The estimation of radiative modes is a central problem in gravitational wave theory, with essential applications in signal modeling and data analysis. This problem is complicated by most astrophysically relevant systems' not having modes that are analytically tractable. A ubiquitous workaround is to use not modes, but multipole moments defined by spin weighted spherical harmonics. However, spherical multipole moments are only related to the modes of systems without angular momentum. As a result, they can obscure the underlying physics of astrophysically relevant systems, such as binary black hole merger and ringdown. In such cases, spacetime angular momentum means that radiative modes are not spherical, but spheroidal in nature. Here, we work through various problems related to spheroidal harmonics. We show for the first time that spheroidal harmonics are not only capable of representing arbitrary gravitational wave signals, but that they also possess a kind of orthogonality not used before in general relativity theory. Along the way we present a new class of spin weighted harmonic functions dubbed ``adjoint-spheroidal"harmonics. These new functions may be used for the general estimation of spheroidal multipole moments via complete bi-orthogonal decomposition (in the angular domain). By construction, adjoint-spheroidal harmonics suppress mode-mixing effects known to plague spherical harmonic decomposition; as a result, they better approximate a system's true radiative modes. We discuss potential applications of these results. Lastly, we briefly comment on the challenges posed by the analogous problem with Teukolsky's radial functions


The growth of tourism is fragmenting urban politics into a constellation of public/private institutions that operate largely independently from the democratic institutions of local government. In this article, the authors present preliminary evidence to show that the political interests that represent the tourism/entertainment sector are beginning to wield influence in municipal politics through campaign contributions and other political activity. They also show that those political interests have become largely independent of municipal authority through their control of institutions that undertake large-scale infrastructure projects connected to tourism/entertainment. It is suggested that mayors are able to forge alliances with these independent centers of power and, thereby, are able to bypass democratic processes.


The notion of self-sufficiency has a nostalgic appeal to it and it supposedly is less costly to do something for oneself. Because of these reasons the paper, "Self-Help Treatment for Migraine Headache: A Controlled Outcome Study", by Konnenburg and Cahn, will find an appreciative group of readers but a degree of sophistication is needed to apply the technique of self-regulation to headache effectively. In my experience the patient needs careful guidance to the goal of voluntary control over the targeted physiological function to be changed. I have had communication from a few persons who have learned to control their migraines through thermodigital self-regulation but these communications have not occurred in such numbers to suggest the possibility that self-help in learning self-regulation is necessarily a viable alternative to therapist-directed training. It is important to point out that the present study does not contrast self-help and professionally guided self-regulation training.


Teaching diaries are not only teachers' description of teaching events,but also essential means of teachers' reflections on their teaching.Moreover,teaching diaries are one of the effective ways used for teachers knowing themselves,recognizing the nature of teaching,learning how to teach,and for teachers' professional development as well.With the research and development status of teaching diaries of foreign language,the e-diaries of 4 foreign language teachers have been analyzed on the basis of grounded theory.A coding scheme has been built up and the characteristics and methods in e-diary of foreign language teaching have been generalized.The findings suggest that to keep e-diaries be a dynamic and lifelong process for foreign language teachers.


It has been well recognized that weld pool geometry plays a critical role in fusion welding process such as laser welding.Studying the relationship between weld width and molten pool width potentially can help understand welding process and develop an applicable model for control purposes. In fiber laser welding process,by using appropriate filter system to obtain a clear infrared image of molten pool,infrared sensor tracking system has established,where laser Power is 10 k W and welding workpiece is Type 304 stainless steel. High-speed digital camera for infrared image acquisition and software for image processing are implemented in the system to obtain the surface width of molten pool. Under high temperature molten pool and non-melting zone is close and difficult to identify. By using image processing Algorithm the problem has solved. Experimental data has proved weld width measurement algorithm is very effective.


Heat treatment is one of the techniques to improve the resistance to decay and dimensional stability of wood. In this study, paid attention to those inorganic salt of NH4Cl and MgCl2, dilute NH4Cl and MgCl2 aqueous solution were impregnated into cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood and subjected to heat treatment at 160°C to 180°C, and then the decay resistance was evaluated by a decay test using Fomitopsis palustris. The mass loss rate by heat treatment was about 3% for the wood without impregnation, whereas the impregnated wood exceeded 11% under the treatment condition of 180°C, and the accelerated thermal decomposition by inorganic salt was observed. As for the decay resistance, the mass loss rate of wood without heat treatment was 57%, whereas NH4Cl impregnated wood was suppressed to about 10%, and there was no significant decrease in the decay resistance due to the leaching treatment. On the other hand, it was suggested that MgCl2 impregnation wood had a large decrease in the decay resistance by performing the leaching treatment in advance, and that the composition after the thermal decomposition differed depending on the inorganic salt used. In addition, NH4Cl impregnated wood showed higher resistance to decay with a lower mass loss than that for MgCl2 impregnated wood under the same temperature and the heat-treated wood under higher temperatures.


The BENEFICIAL effect of therapy in the acute stage of cerebral infarction is difficult to demonstrate conclusively either experimentally or clinically. In addition to general supportive measures, six general methods of protecting against ischemia have been advocated: (1) increasing central arterial pressure by the use of vasopressors, 1,2 (2) decreasing viscosity of the blood by the use of low molecular weight dextran and anticoagulants, 3-5 (3) reduction in peripheral resistance in the cerebrovascular bed by the use of 5% carbon dioxide inhalation, 6,7 (4) hyperoxygenation of the blood using a hyperbaric chamber, 8 (5) reduction of cerebral metabolism by the use of hypothermia and anesthetic agents, 9,10 and (6) the use of agents to protect against the postnecrotic edema. 5 The first three methods should produce an increase in blood flow through the brain, and this present study was designed to test the effects of these three approaches on blood


Aqueous, freeze and auftaustabiles concentrate containing at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible copper compound and optionally also a water-soluble or water-dispersible tin compound, for use in the diluted state as a bath characterized for the currentless coppering or bronzing of objects, in that it contains at least one complexed water-soluble or water-dispersed copper compound contains.


. The article presents issues related to the application of a moving horizon estimator for state variables reconstruction in an advanced control structure of a drive system with an elastic joint. Firstly, a short review of the commonly used methods for state estimation in presented. Then, a description of a state controller structure follows. The design methodology based on the poles-placement method is briefly described. Next, the mathematical algorithm of MHE is presented and some crucial features of MHE are analysed. Then, selected simulation and experimental results are shown and described. The investigation shows, among others, the influence of window length on the quality of state variables estimation.


By consulting document, interviewing experts and using satisfies, this paper analyses the factors that affect the development of athletics wushu and offers some relevant information for wushus entrance into the Olympic Grames. The author holds that there are still some differences in the contests of athletics wushu both of home and abroad.The domestic wushu market is not formed yet,and the competition rules are still complicated to handle. And applying of new competition rules may cause complex alteration in the development of athletics wushu.


bstract: Given a corrupted image, image inpainting aims to complete the image and outputs a plausible result. When we complete the missing region, we always borrow the information from a known area, which is aimless and causes unsatisfactory results. In our daily life, some other information is often used for corrupted images, such as text descriptions. Therefore, we introduce the use of text information to guide image inpainting. To fullfill this task, We introduce an inpainting model named TG Net (Text-Guided Inpainting Network). We provide a text-image gated feature fusion module to fuse text feature and image feature deeply. A mask attention module is proposed to enhance the consistency of known areas and the repaired area. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on three public datasets with captions demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The goal of our paper is to semantically edit parts of an image matching a given text that describes desired attributes (e.g., texture, colour, and background), while preserving other contents that are irrelevant to the text. To achieve this, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (Mani GAN), which contains two key components: text-image affine combination module (ACM) and detail correction module (DCM). The ACM selects image regions relevant to the given text and then correlates the regions with corresponding semantic words for effective manipulation. Meanwhile, it encodes original image features to help reconstruct text-irrelevant contents. The DCM rectifies mismatched attributes and completes missing contents of the synthetic image. Finally, we suggest a new metric for evaluating image manipulation results, in terms of both the generation of new attributes and the reconstruction of text-irrelevant contents. Extensive experiments on the CUB and COCO datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. Code is available at this https URL.


Temporal preparation is a fundamental cognitive ability that enables us to anticipate the moment in time (in the millisecond to second range) at which a relevant event might occur. At an operational level, this means that when stimulus onsets can be predicted, both accuracy and response time to such stimuli will be improved compared to stimuli with unpredictable onset (Correa, 2010; Nobre, Correa, & Coull, 2007). Theoretically, temporal preparation is linked to the field of time perception since the ability to anticipate when something is going to occur does involve the capacity to compute the passage of time. It should be noted, however, that experiments on temporal preparation require using time rather than consciously estimating it (i.e., time estimation and reproduction tasks; e.g., Grondin, 2010; Ivry & Hazeltine, 1995; Chapters 2 and 4, this volume). Early studies of temporal preparation focused on the behavioral effects that the manipulation of the "foreperiod" (timing during which a warning signal precedes a target stimulus) had on participants' performance (Woodrow, 1914). Subsequent studies investigated whether temporal preparation could be voluntarily acquired following a symbolic and predictive temporal cue (e.g., Coull & Nobre, 1998; Miniussi, Wilding, Coull, & Nobre, 1999; Nobre, 2001). More recent work has explored temporal preparation driven by the presentation of regular rhythmic patterns (e.g., Cutanda, Correa, & Sanabria, 2015; Jones, Moynihan, MacKenzie, & Puente, 2002; Lange, 2010; Sanabria, Capizzi, & Correa, 2011). These complementary research approaches have identified the basic features of the temporal preparation effects that will be covered in the following sections of this chapter. Each section provides a brief description of one of the paradigms used to investigate temporal preparation along with an example of how to measure and interpret the behavioral data usually obtained in the studies employing such a paradigm. For a thorough review of the cognitive processes and neural mechanisms underlying temporal preparation, the reader is referred to Nobre and Coull (2010).


