Containing acrylic acid aqueous dispersion as component A, 3-30 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the dispersion, at least two (meth) (meth) acrylate copolymers, which differ at least in the alcohol component of the (meth) acrylate, and as component B 5-35 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the dispersion, at least one polyurethane which contains at least one group capable of donating a proton in water for salt formation component, wherein the components a and B present as a salt.


Taking the design of TV power buttons as an example,the formation of air trap defects was analyzed with the help of Moldflow software in simulating the region of air traps generated in the flow process.The runner system of the injection mould was improved so as to eliminate the air trap defects in the surface of the button.As a result,the molding was improved and the mass production of the injection was enhanced.


This paper descriptionbes the discovery and recovery of gold, over a period dating back to the 1870s, on the farms Lisbon and Berlyn, situated approximately 11 km north-east of Pilgrims Rest, where mining ceased in July 1971, 99 years after gold was first discovered in the Pilgrims Rest and Sabie districts. Included in the paper are accounts of the discovery and mining operations of the Lisbon-Berlyn Company from 1884 to 1890. The operations of small companies and syndicates, the superficial winning of gold by diggers, and the encouraging reports of four mining engineers in 1890 are also mentioned.


As smart homes are being more and more popular, the needs of finding assisting systems which interface

between users and home environments are growing. Furthermore, for people living in such homes, elderly

and disabled people in particular and others in general, it is totally important to develop devices, which can

support and aid them in their ordinary daily life. We focused in this work on sustaining privacy issues of

the user during a real interaction with the surrounding home environment. A smart person-specific assistant

system for services in home environment is proposed. The role of this system is the assisting of persons by

controlling home activities and guiding the adaption of Smart-Home-Human interface towards the needs of

the considered person. At the same time the system sustains privacy issues of it�s interaction partner. As a

special case of medical assisting the system is so implemented, that it provides for elderly or disabled people

person-specific medical assistance. The system has the ability of identifying its interaction partner using some

biometric features. According to the recognized ID the system, first, adopts towards the needs of recognized

person. Second the system represents person-specific list of medicines either visually or auditive. And third

the system gives an alarm in the case of taking medicament either later or earlier as normal taking time.


The GPS (Global Position System) timing is vulnerable to the external environment which makes the synchronous timing become unlocked easily. Based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), this paper aims to design a high precision synchronous timing by GPS disciplined oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO). The application of building a delay line inside FPGA to measure the time interval with resolution as 71ps and 10ps, ensuring the high accuracy of timing. The average filter is employed to suppress the random noise brought by PPS (Pulses per Second) which is used as a standard signal to correct the frequency of the OCXO, which is demonstrated to be very effective. The synchronous timing is realized simultaneously with the discipline of OCXO, which guarantees the high initial precision between LPS (Local Pulses per Second) and PPS whenever the GPS becomes unlocked. After frequency correction is completed, the timing error reaches 410 ns, 1.6 us, 2.0 us and 33.0 us after the GPS receiver is unlocked by 150 min, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h respectively, which is more accurate than a commercial product V5-2000. Long-term measurement of timing error demonstrates that the method proposed by us can combine the advantages of GPS timing and OCXO timing, thus to solve the problem existed in the GPS timing. It not only meets the precision requirements of synchronous timing in all the distributed acquisition systems for electrical prospecting, but also can be applied in other industrial fields need high precision timing. The design is realized in one FPGA chip, which greatly reduces the quantities of peripheral elements and simplifies the complexity of the peripheral circuit, thus reduces the cost and power. Key-Words: GPS timing, OCXO, frequency calibration, synchronization, FPGA, electrical prospecting


The palmar flexion creases of the inhabitants from three greek villages — Echinos, Dimarion, Aimonion — near the Greek-Bulgarian border have been studied, using the classification-method introduced by Weninger and Navratil (1957).  The results are partly compared with those obtained from other Mediterranean and South-european populations.


Corrosion behaviour of pure Ni and three NiCr alloys were studied in 5%O2-0. 3%HC1-N2 (volume fraction) at 800℃. The results show that all of materials undergo accelerating corrosion and metal chlorides form at the interface of oxide scale/metal substrate. NiCr alloys suffered mass loss in initial stage of corrosion, which may be caused by sublimation of chromium of chlorides and oxychlo-rides. However, addition of Cr in NiCr alloys can improve their corrosion resistance in the mixed atmosphere.


Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) contin ues to be a medical problem of enormous signifi cance despite recent improvements in diagnostic tests, newer broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, and better overall supportive care. CAP, defined as the development of pneumonia either outside the hospital or within the first 48 hours after admission, is not a reportable disease. Information regarding its incidence, the most common etiologies, and associ ated morbidity and mortality remain incomplete. However, the annual United States incidence of CAP is estimated to be between 3 to 4 million cases per year, with nearly 1 million cases requiring hospital ization. CAP accounts for 3% of all hospitalizations and results in 10.2 million bed-days (in the hospital and at home) per year. Annually, ≈ 78,000 patients are reported to die as a result of pneumonia and influenza, making it the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the most deadly infectious disease. CAP-associated morbidity and mortality appear to be influenced by both patient-related and pathogen-related factors. Advanced age and the pres ence of coexisting illness are common among CAP patients requiring hospitalization, and advanced age is most clearly associated with pneumonia mortality. Of the 76,000 reported pneumonia/influenza deaths in the United States during calendar year 1992, 89% of all deaths occurred among patients over 64 years of age. Pneumonia mortality is greatest in one of the fastest growing populations, individuals 85 years of age or older, and the age adjusted mortality rate of this group alone has increased by 50% in the past 13 years. Coexisting illness is identified in at least 50% of hospitalized CAP patients in most reports and is reported in excess of 90% in some studies, with chronic diseases of the lung and heart being most frequent. The presence of certain coexisting illness is related to delays in clinical improvement and is associated with poor outcome. The virulence of the infecting agent also influences the severity of illness. Since outcome can be influenced by the rapid initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, the most frequently asked questions are: Does this patient have CAP? What is the most likely etiology of CAP? Once a diagnosis is made, when and where should a patient with CAP be treated? We shall attempt to answer these questions by providing a review of the most commonly used methods of diagnosis as well as the prognostic indicators that affect the way patients with CAP are treated.


To illustrate the pure condition of the temple of Jerusalem, the city of Jerusalem, and the land of Israel, ancient Jewish midrashim tended to exaggerate with the intent of showing the antithetical relationship between sacred and profane space. For instance, Sifre on Deuteronomy Pisqa 37 states that "the refuse of the land of Israel, is superior to the best place in Egypt." 1 Other accounts produced by the same author(s) relate that four kingdoms of the world argued for possession of the least significant mountains of Israel because even the most inferior areas of the land of Israel were superior to the remaining parts of the world. 2 Why is the land of Israel superior to neighboring Egypt, and why are the least significant areas of Israel superior to the remaining parts of the world? The answer to this question lies in the fact that the temple of the Lord existed in the land of Israel, causing all parts of Israel to possess a degree of holiness. The fact that a temple existed in the land of Israel forced the Jewish rabbinic authorities to develop an interesting and unique theology concerning sacred space. According to several rabbinic documents, the land of Israel was divided


Overall, Punjab's performance is better than that of the country as a whole. For one, Punjab's population growth rate, a vital determinant of quality of life and well being, has remained lower than Pakistan's population growth rate, while the economic growth rate has remained higher. In this article we will analyze social sector expenditures in terms of education and health and their outcomes on poverty levels and economic indicators for the Punjab. In the main, the poor social sector indicators it was found are due to inadequate spending on the social sectors and inefficiencies in implementation.


A method for managing connection box for a fiber optic cable is provided to identify the connection box and check a state of the connection box without attaching a tag to the connection box, going into a manhole, or opening the connection box installed to an upper part of an electric pole, and check connection and state information of the connection box without manually checking a register. A portable terminal guides a user to the connection box by comparing terminal location information obtained from a GPS(Global Positioning System) satellite with location information of the connection box, and displaying a distance/direction to the target connection box(S100). ID information of the connection box including an RFID tag is collected around the connection box by using the portable terminal equipped with an RFID reader(S200). The collected ID information is transmitted to a server and the server searches management information of the connection box corresponding to the transmitted ID information(S300). The connection box is managed based on the searched management information of the connection box(S400). When update information about repair or replacement is generated from the connection box, the management information is updated and transmitted to the server by using the portable terminal(S500).


Background: Physiotherapy is a branch of medicine where development of a good rapport between patient and therapist coupled with presence of a caring attitude and emotional understanding of patients would facilitate faster recovery. This study assessed the effect of Emotional Intelligence (EI) training in physiotherapy interns to help them understand their patients better and enhance their self awareness while patient's perceived change in care was examined. Methods: 8 physiotherapy interns completed an EI scale at the start and end of the study. A scale assessing change in Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) was administered to patients prior to and after the EI training. A retrospective pre and post questionnaire was helped assess change in personal attitude and awareness for the interns. All interns were trained using 6 modules on EI via lectures, case vignettes and discussions. Results: Statistically significant differences in scores were noted on the EI scale, retrospective pre and post questionnaire and the CARE questionnaire (p< 0.05). A correlation done between the retro-post questionnaire and post training CARE scale scores revealed a positive correlation between patient perception of better care and enhanced self awareness in interns (r = 0.88847, p = 0.00318). Conclusion: EI training helped improving patient care and self awareness in physiotherapy interns leading to better care being perceived by patients. This study demonstrates the educational value of EI training emphasizing the need for the regular inclusion of EI training in physiotherapy training curriculums. Further studies to validate these findings are warranted.


