Process Bias is traditionally defined as a manufactured offset of the mask-features that induces a photoresist image size to more closely match the nominal or desired circuit design size. The metric is calculated as the difference between the size of the image on the wafer and the mask with image reduction taken into consideration. Optical process corrections (OPC) in the mask design must consider not only the Bias but also the influence of aerial image artifacts such as near-neighbor proximity, polarization and birefringence. The interactions are further complicated by the wavefront's interaction with the imaging media and optical interactions with the translucent film stack on the wafer. With the increased frequency of resolution enhancement (RET) artifacts on the mask, the concept of Bias as a simple scalar becomes less clear. In this study Bias is shown to exhibit the anticipated systematic response to all of the static exposure conditions of the process. Variations across each field-of-exposure however behave nonlinearly with the range of fluctuations encountered within the process-space experienced during device manufacture. A model is developed that allows the Bias response to be comparatively measured for each mask feature-design that characterizes not only the behavior at optimum exposure but also each features stability across process and imaging perturbation sources. The Bias models are applied to profile metrology gathered from matrix exposure data. Fine-structure perturbations in the Bias are extracted comparing their relative variation to process fluctuations that in-turn illustrates a strong individual feature construction-sensitivity. This analysis suggests that individual feature design is a strong contributor to process-stability of a reticle. Even more significant, the Static Bias variation across the exposure field of a reticle is shown to be inversely related to the dose-uniformity map needed to achieve uniform critical features at the process-target size. A new metric is introduced to provide a means of modeling the non-linear local Bias Signature for IntraField feature perturbations as a measure of the Bias Error Enhancement Function (BEEF). The BEEF metric is shown to be relatively insensitive to variations in the manufacturing exposure process-space but strongly responsive to variations in critical feature manufacture or design. The model is then extrapolated to define the relationship between Bias Response and the Mask Error Enhancement Function (MEEF). The base design of a photomask feature is shown to be a strong contributor not only to resolution and depth-of-focus but also to the robustness of image response or it's ability to maintain stable resolution and depth of focus across the process-space. The Proper selection of different feature design alternatives can greatly reduce photomask sensitivity to process variations. The selection process for these designs as well as new reticle validation is simplified using the BEEF metric as an evaluator. "BEEF" is a metric more closely tied to process response of a reticle design than MEEF and is more easily extracted from in-process raw metrology.


SUMMARY Echocardiography was performed in60people withtuberous sclerosis toascertain theprevalence andcourseofcardiac rhabdomyomata atdifferent ages.Twenty five (58%)of43 children hadtumours, butonlythree (18%)of17adults. Thetumourstended toremain thesame sizethrough childhood. Onlythree infants were included butevidence fromthis andsome published casereports suggestthatthetumourstendtoregressinearly infancy andagain in adolescence. Theprevalence oftumoursinyoung infants withtuberous sclerosis islikely tobe considerably above50%.Asother signs oftuberous sclerosis areusually absent atthis age echocardiography may afford themostuseful diagnostic testinearly infancy. Ithasbeenknownformanyyears thatpeople with tuberous sclerosis mayhavecardiac rhabdomyomata aspartofthesyndrome, butassessment ofthe prevalence ofthetumours hasdepended inthepast largely onnecropsy studies. Thesestudies have suggested ahighmortality fromrhabdomyomata in thefirst fewyears oflife with78%ofdeaths inthe first year.Ithasbeensaidthat37-50%ofthese deaths areassociated withtuberous sclerosis butthis isprobably anunderestimate asotherdiagnostic features oftuberous sclerosis maynotappear until later childhood.1 2Conversely, necropsy studies in peopleknowntohavetuberous sclerosis have suggested upto30%withrhabdomyomatal but these figures mayalsobebiased. Twodimensional echocardiography offers asimple non-invasive methodthatshowscardiac tumours verywell, andtwosmall studies havefoundcardiac tumours ineight of16andsevenof11people with tuberous sclerosis respectively.3 4Thepresent study wascarried outinthehopeofassessing the prevalence ofthesetumours atdifferent agesand alsobecause oftheimpression thatsometumours mayregress. Methods Patients withtuberous sclerosis andtheir families werecontacted through theTuberous Sclerosis Association ofGreatBritain andthedepartments ofclinical genetics andpaediatric neurology inthe NorthWestregion. Patients wereexamined to confirm thediagnosis, andechocardiography carried


By flat manifold we understand a compact Riemannian manifold with sectional curvature equal to zero. Any such manifold M is an orbit space R/Γ, where Γ = π1(M) is a Bieberbach group, i.e. a discrete, cocompact and torsion free subgroup of the isometry group E(n) = O(n) n R of the ndimensional euclidean space R. Moreover, by Bieberbach theorems (cf. [2]) the translations subgroup Γ ∩ R of Γ is a free abelian group of rank n of finite index. The finite group Γ/(Γ ∩ R) is also the holonomy group of the manifold M . Let us recall that an oriented manifold M (a group Γ) has a spin structure if and only if there exists a homomorphism : Γ → Spin(n) such that λn = h. Here λn is the covering map from the group Spin(n) to the group SO(n) and h is the projection of Γ onto SO(n) sometimes called a holonomy homomorphism. By ti, i = 1, 2, ..., n we shall denote the standard basis of R. In [12, Problem 15] is formulated the problem of classifying the finite groups that are the holonomy groups of flat oriented manifolds which admit a spin structure.


This study's main goal was to evaluate the association between anxious temperament and the fear of COVID-19-related self-infection and infection in loved ones (family members, friends, relatives) and cyberchondria. The sample consisted of 499 men and women aged between 18 and 72 who were gathered from the general population via an online recruitment platform. A numerical rating scale comprising 11 degrees of fear was used to assess participants' COVID-19-related fear, and affective temperaments were evaluated using Akiskal's Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) scales. Cyberchondria was assessed using McElroy and Shevlin's Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS). Small to medium positive correlations were found between depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments and cyberchondria and between depressive and anxious temperaments and COVID-19 fears. However, no correlation was observed between the hyperthymic temperament and cyberchondria. Cyberchondria positively correlated with both COVID-19 fears scales, though the correlation coefficients were medium. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, only anxious temperament and COVID-19 fear of self-infection were significant predictors of cyberchondria. The analysis also revealed a significant indirect effect of anxious temperament on cyberchondria through fear of COVID-19 self-infection as a mediator between anxious temperament and cyberchondria.


Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and its self-powered sensor based on the principles of contact electricity generation and electrostatic induction have important application prospects in the fields of new energy and internet of things (IoT). In the contact separation process of polymer materials with different electronegativity values, due to the transfer of electrons, a changing electrostatic field will be generated in the space around the polymer. In the existing TENG research, the field strength perpendicular to the plane of the friction layer and the electrode layer is mainly used to generate electrostatic induction, and the electric field effect around the polymer is ignored. According to the principle of electrostatic induction, the internal charge of the conductor in the electric field will be redistributed, which provides a way for the conductor to generate an induced electrical signal on the surface of the conductor without contacting the friction material. In this paper, we design a non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator (NC-TENG) based on changing electrostatic field. The influence of the distance between the conductor and the friction material, the induction area of the conductor and the position of the conductor relative to the friction material on the induced electrical output performance are studied when silicone rubber and nitrile rubber are used as a friction material. The results show that the NC-TENG can produce a stable electrical signal output when the conductor is completely separated from the friction material. The induced voltage of NC-TENG decreases with the increase of the distance between the conductor and the friction material, and gradually increases with the increase of the conductor's induction area. For the friction material with a size of 30 mm × 30 mm, the electrical output of NC-TENG tends to be stable when its conductor area is 60 mm × 45 mm. In addition, the different orientation of the conductor relative to the friction material also has a significant effect on the induced electrical output. The NC-TENG designed in this paper provides a novel electrical output generation mode, which provides a higher possibility for the subsequent research on TENG and the application of self-powered sensors.


ABSTRACT Based on the ego-ecological approach, which views identity as deeply interconnected with the social environment via group memberships, this study reconstructed the psychosocial identity of a group of Sri Lankan immigrants who settled in Naples, Italy, with the aim of detecting resonances between their self-representations and the stereotypes circulating in the receiving society. Fifty-one Sri Lankan immigrants completed a shortened version of the Multistage Investigator of Social Identity (MISI) with the following two stimulus groups: "Sri Lankans" (i.e., ethnocultural identity) and "immigrants." Analyses revealed an implication of the self in both groups (i.e., Sri Lankans and immigrants), with the represented immigrant self more negatively connoted than the ethnocultural self. The contents of the self-representations showed resonances with both the stereotypes associated with immigrants in Italian society and the specific stereotype associated with the Sri Lankan community, thereby empirically confirming that in the immigrant experience identity feels the effect of the attitudes of the receiving context.


Memristor crossbars support efficient realizations of spiking and non-spiking neural networks designs. In most of these designs off-chip/ex-situ training is used to set/update the state of the memrisitve devices. However, there is a growing need to design an efficient on-chip/in-situ learning for mobile autonomous systems. In this research, we propose an on-chip learning accelerator, known as Ziksa, that is integrated with the memristor crossbars. We demonstrate how regression and back-propagation in multi-level networks can be realized through Ziksa. The proposed accelerator is evaluated on a fabricated TiN-TaOx-TaTiN memristor crossbar. A 3-layer feedforward network was tested using Ziksa for classification. An accuracy of 95.3% was achieved on Wisconsin breast cancer dataset. The proposed learning accelerator can be envisioned as a core building block in a wide-range of cognitive algorithms that rely on on-chip online learning.


