Chris Gilbert examines the ecological aspects of Venezuela's project of communal socialism, as well as its relation to the country's inherited extractive economy. These democratically run communities present an alternative to the extractivist and productivist social relations driving the planet to ruin.


Abstract : The objective of the current study was to develop new methods for carbon, nitroxides, and nitrogen bond formation. Below we summarize the results of there major research areas: (1) Nonacidic amine nitration. Two new nonacidic nitrating agents were developed that proved to be effective in secondary nitramine synthesis; 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diol dinitrate and 2- trifluoromethyl-2-propyl nitrate. These two nitrating reagents give nitramines in 60-100% yield without nitrosamine by-product formation. The reaction scope of these new lipophilic nitrophores appears to be limited only by steric crowding of the amine substrate. (2) Nitroacetylene synthesis. A general method was developed and refined for nitroacetylene synthesis by treating substituted bis- trialkylsilyl acetylenes with either nitronium hexafluorophosphate or freshly triturated nitronium tetrafluoroborate in polar solvents such as nitromethane and acetonitrile. Using this procedure, we prepared several new nitroacetylenes in 30-70% yields. Preliminary experiments indicate that the electrophilic nitroacetylenes behave in an anticipated manner toward dienes, 1,3- dipolaraphiles, and general acetylenic addition reactions. (3) Nitrodealumination. We examined the interactions between vinylaluminate salts and various nitrating agents. This effort culminated in nitroolefin preparation by treating vinylaluminum and vinylaluminate salts with tetranitromethane. Using this procedure, we converted several aryl and aliphatic acetylenes to the corresponding nitroolefin in low to moderate yields. Keywords: Chemistry; Synthesis; Polynitro compounds; Nitroacetylenes; Nitramines; Nitroolefins.


2536 Background: Anti-CD20 and anti-CD22 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been shown to have antitumor activity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Since preclinical and clinical trials also suggested that combining CD20 and CD22 MAbs, which have different mechanisms of action, could improve antitumor activity without a commensurate increase in toxicity, we hypothesized that a therapeutic advantage may be achieved with bispecific MAbs that bind simultaneously to both CD20 and CD22.

METHODS
A new platform technology, termed the Dock and Lock method (DNL), was successfully applied to produce a trivalent bispecific antibody, named TF3, which comprises two recombinant Fab fragments of hA20 (humanized anti-CD20 MAb; IMMU-106) stably tethered to one recombinant Fab fragment of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 MAb; IMMU-103) via the specific interaction between a dimerization-and-docking domain and an anchoring domain appended to hA20 and epratuzumab, respectively. The cytotoxicity of TF3 was evaluated by cell-based assays using NHL cell lines.

RESULTS
TF3 is stable in both human and mouse sera andexhibitsthe samebinding affinity as hA20 IgG or epratuzumab Fab by competitive ELISA. With a 3-day MTT assay, TF3 at 10 nM inhibited 50% and 60% growth of Daudi and Ramos cells, respectively. Further, the observed anti-proliferative activity increased synergistically to >90% in the presence of anti-IgM (0.1 μg/mL). Results from a cell counting assay also demonstrated the ability of TF3 at 1 μM to completely inhibit the growth of Daudi and the potency of TF3 at 1 nM was comparable to that of rituximab at 1 μM under the same experimental conditions, reflecting a 1000-fold enhancement.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings, to be extended by ongoing in vivo studies, suggest that the new DNL platform technology for making bispecific antibody fusion proteins provided a CD20/CD22 binding protein that is significantly more potent than rituximab in an in vitro NHL direct cytotoxicity assay. [Table: see text].


Pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion lung injury reperfusion injury of the lung oxidant stress during reperfusion injury in the kidney hypoxic ischaemia and reperfusion injury in the liver small bowel ischaemia and reperfusion injury pathophysiological mechanisms phospolipids in myocardial reperfusion injury role of calcium in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury oxygen radicals neutrophil-derived oxidants myocardial reperfusion injury evaluation of the reperfusion injury in the liver.


Address for Correspondence: Dr. Deepa Somanath, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Madagadipet, Puducherry605 107, India. E-Mail: email@example.com *1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India. 2 Post Graduate Student, Dept. of Anatomy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, India. Arterial variations in the branching pattern of arch of aorta are uncommon and may occur as a result of developmental changes in the fusion and absorption of various pharyngeal arch arteries into the aortic sac. The present case report describes a finding in a male cadaver aged between 6065 years about the origin of left vertebral artery directly from the arch of aorta. Such variations should be kept in mind during surgical procedures in the superior mediastinum.


Abstract Statutory and coluntary community welfare agencies are increasingly unertaking 'reviews'. However, there is limited understanding of the wider social policy events influencing the form and function of reviews. This article focusses on reviews in voluntary agencies and suggests reasons for the increase in level of review activity and provides practical guides on achieving a successful review process.


ABSTRACT A partitioned solution approach for the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of turbo machine rotors is presented. The in-house developed boundary element method solver panMARE is used for the fluid simulation, while the structural side is treated with the commercial finite element method solver ANSYS. The generic in-house multiphysics coupling library comana is used for the management of the implicit coupling procedure. As the first example, the KRISO container ship propeller is considered. The simulation is validated for open water test conditions assuming a rigid propeller based on the thrust and torque coefficients. Simulation results for a flexible propeller in open water are also presented. In the second example, the validation of the FSI simulation is conducted for a multilayered flexible submersible mixer based on thrust and torque coefficients and local strains. The results show a good agreement between the simulations and the experimental data for both examples.


The interaction of a water mist jet with the thermally stratified turbulent field developing over a horizontal heated flat plate, in an open top cavity, is investigated experimentally. The physical phenomena dominating this interaction, besides their importance for theoretical thermo-fluids, influence a wide spectrum of applications including fuel injection in internal combustion engines and burners, electronics cooling, meteorology, fire extinguishing, deposition and coating processes etc.
Water mist, generated in a nebulizer, is sprayed through a cylindrical orifice of internal diameter 4mm, vertically, towards the horizontal surface and at considerable distance from it (50cm).
In order to establish a reference case data base, a significant part of the work refers to data collection and study on the thermal convection field characteristics, in the absence of the spray mist, as well as on the isothermal mist jet development. The interaction field has been investigated for mist jets of two Reynolds numbers and at two flat plate heating rates. The mist jet Reynolds numbers were rather low in order to enhance the influence of the plate and the flow structures generated due to buoyancy.
Mean and turbulent characteristics of the spray (velocity and size) and the temperature distribution were monitored. A small thermocouple, significantly smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, was used for temperature measurements. Droplet velocities and sizes were measured with Phase Doppler Anemometry, which also provided concentration and flux measurements.
Moving plumes, often in the form of mushrooms, were identified as the dominant structures in the convection field. The form of temperature probability density functions was related to the past history of formation and heat exchange of air masses crossing the measuring point. An eigenfrequency, identified in the temperature power spectra indicates the presence of a large scale structure.
The presence of the target plate decelerates the mist jets reducing also turbulent fluctuations close to the surface. Heating influences the mean and fluctuating velocities at considerable distance from the plate, reducing the rate of jet mass flux growth due to entrainment, more evidently for the low Re jet. Droplet sizes decrease downstream, presenting different trends in relation to Re. Increased values of the Sauter mean diameter (D32) are observed very close to the plate surface, particularly for the high Re number, isothermal jet.


The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that a portfolio optimization model using the L 1 risk (mean absolute deviation risk) function can remove most of the difficulties associated with the classical Markowitz's model while maintaining its advantages over equilibrium models. In particular, the L 1 risk model leads to a linear program instead of a quadratic program, so that a large-scale optimization problem consisting of more than 1,000 stocks may be solved on a real time basis. Numerical experiments using the historical data of NIKKEI 225 stocks show that the L 1 risk model generates a portfolio quite similar to that of the Markowitz's model within a fraction of time required to solve the latter.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate personality-related antecedents of Vietnamese workers' attitudes toward female managers, which subsequently predicted workers' judgments of them.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a factorial experiment to examine participants' general attitudes toward women's rights and roles and their particular attitudes toward female managers in the workplace. Vietnamese workers (N = 159) were randomly assigned to experimental conditions of manager performance and completed a post-test questionnaire. This study also qualitatively explored participants' observations of any gender stereotypes in the workplace.FindingsFindings demonstrated that participants' gender, general attitudes toward women's social rights and roles, and internal work locus of control positively predicted their attitudes toward female managers. Qualitative findings showed perceived gender-based egalitarianism in the workplace, but women's leadership qualities were barely recognized.Originality/valueThis study is the first to utilize a mixed-method approach to assess Vietnamese workers' attitudes, contributing to the literature on attitudes toward both women in general and women in management in Asia generally and in Vietnam in particular.


This article addresses anthropology's engagement with the emerging discipline of global health. We develop a definition for global health and then present four principal contributions of anthropology to global health: (a) ethnographic studies of health inequities in political and economic contexts; (b) analysis of the impact on local worlds of the assemblages of science and technology that circulate globally; (c) interrogation, analysis, and critique of international health programs and policies; and (d) analysis of the health consequences of the reconfiguration of the social relations of international health development.


