The Rengen Grassland Experiment (RGE), begun on grassland dominated by Nardus stricta in 1941, is one of the oldest properly designed still running fertiliser experiment worldwide. RGE consisted of following treatments arranged in five randomised blocks: an unfertilized control, Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, and CaNPK2SO4. In 2005, soil chemical properties data were collected aiming to analyze effect of soil parameters on biomass production, plant species composition, and species richness of vascular plants counted in five spatial scales. Soil properties (concentration of K, P, C/N ratio, and pH) and biomass production were strictly dependant on fertilizers applied. In treatments without P application, biomass production was negatively correlated with soil P concentration despite of extremely low P concentration. The explanatory power of all measured soil parameters on plant species composition was almost the same like the power of the treatment effect (61.7% versus 62% of explained variability in RDA). The most powerful predictor of sward structure was the soil P concentration explaining 36.3 % of plant species data variability followed by pH value explaining 20 %. The soil P concentration and biomass production were the only parameters significantly affecting species richness. Relatively parallel increase in species richness with increasing sampling area was detected in all treatments and constant differences among treatments were independent of the sampling area. From a discontinuous relationship between soil P content and above ground biomass, the authors formulated the "yield paradox hypothesis" which indicates that an increase in plant available P does not inevitably indicate an increase in biomass. In fact, this relation is strongly dependant on the occurrence and adaptation of species either exhibiting high P use efficiency or, in contrary, low P use efficiency but high competitiveness on well P supplied soils. Further, the extraction of plant fertilizer P increased with the addition of nitrogen (N). As a practical implication, the long-term application of N on mesotrophic grassland might be an adequate measurement to deplete P rich soils aiming to restore species richness grasslands.


The present study deals with MHD mixed convection stagnation point flow over a stretching sheet with the effects of heat source/sink and viscous dissipation including convective boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformations. These equations are then solved numerically by using finite difference scheme known as the Keller Box method. The effects of various parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically interpreted and the results are discussed.


For any information, or to make a comment on prices, please contact Barbara O'Donovan, Industrial Minerals editor at firstname.lastname@example.com Price effective 31st August 2017 Alumina Calcined 98.5-99.5% Al2O3 bulk FOB US refinery $665-710 Calcined, ground 98.5-99.5% Al2O3, bulk FOB US refinery $750-850 Calcined, medium-soda Al2O3, bulk FOB refinery $750-850 Alumina, fused Brown 95% min. Al2O 3, refractory sized (0-6mm), FOB China $700-750 White, 25kg bags, CIF Europe €700-750 Hydrated Alumina (ATH) Hydrated alumina (ATH) Damp (57-60% Al2O3, 5-8% moisture) Bulk FOB refinery $280-330 Andalusite 57-58% Al2O3, 2,000 tonne bulk, FCA Mine-RSA €240-290 55-59% Al2O3, FOB European port €355-425 Antimony Trioxide Typically 99.5% Sb2O3, 20 tonne lots FOB China $7450-7600 Typically 99.5% Sb2O3, 5 tonne lots, CIF Antwerp/Rotterdam $7550-7700 Typically 99.5% Sb2O3, CIF East Coast USA $7620-7720 Baddeleyite Contract price, Refractory/abrasive grade, CIF main European port $2500-3100 Contract price, Ceramic grade (98% ZrO2 + HfO2), CIF main European port $3000-3300 Contract price,


This paper reports a very high-performance tactile sensor system (Touch Feeling Scanner) that can easily and precisely measure the fine surface textures of various kinds of samples. Since human's fingertip can discriminate surface texture below $100 \mu \mathrm{m}$ range easily, it is considered that spatial resolution higher than $100 \mu \mathrm{m}$ is required for the sensors to reproduce the sense of touch on our fingertips. Since such precise measurement usually requires precisely driven stage, there are limitations on the sample shape, the size, and the measurement location of the samples. In order to realize both high special resolution and high adaptability to many applications, MEMS high resolution tactile sensor that we had developed is integrated in the "Touch Feeling Scanner" with novel measurement mechanics in this study. Attitude stabilization mechanism, crawler-type distance detector, and signal processing units for acquiring output signals from the tactile sensor are combined for precise measurement on samples. The completed system of touch feeling scanner showed significant performance reproducing the original performances of high-resolution tactile sensor evaluated with a motorized precise stage.


