-
benzoxazepine was obtained by the Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of
an amide precursor. Three other 1,4-benzoxazepine derivatives and
9-methoxy-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxazocine were similarly
prepared (Chapters 2 and 3).
A C-N type ring construction method was employed to prepare
5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine and its 7-chloro analogue. In
these cases the precursors were amino-ketones.All these cyclic imines were then converted to the corresponding
N-methyl amines by quaternization and reduction. These amines were
converted to their N-oxides for use in the Meisenheimer rearrangement.
The Meisenheimer rearrangement of 1,4-benzoxazepine-N-oxides
proceeded smoothly giving rise to the corresponding 1,5,4-benzodioxazocine
derivatives in high yields. For example, 9-methoxy-4-methyl-6-phenyl-
3,4-dihydro-2H,6H-1,5,4-benzodioxazocine was prepared from 8-methoxy-
4-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine-N-oxide. Five
analogous 1,5,4-benzodioxazocines were similarly prepared (Chapter 4).
However, when the 1,5-benzoxazocine-N-oxide derivative was subjected
to this rearrangement at about 10°, only decomposition products,
including hydroxylamines, were obtained. At lower temperatures (-5°-0°)
the Meisenheimer rearrangement of this N-oxide gave the expected ring
enlarged product, 10-methoxy-5-methyl-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7// 1,6,5-benzodioxazonine in 50% yield. The 1,5,4-benzodioxazocine and
1,6,5-benzodioxazonine ring systems have not been described previously.


Abstract The languages of the genetically based South Sulawesi (SSul.) group share many specific substantial and structural features with other languages of Southern and Central Sulawesi. Among the non‐SSul. languages of the area, it is the so‐called Highland Toraja languages that bear the strongest resemblance to the SSul. group. Within the last‐named group, the northern languages show more numerous Toraja (esp. Highland Toraja) characteristics than the southern ones. This pattern of isoglosses must be explained as due to areal contacts. In all likelihoo'd, during the greatest part of the history of the SSul. group its languages have been subject to deep influence of old local languages (which were probably similar to present‐day Highland Toraja idioms).


The declining performance of Canadian students on international math assessments should worry Canadians and their provincial governments. Strong mathematics knowledge is required for success in the workforce, and early achievement in math is one of the best predictors of later academic success and future career options. Between 2003 and 2012, all but two Canadian provinces showed statistically significant declines in math scores on international exams administered by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In several provinces, the percentage of students performing at the lowest levels in math significantly increased while the percentage of students performing at the highest levels significantly decreased, suggesting that more students are struggling and fewer students are excelling in math. It should be a policy priority to halt these trends and to improve math achievement for Canadian children. In this Commentary, I examine domestic and international evidence regarding three areas of provincial education programs that could play an important role in halting the downward trend in math scores. I make three main recommendations regarding best teaching practices in math, the math curriculum, and the math knowledge of future teachers. Best teaching practices in math have been at the forefront of discussions regarding declining math scores in Canada. Discovery-based instruction – also called problem-based, inquiry, experiential, and constructivist learning – has become popular in North America in recent years, pushing aside direct instruction techniques, like times table memorization, explicit teacher instruction, pencil-and-paper practice, and mastery of standard mathematical procedures. Based on international and domestic evidence, this Commentary finds that studies consistently show direct instruction is much more effective than discovery-based instruction, which leads to straightforward recommendations on how to tilt the balance toward best instructional techniques. Student fluency with particular math concepts, such as fraction arithmetic, in early and middle years has been shown to predict future math success. This Commentary recommends that provincial math curricula be rewritten to remove ineffective pedagogical directives and to stress specific topics, at appropriate grade levels, that are known to lead to later success in math. Evidence shows that teachers who are most comfortable and knowledgeable with the content they are required to teach tend to transmit that knowledge best to students. This Commentary suggests that future early and middle-years teachers be required to pass a math-content licensure exam prior to receiving certification to teach mathematics.


Based on 1, 2,4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylate acid (H4L), and mixed with bis(pyridyl)-1, 2,4-triazolate ligands, two novel 3D zinc(II) coordination polymers [Zn3(L)(3, 4′-bpt)2] (1) [3, 4′-Hbpt = 1H-3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1, 2,4-triazole] and [Zn4(OH)2(L)(4, 4′-bpt)2]·2H2O (2) [4, 4′-Hbpt = 1H-3, 5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1, 2,4-triazole] were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The topological analysis results reveal that 1 can be simplified to a trinodal (3, 4,10) topology with the short Schlafli symbol of (43)(44·62)(418·624·83) and a novel (3, 4,5)-connected topology with (63)(42·84)(4·63·86) symbol for 2, respectively. Thermogravimetric properties of 1 and 2 were also measured. In addition, the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.


ABSTRACT Objective Expectations contribute to cognitive pain modulation through opioidergically mediated descending inhibition. Mindfulness meditation reduces pain independent of endogenous opioids, engaging unique corticothalamocortical mechanisms. However, it remains unknown whether expectations for pain relief predict mindfulness-induced analgesia and if these expectations are modified by endogenous opioids. Methods In this secondary analysis of previously published work, 78 pain-free participants (mean age, 27 ± 7 years; 50% women) were randomized to a four-session mindfulness meditation or book listening regimen. Expectations for intervention-induced pain relief were assessed before and after each intervention. Pain ratings were examined after meditation or rest (control group) during noxious heat (49°C) and intravenous administration of saline placebo or the opioid antagonist naloxone (0.15 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg kg−1 h−1 infusion. Results Mindfulness significantly lowered pain during saline and naloxone infusion. Higher expected pain relief from mindfulness predicted lower pain intensity (r(40) = −0.41, p = .009). The relationship between meditation-related expectations and pain intensity reductions was exhibited during naloxone (r(20) = −0.76, p < .001) but not saline (r(20) = −0.22, p = .36). Expectations for book listening–based analgesia did not significantly predict pain changes during saline (r(20) = −0.37, p = .11) or naloxone (r(18) = 0.26, p = .30) in the control group. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate a significant role for expectations in mindfulness-based pain relief. However, this role was minimal during saline and stronger during opioid blockade, despite similar pain reductions. This supports growing evidence that mindfulness engages multiple mechanisms to reduce pain, suggesting that mindfulness might be an effective pain-reducing technique even for individuals with low expectations for pain relief.


The article presents the periodization of the theory of behavioral design and the theory of time. The direction of the modern stage of development of behavioral design is digital technologies of persuasion, the tools of which are used to influence the behavior of users of social networks, video hosting and other digital goods. Social media accounts for half of the screen time. The business model of multinational technology corporations in the use of screen time is to advertise, collect and sell user data, which can also be accompanied by the formation of a shadow market. Digital persuasion technologies are addictive and provide an increase in the time users spend on social networks. When assessing the use of unproductive screen time, the lost value of time must be taken into account. Social losses of unproductive use of digital goods are significant and tend to grow in a pandemic, turning into revenue for companies. In the absence of public and state regulation of the use of digital technologies of persuasion in digital goods and their uncontrolled use, children and youth are the most vulnerable category. Within the framework of the evolutionary development of synergetics, the source of which is disequilibrium, instability, irreversibility and nonlinearity of time, it is necessary to pay attention to the mechanism of self-organization of users.


R&D policy in Australia has been topical since the reduction in R&D tax concessions in the mid 1990s. Such tax concessions can have a range of impacts, from promoting additional R&D to acting as wealth transfers from taxpayers to corporations. This paper examines the determinants of R&D in Australia in order to shed light on the issue.


This project explored the how's and why's of literature discussion groups. It includes a history of literature discussion groups, research findings, benefits of, and different methods of literature discussion groups. It provides a systematic resource for teachers who want to incorporate literature discussion groups into their language arts curriculum. It also includes the National Council of Teachers of English & The International Reading Association standards for English/Language Arts and how literature discussion groups meet and exceed these standards.The second half of my project is based upon my experiences implementing literature discussion groups. I have had the opportunity to learn from students while participating in three different literature discussion groups over the summer of 2001. I have also had opportunities to work with fourth grade students during my student teaching experience. I will use these experiences to talk about the benefits I have witnessed firsthand from literature discussion groups. One of my goals as an educator is to help all children gain an appreciation and a love for reading. I feel that literature discussion groups are one method of reaching my goal. Show full item record


The taste and palatability of onion soup samples containing various kinds of consomme were studied. The taste and palatability of onion soup samples were also compared between those containing fried onion and those containing deep-fried onion. Onion soup containing consomme with strong umami and body sense was found to have a more desirable taste and palatability. There was no significant difference in overall palatability between the soup samples prepared to the instant chicken consomme and instant beef consomme. The addition of fried onion to the consomme increased its sweetness, but did not markedly affect the sourness. Deep-fried onion was found not to be a suitable substitute for fried onion, because onion soup containing deep-fried onion had less sweetness, umami and body sense, and a darker color. (Received October 31, 2003; Accepted in revised form February 27, 2004)


Various treebanks have been released for dependency parsing. Despite that treebanks may belong to different languages or have different annotation schemes, they contain common syntactic knowledge that is potential to benefit each other. This paper presents a universal framework for transfer parsing across multi-typed treebanks with deep multi-task learning. We consider two kinds of treebanks as source: the multilingual universal treebanks and the monolingual heterogeneous treebanks. Knowledge across the source and target treebanks are effectively transferred through multi-level parameter sharing. Experiments on several benchmark datasets in various languages demonstrate that our approach can make effective use of arbitrary source treebanks to improve target parsing models.


