1035 Background: Atypical breast duct cells in patients at increased risk of breast cancer have been predictive of a 5-fold increased breast cancer incidence. While ductal lavage is an FDA approved procedure, very little is known about the anatomy of the ductal system and when atypia is identified, how to localize the lesion when imaging tests are normal. The management of an atypical result is controversial and can include further evaluation in an attempt to localize a lesion with ductoscopy and breast MRI and risk reduction measures including tamoxifen or prophylactic surgery. We report on the use of a combination of breast MRI and ductal lavage; MR-Galactography to help define the normal anatomy of the breast ductal system and to localize atypia not identified by mammography and MRI.

METHODS
Women who carry a BRCA1/2 mutation and have been undergoing annual screening with mammography, breast MRI, and ductal lavage in our centers were invited to participate. Ten microliters of a 5-mmol/L Gd-DTPA solution was injected intraductally through a catheter and MR images were obtained on a 1.5T imager Signa LX using a dedicated 4-coil phased array breast coil. Ductal mapping was performed.

RESULTS
Two MR-galactography exams have been performed in a patient with a BRCA1 mutation. Successful cannulation and visualization of 3 ducts compromising 30% of the breast estimated by volumetric calculations was observed. Limitations to cannulation of more than 3 ducts were the small surface area of the nipple and the bulky catheter size.

CONCLUSIONS
MR-galactography is a safe, feasible procedure that allows clear visualization of ductal anatomy. The cannulation of 2-3 ducts per breast as part of the standard ductal lavage protocol may only sample 30% of the breast ductal system, thereby missing a large portion of breast parenchyma. This protocol will be further developed to 1) allow easier cannulation of more ducts using magnification tools and smaller catheters 2) aid in localization of atypia identified on ductal lavage in the context of a normal contrast-enhanced MRI and 3) to detemine if atypia has a characteristic appearance on MRI that predicts for the clinical development of breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Under market economy circumstance, economic freedom, private property right and basis of morality and law are interdependence and inter-influence, when economic freedom based on certain level of morality, market resources could be disposed reasonable, and advantage the enterprise's innovation and technology progress. As the main body of market economic activity, enterprise was organized by inner coordination of work, the promotion of productivity of labor and development of social productivity are the beginning and evolution of enterprise. The development of modern enterprises, although at a certain level entrepreneurs have interiorized some functions belongs to market, this kind of interiorization abides the producing function of enterprise. During game playing with government about the boundary of right, enterprises, for gaining much more economic profit (including economic freedom), keep extending there economic domain with every effect, encroach into the government's economic regulation intensity and domain. The self-centered economic expansion doesn't mean that enterprises could overcome the economic regulation of government, on the contrary, the freedom of enterprises are limited and still under the control of "visible hand".


In yeast, melatonin had previously been shown to be formed and to be metabolized to other 5-methoxylated indoles. We now demonstrate that an alternate melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), is converted by S. cerevisiae to N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), which is subsequently released to the culture medium. By means of an NO donor, PAPA-NONOate, AMK extracted from the medium is nitrosated to 3-acetamidomethyl-6-methoxycinnolinone (AMMC). The deformylation of AFMK was enhanced by aspartate or glutamine. This is not a general phenomenon of providing nitrogen sources, since asparagine and arginine were slightly, and guanidine strongly inhibitory, whereas addition of ammonium caused only small increases. Experiments with glutamine or high ammonium indicate the formation of another metabolite, N-[2-(6-methoxyquinazolin-4-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide (MQA).


This study discusses a contract to promote collection and recycling of used products in a green supply chain (GSC). A collection incentive contract is combined with a reward-penalty contract. The collection incentive contract for used products is made between a retailer and a manufacturer. The reward-penalty contract for recycling used products is made between a manufacturer and an external institution. A retailer pays an incentive for collecting used products from customers and delivers them to a manufacturer with a product order quantity under uncertainty in product demand. A manufacturer remanufactures products using recyclable parts with acceptable quality levels and covers a part of the retailer's incentive from the recycled parts by sharing the reward from an external institution. Product demand information is assumed as (i) the distribution is known (ii) mean and variance are known. Besides, the optimal decisions for product quantity, collection incentive of used products and lower limit of quality level for recyclable parts under decentralized integrated GSCs. The analysis numerically investigates how (1) contract for recycling activity, (ii) product demand information and (iii) quality of recyclable parts affect the optimal operation for each GSC. Supply chain coordination to shift IGSC is discussed by adopting Nash Bargaining solution.


Review(s) of: Berlin games: How Hitler stole The Olympic dream, by Guy Walters, John Murray, London, 2006, pp. xvi + 368, pb, $27.95.


On the other hand, recognition is due to the wisdom of the note on the use of etymological evidence in general (p. 125) and to the careful and convincing analysis oiAen. x. 201-3, Vergil's description of the ethnology of Mantua, with the brilliant explanation at last given of Servius' difficult note on that passage. Another not less interesting and not less certain interpretation is that given (p. 133) to the well-known and difficult Dictator-inscription of Caere (C. I. L. xi. 3593). Here a point of confirmatory evidence has been overlooked. The inscription runs, or originally ran : deos Curiales genium Ti. Claudi Caisaris Augusti p.p. curiae Aserniae A. Auillius Acanthus dictator sua impensa Posuit. Here Mommsen wanted to take curiae as meaning a particular building, to which there are fatal objections. Dr. Rosenberg's view that it is Genitive after deos Curiales to which the ' genius of Tiberius' is added will remind the English reader at once of Horace's phrase (Odes iv. 5. 34) et Laribus tuum miscet nomen, which seems to clinch the argument. Enough has been said to show that Dr. Rosenberg's book deserves a cordial and respectful welcome both for its own sake and as a promise of not less admirable work in the future.


In April 1984 the British Library Research and Development Department (BLR&DD) funded a twelve‐month project to investigate the use of facsimile transmission in libraries. Of the thirteen libraries selected, four comprised the BCOP (Birmingham Libraries in Co‐operation) libraries of Aston University, Birmingham Public Libraries, City of Birmingham Public Libraries, City of Birmingham Polytechnic, and the University of Birmingham. These were chosen to gain experience of fax operation in a local co‐operative. The first months of the project were spent establishing and publicising fax and in staff training, and while take‐up was encouraging it was felt that a year was insufficient to test the service fully. Thus, with agreement from the British Library, the project was extended for a second twelve months. This report covers the experience of BCOP libraries during the second stage of the project, i.e. from May 1985‐end of March 1986. A full report of the complete project is presently in preparation for publication by the British Library, and details of the first year's operation at Aberdeen City Libraries have already been published.


This is the first report of complex bifurcation and manyfold hysteresis phenomena in the physics behind a pair of sails set in a flow of two dimensions. The formalism is based on inviscid vorticity theory, and the basic equations consist of a pair of integro-differential equations subject to a pair of nonlinear integral constraints. The method of solution is built up with the boundary element method for the integro-differential equations as well as the Newton–Raphson method for parameter search by use of the nonlinear integral constraints. Three types of configurations are considered as case studies on effects due to overlapping of the jib sail upon the main sail. Numerical analyses predict three sets of solutions: The convex-convex sail shapes, the concave-convex sail shapes, and the concave-concave sail shapes as well as two- or threefold hysteresis in aerodynamic and structural characteristics. Experimental observations confirm the existence of all the three solution sets, and moreover another set, the...


The performance of PV system under non uniform irradiance and partial shading condition is analyzed with help of conventional perturb and observe method and improved Incremental Resistance algorithm. The outputs are generated using MATLAB/SIMLUNK. Partial Shading of modules is given importance in this work. The Perturb and observe method is evaluated along with fuzzy controller and the output of the system is compared with Incremental Resistance method. The system with fuzzy logic controller was found to be more efficient and attains stability much faster than any other controller. But the power output of system with INR method was found to be more stable and with boosted value. The comparison of the two MPPT schemes is done in this paper and the performance of the schemes is analyzed.


With the rapid development of economic globalization, the stock markets in China and the US are increasingly linked. The fluctuation features and cross-correlations of the two countries' markets have attracted extensive attention from market investors and researchers. In this paper, the fractal analysis methods including multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) and coupled detrended cross-correlation analysis (CDCCA) are applied to explore the volatilities of CSI300 and SP500 sector stock indexes as well as the cross-correlations and coupling cross-correlations between the two corresponding sector stock indexes. The results show that the auto-correlations, cross-correlations and coupling cross-correlations have multifractal fluctuation characteristics, and that the cross-correlations are asymmetric. Additionally, the coupling cross-correlation strengths are distinct due to the different influence of long-range correlations and fat-tailed distribution. Further, the co-movement between China and the US sector stock markets is susceptible to external market factors such as major economic events and national policies.


With the rise of the so-called 'Future of Europe Debate' and the intensified deliberations about the democratic legitimacy of the (enlarged) European Union, national parliamentary scrutiny has become a prominent topic in both European Studies and in political practice. As a result, several mechanisms for improving and strengthening parliamentary ex ante participation have been introduced throughout the 1990s in the EU-15. At the same time, both scholars and EU officials point to the continued compliance deficit of member states with EU law. This is particularly true with regard to the implementation of EC directives, in which national parliaments are often directly or indirectly involved. However, only little attempts have been made so far to link the ex ante and the ex post role of national parliaments and to specify the conditions under which the presumed "input"-legitimacy provided by parliamentary participation in the decision-making stage is translated into "output"-legitimacy resulting in compliance with policy outputs and effective implementation of legal measures.