Polyethersulfone (PES)-based anion exchange blend membranes were prepared from quaternized-PES (Q-PES) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) casting solutions with water as coagulant via non-solvent induced phase inversion. The compatibility of the blend system was investigated through thermodynamic studies while membrane formation was determined using the cloud point technique. The properties of the membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements and SurPASS Electrokinetic analysis. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) and the swelling of the membranes were also investigated. The PES/Q-PES blend system was compatible at the mass ratio of 0.70:0.30, thus leading to delay in demixing of the solvent and non-solvent during phase inversion. Below 0.70:0.30 mass ratio, the blend system is incompatible, leading to instantaneous demixing of the solvent and non-solvent during the phase inversion process. The roughness and surface charge density increased with the increasing addition of Q-PES while the total surface energy decreased. The IEC increased with the addition of Q-PES while the swelling decreased. Therefore, a suitable compatibility of PES:Q-PES at a mass ratio of 0.70:0.30 and below is the prerequisite for an eff ective blend system. The conductivity and electrical resistance of the blend membranes were enhanced by the addition of Q-PES additive, while the tensile strength was compromised.


By analyzing for the breaking forms of pressure vessel, the accidents that leading to design and making etc. has been pointed out. When design and manufacture of the part s structure of pressure vessel, must been adopt reasonable structure and manufacture technology to avoid accidents.


A 51-year-old woman presented with dyspnoea of acute onset. The patient had a history of decompensated alcoholic chronic liver disease with portal hypertension and bleeding oesophageal varices treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and endoscopic glue embolisation, respectively.


This chapter discusses radionuclide concentrations measured in sediment samples collected on or in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site (SRS). We reviewed the history of sediment monitoring at the SRS and evaluated these data with regard to their potential usefulness for dose reconstruction. We compiled and examined sediment data to determine their potential value in source term verification, model validation, and direct exposure assessment. Uranium data collected from Steed's Pond, which received liquid effluents from the M-Area via Tim's Branch, may be useful for source term verification and model validation of uranium releases from the M-Area. However, the potential usefulness of the Steed's Pond data, which are limited in number, is bounded by spatial resolution. Results of measurements of long-lived radionuclides (uranium, plutonium, and 137Cs) in streambeds do not appear useful because samples do not represent the entire streambed and demonstrate no spatial trends because of the complex sediment deposition processes involved. Appendix K further discusses potential uses for environmental monitoring data.


Model-based testing is used as a cost-effective development approach especially for embedded systems in the automotive sector. In this work, we focus on two kinds of test case generation and compare two methods. Each method has different criteria for generating test cases: One is based on the theory of Markov chains and the other one is a combination of functions to get test cases for unexpected failure. We compared two sets of test cases from the two test case generation methods and show that combining the two methods makes model-based testing more cost-effective in the context of critical embedded systems. The work presented in this paper is work in progress.


The director of the Political Studies Program at the University of North Carolina discusses the program's outstanding features. Both graduate and under-graduate courses in American government and politics have accompanying laboratory sessions that permit student observation and participation in politics in a research-oriented situation. Begun in 1957, the program has already had excellent results. The following article discusses another aspect of social science research at North Carolina.


This outstanding product of late Byzantium's theological renaissance draws upon the enduring sources of Orthodox spirituality -- the Church's sacramental and liturgical traditions. Cabasilas proclaimed that man's true life lies not in himself but in Christ.