The magnetic field effect on the intramolecular hydrogen abstraction of n-tetradecyl anthraquinone-2-carboxylate was studied in aerated 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, using steady-state photolysis, two-step laser excitation fluorescence, and laser flash photolysis.


In 2001 to 2003 numbers of breeding birds were recorded on sample plots of the Federal Institute of Organic Farming in Trenthorst (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany), an adjacent conventional farm and on a field with long time organic farming. A complete breeding bird survey during the transition phase from conventional to organic farming in 2001 revealed a rich avifauna of hedgerows and woodland and a relatively poor avifauna of open fields. The number of Skylark territories on the plot of the Institute increased considerably after the conversion from conventional to organic farming whereas the numbers of territories on the control plot with conventional farming remained stable. The highest density of Skylark territories was found on the plot which had been part of an organic farm since many years. The numbers of Yellowhammer territories fluctuated largely in parallel to the availability of field margin strips both on the conventional and the organic plots. During the breeding season both aerial hunters (swallows and swifts) and raptors significantly preferred organic fields over conventional fields. Outside the breeding season, densities of raptors (in autumn and in winter), seed-eating birds (in autumn) and insect-eating birds (in autumn) were significantly higher on organic than on conventional plots. Organic fields more often held stubbles and/or green vegetation in the non-breeding season. On organic farms, carnivorous birds had significantly higher densities both on fields with stubbles and green vegetation. Granivorous birds had significantly higher densities on stubble fields and insectivorous birds had higher densities on fields covered by green vegetation. There was a significant positive correlation between density of seed mass and density of granivorous birds.


An algorithm is given for obtaining the input-output relationship between any two nodes of a composite signal flow graph representing a sampled data system.


Philippine crocodiles Crocodylus mindorensis are critically endangered due to agricultural and fishing threats that have severely fragmented their habitat and population in the Philippines. Captive management plans are important to safeguard against their extinction, but the current population in US zoos is small, and breeding is hampered by the slow growth of this species and the danger of introducing differently sized animals for breeding. There is little information regarding the sperm characteristics of crocodilians, and none for Philippine crocodiles. In this study, we sought to characterise sperm production in the male Philippine crocodile (n=1) by performing voluntary (without sedation or restraint) collections (n=181) over a 3.5-year period. Peak sperm production in this individual occurs from January to July, when the mean (±s.e.m.) total number of spermatozoa recovered was 10.2×106±3.8×106 (n=104), compared with 0.3×106±0.2×106 (n=71) for all other months of the year. Analysis of sperm morphology indicated that 15.9% of spermatozoa exhibited normal morphology. A bent tail was the most common abnormality (48.2%) observed. Understanding the basic reproductive biology of the male Philippine crocodile will facilitate the development of artificial reproductive technologies to improve captive propagation and genetic management of this species.


The recent development of Mixed Reality (MR) devices and apps hint at an exciting future. To be true to the inherent innovative spirit of the design profession, it is important to expose students to MR in the classroom in an exploratory setting.


This paper discusses design and implementation issues associated with the development of database management systems (DBMS) for urban facilties. Many of the experiences described here are related to our building a retaining wall database management system for the City of Pittsburgh. The objective of that project was to provide the City with a DBMS that would assist them in the planning, design and budgeting of retaining wall inspection, maintenance, rehabilitation, replacement and construction activities performed by both the Planning Department and the Engineering and Construction Department of Pittsburgh. To meet this objective, the database system would be required to store geographical, historical, structural, and material information on each wall for which the City is responsible. In addition, data describing surrounding structures, roadways, utilities, and right-of-ways would also need to be maintained within the system. Finally, cost estimation spreadsheets for different types of walls would be integrated into the system for budgeting purposes. A system of three relational databases was developed and linked together so that this information could be stored, updated and extended.


Canine dirofilariasis was found after investigating and dissection of the dogs around the area.The symptom and the method of diagnosis was mastered,then effective treatment and prevention steps was adopted.


Ti-based materials have been intensively investigated and considered as good potential negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high safety, superior rate capability and excellent cyclic stability. This feature article summarizes the recent progress of a new class of layered titanate (H2TinO2n+1·H2O) nanostructures and their derivatives, including TiO2 polymorphs, novel titanate nanostructures of Zn2Ti3O8, Li2MTi3O8 (M = Co, Zn, Mg) and Li4Ti5O12, as high performance negative electrode materials for LIBs. The effects of the composition, crystal structure and morphology on lithium-ion intercalation properties are highlighted and analyzed.


The pianoforte is one of the most popular musical instruments that has attracted by any individuals at any age in any part of the world. Much of the music that had been composed for various keyboard instruments in different periods of history is often performed in the present-day acoustic piano. As a result, many music students who enroll in piano study are regularly at risk of acquiring poor technical approaches at the keyboard, which often leads to physical tension, continuous pain, injuries and a slower rate of progress. Therefore, this pilot study explored relaxed technical concepts which may help pianists to be more efficient technically in their performances. The purpose of this research study was to examine how the application of an appropriate technical concept to a technically challenging extract of a piece of music affects the perceived physical tension of piano students. It also sought to determine whether the implementation of physically relaxed approaches aids in diminishing physical tension and increasing the performance level of piano students. 26 undergraduates studying piano at the University of Visual and Performing Arts, Colombo, Sri Lanka participated in this research study. The technical approach termed 'the underwave and overwave motion', a relaxed technical approach of Ortmann and Taubman was applied to minimize physical tension. Participants of this research study were required to perform and record their playing for two days and the music tracks were adjudicated by five judges. The collected data were statistically analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the relationship between the use of piano technique, performance, and perceived tension. The perceived tension difference was computed based on the collected data as 'performance difference = day one performance minus day two performance; and perceived tension difference = day two perceived tension minus day one perceived tension'. Based on the results, the application of appropriate technical approaches to technically challenging extracts of music minimized the perceived physical tension and also improved the tone quality of the performance.


To advance the course of law-governing administration,construct a law-governing government,we must understand the goal and function of administrative enforcement of law correctly,deal with the relation between the administration and the administrative relative person appropriately,abolish drawbacks of decentralization,campaign and compulsory of the method of administrative enforcement,and transform the method of administrative enforcement of law from decentralization to integration,from campaign to the normalization,from compulsion to democratization.The basic safeguard is to renew the idea of administrative enforcement of law,to reform the system of administrative enforcement of law and to promote the quality of law enforcement officer and administrative private person.


As smart grid enablers, demand response programs for household purposes have been in highlight recently. This paper presents a detailed structure of a household user, which is capable of energy transactions among consumer and load-serving entity. The proposed household model comprises several assets including nonshiftable appliances, shiftable appliances, and electric vehicle (EV). The EV can further contribute to the vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid type of connections that can reduce the household electricity payments with their bilateral energy transactions. The day-ahead dynamic prices are superimposed with peak power limiting approach to prevent the formation of new peaks. The energy transaction among neighbor enhances the reduction in daily energy payments and flexibility among users. The centralized optimization problem is formulated as mixed integer linear programming problem. The validity of the proposed system can be proven by performance evaluation of simulation results.


Human trophoblast cultures provide powerful tools to model key processes of placental development. In vitro trophoblast studies to date have relied on commercial media which contains non-physiological levels of nutrients, and the impact of these conditions on trophoblast metabolism and function is unknown. Here we show that the physiological medium (Plasmaxä) with nutrient and metabolite concentrations recapitulating human plasma improves human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC) proliferation and differentiation compared to standard medium (DMEM-F12). hTSCs cultured in Plasmax-based medium also show altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as reduced S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosyl-homosysteine ratio compared to DMEM-F12-based medium. These findings demonstrate the importance of the nutritional environment for phenotyping cultured human trophoblasts.


Objective To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation.Methods Forty patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 45-64,with body mass index lower than 30 kg/m2,were randomly divided into two groups(n=20): dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C). Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg were infused 10 min after tracheal intubation,followed by continous infusion of dexmedetomidine at rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1.Normal saline with equal volume were administrated in group C. Venous blood samples were obtained at three time points:the beginning of OLV,60 min after OLV and the end of operation. MDA,SOD,TNF-α and IL-6 were detected. Results Compared to T0,the activity of SOD were decreased, the plasma concentration of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in both groups at T2 (P0.05); Compared to group C, the activity of SOD were increased in group D,the plasma concentration of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased at T2(P0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could inhibit inflammatory response and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation in patients udergoing elective resection of esophageal carcinoma,it has positive effect on the lung protection in clinical process.


The aim of the study was to determine the composition and concentration of nanomodifications of water-emulsion acrylate-based paints; study of the characteristics of coatings obtained from nanomodified water-emulsion paints. The urgency of the problem is the need for the development of water-emulsion paints to get energy-saving coatings. The results of research of emissivity in the Infrared spectrum of developed nanomodified paints. Assumed mechanism of effects of digidrokvarcetins and other additives on structure and emissivity in the Infrared spectrum of paint. Nanomodification reduces energy loss to the environment. Coatings possess high physical-mechanical and performance, provide industrial situation and are "clean" in environmental terms.