We calculate the ground-state energy of one- and two-dimensional spatially inhomogeneous antiferromagnetic Heisenberg models for spins $1∕2$, 1, $3∕2$, and 2. Our calculations become possible as a consequence of the recent formulation of density-functional theory for Heisenberg models. The method is similar to spin-density-functional theory, but employs a local-density-type approximation designed specifically for the Heisenberg model, allowing us to explore parameter regimes that are hard to access by traditional methods, and to consider complications that are important specifically for nanomagnetic devices, such as the effects of impurities, finite size, and boundary geometry, in chains, ladders, and higher-dimensional systems.


Background
Speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists play important roles when caring for those with dementia. Therapeutic techniques for these individuals may be similar between professions, but goals may differ. It is important for professionals within interdisciplinary teams to understand their scopes of practice to ensure successful therapy without overstepping boundaries.
Research Questions
1. How do undergraduate students, graduate students, and clinicians perceive the roles of SLPs and OTs, especially when caring for those with dementia and Alzheimer's disease?
2. How do undergraduate students, graduate students, and clinicians feel their education prepared them to work in an interdisciplinary team?

Method
An anonymous Qualtrics based survey was distributed to undergraduate students, graduate students, and clinicians who are pursuing a career in speech-language pathology or occupational therapy or currently practicing.

Results
We received responses from 12 undergraduate students, 10 graduate students, and 115 clinicians. Participants agree that SLP and OT scopes of practice overlap (undergraduate students 91%, graduate students 83%, clinicians 82%). Participants agree that there are parts of their scopes of practice which could belong to either field (undergraduate students 64%, graduate students 67%, clinicians 68%). Most participants agree that their education explained how SLPs and OTs work together in interdisciplinary teams (undergraduate students 91%, graduate students 83%, clinicians 65%) and that their education made them feel prepared to work in an interdisciplinary team (undergraduate students 91%, graduate students 83% clinicians 76%). When presented with a case scenario describing a therapeutic action, most clinicians agreed that the action could belong to either field (SLP 98%, OT 79%).

Conclusion
Participants recognize the overlap between SLPs and OTs, and they feel their education prepared them to work together. The education professionals receive should prepare them to not only work together but to predict and solve interprofessional conflict. Good communication within interdisciplinary teams helps address overlaps and differences in professional practice. Discrepancies about scope of practice boundaries still exist, evidenced by the results of the case scenario. Interdisciplinary team members should be aware that SLPs and OTs may want to implement the same therapeutic technique for an individual, but their therapeutic goals may differ.


from surgical wards. Lancet 1983;ii:446-8. 2 Fowkes FGR, Davies ER, Evans KT, et al. Multicentre trial of four strategies to reduce use of a radiological test. Lancet 1986;i:367-70. 3 Strunin L. The liver and anaesthesia. London: Saunders, 1977. 4 Bevan DR. Renal function in anaesthesia and surgery. London: Academic Press, 1979. 5 Bastron RD. Hepatic and renal physiology. In Miller RD, ed. Anaesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1981:763-94. 6 Cronelly R. Muscle relaxant antagonists. In: Katz RL, ed. Muscle relaxants-basic and clinical aspects. Orlando: Grune and Stratton, 1985:197-213. 7 Morgan DB. Why plasma electrolytes? Ann Clin Biochem 1981;18:275-80. 8 Blery C, Charpak Y, Szatan M, et al. Evaluation of a protocol for selective ordering of preoperative tests. Lancet 1986;i:139-41. 9 Kaplan EB, Sheiner LB, Boeckmann AJ, et al. The usefulness ofpreoperative laboratory screening. 3AMA 1985;153:3576-81. 10 McKee RF, Scott EM. The value of routine preoperative investigations. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1987;69: 160-2. 11 Catchlove BR, Wilson RM, Spring S, Hall J. Routine investigations in elective surgical patients. MedJ7 Aust 1979;ii: 107-10. 12 Ahlvin RC. Biochemical screening-a critique. N Englj Med 1970;283:1084-6. 13 Bryan DJ, Wearne JL, Viau A, Musser AW, Schoonmaker FW, Thiers RE. Profile of admission chemical data by multichannel automation: an evaluate experiment. Clin Chem 1966;12:137-43. 14 Friedman GD, Goldberg M, Ahia JN, Siegelaub AB, Bassis ML, Collen MI. Biochemical screening tests. Effect of panel size on medical care. Arch Intern Med 1972;129:91-7. 15 Schneiderman LJ, De Salvo L, Baylor S, WolfPL. The "abnormal" screening laboratory result. Its effect on physician and patient. Arch Intern Med 1972;129:88-90. 16 Berris RF, Huttner WA, Rogers RL. Routine postprandial blood glucose determinations in a general hospital.JAMA 1966;198:155-7. 17 Carmalt MHB, Freeman P, Stephens AJH, Whitehead TP. Value of routine multiple blood tests in patients attending the general practitioner. BrMedj 1970;i:620-3. 18 Ezeoke AC. Biochemical studies of apparently "healthy" blood donors with reference to liver function tests and immunoglobulins. Ric Clin Lab 1985;15:267-73. 19 Collen MF, Feldman R, Siegelaub AB, Crawford D. Dollar cost per positive test for automated multiphasic screening. N Engl3' Med 1970;283:459-63. 20 Jacoben J, Bach AB, Dalsgaard PH. Blood tests before elective surgery. Anaesthesia 1987;42:78-9. 21 Payne RB. Creatinine clearance: a redundant clinical investigation. Ann Clin Biochem 1986;23: 243-50. 22 Fraser CG. Urine analysis: current performance and strategies for improvement. Br Med J 1985;291:321-5. 23 Kirkland JA, Morgan HG. An assessment of routine hospital urine testing for protein and glucose. ScottMedJ 1961;6:513-9. 24 Clermont RJ, Chalmers TC. The transaminase tests in liver disease. Medicine 1%7;46:197-207. 25 Jones EA, Berk PD. Liver function. In: Brown SS, Mitchell FL, Young DS, eds. Chemical diagnosis ofdisease. Amsterdam: Elsevier and North Holland Biomedical Press, 1979:525-662. 26 Wataneeyawech M, Kelly KA. Hepatic diseases unsuspected before surgery. NY State J Med 1975;75:1278-81. 27 Schemel WH. Unexpected hepatic dysfunction found by multiple laboratory screening. Anesth Anaig 1976;55:810-2.


ABSTRACT The Portuguese textile and clothing industry thrived after 1960, when Portugal joined the European Free Trade Association, and it has been an important industry in Portugal in terms of value added, employment, and exports. Nevertheless, the industry has experienced significant challenges with the final integration of the apparel and textile industry into GATT on 1 January 2005, as well as the admission of relatively low-wage Bulgaria and Romania into the European Union in 2007. This paper describes recent trends in the industry between 1995 and 2016, including a substantial decrease in output after 2005 and recovery in recent years. In addition, a translog cost function is used to examine the existence of economies of scale, the relationships among inputs, and the effects of the 2005 GATT entry on the industry's costs. The findings include strong evidence of economies of scale, consistent with the many small and mid-sized enterprises in the Portuguese textile and clothing industry. The results are also consistent with capital and labour being complementary inputs, while other input pairs are substitutes. The entry into GATT may have had a negative impact on cost, though the evidence for that effect is weak.


This is an interesting paper describing the combined effects of elevated CO2 (and hence ocean acidification) and elevated P levels on growth and physiology of Sargassum muticum. The work is well designed and executed and the data presented and discussed thoroughly, although English expression is a little strange in places. I do though draw the authors attention to a couple of points: Line 239: It is stated that projected ocean acidification increased pCO2 by 138.29% (LP) and 134.08% (HP) but surely it is the changes in pCO2 that cause OA? Line 348-9: Here it is stated that "The evidence above indicates that the CO2 in seawater should be carbon limited for marine macroalgae". This is based on the high k0.5


The magnetic field of high speed maglev train mainly distributes in the small air gap between the train and the rail.The air gap magnetic field is composed by the steady magnetic field and alternationg magnetic field.The magnetic flux density is very great even to 1.2 T.In allusion to the particulatity of magnetic field distributing of high speed maglev train,a set of close loop automated magnetic field measuring system with two free degree is designed.This system is designed based on the PC.It can achieve automated measure for a fixed dot and distance of the magnetic field of the train,and put the measured data to the data-base to process later.In the actual measuring magnetic field of train experimental platform,this system is stable,measuring range is 0 to 1.5 T.


Rate constants and product selectivities for solvolyses of diphenyl phosphorochloridate in aqueous ethanol and methanol have been determined, along with additional kinetic data for solvolyses in acetone–water, D2O, MeOD, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol–water, and CF3CH2OH–EtOH. Kinetic data for solvolyses of bis(4-chlorophenyl) phosphorochloridate in the above solvents have also been obtained. The results show that these solvolyses have the following features: (i) no evidence for mechanistic changes over the solvent range ethanol to water; (ii) the largest kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE in MeOH/MeOD) yet reported for a chloride solvolysis; (iii) large rate decreases in CF3CH2OH-rich solvents, indicating a very high sensitivity to solvent nucleophilicity. The large KSIE and the product selectivities are well explained by the accepted SN2(P) mechanism, extended to incorporate two solvent molecules in the rate-determining step; i.e. reactions are third-order, with one molecule of solvent acting as nucleophile and the other acting as general base. This relatively simple theory accounts well for several important features of these solvolyses (including solvolyses in trifluoroethanol–water and –ethanol), but the third-order rate constants derived from product selectivities lead to calculated first-order rate constants which are not always in agreement with experimental values. The unexpected failure of the rate–product correlation may be due to initial-state effects, reducing values of third-order rate constants as alcohol is added to water.


Based on the traditional workflow nets cannot meet the dynamic property of grid and express data flow in the model,the paper proposed a feasible grid workflow model called extended workflow nets(EWFN).The EWFN is adapt to the requirement of dynamic of grid.And it can explicitly model not only the control flow but also the data flow.Moreover,a case is applied to represent the feasibility and advantages by using the model.