This paper presents the current state of information system for management and analysis of medical data. The main aim of this project was to develop a web based system that could be used to store and easily manage large amount of data and that could provide access to this data for multiple users at the same time. The final system consists of ASP.NET application that forms the user interface and provides connection to SQL and file server. The system provides extensive user management and user access control, to suite variable needs of both small and large projects. It also contains a sophisticated search engine that makes management of large quantities of information easier. Finally, there is a basic analytical tool with potential for further improvement.


3 Caihong Wang Information Engineering School, Communication University of China, Beijing, China Abstract This paper mainly studies currently developing 3D video coding based on HEVC. HEVC-based 3D video coding mainly focuses on 3DTV and autostereoscopic video compression system. A variety of new encoding tools, such as inter-view motion prediction and depth modeling modes, have been added in 3D HEVC. The interest is created to confirm if these new features and tools improve the encoding efficiency of 3D HEVC. The goal of this article is to analyze the encoding and compression efficiency of 3D High Efficiency Video Coding. In our experiments for stereo video without depth maps, 3D HEVC provides 59.44% and 24.32% average bit rate savings with respect to HEVC simulcast for the dependent view and both two views, while MVC provides 12.53% and 5.99% in comparison with H.264/AVC simulcast. The results indicate that 3D HEVC can remove redundancy between the views more effectively than MVC.


Edited by Amitava Dasgupta, Ph.D., and Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler, Ph.D. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 2011. 470 p. Price $115.00 (hard cover).

This book is exactly as advertised—a comprehensive treatise on herbal supplements and their efficacy, interactions


Geomorphological mapping of locally nourished glaciers was conducted in four glens in the southeastern Monadhliath Mountains, Scotland. Three glaciers are interpreted to be of Younger Dryas age based on geomorphological similarity to features in other Scottish upland areas known to have been glaciated during the Younger Dryas, and on comparison to adjacent ice‐free areas in the lower glens where landform‐sediment assemblages typically reflect peri/paraglacial readjustment during the stadial. Here we reconstruct Younger Dryas glacier termini based on moraine alignments and associated geomorphological and sedimentological evidence. An adjacent wide plateau area at high altitude may have permitted extensive ice accumulation, but no unequivocal geomorphological signature is evident. To establish upper glacier limits, a series of ice profiles are modelled. The results yield a range of realistic glacier configurations bracketed between two distinct scenarios: a valley glaciation with the glaciers' upper limit on the plateau edge, and a low‐domed icecap centred on the plateau with ice flowing radially into the lower glens. Reconstructed equilibrium‐line altitudes are 795 m a.s.l. for the valley‐glacier scenario and 894 m a.s.l. for the icecap scenario. Calculated mean ablation‐season temperatures at the ELA are 1.2°C and 0.4°C for the valley‐glacier and the icecap scenario, respectively, from which we infer mean annual precipitation rates between 323 and 520 mm a−1. Palaeoclimate results indicate a stadial climate in central Scotland 65–79% more arid than at present, comparable to that of western Norway for the stadial and to the present‐day Canadian Arctic.


Application identification plays a crucial role in network management. Among many different approaches introduced in the field, Bernaille et al. [1] introduces connection based clustering to identify applications. In this paper, first four packet sizes with directions are used as a feature set to cluster different applications in wireless environment, which is acclaimed to cluster with 93.7% of accuracy in [1]. However, our experiments not only show that it has low identification accuracy (89.3%), but also show clustering is not suitable for identification of wireless applications.


Abstract In this study, we investigate how college extracurricular activities influence students' early occupational outcomes. In particular, we examine how the type and number of extracurricular activities, as well as level of participation, influence occupational prestige and job satisfaction. Employing the three national databases, we compare the relationship between extracurricular activities and occupational outcomes across three different cohorts and different levels of college selectivity in the context of the US. Our results suggest that the type of activities pursued in college is consistently important for occupational outcomes, and different types of activities have significant influence for different cohorts. Extracurricular activities tend to have more labour market benefits for graduates of selective institutions.