The global economic crisis of 2008 was a phenomenon that had a huge impact on the economy of many large and smaller countries, such as Greece. The significant gradual deterioration of the Greek economy and the deep economic recession that took place in the last years negatively influenced the Greek companies. The main characteristics of the recession were the reduced turnover and profitability in several sectors of financial activities. In the meantime, thousands of businesses have closed during the last years and a large percentage of the population is currently unemployed. The object of the present study is the analysis of the economic recession phenomenon in Greece, in accordance with its impact on the field of domestic retail and in the supermarket sector in particular. The main purpose of the study is to investigate whether the economic recession has influenced the perception and the buying behavior of the consumers regarding private label products. In order to achieve the aforementioned aim, a field study was conducted with the use of a questionnaire, which was addressed to consumers – clients of supermarkets. 120 valid questionnaires were collected in total, and the major conclusion that was drawn from the study was that private label products showcase significant growth and greatly influence consumers' buying habits, thus, winning their preference. In general, consumers seem to be quite satisfied with private label products and they greatly prefer them, especially in product categories that are not directly related to their health (e.g. stationary products). On the other hand, consumers seem more reluctant to choose private label products when it comes to more "sensitive" product categories (e.g. dairy products). Last but not least, it seems nowadays that consumers discount their desires and choose to buy a particular product, initially based on its price and then by examining the other common selection criteria, like the quality, the packaging and the reputation of the product. This fact certainly benefits the demand for private label over branded products.


In article the questions connected with gender tolerance are considered. On the basis of empirical research the author finds out not only traditional gender stereotypes in relation to men and women, but also opinion of respondents to «инаковым» to relations between floors.


A radially adaptive numerical scheme is developed to solve the Grad–Shafranov equation for axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium. A decomposition with independent solutions is employed in the radial direction, and Fourier decomposition is used in the poloidal direction. The independent solutions are then obtained using an adaptive shooting scheme together with the multi-region matching technique in the radial direction. Accordingly, the adaptive toroidal equilibrium (ATEQ) code is constructed for axisymmetric equilibrium studies. The adaptive numerical scheme in the radial direction improves considerably the accuracy of the equilibrium solution. The decomposition with independent solutions effectively reduces the matrix size in solving the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium problem. The reduction of the matrix size is about an order of magnitude as compared with the conventional radially grid-based numerical schemes. Also, in this ATEQ numerical scheme, no matter how accuracy in the radial direction is imposed, the size of matrices basically does not change. The small matrix size scheme gives ATEQ more flexibility to address the requirement of the number of Fourier components in the poloidal direction in tough equilibrium problems. These two unique features, the adaptive shooting and small matrix size, make ATEQ useful to improve tokamak equilibrium solutions.


Plutonium(IV) carbonate complexes are expected to be of particular importance in typical groundwaters at the Yucca Mountain site of the candidate nuclear waste repository being studied by the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project. The chemistry of these complexes is also important in the areas of nuclear fuel reprocessing and purification, actinide separations, and environmental studies. This report describes initial experiments performed to determine the identity and equilibrium quotients of plutonium(IV) carbonate complexes. These experiments were performed at pH values between 7.2 and 9.6 using a spectrophotometric method. In addition, a brief review of the published literature on Pu(IV) carbonate complexes is presented. Since Pu(IV) exhibits low solubility in the near-neutral pH range, a complex-competition reaction where citrate ligands compete with carbonate ions for the plutonium will be employed. This will permit us to study the pure carbonate system; study the mixed carbonate/citrate system, and confirm and extend the literature work on the pure citrate system. The current experiments have demonstrated the existence of at least three distinct species in the pH region studied. This work will continue in the extended study of the pure citrate system, followed by the investigation of the citrate/carbonate complex/competition reaction. 9 refs., 4 figs.,more » 2 tabs.« less


Results are reported for balloon-borne scans of the Galactic plane between longitudes of 348 and 32.5 deg, which were made in two broad spectral bands from 60 to 300 microns and from 150 to 300 microns. These results indicate that there are many bright H II regions embedded in a diffuse underlying band of emission in the examined longitude range, that the color temperatures range from 30 to 90 K, and that the width of the plane is at least 2 deg of arc in both spectral bands. A lower-limit IR luminosity of the order of 1 billion suns is computed for both the bright complex of sources at the nucleus and the underlying diffuse emission out to about + or -15 deg of arc from the nucleus. The strong relationship between far-IR emission and radio continuum expected for discrete sources is illustrated, and the results are compared with those of previous studies. It is concluded that the total far-IR luminosity of the central part of the Galaxy is understandable solely in terms of known distributions of stars and dust.


A problem observed with zoo animals that normally do not consume vitamin D-containing foods and that are not exposed to natural sunlight is a deficiency of vitamin D. This study was conducted to determine whether the amount of ultraviolet light emitted by certain commercially available lights is sufficient to promote vitamin D3 synthesis as indicated by weight gain and various measures of skeletal calcification. Seventy-four, day-old male leghorn chicks were randomly assigned to six treatment groups for a 6-week trial. All groups were exposed to a cool white fluorescent light. In addition, group 1 was supplemented with 400 IU of vitamin D3/kg diet, group 2 was supplemented with 100 IU of vitamin D3/kg diet, group 3 served as the negative control, group 4 was exposed to a Vita-Lite for 12 hr per day, group 5 was exposed to a Sylvania sun lamp for 15 min twice daily, and group 6 was exposed to a Sylvania black light for 15 min twice daily. Groups 3 through 6 were not provided with dietary supplements of vitamin D3. At termination of the experiment, groups 1, 2, and 5 all showed healthy beaks and ribs, the highest weight gain, and greatest percentage of bone ash. Group 4, in contrast, had the poorest calcification and lowest bone ash. This finding indicates that supplemental artificial lighting does affect vitamin D3synthesis in chicks and presumably in other species but that certain lights that were presumed to be appropriate for this purpose proved to be unsuitable under the conditions of this study.


This paper considers the distributed solution of the online network traffic signal control problem. Toward systemwide optimality, the problem is modeled as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program with the traffic dynamics captured by the cell transmission model. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to achieve spatial problem decomposition and to design an iterative approach that achieves networkwide solution under a fully distributed architecture, where computation, communication, and control are performed locally at individual intersections. Two ADMM-based algorithms were developed on the basis of appropriate problem reformulations; these algorithms resulted in the solution of convex–nonconvex subproblems with distinct properties. The performance of the algorithms was demonstrated to be close to global optimality and comparative to that of genetic algorithms. Each algorithm offers a different trade-off between communication and computation complexity.


Diffusion of innovations within simultaneous processes examined as univariate models of separate trajectories cannot take into account and properly explain systematic perturbations due to competition-substitution effects.
This inability is quite evident in special product categories such as pharmaceutical drugs based upon equivalent or similar active compounds. A second relevant aspect in multiple competition is represented by the choice to model the word-of-mouth effect either at the category level (balanced model) or at the brand level, separating within-brand effect from cross-brand one (unbalanced model). The choice has to be grounded on the features of the products to be described.
In this paper, balanced models will be studied, while the companion article is devoted to unbalanced ones. A third relevant aspect in simultaneous competing diffusions is the separation between synchronic and diachronic market entries. In the latter case, the proposed model is further extended in order to detect whether the beginning of competition alters the first entrant's diffusion parameters. The resulting differential system has a closed-form solution that allows an empirical validation through sales data of the assumptions underlying the model structure. An application to pharmaceutical drugs competition is discussed. Finally, we approach here the topic of agent heterogeneity by introducing a multivariate Cellular Automata representation which allows a feasible description of Complex Systems of this type with a direct specification of substitution effect between competing products


Beginning in 2018, the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (JPCRD) will publish a limited number of Review Articles in a separate section. Some of these reviews will be solicited, but unsolicited submissions of Review Articles will also be considered for publication. Since most JPCRD articles already have review-like qualities (comprehensive evaluation of available data on a topic), some explanation is needed of what we envision. We expect that JPCRD Review Articles will fall into one of the following categories:


This study examined the extent that motivational processes facilitate the comprehension of texts and the extent of culture's role in children's motivational processes of text comprehension. Relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the amount of reading, past reading achievement, and text comprehension were examined by utilizing structural equation modeling. Fourth-grade students (187 U.S. and 197 Chinese) were administered a reading test and two questionnaires regarding reading motivation and reading amount. A final model fit the data well, showing that intrinsic motivation predicted text comprehension for both student groups after controlling for all other variables. Extrinsic motivation negatively predicted text comprehension except when associated with intrinsic motivation. Reading amount did not predict text comprehension after controlling for motivational variables. The structural relationships were statistically equivalent across the U.S. and Chinese groups. Cultural influences on reading motivation, reading amount, and comprehension were discussed.