An ultra-wideband tightly coupled array antenna with low profile is proposed in this paper. PUMA arrays are broadband, but they don't always have good frequency overlap, but benefit from the size and lightness of design. The presented model is characterized by simplicity of design and simplified feeding from coaxial cables. The analyses in this paper focus on a PUMA cell as part of a tightly coupled infinite array, where the mutual coupling between the elements is used to extend the operating frequency bandwidth of the array by changing its dimensions, the shape of the dipole arms and the capacitive metal plates. Metal cylinders printed on dielectric layers adjacent to the dipoles provide capacitive coupling between the arms of the dipoles. The first design considered, with a size of 30×30 mm, has a low profile, at a high frequency of 5.13 GHz, the cell height is $\lambda_{\text{high}}/2.7$, with a frequency overlap of 4.66:1. A design with reduced dimensions was also considered, which made it possible to extend the working frequency band, it is also low profile $(\lambda_{\text{high}}/2.5)$, the frequency overlap is 4.4:1.


Descloizite, PbZnVO4(OH), is a basic vanadate of lead and zinc and forms a series with mottramite, PbCuVO4(OH). The mineral was named for Alfred Louis Olivier Legrand Des Cloizeaux (1817–97), a professor of mineralogy at the University of Paris, Paris, France. In the United States descloizite is a fairly rare secondary mineral that occurs sparingly in some oxidized lead-zinc or copper deposits in the Southwest. Notable localities are in Montana, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. Colorado descloizite occurred in two distinct and quite different types of mineral deposits. In the Uravan mineral belt, located in southwestern Colorado near the Utah border, descloizite occurred in sandstone-hosted uranium-vanadium deposits. It formed microscopic crystals interstitial to quartz grains and occurred as distinct bands along the outer boundaries of several of the uranium-vanadium deposits. Associated minerals were vanadinite, clausthalite, ferroselite, and brackebuschite (Eckel 1997). Tom Rosemeyer has mined and collected minerals in the San Juan Mountains for the past thirty-five years and is now retired from the mining industry. He is a frequent contributor to Rocks & Minerals. Figure 1. A 1910 postcard view of the Wolftone mine, Carbonate Hill, Leadville mining district. The mine was located in 1876 and named for Theobald Wolfe Tone, the father of modern Irish nationalism. Author's collection.


ABSTRACT This study was carried out to better understand non-adoption of improved varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and associated technologies by smallholder farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a survey (n = 47) and in-depth interviews (n = 20). It shows how wealth status was a factor of major importance. Most wealthy and some medium-wealthy farmers adopted improved potato varieties and many of the improved production practices; they had access to seed, associated knowledge and support, and sufficient resources that were necessary to apply the improved practices. Non-adoption was common among many medium-wealthy and most poor farmers: they lacked—next to access to the technologies and knowledge—cash, land, and labor. Results indicated the need to rethink research and intervention efforts. Next to paying attention to differences in the access to technology and the related knowledge, there is a need to consider the variation in technology needs, supporting microcredit services, and room to experiment. As a result, different combinations of improved production practices may be adopted.


The conformation of the blue light utilising flavin domain of the signalling protein AppA in the dark state is a matter of intensive research, both experimental and theoretical, and has not yet unambiguously been determined. Two contradicting X-ray structures of the dark state have been published previously. We aim at resolving this seeming contradiction by exploring conformational pathways between the two X-ray structures using advanced modelling techniques, such as local-elevation searching and sampling, soft-core non-bonded interactions and protocols of successively biasing the sampling of sets of torsional angles which adopt different values in the two alternative X-ray structures. The results suggest a high energetic barrier for a change in the Trp104 side chain from a 'Trp-in' to a 'Trp-out' conformation or vice versa, and illustrate the complexity to model conformational transitions involving a large number of degrees of freedom.


in 1987. They described a syndrome ofsevere cardiovascular dysfunction, bradyarrhythmia,decreased mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascu-lar resistance, along with an increased mean pulmo-nary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pres-sure, and central venous pressure. The etiology of thissyndrome had been attributed to acute acidosis, hyper-kalemia, and hypothermia, and the authors also con-cluded that vasoactive substances released from theliver graft may be involved.


The ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) can be obtained from processing measurements of the dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The main sources of errors in the TEC calculation are satellite and receiver biases. In this paper, we apply the gradient descent algorithm on the receiver bias estimation. The TEC is derived from measurements at 12 dual-frequency GPS stations in Thailand. The criterion of receiver bias estimation is based on the minimum sum of the vertical TEC (VTEC) standard deviation method. The results show that the maximum receiver bias value is approximately 3.69 ns at UDON station, while the minimum value is -5.91 ns at SRTN station. The accuracy of the receiver biases from this algorithm is compared with the reference method. The maximum percentage deviation is about 7.5% at SRTN station. The percentage deviation of the minimum sum of the VTEC between the reference method and the proposed method from all stations are less than 0.05%. Thus, the proposed algorithm is a viable option to estimate the receiver bias.


The fluorescent dynamic Stokes shift (FDSS) method has emphasized a time-dependent dipolar relaxation process around the single tryptophan residue (Trp31) in cytidine monophosphate kinase from E. coli (CMPK). This Trp residue, located close to the protein surface in a hydrophobic pocket, is weakly accessible to acrylamide, a water-soluble quencher. It exhibits fluorescence characteristics suitable for a detailed study of dipolar relaxation:  (i) a fluorescence decay almost monoexponential and (ii) a fluorescence emission maximum of 329 nm, in a wavelength range intermediate between those of a completely polar environment and a strongly apolar one. This emission maximum is shifted to 320 nm by decreasing the temperature to 230−240 K with glycerol as cryoprotectant. A time constant (∼100 ps) affected by a negative preexponential, evidenced in the red-edge fluorescence intensity decays, supports the existence of an excited-state reaction. A multiphasic FDSS (with time constants ranging from ∼100 ps to severa...


This study has reported the preparation of polycarbonate (PC)/graphene nanoplate (GNP)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid composite by simple melt mixing method of PC with GNP and MWCNT at 330°C above the processing temperature of the PC (processing temperature is 280°C) followed by compression molding. Through optimizing the ratio of (GNP/MWCNT) in the composites, high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) value (∼21.6 dB) was achieved at low (4 wt%) loading of (GNP/MWCNT) and electrical conductivity of ≈6.84 × 10−5 S.cm−1 was achieved at 0.3 wt% (GNP/MWCNT) loading with low percolation threshold (≈0.072 wt%). The high temperature melt mixing of PC with nanofillers lowers the melt viscosity of the PC that has helped for better dispersion of the GNPs and MWCNTs in the PC matrix and plays a key factor for achieving high EMI shielding value and high electrical conductivity with low percolation threshold than ever reported in PC/MWCNT or PC/graphene composites. With this method, the formation of continuous conducting interconnected GNP-CNT-GNP or CNT-GNP-CNT network structure in the matrix polymer and strong π–π interaction between the electron rich phenyl rings and oxygen atom of PC chain, GNP, and MWCNT could be possible throughout the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


Memes have successfully disseminated various information on social media, albeit in a humorous tone. Journalism and journalists, however, remain uncertain in using memes as part of news work. Previous studies have revealed that variables related to journalism such as news values, participatory culture, public opinion, disinformation and credibility may be relevant in decisions to use memes in journalistic work. This survey from the Philippines employed partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to determine the factors that Filipino journalists (N = 138) consider in using political memes as a journalistic tool. This study is theoretically anchored on the theory of planned behaviour and the multilevel model of meme diffusion. It was found that the variables public opinion, news values, participatory culture and disinformation indirectly affect the production of political memes through mediation by intention. However, credibility was found to be insignificant. As well, results show that intention has a direct effect on the production of political memes. These results indicate that regardless of the degree of the variables' existence, journalists still carry some intentions to produce political memes. Study results can provide reflections should journalists and their news organizations employ memes as a tool for credible news production, not as tools for disinformation.


Experimental evidence is presented that an unmodulated electron beam moving through a homogeneous plasma is unstable. A 40-mm long Ar discharge is observed by probe methods, and the densities and oscillatory properties of the plasma electrons are found. It is suggested that the beam of electrons (which comes from the cathode) becomes unstable, and excites growing longitudinal plasma oscillations, as a result of a decreasing plasma density gradient. (T.F.H.)


The band-edge potential and photocurrent density of N-face GaN were experimentally determined to be more negative and greater than those of Ga-face GaN, respectively, in this photoelectrochemical experiment. These results indicate that the N-face GaN could generate much more hydrogen than Ga-face GaN. Although the time dependence of the photocurrent density of N-face GaN was almost constant, that of Ga-face GaN stabilized only after 260 min of reaction time. From these results, we conclude that N-face GaN, which has a more negative band-edge potential and a more stable photocurrent density, could be suitable for higher-photocurrent generation than Ga-face GaN.


Artificial Intelligence has been established to predict the future performance of the trading in modern era including Statistics, Computer Science, and economics, especially the stack market. By analyzing the big data, making the financial decision is important for investors in the stock market. As records, several techniques like Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) are used to predict the stock price but due to its computation complexity is major challenging of time serious financial data in the decision-making process. In this paper, we have proposed the Recurrent Q Network Learning (RQNL) to make the right decision according to movements of stock prices as reliable attention. To overcome the computational complexity shortcoming, the forgotten memory is developed in a neural network. In this way, the error arousal is pruned in a significant manner. In addition, Enhancing the prediction ability is outstanding, and reinforcement learning is demonstrated to reduce the correlations in time series data. Discussion and evaluation were based on the NSE dataset are experimented with three different learning approaches, with the proposed method for stock prediction of financial markets. The experiment result carried out that our proposed Recurrent Q Network Learning (RQNL) performs the perfect prediction compared with other existing learning.