Natural disasters are showing an increase in the magnitude, frequency, and geographic distribution. Studies have shown that individuals' self-sufficiency, which largely depends on household preparedness, is very important for hazard mitigation in at least the first 72 hours following a disaster. However, for factors that influence a household's disaster preparedness, though there are many studies trying to identify from different aspects, we still lack an integrative analysis on how these factors contribute to a household's preparation. This paper aims to build a classification model to predict whether a household has prepared for a potential disaster based on their personal characteristics and the environment they located. We collect data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Household Survey in 2018 and train four classification models - logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and multi-layer perceptron classifier models- to predict the impact of personal characteristics and the environment they located on household prepare for the potential natural disaster. Results show that the multi-layer perceptron classifier model outperforms others with the highest scoring on both recall (0.8531) and f1 measure (0.8531). In addition, feature selection results also show that among other factors, a household's accessibility to disaster-related information is the most critical factor that impacts household disaster preparation. Though there is still room for further parameter optimization, the model gives a clue that we could support disaster management by gathering publicly accessible data.


In a joint development program between ASML and Motorola a new set of alignment marks have been designed and tested using the ATHENA off-axis alignment system on the ASML scanner. The new marks were analyzed for improved robustness against varying wafer-processing conditions to verify improved overlay capability and stability. These new marks have been evaluated on a set of dual inlaid-copper short flow wafers, with layer stacks consisting of 180 nm technology generation dielectric materials. Typical process variation has been deliberately introduced as part of the designed experiment to study the performance robustness of the new alignment marks. This paper discusses the new mark design and the theoretical reasons for mark design and/or integration change. Results shown in this paper provide initial feedback as to the viability of new variations of ATHENA alignment marks, specifically the SSPM and VSPM. Included in the results is the investigation to further stabilization of alignment signal strength. New ideas that are currently under development, to increase alignment mark signal strength stability, are discussed.


Stellite 6B is carbide-hardened Co-based superalloy. It finds extensive application in the harsh industrial environment, because of excellent wear characteristics, high hardness, good corrosion resistance, and superior mechanical properties. Hot compression tests were performed on Stellite 6B alloy to study high temperature dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution during thermal deformation. The tests were performed in the temperature 1000 °C, 1050 °C, 1100 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C and at the strain rates of 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1 s −1 and 10 s−1. Stress-strain curves, and the microstructural evolution of the Stellite 6B alloy were investigated. The results showed that the recrystallization was nucleated at the carbides, original grain boundaries and twin grain boundaries, the dynamic recovery process is inhibited, and the softening effect by dynamic recrystallization is more significant.


One of most important problems which most of the autostereoscopic display have is the degradation of resolution. In this paper, a method is proposed to resolve the degradation of resolution using a multi-directional backlight unit and an LCD panel with a time-sequential operation.


OF THE MANY FORMS OF REALIA AT THE DISPOSAL of the French teacher, the feature film can be the most engaging and rewarding. Nothing holds students' attention quite like a movie or gives them as vivid an experience of France, short of going abroad. Moreover, movies can furnish glimpses of milieus and personalities the average tourist or student rarely encounters. Instructors have been quick to make use of this potential in the classroom. In literature courses the movie version of a play or novel is compared with the original text. In civilization classes films are used along with supplemental readings as historical documents. Recently French departments have added to the traditional literature sequence courses devoted entirely to film.' I will concentrate here on the wealth of information about French culture found


Silicon nanowires were synthesized by electron beam plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition. The synthesis was carried out using indium and tin catalyst with an average particle size of 100 and 660 nm, respectively, in the temperature range 100-270 °C for indium and 200-335 °C for tin. The minimum (optimum) temperature was found at which an oriented array of microropes was formed. This temperature was 200 °C for indium and 335 °C for tin. In addition, it was found that the formation of individual microropes on the tin catalyst occurred at a temperature lower than the eutectic temperature (232 °C). For indium, this effect was not observed. The silica nanowires synthesized on both catalysts consist of SiOx with x ranging from 1.9 to 2 for all temperatures.


The reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-phenylamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones with appropriate alkyl halides via sodio derivatives were studied and the corresponding 1-alkyl-3-alkyl(aryl)-4-phenylamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-traizol-5 -ones were synthesized. Next, the new compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities.


In this paper we present a novel common-mode elimination technique for a 1V rail-to-rail CMOS amplifier. For 1V single supply voltage, the input signal compression technique ([1]) is used to avoid the dead zone of input stage. Before the conventional PMOS input amplifier, the original signal is processed by the common mode elimination block which is composed with signal compression block, signal inverting block and 4 resistors. After this common mode elimination block, the original common mode signal variation from 0V to 1V is compressed with about 3.7mV variation while the compression rate of differential signal is about 71.4%. With this technique, ultra high CMRR (min 115.1dB) is obtained with 43.3dB differential gain. Cadence SPECTRE simulator and TSMC 0.25-μm CMOS technology are used to simulate this work.


Interactive ways of learning and creative activities in teaching methods of Computer Science (CS) have drawn great interest in the last years. The goal of this PhD project is to focus on the main research question: How could practices for computer science education become more attractive and effective for students and especially female students? Initially the project will define the theoretical and the existing teaching practices of CS at schools. Next, empirical tests will evaluate the effectiveness of proposed learning practices based on learning activities of different types, e.g. collaborative games, supervised or unsupervised project work. The methodology used is both qualitative and quantitative, using questionnaires, observations and interviews.


W hile the United States and Canada have been experiencing an herbal medicine renaissance during the past 20 years, use of botanicals on this continent is still relatively small compared to use of mainstream medicine. In contrast, the situation in Korea* could not be more different. In Korea, one would be hard pressed to find a Korean who had not taken herbs at some point in his or her life. The number of adult Koreans who have seen traditional Korean medicine practitioners or otherwise utilized nonbiomedical health services or allopathic medicines ranges from 29 percent to 53 percent, depending on the survey taken.1 Among patients surveyed who were attending a university hospital clinic for arthritis treatment, 68.5 percent used at least one form of natural medicine in the past 12 months, primarily acupuncture or herbal medicine.2 Clearly, the average Korean's awareness of herbal medicine is higher than that of many people in the United States and herbal medicine is absolutely mainstream in the culture of Korea. This article discusses some aspects of this situation and also explores the growing interest in Western herbal and natural medicine in Korea. Although many of these same statements could be made about China, much more has already been written on China, so the focus here is firmly on the lessdiscussed situation in Korea.


We present a programming technique for implementing type safe covariance in C++. In a sense, we implement most of Bruce's matching approach to the covariance dilemma in C++. The appeal in our approach is that it relies on existing mechanisms, specifically templates, and does not require any modification to the existing language. The practical value of the technique was demonstrated in its successful incorporation in a large software body. We identify the ingredients of a programming language required for applying the technique, and discuss extensions to other languages.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infectious pathogen in kidney transplant patients. Here, we present a case of CMV esophagitis with antigenemia, that developed within 3 days of kidney transplantation, a timeline generally considered to be too early for development of a CMV infection. Intense immunosuppressive therapy for desensitization in ABO‐incompatibility or in the presence of donor‐specific antibody can increase the risk for significant opportunistic infection immediately after or even before transplantation.


Aiming at the discrepancy situation of veterinary major practical ability and the enterprise standard,This paper takes "ZhengDa class" organized by Agricultural University of Hebei as an example,discussing and analyzing the theoretical basis and advantages of implemented bi-systematic talent training mode to the major of veterinary,introducing the "ZhengDa class" carrying situation from six aspects,such as guiding ideology of managing the class,source and management of students,teaching process,training of humanities quality,achievements,and feedback of results,and summarizes a new mode of university-enterprise cooperation training for veterinary talents.