MetS (MetS) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MetS increases not only in the urban area but also in the rural area. Women have a greater risk of MetS than men in some studies. This study was purposed to describe MetS prevalence and pattern of rural area women in the Integrated Development Post of Non-communicable Disease (Posbindu PTM) in Cilongok Rural Area. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Cilongok, Banyumas rural area of Central Java among 63 rural women. Data were collected by interviews; measurement of fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol; measurement of blood pressure and abdominal circumference. Food consumption data were collected by multiply 24-hours food recalls. MetS were categorized by NCEP ATP III 2001 criteria. The prevalence of MetS in rural area women was 31.75%. Age was associated with MetS (p-value 0.038 ;95% CI : 0.983-23.63). Women with MetS have significant differences with women without MetS in the value of fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol, blood pressure, and abdominal circumference (p-value <0.05). About 95% of MetS women have a high waist circumference and 80% have a low high-density lipoprotein. MetS women consumed higher energy than women without MetS (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of MetS in Cilongok rural area women was high. High in fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol, blood pressure, and abdominal circumference were found to be a predictor of MetS. High energy consumption becomes a risk factor for MetS.


HE broad problem of all Othello-criticism is to reconcile a naturalistic, psychological reading with a symbolic interpretation. This is no doubt true of all the major Shakespearian dramas, but it is particularly true of Othello. We have, or appear to have, a fairly clear-cut pattern of good and evil that can be closely identified with the three main personages: that is, of evil, personified in Iago, struggling in the soul of Othello for possession of the good, Desdemona. This pattern, allied to the play's images of heaven and hell, has of recent years stimulated a tendency to read Othello as a symbolic drama of good overthrown by evil. Thus, we have G. Wilson Knight's interpretation of Othello in terms of Christian symbolism', while Irving Ribner has stressed the stock Renaissance figures (the gull, Vice, and so on) out of which the symbolic drama grew.2 Bernard Spivack, again, in his researches into the ancestral past of Iago, has emphasized the allegorical aspect of the play.3 This tendency has gone far to modify the older attempts at reading Othello in terms of the naturalistic drama. The difficulty is that the symbolic approach may oversimplify the issues of the play. Carried over into actual production, the identification of Iago with Evil, Desdemona with Good, and Othello with Good Overthrown can rob Othello of its vitality and plausibility. The difficulties of performance have been confirmed by Wilson Knight, from his experience as a producer: "The symbolic effects are all in the poetry.... But the moment any of this is allowed to interfere with the expressly domestic and human qualities of the drama, you get disaster."4 The allegory is certainly there. I do not dispute the Christian symbolism of the play: of temptation, by evil and jealousy, and regeneration through love. But the crux is the identification of the symbolic issues with the main actors. I think that Othello is indeed about good and evil, but not in the simple sense that tends to equate Othello with good and Iago, especially, with evil. The concepts of good and evil are explored by Shakespeare in and through human terms. In other words, I believe that we must analyze the play primarily in psychological terms, from which we may then abstract Shakespeare's concepts of good and evil. I think it more helpful to assume that conceptualization follows rather than precedes his observation of the empirical data of human behavior. I propose in this paper to re-open the question of the psychological drama of Othello, and through it arrive at a re-assessment of the play's theme and meaning. It is not, however, necessary to follow the usual method of concentration


We measured the internal diameters of small muscular pulmonary arteries in the right and left lower lobes of lungs rapidly frozen in the anesthetized, open-thorax cat. In every cat the right lower lobe was ventilated with the test gas and all other lobes were ventilated with O2. In 4 cats, the test gas supplied to the right lower lobe was also O2 (control experiments); in 6, it was 100% N2 and in 6 it was 90% N2–10% CO2. In the 4 controls, there was no difference between the internal diameters of corresponding arteries in the right and left lower lobes. In the other 12 cats, there was a highly significant decrease in the diameter of arteries in the right lower lobe that correlated well with a large decrease in blood flow to that lobe, calculated using a shunt equation. Ventilation of the right lower lobe with 10% CO2 in air (4 cats) did not affect the diameter of arteries and ligation of the pulmonary artery to the right lower lobe resulted in only a slight decrease in arterial dimensions in 3 of 4 cats. These data show that in regional alveolar hypoxia without systemic hypoxia the muscular pulmonary arteries of the terminal respiratory units in the hypoxic region actively constrict. The constriction occurs with or without alveolar hypercapnia.


This session will begin with a brief review of relevant clinical anatomy (including microscopic anatomy) of the lumbar zygapophyseal (Z, facet) joints. The results of a series of mechanisms‐based, proof of concept, animal and human studies will then be summarized. The studies were designed to investigate a fundamental hypothesis of a beneficial effect of spinal manipulation (SM). Briefly, the hypothesis states that the Z joints, which are known pain generators, become hypomobile for a variety of reasons and that connective tissue adhesions develop in these hypomobile Z joints. SM is hypothesized to gap the Z joint facet surfaces, which re‐establishes normal joint movement by, in part, breaking up or preventing the formation of the joint adhesions. Our previous work identified time dependent Z joint adhesions and degenerative changes following induced spinal hypomobility in a rat model. Important to subsequent studies, such Z joint changes are thought to be accompanied by crepitus (joint sounds). In concurrent research, we assessed healthy human subjects (n=64) and subjects with acute and subacute LBP (n=112). We found that the lumbar Z joints gapped during both side‐posture positioning and during SM, and the joints gapped significantly more during SM (following two weeks of treatment for LBP subjects). We then used accelerometers to assess the vibrations associated with Z joint gapping induced cavitation during SM and side‐posture positioning. We identified the specific lumbar Z joints or sacroiliac joints from which cavitations originated during lumbar SM (n=30) and non‐SM controls (n=10) and found a positive correlation between cavitation and Z joint gapping. More recently we assessed healthy (n=5) and low back pain (LBP, n=5) subjects from 3 different age groups (18–25, 26–45, and 46–65 years) to evaluate Z joint crepitus during full ranges of motion before and after SM. This was done to determine the feasibility of using crepitus as a potential biomarker for Z joint hypomobility. In this pilot study, crepitus prevalence increased with age, was higher in LBP than healthy subjects, and overall decreased following SM. We concluded that crepitus assessment using accelerometers has the potential of being an outcome measure for assessing Z joint function during movement and the effects of LBP treatments (e.g., SM) on Z joint function. The session will conclude with a brief discussion of future research planned to further assess non‐invasive, acoustic measures of Z joint function. When combined with imaging (e.g., US) and measures of pain and function, such acoustic measures could help evaluate the relationships among Z joint degeneration and various treatment methods.


The aim of this study is to explain an investigation over the potential relationships between integrator and growerinvolvement towards business performance in broiler production. The potential role of employees' skill levels asmoderating variable between the aforementioned independent and the dependant variables are discussed. Broilersupply chain practices and its corresponding performance indicators in the form of broiler farming operations areamong the important measures in the dependant variable (business performance). Based on the extensive survey ofrelevant literatures, a research framework is then proposed. The content validity has been done by getting opinionfrom the experts, namely veterinary officers. Besides that the construct reliability is determined through value fromCronbach's Alpha. The data obtained was satisfactory for content validity and construct validity also fit the model asproposed previously.


By comparing the second match of CBA League 09-10 playoff,which competed between the Guangdong team and the Shanghai team,found that the key factor of Shanghai team to win the match tied the rapid mobility offensive tactics,aggressive defense and long-range offensive tactics to the players' actual situation tightly.Rational use of the long shot technology and the closer range shot technology made more chances of aggressive and had more scores,got rebounds more often and delivered more assists.But under tight defensive they made so many times of personal fouls and free throws as well as the individual failures and the failures of cooperating with each other.It showed that the players' technologies needed to be improved.The conversion rhythm between the aggressive and defense was fast,the game was smooth and able to attract more audiences.Further analysis of the data revealed whether the offensive and defensive tactics and the higher requirements of personal were reasonable,which adopted by the Shanghai foreign teacher,pointed out CBA game development techniques and tactics.


Experimental data from low energy nuclear reactions (LERN) in condensed media are presented. The nuclear reactions products were found in solid cathode media used in glow discharge. Apparently, the nuclear reactions were initiated when bombarding the cathode surface by plasma ions with the energy of 1.0-2.0 keV. Excess heat from a high current glow discharge reaction in D2, Xe and Kr using cathodes already charged with preliminary deuterium-charged Pd and Ti cathode samples are given. Excess heat up to 10 15 W and efficiency up to 130% was recorded under the experiments for Pd cathode samples in D2 discharge. Excess heat up to 5 W and efficiency up to 150% was recorded for Pd cathodes that were charged with deuterium before the run, in Xe and Kr discharges. At the same time excess heat was not observed for pure Pd cathode samples in Xe and Kr discharges. The formation of impurity nuclides (Li, C, N, Ne, Si, Ca, Ca, Fe, Fe, Co, Zn, Zn, As, Ag, Ag, Cg, Cg, Cg, Cg, In) with the efficiency up to 10 atoms/s was recorded. The isotopic ratios of these new nuclides was quite different from the natural ratios. Soft X-ray radiation from the solid-state cathode with the intensity up to 0.01Gy/s was recorded in experiments with discharges in H2, D2, Ar, Xe and Kr. The X-ray radiation was observed in bursts of up to 10 photons, with up to 10 bursts per second while the discharge was formed and within 100 ms after turning off the discharge current. The results of the X-ray radiation registration showed that the exited energy levels have a lifetime up to 100 ms or more, and the energy of 1.2 2.5 keV. A possible mechanism for producing excess heat and nuclear transmutation reactions in the solid medium with the exited energy levels is considered.