Belt cleaners are an essential feature of modern belt conveyors. At a time when the number of people employed on such conveyors is falling, ever greater demands are being placed on the cleaning efficiency of these systems. Yet this is possible only if the scrapers employed operate in harmony with the remaining plant components. By investing slightly more in the configuration of material transfer facilities, plant owners are guaranteed satisfactory operation for the entire life of the plant. Each cleaning facility should therefore be carefully selected at an early stage in consultation with the plant constructors and operators, taking into account the conditions of service as well as the relevant standards and directives. After a brief introduction to belt cleaning the article considers the various demands placed on cleaning systems and their design using examples taken from the waste management sector.


Mobile banking has created a new channel to reach over 2.5 billion unbanked poor in developing countries. Conventional mobile banking services require clients to be able to own a mobile phone and know how to operate it. However, a majority of the unbanked poor in developing countries are illiterate or semi-literate earning fluctuating incomes, often less than USD2.00 a day, and live in remote rural areas without reliable technology infrastructure. We evaluate three companies providing innovative mobile banking services, ZERO, FINO, and ESE, which do not require the poor to own a mobile phone or know how to operate it. All three companies employ human agents equipped with combinations of mobile technologies like NFC and smart cards, who meet the poor in their villages to conduct financial transactions. We reflect on the economic impact, market opportunity, and other issues related to innovative mobile banking services in the concluding section.


I examine why a brokerage firm replaces an analyst who follows a specific firm for a long run period. Studies exploring regular analyst turnover find earnings forecast accuracy to be a strong factor and suggest that analysts with lower forecast accuracy are more likely to turn over. Thus, the possibility of analyst replacement is higher for analysts with lower earnings forecast accuracy. At the same time, I infer that the brokerage firm is more likely to replace an analyst with a direct competitor in the firm. The better the performance of the direct competitor, the more likely the analyst is replaced. Higher quality analysts (for example, with greater industry experience, higher earnings forecast accuracy, more experience in coverage, or better relationship with the covered firms' executives) likely have a greater chance of survival. The empirical results are consistent with my predictions. I also explore whether the performance of replacement decision is positively related to the increment in quality between the new and the replaced analyst. I find that the performance of replacement decisions is positively related to the increment in quality between the new and the replaced analyst. In addition, the results are not driven the changes in regulations. This study provides new insights into factors that affect the analyst replacement. I demonstrate that the factors that impel brokerage firms to replace, though not fire, an analyst covering a specific firm. The results suggest that analysts need to provide unique and useful guidance to their clients to make themselves indispensible.


For many years, low-fat diets were the cornerstone of public health and clinical guidelines for preventing and treating obesity. The US Senate Select Committee on Nutrition released the first national guidelines in 1977. At that time, Dietary Goals for the United States included recommendations to "increase carbohydrate consumption to between 55% and 60% of the energy (caloric) intake" and "reduce fat consumption from over 40% down to 30% of energy intake." These recommendations were based, in part, on the idea that consuming fat promotes obesity because fat is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet. Despite limited data, the recommendation to reduce dietary fat was underscored in 1984 by an expert panel at the NIH Consensus Development Conference on Lowering Blood Cholesterol to Prevent Heart Disease , and again in 1987 by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Dietary fat was viewed as a "foe" to good health from 1984 through the 1990s.

Currently, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 (Eighth Edition) focus on eating patterns, and associated food and nutrient profiles, rather than on nutrient intakes. While there is no explicit limit on total fat intake, the Guidelines continue to advocate <10% of calories from saturated fat, consistent with recommendations in developed countries internationally. Interestingly, the daily nutritional goals and healthy eating examples, appended to the Guidelines , reflect an upper limit for total fat of 35% of calories, suggesting continued reluctance to promote higher fat consumption.

During the era of low-fat diets, the food industry replaced fat with refined carbohydrate in many products, such that public health messages had unintended consequences. Over the past two decades, the prudence of low-fat diets has come under intense scrutiny, in light of emerging data from prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials showing adverse effects of refined carbohydrate on risk …


This paper is a sociological analysis of the development, possible range, and real effects of one of the latest disciplines to emerge - neuroethics as well as bioethics. The starting premise is that the humanities perspective to a medical and philosophical discipline contributes to the very research done by neuroethics itself. This premise is significant given that the study of the brain surpasses current epistemological frameworks, forcing the examination of whether we perhaps need a new "brain" epistemology. New research on the brain, consciousness, and artificial intelligence has presented the public at large with a myriad of benefits in medicine and illness prevention; however, at the same time, it has opened certain social and ethical questions. The projected possibilities in the development of brain medication and interventions have motivated certain scientists today to speak of neuroscience exclusively from the perspective of bioethics. In other words, the challenges to human survival are directly linked to artificially caused advancements in human consciousness, cognition, intelligence, and to an extent even morality, insofar as these characteristics and capacities depend on biochemical and molecular processes. Considering the potentially real societal consequences of such development of a single discipline, we thought it relevant to seek certain answers by analyzing dilemmas and particular medical cases, along with their effects, through the optics of social, humanities, and biomedical phenomena.


My dear Foster I sympathise this very strongly with Brady (whose letter I return herewith) and if he will go to Styria and stand over v. L with a big stick while he makes the requisite corrections – I am ready to subscribe 5/-toward the cost of the stick. Otherwise it is the old story of taking the horse to the water and being able to make him drink. Practically, I see nothing for it but to put an official note such as you suggest. What a hideous amount of trouble the man has given! He wrote to me the other day that he was going to ask for another grant & asked for support. I answered diplomatically. I like your notion of our climate – we had yesterday a North Easter that I positively dare not face & today the whole county is covered with snow. The only satisfaction is that from all accounts the weather is worse elsewhere. If I could get rid of the oppression that will come on now & then in the left half of my thorax I should be alright. Expect I shall have to get high air before it will go. Ever yours T. H. H. Dear Huxley Please read Welby's letter, & my reply, & tell me if you think it will do – ie make comments on it and send it on to Hooker asking him to do the same & send it to me as soon as possible. Evans has seen it. – and Ever thine M. Foster Thanks for letter re v. L.


1037 Emotion Recognition and Drowsiness Detection using Digital Image Processing and Python Pramoda R1, Arun P S2, B S Athul2, Bharath B2, B Naveen Reddy2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nagarjuna College of Engineering and technology Bengaluru, India 2B.E. Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nagarjuna College of Engineering and technology Bengaluru, India


submitted material for publication. Ru ız performed the statistical analyses and reviewed the submitted material for publication. G alvez-Barr on contributed to quality control, database preparation, and statistical analysis and reviewed the submitted material for publication. Sponsor's Role: The sponsors had no role in the design of the study, methods, recruitment of subjects, data collection, statistical analysis, or preparation of paper.


The Cygnus X complex is covered by the Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey, an unbiased radio-wavelength Galactic plane survey, in 4–8 GHz continuum radiation and several spectral lines. The GLOSTAR survey observed the 6.7 GHz transition of methanol (CH3OH), an exclusive tracer of high-mass young stellar objects. Using the Very Large Array in both the B and D configurations, we observed an area in Cygnus X of 7° × 3° in size and simultaneously covered the methanol line and the continuum, allowing cross-registration. We detected thirteen sources with Class II methanol maser emission and one source with methanol absorption. Two methanol maser sources are newly detected; in addition, we found four new velocity components associated with known masers. Five masers are concentrated in the DR21 ridge and W75N. We determined the characteristics of the detected masers and investigated the association with infrared, (sub)millimeter, and radio continuum emission. All maser sources are associated with (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission, which is consistent with the picture of masers tracing regions in an active stage of star formation. On the other hand, only five masers (38 ± 17%) have radio continuum counterparts seen with GLOSTAR within ~1″, testifying to their youth. Comparing the distributions of the bolometric luminosity and the luminosity-to-mass ratio of cores that host 6.7 GHz methanol masers with those of the full core population, we identified lower limits LBol ~ 200 L⊙ and LBol/Mcore ~ 1 L⊙M⊙−1 for a dust source to host maser emission.


The analog to digital converters is the key components in modern electronic systems. As the digital signal processing industry grows the ADC design becomes more and more challenging for researchers ...


New Varieties of Sweet Cherry,'Zao Daguo','Santina','Meizao','Pioneer','Rainier','Summit','Black Pearl','Rabins' and'Friendship'were introduced to Rizhao area from Yantai Agricultural Science Academy from 2000.This paper described the,fruit economic traits,growth and fruiting characteristics of the introduced sweet cherry varieties.The results showed that the 9new varieties of sweet cherry can be cultivated in Rizhao area for their good integrated traits and adaptability.


Corrosion on key location of main equipment of Panjin Northern Asphalt Co.,Ltd.were analyzed,naphthenic acid corrosion was determined as the main cause for the equipment corrosion.Control measures of naphthenic acid corrosion were proposed according to influence factors of naphthenic acid corrosion.