Bio-waste, coco peat is utilized to produce high-performance, hard carbon supercapacitor electrodes. Combined pyrolysis and activation methods are adopted to produce coco peat derived porous hard carbon. Structural analysis confirms the formation of hard carbon. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements and microscopy reveals the presence of micro and mesoporous structure with the pore size and pore volume of 10 nm and of 0.4226 cm3 g-1. The synthesized material produces excellent capacitance and stability and exhibits the specific capacitance of 422 F g-1 and 332 F g-1 at the scan rate of 1 mV s-1 and current density of 1A g-1. The capacity retention after 5000 cycles is 96.02%. The porous structure increases the electrolyte penetration and the large surface area facilitates electron transfer and charge diffusion kinetics.


This paper addresses the joint selection and power assignment of a largest set of given links which can communicate successfully at the same time under the physical interference model in the duplex (i.e. bidirectional) mode. For the special setting in which all nodes have unlimited maximum transmission power, Halldorsson and Mitra [5] developed an approximation algorithm with a huge constant approximation bound. For the general setting in which all nodes have bounded maximum transmission power, the existence of constant approximation algorithm remains open. In this paper, we resolve this open problem by developing an approximation algorithm which not only works for the general setting of bounded maximum transmission power, but also has a much smaller constant approximation bound.


In human society, one of the forms of moral relations are moral values that reflect the value ideas relating to the field of moral conscience the moral norms, principles, ideals, concepts of good and evil, justice and happiness. In values concentrated experience of humanity, which in turn means these values passed down from generation to generation. The gradual development of the personality of this experience as a result of moral education is defined by him as moral development. The role of the school in this process is high, because the moral education of students is carried out in the course of training, which includes methods of interaction between teacher and students, the content of the subjects taught in school, the style of the relationship between teacher and students; in the education of moral habits.


The apparatus described serves as an electric drive of a motion picture camera. It permits, in contradistinction to other devices for the same purpose, the independent adjustment of the exposure time and the interval between the exposures. The former can be adjusted between 0.2 and 5 sec., the latter continuously over a range of a factor 5000. Two applications of this apparatus in the field of microcinematography are described, one being the determination of the falling speed of suspended colloid particles in an ultramicroscope, the other being the recording of the growth of etch figures on crystal planes produced by electrolysis.


With respect to the fact that uranium ores are leached at higher temperatures with sodium carbonate, the possibility of ion exchange during or after leaching was investigated. The changes in the properties of the resins Mykion PA and Amberlite IRA-400 were examined at various temperatures. The capacity of resins was determined at 10 deg intervals from 20 to 90 deg C, and changes in this capacity were plotted against the number of leaching cycles. Also, the elution curves of the resins were established at various temperatures. (auth)


The green building trend has increased rapidly worldwide in recent decades as a means of addressing growing concerns over climate change and global warming and to reduce the impact of the building industry on the environment. A significant contribution in Australia is the use of a series of rating tools by the Green Building Council Australia (GBCA) for the certification of various types of buildings. This paper reviews the use of the Green Star system in Australian building construction, and investigates the potential challenges involved in acquiring the certification of Australian buildings by critically analysing a database of most recently certified GBCA projects. The results show that management-related credits and innovation-related credits are the easiest and most difficult respectively to obtain. Additionally, 6-Star green buildings achieve significantly higher points than other certified buildings in the Energy category. In contrast, 4 Star green buildings achieve more points in the Material category than 5 and 6 Star buildings. The study offers a useful reference for both property developers and project teams to obtain a better understanding of the rating scheme and consequently the effective preparation of certification documentation.


Diorganotin(IV) dipyrazolinates of the type R 2 Sn(C 15 H 12 N 2 OX) 2 [where C 15 H 12 N 2 OX = 3(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-5(4-X-phenyl)pyrazoline {where X = H (a); CH 3 (b); OCH 3 (c); Cl (d) and R = Me, Pr" and Ph}] have been synthesized by the reaction of R 2 SnCl 2 with sodium salt of pyrazolines in 1:2 molar ratio, in anhydrous benzene. These newly synthesized derivatives have been characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N, Cl and Sn), molecular weight measurement as well as spectral [IR and multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C and 119 Sn)] studies. The bidentate behaviour of the pyrazoline ligands was confirmed by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral data. A distorted trans-octahedral structure around tin(IV) atom for R 2 Sn(C 15 H 12 N 2 OX) 2 has been suggested. The free pyrazoline and diorganotin(IV) dipyrazolinates have also been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some diorganotin(IV) dipyrazolinates exhibit higher antibacterial and antifungal effect than free ligand and some of the antibiotics.


This paper deals with dynamic simulation of a directly driven wind generator with a full scale converter as interface to the grid. Using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), the system is controlled by two control strategies. I the first step, we have consider the vector (VC) strategy and in the second one, we have applied the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy. Simulation results investigate good performances of both proposed non linear approaches.


In order to improve the accuracy of the null value estimation and inverse halftoning mapping value of traditional inverse halftoning methods based on LUT,enhance the inverse halftoning image quality and sensory effects,combined with a existing digital image halftoning and inverse halftoning technology,propose a multi-domain value of the sub-block optimization algorithm with dynamic evaluation.The algorithm uses a dichotomy iterative multi-domain value block method with 8 neighborhood mean dynamic recursive method of evaluation,through template selection,initializing the LUT table,LUT inverse halftoning and complete LUT table to improve and optimize traditional LUT algorithm.The experiments show that the optimization algorithm for inverse halftoning is able to get a better visual effect than traditional LUT inverse halftoning and faster running speed.


When the present studies were initiated several years ago, a considerable body of information was available concerning both the acute and the late changes that occur in laboratory animals after whole-body exposure to external sources of ionizing radiations. By now this work has been extensively reviewed (1-9).3 The late changes were determined for the most part by examining the animals long after exposure, usually in the terminal state or immediately after death. The acute changes were studied during the month or two after exposure. Relatively little specific information was available, however, concerning the changes in surviving animals during the "intermediate" period, i.e., the period that follows the subsidence of the acute reaction and precedes the terminal state. It is the object of this paper to contribute such information for CAF1 mice and closely related information for BALB/c mice, both fully mature at the time of irradiation.


Purpose

In this study, self-leadership strategy serves as a self-regulatory mediating mechanism of individual differences in predicting individual creativity because it is related to actions intended to lead their own goal-directed activities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the boundary conditions of the effect of regulatory focus on employee self-leadership behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the contextual influence, cross-level moderating effect of empowering leadership on the relationship between the promotion (prevention) focus and self-leadership has been examined. The research data were collected from 441 employees of 65 work teams from three software companies located in Northern Taiwan. A time-lagged design by implementing three time surveys was applied to minimize potential problems of cross-sectional design. At Time 1, employees completed the measures of promotion focus, prevention focus, empowering leadership, and individual-level control variables. At Time 2, employees reported the extent of their self-leadership at work. In the final survey, team leaders assessed the individual employee creativity.

Findings

This study concludes several findings. When self-leading behavior-focused strategies are considered as mediators, the indirect relationships that promotion focus and prevention focus had with individual creativity were confirmed. As an influential team-level indicator, empowering leadership could moderate the relatedness between employees promotion-focused strategies and behavior-focused strategies that positively influenced on individual creativity.

Originality/value

In this study, responding to the call by De Stobbeleir et al. (2011) to examine how employees actively manage their creative performance, the author zoomed in on self-leadership strategies and how these strategies relate to actual creative performance.


The increasing integration of renewable energies in the electricity grid contributes considerably to achieve the European Union goals on energy and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions reduction. However, it also brings problems to grid management. Large scale energy storage can provide the means for a better integration of the renewable energy sources, for balancing supply and demand, to increase energy security, to enhance a better management of the grid and also to converge towards a low carbon economy. Geological formations have the potential to store large volumes of fluids with minimal impact to environment and society. One of the ways to ensure a large scale energy storage is to use the storage capacity in geological reservoir. In fact, there are several viable technologies for underground energy storage, as well as several types of underground reservoirs that can be considered. The geological energy storage technologies considered in this research were: Underground Gas Storage (UGS), Hydrogen Storage (HS), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Underground Pumped Hydro Storage (UPHS) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES). For these different types of underground energy storage technologies there are several types of geological reservoirs that can be suitable, namely: depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, aquifers, salt formations and caverns, engineered rock caverns and abandoned mines. Specific site screening criteria are applicable to each of these reservoir types and technologies, which determines the viability of the reservoir itself, and of the technology for any particular site. This paper presents a review of the criteria applied in the scope of the Portuguese contribution to the EU funded project ESTMAP – Energy Storage Mapping and Planning.


The convection heat transfer enhancement were researched and applied widely on heat exchange equipment in oil-gas gathering and transportation.Based on the general principles of pool boiling heat transfer theory,the main influenced factors to pool boiling were analyzed.The outside wall of tube was changed to make it concave-convex or porous surface,the pool boiling heat transfer was enhanced by an order of magnitude.Correct design pressure could make the pool boiling enhancing and improving the heat transfer coefficient outside horizontal tube.Finally,the pool boiling heat transfer calculation was discussed.