The U.S. Government has supported the price of honey since 1950 by provid-ing market price stability to honey producers to encourage them to maintain honeybee populations sufficient to pollinate important agricultural crops. When honey support prices moved above the average domestic price in the early 1980's, domestic producers found it profitable to forfeit their honey to the Government while packers and industrial users imported lower priced honey for domestic use. Changes made in the program by the Food Security Act of 1985 reduced forfeitures of honey to the Government and made domestic honey competitive with imports. Consequently, imports declined from 138.2 million pounds in 1985 to 55.9 million in 1988. At the same time, Government takeover of forfeited honey declined from 98 million pounds in 1985 to 1.1-3.2 million pounds from 1989 through 1992. Expenditures and takeovers will decline even further in fiscal years 1994 and 1995 with amendments to the Appropriations Acts, which eliminated deficiency payments and loan forfeitures for 1994 and 1995 crop honey. (AIB-465) (AGES L. and is one of a series of updated and new Economic Research Service background papers for farm legislation discussions. These reports summarize the experi-ences with various farm programs and the key characteristics of the commodities and the industries that produce them. For more Additional


More than 60 years ago,1949 was the great turning year for the new China from the old.Drama literature master Cao Yu gave his heartfelt support to this great era of change.Responding to the call of holding the new Political Consultative Conference,he went to Peking shortly after its liberation through overcoming difficulties and hardships in his journey.He sincerely dedicated his own wisdom and hard work to the building of the new world,and also showed his confusion and anxiety for his not having reached the realm of artistic development path.


A detailed study of the electric deflection of molecular beams of (C6H6)2, (C6F6)2, and C6H6–C6F6 is reported. Although no resolved microwave or radio frequency transitions were observable, examination of unresolved beam transitions at radio frequencies were useful in establishing that the homomolecular dimers (C6H6)2 and (C6F6)2 are asymmetric rotors while the heteromolecular dimer C6H6–C6F6 is a symmetric top. From analysis of the quantitative electric deflection the dipole moment of C6H6–C6F6 is 0.44±0.04 D.


The rapid development of e-commerce has prompted the emergence of massive product reviews. Quickly grasping the emotional tendencies in e-commerce product reviews has become an effective way for businesses to improve their problems. Therefore, based on Bert and GUP, the research proposes Bert BiGRU deep learning algorithm, and verifies its effectiveness in the emotional analysis of e-commerce product reviews. The experimental results show that Bert BiGRU algorithm has the highest accuracy of 95.51% among the seven algorithms. In addition, Bert BiGRU algorithm has achieved good training effect after only eight times of training. In addition, Bert BiGRU algorithm has been used in practice to analyze the emotional tendencies in four mobile phone reviews, which shows high reliability. In a word, Bert BiGRU algorithm has high performance and low cost. It has high practicability in the emotional analysis of e-commerce product reviews.


An astute observer of the Soviet Union, Bill Daniels collects here his observations of political change in the USSR over a quarter century. Complete with a new introduction and conclusion and explanatory notes, these essays offer a moment-by-moment picture of the decline and fall of the Communist state. Capturing the weaknesses of past and present regimes, while illustrating the difficulties of anticipating the course of events in Russia, Daniels's commentaries will have a central place in the ongoing debate about the failure of Western scholarship to predict the Soviet collapse and its aftermath.


Abstract : In the area of teratology, little has been studied concerning the interaction of chemicals, especially these two pesticides. This report will discuss in sufficient detail those aspects of teratogenicity and the mechanism which should allow for a better understanding of the toxic actions of these pesticides.


Extraordinary optical transmission provides a workbench for squeezed light transduction by localized-surface-plasmons. Initial squeezing of 3.5 dB resulted in 1.2-1.4 dB of squeezing after passing through a nanohole-array despite 80% attenuation.


Prolonged, refractory status epilepticus in a 22-month old girl treated with interferon for giant cell hepatitis is reported from the Depts of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX.


Giovanni Verrazzano was, officially, the first European to discover the Maine coast. From that date in 1524 on, explorers including Andre Thevet and Sir Humphrey Gilbert reached her shores, and Maine gradually become populated by pioneers who utilized the abundant fish and lumber. Privateers, coal schooners and coastal steamers were built during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Maine yards and, at the same time, fishermen built sloops and lobster boats in every quiet cove. Roger Duncan's rich and anecdotal history traces Maine's 400-year maritime history, detailing the state's role in the development of the United States and emphasizing Maine's role in the fishing industry. Other themes explored are the demise of the coastal trade when faster transportation was offered by railroads and automobiles and the sudden popularity of yachting after World War II.


A picture of some aspects of Hiroomi Umezawa's research activity is sketched. The influences of Rudolf Haag and Werner Heisenberg on Umezawa's research and intellectual adventure is commented upon by discussing a publication by Susumu Kamefuchi and the author's direct experience as one of Umezawa's Ph.D. students and collaborators.


In this paper, an experimental investigation is reported for air/water two-phase flow in horizontal helicoidal pipes. The helicoidal pipes are constructed of Tygon tubing with varying inside diameters of 12.7 mm, 19.1 mm, 25.4 mm, and 38.1 mm wrapped around two different cylindrical concrete forms with outside diameters of 304.8 mm and 609.6 mm each. Also, the helix angle of each helicoidal pipe varies up to 20 degrees. The experiments are conducted for superficial water velocity in the range of U{sub L} = 0.008 {minus} 2.2 m/s and superficial air velocity in the range of U{sub G} = 0.2 {minus} 50 m/s. The pressure drop of the two-phase flow is measured and the data are correlated. It was found that the Lockhart-Martinelli correlation for a straight pipe can represent the data for a helicoidal pipe only in the cases of a high rate of flow; nevertheless, the pressure drop relates strongly to the superficial air/water velocity when the flow rate is lower. The helix angle has almost no effect on the pressure drop, although the pipe and coil diameters have certain effects in low rates of flow. Correlations for two-phase flow in each of the horizontal helicoidal pipes have beenmore » established based on the present data. Helicoidal pipes are used extensively in compact heat exchangers, boilers, refrigerators, nuclear reactors, chemical plants, as well as the food, drug, and cryogenics industries.« less


The structural gene for the lactococcal lantibiotic lacticin 481 (kt) has been identified and cloned using a degenerated 20-mer DNA oligonucleotide based on the amino-terminal 7 amino acid residues of the puri- fied protein. The transcription of the Ict gene was analyzed, and its promoter was mapped. DNA sequence analysis of the Ict gene revealed an open reading frame encoding a peptide of 51 amino acids. Comparison of its deduced amino acid sequence with the amino-ter- mind sequence and the amino acid composition of lacticin 481 indicates that the 61-residue peptide is pre- lacticin 481, containing a 27-residue carboxyl-termi-nal propeptide and a 24-residue amino-terminal leader peptide which lacks the properties of a typical signal sequence and which is significantly different from the leaders of other lantibiotics. The predicted amino acid sequence of prolacticin 481 contains 3 cysteines, 2 serines, and 2 threonines which were not detectable in amino acid analyses of mature lacticin 481. Based on these results and on characterization by two-dimen-sional NMR techniques, a structural model is proposed in which 2 cysteine residues are involved in lanthion- ine and one in ~-methyll~thionine formation, and a 4th threonine residue


This paper presents a new coding tool named cross component decorrelation in the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding Range Extension (HEVC RExt) standard. Color video is generally composed of three color components, e.g., RGB or YCbCr. It has been known for over a decade that the three color components have correlation among each other. Although global out-of-loop color space conversion, e.g., RGB-to-YCbCr, can reduce the cross component correlation, local correlation still exists in YCbCr signal. Many methods have been developed in the literature to exploit such redundancy to improve coding efficiency. However, existing methods introduce high computational or implementation complexity, which makes them never be included in mainstream video coding standard such as H.264/AVC and HEVC version 1. In this research, a new hardware friendly cross component decorrelation method is presented which reduces implementation cost while achieving significant BD-rate reduction. For example, based on JCT-VC common test condition for HEVC RExt standardization, the proposed method results in (17.3%, 18.1%, 16.6%) BD-rate reduction for the three color components of the RGB test sequences, in the case of All Intra configuration.