Flexible liquid spacecraft is a rigid-liquid-flexible couple vehicle with variable parameters and model uncertainty.Investigated a neural network output variable structure control algorithm and applied it to the attitude control of spacecraft under orbit fast transfer.And then the control system was simulated for the perturbation torque and model uncertainty.Simulation results indicate that the spacecraft can arrive at the required attitude state quickly with good stability and high accuracy.The controller is robust and can stabilize the vibration of flexible appendix and fuel.


1. A prospective clinical study of nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in premature infants included 187 infants, of whom 100 had hyperbilirubinemia above 18 mg/100 ml and 87 had bilirubin levels never in excess of 15 mg/100 ml. In a random fashion, the infants with hyperbilirubinemia were divided evenly and either received replacement transfusions or did not.
 2. Of the 50 infants in the exchange transfusion group, bilirubin levels were adequately controlled in 48 infants. There was no mortality associated with the exchange transfusion procedure. After 1 year, there does not appear to be any definite evidence of kernicterus in this group.
 3. In the no-exchange group, 10 of the 50 infants had levels of bilirubin over 24 mg/ 100 ml for more than 48 hours. Of these, 1 developed fatal kernicterus. Eight of the other 9 infants, whose bilirubin values exceeded 24 mg/100 ml, and 32 of the original 40, whose bilirubin levels were over 18 but below 24 mg/100 ml, were examined neurologically after 1 year. No evidence of kernicterus was found.
 4. Seventy-five of the 87 control infants were also examined neurologically after 1 year and none had evidence of kernicterus.
 5. The evidence to date suggests that exchange transfusions in the management of non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia of the premature not associated with clinical factors which may enhance the development of kernicterus such as asphyxia, hypoproteinemia, sepsis, etc., need not be performed for unconjugated bilirubin values under 24 mg/100 ml. We believe that infants who will develop bilirubin levels in excess of 24 mg/100 ml may be anticipated if their plasma values exceed 20 mg/100 ml between 73 to 96 hours of age or 22 mg/100 ml between 96 and 120 hours.
 6. The validity of these conclusions is dependent upon the long-term follow-up of these infants.


Lithium–sulfur batteries have aroused great interest in the context of rechargeable batteries, while the shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics severely handicap their development. Defect engineering, which can adjust the electronic structures of electrocatalyst, and thus affect the surface adsorption and catalytic process, has been recognized as a good strategy to solve the above problems. However, research on phosphorus vacancies has been rarely reported, and how phosphorus vacancies affect battery performance remains unclear. Herein, CoP with phosphorus vacancies (CoP‐Vp) is fabricated to study the enhancement mechanism of phosphorus vacancies in Li–S chemistry. The derived CoP‐Vp features a low Co‐P coordination number and the introduced phosphorus vacancies mainly exist in the form of clusters. The obtained CoP‐Vp can reinforce the affinity to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and thus the shuttle effect can be restrained. In addition, the reduced reaction energy barriers and the promoted diffusion of Li+ can accelerate redox kinetics. Electrochemical tests and in situ Raman results confirm the advantages of phosphorus vacancies. The S/CNT‐CoP‐Vp electrode presents outstanding cycling performance and achieves a high capacity of 8.03 mAh cm−2 under lean electrolyte condition (E/S = 5 μLE mg−1S). This work provides a new insight into improving the performance of Li–S batteries through defect engineering.


Obviously, we face an economic crisis that dominates the headlines of daily newspapers, academic journals and features as the title of TV-and-radio casts alike. And, not withstanding political differences, there is widespread consensus that the economic crisis is only the tip of an iceberg. However, there is little readiness to go beyond the inherited fundamental assumptions of a "modern industrial capitalist market society†. The article argues that all the categories are increasingly under threat. The social quality, the quality of life and the noosphere paradigm of global social development offer space for considerations that question societal developments not only on the phenomenological level. Instead, the authors ventilate gnoseological, ontological and axiological prerequisites of sustainable global social development. The noosphere paradigm is enriched with the theories of social quality and the quality of life, thus contributing to the wider and diverse debates on what can be called people's humanistic socialism. In view of the complexity of the impending transition from the present to a future global society with people's humanistic socialism, it is necessary to plan it thoroughly, beginning with the support of the processes and institutions that currently provide a seedbed; developing new transformational forms of the future features of global society has to go hand in hand with this. It makes sense to carry on with the conceptualization of questions bearing on the formation of nooshpheric social quality and its design.


In her first novel The Bluest Eye,Toni.Morrison elaberates the theme of the story with "the blue eye"(the white culture),and reveals the main causes of the black girl Peccoro's tragedy.The symbols of the novel not only depict the theme of the author's writing,but also turn out to be important clues to the plot and changeble development of the whole story.And they make the theme of the novel contain more profound social canotations.


In 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz founded the Kenneth B. Schwartz Center Foundation whose mission is to promote compassion in health care. One of the Center's most popular initiatives is the Schwartz Center Rounds, a multidisciplinary forum where medical professionals come together to discuss and process the difficult emotional issues that can arise in patient care. This article briefly describes implementation of Schwartz Center Rounds at a VA hospital, summarizes findings from a study that examines Rounds' outcomes, discusses their utility in providing support for palliative care professionals, and provides lessons learned for others who may want to consider Rounds' implementation.


The optimum formula fermented by Bifidobacteria and Lactobacteria together was optimized by orthogonal experiment in this paper. The optimal fermentation condition were obtained, which involved 35℃ fermentation temperature, pH 7.2, the optimum composition for the fermentation medium was: yeast extract 0.9%, tryptone 0.6%, soy peptone 0.3%, glucose 2.5%, bifidus factor(fructo-oligose) 0.3%, growth factor 5%. Cultivated in 10L and 100L fermentor under the optimal fermentation condition the viable counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus reached up to 109CFU/mL, which can absolutely meet the needs of the industrialization.


542 of 2538 clinical records of admissions to a General Medicine Division in the two-year period 1985-1986 regarding a population of over-eighties have been examined. Personal, clinical, hematochemical and instrumental details were collected, processed and commented, comparing them with the same data obtained in the general population of the same age.


The purpose of the work was to determine the impact of the modification of a textile substrate by using a laser beam on the susceptibility of textile products to pilling. The nondestructive method of optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate the tendency to form an unsightly ball of fibers or knots. A positive effect of laser processing on the decreasing number of slacken individual threads protruding above the surface of the fabric was observed, and as a result the reduction of the created pills.


Pore Size is one of the most important characterization parameter,which directly affects the membrane separation performance.According to the principle of error transfer,the components of uncertainty in the measurement of maximum pore size of polypropylene hollow fiber microfiltration membrane were analyzed.Expanded uncertainty and the main factors on uncertainty in measurement result were obtained.


Service robots could provide benefits for hotels in terms of productivity and even service quality. However, hotel managers in Spain (and Europe) have not implemented them as yet or are doing so only tentatively. This could be due to the fact that current literature is fragmented (i.e., dominated by hybrid models) and inconclusive and does not provide consistent guidelines for practitioners. This research narrows this gap by showing that a parsimonious application of the Theory of Planned Behavior is useful to predict attitude and buying intention toward robot-served hotels. Through an empirical analysis of 600 consumers in Spain, our findings indicate that hotel managers could focus on intrinsic motivations (enjoyment and challenge). They should also communicate the advantages of hybrid human–robot teams, in which the robots supplement humans instead of substituting them. The anthropomorphism of robots should not be emphasized as it seems to be perceived as a threat. Although utilitarian benefits matter, they seem to have a subordinate salience.


allele at the TNFA gene was associated with positive response to anti-TNF-a drugs. Frequencies of the C allele in responsive and non-responsive groups were 80.9% and 61.7%, respectively. The results of our study showed the same trend: frequencies of the C allele in responsive and non-responsive groups were 84.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The difference between the two studies lies in the TNF-a inhibitors used. Vasilopoulos et al. used three drugs, namely etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab, whereas we used only the latter two drugs because etanercept is not available for psoriasis in Japan. They showed that the TNFA –857C allele was strongly associated with positive response to etanercept but not to infliximab or adalimumab. If we had used TNF blockers including etanercept in this study, it might have influenced the results. In addition, because the findings in this study are based on small sample sizes, further validation studies of those variants are necessary.


Tomato families originated from the processing tomato breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Uberlandia were evaluated and selected and compared to the performance with the most planted hybrids in Patos de Minas, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the E. E. Barreiro, Unilever Bestfoods, in Patos de Minas. Thirty tomato families and the hybrids Heinz 9553, Heinz 7155N2 and Hypeel 108 were used. Experimental plots consisted of two lines, each one 10 m long, spaced 0,5 m from each other and irrigated with drip irrigation. The space between each double row was 1,3 m and the population of 27 thousand plants per hectare. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four repetitions, installed on 05/19/01. The paste yield showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with total fruit yield, commercial fruit yield, percentage of total soluble solids, juice coloration, number of mature fruits per plant and pH and negative correlation with the total titled acidity. Best results were observed in the family UFU 06 and in the commercial hybrids.


During the evaluation and determination of work efficiency of traffic organization scheme
the first stage is carrying out transport research. In this work method of field observation is
given, which is carried out by method of operational traffic movement accounting and simulation
modeling in software environment VISSIM, which is used for checking the adequacy of
experimental measurement results.