Reviewed book: MOSER, R.; TOSTA, A. (Eds.). Luso-American Literature : Writings by Portuguese-Speaking Authors in North America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011. 375 p.


This paper presents an unsupervised method for extracting parallel sentence pairs from a comparable corpus. A translation system is used to mine the comparable corpus and to detect parallel sentence pairs. An iterative process is implemented not only to increase the number of extracted parallel sentence pairs but also to improve the overall quality of the translation system. A comparison between this unsupervised method and a semi-supervised method is also presented. The unsupervised method was tested in a hard condition: no available parallel corpus to bootstrap the process and the comparable corpus contained up to 50% of non parallel data. The experiments conducted show that the unsupervised method can be really applied in the case of lacking parallel data. While preliminary experiments are conducted on French-English translation, this unsupervised method is also applied successfully to a low e-resourced language pair (French-Vietnamese).


Salinity is a vital factor in reducing cucumber yield and quality. Grafting on the resistant rootstock could keep growth near to optimum condition. The present research aimed to investigate the characteristics of different rootstocks on the physiology and fruit characteristics of cucumber. Treatments were rootstocks ['Rn': Nongrafted (Cucumis sativus v. DAVOSII), 'Rt': Tanbal (Cucurbita maxima), 'Rg': Ghalyani (Lagenaria siceraria), 'Rk': Karela (Momordica charantia), 'Rkh': Khoreshi (Cucurbita pepo)] and salinity concentration included 0 (S1), 30 (S2) and 60 (S3) mM with three replications. Most of the fruit characteristics and physiology parameters like fruit weight and firmness, fruit length/diameter, photosynthesis rate, transpiration decreased with salinity. When grafted plants were used, physiological parameters improved in 'Rkh', 'Rk' at salinity compare with 'Rn'. Transpiration decreased with salinity in Rkh and Rg and did not change in 'Rn'. The highest transpiration was seen in 'Rn' in all salinity levels. Fruit quality is mostly improved at 'Rg' in salinity. TSS increased in 'Rg' and 'Rkh' in S2. Firmness decreased with S3 in 'Rg' and Rkh significantly. Na absorption was highest in 'Rn' and conversely, K concentration was lowest in 'Rn'. Na concentration did not affect salinity levels in other rootstock and was lower than 'Rn'. On the other hands, K concentration increased in 'Rk' and 'Rkh' in all salinity levels. Generally, using rootstocks like 'Rk', 'Rkh', and 'Rg' improved fruit quality and physiological aspect of grafted cucumber in saline soil.


Introduction: To know adverse drug reactions when Aspirin is prescribed with Antihypertensive medications.
Materials and Methods:Prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital, total 60 patients of age Casuality assessment of all ADRs was done by Naranjo ADR scalegroup 18 to 65 years were included in the study, It is a 12 week study, clinical examination done at enrollment and with subsequent follow up at 4,8 and 12 weeks,Base line investigations done at enrollment and at 12 weeks ,ADR monitoring done at each follow up
Results:Out of 45 patients who experienced adverse effects, causality assessment shows that Aspirin is responsible for producing ADRs in 15 patients and in Betablocker therapy and 26% in Aspirin with thiazide diuretics and 16% in aspirin with ACE inhibitors or Calcium channel blockersremaining 30 patients, Aspirin interaction is likely cause for ADRs, Incidence of adverse effects is 40% in Aspirin with concomitant
Conclusion: This study shows Betablockers and Thiazide diuretics in treatment of hypertension,Incidence of ADRs is high in elderly patients,increased incidence of Adverse drug reactions (though these are mild ADRs) when Aspirin is added to Betablockers and Thiazide diuretics in treatment of hypertension,Incidence of ADRs is high in elderly patients.

Keywords:Aspirin, Betablockers, Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, Thiazide diuretics, Naranjo scale


Abstract : This engineering test of the flare, surface, parachute, XM183, was performed to determine if the test item meets the criteria of the SDR and is safe for service testing. The test items were subjected to 12 environmental subtests and were fired for performance and safety data. Three deficiencies of the system tested were noted.


of language. This assumption follows along the well-trodden paths of certain types of literary criticism; but the deadening effect of this sort of heavy-handed analysis can serve only to dispel the charm of the poems that are under consideration. Perspectives on the T'ang deserves a warm welcome. It forms yet another book which teachers of Chinese history will add to their lists of recommended reading for students; and historians of the West may learn from this volume how far professional scholarship has advanced in the study of this fascinating period.


This paper presents the ana1ytica1 and experimenta1 studies of the dynamic response and the instabi1ity of an articu1ated offshore 10ading p1atform in regu1ar waves without a tanker mooring to it. For eva1uation of the hydrodynamic 10ads,the modified form of Morison's equation which a110ws for the re1ative motion of the structure and waves has been used. A time-domain step by step method has been emp10yed for solving this non1inear prob1em. The axia1 and 1atera1 shear forces at the ALP universa1 joint were computed by Newman's slender body theory for a spar type body. The phenomenon of the ALP instabi1ity is studied by Matieu's equation 且, where the variation of stiffness due to heave force and due to heave force re1ated to the ALPmotion in waves are both investigated ,respective1y. An extensive mode1 test program with two sca1es 1/150 and 1/50 of a sing1e point mooring articu1ated 10ading p1atform designed to operate out in the North Sea is carried out in wave tanks. An attempt has been made to compare the computed sol utions with the tested rlesu1 ts both in trends and in magnitudes. Thetrends appear to be genera11y simi1iar ,except for 1arge discrepancies in magnitude for pitch ang1es and acce1erations for mode1 sca1e 1150. The phenomenon of dynamic instabi1ity has not been observed in the experiments. However,when the ratio of weight and buoyancy is greater than 0.95 ,this phenomenon has been ca1cu1ated ana1yt:ica11y at the second and the fourth harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the structure. The ca1cu1ated axia1 and 1atera1 shear 10adii!lare in genera1 sma11er than the experimenta1 resu1ts. A11 above mentioned discrepancies need to be investigated further ,both in ana1ytica1 methods and experimenta1 techniques.


The present study target was to investigate the impact of Project M&E on institutions' performance from the view point of primary schools in Bugesera District. The project aims to improve learning outcomes for P5 and P6 pupils in 15 selected in Bugesera districts' primary schools. It seeks to do this by enhancing teaching and learning process quality in P5 and P6 with methods of innovation and technology so as to increase the content and teaching methodology of language teacher self-academy project monitoring and evaluation and its impact on school performance was analyzed and compared, considering performance of students. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey design. The study population comprised 956 in total including 300 teachers, 15 head teachers, 15 SEO's and 615 students of 15 primary schools in Bugesera district and 11 plan international officers. The researcher used simple randomly sampling to select the schools; hence 5 schools will be sampled. Simple Stratified sampling was used to categorize the sampled schools according to their zones and size. The researcher used the Yamane formula to determine the sample size of teachers, students and school administration, SEO's and Plan International Officers. And at each school level, the teachers were purposively sampled. The author used the questionnaire and interview to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.0. This study concluded that was a significant positive correlation between project monitoring and evaluation of school's activities and academic performance in English for P5&P6 (r=0.715). Based on the findings for this study, the researcher concluded that project monitoring and evaluation greatly influenced academic performance in schools and that the TSLA project implementation process needs to be monitored and evaluated to enhance more efficiency. This is because most of the respondents (81.7%) indicated that the teachers and students needs more resources for academic activities and TSLA should help them for their performance, lesson pan preparation, use of ICT and schemes of work, which are implementation practices of TSLA activities, increases academic performance in English. From the research findings the researcher made the following recommendations: Project Monitoring and evaluation help the institution to perform better especially primary and secondary schools so TSLA projects coordinators and plan international should influence more the TSLA activities in the schools to enhance students' academic performance in Bugesera District .School management and SEO should audit every day activities to make follow up on TSLA's activities to raise students' academic performance.


The algebraic approach is implemented with a procedure able to correct the observed reflection intensities in such a way that the modified intensities yield positive or semi-positive Karle-Hauptman matrices. By the modified intensities it is possible to determine the (almost infinitely resolved) Patterson map. The de-convolution of the latter yields the unit-cell atomic configuration. The procedure works satisfactorily for one-dimensional crystals containing up to twenty atoms in the unit cell.


One of the pressing concerns in rural health nursing education is effective student preparation for rural area work. This study will describe the results of a survey taken of nursing students who underwent their community health practicum at the Beaconsfield Multi Purpose Service (MPS) in Beaconsfield, Tasmania. Four of the five students placed responded to a 14-point questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate how useful the experience was for them, and how much they had learned about primary health care in the rural community setting. The results were highly satisfactory, and indicate that MPS placement may be a valuable option for other institutions which favour rural student placements.


The Mohoș peatland is used as environmental archives of deposition for major (Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) and minor elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn). The intense mining activity of Cu-rich pyrite and polymetallic sulfide ore from Bălan districts during the past centuries with a strong pollution impact was the reason why the Mohoș peatland, located in the vicinity of a mining area, was selected for this study. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the peat have been determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The identification of the main processes affecting the concentrations of the elements in peat was statistically evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), and the identification of the main groups was determined by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Our results revealed that the source of chemical and mineralogical peat samples is mainly geogenic with most of the elements being accumulated following the disintegration of parental material and through volcanic activity. For Pb, Zn, Ni, Al, and Sr, the concentrations were influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities, such as mining, burning of fossil fuels, traffic activities, and metallurgy. Copper was influenced by anthropogenic activities. The distribution maps of trace elements were built only for the area in which the samples were taken.