Building of three-dimensional models is an important topic in computer vision. Range finders only let to reconstruct a partial view of the object. However, in most part of applications a full reconstruction is required. Many authors have proposed several techniques to register 3D surfaces from multiple views. In this paper, a survey of the most common techniques is presented. Furthermore experimental results are performed, and a 3D model is obtained.


With the advent of the information age, the need for information technology construction is beginning to be realized when working in corporate financial management. The application of ERP systems to financial management has become a major trend in the development of modern society. This can help companies collect financial information in real time and analyze and process the obtained information. This paper first gives the significance and models of the ERP financial management system. Then, a financial risk prediction model based on a deep learning model is designed. The method proposes an improved temporal convolutional network-long and short-term memory network (TCN_LSTM) structure and introduces an optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters of the deep learning model. Finally, several benchmark models and evaluation methods are used for comparative study. The experimental results show that the deep learning risk prediction model has significant superiority in prediction accuracy and stability. The proposed model can help enterprises organize their limited resources, realize the scientific allocation of enterprise resources, and create more benefits for enterprises.


In this paper, a two-stage battery charger for light electric vehicles (LEVs) is presented. The first stage of the charger has characteristics of high voltage conversion ratio and unity power factor operation, and both are achieved by a bridgeless high gain SEPIC converter. The high voltage conversion ratio enables the first stage to operate over a wide range of input voltage conditions. At the second stage of the charger, an isolated positive output Luo DC-DC converter is employed to regulate the charging profile of the LEV battery under constant current (CC) charging mode. The presented two stage charger operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), which has dual advantages of significantly reducing the complexity of control mechanism along with having inherent feature of power factor correction (PFC) at the supply end thereby reducing the cost of control implementation. The design also enables the charger to reliably operate over a wide range of intermediate DC link voltage, which allows the converters to deliver a broad range of charging voltages at the output terminals. This study attempts to scrutinize the overall performance of the two-stage charger by carrying out the operational analysis using software simulations.


Objective: To observe and analyze the effect of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing intervention on stability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods: According to the random number table method,106 cases of stabilization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in our hospital were grouped into control group and intervention group. Control group: oxygen inhalation,resolving phlegm and other conventional treatments and nursing. Intervention group: on the basis of routine therapy combining Chinese and western medicine nursing intervention. We observed two groups' curative effect,FEV1,FEV1/ FVC before and after nursing. Results: Before nursing,two groups' FEV1,FEV1/ FVC,HDAC activity in sputum,TNF alpha and IL-8 were not significant(P 0. 05). After nursing,the control group' s FEV1,FEV1/ FVC,HDAC activity in sputum,TNF alpha and IL-8 were(1. 76 ± 0. 089) L,(71. 21 ± 5. 98) %,(1. 86 ± 0. 09) m / g,(127. 82 ± 26. 12) ng /L,(221. 71 ± 27. 86) ng / L and those of the intervention group were(1. 85 ± 0. 091) L,(74. 21 ± 6. 39) %,(2. 09 ± 0. 15) m / g,(121. 73 ± 18. 72) ng/L,(209. 91. 71 ± 22. 79) ng/L(P 0. 05). The effect comparison between treatment group and control group were significant(P 0. 05). Conclusion: Combining traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing can improve patients' clinical symptoms and can promote patients recovery and improve the effect of clinical treatment.


The Manifesto on Values and Democracy in Education was released as a document for debate and discussion, but was soon seen by political decision-makers as a document on which education policy could be based. The point of departure of this article is that any document dealing with values, which must serve as a basis for the development of educational policy, should at least provide a clear outline of what values are, be grounded in education philosophy, and clearly reflect the relationship between values and education. A manifesto of this nature should therefore indicate its world view, its anthropological view of the child, the role and function that education should play, the content to be included, a demarcation of what teaching and learning entails and a clear indication of where education should take place. According to our analysis very few of these aspects are covered and at best it could be assumed from the document that the authors lean more towards a sociological orientation to education. It is also inferred that the authors seem to be more inclined towards an eclectic view of values and education resulting in a number of tensions and contradictions emerging in the document. To illustrate the point, two of these theory/praxis problems are discussed.


Arabic and Islamic learning and education are among the key elements of the foundation narrative of the Ilọrin emirate, as was the case in other parts of the former Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria. The introduction of Islamic preaching in several languages was realised by Qurʾānic scholars of different origins. Ilọrin shares the Arabic literary tradition of northern Nigeria to a large extent. This chapter describes the Arabic manuscripts photographed in the years 1987 and 1989, in the course of the author field research on the history of Islamic learning and education in Ilọrin. The following samples serve to illustrate some important aspects of the literary culture of the town, namely: its early connection with the calligraphic tradition of Borno, its occasional contacts with the Middle East, its higher level of legal and philological literature and a peculiar expression of Prophetic piety. Keywords: Arabic manuscripts; Ilọrin emirate; Islamic learning; literary culture; Nigeria; Prophetic piety; Qurʾānic scholars; Sokoto Caliphate


This work- testimony intended to question about the female endeavor  in spaces where it is combine politics and power, calling the experience of a group of women, professionals  from a local government, seeking to achieve their "empowerment" and either the women of the community in which is inserted its actions: a "commune" of the metropolitan region during the year 2009. The global scenario that fits this experience are the recent elections of Mayors/as and the government of President Michelle Bachelet in its final part, after four years in which as it was never heard about gender equity in our country. In this work, I would try to describe the scenario in which these women were expelled by their male peers, on behalf of the covenant of the "homosociability" from peers.


Addition of REM is carried out by high exchange reaction of the molten salt and aluminum. The selection of the best salt composition was conducted. A perspective method is the injection process of the powder in the aluminum melt. A number of melting was conducted at the production conditions at the JSC Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant. Processability of the injection obtaining of the aluminoscandium alloys, was showed.


This paper presents a critical appraisal of the project of Westphal. Westphal attempted to make a case for the religious appropriation of post-modernism. Using both the methods of logico-rational analysis and religious parameters, the paper shows that his project is not a viable project. It is argued that the logical status of post-modernist claims is not, as he says, that of meta-narratives but of 'meta-meta narratives and thus they become entangled into a contradiction and cannot be seen to have the humble position Westphal wants them to have. We show the futility of the distinction made by Westphal between 'what' and 'how.' Finally, his hermeneutics of suspicion and that of infinitude are mutually inconsistent because he has attached the element of 'unconsciousness' with the former, while the latter completely ignores the Semitic idea of human deformity and only takes into account the sin of Adam. It is submitted that because of these shortcomings the religious appropriation project proposed by Westphal is not a feasible project. This is a significant area of research because the implications of postmodernism for religion have not been seriously examined in our culture and the focus of attention has been the field of literature.


Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of Instant Powder of Xinyun Panax Notoginseng against chemical induced damages on hepatocytes of rat.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups,i.e.,1 25g/kg·bw?3 75g/kg·bw and 7 50g/kg·bw dosages of Xinyun Panax Notoginseng,CCl 4 model control and negative control.Xinyun Panax Notoginseng was fed to the rats through gavage (2%(v/w)) continuously for 30 days.On execution of the animals,serum biochemical indexes were examined and pathological and enzyme histochemical assays were carried out.Results:Level of serum ALT and putrescence of hepatocytes in 7 50g/kg·bw dosage fed rats was lowered down compared to that of rats treated with CCl 4 only( P 0.05).Activities of membranous enzymes of hepatocytes,i.e.5-N?ATPase?SDH?NADPH in 7 50g/kg·bw dosage fed rats were enhanced compared to that of rats treated with CCl4 only( P 0.05).Conclusion:Instant Powder of Xinyun Panax Notoginseng has certain protective effects against CCl 4 induced damages on hepatocytes of rat.


During our current study we evaluated the effect of ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) and Enterobacter sp. CS2 on nickel stress alleviation and phytoextraction by Impatiens balsamina L in spiked soil. Nickel resistant Enterobacter sp. CS2 was isolated from soil polluted by industrial effluents. The I. balsamina seeds primed with Enterobacter sp. CS2 were raised in EDTA-supplemented soil (10 mM) contaminated with 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 Ni for 50 days. The effect of different treatments on plant growth attributes, nickel tolerance index, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor were evaluated. The Ni stress reduced plant growth, carotenoids, and chlorophyll (chl) content. However, higher Ni uptake and proline contents were observed in plants growing in Ni-contaminated soils. The Enterobacter sp. CS2 inoculation further enhanced Ni uptake and proline contents in I. balsamina plants growing under Ni stress. The inoculated plants showed improved shoot length, root length, carotenoid content, chl 'a' and 'b' contents, root and shoot dry weight. The Ni tolerance index in Enterobacter sp. CS2-assisted plants was much higher compared to un-inoculated ones. The inoculated plants supplemented with EDTA enhanced 39%, 34%, and 30% Ni uptake in roots respectively under 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 of Ni treatment as compared with un-inoculated plants. The data regarding bioconcentration factor and translocation factor showed that Ni phytoextraction capability of I. balsamina plants was significantly enhanced with the supplementation of Enterobacter sp. CS2 and EDTA.