The paper provides information on the production methods used in the pine turpentine industry, the availability of the pine turpentine on the world market and an estimate on the capacity for production growth. This estimate is based on the existing figures for softwood production around the world and does not take into account the tremendous capacity for expansion, if the pine turpentine finds its market place as a transport fuel. Next, the paper provides an overview of the main concepts for development of bio-refineries, focussing on the bio-oil and bio-char concepts.  The concept of bio-turpentine refinery that is introduced in this paper applies the basic organising principles of the bio refineries to the needs of the pine turpentine industry. The final part of the paper is a discussion on the technical, economic and ethical advantages of the pine turpentine as a transport fuel over an important contestant on the bio-fuel market – the biodiesel


The rise of China and the pollution in China have been two intertwined images of the 21st century. One of the challenges that China's foreign policy faces in the 21st century revolves around its leadership in global and regional environmental initiatives. The policy shift on climate change at the 2016 Paris Climate Summit and the personal negotiations of Presidents Xi Jinping and Barack Obama showed a willingness to work cooperatively with the United States on achieving global goals toward limiting climate change. For China, the abrupt announcement of the Trump Administration that it is leaving the Paris Accord is an opportunity to assume a leadership role in climate policy.
Seizing this opportunity, however, must also deal with China's major program – the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).


In order to change the backward situation of country and explore the development path of China,Fei Xiaotong had formed a mature country industrialization thought even since his early life.The thought resulted from his careful consideration on Chinese society,especially country society,was quite feasible and rational.It was in one continuous line with Fei Xiaotong's small town thought and area development thought,and stood on a key point in his ideological system.His country industrialization thought played an important role in introducing and developing the small town thought,while both the development of township enterprises and the flow of population were significant connection points of these two kinds of thought.Fei Xiaotong's attention to the development of regional economy and his countermeasures to regional differences were subordinate to country industrialization thought.


In the spring of 1955, questionnaires (requesting information concerning modern foreign language offerings in 1955–56, foreign language entrance and degree requirements, and foreign language faculty) were sent to 281 undergraduate institutions accredited for teacher training.1 All replied, but in some cases catalogues were consulted to supplement or clarify questionnaire data. For this survey the institutions were grouped into three homogeneous categories: (A) independent teachers colleges (108 four-year institutions whose names specify a teacher-training purpose and which are not constituents of a university2); (B) university schools of education (72 four-year institutions, variously designated as schools of education, colleges of education, or, rarely, teachers colleges, which are constituents of a community of colleges and professional schools); (C) other colleges accredited for teacher-training (101 four-year institutions which seem to emphasize a liberal arts or technical program, but also feature approved courses of study for teacher-candidates).


In this paper we present a robust approach for the estimation of the inertial parameters of a robotic manipulator. This approach takes into account the uncertainty in the regression model obtained via the Newton-Euler equations of the robot, and computes an ellipsoid of confidence for the unknown parameters using semidefinite programming (SDP). The obtained information is then exploited in a robust control scheme for the manipulator. Results relative to a two-link planar manipulator are included in the paper.


Carbonation is one of the mains causes of reinforced concrete damage. It leads to decrease the pH of the concrete pore solution and to CaCO3 formation from the reaction between CO2 and cement hydrates. The mechanisms of carbonation are complex in low-clinker cementitious materials. At a given age, the hydration degree in low-clinker cementitious materials is reduced compared to CEM I materials which is due to the slower reaction of mineral additives and leads to the underdevelopped of microstructure. Therefore, the coupling between hydration, drying and carbonation at early age needs to be analysed, in order to understand and predict the durability of low-clinker cementitious materials. In this work, the coupled process leads to a faster drying of GGBS cement paste at early age compared to CEM I case. However, this trend changes when the GGBS reactions occur that are confirmed by the MIP results. Similar carbonation depth at early age are observed but a a lower carbonation degree suggests a lower difusivity and a finer microstructure for GGBS paste.


We investigate the problem about the reason for the significant sub-centurial (50-55 and 60-65 yr) and quasi-centurial (120-130 yr) climatic oscillations. The 50-55 and 60-65 yr cycles are clearly detectable in numerous global and regional climatic parameters, i.e. in the temperatures of the Northern Hemisphere and World Ocean surface, in the tree rings widths, in the atmosphere concentration of CO2, etc. Searching for analogues of these cycles in the solar activity we study the connections between various types of solar, geophysical and climatic cycles. In this Paper I we analyze time series of residual variations of the Northern Hemisphere (AD 1610-1979) and World Ocean surface (AD 1856- 1995) temperatures in respect to the corresponding regression models "sunspot activity - temperature". We use the Group Sunspot Number (GSN) as sunspot activity proxy and confirm the existence of well pronounced 50-55, 60-67 and �118 yr cycles in the solar activity and temperature variations. In Paper II we will show the existence of powerful 60- 65 yr cycle in the middle latitudes auroras and sub-centurial variations in the concentration of the Greenland and Antarctic "cosmogenic" 10 Be. In Paper III we will summarize the evidences that the reason of these climatic oscillations are probably processes occurring in the solar corona. Unlike the overall solar activity and the total solar irradiance variations, the high level of these processes leads to a climate cooling, while their low levels correspond to climate warming.


An information inquiry system was developed under AUTOCAD 2002.The Drafting Handbook of Ma- chine Design was input as a HELP filing into HELP library of AUTOCAD 2002.When the designer uses the AUTOCAD to make the engineering design,he or she may use many functions such as pull down menu,searching and book mark- ing directly in order to inquire the corresponding information of the above meationed drafting handbook quickly and ac- curately,so as to improve the efficiency of engineering design.In the paper,the development process of this inquiry system;the ideas of its comporents and the (?)ncrete implementation.


The oscillator circuit of a quartz crystal timepiece is provided with a tuning capacitor device consisting of a stepped variable capacitor and a continuously variable capacitor connected in parallel with each other and in series with said quartz crystal.


After the concept was introduced by John von Neumann in the forties, owing to its computacional power, cellular automata based architectures have been extensively explored by the scientific community to study the characteristics, parameters and behaviour through simulation of dynamic complex systems, natural and artifical phenomena, and for computational processing. Concerning the systems of high degree of complexity, cellular automata software implementations usually have a high computational cost and lead to long simulations. So, dedicated or reconfigurable hardware solutions are sought in order to accelerate significantly the simulation process. Because of its inherent spacial parallelism, locality and discrete nature, cellular automata are naturally mapped onto the regular architecture of a FPGA organized in configurable logic blocks. In this dissertation, it is proposed to implement a system to automatically generate cellular automata architectures on FPGA, the caracteristics and rules of which are specified by the system user through a support software application that also allows to control the operation, initialize and read the state of the cellular automata. The implementations were done on Xilinx's Spartan6 family FPGA, model XC6SLX45, operating at a frequency of 66 MHz. The final results showed that it is possible to achieve a speed-up of 181, for an implementation of John Conway's Game of Life, when compared to software simulations performed on a Intel Core 2 Quad Q9400 machine running at 2,66 GHz with approximately 4 GB of RAM. In hardware, the maximal generated dimensions were 56x56, 72x72, 72x72, 40x40 cells for the implementation of the Game of Life, lattice gases automata and simplified versions of the forest-fire model and Greenberg-Hastings cellular automata, respectively.


Using a nonsingular hypersurface that is not only asymptotically null, the authors prove the existence of spinor fields that yield a positive expression for the Bondi mass. Standard existence theorems based on compact hypersurfaces are applied.


A Cochrane Database analysis of randomized trials, comparing routine use with restrictive episiotomy policy indicates that the latter is associated with less posterior perineal trauma, less suturing but with more anterior perineal trauma (Carroli and Belizan 2000). Cochrane Database reviews analyze randomized trials and present evidence-based medicine. As such, it does not address measuring outcomes of medical practice. Measuring outcomes of medical practice may sometimes lead to a different conclusion than the one that arises from analysis of randomized trials (Epstein 1990). The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a change in policy of performing episiotomy; namely from routine application to selective intervention.


Agricultural cooperatives have undergone significant consolidation in recent years. Identifying firms with a potential to improve performance via merging requires an examination of financial performance of those firms relative to firms of similar and larger sizes. This study develops a set of financial performance measures relative to firm size to identify cooperatives with the greatest potential to improve performance from merging. The suggested approach is applied in a case study for two pilot groups of Kansas cooperatives slated as merger candidates. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.


Analysis of NBC"s nine-hour coverage of diving at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was carried out to determine if gender bias would be found in announcer commentary. Both primetime and non-primetime coverage was examined to see if the amount of time devoted to diving was biased toward male or female divers". Billings" (2007) coding scheme was used to determine whether differences existed in the way NBC commentators described male and female divers performance during these Olympics. Descriptive phrases used by NBC commentators were coded independently by two coders. An advisor was used when coders disagreed on placement of descriptors in Billings coding scheme. Only descriptors that two out of three coders agreed on were used (n = 1,231) to ensure intercoder reliability. No significant difference was found regarding the amount of coverage devoted to the diving performance of men and women. However, commentators were more likely to discuss male divers" experience levels more than those of female divers during non-primetime hours. These results suggest that gender bias in NBC commentator dialogues during diving competition has diminished some since the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.


This review is based on publications from December, 1977, to December, 1978. We have considered earlier publications only when it was necessary for a better understanding of the present ones. In some cases, preprints of work to be published in the near future, which some groups have sent to us, have been considered. With regard to the different molecular mechanisms of action of photodynamically active compounds, this report will be divided into two parts considering: (1) Papers of the photodynamic action with furocournarins and related compounds, and (2) new publications about the photodynamic action with other dyes, mainly acridines and thiopyronine.