Since its genesis Cultural Heritage suffers more or less evident alterations depending on degradation factors. The 16th century panel "Visitation" by Thomas Luis was no exception. It tolerated modifications in its physical, chemical, historical and aesthetic integrity over four centuries, under the environmental, biological and human factors, but mainly the latter. This article is divided in three parts. In the first part, we highlight the pathology leaching present in the mentioned case study. In the second, based on scientific analysis we intend to identify, the historic context in which such damage occurred. In the last part, with the goal of avoiding conservation and restoration problems, we propose awareness directives for artwork owners, students of conservation-restoration, curators, art historians, architects and the general public to avoid conservation problems, including several actions: updating education contents regarding Conservation and Restoration and the value of an interdisciplinary approach; inspection and assistance.


We present a phase-space description of the process of quantum teleportation for a system with an N-dimensional space of states. For this purpose we define a discrete Wigner function which is a minor variation of previously existing ones. This function is useful to represent a composite quantum system in phase space and to analyze situations where entanglement between subsystems is relevant (dimensionality of the space of states of each subsystem is arbitrary). We also describe how a direct tomographic measurement of this Wigner function can be performed.


Marrie RA, Horwitz R, Cutter G, Tyry T. Cumulative Impact of Comorbidity on Quality of Life in MS.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: 180–186.

© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


An Australian Road Research Board project (ARRB p403) entitled: material properties and pavement performance, is concerned with the prediction of pavement rutting and cracking using data obtained from laboratory tests on materials in conjunction with mathematical pavement performance models based on the principles of structural analysis and bayesian decision theory. This paper gives a brief description of the p403 materials testing program and the structural analysis methodologies being considered and developed (a).


In some local governments of Indonesia, a bigger representation in local parliament means more political power in controlling their local budget. As a result, local procurement process is mostly affected by local politicians although procurement process is applied electronic procurement. In this study we compare three local governments in Indonesia by using meta analysis of previous study on electronic procurement. Quantitative and qualitative research method is used to investigate relationship between private sectors, politicians, and government officers. We found that e-procurement system applications in private/government firms has a positive effect on time efficiency. However, in three local government confirm that There is relationship between procurement information, completeness of information, information on evaluation, contract mechanism, and opportunistic behavior on e-procurement implementation. The local politicians, bureaucrats, and private companies have  organized and governed themselves to obtain benefit from "e-procurement" regulation. They did preparation from the budget planning until project procurement announcement in site.


This paper discusses the issue of airfare. A set of characteristics defining a typical flight is chosen for this purpose, with the assumption that these characteristics influence the price of an airline ticket. Flight ticket prices fluctuate depending on different parameters such as flight schedule, destination, and duration, a variety of occasions such as vacations or the holiday season. As a result, having a basic understanding of flight rates before booking a vacation will undoubtedly save many individuals money and time. Analysing 3 datasets to get insights about the airline fare and the features of the three datasets are applied to the seven different machine learning (ML) models which are used to predict airline ticket prices, and their performance is compared. The goal is to investigate the factors that determine the cost of a flight. The data can then be used to create a system that predicts flight prices.


The Pd–Ag is one of the most studied alloy systems, showing to form continuous solid solutions over large range of temperatures and compositions in the bulk system.1 Pd and Ag atoms are fully miscible and usually to form of fcc structure in equilibrium, except several possible ordered structures at the specific compositions, such as Pd0.75Ag0.25, Pd0.5Ag0.5, and Pd0.25Ag0.75. 2 Since the pure Ag crystal has a 5% larger lattice constant than the Pd one, the lattice spacing of the alloy gradually changes from the Pd to Ag one with Ag concentration.3


Ethernet Plant Automation(EPA) configuration software is the key technology in EPA control system.System analysis and modeling to configuration software based on EPA was conducted after analyzing the control system model of EPA standard and applying the software engineering theory and object-oriented design method.Then design method and implementation process of configuration software based on EPA standard was presented.Finally,configuration software was applied to devices from different manufactures and the validity of the design was proved.


Research Article Purpose – Nowadays, career satisfaction is one of the worker's expectations and the worker's efficiency inputs. Removing the obstacles in front of career satisfaction is one of the critical success factors in the business. Also, psychological empowerment is one of the ways of increasing career satisfaction. There are a lot of factors in the relationship between psychological empowerment career satisfaction. It is thought that the work safety is one of them. The present study aims to investigate (1) the direct effects of psychological empowerment on career satisfaction and (2) the moderating role of work safety in the relationship between psychological empowerment and career satisfaction using a public health sector sample.


Slip detection is of paramount importance for stabilized grasping of objects by a prosthetic hand. This paper presents a real-time slip detection framework using a data glove customized with force sensors. The data glove can acquire grasping force with a root mean square error (RMSE) of ±0.21 Newton. A finite state machine (FSA) algorithm was implemented for estimating the instances of slip occurrence as features. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Random Forest algorithms were evaluated for detection of slip. An average accuracy of 94% and 98% was achieved using polynomial and RBF kernel SVM respectively. Further NB, k-NN and Random Forest algorithms resulted into an average accuracy of 96 %, 99 % and 100 % respectively. These experimental results show that the proposed framework is very useful for slip detection using tactile force information. It demonstrated robustness of FSA with machine learning algorithms for real-time slip detection and thereby holds promise for stabilized grasping by a prosthetic hand.


Labelling (action and reaction) is patently involved in the process of becoming a hippie, but there is an additional and necessary factor, the individual's own sense of a major change in self-perception arising from a transformation or inductive leap. Of course this will be different according to the individual in question and it may be quite unnoticed by others. In one of the chapters Mills discusses drugs and underground music as sacramental devices for the renewal of transformation. These are the particular aspects of the hippie culture which the media have sensationalized, and this study performs an important service in re-locating them for the reader in their rightful context. They are shown to be more than mere objects of pleasure as they are essential to continuation in the hippie mode. In other chapters Mills analyses the hippie disdain for features of straight society such as routinized work and leisure, the acquisition of material goods and future planning all obstacles in the way of 'doing your own thing in your own time'. Having significantly increased our knowledge about the values, beliefs and behaviour of this minority group, Mills turns to consider the persistence of hippie culture and its implications for social policy. His view seems to be that, given our present society and its social service apparatus, hippie culture is functional for some young people. For the Ladbroke Grove residents, often from superior socio-economic backgrounds, it serves as a kind of therapeutic community, a retreat from the seriousness of the decisions which have to be taken in late adolescence especially in relation to tertiary education. They will invariably return to straight society. The social derelicts are likely to stay, for they have nothing but their instinctive behaviour and spontaneity, right for 'hip' but wrong for 'straight'. These are the people described by David Cooper (Psychiatry and Anti-Psychiatry, Tavistock, 1967) as 'vomited out' by their families and society only to be ' swallowed' by the hospital and the clinic. Perceptively and often eloquently the author shows that to be a hippie implies some reaction against the values and forms of straight society. The appropriate responses which straight society should make are still to be explored, but the valuable analysis which Mills provides will help to make that task less difficult.


This research studied about intercultural communication competency Indonesians when they study in Australia. Having competency in communicating with different cultures is important in order to avoid intercultural conflict, also to establish effective and proper communication. Although the training participants have different cultural background with Australians, obviously they are competent enough to conduct intercultural communication especially in social formal context. However, in social informal context, they are not competent enough. The training participants are competent in social formal context because they are helped by education setting that accommodative and tolerance towards their weaknesses compared to social informal context.


This paper investigates the political contestation over hydraulic fracturing of shale gas, or 'fracking', in the UK. Based on an analysis of four public inquiries, it shows how both proponents and ...


To measure the sub-pixel image motion which is caused by satellite attitude instability or vibration,the joint transform correlator method was used and simulated.The mathematics principles were clarified,the position of matrix CCD on the focal plane and the method of getting input image were presented.Based on MatLab,sub-pixel image motion was oblained by linear interpolation and noise has been added to get low SNR image.The input image was Fourier transformed to get the spectrum image,binary image was resulted from the spectrum image and Fourier transformed again to obtain the correlation image,and the corresponding shift value was calculated with centre of mass calculation.The results show that the error does not change with different scene of input images,and the error RMS of 0.2 can be achieved.


This paper presents a novel ASK demodulator for passive UHF RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag, which can detect minimum 10% modulation index over a RF power range of 30dB. Compared with conventional nonlinear voltage and linear current demodulations, the detection sensitivity over a wider range is increased by adopting an innovative divisional linear voltage demodulation with ultra low power consumption. The demodulator is implemented in UMC 0.18µm mixed-mode CMOS technology. The power consumption is 3.95µW and it can be reduced to 3.08µW when the modulation index is large.


The mechanical steps of molecular motors that walk processively along filaments are governed by four distinct dwell time distributions corresponding to the four possible pairs of subsequent forward and backward steps. These distributions can be calculated from the master equation for the network of motor states if one extends this network by two absorbing states and determines the corresponding absorption times. This procedure is illustrated for the kinesin motor for which the four dwell time distributions are explicitly calculated. The tails of these distributions are governed by a single decay rate Ω1, which corresponds to the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the master equation. For kinesin, this theoretical decay rate is found to be in good agreement with the experimental rate Ωex as deduced from recent measurements.