Over half the students who select mathematics as a college major eventually switch to other fields. Although equal numbers of males and females start with mathematics majors, females comprise 437. of those completing the undergraduate degree and 207. of those completing the Ph.D. This paper synthesizes findings from two lines of research to shed light on this pattern of participation and persistence in mathematics. First, grades earned in mathematics by males versus females, and persisters versus switchers are examined. Studies of over 39,000 undergraduates indicate that females earn higher mathematics grades than males. Also, switchers earn grades equal to those of persisters, and some of the most talented males and females switch out of mathematics. Second, interview studies of over 1,500 students interested in mathematics and science from over 20 colleges and universities are examined. In every study, undergraduates complain that mathematics courses are designed to weed out students rather than to encourage the best to persist. Switchers, more than persisters, point out the poor quality of undergraduate mathematics instruction compared to instruction in other courses. Low quality of instruction weighs more heavily than do success factors in students' decisions to switch out of mathematics, and more females than males decide to switch. A serious consequence of the perceived low quality of mathematics instruction is the loss of talented students to other majors. (Contains 122 references.) (Author/MKR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** f.Q May 15, 1995 Participation in Mathematics...-1 Participation in Mathematics Courses and Careers: Climate, Grades, and Entrance Examination Scores U.S. DEPAFFTMENT OF EDUCATION Othce ot Educations! Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )k This document has been reProd.cod es rece rn ived fro the 00,500 0, organization onginating it CI Minor changes Sane been made to 1,00,0n0 reproduction Quality Points ol sirew or opinions statect in this document do not necessarily represent official OE RI positron or policy Marcia C. Linn


This research project was granted in 2012 by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (Reference HAR2012-35222), developed between 2013 and 2015 and leaded by the author of this note. During this working period, our main goal has been to study the circulation of architectural and decorative models, its introduction, keeping, alteration or copy in the Iberian Peninsula architecture attributed to the late 9 and early 10 centuries, this one commonly known as "Mozarabic" within the traditional Hispanic research (Gómez-Moreno 1919, updated in Sastre and Utrero 2015). According to our understanding, transmission of architectural and decorative models depends on the architectural knowledge, both theory and practice (technology), on one side, and on those transfer media (patrons, artisans and documents) which make it possible, on the other. It is therefore that both aspects (knowledge and media) were proposed to be studied in order to approach this topic.


concentrations brings new insights on the current performances of the GEOS global model over high-latitudinal regions. The overall analysis is sound and valid, with interesting findings over sub-regions of Alaska. The data set is highly valuable in a part of the world with a limited number of long-term concentration or ecosystem measurements. However, the analysis falls short with no definitive conclusions related to the surface fluxes or the transport at high latitudes. Some of the wind measurements have not been used, and the link between the vertical profile analysis and the model-data mismatches is unclear. By providing additional analyses of the model-data residuals, this study can improve substantially. Therefore, I recommend the following revisions before publication:


Rapid evolvements of mobile broadband application services have attracted much attention from business owners and executives in recent years. However, researches have shown that numerous challenges and obstacles are involved in the successful implementation of a mobile application service. Therefore, a meaningful implementation model is needed. By looking through related works and relative case studies, this paper will propose a working implementation model for mobile application services. The paper will start by studying a Mobile-Customs (M-Customs) case based on Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) backbone networks. The paper will then define the project's critical success factors, and in the end, formulate an implementation model for mobile applications accordingly. The paper will also recommend a future M-Customs service that uses WiMAX as its major communications technology framework based on the experiences gained from testing new technologies in a 3G-based "Living Labs" environment.


Results of the biology of Heliothis virescens (F.) on chickpea leaves under laboratory conditions with an average of temperature and relative humidity of 25.7 ± 2.6°C and 68.1 ± 8.44% respectively are presented. The sex of the adults was determined and they were united in pairs. The eggs were collected daily and separated by batch; the number of eggs per batch and per female were recorded. After egg hatching, larvae were individually maintained in Petri dishes until the end of this state. According to the cephalic capsules and exuvias found, six larval instars were confirmed with a duration for females and males of 23.56 and 22.67 days respectively.


This research is extensively carriedout on the implementation of lean practices in an aircraft maintenance organisation with a focus on reducing waste during maintenance operation. The key lean concept is to minimize work in progress, so quickly forcing any production problems into the open. Production is with held incase any problems if found are not solved immediately. Problems existing in the production of goods are to be permanently corrected for high level of productivity with good quality. The main objective is to evolve and test several strategies to eliminate non-value added activities in the maintenance operation. Non-value added activities are considered as waste. In this research, a systematic approach is further suggested for implementation of lean principles. This paper also describes an application of root cause failure analysis (RCFA), Reliability Centered Maintenance, Failure mode and effect analysis and maintenance procedure effectiveness analysis. Finally we conclude with a discussion that many companies following these lean practices have reaped the benefits of increased customer and employee satisfaction, shorter lead times, reduced inventories, fewer defects, and lower operating costs.


Preprint version to appear in: Carvalho, A. & E. B. Loose (2018) 'Climate change in Brazilian media', in B. Brevini and J. Lewis (eds.) Climate Change and the Media, pp. 79-94, New York: Peter Lang.


This comment of jurisprudence concerns the analysis of rule RIT O-1413-2015, of the Second Labor Court of Santiago, about a case of declaration of economic unit, in which the Court reasoned that there is no requirement for the declaration of single employer the exercise of the power of control or direction over workers from other agencies.


Considering the promising antimicrobial activity of compounds bearing the thiazole or the oxadiazole rings in their structures, we set out to obtain new antimicrobial molecules bearing the 2-(thiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole schaffold. The structures of the 8 new compounds obtained was confirmed by physicochemical characterization including: 1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against 5 Gram-positive bacterial strains, 2 Gram-negative bacterial strains and 2 fungal strains. The newly synthesized compounds showed modest antimicrobial activity.


Like most people, Tania Cameron was watching the news intently as the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Canada. A member of Niisaachewan First Nation and regional coordinator for Indigenous Sport and Wellness Ontario, she worried that no one was talking to


One of the most promising approaches to address the worldwide water crisis is wastewater treatment and utilization. Vermifiltration is a novel wastewater treatment method that involves using composting earthworms to remediate contaminated water. It is considered as an innovative technology that offers a long-term strategy for wastewater treatment with simultaneous sludge reduction and remediation. The treatment capacity parameters by vermifilter of wastewater has a strong association with earthworm activity. It's a biofilter in which the earthworms breakdown the suspended particles trapped on the filter bed, decompose organic matter via enzymatic activity, and aerate the system through burrowing action while removing pathogens. The present review focuses on vermifiltration and the mechanisms underlying it, as well as the current situation of the technology for the treatment and reutilization of pollutants produced in domestic and industrial fields.


This report analyses the impact of product market reforms, in the form of the EU Single Market Programme, on the extent of product market competition and the subsequent effects of competition on innovation activity and productivity growth.The report first summarises the main messages from the existing theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between competition and innovation and uses this to inform the subsequent empirical analysis. The theoretical literature on competition and growth emphasises the importance of economic profits, or rents, in providing incentives for firms to innovate to compete for market position or in order to enter new markets. Increased competition may increase incentives for firms to increase efficiency or to innovate in order to protect or enhance their market position. However, competition may reduce the rewards to innovation or entry into a market and thus discourage these activities.


Copy photo of a drawing. On back: Left to right: Part of the yard of the John S. Roberts home; First brick building, the Ingraham Building in upper story of which Judge Ingraham had his office; Court House, contracted 1858. Later torn down and removed to southwest corner of church square; J.P. Davidson building burned down. Later rebuilt as Inn Hotel and a store.


With the rapid development of Internet and the explosive growth of Internet information, massive data processing received more concerns. Micro-blog, which is an important representative pattern of the Internet development in the future, has become the essential tool of communication and marketing to all of us. Processing and using the massive data resulting from micro-blog activities has becomes a hot topic. In this paper, we propose a method to design and implement the User Interest Based Search Engine, a search engine can be used to search for the same interest micro-blog users. We at first crawl massive micro-blog data from micro-blog websites, and store this data in HBase. Then we process the massive data and build indices using MapReduce. Finally, we build a search engine web site based on Solr, and we propose a rank algorithm for searching. By employing this User Interest Based Search Engine, we can accurately search other users with the same interests as ourselves.


How can organizations improve their status given the variety of competing institutional demands they are exposed to? Previous research has provided evidence of the interaction between organizationa...


Road traffic accidents are one of Malaysia's top five major causes of death and is one of the most critical public health concerns in2023. As a result, this article offers research based on data from different Malaysian government organisations andanalysing the changes in the pattern of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) in Perak,Malaysia. From 2011 to 2018, data was analysed based on road traffic collisions and categories of casualties concerning gender, age, types of roads and vehicles, and road users. The mortality and injury rates per 100,000 people were used to calculate performance for road safety. It was found that with a 0.59% increase in Perak's population and an increase in the number of cars, there are30,669 total crashes and 491 road deaths in 2020. Furthermore, this study discovered that motorcycles were the most common vehicle involved in road traffic deaths from 2011 to 2018, which should raise concerns sincemotorbikes have become an essential mode of transportation. In Perak, most road deaths were males between the ages of 16 and 20. Finally, this study discovered that the death and injury rates per 100,000 people in Perak are 19.56 and 75.82, respectively, indicating that the fatality rate is dropping, but the injury rate increased dramatically in 2020 compared to 2019. The Perak state administration must investigate why the situation has worsen aftera decade. Somehow or rather, the state must address this issue, and it is advised that further research be conducted to identify mechanisms to enhance the current scenario to lower the number of RTCs, notably deaths, in the state.


From the largely accepted Unesco proposal, concerning what would be a national library, the author reflects about what it will in the next centuries. Analyses the national library functions and try to antecipate in what measure and in what sense this functions will develop. Deeply convinced about the essential role of national library in the cultural life of the country, the author wishes that these national institutions turn on to the best use of the available technologies.