Clustering Web Usage data is one of the important tasks of Web Usage Mining, which helps to find Web user clusters and Web page clusters. Web user clusters establish groups of users exhibiting similar browsing patterns and Web page clusters provide useful knowledge to personalized Web services. Different types of clustering algorithms such as partition based, distance based, density based, grid based, hierarchical and fuzzy clustering algorithms are used to find clusters from Web usage data.These clustering algorithms require more space and time forlargerWeb server log files. K-Means algorithm has been one of the most widely used algorithms for clustering Web usage data due to its computational performance. Although K-Means algorithm is relatively fast and efficient compared to other clustering algorithms, it has some major drawbacks. The number of clusters must be specified in advance. The initial cluster centroids are selected randomly. Clustering result depends on the selection of randomly selected initial cluster centroids and different runs on the same input data might produce different results. KMeans algorithm is sensitive to noisy data and outliers. Recent studies have supported the use of neural networks such as Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) and Self Organizing Maps (SOM) for real world data mining problems. Among the architectures and algorithms suggested for neural networks, the SOM has special property of effectively creating spatially organized internal representations of various features of input data and their abstractions. In this paper we propose a framework for finding useful information from Web Usage Data that uses SOM. First we have constructed the sessions using concept hierarchy and link information. Then SOM is used to cluster the sessions. We provide experimental results to show the benefits of using concept hierarchy for synaptic weights and clustering Web usage data using SOM. In this paper, we have considered the server log files of the Website www.enggresources.com for overall study and analysis.


While solid-state diffusion is in general a slow process, exceptions are found in certain kinds of inorganic materials, predominantly concerning small cations moving in an environment of large and chemically soft anions. [...] We have used a potentiometric method, recording the change in potential after a perturbing current pulse and have studied three sulphides under the [radioactive waste] repositary conditions, namely chalcocite, chalcopyrite and bornite


Due to a large amount of highly nonlinear simulation calculation and time-wasting for thin-walled tube bending process simulation,in order to shorten the simulation time and improve the efficiency of the analysis,a special method is used in engineering to accelerate the simulation process,such as speed acceleration,mass scaling methods etc. But such a unilateral physical adjustment method is easy to produce errors,and not rigorous enough,lack of theoretical foundation support. The paper puts forward a method for the simulation analysis of forming process of tube bends,which combines coordinate translation with mass scaling and is called the equivalent method. The paper deduces the basic formula of the equivalent method; it takes transformation of time coordinate,meanwhile keeps spatial coordinates not transform,and controls the computation by controlling bends forming time and steps of recurrence formula. The paper gives out steps for using the equivalent method,and validates its correctness and validity,which shows that this method can not only greatly raise simulation efficiency,but also has enough analysis precision.


ABSTRACT Knowledge-making is a social activity. In this essay, I discuss how the economics discipline may be becoming a bit more cognizant of this fact, even though it goes against a long habit of imagining objectivity to be something attainable by lone (traditionally male) researchers. One promising recent development is the increasing attention being paid to community checks on empirical work in the form of meta-analysis, pre-registered studies, and replication. Another is the recent effort towards professional diversity and inclusion undertaken by leaders of the American Economic Association. To illustrate the importance of these two initiatives, I give an example of how community checks and inclusion of an historically marginalized perspective have exposed biases in previous – supposedly 'rigorous' – empirical behavioral economics research. Yet the acknowledgement that knowledge-making is social needs to expand further, into influencing not only how work, but what we work on, and what we work for.


The ultrastructure of the spittlebug Notozulia entreriana (Berg) is presented. The study resulted in 32 scanning electron microscope photos, with detailed species description.


In everyday forms of legal consciousness or popularised interpretations of law in the field of law enforcement there is often a tendency to identify the categories of «legality» and «enforceability». This practice can be produced both by extra-scientific forms of determination, consisting in the effort to form in the legal culture of the population the image of the unity of law and right and trivial substitution of concepts that creates a serious methodological problem of scientific understanding of the phenomenon of law itself. The authors therefore set the objective of this research - to analyse the mentioned categories. The article outlines the author's position in understanding the correlation between the categories of «legality» and «enforceability», which is fundamentally important for the methodology of legal science, and theoretically analyses the practical forms of representation of this correlation on the example of firearms use by police officers.
The theoretical basis of the research are the studies of national and foreign academics.
Methodology. In the process of working with the material the systematic method, as well as methods of comparative legal, historical and legal analysis and formal logic were used.
Results. The authors find out that the definition of the correlation between the concepts of «legality» and «enforceability» is reasonable to conduct on the methodological basis of differentiation of the concepts of «right» and «law», which makes it possible to consider enforceability as a broader concept that includes elements of situational discretion. The justification for this conclusion is that the concept «enforceability» means the compliance of certain social phenomena to law, which can be understood not only as the norms of law, but also the system of natural rights of social subjects, determined by socio-cultural and moral norms of social life.


Purpose: To analyze immunohistochemically morules in endometrioid lesions to show that CD10 is a sensitive marker for morular metaplasia. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical analysis of 53 instances of morular metaplasia comprising 1 cyclic endometrium and 52 endometrioid lesions associated with focal glandular complexity corresponding to 9 polyps, 4 atypical polypoid adenomyomas, 24 complex endometrial hyperplasias (18 with and 6 without atypia), 12 grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinomas in early clinical stages of both uterus and ovary, and three ovarian adenofibromas. Immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections was done for CD10, β-catenin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and cytokeratins 5-6, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19, 20, and 34β-E12. Results: Morules were negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors and had β-catenin–positive nuclei. Cytokeratins 8, 18, 19 were positive; cytokeratins 7 and 20 were negative; and cytokeratins 5-6, 13, and 34β-E12 were weakly positive. All cases revealed strongly positive membranous CD10 staining in morules, which was absent in glands. CD10 positivity allowed easy identification of morules at low power in various types of surgical specimens and in curettings. CD10 also highlighted early morular metaplasia in glandular epithelium. In cases associated with squamous, keratinizing metaplasia, CD10 discriminated between both types of metaplasia. Conclusions: CD10 staining represents a useful marker of morules in endometrioid neoplasms of the female genital tract, permitting identification of lesions usually associated with an attenuated malignancy. Considering the immunohistochemical and genetic similarities of morules in tumors of different organs, it is likely that this marker may be also useful to diagnose morular metaplasia in similar neoplasms of extragenital locations.


Abstrct:The weighted inequalities for singular integral operators with Hrmander type kernels defined by Young functions on nonhomogeneous spaces are given.


Native/Indigenous narratives of health and environmental activism often engage with feminist disability issues to center the connections between land, health, sovereignty, and historical legacies of settler militarized colonialism. Within the context from which Native women and youth act as key leaders in health and environmental activism, expanded modes of feminist disability inquiry could interrogate how transformative justice issues require historicizing concepts of ableism through ongoing legacies of settler colonialism. Considering the work of Native writers such as Winona LaDuke, feminist disability studies scholars might critically examine how key tenets of feminist disability issues such as access require attention to Native/Indigenous narratives. This article begins with a critique of foundational disability studies work to trouble settler concepts of access that rely on settler state-granted accommodations without critically examining how the settler state generates disability in the first place. Next, the article analyzes ableism in anti-obesity discourse targeting Native/Indigenous youth as an example of how feminist disability studies scholarship might work toward foregrounding settler colonialism in cultural examinations of disability. Finally, this article examines how Native/Indigenous narratives of health and environmental activism negotiate access to land and cultural resources outside of settler state structures of extractive, corporate land, and bodymind encroachment.


The primary carcinoma of the tube is a rare neoplasm. At the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases in the last four years it has an incidence of 0.12 percent among all malignancies pelvic genital tract. The clinical symptoms are not typical. The diagnosis has been a surgical and pathology findings. The cytodiagnosis by the method of the three sheets, completed its examination of the biopsies, help you think about the possibility of carcinoma of the tube. In our case, one of adeno-carcinoma well differentiated papilliferum, is alive and in good condition; two of anaplastic type, showed recurrence within a few months and ended up dying at 6 and 7 months, respectively. You may histologic type is related to prognosis. The treatment is subject to the stage of evolution. It should be as radical as possible. Often it is complemented by X-ray and chemotherapy.


Since short polymer chains have a higher mobility than long molecules, conventional expectations are that the growth rate, G, of polymer crystals should decrease as the concentration of large chains increases in a binary blend. Here we present results on G as the blend concentration, ϕ, is varied from short chains of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which are well above the entanglement molecular weight, to long PEO chains. Contrary to the simple mobility argument, G(ϕ) is nonmonotonic—clear evidence that another mechanism can dominate. We propose a tentative model based on the simple idea that chain ends retard the crystal growth. Thus, increasing the chain end concentration with the addition of short chain molecules can reduce the crystal growth rate.


ABSTRACT This article explores the responses of African American musicians to the strictures placed on the production and circulation of information following the war on terror post 9/11. This date marks the intensification of the challenging of 'war on terror' ideology by black artists. 9/11 also ushered in a new morality in terms of which artists and democratic voices are subjected to extreme control by the government. Most black popular musicians, though American by citizenship, do not feel included in the American nation. There are noticeable and differentiable tendencies among musicians who adopt strategies of resistance to the American state, which the artists view as practising terrorism on its own people. The lyrics of Public Enemy and Talib Kweli are most trenchant in their critiques of American domestic and foreign policy in the period both before and after 9/11. A textual analysis of the music can help uncover the extent of social ideology in the music, which not only proclaims itself a crusade against American 'war on terror' ideology, but sometimes openly identifies its inspiration as deriving from Islam. While selected lyrics demonstrate a quest for the liberation of black Americans from the perceived injustices perpetrated by America on its black people and the Arabs in general, the singers articulate their visions from the contradictory ideological ground of being American, victim, and visionary artist for a better society.