We present an image analysis approach for quantifying assembly
and disassembly of the Golgi complex in fluorescence microscopy
images of live cells. The approach comprises nucleus detection,
nucleus tracking, and quantification of Golgi complex
localization patterns for single cell nuclei over time. In
particular, we define and compare five different measures for
quantifying changes in compact and diffuse phenotypes. We
propose two measures based on mathematical morphology which
take into account shape, size, and contrast of image
structures. From the experimental results it turned out that
these measures have a higher discrimination power to
distinguish compact and diffuse phenotypes than a previous
frequently used measure.


A wearable embroidery `ㅂ` character shape UHF RFID tag antenna has been designed using conductive electro-thread. After testing characteristics of various electro-threads, the embroidery tag, with a T-matching structure, has been designed on a cloth with 200D(denier) electro-thread which performs electrically better. The embroidery tag on a piece of fabric or clothes made with the flexible electro-thread is a wearable tag and possible to be recognized by an RFID system. The conductivity of different deniers of electro-threads has been measured. The measured conductivity has been used for simulation and fabrication to have accurate simulation results. To verify the characteristics of the tag antenna, the return loss and reading range of the fabricated embroidery electro-thread UHF RFID tag antenna have been tested. The reading range is approximately 1.52 m.


What is a gall? A gall is an abnormal development or outgrowth of plant tissue resulting from an irritation caused by bacteria, fungi, or insects. Bacteria may cause tumors on the stems and crowns of such plants as blackberry and roses. An example is crown gall. Cedar apple leaf galls are caused by a fungus. Insects (aphids, mites, wasps, and flies) cause the majority of plant galls. Some of the common ones follow:


Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mutant genes affecting the limb skeleton is very incomplete. At this stage description of new phenotypes is still valuable, especially when they differ markedly from those previously described and have counterparts in man.

The gene for polysyndactyly ( Ps ) arose during a neutron irradiation experiment at the M.R.C. Radiobiological Unit at Harwell (Batchelor, Phillips & Searle, 1966), and was offered to the author in November 1964. The mice from Harwell were outcrossed to CB ♀♀ (the F 1 of CBA/Gr ♂♂ × C57 BL/Gr ♀♀). The stock was outcrossed again in late 1966 to improve fertility. Rigorous brother/sister mating has not been practised.

Embryos from Ps / + × Ps / + matings were fixed in Bouin's solution, sectioned at 7·5 or 10μ according to age and stained with H & E. In most cases only the limbs were sectioned (left fore and hind limbs transversely, right ones tangentially).


The intent of the essay is to verify if the Proposal on a Single Market For Digital Services (Digital Services Act), in the part where it aims to define the provider's liability for illegal activity or illegal content stored at the request of a recipient of the hosting service, ends up providing greater protection for the passive provider than the Electronic Commerce Directive. It is also the intent to examine to what extent the actual increased protection of the passive provider is compensated for by greater rigor in ruling out the possibility of the providers playing an active role in hosting.


Combined Factors V and VIII deficiency is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder identified in at least 58 families comprising a number of different ethnic groups. Affected patients present with a moderate bleeding tendency and have Factor V and Factor VIII levels in the range of 5–30% of normal. The highest frequency of the mutant gene is found in Jews of Sephardic and Middle Eastern origin living in Israel with an estimated disease frequency of 1: 100,000. We sought to identify the gene responsible for combined Factors V and VIII deficiency using a positional cloning approach. Of 14 affected individuals from 8 unrelated Jewish families, 12 were the offspring of first-cousin marriages. After a genome-wide search using 241 highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers, 13 of the 14 affected patients were homozygous for two closely linked 18q markers. Patients and all available family members were genotyped for 11 additional STRs spanning z 11 cM on the long arm of chromosome 18. Multipoint linkage analysis yielded a maximal log of the odds (LOD) score of 13.22. Haplotype analysis identified a number of recombinant individuals and established a minimum candidate interval of 2.5 cM for the gene responsible for combined Factors V and VIII deficiency. The product of this locus is likely to operate at a common step in the biosynthetic pathway for these two functionally and structurally homologous coagulation proteins. Identification of this gene should provide new insight into the biology of Factor V and Factor VIII production. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 99:596–601.)


The invention provides the manufacture method of a kind of polycarbonate-grade bis phenol A and high ultrapure grade bis phenol A.The condensation reaction that it is characterized in that phenol and acetone has adopted the multistage suspension bed technique, the transformation efficiency of condensation reaction and selectivity have all reached very high level, utilize the gas-solid phase reaction method that the adducts of dihydroxyphenyl propane and phenol is carried out the dephenolize operation, this method temperature is low, dihydroxyphenyl propane does not decompose in the dephenolize process, nondiscoloration has guaranteed the purity and the form and aspect of the finished product.The secondary adducts crystal returns the adducts Crystallization Procedure one time with the solution form, solved the problem of solid phase difficulty of transportation and vulnerable to pollution, one time adducts crystal promptly obtains high-purity polycarbonate-grade bis phenol A after the gas-solid phase reaction dephenolize, makes with extra care through a solvent crystallization and can obtain high ultrapure grade bis phenol A.


To improve the qualities of high strength mortar and concrete. 3 types of admixture and 4 types of gypsum are applied and fundamental properties of mortar and concrete made from them are investigated experimentally. As gypsum is added to mortar and concrete. the flow loss of mortar and slump loss of concrete are reduced and the slump loss is minimized when cements mixed with fly ash. ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume are used. According to adding the gypsum. the strength of mortar and concrete is improved because of much production of hydration products such as ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates. In addition. mortar added gypsum has the resistance on chemical attack.


Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) performed in an asynchronous manner plays a crucial role in training large-scale machine learning models. However, the generalization performance of asynchronous delayed SGD, which is an essential metric for assessing machine learning algorithms, has rarely been explored. Existing generalization error bounds are rather pessimistic and cannot reveal the correlation between asynchronous delays and generalization. In this paper, we investigate sharper generalization error bound for SGD with asynchronous delay $\tau$. Leveraging the generating function analysis tool, we first establish the average stability of the delayed gradient algorithm. Based on this algorithmic stability, we provide upper bounds on the generalization error of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\frac{T-\tau}{n\tau})$ and $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\frac{1}{n})$ for quadratic convex and strongly convex problems, respectively, where $T$ refers to the iteration number and $n$ is the amount of training data. Our theoretical results indicate that asynchronous delays reduce the generalization error of the delayed SGD algorithm. Analogous analysis can be generalized to the random delay setting, and the experimental results validate our theoretical findings.


Numerical experiments become more and more complex, resulting in workflows that are hard to repeat or reproduce. Even though many journals and funding agencies now require open access to data and model code, the linkages between these elements are often still poorly documented or even completely missing. The software platform Renku (https://renkulab.io/), developed by the Swiss Data Science Center, aims at improving reproducibility and repeatability of the entire scientific workflow. Data, scripts and code are stored in an online repository, and Renku records explicitly all the steps from data import to the generation of final plots, in the form of a knowledge graph. In this way, all output files have a history attached, including linkages to scripts and input files used generate them. Renku can visualize the knowledge graph, to show all scientific links between inputs, outputs, scripts and models. It enables easy re-use and reproduction of the entire workflow or parts thereof.

In the test case presented here, the Vegetation Optimality Model (VOM, Schymanski et al., 2009) is applied along six study sites of the North-Australian Tropical Transect to simulate observed canopy-atmosphere exchange of water and carbon dioxide. The VOM optimizes vegetation properties, such as rooting depths and canopy properties, in order to maximize the Net Carbon Profit, i.e. the total carbon taken up by photosynthesis minus all the carbon costs of the plant organs involved. The vegetation is schematized as one big leaf for trees and one leaf for seasonal grasses, and is combined with a water balance model. Flux tower measurements of evaporation and CO2-assimilation, and remotely sensed vegetation cover are used for model evaluation, in addition to meteorological data as input for the model. A numerical optimization, the Shuffled Complex Evolution, is used to optimize the vegetation properties for each individual site by repeatedly running the model with different parametrizations and computing the net carbon profit over 20 years. The optimization was repeated several times for each site to analyze the sensitivity of the results to a range of different input parameters.

This case demonstrates an example of a complex numerical experiment with all its associated challenges concerning documenting model choices, large datasets and a variety of pre- and post- processing steps. Renku assured the repeatability and reproducibility of this experiment, by documenting this in a proper and systematic way. We demonstrate how Renku helped us to repeat analyses and update results, and we will present the knowledge graph of this experiment.

References
Schymanski, S.J., Sivapalan, M., Roderick, M.L., Hutley, L.B., Beringer, J., 2009. An optimality‐based model of the dynamic feedbacks between natural vegetation and the water balance. Water Resources Research 45. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006841


Two-dimensional microscopic traffic models have been introduced in recent years, opening new lines of research. If properly developed, they may allow more accurate reproduction of traffic behavior, enhancing the effectiveness and application field of traffic simulation. This work analyses a particular behavior of drivers regarding the second dimension of driving (the lateral direction) that the authors call collateral anomaly. It encompasses the peculiar decisions and actions taken by them when two vehicles are right next to each other. In order to achieve that, data extracted from trajectories observed in U. S. highways is used. After the analysis, the authors discuss how these results, as well as others previously reported by different authors, are consistent with the idea of collision avoidance maneuvers executed by drivers due to sudden changes in the trajectories of neighboring vehicles. To verify this behavior on drivers is critical to characterize the way in which vehicles move in the lateral direction. The inclusion of such a behavior into a traffic model might improve the accuracy of traffic modeling, and would help to understand other behaviors observed in the field, which might be related with the lateral movement of vehicles, such as the relaxation phenomenon (Laval and Leclercq, 2008), or the influence of the lane's and vehicle's width in traffic (Bartel et al., 1997).