The shear response of polymer brushes is explored as a function of grafting surface curvature using the Alexander-deGennes ansatz, where the free ends of the chains are localized at the tip of the brush and all tethered chains in the brush are stretched equally. Brushes adsorbed onto the concave and convex surfaces of a cylinder are found to swell to a maximum of 35% of their nonsheared brush height in good solvent, larger than the predicted maximum shear swelling of planar brushes of the same grafting density. For significantly convex surfaces, increased surface curvature increases the maximum amount of shear swelling. In contrast, brushes grafted onto concave surfaces with the same grafting density show diminished shear swelling as the grafting surface becomes more concave. The shear response of nonplanar brushes is important in a variety of possible applications, including the fabrication of pressure-sensitive microvalves and dynamic membranes and an understanding of the rheological behavior of hairy-rod polymers or molecular bottlebrushes.


Thistudy was carried out to provide baseline data for various indicators measuring breast-feeding and bottle-feeding practices in Alexandria. In 1995, a total of 1080 children aged below 24 months, equally distributed among six age groups, were selected for a household 24-hour dietary survey. The findings indicated that only 42.2% of infants below 4 months were currently exclusively breast-fed, while 21.1% were predominantly breast-fed. Hence, the rate of breast-feeding was 63.3%. The prevalence rate of timely complementary feeding was 62.3%. Continued breast-feeding rate at 1 year was 64.4%, and at 2 years was 33.9%. The bottle-feeding rate [among infants less than 12 months] was 44.3%


Numerosity was defined as an invariant property of a collection of objects specifying its numerical size. Infants looked at displays of small numerosities that changed optic structure such that size was not tied to certain static or dynamic configurational properties of the display but remained constant across patterns of optic motion. The displayed figures moved continuously and at a constant speed. The trajectories were irregular and could produce occlusion of objects. The task used involved infant-controlled habituation of visual looking time. At age 5 months, 8 months, and 13 months, 44 infants were tested for the numerosities 2, 3, and 4 in three randomly ordered sessions.


In the work the possibilities of analysis and diagnostics of multi-component seismic signals using empirical mode decomposition are discussed. It is shown that only the first 2-3 modes contain main information about the processes being analyzed. It is noted that the empirical mode decomposition possesses considerable potential to solve the problems of extraction of independent rhythmic components from experimental data. It represents a new tool to analyze the structure of seismic signals, capable to improve the quality of studying of a lithographic structure of earth's crust on different depth.


The main peculiarities of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) [1] are directly related to the physical process with which the coherent radiation is produced. In all free electron devices, the active medium is no more represented by an atomic or molecular system, but by an electron beam (e-beam) which is "pumped" by a structure (a magnetic undulator in the FEL case) which provides synchronism between the e-beam oscillations and the phase velocity of the electromagnetic (e.m.) wave generated in the same structure. The output frequency is therefore not related to fixed quantum level transitions, but to the e-beam energy and to the undulator geometry, and therefore can be quite easily changed making the FEL a tunable source. Also the saturated output peak and average power can in principle be very high and not limited by the dissipation capability of an active medium like in conventional lasers.


The current trend in high performance computing (HPC) is to find clusters composed of multicore nodes. These nodes use a hierarchical communication architecture, which has to be handled carefully by students when they want to improve the parallel performance metrics. For this reason, we have proposed a teaching methodology for students in computational sciences with the aim of developing their SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) parallel applications efficiently based on theoretical and practical sections. This novel methodology for teaching parallel programming is centered on improving parallel applications written by students through their experiences obtained during classes. Students achieved these improvements in their applications through applying novel strategies in order to manage the imbalances issues generated by the hierarchical communication architecture of multicore clusters. Also, this methodology allows students to discover how to improve their applications using characterization, mapping and scheduling strategies. Finally, the SPMD applications are selected because they can present imbalance issues due to the different communication links included on multicore clusters and these issues may create an interesting challenges for students when they wish to enhance the performance metrics. In conclusion, applying our teaching methodology, students obtained a significant learning skill designing their SPMD parallel applications.


Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) photonic memories have attracted significant attention due to their special memory mechanism and potential application, such as image capture and light information storage. Conventional OFET memories based on SiO2 blocking dielectric layer usually need a high programming and erasing voltage, which is not conducive to the needs for future market applications. Here, the low-voltage OFET photonic memory is investigated by using spin-coated organic polymer as the blocking dielectric layer and blending film of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) and polystyrene (PS) as the charge trapping layer, respectively. The thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film is used as the first blocking dielectric layer, and the ultrathin polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used as secondary blocking dielectric layer on the top of PMMA. Due to the use of thin polymer blocking dielectric layers, the operating voltages of the photonic memory can be as low as 5 V. And the photo-generated carriers can be effectively trapped and released in photosensitive charge trapping layer during the photo-programming and electrical erasing operations. In addition, the memory characteristics of the photonic memory are comparable to that of traditional memories with SiO2 blocking dielectric layer. Multi-level data storage can be obtained in the memory by applying different photo-programming conditions. The low-voltage OFET memory device also presents well retention and endurance. Hence, the low-voltage OFET photonic memory using solution-processed polymer blocking dielectric and photosensitive charge trapping layer shows great potential for the application in optoelectronic devices in terms of large-area and low cost.


Atramhasis is an online vocabulary editor that allows users to create, maintain and consult controlled vocabularies and thesauri (Harpring, 2010) according to the SKOS specification (Miles & Bechhofer, 2008). SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System) is a W3C Recommendation that supports controlled vocabularies within the framework of the Semantic Web. SKOS provides a standard way to represent these vocabularies using RDF (Resource Description Framework) (Schreiber & Raimond, 2014), another W3C Recommendation that allows passing data between computer applications in an interoperable way.


The ever wider practice of wastewater treatment has increased the overall amount of sludge produced by treatment plants. This sludge contains a great number of polluting substances (nitrogen, phosphorus) and harmful substances (pathogens, heavy metals). There are four possible solutions to the sludge disposal problem: dumping (this will be prohibited in Italy as of 2001), incineration, innovative technologies that minimise the quantity produced, and reuse in agriculture. This paper examines the feasibility of reusing this type of sludge in agriculture after appropriate treatment to minimise its environmental and health effects. The authors review applicable EU and Italian regulations and compare the rules in force in various European countries.


In task-oriented dialogue systems, response generation from meaning representations (MRs) often suffers from limited training examples, due to the high cost of annotating MR-to-Text pairs. Previous works on self-training leverage fine-tuned conversational models to automatically generate pseudo-labeled MR-to-Text pairs for further fine-tuning. However, some self-augmented data may be noisy or uninformative for the model to learn from. In this work, we propose a two-phase self-augmentation procedure to generate high-quality pseudo-labeled MR-to-Text pairs: the first phase selects the most informative MRs based on model's prediction uncertainty; with the selected MRs, the second phase generates accurate responses by aggregating multiple perturbed latent representations from each MR. Empirical experiments on two benchmark datasets, FewShotWOZ and FewShotSGD, show that our method generally outperforms existing self-training methods on both automatic and human evaluations.


We consider the inverse scattering problems for two types of Schrödinger operators on locally perturbed periodic lattices. For the discrete Hamiltonian, the knowledge of the S-matrix for all energies determines the graph structure and the coefficients of the Hamiltonian. For locally perturbed equilateral metric graphs, the knowledge of the S-matrix for all energies determines the graph structure.


Hg/sup 198/ is found to emit ganma rays of energies 0.67575 and 1.0875 Mev in decaying from its second excited state. A splitting of this state, which has recently been reponted elsewhere, is not observed. The BETA branching to a state at 1.000 Mev, observed in the decay of Tl/sup 198m/ is shown to be weaker than theoretically expected. The results are discussed. (auth)


Aiming to redundant candidate itemsets and repeated computing existing in presented mining algorithms, this paper proposes an algorithm of fast mining frequent itemsets based on sequence number. To fast execute double search, the algorithm adopts two methods of generating candidate itemsets, one is down search that generating subsets of non frequent itemsets, another is up search that computing their digital complementary sets. To only scan once database the algorithm uses character of attribute sequence number to compute support. The algorithm deletes repeated l-candidate itemsets generated by (l+1)-non frequent itemsets via locating subsets' order, and also improves speed of generating candidate itemsets by computing subsets' digital complementary set. The result of experiment indicates that the algorithm is faster and more efficient than presented algorithms of mining frequent itemsets.