The effect of annealing at <EQ 1000 K under enhanced argon pressure, HP, up to 1.6 GPa on photoluminescence, PL, and electrical properties of Cz-Si was investigated. The PL lines, related to presence of thermal donors, TDs, were detected at 2 K at (1.08 - 1.09) eV for the samples with interstitial oxygen concentration, co, in the (8 - 11) X 1017 cm-3 range, treated at 720 K - HP, whereas at 300 K the PL band at about 0.79 eV was observed. The 0.79 eV PL band intensity increased with co but decreased with HP; the treatment at HP - 720 K for 10 h of the samples with before-created TDs also resulted in decreased intensity of the 0.79 eV band PL at 0.9 eV was observed at 2 K for the sample pre-annealed at 1000 K and afterwards pressure-treated at 920 K - 1.6 GPa, whereas at 300 K, this sample indicated the broad Pl peak at 0.86 eV. Presence of `additional' defects in Cz-Si (introduced by hydrogen implantation) caused suppression of PL after annealing at 720 K -105/1.2 X 109 Pa for 10 h, whereas the hydrogen plasma etched samples indicated detectable band-to-band PL at about 1.1 eV. Qualitative explanation of observed effects was proposed.


The effect of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions on the atmosphere, environment, and human health are not well understood due to a lack of information about emissions, transport, and fate. Ammonia in the atmosphere reacts to form fine aerosols which impact human health and its deposition has serious environmental impacts. Sulfate and nitrate in the atmosphere will react with NH3 to form particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) which is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric NH3 is animal excreta. Dairy cows are the largest per animal emission source due to the large energy requirements of milk production. Short-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) was used to measure NH3 concentrations, and an area source tracer ratio technique was used to calculate emission fluxes. Measurements were made from the housing area, waste lagoons, and sprinkler application. Emissions models were developed to understand the physical processes and local transport of NH3. Housing emission fluxes for the summer averaged 8.1 ± 5.2 mg cow-1 s-1 at 18° C average temperature. The housing model had an error of ± 30% when compared to measured concentrations. Lagoon emission fluxes ranged from 30 μg m-2 s-1 at an air temperature of 11° C to 150 μg m-2 s-1 at an air temperature of 27° C. The lagoon model had an error of ± 21%. Slurry application emissions from the sprinkler were 18% of the slurry ammonia-N concentration. The initial measured flux from the field was 47 μg m-2 s-1 and this decreased to 17 μg m-2 s-1 during the experiment due to slurry infiltration into the soil. Annual emissions based upon theoretical models estimate emissions to be 130 kg NH3 cow-


The digital transition of the AEC sector is a requirement for all professionals involved in, for this reason the topic of Representation strengthens the centrality of its role related to different involved field, thanks to data interoperability. BIM is the methodology that enables the sharing of graphical and alphanumerical information among different professionals. The developed methodology fitted during these years is described for several projects, and it is always composed by three phases: survey and documental research; digital modelling and data interpretation; data exploitation through interoperability. BIM process still does not reach an optimized interoperability level, but this represent the added value of technological innovation for construction industry, as a tool for information sharing.


This research explains the principles of good Christian education in Zacatecas from 1895 to 1905. In this period, the Church and Catholic militants assumed a liberal political stance to protect themselves from the State's secularizing onslaught. To do this, they developed the socio-political movement of neo-Christianity. The project had several pillars: press, theater, schools, labor organizations, political groups, and associations of various kinds (e.g., pious, moralizing, literary, and so forth). A part of these social activities was focused on protecting the poor and a good Christian education; the primary purpose was to dignify the human condition with work instruction and the strengthening of perfect morality and order through religious, personal, and social civility. In this Christian model, the Catholic child is a promoter of moral change in the domestic and public environment. In Zacatecas city, the priest Jose Anastasio Diaz Lopez, in the neighborhood of "La Estacion del Ferrocarril," began in 1891 the formation of the "Congregacion de las Hijas del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus y Santa Maria de Guadalupe," to spread the Piarists-school and good Christian education. To compensate for poverty and offer a home to poor children, he established an asylum and promoted an apostolate from 1895 to 1905. At the institution, first letters education and instruction for work were given in workshops of different trades. In methodological terms, with the historiography of the social history of education, the political and educational context that rises from the secularization and secularism of the State was addressed. Furthermore, with primary sources, the religious congregation's creation, the Piarists-schools' opening is described. Moreover, the asylum for children and the basis of the pedagogy of prevention and the perception of good Christian behavior in religious, personal, and social civility norms were analyzed.


This paper presents main data from both oedometer tests and triaxial tests on Hong Kong Marine Clay (HKMC) and a mixture of bentonite-silica. The oedometer tests include (i) multi-staged loading tests with unloading/reloading and enough time for creep and swelling in 1D straining and (ii) step-changed constant rate of strain compression tests with unloading/reloading in 1D straining as well. The triaxial tests include K o -consolidated undrained compression or extension tests with constant (or stepped changed) strain rates. This paper will discuss the time effects and rate effects with a special attention to the non-linear and elastic visco-plastic behavior. Based on the test data presented above, this paper presents a brief review of the works of elastic visco-plastic (EVP) modelling of the time-dependent stress-strain behaviour of soils in one-dimensional straining (1D) and in 3D stress state. A few important concepts and their physical meanings are explained. The 1D EVP model is briefly reviewed with a comparison with the classic Maxwell's rheological model. It is found that Yin and Graham's 1D EVP model is an extension of Maxwell's rheological model for considering the nonlinear behaviour of soils. The recent extension of the EVP modelling framework to consider the swelling of a saturated soil is introduced. A 3D EVP model is also introduced and discussed. A nonlinear creep function proposed by the author is presented. This function has been used in refined 1D and 3D EVP models. It is concluded that the time and rate effects of clayey soils shall be considered in a suitable constitutive model.


Growth kinetics of Streptomyces erythreus were studied and mathematical equations developed to model the results. Computer simulations gave good agreement with experimental data. Owing to the use of complex media direct measurement of biomass was impossible. It was therefore evaluated by measurement of α, ϵ-LL-diamin-opimelic acid in cell walls, or by determining the reciprocal of the methylene blue reduction time.


The norm of group interest dictates that group members should consider the interests of their group. We propose that individual variability in adherence to this norm accounts for intergroup attitudes and behavior. Study 1 developed a measure for the norm of group interest, and found that adherence to the norm predicted evaluations of the outgroup independent of group identification and collective self-esteem. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that the norm of group interest increased competitive behavior only when a competitive group norm was salient, but not when a cooperative norm was salient. These findings highlight the importance of both the norm of group interest and group norms to understanding attitudes and behavior in the intergroup context.


Recently airborne SAR at very high frequencies, such as X- and Ku-bands, has been widely studied for many applications. In these studies, the backscatter properties at different frequencies have been well discussed. However, these properties of the urban objects and structures have not been sufficiently discussed yet. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the difference of Ku- and X-band SAR intensity of the man-made objects. Multi-frequency simultaneous airborne SAR observation from the same platform under the same condition enables to evaluate subtle difference of backscatter intensity from the periodic structures. This experiment shows that strong backscatter reflectivity of periodic structures is observed under the influence of Bragg scatter. The effect that the periodicity of the surface structures make a difference in multi-frequency SAR reflectance needs to be considered in SAR analysis especially for building structures in urban areas.


1. Abstract Myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia is a kind of unusual hematological malignancy. Back in the morphological diagnosis era, the prognosis was generally poor and the best treatment for these cases was allo-stem cell transplantation. According to the classification of eosinophilic diseases revised in the 2008 WHO scheme of myeloid neoplasms and reaffirmed in 2016, more detailed cytogenetic rearrangement and molecular mutations were included in the diagnosis and treatment algorithm. Here we report a case with a rare rearrangement of PDGFRB, further demonstrated with a TPM3-PDGFRB fusion gene, leading to myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and responding greatly to imatinib treatment. As the N-terminal of TPM3 could be auto-dimerized, the TPM3-PDGFRB fusion protein appeared as dimer, mediating the excessive activation of the PDGFRB signal pathway. Since given genetic disorders were targetable with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, despite of the low mutated rate, the early and precise detection of the possible genetic abnormality is extremely significant in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. 2. Introduction Eosinophilia was seen in multiple occasions. It is defined as the absolute eosinophils counts was more than 500/mm3 in the peripheral blood. Based on the upregulated reason, the eosinophilia could be assigned into three groups, which are reactive, clonal (primary) and idiopathic eosinophilia. For the reactive eosinophilia, in which condition the eosinophils appear with normal morphology and are multiclonal, is usually a reactive response to infections like tissue-invasive parasites or allergic conditions [1]. Regarding to the clonal eosinophilia, it belongs to myeloid neoplasm according to the revised 2016 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasm. Based on the existence of specific molecular mutation, Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2, Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified [2]. Previously, this neoplasm was cited as an aggressive disease with a median overall survival of less than 2 years. However, after the universal initiation of imatinib as standard therapy, a recent study reported 10-year overall survival of 90% [3]. As certain molecular abnormalities were closely related to targeted therapy, the early and precise diagnosis was urgent to be made. 3. Case Presentation A 21-year-old young man with abdominal pain for a month, accompanied with fever and ostalgia. On examination, he had massive splenomegaly. He has no family history of hematologic disorders. His laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC) showed hemoglobin of 103g/L, a platelet count of 77*109/L, and a leukocyte count of 68.25*109/L with segmented neutrocyte 44%, lymphocyte 8%, monocyte 5%, eosinophilic granulocyte 38%, early young grain 2%, neutral medium grain 2%, neutral late young grain 1%. Additional workup showed elevated iron stores (Ferritin 433.2ng/ml), markedly increased vitamin B12 level (>1500 pg/ mL). Abdominal imaging confirmed massive splenomegaly. PET/


In our country,many realistic problems occurred in the circulation of land contract in rural areas operation power,such as market system imperfect,controversy of circulation pattern,lack of normalization.These problems come from the imperfection of Rural Land Property,faultiness of land statute,uncompleted social security system.Therefore it is necessary to reform the existing land property rights system,improve land acquisition legal norms,establishing a complete rural social security system.