Agricultural labor force, agricultural economy, and farmland use are momentous components of sustainable development in rural areas, as well as essential causes of drastic changes in the urban–rural transformation. This paper studies the spatial–temporal characteristics of the labor–farmland–economy coupling structure from 2000 to 2018 in rural areas of Chongqing using spatial analysis technology. The study has four main results. First and foremost, not only has the average annual rate of the agricultural labor force in Chongqing reduced by 3.73%, but the reduction rates in Jiangbei District, Dadukou District, Nan'an District, Shapingba District, and Yubei District have exceeded 15%. Then, the average annual rate of the agricultural economy has increased by 9.32%, but it has been in a downward trend in Dadukou District, Jiangbei District, and Shapingba Districts. Furthermore, the average annual decline rate of farmland area is 0.34% with larger reduction occurring in the nine of the central urban districts, Chengkou County and Wushan County. Ultimately, there have been 33 districts and counties with the temporal–spatial characteristics of labor–farmland–economy coupling above primary coordination, which includes 16 districts and counties reaching a high coordination. This provides theoretical and methodical supports for the coordinated development of human and land industries in different regions.


Objective To observe the effects of age on insulin receptors (IR) in isolated rat liver cells, and to study the significance of the changes of IR in aging cells and the probable mechanism of the insulin resistance.Methods Twenty rats were divided into the young and the old groups, and their plasma insulin and IR on hepatocytes were measured by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor-ligand assay respectively.Results Compared with young rats, the concentration of the insulin in plasma increased markedly in old group. However, the number of the high affinity receptors on the hepatocytes was found to be decreased significantly in aging rats. There was no significant difference of the number of the low affinity sites or affinity between the young and the old rats.Conclusion The findings suggest that the number of high affinity IR on hepatocytes will decrease with the developing of senescence, and there is the insulin resistance in aging rats.


Natural dissolved organic matter found in groundwater can bind hydrophobic contaminants to form "complexes" and possibly affect their transport in the subsurface. The mobility of trace organic contaminants in soil originating from non-point source pollution may thus be affected by complexation reactions in the unsaturated zone. In order to predict the possible impact of such interactions on contaminant retention in soil, simulations have been made with a three-site sorption model. Two kinetic rate equations and an equilibrium Freundlich equation are used to describe possible sorption of two species of the contaminant (free or bound with dissolved organic matter) in a soil-water system. The equations governing the contaminant adsorption and the transport are simultaneously solved using an explicit-implicit finite difference technique, under steady-state water flow conditions. An analysis of the model9s sensitivity to variations in the "complex" sorption rate constants and the complexation constant, K c , demonstrated the relative importance of these processes and their effects on the vertical movement of the contaminant in soil. The influence of slow sorption kinetics for the "complex" varies as a function of residence time in the soil column, i.e. the pore-water velocity. Sorption of the "complex", when it does occur, diminishes the "carrier-effect" of the complexation. If the "complex" is non-adsorbable on soil, the transport of contaminants with K c values greater than 10 5 (mol/L) −1 will be significantly affected by dissolved organic matter concentrations typically encountered in soil-water systems. The possible application of the model to chemical transport studies in soil is discussed with respect to our present knowledge of complexation processes that can occur in field situations.


ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to determine effects of substituting steam-flaked corn (SFC) with whole shelled corn (WSC) in finishing diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on cattle performance, carcass characteristics, digestion, and rumen microbial ecology. Materials and Methods The study used 642 Angus-cross heifers (411.7 ± 18.0 kg of initial BW) assigned to 36 pens. Treatments (2 × 3 factorial) were 6 SFC-based finishing diets with 0 or 20% WSC and 0, 15, or 30% WDGS (DM basis). Ruminal fluid was collected to evaluate ruminal characteristics, and feces and manure were collected to determine nutrient digestion and losses. Results and Discussion Heifers fed 20% WSC diets had greater (P Implications and Applications Substituting SFC with 20% WSC in cattle finishing diets did not affect animal performance but decreased carcass quality. In contrast, increasing dietary WDGS decreased animal performance but did not affect carcass characteristics.


In this paper, we study anti-self dual manifolds endowed with metrics of neutral signature. Since the metrics depend on solutions of, in some cases, well-known partial differential equations (PDEs), we determine exact solutions using Lie group methods. This concludes specific forms of the metrics. We then determine the isometries and the variational symmetries of the underlying metrics and corresponding Euler–Lagrange (geodesic) equations, respectively, and establish relationships between the resultant Lie algebras. In some cases, we construct conservation laws via these symmetries or the "multiplier approach".


ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper presenting findings of an Experiment on econometric modelling of the long term employment impact of disarmament - examines consequences for regional level economic growth and economic structure, world-wide employment creation, and income and consumption in developing countries; advocates shift in resource allocation from public expenditure on arms in developed countries to economic development in developing countries. Bibliography, graph, statistical tables.


In a large sample of full-time University of Pretoria main campus students it was  found  that  a very high percentage of all the students reported an affiliation to religious bodies. They also generally regarded themselves as religious.  Many also regularly took part in the religious programmes. Quite a rosy statistical picture could be drawn. The one worrying result is the  chasm  which  shows between what the students regard as their religious organisation's views on certain moral issues, on  the one hand, and their own lifestyles, on the other.


I want to thank Michael Burawoy for putting public sociology in the spotlight. His efforts are important to the potential rekindling of radical debate in our society and to the further development of a sociology that can contribute to that debate. Burawoy should also be thanked for recognizing that the feminist critique in the 1970s was different from the other radical critiques of the period. For feminists, our "subject theorist and theoretical subject were one and the same." Feminist sociologists were criticizing sociology for its failure to produce understanding of our own lives and of the women's movement. And we were doing 'public sociology.' Burawoy is one of the few male sociologists who understand the importance of feminist thinking. While agreeing with Burawoy's intent and most of his proposals, I think his analysis would be strengthened with more attention to the feminist critique and to the complex involvement of gender in the issues he discusses. To make these points, here I briefly touch on, first, Burawoy's history of sociology, including the loss of much of the critical factor even as the old consensus was undermined; second, the notion of civil society as sociology's object and the distinctions between sociology, economics, and political science; third, the relationships between public sociology, critical sociology, and professional sociology; and the prospects for a more 'socialist' public sociology. I am going to suggest that critical sociology is not critical enough to support the kinds of social movements that may be necessary to protect our institutions against rampant neo liberalism and ambitions of empire.


Internet of Things (IoT) devices with their network services are often vulnerable to attacks because they are not designed for security. Especially with the rapid technological advances that make data increase exponentially. This is targeted by malicious users to exploit vulnerabilities or interfere with many vulnerability attacks. Therefore, deal with this vulnerability, an intrusion detection system that involves machine learning techniques is needed. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is targeted to get intrusion in a communication system by looking at the IDS types and methods. This is influenced by the characteristics of the IoT network involved and the reference dataset used in the detection system. This dataset determines the categories or classes of attacks upon which the IDS decides whether or not to intrusion. Reference databases that already exist and are often used, such as KDD Cup 99, NSL KDD, and attack datasets obtained from conditions. In developing IDS in IoT Device, the Machine Learning approach can be used to solve the type of algorithm used consisting of supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or Reinforcement learning. These algorithm methods can be used include SVM, Decision Tree, K-NN, ANN, RNN, and others. From the review analysis of dominant research conducted in 2015–2020, the largest percentage was obtained using the artificial neural network and deep learning algorithm for the intrusion classification process, with details of 16% ANN, 12% RNN, and DNN.


In the Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil, land use and land cover mappings have been obtained from optical images, though radar data are also a valuable alternative since they are independent of solar illumination and the microwave radiation can penetrate clouds and depict differences in canopy structures. In this aspect, the goal of this study is to analyze the potential of ALOS PALSAR data for land use and land cover mapping of DF at a scale compatible with 1:100,000. L-band, HH, HV and VV-polarized amplitude images from the end of wet season (April 25th, 2007) were converted into radar backscattering coefficients and processed through the image segmentation technique by growing region, available in the SPRING image processing software package. The segments were exported into the ArcGIS 9.2TM geographical information system software package as shapefile format. The corresponding land use and land cover class of each polygon was identified visually in the computer screen (visual interpretation). The folloowing thematic classes were discriminated: consolidate urban areas; urban areas in consolidation; natural grasslands; Cerrado shrubland; croplands; gallery forest; indiscriminated forests; pasturelands; reforestations; and water reservoirs. Cerrado shrubland, with 39,990 ha, was the most representative mapping class of the study area, followed by consolidated urban areas and natural grassland, with 29,950 ha and 27,918 ha, respectively. The accuracy of the final map, given by the Tau index, was 70%.


How to provide high quality data for computer vision is a challenge. Researchers spent a lot of effort creating image datasets with more images and more detailed annotation. Computer graphics (CG) is a way of creating synthetic images, during the image synthesis many types of information of the CG scene can be exported as ground truth annotation. In this paper, we develop a pipeline to synthesize realistic human images and automatically generate detailed annotation at the same time. We use 2D annotation to control the pose of the CG human model, which enables our images to contain more poses than motion capture based method. The synthetic images are used to train and evaluate human pose estimation algorithm to show its usefulness.