For a power distribution system with distributed generation (DG) units, its fault current and induced overvoltage under abnormal conditions should be taken into account seriously. In consideration that applying superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) may be a feasible solution, in this project, the effects of a voltage compensation type active SFCL on them are studied through theoretical derivation and simulation. The active SFCL is composed of an air-core superconducting transformer and a PWM converter. The magnetic field in the air-core can be controlled by adjusting the converters output current, and then the active SFCLs equivalent impedance can be regulated for current limitation and possible overvoltage suppression. During the study process, in view of the changes in the locations of the DG units connected to the system, the DG units injection capacities and the fault positions, the active SFCLs current-limiting and overvoltage suppressing characteristics are both simulated in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the active SFCL can play an obvious role in restraining the fault current and overvoltage, and it can contribute to avoiding damage on the relevant distribution equipment and improve the systems safety and reliability. I Increasing fault current threats In response to ever growing needs for electricity, power producers have been expanding the power grids continually, particularly with the proliferation of independent power producers (IPP's). Technical advancements and promotions of various types of renewable energy generation have also led to a large number of distributed generators (DG's) connected to the power grids. Fig 1.1 shows a diagram of added electricity generations to a power grid. However, this fast expansion of generation capacity obscures a hidden issue, which must be resolved: the potential fault current levels keep increasing as the source impedances are lowered due to the paralleled connections of the growing number of generators. Asa result, the potential short-circuit current levels increase substantially, approaching the limits of the devices in existing power systems, including the cables, switchgears, protection devices, and loads. Specifically, if the fault current levels exceed the interruption ratings of existing protection devices, such as fuses and circuit breakers, the equipment will suffer serious damage. In extreme cases, failure to interrupt fault current may destroy insulation of conductors and oil-filled equipment, causing fire or explosion. Fig 1.1 Parallel IPP and DG decrease source impedance and increase potential fault current level on the power system II FAULT CURRENT LIMITERS The aforementioned technologies are fault current interruption devices with fault current limiting features. Alternatively, fault current limiter (FCL) is another solution to the fault current crisis. Instead of interrupting the fault current, which usually needs to wait for the next zero crossing of current, an FCL inserts high impedance to the power line almost immediately after the fault occurrence and limits the fault current at a low level. During normal operations, the impedance is kept low enough to be negligible to the system. For more than two decades, various approaches in FCL technology have been explored. Research has provided classifications and insights to the FCL concepts in prior-art. In general, the FCL technologies can be classified into the following categories: 1) Superconducting FCL 2) Solid-state FCL 3) Magnetic FCL The categorization is based on the major techniques used by FCL's. Each of these techniques (solid-state switches, International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research (2278-7844) / # 47 / Volume 5 Issue 9 © 2016 IJAIR. All Rights Reserved 47 superconductors, magnetic, etc.) has their own characteristics that can provide favorable performance or features to the FCL. On the other hand, each of them as their own drawbacks or technical challenges. In this context, a number of different derivations of FCL topologies combining techniques have been studied and developed. It should be noted that although FCL's have been studied in the labs for more than two decades, it is a relatively new field in terms of R&D and applications. Multiple topologies have been proposed, but only a few have been put into field tests. Instead of interrupting the fault current, which usually needs to wait for the next zero crossing of current, an FCL inserts high impedance to the power line almost immediately after the fault occurrence and limits the fault current at a low level. During normal operations, the impedance is kept low enough to be negligible to the system. Therefore, there is no "prevailing" topology: new possible solutions are still being explored and tested. Fig 2.1 illustrates the most recognized FCL technologies and the relationships among them. III PROPOSED CONCEPT Due to increased consumption demand and high cost of natural gas and oil, distributed generation (DG), which generates electricity from many small energy sources, is becoming one of main components in distribution systems to feed electrical loads. The introduction of DG into a distribution network may bring lots of advantages, such as emergency backup and peak shaving. However, the presence of these sources will lead the distribution network to lose its radial nature, and the fault current level will increase. Besides, when a single-phase grounded fault happens in a distribution system with isolated neutral, over voltages will be induced on the other two health phases, and in consideration of the installation of multiple DG units, the impacts of the induced over voltages on the distribution network's insulation stability and operation safety should be taken into account seriously. Aiming at the mentioned technical problems, applying superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) may be a feasible solution. For the application of some type of SFCL into a distribution network with DG units, a few works have been carried out, and their research scopes mainly focus on currentlimitation and improvement of protection coordination of protective devices. Nevertheless, with regard to using a SFCL for suppressing the induced overvoltage, the study about it is relatively less. In view of that the introduction of a SFCL can impact the coefficient of grounding, which is a significant contributor to control the induced overvoltage's amplitude; the change of the coefficient may bring positive effects on restraining overvoltage. We have proposed voltage compensation type active SFCL in previous work, and analyzed the active SFCL's control strategy and its influence on relay protection. In addition, a 800 V/30 A laboratory prototype was made, and its working performances were confirmed well. IV MATLAB International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research (2278-7844) / # 48 / Volume 5 Issue 9 © 2016 IJAIR. All Rights Reserved 48 V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE This project provides how Traditional Generation is differing from Distributed Generation. In this project, a comparative analysis of the active SFCL and FCL in a power distribution network with DG units is investigated. For the power frequency overvoltage caused by a single-phase grounded fault, the active SFCL can help to reduce the overvoltage's amplitude and avoid damaging the relevant distribution equipment. But from the simulation analysis the FCL can as well suppress the shortcircuit current induced by a three-phase grounded fault effectively compared to the Active SFCL, and the power system's safety and reliability can be improved. In recently years, more and more dispersed energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic solar power, are installed into distribution systems. This project is the quick review of Distributed Generation in India, its need, importance in near future. Therefore, the study of a coordinated control method for the renewable energy sources and the FCL becomes very meaningful, and it will be performed in future. REFERENCES [1] S. Conti, "Analysis of distribution network protection issues in presence of dispersed generation, "Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 49–56, Jan. 2009. [2] A. S. Emhemed, R. M. Tumilty, N. K. Singh, G. M. Burt, and J. R. McDonald, "Analysis of transient stability enhancement of LV connected induction micro generators by using resistive-type fault current limiters," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 885–893, May 2010. [3] S.-Y. Kim and J.-O. Kim, "Reliability evaluation of distribution network with DG considering the reliability of protective devices affected by SFCL,"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 3561–3569, Oct. 2011. [4] S. A. A. Shahriari, A. Yazdian, and M. R. Haghifam, "Fault current limiter allocation and sizing in distribution system in presence of distributed generation," inProc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet., Calgary, AB, Canada, Jul. 2009, pp. 1–6. [5] S. Hemmati and J. Sadeh, "Applying superconductive fault current limiter to minimize the impacts of distributed generation on the distribution protection systems," in Proc. Int. Conf. Environ. Electr. Eng., Venice, Italy, May 2012, pp. 808–813. [6] S.-H. Lim, J.-S. Kim, M.-H. Kim, and J.-C. Kim, "Improvement of protection coordination of protective devices through application of a SFCL in a power distribution system with a dispersed generation," IEEE Trans. Appl. Super cond., vol. 22, no. 3, p. 5601004, Jun. 2012. [7] L. Chen, Y. Tang, J. Shi, and Z. Sun, "Simulations and experimental analyses of the active superconducting fault current limiter, "Phys. C, vol. 459, no. 1/2, pp. 27–32, Aug. 2007. [8] L. Chen, Y. Tang, J. Shi, Z. Li, L. Ren, and S. Cheng, "Control strategy for three-phase four-wire PWM converter of integrated voltage compensation type active SFCL, "Phys. C, vol. 470, no. 3, pp. 231– 235, Feb. 2010. [9] L. Chen, Y. J. Tang, J. Shi, L. Ren, M. Song, S. J. Cheng, Y. Hu, and X. S. C


Atherosclerotic plaque is the hidden culprit of angina and infarction. Commonly, we assume that a coronary plaque that causes ischaemia and/or angina is clinically relevant, although we have learned that even non-obstructive plaques can cause acute coronary syndromes. The assessment of haemodynamically relevant plaques is challenging. The so-called gold standard, i.e. coronary angiography, only provides an estimate of the significance of luminal narrowing as it provides only a two-dimensional pictures of the lumen and, unless it is analysed quantitatively, also involves a lot of subjectivity. Intracoronary imaging with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), although invasive, has a big advantage in that it can provide both a quantitative and three-dimensional assessment of the entire coronary tree, as outlined in the Consensus Document entitled 'Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: Guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions.' authored by Lorenz Räber and colleagues from the European Society of Cardiology Scientific Document Group. Intracoronary imaging can be used to guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), particularly in patients with complex anatomy. Specifically, prior to PCI, IVUS or OCT can be used for optimizing stent sizing (stent length and diameter) and planning the procedural strategy. Postimplantation, the consensus group recommends key parameters that characterize an optimal PCI result, and provides cut-offs to guide corrective measures and optimize the stenting result. Moreover, routine performance of intracoronary imaging in patients with stent failure (restenosis or stent thrombosis) is recommended, although further research is required. Molecular imaging goes a step further and uses molecules involved in the atherosclerotic process to visualize vulnerable plaques that require particular attention. In their article 'Myeloperoxidase is a potential molecular imaging and therapeutic target for the identification and stabilization of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque', Roland Stocker and colleagues from the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute in Darlinghurst, North South Wales, Australia used the inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is abundantly expressed in ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. They employed the tandem stenosis model of plaque instability in apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE) mice. To test the role of MPO, they used MpoApoE double knockout mice and the 2-thioxanthine MPO inhibitor AZM198. MPO activity was twofold greater in plaque with unstable compared with stable phenotype. Genetic deletion of MPO significantly increased fibrous cap thickness, and decreased plaque fibrin and haemosiderin content in plaque of the unstable phenotype. AZM198 inhibited MPO activity and increased fibrous cap thickness, and decreased fibrin and haemosiderin in unstable plaques, without affecting lesion monocytes and red blood cell markers, or circulating leukocytes and lipids. MPOgadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated sustained enhancement of plaque with unstable phenotype on T1weighted imaging that was two-fold greater than in stable plaques, and was attenuated by both AZM198 treatment and deletion of the MPO gene. Thus, MPO is involved in plaque instability, and noninvasive imaging and pharmacological inhibition of plaque MPO activity hold promise for clinical translation in the management of high-risk coronary artery disease (CAD), as outlined in an Editorial by Willem Mulder from the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute in New York, USA. Although IVUS, OCT, and, in the future, also molecular imaging provide insights into the vulnerability of plaques, they provide only indirect evidence as to their haemodynamic relevance. This is the domain of pressure wire assessment of coronary stenosis, which is considered the invasive reference standard today for the detection of ischaemia-generating lesions. Recently, methods to estimate the fractional flow reserve (FFR) from conventional angiography without