Tracer diffusion coefficients have been measured at 298.2 K for the five solvents benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, n-hexane and dimethylformamide separately and in a mixture at 0.2 mole fraction of each component. Tracer diffusion coefficients have been measured at 298.2 K for the binary system ethanol + benzene over the whole concentration range. These data coupled with viscosity data and density data have been used to test the Albright equation. Agreement between measured and calculated viscosity was within 1% for the five-component mixture and the maximum deviation was 1.9% for the binary mixture. Data previously obtained from this laboratory for the binary systems octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)+ CCl4, OMCTS + benzene and cyclopentane + cyclo-octane were also used to test the Albright equation. Good agreement was again found in these cases.


An optical connector includes a connector body that has a first optical fiber housed in advance in a ferrule so as to project from a back end of the ferrule opposite to the connecting end surface and an anchoring fixture that anchors a second optical fiber that is to be optically connected to the first optical fiber, and by pressing the anchoring fixture into the connector body while the second optical fiber is anchored in this anchoring fixture, the anchoring fixture and the connector body are connected to optically connect the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, and the connecting portion that connects the anchoring fixture and the connector body form a movable connecting portion that is adapted to vary the direction of the anchoring fixture with respect to the connector body.


This paper we research on the problem of cooperative virtual multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) network communication distance under the assumption of nodes placed along an appointed direction. The objective here is to choose the parameters value to solve this model based on the double improved ant colony system (DIACS) and genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the set of relays to satisfy the outage probability constraint. We use experimental analyses to carry out the reasonable selection value of all the parameters in the algorithm. The simulation experiments compared during DIACS with Ant Colony System (ACS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, the simulation results proves DIACS is effective, and has an advantage of high accuracy and time saving especially when optimize the parameters' value, and the results are better than the other two algorithms.


Gardner, William A., Cyclic Wiener Filtering: Theory and Method, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 151-163 (Jan. 1993). Kohno, Ryuji, et al., Combination of an Adaptive Array Antenna and a Canceller of Interference for Direct-Se quence Spread Spectrum Multiple-Access System, IEEE Journal On Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 675-681 (May 1990). Yoshino, Hitoshi, et al., Interference Cancelling Character istics of DFE Transversal-Combining Diversity in Mobile Radio Environment-Comparisons with Metric-Combining Schemes, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1, vol. 77, No. 9, pp. 85-98 (1994).


—The use of speech for human-machine interaction benefits from being our most natural way of communication. Profiting from a widespread use of devices providing audio input, applications increasingly support speech recognition and understanding, but several challenges are still to be addressed. A common solution to support spoken language understanding uses semantic grammars. Also, for speech recognizers, grammars are a common way of configuring what can be recognized. The definition of these grammars, to support a semantically rich spoken interaction, involves a large amount of resources and linguistic knowledge and, therefore, systems tend to support a single language or multiple languages in a very narrow semantic scope. To address this issue, we propose to use an existing grammar to generate grammars for other languages by using automatic translation and taking into consideration aspects such as word realignment and grammar expansion, based on multiple possible translations. This method fosters effortless creation of a semantically rich grammar, for the target language, which can then be revised. The proposed method has already been successfully used to enable multilingual speech interaction for AALFred, a personal life assistant, covering English, French, Hungarian, Polish, and Portuguese.


Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease which often affects middle-aged adults. Amongst the reticular, atrophic and erosive types, bullous form of lichen planus is rarely observed. Case Report: A case of 60-year-old male complaining of discomfort in lower front gingiva with occasional fluid filled vesicles in same area and buccal mucosa. Based on clinical and histopathological findings the case was diagnosed as bullous lichen planus. Management of bullous form of oral lichen planus is challenging and there is no reliable effective treatment. The mainstay of therapy remains topical and oral corticosteroids but there are limited data on the potential efficacy of newer agents. Here we report a case which was managed Khushboo Goel1, Ashish Shrestha2, Vinay Marla3, Iccha Maharjan4 Affiliations: 1MDS, Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal; 2MDS, Associate Professor, Dr. Ashish Shrestha, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal; 3MDS, Assistant Professor, Dr.Vinay Marla, Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal; 4MDS, Assistant Professor, Dr. Iccha Maharjan, Department of Oral medicine and radiology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal. Corresponding Author: Dr. Khushboo Goel, MDS, Periodontology and Oral Implantology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health and Sciences, Dharan 56700, Nepal, E-mail: email@example.com Received: 24 November 2016 Accepted: 10 January 2017 Published: 27 January 2017 with low dose corticosteroids (betamethasone) combined with an immunomodulator (pentoxifylline) which achieved clinical success with no recurrence and minimal side effects during one year follow-up. Conclusion: This case provides evidence that low dose corticosteroids combined with immunomodulator improved clinical outcome in bullous form of disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the complication and reduce morbidity in this rare entity.


The management of tetraplegic women in pregnancy and labour is a rare event, with sporadic cases reported worldwide. These women often require increased medical input due to potentially life-threatening complications associated with their spinal cord injury. Of these, autonomic dysreflexia is the most widely feared. We present a case of a 37-yearold lady with tetraplegia in the United Kingdom who had been involved in a road traffic accident (RTA) 3 years prior to her pregnancy. We explore how early intervention in controlling pain and blood pressure can prove vital in avoidance of complications. By increasing awareness of the commonly encountered medical issues these women may face, we better prepare healthcare professionals and thus optimise the care we deliver to our future patients.


Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is known to both accumulate and tolerate high levels of heavy metals from polluted soils. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the effect of cadmium (Cd) treatment on B. juncea roots, two quantitative proteomics approaches – fluorescence two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) and multiplexed isobaric tagging technology (iTRAQ) – were implemented. Several proteins involved in sulfur assimilation, redox homeostasis, and xenobiotic detoxification were found to be up‐regulated. Multiple proteins involved in protein synthesis and processing were down‐regulated. While the two proteomics approaches identified different sets of proteins, the proteins identified in both datasets are involved in similar biological processes. We show that 2‐D DIGE and iTRAQ results are complementary, that the data obtained independently using the two techniques validate one another, and that the quality of iTRAQ results depends on both the number of biological replicates and the number of sample injections. This study determined the involvement of enzymes such as peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase and 2‐nitropropane dioxygenase in alternatives redox‐regulation mechanisms, as well as O‐acetylserine sulfhydrylase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and glutathione‐conjugate membrane transporter, as essential players in the Cd hyperaccumation and tolerance of B. juncea.


There are methods, devices and integrated circuits for a buck converter charger disclosed in a multi-phase buck converter topology, comprising at least a first phase, a second phase and a switch for alternative shop, the first phase of a first high-side switch and a first Low -Side-switch and the second phase comprising a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch. The methods, devices and integrated circuits can at least control a phase so that it operates as a boost converter, at least control a phase so that it operates as a step-down converter, and close the switch for alternative malls multiphase buck converter topology to an alternative charge source to connect a system power output, the switch being coupled for alternative charging between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch with the first phase.


Three methods were used to estimate the ultimate biodegradability of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. These methods included: long-term batch digestion studies, measurement of lignin content, and chemostat studies. The ultimate biodegradability values obtained from these methods were compared to a field operation using a pilot scale, high-solids, complete-mix, thermophilic, anaerobic digestion process. The biodegradability obtained from the pilot study, at a mass retention time of 30 days, was approximately 83 and 81% of the estimated values obtained from the lignin content and the batch study, respectively. In addition, it has been shown that the contents of the biodegradable volatile solids affects the prediction of biogas production rate, the computation of the organic loading rate, and feedstock C/N ratio.


In order to demonstrate the status and the trend of water environment carrying capacity,the fuzzy matter-element model coupled with entropy weight method was adapted to calculate the proximity between the water environment carrying capacity and standard samples in the area of Muping district,Yantai City from 2005 to 2009.A total of seven indices were selected.The results show that the proximity between the water environment carrying capacity and standard samples were 0.804 7,0.684 2,0.666 7,0.675 3,and 0.696 1 from 2005 to 2009,respectively.The water environment carrying capacity were at level Ⅲ in 2006 and 2009,while the other three years were under level Ⅲ,indicating poor water environment carrying capa-city of the investigated area.Furthermore,suggestions were made on improving the water environment carrying capacity and promoting the sustainable development of society and economy.


Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder known to affect upper and lower motor neurons, being SOD1 mutations the second most commonly found in familial and sporadic cases. We describe a patient with a pathogenic mutation in SOD1 gene that presented with a progressive cerebellar ataxia and ultimately developed a complex phenotype of cerebellar ataxia and motor neuron disease. The linkage between the cerebellum and ALS is shortly discussed.


A summary of the most recent investigations of conformation and solution properties of a polymer conjugate of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel is given. First results of spectroscopic studies of interaction with model proteins in the solid state and in solution are discussed.