Surjective maps which preserve commutativity relation on matrices over algebraically closed fields are classified. Unlike previous results on commutativity preservers, it is assumed that maps preserve commutativity only in one direction and have no additional structure like additivity. Our techniques combine graph theory, linear algebra and projective geometry.


The eigenwaves diffraction problem in a plane waveguide by strips is considered. Strips are placed in the same plane. Waveguide is filled by non-ideal dielectric. The operator approach in combination with the spectral-domain approach is used. Paired integral equations for single strip are solved by the spectral-domain approach. The structure's properties in the whole with finite number of discontinuities are obtained by the operator approach by use the reflection and transmission operators of single strip. Dependencies of reflection and transmission coefficients as a function of strip length and distance between strips are represented. They allow to determine passbands and stopbands. The properties of such structures allow to create frequency selection devices with high level of parameters.


We argue that if the message expansion code of SHA-1 is replaced by a linear code with a better minimum distance, then the resulting hash function is collision resistant. To support this argument, we characterize the disturbance vectors which are used to build local collision attacks as a linear code. This linear code is the xor-sum of two codes, the message expansion code and a linear code representing the underlying block cipher in SHA-1. We also show that the following constraint satisfaction problem is NP-hard. The constraints are restricted to being XOR constraints, or Majority constraints on at most three variables each. The instances are further restricted by requiring that the constraints can be listed in a sequence C 1 ; C 2 ; ; C m , such that for every constraint C i , two of the variables in it occur only in constraints C j , with jj ? ij < 48. This problem is similar to the problem modeling the one-way function property of SHA-1.


RS CVn systems [1] are close binaries consisting of two late-type stars, one of which has evolved to the base of the giant branch. In most cases, the systems appear to be the product of normal stellar evolutionary processes [2,3]. These systems have attracted much recent attention because they exhibit greatly exaggerated stellar activity in the form of strong chromospheric emission [1]. There is evidence that a large fraction of the surface is covered by dark spots [4]. They also exhibit radio emission [5,6], and quiescent and flaring soft X-ray emission [7-12]. If these stars are undergoing normal evolution, why then are they so peculiar?


It is shown that certain "backward" boundary layers exist which exhibit an algebraic behaviour near the outer edge, but which still predict the correct wall conditions along an extended part of the boundary. This seems to be in contradiction with common knowledge which has it that such boundary-layer solutions can apply only at singular points in the flow field. However, the paper shows that the very same methods that prove the limited applicability of "algebraic" boundary layers in forward flows (flows with a definite leading edge) can be used to ascertain the extended applicability of such solutions in "backward" flows (when the leading edge recedes to stations infinitely far upstream).


New alkyltriethoxysilanes were synthesized by condensing aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) with different aldehydes. These polysiloxane precursors containing an azomethine Junction enable layer preparation via the sol-gel process. Their conversion were followed by " Si and C NMR spectroscopy. The layers were characterized by IR, ATR and XPS. Introduction For the preparation of catalytic active layers the sol-gel technology has become a well established method during the last years [1], Often tetraalkoxysilanes were used as precursors. Addition of different organic molecules into the sol may finally lead to functionalized gel layers [2]. An alternative way to obtain functionalized gel layers is the use of alkyltriethoxysilanes R'Si(OC2H5)3 containing reactive moieties like amino, azomethine or hydroxy groups at the substituent R'. Reactions of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) with bulky organic molecules can be applied to prepare gel layers [3], Some alkoxysilanes which carry an azomethine bond lead to a polymeric material after a thermal treatment under vacuum [4], Such precursors are also able to create new layer building properties at room temperature. The hydrolysis of the azomethine bond and subsequent reactions allow the incorporation of different functional groups in the gel layer. In such a way an internal functionalization of resulting gel layers may be targeted. The combination of such precursors with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) offers routes to new materials with interesting properties. Materials and Methods Preparation of azomethine precursors For azomethine synthesis APTS was reacted with 1 mol benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihyaroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or acetylacetone in 200 ml toluene (3,4-dihydroxvbenzaldehyde in tetrahydrofurane respectively). After addition of molecular sieve 3 A (to bind reaction water) 1 mol APTS in 150 ml toluene were added dropwise. After 2 days stirring the mixture was filtrated over Cellite (Fa. Merck) and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo (130 Pa). Preparation of sols The sols of alkyltriethoxysilanes were prepared by a one-step method [5], Alkyltriethoxysilane, ethanol, water and hydrochloric acid were stirred in the molar ratio 1 mol / 9 mol / 15 mol / 0.004 mol for 36 h. To prepare mixed sols both 1 mol TEOS as well as 0.1 mol alkyltriethoxysilane were dissolved each in 6 mol ethanol. After mixing these two solutions 18 mol H 2 0 were added. Alternatively a sol was prepared from 1 mol TEOS, 13 mol C2H5OH and 16 mol H 2 0 which were prehydrolyzed 45 min and 0.1 to 0.2 mol alkyltriethoxysilane were added dropwise. To get the gel layer glass or cellulose acetate substrates were dipped into the different sols. The resulting gels were dried and stored at room temperature. Characterization of precursors and gel layers NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE DPX 400 at 79.495 MHz with inverse gate decoupling for " Si or at 100.62 MHz for 1 C using 10 mm Teflon sample tubes. Tetramethylsilane was applied as external reference and chromium (III) acetylacetonate as relaxation reagent. There were no differences in chemical shift or signal intensity compared to measurements without this paramagnetic substance. The magnetic field was locked on the resonance of the CDC13. Si solid state NMR spectra of the dried gels were recorded at 59.63 MHz and 75.47 MHz on a Bruker MSL 300 using a 7 mm BB MAS-probehead (rotation frequency 5 kHz) and zircon rotors.


Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are the fourth most economically important berry in the world. Its consumption responds to the existing interest on the
 antixodant compounds contained in its fruits and that are benefitial to human health. The production of blueberries is affected by water and salinity stress. Knowning the agronomic responses
 of this crop to stress helps to design actions for its handling. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of water and salinity stress on the agronomic variables of blueberry plants.
 As dryness and salinity increase, the growth of plants and the yield of blueberry fruits are reduced. To test this hypothesis, one-year old plants were exposed to water and salinity stress,
 in a hydroponic system, using tezontle as a substrate and a modified Steiner universal nutrient solution. The following variables were measured: dry matter of the root, stem, leaf and fruit,
 foliar area, root length, and height (plant), and specific weight, and equatorial and longitudinal diameters (fruit). A randomized complete block design was used and the treatments were: 1)
 control, with the 100 % of the daily demand of water and with an osmotic potential (PO) of ?0.027 MPa; 2) salinity stress, with two PO levels (?0.041 and ?0.054 MPa), both with 100 % of the
 daily demand of water; 3) water stress, with 33 % (H33) and 66 % (H66) of the daily demand of water, with a PO of ?0.027 MPa. ANOVA was used to analyze the results and the means were compared
 using a Tukey test (p?0.05). There were four repetitions -with 20 experimental units, and three plants per each experimental unit- which were used to analyze the results. There were
 statistical differences (p?0.05), as a result of salinity stress in the root length variables and in all variables in the treatments with water stress. Results indicate that blueberry plants
 are sensitive to water and salinity stress, which have a negative effect on the growth of this species. However, water stress has a greater impact on the growth and production of blueberry
 plants, unlike salinity stress, which can increase the size of the fruit when applying an osmotic potential equal to ?0.41 MPa.


Authors present a case of congenital sarcoma discovered by ultrasound at 30 weeks of pregnancy. The tumour was shown projecting from the anterior neck, well limited and measured 12 X 12 X 8 cm associated with maternal hydramnios. Pregnancy was terminated. Patho-histological finding was a spindle cell sarcoma of the neck and mandibular region. Discussion is about clinical, ultrasound-diagnostic and morphological aspect of this rare entity.


Abstract Killing a clover sward for subsequent use of the area for grain production results in conditions favourable for denitrification. The large quantity of readily available carbon (C) stimulates microbial respiration which in tum causes the anaerobic conditions needed for denitrification. A wbite clover (Trifolium repens L.) sward containing 10 500 kg/ha of above- and below-ground biomass and 250 kg/ha of nitrogen (N) was killed by mouldboard plougbing, rotary boeing, shallow tillage, or with a berbicide. Soil samples were taken periodically to determine the accumulation of NH4Nand NO3-N. Cbambers were formed by driving 25 × 40 em metal frames 10 cm into the soil and covering with rigid sheets of clear plastic. Acetylene (C2H22) was injected into these chambers to achieve a 5–10% concentration in the headspace above the soil and block the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to N2. Gas samples were taken periodically for N2O determination on a gas chromatograph. Soil nitrate accumulated in the general or...


The flow topological structures over two 65 o swept delta wings (a flat plate TUD wing and an IAR delta wing) have been investigated at varies angles of attack, sideslip and roll angles. The observed skin friction line pattern has been used to infer the topology of the flow on the wing surface. Special attention was paid to the flow on the nose, the boundary-layer transition and the topological evolution as the attitude (control parameter) changes. Two large-scale wind tunnel models of the apex were constructed to obtain more data on the flow in this region. A correlative studies between kinematical flow space and critical states in dynamic space was conducted which shows useful information for further studies.