INTRODUCTION: The removal of a global mean signal has been widely adopted in the processing of resting-state fMRI studies [1]. However, there has been recent controversy regarding its usage, since negative correlations with a seed ROI are mathematically mandated after regressing out the whole brain global mean signal (denoted as 'whole-gs') [2]. Here we introduce an alternative "global" signal based on the BOLD signal in the large draining veins. The basic idea is that fluctuations in these draining veins will represent the sum of fluctuations from smaller venules that are upstream. For example, the BOLD signal from the sagittal sinus ('sinus-gs') will average the fluctuations from venules in the cerebral cortex, while that from the great vein of galen ('galen-gs') averages the signals from the basal ganglia region. In this pilot study, we compared the relationship between the 'whole-gs', the 'sinus-gs', and the 'galen-gs' signals. METHODS: The data were collected on a GE Signa HDx 3T scanner with an 8-channel head coil from one healthy male subjects. The scan protocol included a susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) scan, a sagittal T1 weighted 3D anatomical scan, field maps, and two resting state BOLD scans. The resting scans were acquired with an echo-planar imaging sequence (TR = 2s, TE = 30ms, flip angle = 90°, slice thickness = 4mm with gap = 1mm, FOV = 24cm, matrix size = 64×64, reps = 185). All images were coregistered in AFNI. The SWI scan used the parameters for 3T described in [3]. The region of interest (ROI) masks for the sagittal sinus and the great vein of galen were defined based on the SWI minimum intensity projection (mIP) map. A whole brain mask was also generated from the anatomical data. All these masks were then resampled to the resolution of functional data. Preprocessing for the functional images included field map, slice-timing and head-motion corrections. The first 10 volumes of both functional runs were discarded due to T1 equilibration. The resultant data were low-pass (<0.1Hz) filtered after regressing out nuisance terms, which included constant and linear trends and head-motion parameters. These corrected data were further normalized on voxel-wise basis by the standard deviation of the voxel time course. The global signals were calculated by averaging the corrected data over the voxels in the whole brain mask for the 'whole-gs' (excluding the sagittal sinus and galen vein regions), in the sagittal sinus mask for the 'sinus-gs', and in the galen vein mask for the 'galen-gs' respectively. Cross correlations were calculated between the 'whole-gs' and the 'galen-gs', as well as the 'sinus-gs'. For comparison, we also showed the correlation maps with PCC after regressing out different global terms. RESULTS: Fig. 1 shows two high-resolution vein masks (in red) from a single slice overlaid over a high-resolution structure image. As labeled in red, the upper ROI is for the great vein of galen, whereas the lower one is the sagittal sinus. The ROIs were down-sampled into the same size as functional data for global signal calculation. The averaged signal of each ROI is compared with the 'whole-gs' for both runs (Fig. 2). Both 'galen-gs' and 'sinus-gs' are well correlated with 'whole-gs' in both runs (p<0.005 for 'sinus-gs' in run1, and p<0.0001 for the other three conditions in Table 1). The correlation maps with PCC with different combination of global signals are shown in Fig 3. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that resting-state BOLD signals from the major veins, such as the 'galen-gs' and 'sinus-gs', could be used as global signal estimators. Physiologically, the vein signal fluctuation in the sagittal sinus reflects the average of deoxyhemoglobin fluctuations from cortical cortex; while that in the galen contains overall information from basal ganglia region. The high resolution mIPs provide a good opportunity to locate the vein regions. As the regions of sagittal sinus and galen are defined based on anatomy, the mathematical problem of forcing negative correlations between brain networks by averaging method with the 'whole-gs' [2] is avoided. However, a potential drawback of the venous global signal estimators is that phase information in the time signals may be lost due to variable hemodynamic delays.


In this study the affects of a pulsed excimer laser emitting at 308 nm (XeCl) on enamel susceptibility to artificial caries-like lesions were investigated. Additional effects of fluoride (F) application were also studied and SEC examinations performed. Sixty-four extracted human molar teeth were coated with acid resistant varnish leaving four windows, then sectioned, leaving one window on each tooth quarter. The windows were treated in one of the following ways: untreated (control), or lased, or exposed to 4 min. APF (1.23% F) before lasing, or exposed to 4 min. APF (1.23% F) after lasing. After lasing, microhardness profiles were obtained and SEM was performed. Caries resistance was generally increased at moderate fluences. F application combined with lasing enhanced caries resistance at some parameters. SEM showed effects ranging from minimal to localized effects to extended glazing. Pulsed excimer laser irradiation, especially combined with topical F application can inhibit development of artificial caries-like lesions.


In the late 1970's, art historians began to discuss photography using diverse theoretical paradigms. Theoreticians associated with October magazine, greatly influenced by poststructuralism, recognized that photography can subvert modern art and emphasized its function. Their position is consonant with photography criticism in the late 1980's that called into question the definition of photography as modern art during the 1950's and 1960's. Such photography was later reappraised and has even been credited with overcoming the economic recession of the art world during the 1970's. However, it is an insular category that neglects the multiplicity of photographic practice. My thesis is a study of Sherrie Levine's rephotography, a technique whereby the artist photographs reproductions of the art works of modern masters and then shows the photographs as her own work. I examine the reasons why Levine's rephotography, as a work of appropriation, constitutes postmodern art. First, I acknowledge that Levine's rephotography demonstrates the collapse of modern aesthetics. Originality and authorship are both the motives and the tenets of art in the modern era, but Levine posits that an original work cannot exist in the artwork fundamentally. Levine's position has its historical roots in Marcel Duchamp's Readymade, the Dada practice of collage and montage, and in Pop Art's mass media images. She utilizes a recycling of existing photographic images and asserts that the originality of artwork is not an essential element of the form. Levine's rephotography announces "the death of the artist". The concept of "the death of the author"developed from poststructuralism, which addresses the notion of an autonomous subject. Levine's rephotography works refute the romantic concept of the individual artist as having a fixed character and place of origin. At the same time, her work emphasizes active viewing in order to create the meaning of the artwork. Second, I examine Levine's rephotography as a resistance to a system that values the works of masters at the expense and exclusion of other artists. Western art history epitomizes the praise of man's desire and its results, so Levine's rephotography, which appropriates only the works of great modern male artists and the images of "the Other" in their works, expresses how difficult it is to be a woman artist. Her rephotography deconstructs the tenets of modern art. It represents a break with modern photography rejecting photography's traditional relationship to the outside world and criticizes the museum as an institution. Her rephotography exposes the concepts of original artwork and the personal artist, elements that form the basis of art museums, demonstrating that photography is complex, multi-layered, and central to discourses other than "art photography". But, I consider whether the critical effect of rephotography is valid. Levine's appropriation of exclusively male artists' works represents "womanliness as a masquerade". Her behavior may be interpreted as the use of famous names and works in order to gain recognition for herself. When Levine's work is treated by museums in the same manner as other postmodern art works, it enhances the value of the original work of art as well as becoming another original work itself Her work accommodates itself to the marketplace of art. We must conclude that the strategy of appropriation can hardly maintain its deconstructive and critical powers when it joins the mainstream of culture.


This paper summarizes an antifouling fishnet material containing nano inorganic antimicrobial agent. Antifouling materials were hung up between net cases in the test maritime space in Zhejiang province. The adsorbent on antifouling materials was weighed and taken pictures. The result of test proved that the antifouling fishnet material had satisfactory antifouling.


This paper presents how modern consumer PCs and server workstations can be used very efficiently for large scale FDTD simulations. The development of the computer systems in the last years going from single core CPUs to multi core CPUs with improved calculation extensions like AVX (Advanced Vector Extension) enables new possibilities for implementing fast FDTD algorithms. A new XPU calculation technique (software accelerated computing on modern CPUs) which speeds up FDTD simulations is explained and verified by several large and complex application examples. This XPU technique easily surpasses the speed and size of calculation on GPU cards by using consumer PCs.


Z A Y A X A P P P , , of an end effecter tip which lies in a specific frame {C} with respect to another frame which represents the fixed base frame {A} passing through an intermediate frame {B} by using Matrix Compound Transformation Method i.e. theoretical approach, then followed by measuring the same coordinates by another two traditional procedures, they are: o Self Coordinates Feeding. o Manual Alignment. And comparing the final obtained results (theoretical and experimental) with the standard one. The second step is checking repeatability for the above mentioned methods, by measuring the final tip coordinates for 18 times for each case. The final result shows that the Matrix Compound Transformation Method gives an accurate repeatability comparing with the others.


Vulnerabilities do enormous harm to personal computers. What is worse, with emergence of much more applications of computer networks nowadays, network security caused by vulnerabilities has become an important issue. And attacks turned more proficient, making it much more difficult to protect our computer networks. In view of the security issue of complex network, effective identification of attack paths contributes to network security defense a lot. In order to obtain the paths, attack graphs are used. And to construct it requires preconditions like vulnerabilities information, network configuration, and etc. In this paper, we present a simplified model to construct the attack paths. We discuss the construction of attack paths taking advantage of logic programming and corresponding preconditions generated by the logic rule and facts.


Many woodland species are perennials which reproduce vegetatively and, as a result, are commonly found in clones. It has previously been observed that such clones are especially prominent in the younger stands of forest along the prairieforest border. In order to determine the relation of cloning to the age of stands and the randomness of distribution, twenty-six stands of different ages were sampled by quadrats during the summer of 1947. These stands were located in the general region of the prairie-forest border from the Mississippi River bluffs near the mouth of the Wisconsin River to northeastern Illinois, just west of Chicago. This border region has a mean annual rainfall which ranges from 30.5 to 34 inches and mean annual temperatures between 43 and 47 degrees F. as taken from the records of the U. S. Weather Bureau for stations within the area (Weather Bureau, U.S.D.A., '32). The least disturbed stands available were selected for study and generally at least two stands of different ages were used in each locality in order to avoid excessive variations due to differences in geographical location. The exact location of each stand and the complete field data are recorded in a thesis filed in the library of the University of Wisconsin (Whitford, '48).


To explore the transport properties of polycrystalline graphene under large tensile strain, a strain device has been fabricated using piezocrystal to load local strain onto graphene, up to 22.5%. Ionic liquid gate whose capability of tuning carrier density being much higher than that of a solid gate is used to survey the transfer characteristics of the deformed graphene. The conductance of the Dirac point and field effect mobility of electrons and holes is found to decrease with increasing strain, which is attributed to the scattering of the graphene grain boundaries, the strain induced change of band structure, and defects. However, the transport gap is still not opened. Our study is helpful to evaluate the application of graphene in stretchable electronics.