CERN is constructing a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be installed in the existing LEP tunnel of 27 km circumference. The LHC will accelerate two proton beams, injected at 450 GeV, in opposite directions and will collide them at a centre of mass energy of 14 TeV. The injection kicker systems will consist of four travelling wave type magnets and four pulse forming networks (PFNs) for each beam, discharged by thyratron switches. Resonant charging systems (RCS), located with the switches and PFNs in a gallery parallel to the LHC tunnel, are employed to charge the PFNs within 1 ms to 60 kV. The aim of this fast charging is to minimise the number of spontaneous firings of the thyratron. The stability and pulse to pulse reproducibility of the charging voltage must be maintained to a precision of /spl les/+0.1%. Each resonant charging system consists of a 2.4 mF primary capacitor bank, charged to 2.5 kV, and connected via a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) and a 1:23 step-up transformer to two PFNs of 5 /spl Omega/ characteristic impedance, each with a total capacitance of 0.96 /spl mu/F. The PFNs are discharged 400 /spl mu/s after the end of the charging period into the kicker magnets. The GTO switch is used in gate assisted turn-off (GAT) mode and the pulse transformer has a particularly low leakage inductance. In this paper special attention is paid to analogue circuit simulations of the RCS showing both normal and abnormal operating modes. Furthermore the choice of electrical components is presented and discussed. These RCSs are designed, constructed and tested at TRIUMF in collaboration with CERN as part of the Canadian contribution to the LHC project.


We prepared a regulatory evaluation of the estimated costs to comply with this AD and placed it in the AD docket. Adoption of the Amendment Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows: PART 39 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES ■ 1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows: 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness directive (AD): (b) Affected ADs None. (d) Reason This AD was prompted by the discovery that the low-pressure compressor (LPC) fan blade leading edges erode in service and create an unacceptable blade flutter margin. We are issuing this AD to prevent LPC fan blade failure, damage to the engine, and damage to the airplane. (e) Actions and Compliance Unless already done, do the following actions: (1) For Tay 620–15 engines, replace the complete set of LPC fan blades with a set eligible for installation as follows: (i) If on the effective date of this AD, the LPC fan blades: (A) Have less than 10,000 flight cycles since new (FCSN) or flight cycles since last repair (FCSLR), replace the blades before accumulating 12,000 FCSN or FCSLR. (B) Have 10,000 or more FCSN or FCSLR, replace the blades within 2,000 flight cycles (FC). (ii) Thereafter, replace the LPC fan blades within 12,000 FCSN or FCSLR. (2) For Tay 650–15 and Tay 651–54 engines, replace the complete set of LPC fan blades with a set eligible for installation as follows: (i) If on the effective date of this AD, the LPC fan blades: (A) Have less than 8,000 FCSN or FCSLR, replace the blades before accumulating 10,000 FCSN or FCSLR. (B) Have 8,000 or more FCSN or FCSLR, replace the fan blades within 2,000 FC. (ii) Thereafter, replace the LPC fan blades within 10,000 FCSN or FCSLR. (f) Definitions (1) For the purpose of this AD, a repair is one that was performed in accordance with RRD Alert Non-Modification Service Bulletin (NMSB) No. Tay-72–A1782, Revision 2, dated May 30, 2013, or earlier versions of this Alert NMSB. (2) LPC fan blades eligible for installation are: (i) For Tay 620–15 engines, LPC fan blades with less than 12,000 FCSN or FCSLR; and (ii) For Tay 650–15 and Tay 651–54 engines, LPC fan blades with less than 10,000 FCSN or FCSLR. The Manager, Engine Certification Office, FAA, may approve AMOCs to this …


In the course of studies and observations .concerning Poa bulbosa described separately (2, 3) it became evident that this grass is characterized by extensive versatility in Europe, Asia, and Africa and in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Inasmuch as most of the published information is distributed in a large number of European botanical works, it has seemed well to assemble those data to accompany the American data in this report. The specific conditions mentioned for the occurrence of P. bulbosa in the literature reviewed by Halperin (2, 3) include dry soils, sand or sandy soils, roadsides, glaciers, infertile, rocky, and lime soils; open sunlight and forests; elevations from sea-level to 7,000 feet; and cultivated fields. Rouy (8), Vilmorin (10), and Knoche (5) also report P. bulbosa in several of the above-mentioned environmental conditions. Vilmorin (10) and Knoche (5) state that this grass is found in shade. Data regarding P. bulbosa on Szik (alkali) soils in Hungary are quoted as follows from Sigmond (9): "The plants of Szik prairies have accommodated themselves to the


ABSTRACT This article introduces a special issue of the International Journal of Cartography that envisions the future of cartographic research. Following a process of collaborative ideation among International Cartographic Association (ICA) commissions, their members and other allied scholars and professionals, five articles have been crafted to highlight challenges and opportunities for cartographic research in the decades ahead. The first article characterizes the evolution of cartographic research through analysis of the activities of the ICA. Next, we present four new research agendas on persistent problems in cartographic research, big data and geovisual analytics, designing across map use contexts and use and user issues.


A series of V- and/or Ti-loading MCM-41 catalysts are successfully synthesized with a hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic and thermal epoxidations of cyclohexene in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) were investigated with real-time monitored by NIR-Raman spectroscopy. It suggests that both V- and Ti-loading can be responsible for the cyclohexene epoxidation. Moreover, the complementary behavior of V- and Ti-loading may be related to a similar role of activation. Interestingly, the progress of the photo-epoxidation on V0.25Ti2/MCM-41 photocatalyst was monitored by changes in intensity of the characteristic Raman bands without interference from the UV-light irradiation. The result, for the first time, reveals that cyclohexene was directly photo-epoxidized to 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by t-BuOOH during the reaction. A possible mechanism of cyclohexene photo-epoxidation is also proposed for this study.


We describe techniques for building an anonymous network-attached storage system. Central to our design is adaptation, which enables higher performance without administrative tuning. Via a range of simulation experiments and a prototype implementation, we quantify the costs of providing anonymous storage and explore the parameters to which system performance is sensitive. We find that adding anonymity to a network-attached storage system is indeed feasible, increasing the network load by only a small, constant factor. "Regular presentation", Student paper Contact email: firstname.lastname@example.com Mail: 1210 W Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706


The invention relates to a device for fastening a fixed nut at an end of a metal roller. The device comprises a sleeve ring, at least one movable tooth block capable of rotating in one direction and at least one tension spring connected with the at least one movable tooth block, wherein a rectangular block is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve ring; two through slots passing through the inner surface and the outer surface of the sleeve ring are formed in the axial middle of the sleeve ring; the left side wall of each through slot has an inclined surface; rotating shafts are arranged in the two through slots; the axes of the rotating shafts are parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve ring; the rotating shafts are close to the left side walls of the through slots; the semicircular roots of the movable tooth blocks are arranged in the through slots through the rotating shafts; the left end face and the right end face of each movable tooth block has flat surfaces, and are vertical to a circumferential plane, in which the sleeve ring is positioned respectively; the left end face of each movable tooth block is tightly attached to the left side wall of each through slot; the through slots are longer than the movable tooth blocks; one end of the tension spring is fixed on the sleeve ring near the through slots, and the other end of the tension spring is connected with the root of each movable tooth block; and the top ends of the movable tooth blocks extend out of the inner surface of the sleeve ring, and face the circle center under the action of the tension springs.


Wort evaporating process is one of key processes in brewery workshop. It's very important to model the process for control the evaporating intensity and product quality. A novel modeling method for wort evaporating process was introduced and the control system was designed based on the plant characteristic. According to compensation principle, a factor named fouling-compensator for controller was calculated by estimating the wort fouling resistance. The controller using fouling-compensator has a better performance against the fouling disturbance when system mode changes from dirty to clean and against the recipe disturbance when recipes change from one batch to another batch. The new method realized the automatic tuning of control parameters. The accuracy of evaporating intensity increased from /spl plusmn/1% to /spl plusmn/0.3%.


The invention belongs to a biodegradable nano-particle bonded with a hemoglobin molecule, and a method for preparing the biodegradable nano-particle. A polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer with such active functional groups as carboxy groups, amino groups, hydroxyl groups, triple bonds and so on in lateral chains is assembled to form micelle, and the micelle is bonded with the hemoglobin molecule; or firstly, the polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer is bonded with the hemoglobin molecule and then is assembled to get a chemical bonded hemoglobin nano-particle system. The size of the nano-particle prepared ranges from 80nm to 800nm. The hemoglobin accounts for 100 to 500 percent of the nano-particle by weight; the viscosity of the solution ranges from 1MPs to 4MPs; the salt content ranges from 50mM to 200mM; the pH value ranges from 7.0 to 7.6; the oxygen Affinity ranges from 6mmHg to 50mmHg; the stable half life of the hemoglobin ranges from 15 to 24 hours. The bonded hemoglobinnano-particle can be used for manual transmission of oxygen, and as an erythrocyte simulator, which can be used for clinical blood transfusion and to cure cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.


The main result of this paper is a far reaching generalization of the completeness result given by V. Katsnelson in a recent paper ( [35]). Instead of just using a collection of dilated Gaussians it is shown that the key steps of an earlier paper ( [27]) by the authors, combined with the use of Tauberian conditions (i.e. the non-vanishing of the Fourier transform) allow us to show that the linear span of the translates of a single function g ∈ S(R) is a dense subspace of any Banach space satisfying certain double invariance properties. In fact, a much stronger statement is presented: for a given compact subset M in such a Banach space (B, ‖ · ‖B) one can construct a finite rank operator, whose range is contained in the linear span of finitely many translates of g, and which approximates the identity operator over M up to a given level of precision. The setting of tempered distributions allows to reduce the technical arguments to methods which are widely used in Fourier Analysis. The extension to non-quasi-analytic weights respectively locally compact Abelian groups is left to a forthcoming paper, which will be technically much more involved and uses different ingredients.