This study investigates the effect of the 5E Instructional strategy on the development of critical thinking skills of intermediate third graders through Jurisprudence course compared to the normal way of teaching. In order to achieve this goal the researcher adopted a pre- post two- group (experimental and control) quasi- experimental research methodology. The tool of the study was a critical thinking skills test based on Mary McFarland's strategy. After the validation and calculation of the tool's reliability, the researcher piloted the tool at a random sample consisting of (63) female intermediate third graders in thirtieth Medina School. The study used a number of appropriate statistical analyses which included: means of scores, standard deviation, alpha Cronbach coefficient reliability test of critical thinking skills, and T- test for independent samples to ensure group homogeneity of study groups, and to see the effect of using the 5E Instructional strategy on developing the critical thinking skills of the students. The obtained results indicated that there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) between the mean scores of experimental group and control group students in the critical thinking skills test in favor of the experimental group. In the light of these results, a number of recommendations have been made, namely: religious science teachers should be supervised towards more attention to the development of critical thinking skills; paying attention to the involvement of the student in the learning process; encouraging students to express their opinions and being able to defend their point of view in order to increase the level of critical thinking skills and finally to employ the 5E Instructional strategy in teaching jurisprudence course. Based on the findings of the study, a group of suggestions for future studies have been made that can be considered as extension to the current study.


We investigate complete convergence for weighted sums of  mixing sequences with different distributions by using condition of exponent moment.Two classical results for weighed sums of array are established.The results presented in this paper improve,unify and extend the main results of Bai,Song and Cai.


We predict that there is a population of low-luminosity dwarf galaxies orbiting within the halo of the Milky Way (MW) that have surface brightnesses low enough to have escaped detection in star-count surveys. The overall count of stealth galaxies is sensitive to the presence (or lack) of a low-mass threshold in galaxy formation. These systems have luminosities and stellar velocity dispersions that are similar to those of known ultrafaint dwarf galaxies but they have more extended stellar distributions (half-light radii greater than about 100 pc) because they inhabit dark subhalos that are slightly less massive than their higher surface brightness counterparts. As a result, the typical peak surface brightness is fainter than 30 mag arcsec−2. One implication is that the inferred common mass scale for MW dwarfs may be an artifact of selection bias. If there is no sharp threshold in galaxy formation at low halo mass, then ultrafaint galaxies like Segue 1 represent the high-mass, early-forming tail of a much larger population of objects that could number in the hundreds and have typical peak circular velocities of about 8 km s−1 and masses within 300 pc of about 5 million solar masses. Alternatively, if we impose a low-mass threshold in galaxy formation in order to explain the unexpectedly high densities of the ultrafaint dwarfs, then we expect only a handful of stealth galaxies in the halo of the MW. A complete census of these objects will require deeper sky surveys, 30 m class follow-up telescopes, and more refined methods to identify extended, self-bound groupings of stars in the halo.


In this paper, we present the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) studies of1,3-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop2-en-1-one (abbreviated as VDMC). The chalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method. The thirdorder nonlinear optical properties were evaluated using standard, well-known Z-scan technique under femtosecond laser regime (150 fs, 900 nm) with two different laser repetition rates 500 Hz and 80 MHz. Open aperture studies showed that the molecule possess two photon absorption with the coefficients in the order 10 cmW. The closed aperture studies have resulted the negative nonlinear refraction with the coefficients in the order 10 cmW. The two-photon absorption cross sections were estimated. Optical limiting properties have been studied and the limiting threshold values were found to be in the range 0.86-2.3 mJ/cm, which suggests that VDMC has better applications in the field of nonlinear optics.


Abstract Novel findings during the course of the total synthesis of sulfur-containing natural products are described. These natural products include sporidesmin A, dehydrogliotoxin, tantazole B, and leinamycin. Graphical Abstract


The development of a simple, durable, lightweight and disposable beehive for high-density (and netted) orchards and crops distant from beekeeping areas provides a useful product and a further diversification for beekeepers involved in professional pollination services. The total weight of a fully developed Beetube ranged from 2.23 to 3.64 kg, contained about 9101 bees, 3038 cm2 of comb, and had a morning and afternoon flight activity of 19-43 and 11-34 honey bees per minute, respectively.


We have achieved the cover layer thickness distribution of 100±1.5 µm on a disc by improving the spin-coating method and developing an original spin-coating machine. The small skew of the disc is achieved by using a newly developed UV-curable resin.


The influence of the distributed generation accessed to the distribution network has been paid close attention by the grid operating companies. It is one of the key focuses for new energy accession that how to configure the distributed power generator to reduce the adverse influence on the power grid. In this paper, from the perspective of the power distribution network loss, the calculation method of the network loss before and after the accession of the distributed power generator has been studied. The boundary conditions on the network have been analyzed and the rules of the influence have been obtained. Also suggestions to reduce the network loss have been proposed. And a power line in Guangxi was taken as an example to verify the research results.


The release of Rhododendron L. Fred Cochran' as breeding stock with resistance to phytophthora root rot concludes the Carla (Carolina-Louisiana) azalea breeding program at North Carolina State University. Cold hardiness, floriferousness and root rot tolerance will enable this azalea selection to compete effectively with mid-season Kurume-type azaleas presently on the market. The original selection was made by F.D. Cochran from seedlings of North Carolina Red' × Morning Glory' and tested as 56-30


Particles of sodium percarbonate with a coating layer, wherein the coating layer comprises sodium sulfate as a high temperature phase of sodium sulfate and / or a high temperature phase of a double salt with Na4 composition (SO4) 1 + n (CO3) 1-n with n from 0 to 0.5.


e16091Background: Using a 5FU backbone, a variety of combination chemotherapy regimens have been adopted for gastric cancer. However, the genetic heterogeneity of the disease suggests certain drugs...


Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering by pyridine was observed in aqueous silver citrate sols. Surface enhancement factors of several pyridine vibrations were measured and range from 10{sup 3} to 10{sup 6}. The strongest enhancements were observed in the totally symmetric vibrations {nu}{sub 12}, {nu}{sub 1}, {nu}{sub 6e}, and {nu}{sub 8a} and the b{sub 2} vibration {nu}{sub 6b}. The surface enhancements observed are larger than predicted by electrodynamic theories of surface enhancement for simple spherical or spheriodal particles, but relative enhancements are consistent with electromagnetic surface enhancement selection rules for hyper-Raman scattering. Elastic incoherent scattering in Ag sols was observed at twice the laser frequency. The intensity of the elastic component was 10{sup 4} to 10{sup 6} times more intense than hyper-Rayleigh scattering from bulk pyridine and increased upon addition of pyridine to the silver sols.


Due to the potential of the offshore wind energy in the Taiwan Strait, the development of the offshore wind farm is cost-effective. However, the expected develop area for potential offshore wind farms has overlapped with the habitat of the Sousa chinensis (also called Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin or Chinese White Dolphin). Therefore, to know if there are dolphins in the construction area is the most important. This paper provides a process for checking if there are dolphins in the specific area and using an unmanned surface vehicle to track the source and find the area they are. This process has four main topics, including real-time dolphin whistle detection, underwater acoustic source direction calculate, source tracking behavior (STB) and real-time shoreside monitoring system of the surface vehicle. The whole system was developed using the open source middleware MOOS-IvP and testing in the embedded system (NVIDIA Jetson TX1). The whole system was implemented and successfully tested in the field experiment using artificial dolphin sound.


Lymphatic system plays impotant role in human life. Anatomists elaborated new methods of investigations for study of functional morphology of lymphatic system.


This paper presents a general summary and review of state-of-the-art and development of vibration-based structural damage detection. Various structural damage detection methods based on structural dynamic characteristic parameters are summarised and evaluated. The principle of intelligent damage diagnosis and its application prospects in structural damage detection are introduced, and the development trends of structural damage detection are also put forward. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


A gas separation cartridge including a housing comprising an inlet port for an air sample to enter; a top cover attached to the housing; an upper cavity comprising individual chambers comprised of a chemical or an absorbent or a mixture thereof attached to the top cover wherein each end of each chamber has an opening; a bottom cover attached to the upper cavity, wherein the bottom cover comprises a lower cavity, a separate opening for an air sample traveling from an individual chamber to pass through, and a separate opening for an air sample that does not pass through an individual chamber; and a base upon which the bottom cover of the cartridge is seated, wherein the base has an exit port.


The article examines the international business strategies of industrial enterprises. The business strategy of an enterprise is a set of activities, plans and management decisions that allow obtaining specific indicators for comparing the position of an enterprise. To develop a business strategy, you need to consider the company's activities in terms of five main elements: market, industry, product, technology and the company's position in the market. Each enterprise follows its own business strategy to gain a better position and benefit from a competitive advantage. A business strategy combines several different strategies and areas of activity. It includes corporate strategy, digital strategy, sales growth strategy, etc. It is investigated that in today's dynamic highly competitive environment no industrial enterprise can exist without its own business strategy. There are many strategic ways to develop companies in the market, proven by experience and considered exemplary. Currently, in the course of such world processes as globalization, urbanization, climate change and the redistribution of forces in the world arena, the business strategies of the behavior of many countries and, as a result, of international companies are changing. It has been established that it is important to adapt the chosen strategy to your company, and not to copy someone else's experience. In order to be competitive in the global economic space, it is necessary to develop new business strategies. It has been determined that the business strategies that businesses can devise and the paths they can identify to implement those strategies are different. It is analyzed that the frequency and depth of changes in the business strategies of industrial enterprises depends on market success or failure, and the duration depends on how suitable the strategy is for market conditions. The article analyzes the features of the business strategy of industrial enterprises using the example of BMW, which is in the premium car sector, occupies a leading position in the world and sets trends and new innovative strategies that all global automotive concerns are listening to. In recent years, the BMW Group has enjoyed positive growth in the company's worldwide revenues.


The Penrose-Guven limit simplifies a given supergravity solution into a pp-wave background. Aiming at clarifying its relation to renormalization group flow we study the Penrose-Guven limit of supergravity backgrounds that are dual to non-conformal gauge theories. The resulting backgrounds fall in a class simple enough that the quantum particle is exactly solvable. We propose a map between the effective time-dependent quantum mechanical problem and the RG flow in the gauge theory. As a testing ground we consider explicitly two Penrose limits of the infrared fixed point of the Pilch-Warner solution. We analyze the corresponding gauge theory picture and write down the operators which are the duals of the low lying string states. We also address RG flows of a different nature by considering the Penrose-Guven limit of a stack of N Dp-branes. We note that in the far IR (for p < 3) the limit generically has negative mass2. This phenomenon signals, in the world sheet picture, the necessity to transform to another description. In this regard, we consider explicitly the cases of M2 from D2 and F1 from D1.


Luminescent europium(III) terpyridine complex-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of a precursor composed of a terpyridyl ligand bearing a urea group and a reactive siloxane part in the presence of europium(III) salts. Elementary analysis, FT-IR, SEM, luminescence spectra and luminescence decay analysis were employed to characterize the resulting materials. The effect of counteranions in the europium(III) salts on the morphology and luminescent properties of polysilsesquioxanes is investigated and discussed. It has been shown that porous europium(III) terpyridine complex-bridged polysilsesquioxanes can be obtained with Eu(ClO4)3·6H2O whereas materials composed of irregular and aggregated nanoparticles are achieved when the perchlorate counteranions were replaced by chloride ones. The decay time of Eu3+ ions of the luminescent materials becomes longer as the molar ratio of the precursor to Eu3+ ions increases.


The objective of this study was to study effects of rotor speed on threshing unit losses and power requirement when using different patterns of guide vane inclination of axial fl ow threshing unit for Chainat 1 rice variety. Results of the study indicated that the increasing of the rotor speed caused the decreasing in threshing unit losses, but the amount of grain breakage and power requirement were increased. However, the rotor speed of 16 to 18 m/s should be used when the losses, the power requirement and the amount of grain breakage were taken into consideration. The guide vane at the inlet and outlet parts should be fi xed at 60 and 70 degree with the axis of the threshing shaft, respectively.


Based on a model of machine vision technique, the paper puts forward a method of high accuracy camera calibration for the system of machine vision inspection. Key techniques in this system include the camera calibr- tion, curve inspection and feature matching, etc. According to thesis of "form much to one", the paper discusses an improved method of Hough transform. In light of the theory of constrain, it also gives a method of feature match -ing. These methods have been proved by corresponding experiments, and some of them have been successfully uti- lized in the inspection of complex industrial parts.


ABSTRACT Since the discovery of fullerenes as a class of nanostructure compounds, many potential applications have been suggested for their unusual structures and properties. The isolated pentagon rule (IPR) states that all pentagonal carbon rings are isolated in the most stable fullerene. Fullerenes Cn , are a class of spherical carbon allotrope group with unique properties. Electron transfer between fullerenes and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of interesting molecules is the mono adduct methanofullerene derivatives (Y3N@C80-[6,6]-Methanofullerene-R). Electron transfer between C80 derivatives such as nitride Yttrium cluster Y3N@C80-[6,6]-Methanofullerene-R (R = DEM, exTTF, and OCH2-AQ) 10–12 and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of electron-transfer molecules is the [X-UT-V][Y3N@C80-[6,6]-Methanofullerene-R] (R = DEM, exTTF...


This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effects of steam and water mist/spray addition on NO formation in a methane–air counterflow diffusion flame. A detailed chemical mechanism (Glarborg et al. Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 67 (2018), pp. 31–68) which contains 1397 reactions and 151 species has been employed to investigate the NO formation in a counterflow diffusion flame for a wide range of strain rates (50–400 s ) in OPPDIF. The water spray/mist evaporation is represented as a first-order dynamic process with Arrhenius type dependence on temperature that can be expressed in a form similar to a first-order chemical reaction. Instead the process is represented as a first-order dynamic process by invoking a hypothetical chemical species and a surrogate reaction . This approach allows handling detail chemistry and droplet evaporation at a reasonable computational cost. This model is validated with CFD simulation results where droplets are modelled using the Discrete Phase Modelling approach. The effects of steam and water mist on the flame temperature and NO formation have been examined. It is found that steam/water mist inhibits NO formation by affecting both thermal and prompt pathways. It is seen that the percentage contribution of prompt NO in overall NO production significantly decreases with increasing steam dilution. Water mist causes an additional evaporative heat loss and results in a drop in percentage contribution of thermal NO in overall NO formation.


Aims: The problem of effective treatment of HIV-infected patients is an important task of clinical virology and immunology due to the high cost of drugs, the presence of side effects and the need for strict adherence to the schedule of drug intake for patients. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop new approaches to optimize the use of antiretroviral therapy to reduce the cost of treatment and to improve the quality of life for patients. The tasks are addressed to test the hypothesis that the system of therapeutic interruptions in the treatment of HIV infection can give better results (both the duration and comfort of the patient's life, and the need for fewer drugs) compared with regular medication in standard doses. Methods: In this work, an extended version of the mathematical model of the immune response in HIV infection (proposed in Hadjiandreou et al., 2009) was constructed to take into account the hormonal regulation of the immune response and the impact of antiretroviral drugs on the course of the disease, the calibration of the parameters of the resulting model to match the actual trends of the disease and the search for an optimal treatment strategy. The model is formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations. The therapy optimization is modeled following the structured treatment interruptionapproach using the methods of simulated annealing and the simplex method. The mathematical model and optimization methods are implemented in C ++. Results: It has been shown that in treating HIV-infected patients, it is possible to significantly (up to 3 times) reduce the total amount of required medications simultaneously with an increase in the duration of the period with a high quality of life (due to reducing the intensity of side effects) during antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: The use of mathematical models and optimization methods opens up the possibility for the implementation of personalized approaches to the treatment of HIV infection, taking into account the side effects, the hormonal status of patients and the cost of drugs.


The analysis of the relevant provisions of the Theodosian Code and any number of direct references in fourth- and fifth-century sources such as Oxyrhynchus, have demonstrated that the sacrifice remained an archetypal feature of Hellenic religion, even in its Christian variants, until the end of this period. It has nevertheless been argued from time to time that Hellenes, pagani and gentiles were no more than adherents to the cultural norms of the Greek paideia. Even a cursory glance at the little-studied and voluminous correspondence of Isidore of Pelusium, a monk of the Nile delta (ob. c. 435), reveals the author to be steeped in the Greek paideia rather more than Shenute. Isidore repeatedly assails the late pagan sophistic with language and examples borrowed from the Hellenic literature that he abhors. This manner of proceeding amounts to little more than posturing with the aim of creating a new Christian sophistic.Keywords: gentiles; Greek paideia; Hellenic religion; Oxyrhynchus; pagani; Theodosian code


In this paper, we demonstrate three-dimensional estimation of target positions with borehole radar in single borehole. We developed array type borehole radar having four dipole antennas with optical modulators. Experiment at a model site was done using the developed radar system. In the site, one borehole, in which there is no fluid, and one cave exist. Receiving dipole antennas and a transmitting antenna are set in a single borehole. The 3-D MUSIC algorithm modified for array type radar in a borehole is applied to the measured data to estimate location of the cave. 3-D estimation results from the experiments were reasonable. In the estimation, Method of Moment (MoM) was used to model the antennas in a borehole. Green's function used in MoM was modified to include influence of cylindrical boundary around antennas in a borehole. Finally, we did experiments in granite, where boreholes are filled with fresh water. Cross-hole measurement was carried out to investigate characteristic of the dipole array in a water-filled borehole. Cross-spectrum analysis was adopted to obtained data, and we found that the experimental results give fairly good agreement with the theoretical results. This implies that the experimental results are accurate enough for estimation of azimuth of arrival waves, even if the antennas are in a water-filled borehole.


Abstract: This paper highlighted the technology of gray transformation to target the image captured using the camera, which converted a colored image into grayscale, filtered out the noise using the median, and extracted the image edge by using Canny operator. Because the extracting edges were not clear, it could not obtain the target pixel point accurately. For improving the accuracy and real-time feature extraction, corner feature points detection algorithm via randomized Hough transform based on spatial moment was proposed. To obtain accurate coordinates of the corners, the image was processed using matlab2011 software in the experiment. In order to achieve camera calibration rapidly and effectively, the linear calibration algorithm was improved. Using the least square method, the calculation process was simplified, and the calibration error was reduced. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm was simple and effective, which improved the calibration accuracy, and verified its validity and feasibility.