As climatic variability and anthropogenic stressors are growing up continuously, must be defined the proper criteria for forest vegetation assessment. In order to characterize current and future state of forest vegetation satellite imagery is a very useful tool. Vegetation can be distinguished using remote sensing data from most other (mainly inorganic) materials by virtue of its notable absorption in the red and blue segments of the visible spectrum, its higher green reflectance and, especially, its very strong reflectance in the near-IR. Vegetation reflectance has variations with sun zenith angle, view zenith angle, and terrain slope angle. To provide corrections of these effects, for visible and near-infrared light, was used a developed a simple physical model of vegetation reflectance, by assuming homogeneous and closed vegetation canopy with randomly oriented leaves. A simple physical model of forest vegetation reflectance was applied and validated for Cernica forested area, near Bucharest town through two ASTER satellite data , acquired within minutes from one another ,a nadir and off-nadir for band 3 lying in the near infra red, most radiance differences between the two scenes can be attributed to the BRDF effect. Other satellite data MODIS, Landsat TM and ETM as well as, IKONOS have been used for different NDVI and classification analysis.


Background: Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients if not treated promptly. As we were facing considerable delays in the management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenic patients in the Emergency Department (ED), we initiated an improvement project aiming for "door-to-antibiotic time" of 60 minutes or less for all patients with fever and suspected chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was established to work on the project. We used quality improvement tools for mapping the existing patient flow processes of patients with FN in the ED. Several proposed change ideas have been tested using the Model for Improvement. These change ideas include improving the triaging process, creating an electronic "chemotherapy alert caution" and order sets for physicians, and using the hot-line by nurses to call the pharmacy to expedite the process of preparation of antibiotics. Outcome and process measures were collected weekly and they were discussed thoroughly and analyzed by the team. Run charts were used to monitor the progress. Results: After six Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, all process measures improved and ultimately the "door-to-antibiotic time" was achieved by reducing it from 255 minutes to 49 minutes. During project testing and implementation, the nursing staff skills improvement and education were taken into consideration as a balancing measure. Conclusion: In a six-month period, the project led to a timely administration of antibiotics for patients with FN in the ED. This improvement was sustained for more than two years after the project initiation.


The International Temperature Scale, which has been in force since 1927 (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 1927, 1934), is based on certain values assigned to the boiling- and freezing-points of pure substances and on specified means of interpolation between, or extrapolation beyond, these points. The highest basic point of the scale is the freezing-point of gold, defined as 1063-0° C, while for extrapolation from this temperature use is made of the Wien law of radiation with a certain value of the constant c2. Though any temperature above 1063° C is thus completely defined without reference to further fixed points, determinations of such points are of considerable value. In particular, they serve to indicate the degree of reproducibility of the scale and, when well authenticated, to provide secondary standards for its realization in cases where this is more convenient than a primary calibration. A good example of the use of secondary fixed points is the establishment by the National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A., of a scale of colour temperature (Wensel, Judd and Roeser 1934), based on the freezing-points of platinum (1773° C), rhodium (1966° C) and iridium (2454° C).


A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a caffeic acid derivative, rosmarinic acid, and the main flavone and flavanone glycosides in leaves of Mental×piperita, namely eriocitrin, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, hesperidin, isorhoifolin, diosmin, eriodictyol 7-O-glucoside, and narirutin. The last two were identified for the first time in M.×piperita and Mentha genus, respectively. Forty cloner, belonging to the three varieties of M.×piperita, were investigated. The eight phenolic constituents are present in all clones. The flavonoid content of the leaves ranged from 8.6 to 11.8% on dry weight basis


The survey of the overall economic and financial situation in the Eastern Russia during the First World War is presented in the article. Special attention is paid by the author to the first experience of local emissions of money surrogates.


Children who migrate to Sweden are usually introduced to the Swedish school through some kind of introduction programme in their new community. This study examines the experiences of newly arrived ...


Indeed, as the 19th century drew to a close, McGill had emerged as an institution with great promise due to the efforts of the "Three Williams:" William Dawson, Sir William Osler, and Sir William Peterson. Each in their own way played key roles in laying the foundation of McGill as a world-class university. As the second Millennium draws to a close the record of scholarly achievement is now secure. And yet, one thing is constant since James McGill set in motion the founding of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning in 1821, then as now, the institution now know as McGill University is beset with new challenges which strike to the very core of its existence.


Background: The signaling protein S6K undergoes phosphorylation at multiple serine/threonine sites, but the functional significance is unknown. Results: Cdk5 phosphorylates S6K at Ser-411 in neuron, and loss of this phosphorylation event reduces the density of dendritic spines. Conclusion: Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of S6K is crucial for spine morphogenesis in neuron. Significance: A new signaling pathway in regulating neuronal connectivity is identified. The maturation and maintenance of dendritic spines depends on neuronal activity and protein synthesis. One potential mechanism involves mammalian target of rapamycin, which promotes protein synthesis through phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K). Upon extracellular stimulation, mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylates S6K at Thr-389. S6K also undergoes phosphorylation at other sites, including four serine residues in the autoinhibitory domain. Despite extensive biochemical studies, the importance of phosphorylation in the autoinhibitory domain in S6K function remains unresolved, and its role has not been explored in the cellular context. Here we demonstrated that S6K in neuron was phosphorylated at Ser-411 within the autoinhibitory domain by cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Ser-411 phosphorylation was regulated by neuronal activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Knockdown of S6K in hippocampal neurons by RNAi led to loss of dendritic spines, an effect that mimics neuronal activity blockade by tetrodotoxin. Notably, coexpression of wild type S6K, but not the phospho-deficient S411A mutant, could rescue the spine defects. These findings reveal the importance of cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated phosphorylation of S6K at Ser-411 in spine morphogenesis driven by BDNF and neuronal activity.


Virtual teams, or geographically distributed groups, are becoming more prevalent in organizations with the development of globalization, interorganizational alliances and ICT development. Virtual teams enable organizations to pool the talents of their own employees in the competitive global environment. As an important factor of virtual teams' success, trust has been a hot topic in the research field of virtual teams. This paper discusses the issue of trust in virtual teams. First we elaborate on the definition of trust, and then we discuss trust in virtual teams. Based on review of research findings concerning virtual team, we propose that trust affects short-term and long-term virtual team in different manners in which the influence of personal relationship grows with time. For short-term virtual team, swift trust or cognition-based trust is important which can be initiated by task-oriented communication or impersonal communications. In contrast, personal relationship established by face-to-face communication is the key for the success of long-term virtual team.


The proper correlation of the magnetic data obtained by different organizations and institutions within the accuracy attainable in field work, is a matter of importance in the general magnetic survey of the globe undertaken by the Department Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. In the course of its work thus far, the Department during the period 1904-07 has made comparisons between its instruments and those at the following observatories: Apia (Samoan Islands), Baldwin (Kansas), Cheltenham (Maryland), Havana (Cuba), Honkong (China), Honolulu (Hawaiian Islands), Melbourne (Australia), Zi-ka-wei (China), Sitka (Alaska), Sydney (Australia), Tokyo (Japan), Toronto-Agincourt (Canada), Vieques (Puerto Rico), and during 1908 at Christchurch (New Zealand), Kew (England), Helwan (Egypt), and Tiflis (Russia). The 1908 comparisons form the subject matter of the present paper. Those at Kew, Helwan and Tiflis were secured by Magnetic Observer J. C. Pearson en route to the field work assigned him in Asia Minor and Persia, whereas those at Christchurch were obtained during December 31, 1907, to January 6, 1908, by the ocean magnetic party of the Galilee.


Radiances measured by remote‐sensing instruments are now the largest component of the atmospheric observation network. The assimilation of radiances from nadir sounders involves fast radiative transfer (RT) models which project profiles provided by forecast models onto the observation space for direct comparison with the measurements. One of the features typically characterizing fast RT models is the use of a fixed vertical coordinate. If the vertical coordinate of the RT model is not identical to that used by the forecast model, an interpolation of forecast profiles to the RT model coordinate is necessary. In variational data assimilation, the mapping of the Jacobians (derivatives of the RT model output with respect to its inputs) from the RT model coordinate to the forecast model coordinate is also required. This mapping of Jacobians is accomplished through the adjoint of the forecast profile interpolator. As shown, the nearest‐neighbour log‐linear interpolator commonly used operationally can lead to incorrect mapping of Jacobians and, consequently, to incorrect assimilation. This incorrect mapping occurs as a result of leaving out intermediate levels in the interpolation. This problem has been previously masked in part through the smoothing effect of forecast‐error vertical correlations on the analysis increments. To solve this problem, two simple versions of an interpolator relying on piecewise log‐linear weighted averaging over the layers are investigated. Both markedly improve Jacobian mappings in the assimilation of observations, with one being slightly favoured over the other. This interpolator is being incorporated into the RTTOV model used by several operational weather forecasting centres. Copyright © 2007 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper deals with the influence of the rheological behaviour on the morphology and geometry of the chip during a high speed machining. In order to describe the material rheology corresponding to high strain rates, large values of cumulated plastic strain and important temperature gradients, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) experimental test is used. A general parameter identification method based on an inverse finite element analysis is used to compute rheological parameters. The idea is to find a set of the constitutive coefficients which minimizes a least-squares cost function defining the difference between the global experimental measurements and the corresponding numerical data obtained from a finite element simulation of the test. A finite element model of the high speed machining is employed to analysis the sensitivity of the numerical results in the cutting area with different rheological laws: a classical Johnson-Cook one and a proposed Arcsinushyperbolic one. This new law, proposed by the authors, shows the importance of the rheological formulation to a better description of the cutting results: distribution of equivalent strain rate, cumulated plastic strain, the equivalent Von-Mises stress, temperature and geometry of the cutting area.