Herein we report the discovery and hit-to-lead optimization of a series of spirocyclic piperidine aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors. Compounds from this series display potent CYP11B2 inhibition, good selectivity versus related CYP enzymes, and lead-like physical and pharmacokinetic properties.


45 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture were evaluated on anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI) and the effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 8 were acute and others were old injuries. The incidence of AMRI was 69% (31 cases). 32 cases had medial meniscus tears and AMRI was severe in the cases of peripheral tears. The grade three ruptures of the medial collateral ligament was seen in two cases and in them AMRI was severe. All cases underwent reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with Leeds-Keio artificial ligament by the arthroscopic method. Medial meniscus tears were treated with the meniscal suture in 14 cases, subtotal meniscectomy in 8 cases and the partial meniscectomy in 10 cases. Medial collateral ligament ruptures were reconstructed in the cases of more than grade three. The results of each operative method were successful, and AMRI was noted in 4 cases postoperatively. But in these cases there were no disability related to AMRI.


The practice of eating insects is widespread throughout the world. The use of edible insects in animal feed and human diet is being advocated on a universal scale as an alternative source of protein, lipids and micro - nutrients which is correlated with global food security. Termites are nutritionally endowed eusocial insects belonging to the order Isoptera. Microtermes obesi, a termite species has been a part of traditional cuisine among different communities of Assam. Therefore, the present study was assigned to investigate the presence of nutrient composition and antioxidant properties of M. obesi, an edible termite species collected from Baksa district of Assam. In the current investigation, the nutritional values recorded from M. obesi adult comprised of 7.68±0.02% moisture content, 45.15±1.97g/100gm crude protein, 8.40±2.05 g/100gm crude fat, 28.76±1.31 mg/100gm Na, 22.86±2.19 mg/100gm K, 108.36±2.18 mg/100gm Fe, 58.09±1.38 mg/100gm Ca, 20.47±3.15 mg/100gm S, and 132.88±2.15 mg/100gm P. The biochemical contents such as total phenolic, total flavonoid and DPPH radical scavenging activity are recorded as 108.17±2.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100g, 58.06±3.26 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100g and 84.90±2.15% respectively. Findings of this study demonstrated the presence of rich nutritional and high antioxidant qualities in M. obesi termite species and also provided scientific validation on the entomophagy practice of M. obesi which can be consumed as alternative source of nutrient in animal feed with potential health benefits.


Spacecraft housekeeping telemetry is monitored at flight control centers by the operations engineers using tools that can perform limit checking or simple trend analysis. Recent developments in machine learning techniques for anomaly detection enables the implementation of more sophisticated systems that aim to augment current state-of-the-art mission tools to provide valuable decision support for the spacecraft operators, assisting in anomaly detection and potentially saving console time for the engineers. We will show some results of the implementation of an anomaly detection tool for the NASA Mars Science Laboratory mission.


PURPOSE: To provide the compsn. which is safe and effective over a wide range of temps., washing conditions, washing machines and kinds of cloth by compounding a specific peroxy acid bleaching agent precursor and an antioxidant. CONSTITUTION: The granular compsn. is obtd. by compounding (i) 50 to 99.9 wt.% (hereafter %), preferably 60 to 95% peroxy acid bleaching agent precursor of the formula [Ac is an acyl part of org. carboxylic acid contg. linear or branched 6-20C alkyl or alkenyl part (substd. in some cases) or 6-20C alkyl substd. aryl part; L is a dissociation group and its conjugate acid has pka of 4 to 13] and (B) 0.1 to 50%, preferably 0.5 to 10% antioxidant, preferably a phenol (ester) antioxidant, steric hindrance amine photostabilizer, etc. The detergent compsn. is obtd. by compounding 1 to 75% org. surfactant, 0.5 to 40% peroxy bleaching agent and 0.1 to 20% compsn. described above. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


To evaluate the seismic capacity of a multistorey building structures in performance based seismic design, it is needed to convert MDOF model into equivalent SDOF model. This paper presents predictions for interstory drift of multistorey structures using method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model. The principal objective of this investigation is to evaluate appropriateness of converting method through performing nonlinear time history analysis of a multistory building structures and an equivalent SDOF model. Comparing the interstory drift of multistorey structures calculated by time history analysis and those evaluated by an equivalent SDOF model, the adequacy and the validity of converting method is verified. The conclusion of this study is following; A method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model through the nonlinear time history response analysis is valid. Inelastic first mode shapes are expected to be more accurate than elastic first mode shapes in obtaining interstory drift of multistorey structures from equivalent SDOF model.


In contrast to former ligand field predictions, the standard energetic order of the metal 3d orbitals, δ<π<σ, is not reproduced here. Throughout, the 3dσ molecular orbital (MO) level is found rather low lying because of σ-donating ligand induced 3d-4s hybridization in these linear dicoordinated compounds, while the 3dπ is rather high due to the pronounced π-donor character of the halogen ligands at the short distances of the digonal halides. This results in an unexpected electron distribution for the ground state and in an unusual order of electronic states. The calculations are in general consistent with recent experimental findings. The approach yields semiquantitatively correct geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies, and qualitatively correct trends for the dissociation energies. Those properties show a secondary periodicity, similar to the one known for octahedral high-spin complexes, though for different electronic reasons. Unknown structures, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energ...


Since each clinical research of medicine presents health risks to the persons participating in it, particularly for pregnant women whose bodies develop new lives, the authors think it is surprising that their position is regulated by a small number of national regulations and only one international document in this field – International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. In the first part of the paper, the authors elaborate and comment on the special terms of the Guidelines regarding the  pregnant women participating in clinical trials ; and, then, also the concept of pregnant and breastfeeding woman's protection foreseen by the new Medicines and Medical Products Act of the Republic of Serbia. The solutions provided by the Serbian Law are the selected subjects of analysis in the second part of the paper, not only for being one of the rare national regulations dealing with the position of pregnant women in clinical trials, but also for doing that differently from the Guidelines. Based on the analysis and comparison of international and national regulations, the authors conclude the paper by formulating a new regulation model for this issue as they consider it more appropriate,  and justify their proposals in details. The essence of this concept is: banning the non-therapeutic research involving pregnant and breastfeeding women; and, the necessity to provide terms additional to those valid for other subjects, when therapeutic researches are conducted on these women.


We have used inkjet printing for integrating organic microcavity lasers vertically on top of optical waveguides embedded into photonic integrated circuits. This achievement will enable three-dimensional circuits and exploiting novel heterogeneous material combinations.


EDITOR,—We endorse Anthony Seaton's suggestions regarding occupational medicine,1 but the current staffing and structure of the NHS occupational health departments seem unlikely to be able to meet the demands of their surrounding communities. What is to happen in the interim?

Our pilot occupational health project found that 61 (13%) of 474 patients interviewed in general practice surgeries were visiting their general practitioner because of health …


Asymmetrical distribution of water resources is a main contradiction in the long-term exploitation and utilization of water and land resources.Quantificational analysis of effects between water resources and land use is helpful to establish a model of combating desertification and vegetation degeneration and to utilize water and land resources sustainably in oases.Taking an oasis of Sangong River watershed,located on the north of Tianshan Mountain of Xinjiang as a study case,we studied the influence of land use on temporal-spatial change of groumdwater level by combining GIS and FEFLOW,a special software modeling groundwater flow with finite ele-ment method.Spatial variation of land use,as sourcesink factors of groundwater,is dealt with ArcGIS.The model is calibrated with continuous dynamic data of the groundwater table from 2000 to 2003.Results show that the model has successfully simulated land use effects on groundwater level,which indicates the principle and method of reasonable land use.It is further argued that if the current land use mode in oasis was kept on the wa-ter table of city area in alluvial-diluvial fans descended,the whole trend of water table in phreatic overflowing zones went into a rapid descent,the water table of irrigated land in the under part of alluvial plain ascended.


The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of cultural diversity on innovation. In doing so, the paper investigates the interaction effects between cultural diversity, knowledge diversity and knowledge regime in an organizational context, where actors interact and exchange knowledge through networks. The underlying premise of the paper is that, the impact of cultural diversity on innovation depends on both the technological opportunities prevalent in the industry, and also the diversity in the competencies among actors. An agent based simulation study is carried out. In the model, networks form and evolve through the interactions between agents, through which they learn. The model investigates both the structural characteristics of networks that evolve, and the knowledge growth in the population, corresponding to varying degrees of cultural diversity and knowledge diversity. The results reveal that the extent to which cultural diversity yields more learning depends on the characteristics of the knowledge regime, as well as the extent of knowledge diversity within the population. In particular, in intermediate degrees of technological opportunities, cultural diversity has a negative impact on innovation.


After 1956, attempts to control through mobilization were effectively abandoned, and this allowed the steady development of interests and groups under Kadar's soft dictatorship, leading to an incipient civil society. The Hungarian Democratic Forum emerged from this movement to lead the country following the 1990 elections. Other parties and groups arose, basing themselves on somewhat different values or appealing to specific segments of Hungarian society, but they were brought together in the opposition round table. Key elements in the confrontation between the communists and the opposition round table included the timing of elections and the mechanism for selecting the state president, and tripartite negotiations set the country on a new course. Subsequently, a plethora of parties has emerged, as further institution‐building continues the process of transition.