Pathologists often rely on features of the subcellular structures, i.e., nucleus and cytoplasm, to differentiate different types of immune cells. Accurate segmentation of the sub-cellular structures can help classify cell types. However, segmentation in histology tissue images is very challenging, due to, intra-class variations and inter-class similarity, complex and crowded background, and noisy data. In this paper, we propose a novel energy minimization framework with constraints, that can easily incorporate various photometric and geometric priors to alleviate such challenges. We also propose a novel layered graph model to solve our energy minimization problem optimally in polynomial time. Experiments on clinical data demonstrate our method obtain better results on both segmentation, and classification of cell types using features extracted from the segmented subcellular structures, than other popular state-of-the-art general segmentation methods.


The cell surface of human fibroblasts contains not only type IIGF receptors but at least two forms of IGFBPs. Studies were undertaken to analyze the mechanisms by which these IGFBPs alter IGF‐I‐cell surface interactions. Human fetal fibroblasts (GM10) and a human glioblastoma cell line (1690) were chosen for analysis. During assays to quantify [125l]‐IGF‐l binding, both cell lines were shown to release IGFBPs into the binding assay buffer. Under equilibrium conditions, [125I]‐IGF‐I preferentially associates with IGFBPs in the assay buffer (up to 40% of the [125I]‐IGF‐I added) since they have a higher affinity than type IIGF receptors or IGFBPs associated with the cell surface. Likewise the addition of increasing concentrations of unlabeled IGF‐I results in preferential competition for binding to assay buffer IGFBPs. This results in a repartitioning of the [125I]‐IGF‐I that is bound to assay buffer IGFBPs onto cell surface binding sites. The degree of repartitioning is quantitatively related to the amount of [125I]‐IGF‐I bound to released IGFBPs. When cultures are exposed to cycloheximide before the binding assay, both the amount of IGFBPs that are released into the assay buffer and the amount of [125 I]‐IGF‐l that is repartitioned are decreased. In contrast when [Gln3, Ala4, Tyr15, Leu16]‐IGF‐l (IQAYLj‐IGF‐I, an IGF analog that has unaltered affinity for type I IGF receptors) is iodinated and tested, the competition curve with unlabeled IGF‐I shows no repartitioning effect. This form of IGF can be used to quantify type I receptor number independent of the presence of IGFBPs. IGF‐I and the [QAYL]‐IGF‐I compete equally with the [125I]‐[QAYL]‐IGF‐I for binding to cell surfaces, whereas unlabeled [QAYL]‐IGF‐I is > 25‐fold less potent compared to IGF‐I in competing with [125I]‐IGF‐I for cell surface binding. Specific binding of [125I]‐[QAYL]‐IGF‐I to GM10 and 1690 cell surfaces is < 20% of [125I]‐IGF‐I binding. These findings suggest that IGFBPs that are present on human fibroblast surfaces represent a large portion of the IGF binding sites. We conclude that the amount of IGFBPs released into assay buffer is a major determinant of the repartitioning of [125I]‐IGF‐I to cell surface binding sites and that both cell surface and assay buffer IGFBPs modulate type I IGF receptor binding.


In tradition architectural design education, instructor and students share and discuss their ideas through drawings and models. Physical models are hard to be modified during discussion, and it is difficult to view the interior spaces. Drawings, including plans, elevations and sections, are generally used as a medium for the purpose of presentation and discussion. We propose an integrated system to support architectural design education, in which multiple users can not only explore and discuss 3D designs in a VR environment, but also manipulate 3D elements. This system also integrates procedural 3D modeling, providing users with the capability of modifying 3D designs in real-time through adjustments of parameters.


In this dissertation I will study the phenomenon of the hiperbole sacroprofana in different Castillian writers of the 15th to the 17th centuries, in order to show in what does this fact consists, and how it has to be sorted out. Thus, I will also show how this tendency unfolds and how the use of either one or another resource leads the hiperbole towards different expressive horizons. Although the hiperbole sacroprofana is usually detected by most of scholars, it has never met proper attention, so that it has turned into a jumble in which the most disparate instances of a lady's praise. Yet, an accurate analysis of this phenomenon reveals that this is not the case, and that this resource has manifold aspects and varying intentions and expressive ways as well. In this dissertation, where some five thousand hiperboles are analysed, I point out the various kinds of instances, and I classify them according to their expression and their literary-intellectual interweaving. Besides I monitor this fact to explain how hiperbole varies with the passage of times. By so doing a deficiency in the history of literary criticism, which mistook and likened all sorts of hiperboles in poetical texts, is eased. So we can see that, in its origins, hiperbole was confined to using sacred terms in profane poems out of their context (which I call hiperbole lexica o de insercion terminologica). This resource was effectual insofar as the use of words religiously connoted carried along devout attitudes towards poems of earthly love so that the lady and the feeling that the author professed became "adulterated" by Christian attitudes...


To solve the problem of the selecting of the external insulation under complex circumstance conditions, a flashover voltage forecasting model of contaminated insulators based on double ANNs is proposed in the paper. The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) is the key of flashover voltage on contaminated insulator, and circumstance conditions are also great influence on it. The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) value of insulator can be treated as a nonlinear time series and be forecasted by the nonlinear time series ANNs model. The flashover voltage forecasting model consists of two artificial neural networks. The first is used to forecast the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) time series and the second is employed to calculate the withstand voltage of insulator. A series of artificial pollution tests show that the results of the forecasting model is acceptable in engineering application.


In the field of intelligent video surveillance and the multimedia applications we usually need to detect the moving object which is separated from the background. The results of the moving object detection would affect the subsequent identification, classification and tracking. Meanwhile shadow detection and suppression are also the important technology of the intelligent video surveillance. Because the moving object and shadow usually has the same behavioral characteristics, which has led to the errors of object recognition and tracking and affect the robustness of system seriously. This article studies the principle and algorithm of background subtraction, and has a detailed discussion and analysis. Shadow detection and suppression algorithms based on the YUV color space for processing. The experiment result shows that the algorithms for moving object detection with a better accuracy and stability of this paper.


Abstract Twenty-five new compounds of the form (PhCH2Me2SiCH2)3SnSP(X)(ORl)(OR2)(X = O:R1 =C2H5, R2 = Substituted phenyl; X = S:R1 = R2 = hydrocarbyl) have been synthesized. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H, 119Sn, 31P NMR, MS and elemental analyses. 119Sn NMR measurement of chemical shift have shown that there is a good linear relationship of 119Sn chemical shift with para-substituent Hammett constants.


Organometallic halide perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 (methylammonium lead iodide, herein called MAPbI) continue to draw great attention to the photovoltaic field as a promising candidate material for its cost-effectiveness and fast growing efficiency [1, 2]. Especially, Methyl-ammonium lead trihalide as light absorber (CH3NH3PbX3, where X is a halogen atom such as I, Br or Cl) with a bandgap of 1.5~2.3 eV depending on halide content has been studied intensively in many different types of platforms in recent years, in search for further breakthroughs in conversion efficiency [3]. However, the studies of long-term stability of such organic perovskites and their behavior under applied bias and extended photo-exposure, etc. have hitherto not been investigated at necessary details. In this study, we have probed the following configuration of the halide perovskite solar cell platform; going from the bottom to top in order is; glass, FTO, compact TiO2, mesoporous TiO2 with filled MAPBI, MAPBI, Spiro-OMeTAD, and top gold electrode.


A common mechanism that can be used in content encryption applications for binding content to a specific receiver, container or communication channel to separate application specific work from the cryptographic details, regardless of the binding scheme being used. This mechanism includes the definition of a secure binding state object which holds and manipulates all the keys that comprise the most sensitive information in any such a system. This information is fully encapsulated in the binding state object and is not accessible from outside the object, making the application less vulnerable to external attacks. The present invention allows applications to be changed quickly from one encryption scheme to another because they all use the same mechanism with only a difference in encryption calculation. Also, components implementing the proposed mechanism grow more stable over time as a result of reuse in multiple applications.


The multi-hop wireless charging technology has attracted a lot of attention, as it largely extends the charging range of chargers. Different from the existing work with single cost optimization, the objective of this article is to optimize the comprehensive cost, which is the combination of energy cost and deployment cost. We decompose the target problem into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem aims to minimize the deployment cost with energy capacity constraints. The proposed algorithm follows the greedy strategy, where the subset of sensor nodes for any charger is determined by finding the capacitated minimum spanning tree. The second sub-problem, which aims to maximize the reduction of comprehensive cost by adding chargers to the solution of the first sub-problem, is proved to be an unconstrained submodular set function maximization problem and can be solved by a 1/2-approximation randomized linear time algorithm for its equivalent problem. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed solution can reduce the comprehensive cost by 57.55% comparing with the benchmark algorithms.


The study examines the development of production, transport and distribution of copper carvings and stills to produce spirits in Chile and western Argentina, from the first recorded alembic (1586) until the mid-nineteenth century. It is detected that the main pole manufacturing of these devices was in the North of Chile, between Huasco and La Serena. From there, stills spread through a large space. The route of wrought copper and still spread over 5,000 kilometers, reaching the farms on both sides of the Andes, from Guayaquil (Ecuador), Callao (Peru) and Cinti (Bolivia) to the south frontier of the Spanish empire. Thus, an intense process of regional economic integration flourished, while the local agroindustry development with the possibility of distilled spirits strengthened. In this way, set the grounds for the emergence of several typical products.