A model of governance implies that democracies provide public goods at different levels than dictatorships. Systems of governance are characterized by inclusiveness—the degree to which public good decisions reflect the interests of all citizens versus an elite subset. The theory indicates that less inclusive (autocratic) governments will under-provide public consumption goods relative to more inclusive (democratic) governments. Governance indicators are formed from data on attributes of governments, e.g., the method of selecting the chief executive, the power of the legislature, and the openness of political competition. Autocratic governments are found to provide public schooling, roads, safe water, public sanitation, and pollution control at levels far below democracies. Public goods provision is strongly related to per capita income in democracies, but not in autocracies.


There is a need for an engineering approach to the design of prostheses for the middle ear. This paper discusses one and two degree of freedom models and how well they fit the available data on the transfer function of the middle ear. Newton–Raphson and polynomial regression techniques have been used in performing these fits. Possible control mechanisms for high‐amplitude response will be discussed. Constraints on the manufacture and implantation of such devices will also be discussed.


Interfacial instabilities developed during two-layer flows of LDPE melts were investigated theoretically through viscoelastic FEM analysis as well as experimentally on a flat multi-manifold coextrusion die. During continuous reduction of the minor layer, the wave type appears in the film first whereas the zig-zag type is only visible later, at the much thinner minor layer, which is an opposite order compared to film blowing coextrusion. Moreover, extensional viscosity of the minor layer was found to play a significant role from the interfacial instability point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 153–162, 2005


Eighteen of the top 100 coal enterprises in China(2011) were selected as the object of safety efficiency study.Their safety efficiency was studied using the method of DEA.The results of study show that only seven of the enterprises studied are under the ideal condition of minimal safety input,that resources need to be allocated rationally,and that the decision-making efficiency of the managers needs to be improved.


Abstract The relationship between the amount of organic matter determined using various extraction methods and the nitrogen mineralization potential (N0) in soil was examined with reference to land use (upland and paddy soils) and soil type (non-volcanic and volcanic soils). Surface soils were collected from agricultural lands all over Japan (n = 72). Seven methods of extracting labile organic matter were used: water extraction (WE), hot water extraction (HE), extraction using an autoclave (AU), phosphate buffer extraction (PB), sulfuric acid extraction (SA), separation of light fraction (LF) and permanganate oxidation (PM). Significant relationships were observed between N0 and the content of organic N (OrgN) when the WE, AU, PB and LF methods were applied for all soil samples. Higher correlation coefficients were obtained for groups of similar soil samples in terms of land use and soil type. Namely, for the upland non-volcanic soils, PB-OrgN (r = 0.66**, **P < 0.01) and SA-OrgN (r = 0.69**, **P < 0.01) showed significant relationships and close values to N0. For the upland volcanic soils, PB-OrgN (r = 0.72**, **P < 0.01) showed significant relationships and the closest value to N0. Therefore, for the upland soils, PB was considered to be the most suitable method for predicting N mineralization potential. For the paddy non-volcanic soils, AU was considered to be the most suitable method for predicting the mineralization potential because of the significant relationship and the result was closest to N0. The content of labile organic N regulated the soil N mineralization pattern. In the upland soils, the source of N mineralization differed between short-term and long-term mineralization and, in general, mineralization was regulated by the amount of labile organic N to be mineralized because there was a limited amount of labile organic N. In the paddy soils, the source of N mineralization was similar, regardless of the duration of mineralization, and mineralization could be regulated by a high amount of labile organic C instead of N because of the high content of labile organic N. These findings may provide useful information not only for investigations of the source of mineralized organic N, but also for enhancing the productivity of agricultural lands.


In consideration of key problems as the design of dual-friction drums on the new type self-driven towing machine,which is special power equipment,has been lack of necessary design basis,and mechanical analysis has been carried out by the method of combining the calculus with finite element simulation.Functional relation of tension changes in the wire rope along the drums grooves was obtained,and mechanical analysis model of drum was presented.The stress state of the drums and their relationship under different load conditions was studied.The finite element model of drums was established and analyzed by applying ANSYS software.The simulation result was compared with that of theoretical calculation.It shows that applying the unit beam mechanical model in stress calculation of drums was proven to be suitable and effective,and has great significance and engineering value for the strength design of friction tube-type parts.


The objectives to be achieved in this study are to determine the effect of E-WOM on revisit intention, the effect of food quality on revisit intention, the effect of food quality on E-WOM, the effect of service quality on revisit intention, andthe effect of service quality on EWOM. The study was conducted at a vegetarian restaurant in Yogyakarta. The variables in this study are food quality, service quality, EWOM, and revisit intention. The populations in this study are all consumers of Vegetarian Restaurants in Yogyakarta. The number of samples in this study is 250. Data collection techniques used is questionnaire. Data processing techniques in this study is SEM based on Partial Least Square (PLS). PLS program that was chosen is the SmartPLS 2.0. M3. The results show that (1) E-WOM has a positive effect on consumer revisit intention, (2) Food quality has a positive effect on consumer revisit intention. (3) Food quality has a positive effect on EWOM. (4) Service quality has a positive effect on consumer revisit intention. (5) Service quality has a positive effect on E-WOM. (6) The test results show that E-WOM has no role in mediating the relationship between food quality and consumer revisit intention. (7) The test results show that E-WOM has no role in mediating the relationship between service quality and consumer revisit intention.


How should one fill R^ with disjoint open balls of the same radius in the densest manner possible? Any such distribution of balls in R^ is called packing; if the centres of the balls form an adidtive subgroup of R^, then the packing is called a lattice. The fraction Δ of the space interior to the balls is called the density of the packing. Let λ^ = — (1/JV) log Δ (here and below, all logarithms are to the base 2) be the density exponent, and Fjy the volume of the iV-dimensional unit ball. In this article we are interested in packings and lattices in spaces of high dimension and in the behaviour of their densities as TV -> <». The best known asymptotic lower estimate of λ̂ γ is λΝ > 0.599 [1]. It is known [2] that there are lattices with \jy ~ 1. The question of packings and lattices that can be defined constructively is of interest. We require the existence of an explicit algorithm (depending on TV -* °°) giving a rule for constructing the centres of the balls—a generating algorithm; we also estimate the order of complexity of this algorithm as a function of N.


Customer loyalty has a noticeable impact on the long-term health of businesses. Hence, with the rise of consumers' awareness, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is essential in consumer behavior, specifically in attracting and retaining customers. This paper try to explore the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer loyalty based on a bibliometric analysis of 56 indexed articles between 2009 and 2020. First, the leading journals and countries in the field were identified. Subsequently, a citation analysis coupled with content analysis of the 16 most cited articles was performed. The challenge was to find out the clusters' divergence in a pinpointed topic. Accordingly, two main research streams were identified based on their mediating variables: (1) mediating effects related to consumer behavior; (2) mediating effects related to the brand. For future researchers, a future agenda was retrieved from the most influential and recent papers in the field to contribute to advancing the existing knowledge.


Unsteady gas pulsations in compliant tube, predicting pressure amplitude extremum as function of mean flow by linear theory with frictional effect


In 2017, the FDA approved high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays. Clinicians now regularly use these tests that lower the limit of


Abstract Introduction Estimation of renal size is useful parameter in the diagnosis of abnormal structural change on the kidneys due to the adverse effects of chronic diseases like hypertension. This study evaluated renal volume by ultrasound in relation to body size parameters, notably BMI and body surface area in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Methods A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2018 at the Radiology department of the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). The study included consecutively selected samples of ambulatory hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive controls recruited consecutively on voluntary basis. After providing verbal informed consent, each subject underwent abdominal ultrasound examination; length, width and thickness of both kidneys were measured and used for estimation of renal volume. The statistical evaluation included independent samples t-tests for mean differences with regard to ultrasonic renal measurements between hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups, Results A total of 145 adults aged 16 - 80 years (mean +/-SD= 44 +/-17) participated in the study. In the hypertensive group, renal volume ranged 36.1 - 201.6 (mean=97.7) cm3 for the right kidney and 39.6 - 189.5 (mean=104.4) cm3 for the left kidney, whilst it was 61.8 - 159.5 (mean=101.1) cm3 for the right and 35.8 - 253.7 (mean=111.8) cm3 for the left kidney among the control group. Both kidneys were slightly smaller in the hypertensive group as compared to the controls. Right renal volume to BSA ratio ranged from 23.5 - 100.6 (mean=58.2) cm3/m2 in hypertensive group, while it was between 37.0 and 96.1 (mean=62.6) cm3/m2 among the control group (p=0.076). Left renal volume to BSA of the patients which ranged from 24.1 - 97.1 (mean=62.2) cm3/m2 was significantly (p=0.012) lower than that of the non-hypertensive group, which was between 23.6 and 132.5 (mean=69.3) cm3/m2. Conclusion The results of this study have shown slightly smaller bilateral renal volume among hypertensive patients as compared the controls. We recommend large scale research in other parts of Ethiopia so that nationally representative data can be obtained.