Objective: To investigate the effect of simvastatin on the biomechanical characteristics of the femur in ovariectomized rats. Material and methods: Fifty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged three months old, were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (SHAM; n = 18), ovariectomized group (OVX; n = 18), and ovariectomized with simvastatin treatment group (OVX+SIM; n = 18). Eight weeks after being ovariectomized, simvastatin was administered orally at 5 mg/kg each day in the OVX + SIM group. The animals were sacrificed at either four or 12 weeks after administration and femurs were obtained. Biomechanical parameters were measured by the three-point bending test. Results: There were no significant differences in the maximal strain and flexibility strain between the OVX and OVX + SIM groups at either four or 12 weeks after administration (p > 0.05). In contrast, significant differences in flexibility loading at four weeks and in maximal loading, flexibility loading, and the coefficient of bending ductility between the OVX and OVX + SIM groups at either four or 12 weeks (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Intergroup comparisons showed that maximal loading and flexibility loading have significant differences in the OVX + SIM group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Simvastatin shows potential in promoting bone remodeling, changing bone micro-architecture, and influencing the integration and distribution ratio of organic and inorganic constituents in bone tissue of ovariectomized rats. In addition, a longer time of administration with simvastatin could enhance the femoral strength.


Zoonosis animal infectious disease diagnosis system is needed by farmers to prevent disease transmission and maintain the stability of livestock production. The domains of this study are cattle, goats, and sheep. Researchers chose the three animals because they see the majority of Indonesian Muslims who practice Eid al-Adha by slaughtering cattle, goats or sheep. So the system is expected to assist in the selection of healthy Qurban animals. Diseases that can be diagnosed in this system include Ascariasis, Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Anthrax, Scabies, Ringworm, Leptospirosis, and ORF. The disease is a disease Zoonosis that often occurs in Indonesia. System built with PHP programming language and MySQL database. Knowledge representation using production rules, inference process using forward chaining and the process of calculating the value of certainty of the occurrence of the disease is done using certainty factor method. The results of testing the system with medical record data states the value of the system's ability to diagnose diseases in accordance with the medical record is 86.84%. The result of system functionality test stated 100% system capability value and respondent rate system reuse 70,83% agree, 3,33% strongly agree, and neutral 25,83%.


Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurement of oxygen isotopes in apatite has been employed more and more in petrogenetic, metallogenic, and climate change studies. Well‐characterised reference materials are needed due to the matrix effect, but they are yet to be well established. In this study, we conducted in‐situ oxygen isotopic and chemical analyses on six commonly used apatite reference materials (ie, Emerald, Kovdor, McClure, Mud Tank, Otter Lake, and Slyudyanka) and two in‐house apatite references (Qinghu and GEMS 203) to assess their oxygen isotope homogeneity and applicability for microbeam analyses. Our results show that all these apatite references are in general chemically homogeneous. In terms of oxygen isotopes, GEMS 203 (δ18O = 9.85 ± 0.40‰ [2SD], corrected by Durango 3), Kovdor (δ18O = 6.55 ± 0.38‰, 2SD), and McClure (δ18O = 5.94 ± 0.42‰, 2SD) are fairly homogeneous, whereas Emerald (δ18O = 10.37 ± 0.45‰, 2SD), Mud Tank (δ18O = 6.35 ± 0.46‰, 2SD), Otter Lake (δ18O = 9.71 ± 0.47‰, 2SD), Qinghu (δ18O = 5.44 ± 0.49‰, 2SD), and Slyudyanka (δ18O = 17.49 ± 0.43‰, 2SD) are less homogenous. This indicates that the former group represents better reference materials for in‐situ oxygen isotopic analyses, whilst the latter group can be used as secondary reference material for analytical quality control.


Polyphosphorylated and perphosphorylated hexopyranose monosaccharides and disaccharides were synthesized from parent or partially protected carbohydrates as potential allosteric effectors of hemoglobin. A study toward the construction of seven‐ and eight‐membered cyclic pyrophosphates was also performed on the sugars which had the proper orientation, protection, and number of phosphates. All final compounds were tested for their efficiency on oxygen release from human hemoglobin. Several compounds presented higher potency than myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate, which is the most efficient of the known allosteric effectors of hemoglobin. Structure–activity relationships were analyzed. The affinity and efficiency depend on the number of phosphates attached to the carbohydrate skeleton and are related primarily to the number of negative charges present. Other effects operate, but play a lesser role.


This study was aimed at developing a novel experimental setup to investigate the tensional response of a single living cell to external deformation. We constructed the setup which consisted of three components: a device for applying various patterns of uniaxial deformation to living cells, a mechanical scanning probe microscope (M-SPM), and an optical microscope. Intracellular tension is reflected by cellular stiffness measured by M-SPM. Using the setup, we found that stiffness in some areas on a living fibroblast cell increased while stiffness in other areas decreased under 8% external single-step stretch. Furthermore, we found that repetitive deformation inhibited the increase in the stretch-induced cellular stiffness. The present setup is useful for investigating the characteristics of intracellular tensional responses to external deformation.


The asymptotic behavior of localized wave functions of fractons and electrons in bond-percolation systems is investigated numerically by calculating the system-size dependence of the conductance. It is found that two-dimensional (2 d ) fracton wave functions are superlocalized with d φ =1.26±0.02, where d φ is the exponent indicating the strength of localization, while localized electronic states in 2 d percolation systems decay exponentially ( d φ =1).


The invention discloses an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) passive optical network (PON), belonging to the technical field of optical communication. The network of the invention comprises an optical line terminal (OLT) and an optical network unit (ONU), wherein, the OLT is connected with the ONU in an annular networking manner or a tree networking manner. The network is characterized by sequentially connecting a photoelectric conversion module, an OLT digital signal uplink processing module and an optical transmission module, and an OLT control module is connected with the OLT digital signal uplink processing module to form an uplink module of the OLT; and meanwhile, the uplink module of the OLT further comprises a power divider, an optical multiplexer and an OLT analog signal uplink processing module, wherein, the OLT analog signal uplink processing module is connected with the OLT digital signal uplink processing module in parallel by the power divider and the optical multiplexer unit for processing various business data. The passive optical network has the characteristics of low cost, high flexibility and good transmission performance.


Deaths related to opioid overdose has been an increasing problem in the United States This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the Pharmacy Practice at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Articles & Research by an authorized administrator of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Brooks, Krista; Davis, Tom; Nguyen, Khoa; Nguyen, Ngan-Dinh; Rahman, Tashrique; and Villa, Lucero, "Evaluating Naloxone Access and Prescribing Requirements in the Opioid Epidemic across the United States" (2019). Faculty Articles & Research. 33. https://dc.swosu.edu/cop_pp_articles/33 • Deaths related to opioid overdoses can be prevented by the use of naloxone which reverses the effects of opioids • Approaches to promote naloxone access have been described by federal agencies, including the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ... Read More Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/cop_pp_articles Part of the Pharmacy Administration, Policy and Regulation Commons Authors Krista Brooks, Tom Davis, Khoa Nguyen, Ngan-Dinh Nguyen, Tashrique Rahman, and Lucero Villa This poster is available at SWOSU Digital Commons: https://dc.swosu.edu/cop_pp_articles/33


The diffraction characteristics of several types of phase gratings often etched on the substrate by the micro/nanofabrication techniques are analytically explored using scalar-based analysis in this paper. The process of an incident wave being reflected or transmitted by the diffraction grating is regarded as a process of modulation, and the reflectance or transmittance can be unified as the modulation index. The mechanisms of phase modulation, amplitude modulation, and the amplitude-phase hybrid modulation in different situations are discussed. Analytical results indicate that the diffraction efficiency is directly determined by the phase difference of adjacent features, i.e., the cyclically distributed ridges and grooves that induce different phase and amplitude variations. The absolute phase grating with phase difference equivalent to π has the maximum diffraction efficiency among all types of gratings. The conclusions could, in general, provide guidance for the design and micro/nanofabrication of phase gratings for many diffraction-based applications of optical metrology or imaging.


The dynamics of how a solvent responds to a solute still remains an unsolved, but critically important, scientific problem. The prospects for understanding solvation dynamics at a molecular level have increased dramatically recently with experimental refinements in ultrafast spectroscopy of liquids, as well as improvements in computational techniques for the modeling of these processes. In this project we studied the solvation dynamics associated with ion pairs in solution using the relatively new technique of femtosecond terahertz time domain transmission spectroscopy coupled with a theoretical approach based on molecular dynamics simulations. The objective of this proposal was to probe, on a molecular and intermolecular scale both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanisms and timescales involved in both the formation and dynamic behavior of ion pairs in solution. To accomplish this goal we further developed the technique of femtosecond terahertz time domain transmission spectroscopy for the study of dynamic molecular interactions in liquids, closely coupling the spectroscopic results obtained to molecular dynamics calculations. Our results validate terahertz spectroscopy as a technique for the investigation of the solvation dynamics in electrolytic solutions of technological importance. Background and Research Objectives Even if we know the equilibrium thermodynamics of a solvent around a solute--even if we understand the tradeoffs between solvent-solvent interactions and solute-solvent interactions and we have a complete command of all the compromises that may be necessary between local energetic and more global entropic concerns--the dynamics of how a solvent responds to a solute still remains an unsolved, but critically important, scientific problem, The sets of motions that a many-body solvent undergoes in order to make itself a more hospitable environment for a solute may still be largely mysterious: Is the motion intrinsically many-body in character or is it better to think of it in terms of individual solvent motions? Are some kinds of solvent rearrangements more efficient than others in carrying out solvation? Indeed are there even going to be universal answers to these questions or must they be continually reposed for each solute-solvent system. Recently, the prospects for understanding solvation dynamics at a molecular level have increased dramatically with experimental refinements in ultrafast spectroscopy of liquids, as well as improvements in calculational techniques for the modeling of these processes. In this project we demonstrated the ability to study the solvation dynamics associated with ion pairs in solution using the relatively new technique of femtosecond terahertz time domain transmission spectroscopy coupled with a