At the northernmost three sites, annual mean air and ground temperatures vary significantly in a cyclic manner with high temperatures in the late 1980s and late 1990s and maxima in 1989 and in 1998–1999. Temperatures were colder earlier in mid-1980s and slightly colder in the early 1990s. There was a long-term increase in temperatures during the entire period of measurements. Annual mean air temperatures at all three sites are very similar, while the ground and permafrost temperatures at West Dock are several degrees colder than at Deadhorse and Franklin Bluffs. A significantly shallower and slightly more conductive snow cover and a smaller range in seasonal air temperature variations at the West Dock site are responsible for these differences. The recent warming increased soil temperatures about 3°C over long-term averages. Annual mean temperatures of the ground and permafrost surfaces near Ivotuk are about 2 to 3°C, which is 2 to 3°C warmer than at the Deadhorse and Franklin Bluffs sites. This probably attributes to the differences in the snow cover thickness and its thermal properties. Permafrost, Phillips, Springman & Arenson (eds) © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 582 7


Abstract Urea, in amounts of either 0%, .5% or .75%, was added to silages containing 37 to 40% dry matter (DM) in Experiment I (1968) and 38 to 42% DM in Experiment II (1969). Acetic acid production in all silages was essentially complete after 5 days of fermentation while lactic acid production continued for 25 days. The production of propionic, butyric, and lactic acids increased (P 3 -N accounted for 23 to 44% of this decrease in urea-N. In the lactation trials, 24 Holstein cows were in a 3×3 Latin square design with three 28-day periods. Experimental silages were fed in amounts to maintain 10% weigh back daily. Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. In Experiment I, cows fed 0% and .50% urea silages consumed more (P


ABSTRACT Two experiments examined meaning (re)activation of English idiomatic expressions by Spanish-dominant, English-dominant and balanced bilinguals. Participants listened to idiomatic expressions of the type I always 3*miss the boat1 * when it comes to jokes, and that2 * makes it nearly4 * impossible to attend comedy shows, and made lexical decisions to visually presented targets that were related literally (water), figuratively (fail) or unrelated to the critical idiomatic expression. In Experiment 1, we measured meaning activation immediately at idiom offset (probe 1*) and after an anaphoric referential description (e.g., that; probe 2*). Probe 2 was intended to further examine whether an anaphoric referential description was more likely to (re)activate its antecedent figurative interpretation that could be more pragmatically plausible than its literal representation. In Experiment 2, targets were presented at idiom onset and 300 ms after anaphor offset. Results revealed that idiom meaning (re)activation was modulated by language dominance, where English-dominant and balanced bilinguals had faster and more accurate responses than Spanish-dominant bilinguals.


According to actual production straightening heavier rail of energy consumption,rolling process before sliding,straightening pressure and straightness,stress and strain of five aspects,establish a high-speed heavy rail flat vertical composite straightening control technology model.This model is applied to practical production,the results show that the model can accurately calculate the pressure of different specifications for heavy rail under share,predicted straightness and numerical corresponds with the measured data,the control process model design parameters of the initial requirements,the effect is good.


The main objective of present study is to obtain informations for internal flow characteristics, such as velocity and pressure. Double volute model is simulated by using FLUENT V.14.5. The study was carried out the results by comparing with different examples, changing a degree of volute wall. The final results showed that there were existed uniform pressure and velocity near volute in case 2 and also higher pressure in case 2 than in case 1 at outlet.


Cardiovascular disease is becoming the leading cause of death in developed countries in recent decades. Coronary artery bypass surgery (for small diameter < 4 mm graft) is performed annually in the world to cure this disease. Autogenous saphenous veins, synthetic grafts, and/or acellular human umbilical veins are presently used as vascular replacement in surgery. However, limited availability of the graft and the constrained conduit diameter still troubled clinical doctors. In addition, the recurrences of obstructed blood vessels, thrombosis, and elicitation of serious immune response challenged researchers as well. The objective of this study is to fabricate an adequate blood vessel substitute with suitable mechanical property and biocompatibility for clinical applications. In this study, we are going to prepare blood vessel based on type I collagen membrane, which could offer temporary supports for tissue organization, repair, and remodeling. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells harvested from endocardium, bladder, and blood vessel, respectively, will be seeded on a preformed scaffold for cell proliferation and differentiation. In the animal study, we found that endothelial cells could survive and smoothly cover the whole surface area of the scaffold. Smooth muscle cells could proliferate and show positive reaction by vWF immunostain. This study was designed to mimic the structure & morphology of the natural artery. We expect that the cultured construct will eventually develop into a physiologically functional blood vessel and can provide an alternate source of vascular grafts for patients who lack sufficient conduit in the future.


Decomposition of the extremely explosive and unstable parent compound of 1-azidoalkynes, HCCN3 (azidoacetylene), was studied in the gas phase, solid argon matrix, and solutions. In the gas phase, this azide decomposes quickly at room temperature with a half-life time (t1/2) of 20 min at an initial pressure (p0) of 0.8 mbar. The decay (p0 = 1.0 mbar) is significantly increased in an atmosphere of O2 with t1/2 of 3 min, in which HC(O)CN was identified as the trapping product of the cyanocarbene intermediate HCCN. Trapping products of this carbene by solvent molecules (CH2Cl2 and CHCl3) were also found during decomposition of the azide in solution, whereas the reaction with a solution of bromine to form dibromoacetonitrile is interpreted as taking place by nucleophilic attack of the alkyne itself. The intermediary formation of triplet HCCN by flash vacuum pyrolysis and photolysis (255 nm) of the azide in the gas phase and in solid argon matrices, respectively, was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and mutual photo-interconversion of HCCN with isomeric cyclo-C(H)CN (azirinylidene) and HCNC by selective irradiations at 16 K.


Fintech is an emerging industry in India, which enables the delivery of financial services with the help of technology to the customers and financial institutions. This system is much faster, more affordable, and more accessible, as compared to the traditional financial system that operates throughout the world. It enables the real-time availability of data at your convenience. In short, the customer can go online and carry out financial transactions as per their need and tools available for the customers. The fintech industry has been picking up pace in recent times and thus, it has become essential to understand how do they work and affect the customers traditionally availing the financial services. Fintech is not just the talk of the town, but way ahead to reach heights to sustain and compete in the marketplace. This paper is about how the fintech industry is growing in India and what lies in the future for this industry. With the help of a case study of Ringmoney, we can recognize the huge scope of this industry in India and can see that there has been increasing acceptance from the people.


: An industry-specific plan for the heavy engineering industry was introduced by the federal Labor government in 1986. It is an important subject for several reasons. Heavy engineering is a vital industry but receives little publicity. The manner of the plan's introduction is representative of Labor's priorities in its first period of office. The plan's character was exemplary in its forward-looking emphasis on reconstruction. Finally, the adverse bureaucratic environment in which the plan operated provides salutary lessons for cost-efficient and workable industry policy in the future.


Neurosonography with Doppler is of great importance to diagnose and prognosticate post-asphyxia conditions (PAC). Children with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 15-20% of cases exhibit thalamic lesions and/or basal ganglia on their neurosonogram. Objective. Objective of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of blood flow parameters of striatal arteries in term newborn infants with varying degrees of asphyxia at birth. Materials and methods. 193 infants without congenital malformations were examined. 7 groups were formed according to the degree of asphyxia and concomitant conditions. Neurosonography with Doppler was conducted for all the newborns under study. Examinations were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days of life. Results of the study. From the first to the third day of life in all groups there was an increase of indicators of both systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities and reduced IR in striatal arteries . Reperfusion changes the most strongly manifested in groups of children with severe asphyxia, which recorded stronger and held longer in children with symptoms infection. The same trend was seen of blood flow of the main vessels of the brain. Significantly less pronounced phase of reperfusion was a group of children held therapeutic hypothermia. Later increased systolic blood flow and resistance indices (RI) in all the groups were found. However, in the groups of children with severe asphyxia, who demonstrated neurosonographic signs of destruction, lower rates on the 28th day of life were found. Conclusions. Blood flow in striatal arteries differ between the groups of children with varying severity and asphyxia may be used to predict the age of 28 days.