Abstract The history of the forces of capitalism in pre-Communist China regained momentum at the turn of this century because present Chinese authorities commenced to enhance the valuation of local entrepreneurialism. It had been for a long time identified with a mere form of imperialism or some kind of companionship with the economic offshoots of the Powers having imposed their rules along several Unequal Treaties. Historians can therefore reinterpret the developments of foreign business in the China of the 1900s–1940s to reconstitute the interlocking between actual imperialist forces and more and more strong Chinese houses.


Charge transfer complexes between substituted indoles and tetracyanoethylene in carbon tetrachloride have been studied at 20°C and Kct values have been determined. The results indicate a strong positional effect and an additivity effect for polysubstituted indoles. Enthalpy and entropy changes have been determined and discussed.


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With three years of painstaking efforts, Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology has developed the Prototype of L-band Aperture Synthesis Microwave Radiometer (PLASMR). In this experiment, a large physical observation aperture by a thinned array of single small-aperture antennas has been designed to avoid the large size and weight of large-aperture antennas, to obtain high space resolution, and more importantly to better serve the satellite application and to observe and measure the sea salinity and soil moisture. Firstly, the paper presents the system design method and the structure of the Prototype of L-band Aperture Synthesis Microwave Radiometer (PLASMR). Secondly, the verification experiment was introduced. Lastly, the result of the nature target imaging is given. The development of the Prototype of L-band Aperture Synthesis Microwave Radiometer establishes engineering application for measuring the sea salinity and soil moisture. (4 pages)


The discussion of luxury food in medieval Islamic societies is based on data drawn from culinary and dietetic texts produced during the period from the tenth to fourteenth centuries. The sources reflect more specifically the food concerns of an urban leisure class rather than those of the ruler's court circles. Characteristics of the urban high cuisine are described as well as the parallel interest in other forms of nourishment, such as 'home remedies' described in both types of source material and reflecting the relatively self-contained nature of the urban bourgeois household.


Dr. Scalia is an orthodontic postgraduate student, Dr. Perinetti is a Research Fellow, Dr. Locatelli is a Clinical Instructor, and Dr. Contardo is an Assistant Professor, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia 34129, Italy. Dr. Locatelli is also in the private practice of orthodontics in Portogruaro, Italy. E-mail Dr. Scalia at dott.alessandro. email@example.com. ALESSANDRO SCALIA, DDS GIUSEPPE PERINETTI, DDS, MS, PhD RANIERI LOCATELLI, MD, MS LUCA CONTARDO, DDS, MS


It is recognized with increasing frequency that individuals admitted to treatment settings for substance dependence have more than one major disorder. Human immunovirus (HIV) infection is now readily identified in the rapidly growing population of intravenous substance abusers. Addicts' -mixed addiction to a variety of drugs, rather than one alone, are usual, and major coexisting psychiatric disorders confound the development of comprehensive treatment approaches. The current use of the term "dual diagnosis" applies to the coexistence of major psychiatric diagnoses, such as manic depressive illness, or schizophrenia, and a major substance disorder: abuse or dependence. Each diagnosis connotes a primary illness and each requires comprehensive evaluation and treatment. Few studies on its prevalence have been completed, but findings from studies of federal government and private hospital populations indicate that concurrent diagnoses are present in 10-35% of all individuals treated for substance dependence. Psychiatric disorders may precede the substance disorder, placing the individual at risk; may influence or exacerbate the course of the illness; may become linked over time with psychiatric symptoms, such as alcohol use in persons with manic depression; or may emerge as a consequence of use, since drug addiction produces a number of traumatic disruptions in patients' physical and emotional health.


Judicial review of administrative actions is perhaps the most important development in the field of public law of this century as an interest to a broad class of empirical researches and administrative law professors. Judicial control over the work of administration is a court approach for observation of illegal actions taken by the administrative bodies, once all legal means are used in the administrative procedure. In this article the concept of judicial control over administrative actions is reviewed in the general perception focusing the research in both systems, civil law and common law system. Judicial review of the administrative activity is one of the main characteristics of government that aims protection of the rights of the citizens or the civil servants with regard to the different breaches in the field of administration. Guaranteed rights to judicial review of the administrative acts are part of the package of the democratization measures in transition countries. Having into consideration that administrative law is related to the crossing point between the citizens and the state, cases are usually brought in the administrative courts or courts of general jurisdiction by way of the procedure known as "judicial review of the administrative decisions".Judicial review of the administrative acts is related to the issue whether the public bodies acted lawfully having into consideration that such authorities may be acting unlawfully if it has made a decision or acted on the grounds of illegality, grounds of reasonableness, grounds of fairness, or in general in breach of European Laws or Human Rights Acts. In this regard, the court's authority is related to review the decision of administrative body and to decide whether it is illegal.


The travelling fun-fair, emerging from trade and hiring fairs prior to the twentieth century, is a beguiling and uncharted realm of illusion, deception, thrill and adventure. It offers a glimpse of the improbable and impossible, and a taste or touch of the unattainable. There is an immediate and overwhelming polysensory overload, of sight, of sound, light, smell, disorientation, performance and serendipitous sociality. This article tracks the voice on the travelling fun-fair and asks whether the contemporary situation, examining two specific examples of voice, is a continuation or break with tradition. The voice is approached through a nested consideration of the overall experience, the cacophonous soundscape (music, scream, mechanical noise), and finally a totality of voices as an element within the soundscape. This phenomenological approach – from the point of view of the 'punter' – is then balanced with a historical consideration of the showperson's voice. These two approaches are then combined to examine the continuity of cultural tradition.


In this article, we leverage in-memory computation for data-intensive applications to surmount the bandwidth restrictions inherent in the Von-Neumann computing paradigm, while addressing transistor technology scaling challenges facing Moore's Law. We introduce the Spintronically Configurable Analog Processing in-memory Environment (SCAPE) which incorporates top-down architectural approaches along with bottom-up intrinsic device switching behaviors of spin-based post-CMOS devices. SCAPE embeds analog arithmetic capabilities providing a selectable thresholding functionality to realize generalized neuron activation functions that are integrated within the 2-dimensional memory array. Within each module, circuit-switched connections allow in-field configuration of the partly reconfigurable neuron activation function to suit the target application, and the intrinsic computation is performed using spin-based devices. This hybrid-technology design advances in-memory computation beyond previous approaches by integrating analog arithmetic, runtime reconfigurability, and non-volatile devices within a selectable 2-dimensional topology. Simulation results of error rates, power consumption, power-error-product metric, are examined for real-world applications including edge-of-network based Compressive Sensing and Machine Learning use cases, along with process variation analysis. Results show up to 7% improvement in error rate using proposed implementation of enhanced activation function versus baseline conventional sigmoidal activation, whereas realization of AMP signal processing algorithm shows ∼95% reduction in energy consumption at comparable accuracy.


The historic and current case to retain a focused clinical nursing identity within an academic context is explicit; however there is tension between the need for excellence in teaching and research, and obligation to maintain a credible clinical identity. Nursing is politically and vocationally advanced but, arguably, weaker academically. Considered an 'old vocation' but a 'young discipline', nursing lacks the traditional background found in established academic communities. Nurses still find it difficult to 'let go' of the past and new academics will often try to re-create a clinical role because they lack confidence in their ability to fulfil an academic one. Moving forward, the new graduate nursing programmes and the growing number of hybrid or 'pracademic' roles spanning education and practice will, through the co-creation of knowledge, challenge discipline boundaries and produce a new generation of leaders for the profession.


Charles Oxnard. Form and Pattern in Human Evolution: Some Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Approaches. Chicago.‐ University of Chicago Press, 1973, ix + 218 pp. Figures, bibliography, and index. $12.50.


All rightl reserved. No paft of this book may be reproduced means. electronic or mechanical, including or by "flY information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing ftom rbe publishers. Copyright 2012 Campus Vedag GmbH, Frankfu1t-oll,Main Cover Campus Frankfllrt-on-Main Cover illustration: www.fotolia.com/adamgolabek Priming office and bookbinder: Beltz Druckpartner, Hemsbach Prill ted on acid Cree paper. Printed in Germany


This text compares the curative effection on Allergic Rhinitis between Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Western Medicine.The disadvantages of Western Medicine include:axiomatize the pathomechanism and therapeutic schedule,without paying attention to premorbid phase,without holism concept.The features of TCM include: holism concept,harmonization between soma and spirit,the dialectic conception.There are advantages and disadvantages both in TCM and Western Medicine.Combination of TCM and Western Medicine is the developmental direction of Allergic Rhinitis in the future.


Objective:To develop methods for determinating the urine level of metformin and glipizide and to study the urinary excretions of drugs in healthy Chinese volunteers after single dose administration.Methods:After metformin urine samples were diluted by mobile phase,the supernatant was injected into the system directly by using Lichrospher ODS column with a mobile phase of 3 mmol/L sodium dodecylsulfate(pH 4):acetonitrile(75:25),and the detected wavelength was 232 nm.Glipizide in urine samples was extracted with ethyl acetate after urine acidation,and separated on Lichrospher ODS column using acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid(10 mmol·L-1ammonium acetate)(55:45) as mobile phase.The mass spectrum was performed in the selected anion monitoring mode.Ten health Chinese volunteers were treated with single dose of two metformin-glipizide tablets.The metformin and glipizide concentrations in urine were determined before treatment and 0-2,2-4,4-6,6-8,8-10,10-12,12-16 and 16-24 h after treatment.Results:The inter-day and intra-day precision values were below 10%.In 24 h,the accumulation amounts of metformin and glipizide excreted in urine were(102.5±27.3) mg and(452.2±191.4) μg,respectively,the accumulated excretion rates were(26.27±7.00)% and(9.04±3.83)%,respectively after treatment.Conclusion:The assays(HPLC-MS and HPLC) have been proved to be accurate and sensitive,which can be used in the study of human urinary excretions of glipizide and metformin.


Waste-rock material used in underground backfill mining has a granular texture and acquires non-linear deformation characteristics when compressed. The deformation modulus of waste-rock measured by a laboratory compression test is significantly different from the true deformation modulus in the field, due to the complete confining effect of the loading steel cylinder. In this study, we performed a series of laboratory-based compression tests on waste-rock samples. The results showed that lab-acquired deformation modulus variations of waste rock could be divided into three stages: slow increase, accelerated increase, and rapid increase. We also measured the true deformation modulus of backfill waste rock by conducting a field test in gob areas of the Tangshan coal mine, China. The hardening process of backfill waste rock during the field test was analyzed, and could be divided into four stages: roof contact, rapid compression, slow compression, and long-term stable. With the increase of axial strain, the lab- and field-measured deformation moduli of waste rock both increased exponentially. A correction parameter was proposed to investigate the relationship between the field-generated true deformation modulus and the lab-tested deformation modulus. The correction parameter k positively correlated with the axial strain, in the form of an exponential function. The magnitude of k was between 0.5616 and 0.6531.


It is well known that the urban employees' pension is consist of the basic pension, transitional pension and personal account pension. How to inspire the insured to renew and improve the driving force of the employee, is also an urgent problem to be solved. This paper designs four urban workers 'pension incentive programs, by comparing the regular deposit interest rates, social average salary growth rates, and the national social security fund investment yield, and taking the program Invitation and steady and long-term development into consideration, and then select the best one.


Hydrogen gas (∼60% H 2) was produced in a continuous flow bioreactor inoculated with heat-treated soil, and fed synthetic wastewater containing glucose (9.5 g l −1). The pH in the bioreactor was maintained at 5.5 to inhibit consumption of H 2 by methanogens. The objective of this study was to characterize bacterial communities in the reactor operated under two different hydraulic retention times (HRTs of 30-h and 10-h) and temperatures (30°C and 37°C). At 30-h HRT, the H 2 production rate was 80 ml h −1 and yield was 0.91 mol H 2 / mol glucose. At 10-h HRT, the H 2 production rate was more than 5 times higher at 436 ml h −1 , and yield was 1.61 mol H 2 /mol glucose. Samples were removed from the reactor under steady-state conditions for PCR-based detection of bacterial populations by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). Populations detected at 30-h HRT were more diverse than at 10-h HRT and included representatives of Bacillaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Entero-bacteriaceae. At 10-h HRT, only Clostridiaceae were detected. When the temperature of the 10-h HRT reactor was increased from 30°C to 37°C, the steady-state H 2 production rate increased slightly to 463 ml h −1 and yield was 1.8 mol H 2 /mol glucose. Compared to 30°C, RISA fingerprints at 37°C from the 10-h HRT bioreactor exhibited a clear shift from populations related to Clos-tridium acidisoli (subcluster Ic) to populations related to Clostridium acetobutylicum (subcluster Ib).


A detailed investigation was performed on magnetoacoustic responses of compressional waves and shear waves, with two different orientations of polarization, propagating in a low carbon, high yield strength steel specimen at various uniaxial stress levels. The experimental technique was to measure the fractional frequency shift of phase-locked acoustic waves as a function of net magnetic induction, Delta f(B)/f. For the present study, the orientation of wave vector was fixed perpendicular to the uniaxial stress axis. The results show an almost negligible effect of tensile stress, which is normally unexpected, but a very pronounced effect of compressive stress. These results clearly indicate a limitation of the validity of the model based on magnetic domain wall motion. In an attempt to interpret these new results, the uniaxial stress effects on magnetostriction and magnetization curves were investigated, and the effect of tensile stress-induced magnetic dipolar fields was examined.<<ETX>>


Objective: To identify the relative abundance of medically important species of flies and their seasonal activity on Qeshm Island in Persian Gulf, Iran. Methods: Flies collection was performed during Mar 2011 to Feb 2012 in all different areas of the island by using the common fly trap and plastic water bottle fly trap, reverse-cone model, containing tainted lamb or beef meat as bait. The captured flies were identified by using valid flies systematic keys, checklists and species description. The relative abundances and seasonal activity of flies, was estimated by means of flies captured per trap in every month. Results: In this study a total number of 11 species of medically important flies in three families including Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae, were collected. The relative means abundance of flies was estimated to be (6.3 ± 1.1) per trap. The most abundance was seen in rural areas in the South of Qeshm Island with (10.1 ± 1.5) per trap. In this island, medically impotent flies had two peaks of activity in early spring and early autumn, during April and October. Flies activity decreases in July and August due to the high increase of temperature and humidity of the weather. In February, the relative decrease in air temperature reduces the activity of the flies. Conclussions: Flies diversity and abundance in spring and early autumn were higher, especially in rural areas of Southern Qeshm Island. The high diversity and abundance of flies are moderate in Qeshm. Insect control measures should be conducted during the peak of flies activity. Peer reviewer P


S E T T I N G : Pakistan is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country, moving from low human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence to a concentrated epidemic driven primarily by people who inject drugs (PWID). The Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Unit (AAU) in Islamabad, Pakistan, is a residential facility that offers combined treatment for opioid dependence and HIV. O B J E C T I V E A N D D E S I G N : This retrospective study was conducted to assess TB prevalence among HIVinfected PWID referred to the AAU and to evaluate the diagnostic value of cough as a screening symptom. A single sputum sample was collected regardless of symptoms, and examined using smear, Xpertw MTB/ RIF and culture. R E S U LT S : Of 888 PWID, 71.5% submitted a sputum sample. More TB cases were detected using Xpert (n 1⁄4 25) than with smear (n 1⁄4 10) or culture (n 1⁄4 20). A TB prevalence of 6141 per 100 000 was estimated based on seven cases already identified as being on anti-tuberculosis treatment and 32 newly diagnosed bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. Both cough and smoking (710 pack-years) were associated with increased TB prevalence. Only half of the TB cases reported cough. Rifampicin resistance was reported among 10% (3/29) of newly identified cases. C O N C L U S I O N : TB prevalence in HIV-infected PWID was 15 times higher than in the general adult population. As a screening symptom, cough has low diagnostic value. K E Y W O R D S : PLHIV; Xpert; TB-HIV co-infection; symptom screening


The bureaucratic reputation literature stipulates that bureaucracies strategically aim to maximize reputational benefits and minimize reputational damages through targeted communication strategies. Departing from this assumption and using an extensive dataset on the media coverage of 54 legislative acts, we examine the conditions under which commissioners appear in the news and which communication strategies they pursue. Our analyses show that commissioners are more likely to appear in news coverage in the context of technically complex issues. We find that if a regulation is less politically conflictual, they are more likely to promote the commission's policy preferences, whereas they adopt a more passive style of communication in the face of political conflict. The findings further our understanding of regulatory policymaking by explaining bureaucratic behaviour through a communicational lens.


The scale of ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) deposited on the pipe wall was investigated in the present study. In the experimental work, the scale-forming solution was prepared by mixing equimolar solutions of FeCl2 and Na2CO3. Zeolite is used as an adsorbent because it has a crystal structure of alumina silica with cavities containing metal ions Fe2+. It was found that in all the experiments, the mass scale FeCO3 decreased with increased mass zeolite adsorbance addition. The mass scales obtained in the presence of 4000 mg zeolite was 14.2613 mg of FeCO3. Similarly provided 22.1642 mg of mass scale was found in the presence of 3000 mg zeolite. The increasing mass scale 34.2652 mg was also produced at 2000 mg zeolite. Clearly the zeolite adsorbation may be used to improve the scale produced. The conductivity decreased abruptly after a certain induction period. The induction time was observed in the FeCO3 system almost doubled in the presence of 2000 mg zeolite (28 min), tripled with 3000 mg zeolite (42 min). Moreover, the presence of 4000 mg zeolite (44 min) led to an induction time four times greater than that for in the absence of zeolite system (22 min). The optimum result of temperature was 44.6390C, zeolite was 3625.068 mg variables was obtained so that the optimum the mass scale FeCO3 was 14.46187 mg.


Stored Program Control System Central Office Equipment Reports (SPCS COER) is one of the earliest of the family of Operations Systems. Deployed on a centralized time-shared system, it produces engineering and administrative reports for Stored Program Central Office Equipment. This paper describes the user needs that motivated the design of SPCS COER. It traces the development of the system from a joint experiment of Bell Laboratories and the New York Telephone Company's Manhattan Engineering Department to the present system serving over 2800 electronic central offices from three centralized Amdahl V6 computers. We explain the functional system design from the user's point of view and outline the structure of the software, emphasizing the "tools" approach that is central to the development. The project management featured a research and development style, which we call the "whole-job" approach and discuss in some detail. Finally, we explore possible future directions for the project.


The trends of introducing and securing quality in education have imposed the need for emphasizing the values that the students acquire at school. We have decided to look this subject closely because students have always been the most obvious indicator for the teacher's success, the parents' success and the school's achievement as a whole. That is why we have started the research about the values which direct the students towards proper functioning and development of their personality. The future of our society depends on the student's values, acquired during their schooling. The lessons values in the educational process should be adequately adopted and nurtured. The children have a tremendous power of observing and their feelings are deeply rooted. They always observe their parents and teachers, who are a source of inspiration. Moreover, young people represent a great value to our society, and it is needed a lot of attention and encouragement for further met cognition. Therefore, the most important thing for students is to begin the process of acquiring values from an early age, which would be a solid foundation for their further development and living.


Abstract : It is common to describe the corrosion damage of structural metals and alloys in terms of the eight basic types of metal/alloy corrosion: general corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting attack, erosion corrosion, selective leaching, intergranular corrosion, and environmental assisted fracture. The latter, environmental assisted fracture, may be further divided into subheadings of stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen embrittlement. Of particular interest is hydrogen embrittlement because of the serious problems and/or catastrophic failures that may result from the involvement of structural materials such as titanium and titanium alloys with hydrogen. Previous investigators have shown that Ti-6Al-4V and indeed most conventional titanium alloys are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in hydrogen charging environments (22). Titanium aluminides, the materials studied in this report, are also believed to be subject to hydrogen embrittlement but preliminary studies show that the gamma based aluminides may be less prone to absorbing hydrogen at ambient and elevated temperatures than conventional Ti alloys (21). The major draw for use of these materials is the fact that they possess outstanding high-temperature strength, good creep behavior and low density. Possession of these characteristics has warranted their consideration for a wide range of applications from automotive turbo charger motors, pistons, and valve material to advanced aerospace applications involving temperatures up to 1045 deg C. Therefore, it is important to ascertain their hydrogen embrittlement behavior if hydrogen-related property damage is to be understood and, hopefully, controlled in these materials.


This is a centennial celebration. It brings together a multidisciplinary group to reflect on some of the remarkable biologic properties and disparate clinical uses of a fairly simple chemical formulation. During the first half of the century, our predecessors would not have imagined that the first day of an Aspirin festchrift would be devoted to the evaluation of the drug in the prevention of the consequences of vascular diseases. But then, none of our forefathers would have predicted the explosion of new knowledge that began in the third quarter of this 100 years, starting just at the close of World War II. A ferment of activity began that opened new horizons in the study of cerebral vascular disease. New concepts and technological advances emerged that are pertinent to today's symposium, including


Tron: Legacy, shot by Claudio Miranda, ASC, mixes 2-D and 3-D to update the environments of the 1982 sci-fi hit.


Many engineering systems are subject to persistent disturbances or dynamics that cause the process variables to drift. This dissertation studies the problem of how to control such systems in order to maximize the time or total yield before prescribed constraints are violated. This problem is referred to as drift counteraction optimal control (DCOC) since the controller may be viewed as counteracting drift in order to delay constraint violation. The first part of this dissertation focuses on deterministic DCOC problems, i.e., problems where the system behavior is described by a deterministic model. Conditions for the existence of a solution are derived and an optimal control strategy is characterized in terms of the value function. Moreover, properties of the first exit-time, i.e., the first time instant at which constraint violation occurs, and of the value function are studied, where both are shown to be upper semi-continuous (USC) with respect to the state variables under suitable conditions. New algorithms based on dynamic programming (DP), approximate dynamic programming (ADP), and model predictive control (MPC) are developed to obtain solutions or good-quality approximations of solutions. In terms of DP, an enhanced version of the value iteration (VI) algorithm is proposed that converges to the value function faster than conventional VI in a numerical setting. Based on the enhanced VI algorithm, an ADP approach is obtained to mitigate the curse of dimensionality. Another DP-based algorithm, referred to as base-trajectory VI, is proposed, which converges to the value function by gradually connecting pieces of an optimal control policy. A mixed-integer nonlinear program is derived that obtains open-loop solutions to deterministic DCOC problems and good-quality suboptimal solutions are obtained with a similar nonlinear program without


At present, the treatment of choice for congenital capillary malformations of the port‐wine stain type (PWS) is the flashlamp pulsed dye laser. Good results can be obtained in the majority of patients with this technique, but there is a group of poor responders. In the search for predictive tools to determine the therapeutic outcome, we have used a new photoelectric reflectance instrument.


In this paper, we consider a two-machine job-shop scheduling problem of minimizing total completion time subject to n jobs with two operations and equal processing times on each machine. This problem occurs e.g., as a single-track railway scheduling problem with three stations and constant travel times between any two adjacent stations. We present a polynomial dynamic programming algorithm of the complexity O ( n 5 ) and a heuristic procedure of the complexity O ( n 3 ) . This settles the complexity status of the problem under consideration which was open before and extends earlier work for the two-station single-track railway scheduling problem. We also present computational results of the comparison of both algorithms. For the 30,000 instances with up to 30 jobs considered, the average relative error of the heuristic is less than 1 % . In our tests, the practical running time of the dynamic programming algorithm was even bounded by O ( n 4 ) .


The most important and crucial activity to develop good quality software is software testing. The most important activity in software testing is to find optimal test suite in input domain to satisfy a certain test adequacy criteria. So to develop an efficient approach to generate test data is a prime issue in software testing. This paper proposes a novel approach to generate test data automatically for data flow testing based on hybrid adaptive PSO-GA algorithm. The hybrid APSO-GA is developed to conquer the weakness of GA and PSO algorithms, especially in data flow testing. A new fitness function is also designed on the basis of the concept of dominance relations, branch weight and branch distance to guide the search direction more efficiently. The efficiency of proposed approach is then tested on ten benchmark programs and four real world programs. The proposed approach is then compared with GA, PSO, ACO, DE and hybrid GA-PSO on the basis of two performance parameters, average number of generations and average coverage achieved. The results show that hybrid adaptive PSO-GA gives better results as compared to other algorithms that are used in the field of test data generation.


Visum et repertum as one of the legal evidence in court that plays a role in the process of proving a case, so that the crime that occurred is getting clearer, the visum et repertum made based on the results of the doctor's examination must be of good quality. Thus the function and role of the visum et repertum itself is fulfilled, but based on the research we conducted in July 2019 on the visum et repertum issued by Lubuk Pakam Hospital from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018 the quality was not good. Efforts to realize a good quality visum et repertum in our opinion need technical guidance in the form of lectures and questions and answers as well as training / workshops on making good visum et repertum techniques. The potential group to be trained are general practitioners who work in the Emergency Unit of Lubuk Pakam Hospital, Deli Serdang Regency, who are trained to increase their knowledge and skills in making good quality visum et repertum. The method of carrying out activities is the lecture and question and answer method, which is then followed by a good visa-making technique workshop with a period of every 2 months so that for 6 months the implementation is 3 times, then several visum evaluations will be carried out to see the progress of the quality of the visum et repertum issued by Lubuk Pakam Hospital after training.


The present invention relates to a walking aid robot for the elderly for wireless health monitoring for mobility assistance of the elderly who are inconvenient to move, the walking aid robot is a handle for grasping and supporting the elderly's gait and support, lifting handle for assisting the sitting clerk Device, ultrasonic range finder for detecting unexpected obstacles ahead, drive wheel and caster with motor for walking assistance, health monitor device, wireless sensor network device, embedded system equipped with WLAN The present invention provides a walking assistant robot for the elderly who can monitor the wireless health. Walking, auxiliary robot, load cell, walking will, the elderly, mobile robot


2045Background: Cancer care is changing rapidly with more detailed understanding of disease and more numerous therapeutic choices. As treatment choice is more complex, mechanisms to improve complia...


Abstract The goal of this study is to illustrate the relevance of an analysis of translation to the public communication of science from a gender perspective, with gender understood as a primary way of signifying power relationships between men and women. The article first offers an outline of a theoretical framework that allows us to approach the discourse of the public communication of science and the discourse of its translation as the outcome of activities involved in the production of scientific knowledge and as a crucial point in the interface between science and society. Translation constitutes an important factor in this context due to the globalized character of certain discursive practices. Discourses on the human body are understood here as constituting an important element in the ideological definitions of man and woman, and this study therefore interrogates a discursive mini-corpus on the question of sexual determination produced in the early years of this millennium. The author attempts to demonstrate how – by means of reworking and reincorporating textual material in discursive macrostructures that go beyond the relation between source and target text – translations are permeable to opposed ideological positions and are dependent on the context in which the translated discourses emerge.


Plant defense proteins (pathogenesis-related, or PR, proteins) have been implicated in allergenic reactions in humans. Grape PR-proteins are also known to be responsible for heat-induced haze and are susceptible to precipitation in the bottle. Changes in two defense proteins, a chitinase (CHV5) and a thaumatinlike (TL), were followed during the Champagne winemaking process, using Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir grape berries. Determination of chitinase activity indicated that the extraction yield of chitinases is at least 22% in the must with low pressing to make Champagne and that chitinase activity regularly diminishes during the winemaking process. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the must revealed that CHV5 and TL are the major proteins found in grape berries cv. Pinot noir. Using specific antibodies, changes in these two proteins during the Champagne winemaking process were followed. Western blotting indicated a regular disappearance of CHV5 and TL. TL did not seem to precipitate or hydrolyze but was absent in Champagne wine. CHV5 was likely fixed on the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (yeast lees) after alcoholic fermentation and on the cell wall of Oenococcus oeni bacteria after malolactic fermentation. Fragments of low molecular weight linked to CHV5 were observed, probably indicating that CHV5 had undergone proteolysis. This observation is in good agreement with the occurrence of an acid protease activity during the Champagne winemaking process.


Social exchange theory, as discussed in Chapter Four, posits that power is manifest in relations between people. It is the interdependence thus created that generates the possibility of exercising power. The more symmetrical these relations are the less likely that they will be perceived as one person exercising power over the other. The more asymmetrical they are, however, the more probable that the persons involved in these relations will subjectively perceive them in terms of power. As suggested already, relations between people can be formal or informal. The more formal they are, the more corporate their character is likely to be. What determines these relations, in other words, are the roles people play rather than their own personal attributes or character. For instance, relations of power in an organization are constituted by the hierarchy of positions contained in the organogram. A regulation or contractual agreement certifies who can tell whom what to do and who in the end has the ultimate responsibility for what is decided and done. The more informal these relations are, the more personal their nature. As previous chapters have indicated, relations between people in African society tend to be highly personalized. For instance, power relations are constituted by patrons linking up with clients. Furthermore, more symmetrical relations are also informally constituted in response to needs of individuals and households, for example, pooling labor or saving money in small groups.


AUTHOR Spreda, Sarah L.; Donnay, David A. C. TITLE Validating the Learning Environment Scale of the Strong Interest Inventory for Use with First Year College Students. PUB DATE 2000-08-00 NOTE 45p.; Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association (108th, Washington, DC, August 4-8, 2000). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Adjustment (to Environment); *Career Counseling; Career Planning; *College Freshmen; College Students; *Decision Making Skills; Educational Environment; Higher Education; Student Personnel Workers IDENTIFIERS Strong Interest Inventory; United States (Midwest)


Received: July 18, 2011. Revised: 1st, August 11, 2011; 2nd, August 13, 2011. Accepted: October 4, 2011. Corresponding author: Kum-Hee Chung, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, 351, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Korea. Tel: 82-31-780-1837, Fax: 82-31-701-9433, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com General anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with multiple sclerosis −A case report−


Many policies have been implemented on piecemeal approach over many years, further obscuring the cause effect relationship between policy and economic impact.As such it makes it extremely difficult to ascertain the extent of energy saving in implementing the formulated urban traffic plans.This paper examines ways and strategies to conserve energy
with regard to transport planning


The automated immunonephelometric assay (AINA) was compared with double immunodiffusion (DIDA) and single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) for the quantitation of differential protein clearance of proteins in sera and urine of patients with malignant paraproteinemia and with nephrotic syndrome. The correlation coefficient between the methods for all the proteins was high. The results indicate that the automated immunonephelometric assay is particularly suitable for differential protein clearance investigations and that the protein selectivity index may be also related to prognosis in patients with paraproteinemia.


By analyzing the problem of the Ship-to-Air missile guided coordinately by ship-borne helicopter and ship formation in intercepting low-altitude target Beyond Visual Range(BVR),we studied the low boundary of killing zone of ship-to-air missile guided coordinately by ship-borne helicopter and ship formation.Then,the killing zone of this coordinated guidance was compared with that of ship-by-ship coordinated guidance through simulation.The conclusions was that the ship-to-air coordinated guidance can effectively increase target course shortcut by 150% and increase the low boundary killing zone remarkably.It provides theoretic references for battle commanding decision-making of the warship formation.


ABSTRACT:Discourses on Shiʻi intellectual history have come to focus on the schism between rationalists and textualists (especially related to the Uṣūlī-Akhbārī dispute) as central to our understanding of the Shiʻi legal tradition. Scholars generally treat Shiʻi mysticism as a separate field of study. Therefore, scholars often overlook the convergences of Shiʻi mysticism, rationalism, and textualism. Hossein Modarressi's periodization of Shiʻi history, for example, only includes rationalist and textualist trends, while Henry Corbin primarily considers Shiʻi history through the lens of mystical illumination. This paper takes a more holistic approach by highlighting the interconnections between rationalist, textualist, and illuminationist trends. Building on the periodization of Shiʻi history established by Modarressi, Corbin, Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi, and others, the paper outlines a short history of Shiʻi thought, which includes each of the three sources of Shiʻi knowledge and authority: rationalism, textualism, and mysticism. Research for this paper is primarily based on the Arabic writings of Shiʻi scholars as well as Persian and Arabic biographical dictionaries.Although Shiʻi approaches to knowledge and authority developed into diverse socio-intellectual movements, the divisions between them are not as rigid as scholars often suggest. This paper pushes back, therefore, against dichotomies of Shiʻi thought along the neat lines of legalism and mysticism, esotericism and rationalism. Instead of reinforcing the divisions of Shiʻism into separate schools, I argue that the Shiʻi tradition of deriving knowledge and justifying clerical authority consists of a tripartite system rooted in the texts, reason, and mysticism. In other words, Shiʻi socio-intellectual activity was built on the foundational texts (Qur'an and ḥadīth), rational thought, and mystical experience (including intuition and dreams). As a result of a broad reading of Shiʻi thought and blending intellectual and cultural history, I maintain that scholarly appeals to the three sources are historically consistent. Although rationalists and textualists do not generally include mystical experience as a source of knowledge, they are often found to make mystical claims as a means to justify their authority. Following the examples of the Imāms, numerous Shiʻi scholars bolstered their authority through mystical claims, even if their systems of knowledge production were confined to the texts and reason.


This study concerns road traffic noise in Greater Cairo, the capital of Egypt, the largest city and the biggest 11th city in the world. Measurements taken in September and October 2001 for road traffic noise levels in Greater Cairo, indicates that noise levels in the city are higher than those set by Egyptian noise standards and policy to protect public health and welfare in residential areas, equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq)=80 dB and higher are recorded, while maximum permissible level is 65 dB. LAeq are measured, and tabulated for 23 locations spread over urban zones of city. It has been found out that 91.3% out of locations display during day their LAeq are over 65 dB, and 73.8% out of total number of locations their LAeq are over 70 dB. Results of curbs (restrictions) to improve environmental conditions found that, in absence of horns, LAeq decrease at all sites, maximum reductions range between 9.4 dB and 10.8 dB occurred in downtown area. Omitting buses give a further reduction in LAeq varying between 2.6 to 3.7 dB. In absence of horns, trucks and buses, reductions in LAeq range between 6.0 to 10.2 dB. This shows that the town planner can use various strategies to change the traffic composition in order to achieve quieter city environments.


An NIDS system based on SVM ,GA and Hierarchical Clustering is proposed.GA along with hierarchical clustering is used to provide fewer,efficient and abstraced instances of the KDD Cup 1999 dataset to SVM for further processing.GA is used to eliminate the unimportant feature and BIRCH hierarchical clustering is used to provide optimal instances of the data set to the SVM.Due to this optimal instances, SVM will be able to classify the network traffic data more accurately and precisely . This system try to reduce the detection time of r2l,u2r,probe and DoS atack and increase in the accuracy.


In this paper,the technological situation and research trend of algae biodiesel at home and abroad are introduced.It can be predicted that the technology of producing algae biodiesel by industrial equipments will make a significant breakthrough in several years to come,and the algae biodiesel industry will become a rising alternative energy industry.The algae biodiesel industrial research in China is almost at the same level as abroad.For the independent innovation,it's a new field that China should catch the opportunity.In the paper,an industrial development trend is proposed to solve the four important issues in algae biodiesel production which are:the design of photobioreactor,the culture and control system of algae,the corollary equipment manufacture and the cost of production.


Objective: The hypothesis of this study was that low mean blood pressure (LMBP) in stable extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants does not require treatment with either volume overload or vasopressors and left to right shunting via patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in these infants may be attributed to LMBP.

 Study design: Thirty-four ventilator dependent infants born at 24 to 28 week gestation, clinically stable with MBP less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age during the first 24 hours of life, were prospectively randomized into two groups. The treatment group received either intravenous fluid boluses or vasopressors (dopamine, dobutamine) determined by the neonatologist, and the control group received no treatment. Systolic, diastolic, and MBP were obtained by umbilical arterial catheter (UAC) during the study period. Diagnosis of PDA was confirmed with the use of two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging and Doppler color flow mapping.

 Results: Serial blood pressure measurements in the treated group were comparable to the control group. There were no significant differences between the initial MBP during the first 24 hours of life (23.7±2.7. vs. 24±3 torr), systolic (34.4±5.3 vs 35.2±3.4) and diastolic blood pressure, (17.2±2.9 vs. 17.9±27 torr) between the treatment and the control groups respectively. All infants (17) in the treatment group were given fluid boluses, four infants also received dopamine, and two of these 4 infants were also administered dobutamine. There were significant differences in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, before and after PDA treatment within each group on 4th and 7th days respectively (P<0.01) but not between the two groups. Six infants in the study group did not have PDA and their blood pressure continued to increase during the study period. Intraventricular hemorrhage was significantly higher in the treatment versus the control group respectively (P<0.03).

 Conclusion: The study suggests that low mean blood pressure in stable ELBW infants does not require treatment with either fluid boluses or vasopressors. PDA with left to right shunt may have been responsible for low MBP in 80% of this study population. Treatment and closure of PDA increased mean blood pressure which continued to increase during the first week of life. The use of Intravenous fluid boluses and vasopressors may potentially increase the risk for IVH.


Multi-gate transistors which are channel distortion is low parasitic resistance according to its production method. Good height of the channel side walls connecting the gate is a gate stack over the channel region of the semiconductor fin is H Doped fin regions by etching, the semiconductor fin, by removing the thickness approximately equal to H Exposed were grown material on a semiconductor substrate, forming a regrown source / drain fin region, filling the source / drain extension cavities, the length of the gate stack, the length of the channel it may extend away in a direction substantially parallel. .FIELD 1


Objective:To discuss the application value of microcolumn gel test (MGT) and Manual Polybrene Test (MPT) in cross matching for uraemia patients.Methods:Cross matching tests for 56 uraemia patients needed transfusion were performed by MGT and MPT.Results:In 258 cross matching tests for 56 uraemia patients, 2 cases(0.8%)of major incompatibility and 49(19.0%)of minor incompatibility were found by MGT; 2 cases(0.8%)of major incompatibility and 8(3.1%)of minor incompatibility were found by MPT. Among them, 49 cases of MGT minor incompatibility were all detected for positive by direct antiglobulin test (DAT).Conclusion:Uraemia patients might have irregular antibodies after long-term and frequent transfusions. Sensitized erythrocytes might increase the difficulty of cross matching test, so it might be helpful to understand the character of agglutination and elevate transfusion security using MGT and MPT. It might be of good assistance to use MPT when there is minor incompatibility of MGT in cross matching.


The invention discloses a bowl type medium-speed mill, which mainly comprises a milling bowl, a grinding roll device and a separator, wherein, the grinding roll device and the milling bowl are used for milling the materials; the milled materials are sent to the separator along with air flow for separation; and the materials with qualified granular dimension are transported out of the mill. Aiming at different properties of limestone, refinery coke, steel slag and other materials and coal, and different requirements to product fineness, the bowl type medium-speed mill can carry out milling by adopting a static and dynamic combined separator and has the advantages of better separation effect, long service life and convenient maintenance.


Sebastian Franck's 1534 publication Die Vier Kronbuchlein uses Erasmus' Moriae Encomium and Agrippa's De incertitudine et vanitatem scientiarum to launch a polemic against natural reason. He deploys commentary, marginalia and translation to recast the works of Erasmus and Agrippa in the image of his own inner word spriritualism, and denounce the false knowledge and wisdom of the scholarly world of his day. Set together with two short works by Franck, Die Vier Kronbuchlein throws in relief Franck's unique hermeneutic of the inner Word and the various ways dissent was practiced during the era of incipient confessionalization.


The growth of crystals from solution is greatly influenced by buoyancy driven convection. In a low-g environment, convection is greatly suppressed and diffusion becomes the predominant mechanism for thermal and mass transport. An experiment to grow TGS crystals by solution technique during the orbital Spacelab III mission has been designed. Crystals are grown by a new and unique technique of extracting heat from the crystal through a sting. The cooling at the sting tip is responsible for the desired supersaturation near the growing crystal. Calculations indicate that the cooled sting technique for solution crystal growth is necessary in low-g to maintain a maximum growth rate of 1 mm/day. Results of groundbased work in support of the flight experiment are discussed.


Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the Wave one reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Hyflex CM (coltene/whaledent inc, usa) and filled with the warm vertical compaction technique. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group (n = 20): no instrumentation (control group), instrumentation with WaveOne with obturation, instrumentation with Hyflex CM with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with single cone points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analysed using 1-way analysis of variance (P = .05). Results: The median fracture load was 415.74 N for the Waveone, median fracture load of 393.83N. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.08). Conclusions: Instrumentation with the WaveOne and Hyflex CM system showed highest fracture resistance strength of standardized roots with respect to cross-sectional diameter and weight.


We present new near-infrared (JHK) bispectrum speckle-interferometry monitoring of the carbon star IRC+10216 obtained between 1999 and 2001 with the SAO 6 m telescope. The J-, H-, and K-band resolutions are 50 mas, 56 mas, and 73 mas, respectively. The total sequence of K-band observations covers now 8 epochs from 1995 to 2001 and shows the dynamic evolution of the inner dust shell. The present observations show that the appearance of the dust shell has considerably changed compared to the epochs of 1995 to 1998. Four main components within a 0: 2 radius can be identified in the K-band images. The apparent separation of the two initially brightest components A and B increased from191 mas in 1995 to351 mas in 2001. Simultaneously, component B has been fading and almost disappeared in 2000 whereas the initially faint components C and D became brighter (relative to peak intensity). The changes of the images can be related to changes of the optical depth caused, for instance, by mass-loss variations or new dust condensation in the wind. Our recent two-dimensional radiative transfer model of IRC+10216 suggests that the observed relative motion of components A and B is not consistent with the outflow of gas and dust at the well-known terminal wind velocity of 15 km s 1 . The apparent motion with a deprojected velocity of 19 km s 1 on average and of recently 27 km s 1 appears to be caused by a displacement of the dust density peak due to dust evaporation in the optically thicker and hotter environment. The present monitoring, covering more than 3 pulsation periods, shows that the structural variations are not related to the stellar pulsation cycle in a simple way. This is consistent with the predictions of hydrodynamical models that enhanced dust formation takes place on a timescale of several pulsation periods. The timescale of the fading of component B can well be explained by the formation of new dust in the circumstellar envelope.


We have designed an optical separation device called dual-area mirror for the data link of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing. Experiments show that the OAM multiplexed beams can be switched by using dual-area mirrors, using OOK to modulate four channels separately to form two inputs, channel A and channel B. There are two OAM beams that are multiplexed in each of channel A and channel B, using a spatial light modulator (SLM) to convert the OAM multiplexed beams in each channel. One of the beams is converted into a Gaussian beam, and then separated by a dual-area mirror, so as to realize the switch of a beam carrying different data in the two channels. Then these channels are detected. The waveform indicates that the switch is successful, and the measured optical power indicates that the dual-area mirror can reduce the bit error rate in the communication links. In addition, the device reduces the experimental cost, is easy to implement, is easy to integrate, and increases the angle between the separated beams.


To research the influences of process parameters on the temperature field and thermal-stress during direct chill casting, some simplifications and assumptions were done according to the features of the technology applied in AZ31 magnesium alloy. The two dimensions model for across section geometry was developed. The governing equations of solification models based on heat conduction in an unsteady state and thermal-stress based on the elastic–plastic incremental theory were established. The boundary and initial conditions used for primary and secondary cooling were based on the heat transfer about the solidification of the billet. Simulations of temperature filed and thermal-stress of the billet in direct chill casting process have been done with ANSYS finite element analysis software. A series of researches on the temperature-stress distributions and phase changing zone under different process parameters (pouring temperature) were done. The results of thermal-stress field simulated gave us better understandings of the formation mechanism of hot cracks in billet and provided basis for the process parameters design in direct chill casting.


In this paper we present a couple of tools developed by the author on FreeBSD, and available from the author's Web page in source format. The first one, called dummynet, is a tool designed for the performance evaluation of network protocols and applications. Despite its original design goal, there has been a lot of interest on using dummynet as a bandwidth manager in network servers. dummynet simulates the effect of finite queues, bandwidth limitations, and queueing delays, and is embedded in the protocol stack of the host, allowing even complex experiments to be run on a single machine, using existing applications and protocol implementations.

The second tool is a software implementation of an erasure code especially suited for use in network protocols. Erasure codes are used in Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques to reduce or remove the need for retransmissions in presence of communiction errors. FEC has been rarely used in network protocols, because of the encoding/decoding overhead, and also because the underlying theory of error correcting codes is generally not well known to network researchers. In this paper we discuss the theory behind a simple erasure code, and provide performance data to show that the encoding/decoding overhead is acceptable for many applications even on low-end machines.


The orthogneiss of Diancang Mountain can be divided into 2 types, ie plagiogneiss and granogneiss. The former belongs to an island arc volcanic rock and was formed in early Proterozoic whereas the latter is a collision granite and formed in middle late Proterozoic, which are correlated in the main chemical composition. The granogneiss is formed by the anatexis of the earlier plagiogneiss and plagioclase amphibolite.


A diverse group of people - ranging from farmers, irrigation pundits, municipality personnel, media, a renowned community health and water expert, environmentalists and architects - got together at a Cherry Irrigation breakfast event recently to hear about a new water treatment system. Essentially a biological treatment system, the Clarus Fusion is from Clarus Environmental, a division of the Zoeller Pump Company.


This paper presents a modified structure for the first-order digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM) which yields the maximum sequence length ( ) for all constant digital inputs and for all initial conditions. Using this structure, MultistAge noise-SHaping (MASH) DDSMs are developed which, for a con- stant input, always have a sequence length of , regardless of the initial conditions and input value, where is the sequence length of each stage and is the number of the first-order stages used in the MASH. The performance is confirmed mathematically, by simulation, and experimentally. Index Terms—Digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM), dig- ital-to-analog converters (DACs), fractional- frequency syn- thesizer, maximum sequence length, multistage noise shaping (MASH).


Results of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus molecular genotyping for 115 phenylketonuria (PKU) patients and their family members from Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions of Western Siberia are presented. The direct exons and adjacent introns regions sequencing was used to identify PKU-associated mutations. Mutations typical for Europe (p.R158Q, p.R252W, p.P281L, IVS10-11G>A, p.R408W, IVS12+1G>A) and typical for South-Eastern Asia and Turkey (p.R261Q и p.R243Q) were identified as well as a bunch of rare mutations (IVS2+5G>A, p.R155H, p.Y168H, p.W187R, E221_D222>Efs, p.A342T, p.Y386C, IVS11+1G>C). The p.R408W mutation was prevailing. Mutations spectrum for Novosibirsk region appeared to be more diverse than one for Kemerovo region.