The medical cyclotron at the Bern University Hospital (Inselspital) is used for both routine 18 F production for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and multidisciplinary research. It provides proton beams of variable intensity at a nominal fixed energy of 18 MeV. Several scientific activities, such as the measurement of nuclear reaction cross-sections or the production of non-conventional radioisotopes for medical applications, require a precise knowledge of the energy of the beam extracted from the accelerator. For this purpose, a study of the beam energy was performed as a function of cyclotron operational parameters, such as the magnetic field in the dipole magnet or the position of the extraction foil. The beam energy was measured at the end of the 6 m long Beam Transfer Line (BTL) by deflecting the accelerated protons by means of a dipole electromagnet and by assessing the deflection angle with a beam profile detector.


Advanced maternal age has long been acknowledged as a risk factor for genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. Owing to the large number of cell divisions that occur during spermatogenesis, we can speculate that advanced paternal age (APA) can contribute to an increased number of de novo mutations.1 Autosomal dominant diseases such as achondroplasia and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome are strongly associated with APA. However, the association between APA and complex disorders such as cancer and psychopathology is less clear.


Abstract: The prerequisites for the successful implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) include high inter-subject variation, low inter-occasion variation, narrow therapeutic index and a strong link between plasma drug concentrations and clinical effects. The degree to which targeted anticancer drugs meet these criteria is not the only consideration in implementing precision dosing. Methodological, logistical, funding and cultural barriers also provide challenges to the successful implementation of approaches to individualised therapy. This review considers the barriers to the routine use of TDM, using examples from both conventional (cytotoxic) anticancer, but also considering more recent data and examples more relevant to chronic, oral administration of targeted therapies. Based on these examples and the associated principles for the implementation of precision dosing, proposals may be made for a more rational, real-world approach to the best use of precision medicines.


In the paper presented are authors own concepts of high temperature compressor heat pumps for the utilisation of medium and low temperature sources of heat. Working fluids for use in high temperature heat pumps are discussed, as well as the criteria for their selection. Analyses are presented for the production of in the upper steam source at 130 °C. One-stage systems and cascade systems were analyzed. An analysis of the coefficient of performance (COP) and the most important characteristic values of the cycle for the selected working fluids was performed. The substance that achieved the highest COP was ethanol. Calculations have shown that this operating medium is most effective at a very wide temperature range from 80 to 150 °C, making it a promising prospect for use in high temperature heat pumps. For ethanol, the most thermodynamically advantageous is the basic one-stage system, without subcooling. In the case of a suitably high degree of subcooling, cascade systems such as R365mfc/R1234ze (Z) and pentane / R1234ze (Z) have also been considered.


This chapter reviews the critical problems identified and the key recommendations that emerged from the Hospital Strategy Project. It also describes how these fit together to provide an integrated vision and strategy for South Africa's public hospital system


The energy spectrum of primary cosmic radiation (PCR) jointly with the lateral distribution function (LDF) of electrons and muons in extensive air shower (EAS) with the energy E0 ≥ 10 eV by data of the Yakutsk array for the 1974−2005 are presented. It is shown that in the separate energy intervals the spectrum and LDF are of different form for the events coming from the Supergalaxy (Local supercluster of galactics) disk and the rest part of the sky. It is interpreted as a manifestation of the possible interaction of the extragalactic PCR with a Supergalaxy gas under which, perhaps, new particles of superhigh energies are arisen.


ABSTRACT Drawing on ethnographic research with four families with children with profound cognitive disabilities who are nonverbal, this article argues that communication and joy among such families are undermined by common perceptions of disability as tragedy and lack of language as absence of communication. Because the Church often perpetuates understandings of disability as tragedy, joy in such families must stand in resistance to not just ableist society, but also to the Church. Therefore, we argue that both such families and the Church remain 'lonely' in their joy. Accordingly, we charge the Church to receive and accept a broad variety of communication in order to embrace, come alongside, and magnify the joy of families with persons with disabilities who are nonverbal, enlarging the context of joy in Christian community.


The book concentrates on systematic presentation of the results of theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis of the synchronization effects for periodical, quasiperiodical, chaotic and stochastic oscillations. The classical theory of synchronization is given in detail and the limits on its applicability to studying the synchronization effects for quasiperiodical and nonperiodical oscillations are discussed. to transition metals, current achievements in the theory of electron correlations of d- and f-systems are discussed in the framework of multielectron models. book is wide solid The book presents to the reader the results of studying a new phenomenon in the ocean: chaotic advection, mixing and transfer of passive impurities. The authors use systematically analytical and numerical methods of the theory of dynamical systems and Hamiltonian chaos to study chaotic advection in kinematic and dynamic models of ocean currents and the manifestations of this advection in the ocean. A review of laboratory experiments on chaotic advection and mixing in liquids is included. The book is written in simple style; it gives visually clear explanations of chaotic effects using 140 figures. The of and theory of dynamical systems, as and postgraduates


In many development projects, technologies with potential to improve welfare are under adopted and under-utilized once adopted. One possible cause for this inefficiency is ignoring fit risk (the risk the technology may not meet the needs of the potential adopter). This dissertation attempts to introduce fit risk in the development context and develops a framework to analyze resource misallocation when fit risk is not addressed by project donors and managers. We examine strategies to reduce fit risk, like pre-purchase demonstration to reduce waste and enhance intake. The dissertation analyzes when it is worth to incur costly demonstration of the technology that eliminates fit-risk, and shows that the economic net benefit of costly demonstration is non-monotone in the probability of technology fit. Demonstration is not worthy when the probability of non-suitability of the technology is either too high or too low. Even if well-implemented demonstration eliminates fit-risk and improves project value, it does not necessarily increase take-up of the technology. Ignoring fit-risk or misunderstanding demand in the presence of fit-risk can lead to miscalculating project values in development projects and to making wrong support decisions. The predictions of the model are tested using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the case of vision aid technology (eyeglasses) in rural Cambodia. The analysis recognizes heterogeneity among individuals with respect to the benefit from glasses where eyesight is the proxy variable for different levels of likelihood of fit. Our empirical study shows that a one-week free trial (a type of demonstration) increased the take-up rate for the middle-fit group (mild vision impairment), while it decreased for the high-fit group (substantial vision impairment). While overall intake of the eyeglasses did not change much, people who purchased eyeglasses after the one-week free trial tended to use their eyeglasses more frequently than people who purchased the eyeglasses after only a single, ten-minute fitting process. This implies that such marketing efforts can lead to better allocation of technology and improve technology provision efficiency even if they do not necessarily increase take-up.


A seperative technology that consists of macropore resin adsorption and concentration gradient desorption was proposed. The results showed that when velocity of feed flow was 2.0 mL/min, the height and diameter proportion of column was 10∶1, operation temperature was 30℃, the yield of Puerarin could reach 93.75%.During the experiment, the thin layer chromatography was the qualitative determination; the ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometric method was the quantitative determination.


Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the pathway of anti-allergic effects of Cheonmaec-tang (CMT). Methods We examined the cell viability, -hexosaminidase release, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and mRNA expressions, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-) (p65) activation, inbibitor kappa B-alpha () degradation, and MAPKs activation in RBL-2H3 cells pre-treated by CMT of 2.0 mg/ml, 4.0 mg/ml separately. Results We observed that CMT reduced the secretion of -hexosaminidase, TNF-, IL-4 and the expression of COX-2 mRNA in RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, CMT inhibited the levels of activation of NF- (p65) protein, ERK MAPK, and degradation of in RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusions These results show that CMT has an anti-histamine effect and inhibitory effect of NF- (p65) through regulation of degradation. These suggest that CMT could be used as an anti-allergic medicine.


This article addresses the challenges facing the child welfare system in general, and child protection practice in particular, in responding to female genital mutilation (FGM) in an Australian context. Policy and programmatic responses to FGM are analysed to identify how child welfare concerns may be addressed in a culturally sensitive manner. PGM is depicted as a multi-dimensional phenomenon, related to a complex of inter-connected cultural, social, economic, religious, gender and migration issues. An appropriate response is one that acknowledges these antecedents through the utilisation of a holistic, multidisciplinary approach. Legal and child protection responses to FGM are inadequate if operating in isolation and are most effective as adjuncts to community development strategies that are aimed at education, information dissemination and consciousness raising among affected communities. More work needs to be undertaken to develop frameworks for practitioners in a cross-cultural context, particularly in the light of continued settlement within Australia of migrant and refugee communities from countries with different child-rearing practices and beliefs.


High flow rate, water-driven hydraulic fractures are more common now than ever in the oil and gas industry. Although the fractures are small, the high injection rate and low viscosity of the water, lead to high Reynolds numbers and potentially turbulence in the fracture. Here we present a semi-analytical solution for a blade-shaped (PKN) geometry hydraulic fracture driven by a turbulent fluid in the limit of zero fluid leak-off to the formation. We model the turbulence in the PKN fracture using the Gaukler-Manning-Strickler parametrization, which relates the the flow rate of the water to the pressure gradient along the fracture. The key parameter in this relation is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for the roughness of the crack wall. Coupling this turbulence parametrization with conservation of mass allows us to write a nonlinear pde for the crack width as a function of space and time. By way of a similarity ansatz, we obtain a semi-analytical solution using an orthogonal polynomial series. Embedding the asymptotic behavior near the fracture tip into the polynomial series, we find very rapid convergence: a suitably accurate solution is obtained with two terms of the series. This closed-form solution facilitates clear comparisons between the results and parameters for laminar and turbulent hydraulic fractures. In particular, it resolves one of the well known problems whereby calibration of models to data has difficulty simultaneously matching the hydraulic fracture length and wellbore pressure.


This study examines the conditional sentence structures in Igbo and Tongan languages and aims to reveal the similarities and differences between these languages regarding the semantic structure and syntactic characteristics of the conditional clauses. Therefore, the contrastive analysis procedure is applied which consists of three steps as (1) description; (2) juxtaposition; (3) comparison (Krzeszowski, 1990). In pursuit of the description of the conditional sentence structures in Igbo and Tongan languages, they are juxtaposed and compared. This contrastive analysis procedure revealed that Igbo and Tongan languages have both the first, second, and third conditions. In addition, Tongan has also zero conditions. Moreover, they may use different forms to express the condition which gives the meaning that the situation may or may not be fulfilled, theoretically possible but unlikely future situations and impossible conditions. In view of all the similarities and differences found in the analysis, Tongan and Igbo languages which are the member of different language families and whose native speakers live so far away from each other share common points in regard to the types of conditional clause while their structures differ in terms of degree.


HE various types of rehabilitation institutions differ in structure, staff functions, major roles, techniques employed, and the attitude of the public toward their inmates. However, at a higher level of abstraction, they are similar in their objectives, their organizational problems, and the resources employed. Both the mental hospital and the prison have the objective of modifying the behavior of inmates to the end that they will become capable of performing roles consistent with the norms of total society. To achieve this, both of these rehabilitation institutions must instill in the inmate an identification with the total social order and must reorient his attitudes into a more constructive and positive form. Both encounter the handicaps of inadequate facilities, lack of qualified personnel, and insufficient operating budgets. Although the use of tranquilizer drugs and new intensive therapy procedures have brought significant improvements in the situation for mental hospitals, both types of rehabiliation institutions have had difficulties in meeting the demands for ordinary living of inmates. Treatment beyond custody has encountered even greater difficulties. In addition to coping with the sheer number of inmates, the rehabilitation institution has had to adjust itself to new demands on staff and resources brought by efforts to supplant custodial-oriented programs with expensive and time-consuming treatment programs. With greater insights into the etiology of behavioral maladjustment and development of improved treatment techniques, there has come a greater need for specialized training. This, in turn, has brought increased division of labor to the staff, a trend more advanced in mental hospitals but already noticeable in penal institutions. The increased size of staff and of inmate population and the greater division of labor within the professional staff have created the need to systematize the relationships between the staff members and between staff members and inmates. Informal and personal arrangements have had to be supplanted by codes of formalized rules and deliberately created organizational plans implemented by specialized functionaries skilled in the techniques of bureaucratic administration. The trend from dilettantism to bureaucracy is found in other institutions, as Lentz has noted for voluntary hospitals,' but it has special implications for rehabilitation institutions to be discussed shortly. This trend is signalled by the appearance of elements of bureaucracy in the organization and activities of the rehabilitation institution. Functional jurisdictions are fixed formally within the total area of activity, with responsibilities and authority distributed and strictly delimited in accordance with a deliberately conceived organizational scheme based on a hierarchy of official positions. Each position is occupied by a person possessing specific qualifications consistent with the function of that position. These qualifications increasingly are dependent upon formal, professional, and specialized training. This manner of implementing the rehabilitation programs tends toward greater impersonality in relationships between holders of various positions and between staff and inmates. As one of the general social consequences of bureaucratic control, Max Weber noted:


Remote sensing image classification technology is applied to land use classification, which can quickly obtain land use information. Based on Landsat8 OLI image data of Jinan City in May 2017 and May 2018 and the latest vector map of Jinan in 2018, the paper analyzes the situation of land use change in Jinan City, draws the quantitative results of the change, and draws some conclusions. It provides certain decision support for scientific use, rational and sustainable development of land use in Jinan.


Compressional wave velocity and electrical resistivity of muddy sediments in the southeastern inner shelf of Korea were studied using nine piston core samples. The acoustic and physical properties were measured with 10 cm depth interval. Sediment structures were examined by x-radiographs of the cored sediments. Subbottom profiles were obtained by a high-resolution acoustic subbottom profiler. Acoustic turbid layers are clearly seen on the profiles, and x-radiographs of the sediments showed degassying structures formed by gas escaping. On the basis of x-radiographic images, velocities, electrical resistivities and physical properties, the sediments are divided into gassy and non-gassy sediments. The presence of gas and degassying structures result in a marked variation in velocity and electrical resistivity. It can be concluded that velocity and electrical resistivity arep arameter to recognize gassy sediment. The velocity is important parameter to indicate gassy sediment.


The paper deals with direct measurement of residual stresses by means of multiple image-shearing interferometry in combination with stress release at drilling hole. In order to facilitate collection of information and to obtain three sets of clear fringe patterns simultaneously, experimental studies were made to testify the stress condition of thin rectangular plate clamped at four edges, subject to concentrated central loading, by means of a kind of unequal right-angled wedge, to probe into the reliability of the method. The experimental results agree closely with theoretical values. Preliminary findings of measurements of simulated residual stresses in specimens subject to uniaxial tension with multiple image-shearing cameras as well as surface displacement field formed as a result of release of residual stresses in weldment by means of sandwich holography prove that the aforesaid methods may find application in direct in-situ measurement of residual stresses for engineering project using modern optical method.


While stars are relatively well understood, the timescales on which they form are still debated. The young cluster NGC 2264 is an ideal region in which to test hypotheses about the timescale of star and cluster formation. Co-eval stars at any given effective temperature are expected to have similar luminosities and radii, but previous research on clusters, including NGC 2264, has found that this may not be the case. In this thesis, fibre spectroscopy from the FLAMES spectrograph is used to find radial and projected equatorial velocities for many low-mass pre-main sequence stars in NGC 2264. Projected radii are estimated by combining these data with published rotation periods. The projected radius distribution is compared with models incorporating radius and age dispersions. These methods circumvent many uncertainties that arise when using luminosities to infer ages from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Comparisons of models and data favour a spread of radii that is inconsistent with a coeval population but consistent with the spread of ages seen in the HRD. Modeldependent, but distance-independent, ages of 1 2.6 Myrs are found, and agreement with ages determined from the HRD is found for a cluster distance of 770± 46 pc. The cluster velocity dispersion is well resolved, and a connection between spatial and kinematic substructure is established. The substructure is unlikely to be responsible for the observed age dispersion. A catalogue of 547 spectroscopic observations of stars in NGC 2264 is presented, with measurements of radial and projected equatorial velocities.


Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the level of nursing professionalism and the factors affecting it, In addition, it can serve as a fundamental resource for development of appropriate strategies for nursing professionalism. Method: This study was performed on 370 nurses working at two...


This research was commissioned through a joint proposal issued by CHOBE and the RICS to provide an overview report on surveying education across the globe. CHOBE note that since their initial 'State of the Nation' analysis of Built Environment in 2008, and subsequent iterations in 2010 and 2015, the national and international landscapes around higher education and built environment provision have changed significantly. In particular, the global reach of the RICS has expanded, and developments around in-country provision and trans-national education (TNE) have gained scale and maturity. It was considered timely to produce a globally-relevant review of the state of surveying education, extending to wider built environment domains that reflect the current position. Working in collaboration with international partners from institutions in Sri Lanka, Canada, Australia and Nigeria, the purpose of this project is to build on previous research regarding education and pedagogy within the field of surveying. The research aims to define the overarching themes that have emerged, both globally and regionally, with regard to the scope and context of teaching surveying within higher education institutions. As the global education market diversifies with an apparent move towards embracing work-based and postgraduate options as a central stream for entrants to the industry, the project aims to explore, analyse and represent the current state and likely future directions for surveying education in selected global regions. This report provides a current snapshot of global surveying education, which can be used to direct future work towards focussed areas of study, engagement and application.


Studies on the expression of proto-oncogenes and muscle specific genes in hypertrophied human hearts have shown that proto-oncogenes such as c-myc, c-fos and c-ras are activated in both atrial and ventricular tissues of patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Although the expression of muscle specific genes such as MLC2 and skeletal alpha-actin are induced the expression of tissue specific cardiac actin remained the same in both the control and diseased tissues. Further, an increased synthesis of messengers of heat shock protein gene-HSP70 was observed in the ventricular tissues of TOF patients, with out much of a change in atrial tissues of patients with ASD.