Depression was prominent among 40 alcoholics in an alcohol treatment program. Untreated depression may increase risk for relapse to problem drinking. The structured diagnostic interview schedules, DIS and Zung, showed good agreement and were effective instruments in the detection of depression in alcoholics.


This chapter reflects the administrative organization of the Hispanic provinces during the Roman High Empire. In the first part we deal with different aspects regarding the province like the division into provinces of the Iberic peninsula and its territorial changes. Afterwards we analyze the peculiarities of every province and of their administrative staff. We finish with the provincial subdivisions, focusing in the conuentus, their organization, chronology and functions.


Abstract: This paper examines how three poems by Daniel Defoe—A New Discovery of an Old Intreague (1691), The True-Born Englishman (1701), and The Mock Mourners (1702)—engage with the typological difficulties attendant on Williamite panegyric. Since William's claim to rule was so unconventional, biblical models were at once indispensable and impractical; scripture continued to provide an essential framework for conceptualizing contemporary politics, but its established affiliations with the ideology of divine right made it an unwieldy subtext. Rather than sidestep or reduce this problem, Defoe makes it the cornerstone of William's legitimacy, figuring his exceptional authority as a function of the aesthetic and historiographic strain he imposes on panegyrical poetry.


Anti-NogoA is a promising anti-inhibitory molecule that has been shown to enhance functional recovery after spinal cord injury when delivered in rat and primate models over the span of weeks. To achieve this sustained release, anti-NogoA is typically delivered by osmotic minipumps; however, external minipumps are susceptible to infection. To address this issue, we developed a drug delivery system that consists of anti-NogoA-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles dispersed in a hydrogel of hyaluronan and methylcellulose (composite HAMC). To optimize in vitro release, we screened formulations for improved anti-NogoA bioactivity and sustained release based on combinations of coencapsulated trehalose, hyaluronan, MgCO3, and CaCO3. Co-encapsulated MgCO3 and CaCO3 slowed the


The mechanisms by which hyperglycemia increases mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are not well defined. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of glucose on early cardiac remodeling following cardiac arrest and reperfusion. Isolated hearts of male Sprague Dawley rats were cold‐arrested and subjected to 60 minutes normothermic reperfusion in the working mode with Krebs‐Henseleit buffer supplemented with glucose (25 mM) or mannitol (25 mM; osmotic control). Alterations of gene expression in the left ventricle were then determined by microarray analysis. Compared to non‐perfused hearts, perfused hearts displayed a more than twofold increased expression for 71 genes (mannitol group) and 103 genes (glucose group) connected to inflammation, apoptosis, and remodeling. There was a significant overlap between the transcriptional changes found in the perfused rat hearts and gene alterations previously reported in the right atrium (p < 2.34E‐16) and left ventricle (p < 4.83E‐46) of patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CBP. A rank‐rank hypergeometric overlap analysis of the genes differentially expressed in perfused hearts demonstrated that the transcriptional remodeling occurred independently from the presence of glucose. However, compared to hearts perfused with mannitol, glucose further increased the expression of early stress response genes and master regulators of metabolic reprogramming Myc (+ 56%), Nr4a1 (+ 30%), and Nr4a2 (+ 76%). This was accompanied by the increased expression of enzymes and membrane transporters controlling metabolic flux in pathways associated with the activation of immune cells and fibroblasts, including glycolysis (HK2, SLC2A3), glutamine catabolism (SLC1A5, GLS), fatty acid biosynthesis (OLAH), polyamine biosynthesis (ARG1, SAT1), and hexosamine biosynthesis (UAP1, GFPT1). Interestingly, glucose failed to enhance the expression of these transcription factors and enzymes in the heart of rats rendered insulin resistant by high‐sucrose feeding. This study demonstrates that the isolated working rat heart accurately reproduces the stress response associated with cardiac surgery with CPB. The results also suggest that glucose promotes the activation of resident cardiac immune cells and stromal cells in the stressed heart by enhancing their metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, we demonstrate that insulin resistance blocks the metabolic reprogramming induced by glucose in the isolated heart.


Porous activated carbon (PAC) was synthesized using hard template method from petroleum sludge waste categorized as toxic waste, using mesoporous MCM-41 as silica template. This sludge waste consists of very high carbon content due to the processing and separation's by-product of crude oil and natural gas from the flowing fluids released from the reservoir. The properties of sludge waste was characterized by FTIR to identify the functional group, XRD to determine the crystal structure, SEM-EDX and CS analyzer to perform elemental analysis, as well as determination of moisture content and ash content. The properties of PAC were studied by analyzing the pore size and volume using BET method, and elemental analysis using SEM-EDX and CS analyzer. The elemental analysis results showed that sludge waste consists of 47.10% carbon, indicated it is potential to be converted into activated carbon. The functional group analysis results indicated that sludge waste consists of some functional groups such as hydroxyl, ...


Oil and Gas production in Nigeria are domiciled in the Niger Delta. Agroforestry technologies were introduced as mitigation strategies against food insecurity as land management technique due to constant litigation on accusation of emissions, increase climate change and environmental devastation. Objectives were to determine reasons for agroforestry practice by rural women and identify effects of agroforestry technologies on income in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta. A total of 270 respondents in Bayelsa, Imo and Rivers States were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Data were collected with questionnaires and focus group discussion. Descriptive statistics and Discriminating index were used for analysis. Results showed a mean age of 51years, 38% completed secondary school, 77% married, household size of 6 and 3-4 years' experience. A discriminating index of 2.5, food production (2.8*), Income generation (3.4*), raw materials production (3.3*), Nutrient replenishing (3.1*) and soil quality (2.9*) topped reasons for agroforestry practice. It was concluded that Agroforestry technology should be advocated through extension education to meet food needs of Niger Delta to addressing the reputations of Multinational Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. This study recommends that Multinational Oil and Gas companies should assist primary stakeholders to establish agroforestry farms as part of its corporate social responsibility addressing food insecurity and unemployment.


This research was conducted to measure whether budgetary participation and motivation affect employee performance in banking either partially or simultaneously. The research sample was 33 people, where the sample was selected by saturated sampling method. Based on the results of data analysis and testing described in the previous chapter, some conclusions obtained from this study include: (1) Partially, budget participation has a positive and insignificant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Bank Mandiri KCP MMU Medan Pasar Gambir with a regression coefficient of 0.015 and a data significance of 0.946; (2) Partially, motivation has a positive and insignificant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Bank Mandiri KCP MMU Medan Pasar Gambir with a regression coefficient of 0.320 and a data significance of 0.051. This indicates that employees' high motivation to work will achieve a predetermined standard / goal; (3) Simultaneously, budget participation and motivation together have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Bank Mandiri KCP MMU Medan Pasar Gambir where the value of the Simultaneous Test Coefficient (F) is 35,272 with a data significance of 0,000. This means that participation rates and work motivation can affect employee performance results.


Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieblet zucc,an evergreen arbor,is distributed widely in Dujiangyan Forest and its fruits and seeds feed numerous animals.we have studied the function of rodents on seeds of two densities along the edge and inside of mountain,which are released in four different habitats,primary stand,secondary stand,shrubland and C.fortunei stand.The results show that:(1)The mainly fate of seeds influenced by rodents is in-site removing.(2)The impact of edge factor and density factor does not change the role of rodents significantly different.(3)Overall there is significant difference of seeds median lifetime in four habitats.(4)There are different numbers of survival seeds in four habitats.


Aim To investigate the effects of diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) fed during pre- and post-weaning time periods on the lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity in adult C57Bl/6 mice, in order to assess the impact of maternal nutrition and its interaction with the offspring diet on the metabolism of adult offspring. Methods Female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet enriched with n-6 PUFA (P) or control diet (C) for 2-weeks before, during mating, gestation and lactation, while their pups received either P or C for 8-weeks post-weaning. Results A significant interaction between the maternal and post-weaning diets was observed for the offspring body weight, food-, caloric-intake, plasma lipids, hepatic mRNA expression of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, aortic contractile and relaxation responses (P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall metabolic and physiological outcome in the offspring is dependent upon the interaction between the pre- and post-weaning dietary environments.


Epidemiological changes in the population lead to an increasing number of elderly people with a chronic disease. Telehealth is proposed as one of the solutions for the growing challenges of the health care system caused by these changes. The telehealth system eWALL seeks to promote the independent living of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mild cognitive impairment or age related impairments. The eWALL system is in a developmental stage in which partners from 14 different European countries are included. A three phase cognitive walkthrough-approach was performed on the eWALL system in order to evaluate the usability of the system. First the cognitive walkthrough performed by experts, second, rating of the identified usability problems identified by other medical partners, and third, discussion on a plenary telecommunication call among medical partners and technical partners. (n=119) usability problems were identified distributed among the 14 functionalities of the telehealth system. The majority of the usability problems were discovered in the functionalities: 'TV' (n=21), 'Calendar' (n=20), and 'Environmental box' (n=18). The least usability problems were identified in the functionalities: 'My sleep' (n=1), 'Photo frame' (n=2), and 'My Everyday Life' (n=3).The results of the cognitive walkthrough served as a concrete, structured and constructive collaborative tool between the medical partners and the technical partners involved in the eWALL project. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of SciKA Association for Promotion and Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge.