Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the needs of current information security systems and of the available technologies that constitute a basis for implementation of these systems in hardware. First, we present the term flexible security and we discuss, why the flexibility plays an important role in current information security systems. However, while reconfigurable logic devices represent a natural choice for flexible hardware security modules implementation, standard Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are not always suitable for such tasks. Therefore, we propose a new class of flexible security devices – Crypto-FPGAs, offering enhanced security features on different security levels. Finally, we present some examples of Crypto-FPGA architectures and we discuss main problems related to these architectures and their application. 1. INTRODUCTION Recent expansion of communication systems makes the information security more important. Implementation of cryptographic algorithms and other security tools in hardware increases the system security. It was believed that Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are the best choice for cryptographic systems implementation, because they are secure, robust and resistant to cryptographic attacks. However, because of the lack of their flexibility, and for economic reasons, Field Programmable Logic Devices (FPGAs) are sometimes preferable [1]. The best example confirming the need of the flexibility in information security is the history of the Data Encryption Standard (DES). An attack published in January 1999 needed only 22 hours and 15 minutes to break the cipher. The standard had to be modified (so-called Triple DES has been proposed) or replaced (new Advanced Encryption Standard – AES – has been adopted). Because hardwired cryptographic tools do not permit algorithm upgrade, the whole security modules should be exchanged. Nevertheless, this operation could be very long and expensive. For this reason, even in a very attractive banking sector, the new encryption standard is not widely used, yet. Paradoxically, the primary aim of the application of ASICs in cryptographic modules – the security – is thus not always attained. P. Davies has introduced in [1] the term flexible security - the feature that enables reconfiguration or upgrading of information security product or systems. Flexible security can be provided by the means of software, or hardware [2]. While for security reasons the hardware solutions are preferable, the application of FPGAs seems to be the best choice. However, it has been shown in [3], that current FPGA families are not suitable for cryptographic applications. Our aim was to analyze the needs of the flexible security and to propose a solution for this problem. The paper starts with an analysis of the needs of the flexibility in information security systems. Next, it deals with security aspects of the employment of FPGAs in security applications. Following these two analyses we define some security module operating scenarios and a new class of FPGAs, targeted for data security applications – Crypto-FPGAs. Finally, we propose and discuss internal structure of these devices on both macro-architecture and micro-architecture levels.


This is a presentation of explicit methods to construct higher local class field theory by using topological K-groups, explicit symbols and a generalization of Neukirch-Hazewinkel's axiomatic approaches. The existence theorem is discussed as well.


Correction: The p17 nonstructural protein of avian reovirus triggers autophagy enhancing virus replication via activation of phosphatase and tensin deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)/eIF2 signaling pathways. Pei I. Chi, Wei R. Huang, I. H. Lai, Ching Y. Cheng, and Hung J. Liu There was an error in Fig. 8, A (ARV/ C/LC3) and C (IP: C; IB: LC3-II). The images of Fig. 8, A (ARV/ C/LC3) and G (ARV/Rab7a/LC3-GFP) were duplicated. Similarly, in Fig. 8C, the blots of LC3-II were duplicated. These duplications occurred while rearranging Fig. 8 in the final version. This error was corrected by replacing with the correct images. This correction does not change the results or conclusions of this work.


ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the author's work of developing various impact testing equipment and equipment for simulating complex earthquake loading for structural research. The equipment include large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB), large-scale drop-weight testing equipment, field-test facility of truck collisions and multi-axes seismic loading equipment. Several types of building and bridge components were tested under axial or lateral impact loads, simulating vehicular impact actions, sudden collapse and blasts. For vehicular impact action, a procedure of establishing simulative equivalent vehicular frame is proposed, making the vehicular loading tests much easier. Fundamental tests on concrete cylinders and confined concrete cylinders under high-strain rate impacts were also carried using the large-diameter equipment. Large to full-scale reinforced concrete or steel structures were also studied experimentally, using the developed equipment.


Objective:To study the medicine for breast cancer resistance MCF7/ADM Mahonia reversal effect of MDR1.Methods:MTT assay cytotoxicity was applied to test Mahonia and efficiency to ADM;Rh123 fluorescence detection applications Mahonia resistant cells effects of the drug concentration, flow cytometry Mahonia impact of MDR1. Results:The concentration for the 10 mg/L and 20mg/L when MCF7/ADM inhibition was(0.218±0.081) and(0.20±0.033), which were significantly higher than(0.146±0.062) and(0.153±0.018) in control group; the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Groups were observed for MCF-7/S and suppress MCF7/ADM 's(0.204±0.076) and(51.08±0.63), which were significantly higher than the(0.075±0.032)and(36.55±0.53) in control group, and the difference was statistically significance(P0.05). Conclusions:GLM for breast cancer resistance MCF7/ADM reversed MDR1 inhibitor.


System and method for receiving a new digital record, and generates a digital certificate for assigning a sequence value. By applying the first deterministic function to the digital records are stored in the repository, the first composite digital value is generated. The first certificate comprises a sequence value and the first composite digital value. After adding the digital recorded in the repository, by applying a second deterministic function to the digital recording in the repository, the second composite digital value is generated. The second composite digital value and synthetic sequence value is published. Thus the second certificate to verify the authenticity and sequence value of the digital recording includes a spacing digital value based on the first and second composite digital value and the sequence value. .The 10


The recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Commissioners of Inland Revenue v Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Group Plc1 ('Deutsche Morgan') is a potential landmark for the law of unjust enrichment. The decision concerned the operation of section 32(1)(c) of the Limitation Act 1980. Leave to appeal has been granted by the House of Lords. There are two important issues at stake. The first is an understanding of the scope of s32(1)(c) of the Limitation Act which allows extension of limitation periods in cases where relief is sought from the consequences of a mistake. If (as this note advocates) the House of Lords rejects the Court of Appeal's approach to that section, the theory underlying the law of unjust enrichment might need to be


This paper presents an active bearing for reducing the radiated noise of rotating machinery. This modular bearing uses piezo stacks for actuation and both force and acceleration measurements as sensing signals. The bearing is tested on an experimental test bed comprising a rotating shaft, which is mounted in a frame. Noise is radiated by a plate that is attached to the frame. The set-up is designed such that in the frequency range of interest, up to 1 kHz, several plate resonances, frame resonances and the shaft resonance show up. To evaluate different control approaches, a simplified model of the setup was made. Based on the simulation results, a combination of feedback and repetitive controllers are implemented, using force are acceleration signals. This way, a noise reduction of more than 10 dB is achieved at the most important resonance frequencies of the system below 1 kHz. Experiments have also shown that the shaft vibration is significantly reduced around its resonance frequency, which is also beneficial with respect to fatigue and failure of the machine.


Organizational structures are mainly divided on mechanical or bureaucratic structures and organic or adaptable structures. Basic and additional organizational structures are recognized. The new organic shapes of organization have not to be mixed with exist organization structures as primary shapes of structures then new shapes give the new dimension to exist basic structures– organic ones. Influence of organizational factors is continual and different and need constant attention. Enterprises are exposed to continual process of changes and discontinuing phases of development. For these reasons factors of organization has to be studied because they determine the organizational structure.


Application of biosorption method to handle the heavy metals pollution shows very good characteristics,however,organic anion may affect activity of perssad related with adsorption in cell surface to change adsorption effect.Therefore,the experiment results about impact of organic anion on heavy metal cadmium and copper adsorption by spirulina showed that acetate and citrate are desorption materials.The desorption capacity to cadmium is stronger than copper by acetate,while the desorption capacity to copper is stronger than cadmium by citrate.


In developing countries a combination of traditional healing and modern medicine seems to be the most promising and appropriate solution to the existing health care problems. In India there are 3 major systems of indigenous medicine: ayurvedic the Hindu medical system; Unani the ancient Greek system of medicine brought to India by the Moslems; and the siddha system a specialized branch of ayurvedism. Folk practitioners are prevalent to the extent of almost 70/1000 population. It has been reported that about half of them would welcome instruction in Western medicine. At this time over 100 medical colleges in India are producing 12-13000 qualified conventional medical practitioners each year. The total number of conventional physicians in India is some 140000. Additionally there are some 160000 ayurvedic registered practitioners 25000 unani practitioners and 15000 siddha practitioners. There thus exists a considerable potential reservoir of health personnel for primary health care work. Ayurvedic medicine is based on the philosophy of balance and equilibrium being maintained within the body and treatment is through attention to drugs diet and exercise. Ayurvedic medicine stemmed from the earlier Yajur-Veda about 700 B.C. the mystic origins of Hindu medicine. In regard to education student entrance requirements are an intermediate science degree plus Sanskrit. The duration of the course is the same as for conventional medicine 4-1/2 years and it follows the same pattern of preclinical paraclinical and clinical stages of 1-1/2 years each. This is followed by a year of internship and the granting of a license to practice. Postgraduate courses are well established and recognized. The delivery system also parallels the conventional system with dispensaries primary health centers small district hospitals and teaching hospitals attached to villages. There is a degree of integration beginning at the primary health center level where of for example 3 doctors 1 is in ayurvedic practitioner. There is a clear attempt to equate coordinate and integrate both ayurvedic and conventional medicine by giving equality in education delivery and research. Another potential reservoir of health personnel is the village folk practitioner. They appear to be prevalent to about 1/100 or fewer villages and offer yet further scope for an extension of modern health care. Although the potential in numbers of these practitioners is great the problems of training them in modern techniques is somewhat more complicated since not all would want such training. Greater progress could be made if different systems of health care would increase their efforts to coordinate and even integrate their policies.


This study has been conducted using the Husserlian philosophical approach with Giorgi's psychological method (Giorgi 1985) Using this method eight midwives were interviewed to explore their lifeworld experiences of emotionally supporting women becoming mothers.
 The descriptions shared by the midwives of their experiences led to an understanding that emotional support is a special type of care. This care occurs in an intimate relationship between midwives and woman and nestles in a 'circle of care' including other professionals and the woman's family. Midwife's can be seen to be using themselves to support, guide and protect women at times of emotional turmoil. The metaphor of a coracle has been used to create a visual image of this care. The little round boat holding the woman safely above turbulent waters to facilitate a sense of comfort and inner peace.


1. Overview and perspective 2. Ionotropic glutamate receptors: general characteristics 3. AMPA receptors 4. Kainate receptors 5. NMDA receptors 6. Delta glutamate receptors 7. Metabotropic glutamate receptors 8. Glutamate transporters 9. Molecular organization of glutamate receptors in the postsynaptic density 10. Trafficking of glutamate receptors 11. Excitatory amino acid transmission and synaptic plasticity 12. Glutamate and glutamate receptors in neurological diseases


It was only in the 1900s that the Catholic Church began to concern itself systematically with the evangelisation of 'Nomads'. The pastoral strategies did not develop as a monolithic set of actions within the Catholic Church; rather, they varied in relation to specific events and showed considerable diversification. The article discusses this complexity and the interplay between different imageries about the Roma and Sinti and different evangelisation modalities. Eventually, it identifies three active lines which operated within the Catholic Church: the Church of 'projects' for integration, the Church that evangelises, and the Church that 'smells of sheep'. Each line built on different categorisations of Roma and Sinti and proposed different pastoral strategies. The article sums up the history of each line, their evolution and their 'evangelisation imagery' by evoking the actions of three pioneer priests who, as of the 1950s, started pastoral action among Roma and Sinti in Italy.


Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also known as methoxatin, is a new coenzyme discovered initially in methanobacteria. This small molecule has attracted the attention of many synthetic organic chemists. It is widely distributed in nature and has been found in common fruits, vegetables, milk and egg. Its deficiency in mice causes their slow development and results in fragile blood vessels. It is being considered as a new vitamin of the vitamin-B complex group and may have use in preventing heart attacks and strokes.


A workshop on "Emergency Research in Children: Ethical, Regulatory, and Clinical Challenges" was sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, and held on January 12 to 13, 2006, in Bethesda, MD. The purpose of the workshop was to identify issues and concerns with the conduct of research involving children under the emergency exception from informed consent (EFIC) allowed under United States Food and Drug Adiminstration (FDA) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regulations. Invited participants included investigators, ethicists, and local institutional review board (IRB) members. The workshop was not designed to achieve nor reach consensus among the workshop participants, nor was it intended to provide advice to any branch of the federal government. Federal officials were present at the meeting as observers and provided information on policies or regulations as needed. This report was prepared from the minutes of the meeting; however, it represents only the views of this author. The meeting was arranged as a focused discussion around five general topics: 1) subject eligibility; 2) study design; 3) consent; 4) communication; and 5) implementation. Following an introductory "Review of the Ethical and Regulatory History of the Current EFIC Regulation," each topic (and related questions) was afforded up to 2 hours of group discussion. Each topic included one or more questions to stimulate discussion. The following sections are arranged according to the five general topics, starting with the initial question(s), a summary of the discussion, and one or two concluding remarks by this author.


Suppose that [Formula: see text] is an odd prime and [Formula: see text] is a positive integer with [Formula: see text]. Then for any integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the least non-negative remainder of [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text]. This confirms a conjecture of Guo and Zeng.


Introduction There is increasing evidence that endothelial damage is involved in the pathogenesis of steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (refGVHD). Recently, serum soluble ST2 (suppressor of tumorigenicity,IL-33 receptor), an independent risk factor of cardiovascular death, has been identified as a risk factor of refractory GVHD. However, the pathomechanism of endothelial cell dysfunction which is associated with mortality from GVHD is yet poorly characterized. Renal transplant-associated microangiopathy (TMA) is another endothelial complication of alloSCT, and its association with severe GVHD and with biomarkers of endothelial damage (ST2, sCD141 (soluble thrombomodulin)), and endothelial function (VEGF) is investigated in this study. Methods Evidence for renal TMA was studied in a cohort of 508 patients who underwent alloSCT between 2002 and 2013 at our institution and who have provided informed consent for this observational study. Criteria to diagnose renal TMA included an otherwise unexplained 50% rise in creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (or a pre-existing LDH above 400 U/L), a 50% drop in platelet counts (or a pre-existing platelet count below 50/nl) and at least 4% schistocytes. Cytokines were measured in sera taken prior to alloSCT and on the indicated days thereafter and stored at minus 80C. ST2 and sTM were measured by Duo Set ELISA (R&D) whereas VEGF was quantified by the multiplex protein array technology (Luminex). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS19 and included a cumulative incidence analysis of cause-specific hazards and the non-parametrical median test of independent probes. Results Both renal TMA and refGVHD were rare complications after alloSCT but were significantly associated with each other (TMA only 18/508 (3.5%), refGVHD only 26/508 (5.1%), both 20/508 (3.9%), chi 2 0.000). Median time intervals from alloSCT to renal TMA and refGVHD were 1.93 (0.23-60.16) months and 1.23 (0.16-12.4) months respectively. In the overlap group, GVHD onset usually occurred before renal TMA (-0.69 months, -55.4 to 11.2) NRM rates were significantly increased in all three cohorts but approached 100% in patients with both complications ( Figure 1 ). Serum sTM levels as well as soluble ST2 levels increased between transplantation and day 100/day 200 after alloSCT in all cohorts, refGVHD, TMA and both. In contrast, VEGF levels (day 100) were significantly lower specifically in patients with TMA with or without refGVHD, but not in patients with refGVHD without TMA ( Table 1 ). Conclusions This study identifies renal TMA as an endothelial cell dysfunction associated with extremely high mortality rates in the context of GVHD. The absence or presence of renal TMA defines two separate subsets of refGVHD with a different prognosis. Biomarkers of endothelial damage or vulnerability, such as sTM, ST2, and VEGF can help to dissect TMA and refGVHD, and might be useful to identify and guide management of patients with endothelial dysfunction who are at high risk of fatal complications after alloSCT. Cytokines on days 100 (sTM and VEGF) or day 200 (ST2) in patients with renal TMA, refractory GVHD, or both Median (range) in pg/ml Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Investigative journalism originated in Western countries but the practice has spread throughout the world, including countries with different political and media environment. Current literature is dominated by Western perspectives, focusing mainly on the developed countries viewpoint. This study is exploring a controlled media environment, focusing on Eastern developing country. This research explores media practitioners' perception on challenges of practicing investigative journalism in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were used in this research. A total of 16 informants were interviewed. Data was examined using thematic analysis. It was found that Malaysian media practitioners acknowledged six outside challenges and eight inside the newsroom challenges. The study concludes that challenges in controlled media environment revolve around press freedom issue and inside the newsroom struggles due to different editorial orientation on the value of investigative journalism.


With the rapid upgrade of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) single-frequency (SF) receivers and the increasing market demand for low-cost hardware, SF precise point positioning (PPP) technology has been widely applied in the time and frequency field. The five-frequency signals provided by the whole constellation of Galileo bring more opportunities for the application of SF PPP in time and frequency transfer. In this contribution, using Galileo's multi-frequency observations, three SF PPP time and frequency transfer models, i.e., the un-combined (UC) model, the ionosphere-free-half (IFH) model, and the ionosphere-weighted constraints (IWCs) model are established. SF PPP time and frequency transfer performance with Galileo E1, E5a, E5b, E5, and E6 multi-frequency observations is evaluated using four links (947.7 km to 1331.6 km) with five external high-precision atomic clocks stations. The results show that the time and frequency transfer performance of SF-UC and SF-IWC is better than that of SF-IFH, and the timing accuracy of SF-UC and SF-IWC is similar. SF PPP time and transfer performance with E5, E5a, E5b, and E6 signals is improved compared with traditional E1 signal. Among them, the frequency stability of E5 improves the most (about 58%), and that of E6 improves the least (about 14%). In addition, the difference in frequency stability between SF and double-frequency (DF) PPP decreases gradually with an increase in average time, and the frequency stability difference between SF and DF PPP can reach 2 × 10−16 in 120,000 s, indicating that SF PPP has the potential to achieve DF PPP frequency stability. Considering the possible frequency data loss during actual observation, the cost of the GNSS SF receiver, and the advantages of Galileo multi-frequency observations, SF PPP can also meet the long-time time and frequency transfer requirements, and the SF-IWC model based on Galileo E5 observations is more recommended.


Objective Sleep disorders is common in Parkinson's disease(PD). By performing a questionnaire survey, we investigated the frequencies of sleep disorders and its relation with medications, mood and dyskinesia in PD patients compared with the age matched controls. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out on 102 non demented members of the Parkinson's NSW brain donor program, of whom 52 were patients with PD, the other 50 were age matched control. Reliability of information was validated by face to face interview in 9% of the cases, phone call in 27% of them. Results Our final subjects comprised of 38 patients with PD and 32 age matched controls living in community. Compared with control, more PD patients complained of daytime somnolence(45% vs 6%), restless legs(50% vs 19%) and abnormal movements during sleep(34% vs 0%), which generally occurred 3~5 years after diagnosis of PD and were independent of mood disorders or medication. Conclusions Our data confirmed that sleep disorders commonly occured 3~5 years after diagnosis of PD. L dopa therapy took no effect on such symptoms.


In this paper, we have reported a gas chromatographic method for the determination of non-ethanol volatile compounds like acetaldehyde, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2-propanol, diacetyl, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, 2,3-pentanedione, n-butyl acetate, isobutene, 1-butanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, acetoin, n-hexanol, acetic acid, and furfural in herbal formulation. The formulation was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes and distilled off. Volume of 0.8 μL of distillate containing 1-pentanol (internal standard) was injected in to column in a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. Hydrogen gas was used as carrier gas. The chromatographic conditions set were injector's temperature 230°C, column temperature initial 50°C for 2 minute hold and then temperature raised by 5°C per minute up to 220°C, detector's temperature 240°C, carrier flow 1.2 mL/min, and split ratio 1:30. The separation of all compounds was completed within 15 minutes. The validation of method was carried out in terms of linearity and range and accuracy. The average percent recovery was range from 95.93 to 103.55 % w/v. Thus, the proposed method is simple, rapid and accurate and therefore it is suitable for routine analysis of all herbal formulations.


Source location attracts more attentions in speech communication systems. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) based location methods are two kinds of source localization techniques. However, MUSIC requires a search of whole region of interest (ROI), which is supposed to be computationally expensive. For another, the location accuracy of second group is restricted by the sampling rate of microphones. This paper proposes a new location method which greatly reduce the calculation of steering vector of MUSIC using efficient TDOA preestimate, while still remain super resolution feature of spectral estimation method. Our simulation manifest that such algorithm is efficient both in anechoic chamber and in meeting room. Additionally, the reliable area derived by robust TDOA estimation method will partially improve the location performance of MUSIC algorithm under reverberant and noisy environment


Customer satisfaction is considered as an experience based assessment made by the customers of how far their expectations are fulfilled. Hence, the marketing strategies to deliver telecommunication services are so important because as soon as customers subscribe to a particular telecommunication provider, their long-term link with this provider is of greater importance to the success of the service provider. Main focus of this paper is study the customer satisfaction level in the Kolkata telecom circle.


【Abstract】The Collaborative Cross(CC)is a powerful genetic resource with a wide range of applicatiresearch. It is a multiparental genetic reference population,composed of 200 recombinant inbred mouse strains. designed to be a resource for rapid mapping of genes that mediate complex traits. The CC has been printense breeding program that had taken over ten years to complete. It is now becoming available to community. While advances in human genetic technologies over the last decade have been substantial,the CC provides tability to make discoveries not possible with other methods or resources. It can be applied to any smeasured or modelled in the mouse. Here,we discuss a range of applications for which the CC can be used,with examplestaken from the early characterization of this powerful resource.


In this paper, we propose a new statistical joint fre- quency synchronization and channel estimation for the MIMO- OFDM system. To estimate a channel and offset parameter which enters the observation function in a nonlinear manner, we propose a Gauss-Hermite filter which incorporates the parallel Kalman filters (KFs) conditioned on a chosen offset sample. To reduce its prohibitive complexity in the MIMO system, the Rao- Blackwellization is employed. In the proposed MIMO-OFDM system, the frequency synchronization and channel estimation are made iteratively using one training symbol in front of the packet.


A CURE ADHESIVE MOISTURE ABSORBER, GAS AND VAPOR PERMEABLE, conformable, PARTICULARLY AS SUITABLE TO USE ON SKIN PROTECTOR AND CONTOUR INTRAVENOSA an injection site. HEALING includes a thin, neckable conformable UNDERLAYMENT (12) A BARRIER SKIN MOISTURE ABSORBER MATERIAL HAVING A WET TACK AND SECA, and having an opening generally central site inspection (15) therethrough, and a layer THIN, tRANSPARENT conformable (13) formed of a polymer film vapor permeable GAS HAVING AN INTERIOR COATING WITH A vapor permeable layer and gas ADHESIVE pRESSURE SENSITIVITY (14) SECURING THE MOVIE TO HIGHER SURFACE BOTTOM LAYER AND SKIN PATIENT IN THE AREA DEFINED IN BREACH underlayer. AN ARRANGEMENT release sheets (16, 17) COVERS THE INTERIOR OF HEALING, TALES AND BENT BLADES FOR BEING MOLDED FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALING THE CONSUMER.


This paper presents the calculation of the effect of velocity spread in electron streams on the gain and efficiency in klystrons. Using the density-function method and assuming a half-Maxwellian velocity distribution, a small-signal theory of a klystron tube was developed. The form of the solution is a power series whose coefficients contain even powers of ω q/ω. The effect of losses in the cavity has also been included. The results are presented as plots of the ratios of the ac component of the bunched current with velocity spread vs a dimensionless parameter that is a measure of the velocity spread. The plots contain ωq/ω, the lengths of the drift tube and of the gaps as important design parameters.


Based on theory of structural stability,the solution procedure and principle of finite element method are introduced in brief under the analysis of structural stability.With the finite element analysis,the stability of the tower is studied by taking the cable-hoisting erection system of the Wujiang River Bridge in the Pengshui City as engineering background.Through multiple solution by iterative method,the critical load factors and buckling mode shapes of the tower are obtained under the most disadvantageous construction work condition,providing theories foundation for the construction control of that bridge.


Although interim assessments are currently promoted as a mechanism for improving teaching and student learning, we know little about how teachers use this data to modify instruction. This article presents findings from a larger study on teachers' use of interim assessment information in elementary mathematics. We address the following questions: (a) How do the Philadelphia teachers in our sample analyze benchmark assessment results, (b) how do they plan instruction based on these results, and (c) what are their reported instructional responses to such results? To answer these questions, we interviewed all 3rd- and 5th-grade teachers in five average- and above-average-performing elementary schools three times during the 2006–07 school year. We found that although the teachers in our study used interim assessment results to gain information about students' learning in mathematics, teachers did not use interim assessments to make sense of students' conceptual understanding. Furthermore, teachers' tendency to interpret student errors as procedural missteps was paralleled by a trend toward procedural instructional responses.


In this issue, we have a special feature on development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) in Asia. An introductory editorial by guest editors Andreas Neef and Jane Singer describes some of the existing conceptual frameworks in the field of DIDR and presents a new set of questions and concerns that are addressed by the five articles in the special feature. All five papers are indicative of an emerging trend in DIDR scholarship to employ more nuanced and multi-faceted approaches that expand the focus beyond specific case studies of displaced communities and individual livelihood outcomes. In addition to our special feature on development-induced displacement, we have several other articles which touch on crucial developmental and humanitarian issues.


Generation of diamond nuclei has been realized on a silicon mirror surface in plasma chemical vapor deposition. Prior to the normal diamond growth process, a predeposition process of several minutes duration was introduced in which a high methane fraction in the feed gas was used and in which a negative bias voltage was applied to the substrate. This resulted in an enormous enhancement of the generation of diamond nuclei. For the onset of diamond nucleation the minimum voltage was −70 V and the minimum methane fraction in the methane‐hydrogen feed gas was 5%. Density of a diamond nuclei as high as 1010/cm2 was attained with this method.


Recognizing the necessity of making students more aware of the usefulness of their mathematical knowledge and better able to apply it, an approach toward these goals encompassing four objectives was developed. The approach seeks to stimulate interest in mathematics by enabling the student to use his knowledge in a non‐trivial application while discovering for himself the ideas that gave rise to the concept employed. An example of how the approach was implemented is presented with an assessment of the results as measured by student reactions.


Human mobility knowledge is key for urban planning or mobility models design. Therefore, estimating reliable mobility parameters is crucial to lay an unbiased foundation. However, most works estimating such features rely on datasets made up of the history of mobile network cells where the user is located when she makes active use of the network, known as Call Data Records (CDRs), or every time the her device connects to a new cell, without taking into account cell changes not caused by movement. Could we accurately characterize human mobility with such datasets? In this work we consider three approaches to collect network-based mobility data, propose three filtering techniques to delete cell changes not caused by movement and compare mobility features extracted from the traces collected with each approach. The analysis unveils the need for a filtering step to avoid important biases, and the negative impact that using CDRs may have in estimating mobility parameters.


Based on the imaging methods and functions of BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD fMRI),the basic principles,experiment conditions,experiment design in the study of BOLD are introduced.Besides,the disadvantages,recent progress and prospects of BOLD fMRI are also reviewed.


Profitable commercialization of innovative technologies calls for goal-oriented Business Models. During the last years, Business Models have played a prominent role in the academic discussion but only a few publications looked on Business Model Management out of a technology-management-perspective and their relevance to bring innovative technologies to market. Therefore Fraunhofer IAO developed a holistic Method to develop technology-induced Business Models. The Fraunhofer House of Business Model Engineering (BME) can be used to create models that ensure innovations are successfully positioned in the market from an early stage in their development. BME includes a "TrendArena" and Smart Scouting as tools to find future trends. A process based function-semantics is used to transform technology via their specific function(s) into potential values for customers. The technology-driven BME process itself is based on multiple different levels. Goals, design options and opportunities for exploitation are identified on the strategy level, while the design of the model takes place on the process phases level. Relevant structural elements are defined in specific configuration and planning contexts. The model creation process is supported by specially developed IT-based methods.


Upon receiving a communication parameter from the communication apparatus provided in a communication parameter automatic setting processing, it is determined whether the number of characters in the communication parameter is a predetermined number, the communication parameters are including a predetermined character, or the communication parameter is in the specific region prohibit the use of communication parameters. According to the determination result, control is performed such that the communication parameter is not used.


One of the causes of the declining productivity of rice is sheath blight disease caused by the mold Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Control of sheath blight disease that is often done by the farmers is by using chemical pesticides (fungicides), which caused environmental problems. One way to reduce the use of pesticides is to biological control by using antagonist bacteria. This study aimed at in vitro test of rhizobacteria in preventing the development of sheath blight disease in rice plants. This research was conducted in the Phytopathology laboratory of Plant Protection Department of Faculty Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru from March to May 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with three groups consisting of eight types of rhizobacteria isolates: (r1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala), (r2) Bacillus megaterium (Hulu Sungai Tengah), (r3) Azotobacter sp. (Barito Kuala), (r4) Pseudomonas sp. (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r5) Flavobacterium sp. (Tanah Laut), (r6) Bacillus bodius (Barito Kuala), (r7) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r8) Necercia sp. (Tanah Laut). The results showed that all rhizobacteria have the ability to inhibit the development of R. solani with different percentages of inhibitions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala) was the most effective rhizobacteria in inhibiting the development of R. solani.


1 Background and objectives: Oleaceae family contains approximately 20 species of small trees and ancient world of the Mediterranean, North Africa, Southeast Asia, north to southern China, Scotland and East Australia have a wide dispersion. They are evergreen and have small leaves that are integrated have been met. Olive trees resistant to drought and adapt to poor soils and produce high-value, low-cost and economically very important. In the past, methods for cultivar identification was based on morphological characteristics of leaves, fruits and kernels, but except in specific cases identification using morphological traits alone are not enough. Due to complex identification of young olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) by morphological traits, advance molecular tools have provided a new prospect for DNA fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: For this study, sampling was done after receiving information from Horticulture Science Research Institute (HSRI) and Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI). Sampling was done from young and fresh shoot of trees. Approximately, 30 mg of young leaf were ground in liquid nitrogen and total DNA was isolated using the procedure described Core Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com


A strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans J1was isolated from acid mine leach water.Its morpha and growth conditionswere studied.Optimum growth conditions were temperature30℃ ,p H2 .0 ,50 m L medium in 2 50 m L flat- bottomed flasks,the quantity of inoculation is 1 0 % .


Thank you very much for reading dispute resolution negotiation mediation and other processes. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this dispute resolution negotiation mediation and other processes, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


The EQ-10 Electrodeless Z-pinchTM source uses Xenon plasma to produce 13.5 nm (±1% BW) radiation. The source is used for metrology, mask inspection, and resist development. In this talk we will present modeling of the EQ-10 Z-pinch using the Trac-II radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) code. Specifically, we use RMHD calculations to explore development of the Electrodeless Z-pinch as a source of Blue-X (6.x nm) radiation. Critical to this study are the nonLTE effects on radiation physics and the equation of state. For this we rely on the FLYCHK collisional-radiative model to determine the radiative power loss. We also use the FLYCHK calculated emissivity to estimate the Blue-X power output. We revisit previous experimental attempts at obtaining Blue-X EUV radiation with neon gas. Having established a baseline of performance on our present Z-pinch system, we use RMHD calculations to scale to higher outputs of potential interest to the EUV community.


The diverse group of "smart" piezoelectric materials is distinguished by their ability to react actively to changing stimuli as a result of converting mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa. Synthetic piezoelectric polymers, an integral part of the "smart" materials group, exhibit a type of behavior that is often compared with biological reactions involving transformations of the sensed information into the desired response. Due to such special qualities, piezoelectric polymers have been increasingly used in a rapidly expanding range of applications. At present, these materials continue to offer unprecedented design opportunities, leading to the belief that the industry is on the verge of major technological breakthroughs.

The diverse group of piezoelectric materials includes a variety of synthetic polymers such as polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate); semicrystalline polyamides such as nylon-11; and amorphous polymers such as vinyl acetate. However, piezoelectric effects in these materials are relatively weak, often unstable, and are considered of limited practical significance. Strong piezoelectricity has been observed only in the synthetic polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) and PVDF copolymers.

Keywords:

Overview;
Synthetic piezoelectric polymers;
Poly(vinylidene fluoride);
Electromechanical properties;
Nonlinear;
Time-dependent effects;
Applications


Natural plant extracts have been used for water purification for many centuries. Most of these was derived from seeds, leaves, bark or sap, roots and fruits of trees and plants. In this paper, using seed powder of Cassia fistula as natural coagulant, establishing their optimal dose through "jar tests" and determining the parameters of color, turbidity, total alkalinity and total hardness, using water from the "Canal del Dique". The optimal effective dose of coagulant is found between 15-25 mg/L, obtaining final values of turbidity and color of 6 NTU and 25 UC respectively. The pH values no major variations, as total alkalinity. The values of the parameters turbidity and color are located near the standards set by the Colombian standard to ensure the quality of water for human consumption, as well as the pH, total alkalinity and total hardness, demonstrating the potential use of this coagulant primary natural coagulant in water treatment.


carbonate) microfossils reveal volumes about geologic time, events, processes, and past climate. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has the capability to provide signifi cant scientifi c information based on microfossils that can be used to help resolve issues raised in many other disciplines. A source for pioneering investigations and new discoveries little recognized outside the fi eld, microfossils and the stories they tell lie preserved in the geologic record.


Whereas the main function of APN is to enhance insulin activity, it is also involved in modulating the macrophage phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that at physiological concentrations, APN activates Erk1/2 via the IKKβ‐p105/NF‐κΒ1‐Cot/tpl2 intracellular signal transduction cassette in macrophages. In peritoneal macrophages stimulated with APN, Cot/tpl2 influences the ability to phagocytose beads. However, Cot/tpl2 did not modulate the known capacity of APN to decrease lipid content in peritoneal macrophages in response to treatment with oxLDL or acLDL. A microarray analysis of gene‐expression profiles in BMDMs exposed to APN revealed that APN modulated the expression of ∼3300 genes; the most significantly affected biological functions were the inflammatory and the infectious disease responses. qRT‐PCR analysis of WT and Cot/tpl2 KO macrophages stimulated with APN for 0, 3, and 18 h revealed that Cot/tpl2 participated in the up‐regulation of APN target inflammatory mediators included in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway (KEGG ID 4060). In accordance with these data, macrophages stimulated with APN increased secretion of cytokines and chemokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐1α, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐6, and CCL2. Moreover, Cot/tpl2 also played an important role in the production of these inflammatory mediators upon stimulation of macrophages with APN. It has been reported that different types of signals that stimulate TLRs, IL‐1R, TNFR, FcγR, and proteinase‐activated receptor‐1 activate Cot/tpl2. Here, we demonstrate that APN is a new signal that activates the IKKβ‐p105/NF‐κΒ1‐Cot/tpl2‐MKK1/2‐Erk1/2 axis in macrophages. Furthermore, this signaling cassette modulates the biological functions triggered by APN in macrophages.


In the frame of studies dedicated to the use of pottery during the Neolithic, we have investigated an organic substance having most likely served to repair ceramics found at the site of "La Rouvière" (Rogues, Southern France) and dated to the Late Neolithic (ca. 3000 B.C.). GC-MS analysis of this substance led to its identification as birch bark tar, a material prepared by pyrolysis of birch bark and largely used as an adhesive since prehistoric times (e.g., Rageot et al., 2018; Courel et al., 2018). Along with the typical triterpenoid markers from the lupane series, four series of uncommon compounds were detected and which, based on MS interpretations, were postulated to correspond to acyl esters of lupa-2,20(29)-dien-28-ol (1, 2; numbers refer to structures in Fig. 1) and lup-2-en-28-ol (3, 4). Among these, fatty acyl esters of 1 have been previously reported by Dudd and Evershed (1999) from birch bark tar samples from Roman archaeological sites in Great Britain, but the identification remained tentative, based on MS interpretations and hydrolysis experiments. We report here the conclusive identification of the four series of compounds 1-4 using synthetic standards (1a-4a). Their origin as well as their significance with regard to the mode of preparation of the birch bark tar are discussed.


The study analyses the performance of three frequently used automatic optimization algorithms including Monte Carlo simulations, simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) for a multivariable calibration in a small glaciated catchment considering streamflow, snow cover area and glacier mass balance. The results are evaluated based on the objective function values achieved by the best 100 and best 10 parameter sets as well as by uncertainty widths regarding prediction and parameter uncertainties. The authors conclude that the genetic algorithm outperformed the two other methods as it achieved better solutions and narrower confidence intervals than the other two methods. The paper is generally structured. The problem of model calibration is within scope of HESS and the question of which search technique to select is a practical and relevant question that modelers have to decide upon.


14 p. transcript of an interview with George First Rider conducted by John Hellson on December 2, 1969. Tape number IH-AA.107, transcript disc 58.


Theresistance oforanges (Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck) andgrapefruit (Citrus paradisi Madf.) toethylene, 02,CO2,andH20masstransport wasinvestigated anatomically withscanning electron microscope and physiologically bygasexchange measurements atsteady state. The resistance ofuntreated fruit towater vapor isfarless thantoethylene, CO2and02.Waxing partially orcompletely plugs stomatal pores and forms anintermittent cracked layer overthesurface offruit, restricting transport ofethylene, 02, andC02, butnotofwater, whereas individual sealing offruit with high density polyethylene films reduces water transport by90%without substantially inhibiting gasexchange. Stomata ofharvested citrus fruits areessentially closed. However, ethylene, 02andCO2still diffuse mainly through theresidual stomatal opening wheretherelative transport resistance (approximately 6,000 seconds percentimeter) depends ontherelative diffusivity ofeachgasin air. Watermovespreferentially byadifferent pathway, probably through aliquid aqueous phase inthecuticle where waterconductance is60-fold greater. Other gases areconstrained fromusing this pathway because their diffusivity inliquid wateris10'-fold less thaninair.


This article fits into an approach of knowledge building for a topic that has been studied extensively, but where a clear state of play is missing. A literature review was conducted based on the Grounded Theory Method Review to propose a new reading grid of the last researches studying the antecedents of customer brand loyalty. A global framework of brand loyalty formation is then proposed, composed by 6 main antecedents: satisfaction, delight, brand identification, self-congruence, trust and brand attachment, classified in 3 main broad categories: the brand experience, brand equity, and brand relationship. Different concepts coming from different theoretical backgrounds are gathered thanks to this comprehensive and explanatory framework. Through these 3 main levers of actions, companies can build strategies that will improve the loyalty of their customers base.


Objective To assay the efficacy and toxicities of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in treatment of patients with local advanced rectal cancer. Methods Sixteen patients with local advance rectal cancer received preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The protocol was carried out in sequence of chemotherapy to radiotherapy to surgery. The treatment began with preoperative chemotherapy with folic acid (CF) 100mg i. v. followed by 5- fluorouracil (5 - FU) i. v. bolus of 300mg/m2 given two cycles on days 1-5 and on days 22-26 before irradiation. Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 45Gy, 1. 8Gy per fraction, 5 times a week. Surgery was done 4-6 weeks after this preoperative treatments. Results After preoperative chemoradiotherapy, ten patients in stage T got remission with a ratio of 62.50% , eight patients got remission with a ratio of 50.00% , clinical remission rate was 56.25% (9/16), the total effective rate was 68.75% (11/16). Sixteen patients (100%) underwent radical surgery. Fourteen patients got follow-up, no recurrence, no distant metastases, and no deaths had been observed. The function of external sphincter muscle of anus was normal in nine patients undergone anal sphincteroplasty. Conclusion Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is proved as a safe with a tolerable adverse effects. Shrinkage of the primary tumor and decrease in lymph node metastasis are observed after preoperative chemoradiothery regimen. An overall benefit of downstaging the tumor and greatly enhancing the efficacy of surgery is enjoyed by the patients.


ABSTRACT
This report gives a brief discussion on two folds: the process of making the documentary video about the Relics in Pariangan, in the writing report that focused on the three stages in making documentary video: preproduction, production and post-production. The second is, the product of a documentary video in MP4 1080 HD format. This documentary video has duration of 15 minutes 20 seconds. The purpose of making this documentary video is to give factual information about Relics in Pariangan that potentially promote it as tourism area. This project is also aimed to achieve the target to have the specific skills on broadcasting. In conducting this project, knowledge, team work, adequate equipment and solid team work are the points to make this project success.
Keywords: Broadcasting, Documentary Video, Procedures, Relics in Pariangan, Tourism industry.


Objectives: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase ( -GT) predicts incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. The present study examined whether -GT also is associated with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Methods and results: This study included 1152 participants (aged 30–70 years at baseline) of an in-patient rehabilitation programme after acute coronary syndrome, recruited in two rehabilitation clinics in Germany in the years 1999–2000 (KAROLA study). Until year 8 follow-up, 147 participants had experienced a non-fatal or fatal secondary cardiovascular disease event. Confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models revealed an increase in risk for secondary events over ascending -GT quartiles, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.21 (0.72–2.03), 1.32 (0.80–2.16) and 1.75 (1.08–2.83) for the 2nd, amma-glutamyltransferase


This article presents a novel way of distributed consensus filtering with enhanced robustness over wireless sensor networks, where bounded-power disturbances related to modeling uncertainty and white Gaussian noises are included. Sensors are assumed to receive local observations and transmit them to their neighbors through lossy links. A distributed consensus filtering scheme, consisting of an optimal filter, a separated damping term, and a consensus tuning parameter, is considered through exchanging prior estimates among neighboring nodes, to achieve the cohesiveness among local estimates together with robust optimal estimation performance. A sufficient and necessary condition is conducted for determining the consensus parameter, leading to a nonconservative design way. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the presented results, an experiment of target speed tracking is included.


The introduction of double-bundle Reed-Solomon (RS) error correcting codes in UK teletext is proposed. In order to implement this, one or two rows of parity-check bytes must be added. Single-bundle and double-bundle codes are defined. The performance of the UK teletext system is evaluated, when rows of parity-check bytes in the bundles are used and the computer simulations are described. A software written coder and decoder are described which have been tested in a laboratory environment. Results obtained from simulations and implementations are in good agreement with analytical results. The performance of the teletext system is found to be enhanced by the introduction of the RS codes. >


A request for correction of page 22 and 27 of the © Applicant: YEDA RESEARCH AND original specification has been filed pursuant to DEVELOPMENT LTD. Rule 88 EPC. A decision on the request will be P.O. Box 95 taken during the proceedings before the Rehovot(lL) Examining Division (Guidelines for Examination in the EPO, A-V, 2.2). @ Inventor: Novick, Daniela 40 Hanasi Harishon Street The applicant has subsequently filed a sequence Rehovot(IL) listing and declared, that it includes no new Inventor: Chen, Louis matter. 52 Tagor Street Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv(IL) © Priority: 01.06.89 IL 90488 Inventor: Engelmann, Hartmut 26.11.89 IL 92444 Joseph-Lutz-Weg 35 D-8000 Munich 70(DE) © Date of publication of application: Inventor: Revel, Michel 27.02.91 Bulletin 91/09 Bet Brasil 5, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot(IL) ® Designated Contracting States: Inventor: Rubinstein, Menachem CH DE FR GB IT LI 16 Hatomer Street Givat Shmuel(IL) Inventor: Wallach, David 25 Borochov Street Rehovot(IL)


This book shows how games can be used as a motivating and effective way of teaching mathematics. It is an invaluable resource containing nearly 200 ideas for games for use in primary and secondary schools. All the games are referenced to the mathematics national curriculum of England and Wales. The book considers ways of categorising games and suggests ways in which games can be invented or adapted to fulfil a particular function. The emphasis is on games which develop mathematical thinking and are easy to use. There are 32 photocopy masters which provide boards and score sheets.


A papermaking machine belt, high molecular weight elastic material by powder contained in the section is formed on a substrate, free form minute projections and depressions in the shoe-contacting surface of the belt. The surface roughness Rz of the shoe-contacting surface is between 50 and 500 microns; particle diameter of the powdery material is between 5 to 500 microns; content of the powdery material in the high molecular weight elastic section by weight to 5% 50% between. Lubricants may reside in minute projections and recesses, so a larger amount of lubricant may be supplied between the belt and matching shoe. Friction between the results, and with the shoe is reduced, the energy required to drive the papermaking machine is also reduced.


Neurofilaments (NFs) associate with each other and with other cytoskeletal elements to form a lattice that supports the mature axon. Phosphorylation contributes to formation of this stationary population of NFs by fostering cation‐dependent interactions among NF sidearms. Association of NFs with the stationary phase indirectly competes with NF axonal transport by withdrawing NFs from kinesin‐dependent motility along microtubules. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of anterograde NF transport may increase incorporation into the stationary phase. To test this hypothesis, we treated differentiated NB2a/d1 cells expressing GFP‐tagged NF subunits with monastrol, a specific inhibitor of kinesin‐5. Monastrol significantly inhibited anterograde axonal transport of NF‐H but not NF‐M, and increased the incorporation of newly‐transported NF subunits into axonal NF bundles. These findings support the notion that NF transport and bundling exert opposing forces on axonal NF dynamics, and that inhibition of anterograde transport of NFs can increase their incorporation into the stationary phase. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc


Whien finger cases were dressed care was taken to vlove. the various joints passively before reapplying the dressing. Joints tend to get very stiff under overlying burns, and dangerously so if left unmoved for any length of time. The patient holds his \L1/ -w burnt hands and wrists in a position of flexion of the wrist with extension of the fingers. Any tendency to wrist-drop was countered by the application of a light splint (for example, poroplastic) to the palmar surface of the limb. Only tlie treatment that FIG. 4.-The dressing complete. was actually employed in the series lhas been detailed. Por ordinary septic wounds, particularly where there is a cavity, I consider tllat eusol solution is deservedly popuilar; for septic burns, however, I prefer the lhot boracic fornentatioius. Lists of the cases treated in my wards are attached. I am indebted to Surgeon Glover for the plhotographs from wllich the drawings have been made.


The foundation of the study of computer security vulnerability includes the classification of security vulnerability and the design of vulnerability database. The security vulnerability classifying system is studied and a standard vulnerability database is designed and then realized on the basis of CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). Besides these, the relevant updating software is developed and applied in some fields of information security system, such as Web searching system and active defence system, and has good effects on the practical application.


PURPOSE: To save cleaning solution by measuring the degree of spoilage a printer indirectly based on the contamination of cleaning liquid, thereby shortening the cleaning process. CONSTITUTION: A transparent tube 1 guides a contaminated cleaning solution, and a light from a white light source 2 passed through a color filter 3 transmits the contaminated cleaning solution. The color filter 3 has a complementary color, e.g. red, greed and blue, corresponding to the printing ink and transmits the light of respective colors. When the cleaning solution is contaminated with ink of cyan, megenta or yellow, a light of red, green or blue is absorbed in the tube 1. An optical sensor 5 is calibrated by passing a clean cleaning solution through the tube 1. Degree of spoilage is determined, based on the ratio of a value obtained for the clean cleaning solution to a value obtained for contaminated water. A cleaning process is represented by an exponential function or a similar functions, and the degree of spoilage is plotted with respect to the number of cleaning steps. When two points of the function have been determined, a required function can be fitted, and the number of times for settling the cleanliness can be predicted.


Health Expectations is committed to publishing original research related to the concept of patient and public involvement in health care and health policy. Its international focus draws submissions that address this issue from array of perspectives: cultural, methodological and conceptual. This issue of HEX includes papers from the UK, Australia, the United States, China and Turkey. Each addresses the broad area of public involvement in health care in a different way. A theme running through several of the manuscripts in this issue of HEX relates to the importance of understanding the process of involving patients in their own care. In 2001, the Institute of Medicine first identified patient-centred care as one of the key elements of high-quality health care. Since then, the field has struggled to identify exactly what constitutes 'patient-centred care'. Yet there has been consensus that achieving patient-centred care requires that patients be involved. The papers in this issue of HEX contribute to our understanding of how the process, and not just the outcome, of patient involvement in care is important for ensuring patient-centred care. In their scoping review, Conklin and colleagues sought to evaluate the extent of peerreviewed evidence for the impact of public involvement in health care and health policy. Finding 19 articles to be eligible for this review, the authors concluded that the evidence for the outcomes of involving the public in health care/health policy remains limited. This review underscores the need for further work to understand how involving the public in health care translates into outcomes for health care and health policy. These authors further contend, however, that focusing only on outcomes may obviate the potential benefit of involving the public in health care simply because this is a positive thing to do. In other words, regardless of whether not involving the public in health care translates to measureable positive outcomes, patients and the public may still benefit from the process of being involved in their own care. This contention is supported by another manuscript in this issue from Rathert and colleagues who assessed results from patients staying overnight at 142 U.S. hospitals to determine patient perceptions of a conceptual model of patient-centred care. The authors found strong support for their theoretical model, and that patient-reported positive experiences with care coordination and physical comfort were strongly associated with more positive ratings of patient-centred care. Although this study did not directly assess the outcomes of patient experiences with, or involvement in, their health care, it lends credence to the assertion that there is benefit to simply involving patients in the process of their care experience. An interesting approach to evaluating the process of patient engagement in health care was undertaken by Wolff and colleagues who observed the primary care visits of 78 patients who were accompanied by a family member. These authors concluded that companions facilitated more patient engagement in visits, through increasing patient question asking, decreasing patient passive agreement and extending the length of the visit. They suggest


We were interested to read the paper by van Wijk et al. The authors aimed to assess the reproducibility and validity of a continuous pain-rating procedure resulting to participants having produced reliable mean area under the curve (AUC; van Wijk et al., 2013). These results do not reflect reliability and validity analysis of a test and is a common mistake in reliability analysis (Jeckel et al., 2007; Szklo and Nieto, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008). I found the manuscript title of van Wijk et al. misleading. As the authors point out in their conclusion, a continuous pain registration procedure, using an AUC approach, may be a promising direction to explore. The common practice is to employ a model with a dichotomous outcome using logistic regression to present AUC for assessing diagnostic accuracy of a model (Jeckel et al., 2007; Szklo and Nieto, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio positive (LR+: true positive/false positive) and likelihood ratio negative (LR-: false negative/true negative) as well as odds ratio (true results/false results – preferably more than 50) are among the tests to evaluate the validity (accuracy) of a single test compared to a gold standard. However, for a qualitative model (dichotomous), AUCs can be reported (Jeckel et al., 2007; Szklo and Nieto, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008). The AUCs for models may be comparable with LR+ for a test because both of them actually use sensitivity and 1 specificity; however, in LR+, they are divided, and in the receiver operative curve, we should plot sensitivity to 1 specificity. Reliability and validity are two completely different methodological issues in research. Reliability (repeatability or reproducibility) is being assessed by different statistical tests, such as Pearson's R, least square and paired t-test, all of which are among the common mistakes in reliability analysis (Lin, 1989). Briefly, for quantitative variable, intraclass correlation coefficient agreement should be applied, which is a different issue with consistency, and for qualitative variables, weighed kappa should be used with caution because kappa has its own limitation too (Jeckel et al., 2007; Szklo and Nieto, 2007; Rothman et al., 2008). As a take home message, for reliability and validity analysis, appropriate tests should be applied.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: The purpose of this study is to show and analyze the partial effect of investment decisions, funding decisions, dividend policies and profitability on firm value. The purpose of this research is also to provide investment ideas to investors. The population of this study is 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange respectively in the 2018-2020 period to calculate the LQ45 index. The sample was selected using a targeted sampling technique and 23 companies did not meet the predetermined criteria and were therefore excluded from the sample. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that investment decisions have a significant positive effect on value, funding decisions have a significant positive effect on firm value, dividend policy has a significant positive effect on firm value, and profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.925 indicates that variables such as investment decisions, funding decisions, dividend policies and profitability can explain 92.5% of changes in firm value variables, while the remaining 7.3% is influenced by other variables outside the study.


We consider cumulative merging percolation (CMP), a long-range percolation process describing the iterative merging of clusters in networks, depending on their mass and mutual distance. For a specific class of CMP processes, which represents a generalization of degree-ordered percolation, we derive a scaling solution on uncorrelated complex networks, unveiling the existence of diverse mechanisms leading to the formation of a percolating cluster. The scaling solution accurately reproduces universal properties of the transition. This finding is used to infer the critical properties of the susceptible-infected-susceptible model for epidemics in infinite and finite power-law distributed networks. Here, discrepancies between analytical approaches and numerical results regarding the finite-size scaling of the epidemic threshold are a crucial open issue in the literature. We find that the scaling exponent assumes a nontrivial value during a long preasymptotic regime. We calculate this value, finding good agreement with numerical evidence. We also show that the crossover to the true asymptotic regime occurs for sizes much beyond currently feasible simulations. Our findings allow us to rationalize and reconcile all previously published results (both analytical and numerical), thus ending a long-standing debate.


Through using the documents,questionnaire,statistics and logical analysis,this article studies some problems ex isted in operation and management of stadiums in Henan province,and proposes some blazing new trails modes of fitting with the socialism market economic system aimed to provide theoretic references for deepening reform of stadiums in Henan province.


A silver-mediated oxidative coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with fluoroform-derived AgCF 3 using K 2 S 2 O 8 as oxidant was developed. This reaction provides a new route to trifluoromethylated arenes.


This paper presents the "fastfashion" model, its historical development, and its prospects. Fast fashion departs from traditional norms of designer-led fashion seasons, using instead designers who adapt their creations to customer demands on an ongoing basis. From its origins in Galicia, Spain, in the 1960s fast fashion changed the fashion industry. With annual sales of $8 billion in 2005, Inditex, the leading practitioner of fast fashion, is now the second-largest fashion company in the world and operates over 2,700 stores in over sixty countries. As Inditex grows, many other fashion companies are copying its unique business model.


The invention discloses a border district configuration control method in a mobile communicating network, comprising that: a net element management system exchanges the managed border district information with other net element management system through interfaces between the net element management systems, and negotiates configuration control of the managed border district with the net element management system of transmitting the border district information according to the received district information. According to the invention, it is avoided that EMS is required to report to performancestatistics data of each border district to NMS in prior art, then NMS completes the analysis of all related border district performance statistics data, and sends down more complex regulating and controlling process of configuration control project of each border district, which not only relieves working load of upper layer NMS, but also markedly advances optimizing configuration speed of the district, thereby causing the mobile communicating network to better respond sudden event, advancing service quality.


: A simple, sensitive, rapid and precise method was developed using voltammetric techniques namely; cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry for the determination of Tromantadine Hydrochloride (TH) at three different working electrodes namely; glassy carbon (GCE), carbon paste (CPE) and pencil graphite (PGE) electrodes. Firstly, we began with cyclic voltammetric analyses to optimize the voltammetric conditions. TH cyclic voltammogram revealed a well-defined irreversible anodic peak at about 0.751 V, 0.692 V and 0.784 V at GCE, CPE and PGE, respectively. The oxidation process was shown to be irreversible diffusion-controlled for GCE and PGE and adsorptive stripping for CPE. Based on this study, a sensitive quantitative method is recommended for the determination of TH as a pure raw material and in its pharmaceutical formula. The proposed method is validated and compared with the results obtained from the reported valid method. It revealed good accuracy and reproducible results.


Attempts to increase public participation in heritage related activities have had mixed success. Tourism to heritage sites remains an overt activity that many engage in, but other heritage related activities, such as nominating objects for formal heritage listing, are much rarer. Through a series of qualitative research activities, we examine the public perceptions of what constitutes "heritage" and "heritage - related" behaviours, in order to examine barriers to greater involvement. The findings are that heritage is important to many people, particularly on a personal level. Although initially uncertain about the validity of their views, our respondents defined heritage broadly, believing it to encompass a wide range of objects, places and experiences. Most respondents were undertaking the type of heritage-related behaviours that heritage managers would encourage, however the respondents did not recognise them as being heritage-related. Barriers to greater involvement include this uncertainty over the definition of heritage and a lack of confidence in their ability to effectively recognise and protect heritage. In addition to feeling uncertain about the heritage significance of their own actions and beliefs, the respondents felt even more uncertain about prescribing things of "national heritage value". This uncertainty stifles discussion and action. The solution appears to lay in celebrations of both individual and national heritage, to foster discussions and understanding of communalities across different cultural groups within the nation.


To kernelize an algorithm,there are two key points.That is,whether the algorithm can be kernelized and how to kernelize the algorithm if it can be kernelized.Generally it needs many mathematic skills to determine whether an algorithm can be kernelized.This paper provides a new determining condition for kernelization of algorithms.It has the advantage that it is not limited by the specific form of the algorithm.Traditional kernelizing methods are obtained through mapping the input data to the feature space and then running the algorithm in the feature space.This paper introduces another kernelizing method.The kernelizing method is equivalent to traditional kernelizing method through analysis and experiment.


HiPERCAM is a quintuple-beam imager that saw first light on the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) in October 2017 and on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) in February 2018. The instrument uses re- imaging optics and 4 dichroic beamsplitters to record ugriz (300–1000 nm) images simultaneously on its five CCD cameras. The detectors in HiPERCAM are frame-transfer devices cooled thermo-electrically to 90°C, thereby allowing both long-exposure, deep imaging of faint targets, as well as high-speed (over 1000 windowed frames per second) imaging of rapidly varying targets. In this paper, we report on the as-built design of HiPERCAM, its first-light performance on the GTC, and some of the planned future enhancements.


Palaeoproductivitity is defined as the rate of energy absorbed by organism during the course of circulation of energy, that is, the quantity of organic matter per unit time and per unit area. The method of calculating palaeoproductivity in the ocean was studied by Muller and Suess(1979) and the formula: R=C× ρ s×(1 Φ)/(0.0030×S 0.30 ) was obtained. This formula is deduced on the basis of surface sediments from Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Baltic Sea regions, and the majority of its sedimentary organic matter is of marine origin. Therefore, this formula can only be used for sea regions where the nonmarine organic matters are basically absent. In our country most Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins containing oil and gas are nonmarine lakes. The organism transported to the lakes from the land occupies a large proportion. It has obvious difference from the organism deposited in ocean. Consequently, the relation (formula) between palaeoproductivity and organic carbon in the nonmarine lakes should be rededuced. Based on the method of calculating palaeoproductivity in the ocean and using related sedimentological and biological data of modern nonmarine downfaulted basins in Yunnan Province, we obtained a formula for calculating palaeoproductivity using the method of organic carbon in the lake: R=C×ρ s×(1 Φ )/(0.00421×S 0.0826 ). Furthermore, we compared the palaeoproductivity values calculated by this formula with those calculated by the ocean formula for the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation of the Jiyang Depression, Shadong Province. The results show that the productivity of the lakes is much higher than that of the ocean. This new formula is of significance in quantitative calculation of palaeoproductivity for the Cenozoic lakes, such as the Bohai Bay Basin which is a downfaulted basin.


We study observational constraints on the non-metricity f(Q)-gravity which reproduces an exact ΛCDM background expansion history while modifying the evolution of linear perturbations. To this purpose we use Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), redshift-space distortions (RSD), supernovae type Ia (SNIa), galaxy clustering (GC) and weak gravitational lensing (WL) measurements. We set stringent constraints on the parameter of the model controlling the modifications to the gravitational interaction at linear perturbation level. We find the model to be statistically preferred by data over the ΛCDM according to the χ and deviance information criterion statistics for the combination with CMB, BAO, RSD and SNIa. This is mostly associated to a better fit to the low-` tail of CMB temperature anisotropies.


Turn Backward, O Time: The Civil War Diary of Amanda Shelton By Kathleen S. Hanson (Roseville, MN: Edinborough Press, 2006) (160 pages; $14.95 paper) Amanda Shelton is one of the many courageous and exceptional women usually grouped among "background" figures mentioned in the accounts of women who provided nursing care in the Civil War. Kathleen S. Hanson's book, Turn Backward O Time, presents Shelton's personal diary, which chronicles her experiences as a Civil War diet nurse for the Christian Commission and other work from 1864 to 1866. As a twenty-one-year-old woman, Shelton, along with thousands of other women, volunteered her services, motivated in part by patriotic zeal and religious principles, to ease the sufferings of the sick and wounded Union Army soldiers. Shelton left her home in Iowa to become a "diet nurse," a new concept for the treatment of ill and wounded soldiers. Stationed primarily in the Tennessee area, she oversaw the preparation of the special foods tequired by the physicians for die hospitalized soldiers. Her diary chronicles the day-to-day activities of the diet kitchen, her struggles with the physicians who viewed this work as unnecessary and saw the diet kitchen and nurses as a threat to their authority, and her observations of the surrounding area and the people she met in differing circumstances. Juxtaposed in her writings are her impressions of the sights and smells of war: "The wounds smelled so bad that I almost vomited" (p. 74). Shelton followed in the same date entry with a description of the surrounding area: "Three of us walked up to the top of Lookout today. Birds hopped among the branches and sang as gleefully as though there were neither sin nor war in this beautiful wicked world" (pp. 74-75). Throughout her diary, she intersperses her private thoughts with reflections on God, using Bible phrases and hymn verses to bring a sense of understanding and acceptance to the scenes she witnessed. Shelton's diet nurse experiences lasted only eighteen months, when she was removed by her mentot, Anne Wittenmeyer, from her hospital in Nashville fot attending dances at the hospital where she worked - considered unseemly behavior in a nurse, compounded by her attendance in the company of a married man, the physician in charge of the hospital. Only alluded to in Shelton's entry, further explanation of these incidents is contained in letters at the end of the book by the physician involved and by Wittenmeyer. …


The acoustic response of a bubble‐laden wake can be predicted theoretically from knowledge of the bubble content. The inverse—surmising the bubble content from the acoustic response—can be accomplished also, albeit crudely. Studies indicate that the size of the bubbles formed by gas ejection from an orifice into a flow, depends on the ratio of the gas flow velocity to the water flow velocity [E. Silberman, 5th Midwestern Conference on Fluid Mechanics, (1957), and N. Hughes et al., unpublished data, NOSC (1978)]. The variation of the acoustic response of a bubbly wake exhausted from a moving vehicle was studied as a function of the rate of flow of gas and as a function of time (an indication of the rate of rise and dissolution of the bubbles). Full scale sea tests were conducted by echo‐ranging on the gaseous wake at frequencies between 20–80 kHz. Results indicate that the acoustic response of the wake is a function of the amount of gas contained therein and the wake age. [Work sponsored by NAVSEA 033.]


This article clarifies the outcome of the Copenhagen climate conference from the perspective of a government delegate. Access behind closed doors reveals the full extent of the damage. The failure at Copenhagen was worse than our worstcase scenario but should not obscure a bigger and brighter picture. Aggregate climate governance is in healthy condition that contrasts with the plight of multilateral climate governance. While the multilateral UN process is damaged, multilevel governance comprising regional, national and local climate policies worldwide is steadily gaining speed. The challenge to the academic community is to develop a composite measure of multilevel governance that captures aggregate public and nonstate policy initiatives at various levels.


"Picturing the Bible" explores the vast tradition of Christian art at its very beginnings in the third century A.D., just as Christianity was emerging from its outlawed, clandestine status to become the state religion of the Roman Empire. What images did these Christians use to express their faith openly? Were they the first believers to part with Mosaic law by creating 'graven images'? What Jewish and pagan sources, if any, did they look to for inspiration? When did they begin to depict the life of Jesus? This beautifully illustrated book takes up such questions, revealing the story of how Christian art began through insights from recent discoveries. Leading experts explore topics ranging from Jewish art in the Graeco-Roman period and the influence of Constantine, to the development of church decoration and the meaning of illustrated Bibles.Throughout we see the distinctive pictorial selection of Early Christians, who at first depicted Old Testament figures - Abraham and Isaac, Jonah, and Daniel - and did not invent new images until over a century later. The special meanings attached to old images and new ones like the fish, anchor, and Good Shepherd all come to life in these pages. The essays are complemented by extensive new archaeological research on a range of more than one hundred objects, drawn from major museums of America and Europe. Frescoes, marble sculpture and sarcophagi, silver vessels and reliquaries, carved ivories, decorated crosses, and illuminated Bibles are illustrated in new colour photographs, allowing the reader an unprecedented encounter with Early Christian art.


Shopping online has become an inseparable part of people's life, with the development of internet technology. This thesis takes the consumer group of Taobao "Double 11" Carnival as research subject and attempts to find out the reasons for the quick development of shopping online and its occupation of the market from perspectives of consumer preference, price elasticity of demand, and price discrimination. Based on the marketing methods adopted and sales performance during Taobao "Double 11" Carnival, this thesis illustrates how the electronic commerce enterprise created such sales miracles by analyzing consumer preference, price elasticity of demand of different goods and price discrimination strategy adopted to boost sales.


In this paper, we present the new illumination estimation method for retinex algorithm, which is the color constancy algorithm under non-uniform illumination condition. In this algorithm, the most important factor is illumination estimation. Because properly estimated illumination guarantees good enhanced image. There are many algorithms for illumination estimation, LPF, MSR, bilateral filter, and so on. They have merits for illumination estimation, but they have demerits too. Proposed algorithm has edge preserving property that LPF, MSR haven't. Proposed algorithm also has fast processing time using the fast algorithm. In this paper, we compare proposed algorithm with previous illumination estimation algorithms. And we show proposed algorithm superior to previous algorithms through various experiments.


This work carries on to study three different topics about the decentralization process:
? the general frame concerning on the pedagogical foundations in decentralization
? the comparative perspective about the indicators for the European Systems of Education addressing to the decentralization process
? the experience, background and decission making in Galician University System about the coordination and decentralization in Higher Educational Systems.
Decentralization process, as a matter of fact, is operating in political, social and educational areas. Decentralization, as a decission making, means a new chance for the autonomy and the choice of a new way to organize the educational systems. Decentralization is an alternative process to centralization, but in no way we must identify decentralization with quality and centralization with miseducation or unworthwhile activities.
Educational Decentralization tries to organize the educational systems facing antinomic questions:
? isolation/cooperation
? regionalization/internationalization
? homogeneity/heterogeneity
? autoidentification/diversity


We present a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible, nanoscale 12-point-probe based on TiW electrodes placed on a SiO2 monocantilever. Probes are mass fabricated on Si wafers by a combination of electron beam and UV lithography, realizing TiW electrode tips with a width down to 250nm and a probe pitch of 500nm. In-air four-point measurements have been performed on indium tin oxide, ruthenium, and titanium-tungsten, showing good agreement with values obtained by other four-point probes. In-vacuum four-point resistance measurements have been performed on clean Bi(111) using different probe spacings. The results show the expected behavior for bulk Bi, indicating that the contribution of electronic surface states to the transport properties is very small.


The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices provides guidance on when traffic signals should be interconnected with railroad crossings. Various other manuals and reports deal with how the traffic signal preemption logic should be configured. Maintenance practices typically require technicians to perform routine checks to ensure that preemption circuitry is functioning, and agencies often log the preemption events as part of a system-monitoring procedure. However, no procedure or software allows a controller to tabulate performance measures on how effective the preemption logic is at clearing conflicting phases before a train's arrival. This study introduces the concept of using an event-based data collection system to monitor the railroad preemption input, vehicle detectors, and phase indications to develop performance measures for evaluating the effectiveness of clearing movements that cross the tracks before train arrival. These techniques are applied to statistically compare the impact of steerable traffic signal indications at a location where the tracks are within 60 ft of the traffic signal stop bar. Based on a comparison of 700 preemptions before the signal heads were installed with 2,102 preemptions after signal heads were installed, no statistically significant difference was observed.


In Latin America there are between 22 and 25 million rural women. The choices of lifestyle for these women is narrow and almost predetermined -- to marry early and to serve one's family or to leave to become a domestic servant, an industrial worker or a prostitute. Currently, the primary task of women who choose the 1st option is to provide the life-supporting services for over 100 million men, children and elderly. Development could not proceed without their work. In rural communities women represent the stable, permanent and reliable element in family life. Work is categorized in Latin America as men's work, neutral work, and women's work. Women are much more willing to ignore social norms and to do men's work or netural work when the well-being of the family is at stake; they do this other work in addition to the responsibilities of their women's work. On the other hand, men are much more reluctant to do women's work and will do so only in crisis situations. The most respected position the average rural woman can aspire to is that of wife and mother. For many women in rural Latin America "liberation" may mean not taking on the additional load of outside work.


Development of a worldwide network to monitor seismic activity requires deployment of seismic sensors in areas which have not been well studied or may have from available recordings. Development and testing of detection and discrimination algorithms requires a robust representative set of calibrated seismic events for a given region. Utilizing events with poor signal-to-noise (SNR) can add significant numbers to usable data sets, but these events must first be adequately filtered. Source and path effects can make this a difficult task as filtering demands are highly varied as a function of distance, event magnitude, bearing, depth etc. For a given region, conventional methods of filter selection can be quite subjective and may require intensive analysis of many events. In addition, filter parameters are often overly generalized or contain complicated switching. We have developed a method to provide an optimized filter for any regional or teleseismically recorded event. Recorded seismic signals contain arrival energy which is localized in frequency and time. Localized temporal signals whose frequency content is different from the frequency content of the pre-arrival record are identified using rms power measurements. The method is based on the decomposition of a time series into a set of time series signals or scales. Each scale represents a time-frequency band with a constant Q. SNR is calculated for a pre-event noise window and for a window estimated to contain the arrival. Scales with high SNR are used to indicate the band pass limits for the optimized filter.The results offer a significant improvement in SNR particularly for low SNR events. Our method provides a straightforward, optimized filter which can be immediately applied to unknown regions as knowledge of the geophysical characteristics is not required. The filtered signals can be used to map the seismic frequency response of a region and may provide improvements in travel-time picking, bearing estimation regional characterization, and event detection. Results are shown for a set of low SNR events as well as 92 regional and teleseismic events in the Middle East.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the factors of cohesion and organizational effectiveness of the physical education teachers in secondary education system For the purpose the hypotheoretical structure model was established by attaching importance to two factors the cohesion or effectiveness of organization in physical education teacher. The statistical methods used for testing hypotheses were regression analysis. Results obtained through this procedure were as following - It shows that the cohesion of the group of the physical education teachers has a significant effect of the organizational effectiveness. As the motive base member, the incentive of group and identification in the cohesion factor have effects of an organizational effectiveness, the incentive of group gives a positive effect of the duty, the devotion for organization, the satisfaction for duty and all the lower factor and next the identification has an effect on the duty and satisfaction for duty and motive base member only has an effect on the result of duty. It shows that the interaction can not give any effect to other factor.


The author made a review on the ophthalmic clinic work in Yushu earthquake relief.Four characteristics of ophthalmic medical support were summarized,which included preplan support,emergency support,comprehensive support and independent support.


A near-infrared, high order pyramid wavefront sensor will be implemented on the Keck telescope, with the aim of providing high resolution adaptive optics correction for the study of exoplanets around M-type stars and planet formation in obscured star forming regions. The pyramid wavefront sensor is designed to support adaptive optics correction of the light to an imaging vortex coronagraph and to a fiber injection unit that will feed a spectrograph. We present the opto-mechanical design of the near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor, the optical performance, and the alignment strategy. The challenges of designing the assembly, as well as a fiber injection unit, to fit into the limited available space on the Keck adaptive optics bench, will also be discussed.


In order to help our group better and more efficiently analyze the evaluation of specific company employees on their job roles, our group research selected the most familiar campus organization (the University at Buffalo – SUNY) as our subdivided target population. In this report, more than 30 UB professors' privacy questionnaires were collected. We sorted out and tabulated 25 valid responses as data, and used the following four different dimensional analysis methods to sort out the surveyed data, analyzing the BIG 5 personality of the UB professors in the organization system, evaluating their job roles and characteristics through Motivating Potential Score (MPS), also reasonably scoring their average personal job satisfaction, and using Leader-member Exchange (LMX) theoretical data model analysis.


Ninety-three Eucalyptus sample plots which distributed in 20 villages and towns from Qujiang,Quren and Zhenwu districts of Shaoguan were surveyed under different ages and different site conditions.By investigating the data and calculations,obtained the curve regression equation of tree height-age relations,H=101.4359-1.7882/A.which was selected as the optional model of guide curve of site index for short-rotation industrial timber eucalyptus plantation.The site index table of Eucalyptus plantation was complied with adjusting standard deviation.The model was tested and it s accuracy could met the requirement.


A method is described to display faithfully on a CRT monitor the colours of images taken by a calibrated digital camera. A multicoloured "input" image, displayed on a monitor, was photographed with the camera. After correcting the digital image to take into account the gammas of both camera and monitor, the image was redisplayed as an "output" image on the same monitor. An iterative procedure found the linear matrix transformation that minimized the difference between the input and output image RGB values. We compared the efficacy of this method with two conventional methods for displaying photographed images on CRTs: the method of displaying the raw untransformed image, and the method whereby the image is transformed via the CIE common frame of reference. The results of the comparisons suggest that the iterative method produces the most faithful representation of the colours of the original image. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 388–393, 2007


By the research of ethanol dehydration performance of commercial HZSM-5 molecule catalyst,the results showed that the content of the ethylene obviously dropped with increased of the reaction temperature using HZSM-5 molecule,and it can not suppress ethylene dimer polymerized reaction for the molecule surface strong acidities.The dehydration condition of HZSM-5 molecule is that reaction temperature is 240~260℃,space velocity is 0.7~1.0h-1,ethylene yield is more than 98%,it is suitable for the dehydration of the low ethanol concentration.