The distributed accounting method of blockchain, together with its decentralized and tamper proof characteristics, can solve the problem of lack of food safety traceability data and low credibility, which enable the traceability requirements of food chain traceability, problem food recall, food circulation information query. It also improves the food flow mode, and establishes a new food safety ecosystem. This paper innovatively integrates the principle of blockchain into the traceability and circulation process of Hebei cold chain food. In order to find the proportion and distribution of various types of commodities in the circulation of imported and domestic cold chain food in Hebei Province, the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, chi square test, association rules and other analysis methods are used. The results show that the demand for cold chain food in Hebei Province is mainly domestic food and supplemented by imported food. Cold chain poultry is the main need and other cold chain food is supplement. The flow of imported cold chain food is mainly from the surrounding provinces and cities. Furthermore, in the process of tracing the positive commodities, it is found that there are four main modes of commodity circulation in Hebei Province, namely, family model from farmer, wholesale market, new retail and multi-level sales model. The new retail and multi-level sales model fill the gap in the distribution and circulation of cold chain goods in Hebei Province.


The paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of modern problems with extreme positions and the use of the conceptual apparatus of the quantitative component of the problem. It is noted that to date there is no single point of view on the concept of "extreme" and his close concepts and definitions. It is shown that there should be a universal approach to the problem of the unity of which must be expressed through the rationale of quantitative characteristics of existing factors and performance responses of the body.


The study is aimed at analyzing the portfolio of pension funds investment by Pension Funds Administrators in Nigeria. Therefore, this study employed Ex-post facto research designs. The study utilized data from secondary source. Data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the National Pension Commission (PenCom) that made up the sample for the study for the period 2007 to Third Quarter 2012. The population of the study is the thirty – five (35) licensed Pension Fund operators and the Approved Existing Scheme. The sample was drawn randomly, thus thirtyfive (35) pension fund operators were selected for the study. In this direction, a sample time frame of six years was used for the study covering the period 2007 to third quarter 2012. In this study, data generated through the secondary source were subjec0ted to empirical test and statistical analysis using multiple Regression and Covariance\Correlation Matrix. The result showed that equity which had the highest percent in the portfolio also returned the highest value of N2.8528bn. The consistent increase in return over an increase in the weight of the asset classes in the portfolio suggests a direct relationship between size of asset in a portfolio and its return. We therefore recommend that Capital Market Operators are enjoined to continuously scan the macro-economic environment and liaise with institutional investors, in order to develop investible products that will satisfy the risk-reward profile of institutional investors. We also call for increased Investors' confidence; there is need for high corporate governance practices, market discipline and strict enforcement of rules in the capital market. The National Pension Commission will continue to partner with relevant stakeholders, make its Investment Regulation more flexible and encourage increased pension fund investments in order to further develop and deepen the Nigerian capital market.


Microstructures in the Fe-Mn system depend strongly on Mn Content. The mechanical properties of these alloys have been examined by several workers, but many obscure points have remained and are not well understood. Purpose of this report is to identify the microstructural dependence of the tensile properties of 16 to 36 wt % Mn steels.


We study the equivalence problem under projective transformation for CR-hypersurfaces of complex projective space. A complete set of projective differential invariants for analytic hypersurfaces is given. The self-dual strongly ℂ-linearly convex hypersurfaces are characterized.


Thedistribution andquantitation ofenteroviruses among water, suspended solids, andcompactsediments in a polluted estuary aredescribed. Samples were collected sequentially fromwater,suspended solids, fluffy sediments (uppermost layer ofbottomsediments), andcompactsediment. A total of103samples were examined ofwhich27(26%)were positive forvirus. Polioviruses were recovered mostoften, followed by coxsackie Bviruses andechoviruses 7and29.Virus wasfoundmostoften attached tosuspended solids: 72%of these samples were positive, whereas only14%ofwatersamples without solids yielded virus. Fluffy sediments yielded virus in47% ofthesamples, whereas only5% ofcompactbottom-sediment samples were positive. Whenassociated withsolids, poliovirus androtavirus retained their infectious quality for19days. Thesame viruses remained infectious foronly9dayswhenfreely suspended inseawater. Collection ofsuspended solids at ambient waterpH appearstobeveryuseful forthedetection ofvirus; ithasadvantages overcollecting and processing large volumes ofwater, withaccompanying pHadjustment andsalt addition forprocessing. Over8x 109gallons (3x 1010 liters) ofmunicipal sewage, ofwhichonlyone-half receives secondary treatment, are discharged eachdayinto theinshore watersoftheUnited States. Theseeffluents contain asmanyas200detectable infectious viruses pergallon (3.785 liters) (22, 26). Outbreaks ofinfectious hepatitis andnonbacterial gastroenteritis traced totheconsumption ofshellfish harvested frompolluted coastal wateremphasize thesignificance attached tothe occurrence andpersistence ofhumanviruses inthemarine environment. Affinity ofviruses formixedliquor-suspended solids dur


Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive intervention that can be used to diagnose and treat many intrauterine and endocervical problems. Hysteroscopic polypectomy, myomectomy are just a few of the commonly performed procedures. Hysteroscopy has nearly replaced standard D&C for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), as it allows for direct visualization and diagnosis of intrauterine abnormalities, and it often offers an opportunity for simultaneous treatment. Operative hysteroscopy is a safe procedure resulting in complication in 0.95-3% of cases. The most frequently observed complications include hemorrhage (2.4%), uterine perforation (1.5%), and cervical laceration (1-11%). Another rare complication is excessive fluid absorption with or without resultant hyponatremia. Can use of ultrasound guidance during operative hysteroscopy decrease the rate of the operative complication?

 To assess the value of ultrasound guidance for operative hysteroscopy on decreasing the complication and improving the success rate of the procedure.

 It is estimated that a sample size of 88 patients that were divided to 44 patients in the Ultrasound guidance group and 44 patients in the group that didn't perform ultrasound. The patients were encountered from those presented at the gynecology clinic of the Ain Shams university hospital or those presented at ECDU with the inclusion criteria in the period between December 2017 to November 2018. The patients were approached to participate on study and a written informed consent was taken from all the patients.

 Comparative study between the 2 groups revealed; highly significant increase in success rate in ultrasound guided hysteroscopy (USH) group; compared to conventional hysteroscopy (CH) group; with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01) and non-significant difference as regards failure and complications rates (p > 0.05).

 Our study found that ultrasound assistance for difficult hysteroscopy reported that ultrasound appears to be a safe and reliable method of assistance.


A 40-year-old male patient with normal hemodynamics got admitted to our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for postoperative observation. Multipara monitor was attached. It displayed noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) of 130/0 mmHg [Figure-1]. On repeated measurements, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was always reported to be zero while patient's systolic blood pressure (SBP) varied between 130 and 180 mmHg. NIBP was measured in the opposite arm which also showed zero DBP. On auscultatory measurement using mercury sphygmomanometer, patient's blood pressure (BP) was 140/70 mmHg. Similar values were recorded when a new multipara monitor was attached. This faulty monitor was attached to another patient and it displayed similar readings (zero) of DBP. The service engineer of the manufacturer was contacted, and the monitor was sent for service and repair.


The aim of this study was to provide an experimental investigation on the novel method for recycling chips of duplex stainless steel, with the addition of vanadium carbide, in order to produce metal/carbide composites from a high-energy mechanical milling process. Powders of duplex stainless steel with the addition of vanadium carbide were prepared by high-energy mechanical ball milling utilizing a planetary ball mill. For this proposal, experiments following a full factorial design with two replicates were planned, performed, and then analyzed. The four factors investigated in this study were rotation speed, milling time, powder to ball weight ratio and carbide percentage. For each factor, the experiments were conducted into two levels so that the internal behavior among them could be statistically estimated: 250 to 350 rpm for rotation speed, 10 to 50 h for milling time, 10:1 to 22:1 for powder to ball weight ratio, and 0 to 3% carbide percentage. In order to measure and characterize particle size, we utilized the analysis of particle size and a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed with the addition of carbide in the milling process cause an average of reduction in particle size when compared with the material without carbide added. All the four factors investigated in this study presented significant influence on the milling process of duplex stainless steel chips and the reduction of particle size. The statistical analysis showed that the addition of carbide in the process is the most influential factor, followed by the milling time, rotation speed and powder to ball weight ratio. Significant interaction effects among these factors were also identified.


In all deceased potential organ donors, upper respiratory tract specimens are tested for SARS-CoV-2. If lung transplantation is being considered, lower


We have investigated the nonlinear response of helium to intense extreme-ultraviolet radiation from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). We observe a spectral feature between 24 and 26 eV electron kinetic energy in photoemission which shows a quadratic fluence dependence. The feature is explained as a result of subsequent processes involving a resonant two-photon absorption process into doubly excited levels of even parity (N=5 and 6), radiative decay to the doubly excited states in the vicinity of the He{sup +} (N=2) ionization threshold and finally the photoionization of the inner electron by the radiation of the next microbunches. This observation suggests that even-parity states, which have been elusive to be measured with the low pulse energy of synchrotron radiation sources, can be investigated with the intense radiation of FLASH. This also demonstrates a first step to bring nonlinear spectroscopy into the xuv and soft-x-ray regime.


Innovation is the top-drawer appeal to modern editing communication in the times of knowledge based economy.Editing innovation modern communication do a important annotation from four aspects to this proposition.It figures out that innovative thinking is base,innovative capability is root,theoretic innovation is antecedence and practice innovation is purpose.So it takes innovation as theoretic dot,it constructs a route for editor subject to surmount and develop itself,and it provides active gene for its doing practice.


Objective  Complex anal fistulas traverse a significant portion of the external sphincter muscle, making their treatment a surgical challenge. Several surgical options are used with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of permanent loose seton in the management of high anal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) patients and two‐stage seton fistulotomy in patients without CD.


The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 primarily deals with the issue of guardianship to a minor child. The expression 'minor' includes a person who has not completed the age of eighteen years. The Act is applicable only to the persons who are Hindu by religion. Section 6 of the act provides that the father shall be the guardian of minor child and after him mother shall be the guardian. The proviso thus, discriminates between the father and mother. The provision u/s 6(a) of the Act unreasonably provides that the guardianship of a child above five years of age shall be with the father. Mother shall be the guardian for the child below five years only. The proviso obviously denies the equal rights to the mother in the matter of guardianship. The matter was challenged before Hon'ble Supreme Court but the court ruled that the term "after" in section 6 not be literally interpreted to mean "in absence of father". There is thus urgent need of change in the law to ensure the equality of rights available to the parents and equality of treatment to, son and daughter.


Oxidation rates were measured at -79, -50, and -20 deg C for K and at - 79 and -50 deg C for Rb. The maximum film thicknesses of 2000 to 3000 A were obtained for K at -20 deg C and at -50 deg C for Rb. The oxide films formed on K and Rb at -50 and -79 deg C were almost completely protective, but at -20 deg C a transition from protective to nonprotective oxidation was observed. The temperature at which this transformation was observed varied inversely with the electropusitive character of the metals. (C.J.G.)


This short contribution provides a brief history, touching on some of the key trends and turning points in ActionAid's education work, and it documents the evolution of the relationship between ActionAid and governments. The story of ActionAid is illustrative in many ways of wider changes in the NGO sector since the early 1970s.


A high-speed imaging system capable of acquiring elastic scattering images and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images in a near-simultaneous fashion has been developed. Acquiring both elastic scattering and PLIF images enables the liquid phase to be discriminated from the vapor phase. High-speed imaging allows the temporal evolution of flow structures to be evaluated. Images of sprays from a multi-hole diesel fuel injector operating under engine-like conditions were acquired. The vapor phase images reveal intricate fluid dynamic structures that exhibit a high degree of variability, indicative of a turbulent gas jet.


In this paper the design of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in which dye aggregates with cylindrical geometry are embedded in the LSC plate with the long cylinder axis orthogonal to the faces of the plate is proposed. The most suitable aggregates are those exhibiting a blue‐shifted (with respect to monomer absorption) H band and a narrow red‐shifted J band. Such aggregates have high primary absorption into the H band which is polarized in the plane of the LSC and emission from the J band which is polarized perpendicular to the plane. Hence the emitted light is directed predominantly to the edges of the LSC and loss into the escape zone is much reduced.


Epistaxis means bleeding from the nose and is the most common emergency complaint. It is reported in all groups of age. It may generally be spontaneous or be induced by either nose picking or trauma to the inner tissue lining of the nose.  It may also be benign and self-limiting, whereas some can recur time. Epistaxis is a minor problem and can be treated easily, but sometimes it can lead to a life-threatening hemorrhage. Environmental factors can affect the frequency of epistaxis. That is, it increases in the winters as compared to other seasons. It is because of decreased humidity during the winters, which ultimately leads to reduced humidification of the nose.
Based on origin, epistaxis can be of two types- Anterior epistaxis and Posterior epistaxis. Anterior epistaxis originates from the Kiesselbach plexus in the frontal part of the nose, whereas the posterior epistaxis originates from the Woodruff plexus lying in the posterior or superior nasal cavity. Various local and systemic factors can cause it. Local factors contributing to nose bleeding are either localized trauma (nose picking) or facial trauma, anatomical abnormalities, inflammatory causes, etc. Systemic conditions that increase epistaxis risk are high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and vascular and bleeding disorders. Epistaxis can often be managed at home or by a primary care general physician. But in cases where it is recurrent, or the bleeding is non-stop, the patient should immediately go to the hospital and take proper treatment.


In the wake of multiple global crises, fears of terrorism, rising nationalistic sentiments globally and the pervasive impacts of gender-based violence in public spaces, contemporary urban cities are permeated with surveillance, anxiety, fear and division. In this context, what role
 can (and should) public art be playing? This article explores this question in the context of Melbourne, a major metropolitan centre in Australia, which has been ruptured by the multiplying effects of highly publicized episodes of street violence, isolated terrorist attacks, high-profile murders
 and politically driven narratives about youth gangs. Looking at the work of female artists Maryann Talia Pau, Amy Spiers and Catherine Ryan, and artists from African Australian communities including Ez Deng, Atong Atem and Asia Hassan, the article addresses questions about agency and marginalization
 for artists working in public space, and considers how marginalized community groups may face barriers to creating artworks that engage directly in mainstream public spaces.


The current rapid business development requires company owners to further improve their business strategies, one of which is by utilizing sales data. By using a data mining process, one of which is to use an a priori algorithm. The problem is how to apply a priori algorithm calculations to find out the data on sales of goods at PT. Duta Kencana Swaguna the most frequently purchased, as well as how to implement the a priori algorithm on data on sales of goods at PT. Duta Kencana Swaguna with the tanagra application. so that it can be seen what sales of goods are sold the most using the a priori algorithm, using 2 variables that meet support and minimum confidence. The results of this study are the known final association rules, if you buy beef meatballs and chicken rolls, you will buy egg rolls with 41.7% support and 71.4% confidence and a lift ratio value of 0.95, if you buy egg rolls and chicken rolls, then they will buy beef meatballs with 41.7% support and 100% confidence and a lift ratio value of 1.09. By utilizing the results obtained, the company can use a priori algorithm to improve sales strategy.


The RF locking of a self-Q-switching diode laser is shown to reduce the jitter of a 2.48 GHz train of 1 W peak power picosecond pulses to less than 300 fs. By using direct modulation of the loss in the Q-switched laser, direct encoding of data has been achieved at rates in excess of 2 Gbit/s.


Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB) which has a bent centerpipe opened to the lee side of the incident waves is a kind of moored floating OWC-type wave energy converter. In order to design this converter optimally, It is necessary to develop the numerical method in time domain on motions of BBDB, air flow in air chamber and rotation of air turbine in waves. In this paper, a experiment on hydrodynamic forces, which are used in this calculation, acting on BBDB is carried out. First in order to clarify the handling of air chamber of the BBDB in this experiment, the outline of the numerical method is also shown.In this experiment, the diffraction forces acting on fixed BBDB in waves and the radiation forces by forced oscillation test in still water in frequency domain are obtained in wave basin.


PSB wastewater treatment is a promising technology which can simultaneously realize high pollutants removal and biomass resource recycling.However,the problem of difficult sedimentation leads to difficulty in solid-liquid separation and limits the further application.So this paper studies the effects of different factors on the biomass growth and natural settling efficiency.The recommended conditions are as follows: inoculation of 20%,initial pH of 8.5,temperature of 30℃,light intensity of 5000 lux and anaerobic-light-static condition.Under such conditions,PSB can achieve the best free settling efficiency of 84.78%,which is increased by 70% compared with the control group.And among all the factors,initial pH,light intensity and culture condition affects sedimentation remarkably.


*These reports have been peer reviewed by colleagues at the University of Nebraska. Any questions, suggestions, or concerns should be sent directly to the author(s). considerable in-kind support and contributions were provided by a number of individuals and organizations associated with the Partnership for Rural Nebraska and the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center. A special note of appreciation is extended to the staff at the Pierce County Extension Office for the space needed to conduct this survey and to the Nebraska Library Commission for use of the laptops. Executive Summary Alternative and renewable energy sources have been given increasing attention during the past few years. Many wind energy projects and ethanol plants have been started across the state. How do rural Nebraskans view alternative energy sources? Do they view them as beneficial to the state's economy? Do they think more electricity should be generated from alternative energy sources? How often do they use ethanol blend fuel? This report details 2,851 responses to the 2005 Nebraska Rural Poll, the tenth annual effort to understand rural Nebraskans' perceptions. Respondents were asked a series of questions about alternative energy sources. For all questions, comparisons are made among different respondent subgroups, that is, comparisons by age, occupation, region, etc. Based on these analyses, some key findings emerged: ! Most rural Nebraskans agree that the government should encourage the use of renewable energy sources. Eighty-nine percent agree or strongly agree with this statement. Only two percent disagree or strongly disagree. ! Most rural Nebraskans believe alternative energy sources are good for the state's economy. Eighty-nine percent either strongly agree or agree that generating more electricity through wind power would be good for Nebraska's economy. Similar proportions believe that producing more ethanol blend fuel (86%) and more soy bio-diesel blend fuel (83%) would be beneficial to the state's economy. ! Opinions are mixed on both the cost and reliability of alternative energy sources. One-third (33%) agree or strongly agree that alternative energy sources are more expensive than traditional fossil fuel energy sources (i.e., coal, gas and oil). Twenty-eight percent disagree with this statement and 39 percent have no opinion. When given the statement that traditional fossil fuel energy sources are more reliable than alternative energy sources, 33 percent disagree and 23 percent agree. Forty-four percent of rural Nebraskans have no opinion in this area. ! Most rural Nebraskans agree or strongly agree that alternative energy …


Objective: To observe whether Ca2+-activated Cl- channels play a role in norepinphrine (NE)-induced contraction of rat tail artery. Methods: The tail artery was isolated from the anesthetized Wistar rats. Under a dissecting microscope the artery was cut helically into strip and then mounted vertically on a stainless steel holder in an organ chamber containing PSS aerated with a mixture of 95% O2-5% CO2. The isometric contraction was recorded. The contractile reactivity of the vessel strip to different chemicals was expressed as a percentage of 100 mmol/L KCl-induced contraction of the same strip. Results: ①The Cl- channel blocker-niflumic acid (NFA) produced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on NE-induced contraction of the rat tail artery strip. The Ca2+ channel blocker-Verapamil (Vera) had an inhibitory effect on NE-induced contraction of the artery strip. The inhibitory effects of NFA and Vera were additive and coordinated. ② Decreasing the extracellular Cl- concentration increased the contractile response to NE significantly,which was still inhibited by NFA. Conclusion: The Ca2+-activated chloride channel activity contributes to NE-induced contraction of the rat tail artery.