Glycerol is an organic polyol compound, and is an important raw material with extensive
applications in daily/petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry. Glycerol is typically obtained by
propylene chlorination, while the method used is complicated process and requires high energy consumption.
Interestingly, glycerol is recognized as a major by-product of biodiesel production. Approximately
100 kg of glycerol is yielded for 1 tonne of biodiesel production. With the rapid development
of the biodiesel industry, glycerol production capacity has been a serious surplus. This review introduces
the selective conversion of glycerol into a variety of value-added chemicals such as propylene
glycol, propanol, glyceraldehyde, and dihydroxyacetone via selective hydrogenation and oxidation, as
well as hydrocarbons and ethers via pyrolysis, gasification and etherification, respectively. The efficiency
of different types of catalysts and the influence of reaction parameters on the valorisation of
glycerol have been elucidated. Emphasis is also laid on the study of catalytic mechanisms and pathways
for some specific reactions.


A viscose rayon stereoscopic plaid fabric comprises warps and wefts, wherein the wefts comprise polyester black yarn and the wefts comprise ultra-fine denier fibers and lustrous rayon. A specific fabric style and the advantages of novel fibers are combined in the viscose rayon stereoscopic plaid fabric, so that product performance is optimized and the stability of product quality is improved. In addition, the fabric is smooth, light, fine in feel, good in breathability and drapability, and suitable for being used as a high-end garment fabric.


We evaluate the effectiveness of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for fault detection and diagnosis in closed-loop systems. A distillation column is used to illustrate the procedure. We describe the strategy for fault detection and diagnosis in the closed-loop system. We present the process models and dynamic analysis of accuracy of the model. We describe the implementation of EKF. We apply the strategy to a 30-stage binary distillation column with a partial condenser and a reboiler


It is provided apparatus for depositing deposition material on a substrate layer deposition. Said apparatus comprising: a substrate support member adapted to support a substrate; target support (520), adapted to support the target assembly, the target assembly comprises a back element and the at least two target elements (510, 511), the at least two target elements arranged on the back element and next to each other, so that a gap (530) between the at least two target elements. The gap between the target member has a width (w). Further, the substrate support and the target support each configuration, the ratio of the distance between the substrate and the target elements (570) and a gap width w of at least about 150 or more.


Due to the growth of migration flows, border areas and cities are among the first to experience the effects of globalization and integration. Cross-border migration and tourism mobility are considered modern challenges affecting small border cities. At the same time, host community often takes opposite positions in relation to these challenges: stimulating tourism and restricting migration. The increased dynamics of cross-border migration brings changes, sometimes significant, to the development of the social and cultural environment of small border cities. Thus, the experience of Tornio city that struggled with the increased number of visitors from Africa and Asia demonstrates a growing society fragmentation and the emergence of cultural identity crisis. The Finnish cities bordering Russia make profit from cross-border mobility, stimulating the development of shopping tourism. The problem of cross-border migration is illustrated by small border cities in Finland. The empirical data is based on the sociological survey conducted in August - September 2016 in Tornio as well as the results of the authors' own observations.


The present invention provides the identification and characterization of receptors associated with enhancement of NOTCH signaling mutation. The present invention provides methods of using and kits. The present invention also provides a method of cancer in a patient having a solid tumor treatment, wherein said solid tumor cells comprising elevated levels NOTCH ICD.


Auditors are often faced with reviewing a sample of business invoices and estimating the number of error items and the total error amount for a rarely occurring event. One special case is dividing the dollars in a large population of invoices into two categories according to whether they meet or do not meet the requirements, are or are not in error. In other words, the error amount follows a nonstandard mixture distribution in which the error amount is either zero with a large probability or the original invoice amount with a very small probability. It is likely that the sample or some strata of the sample will include only zero error items. Under this scenario, the classical method will not produce satisfactory estimation, especially when a conservative estimate of the number of error items or error amount is needed. We will show some flexible applications using the hypergeometric distribution.


The theory of multigraphs is a generalization of the Theory of graphs. The existing algorithms to find the fuzzy shortest path or intuitionistic fuzzy shortest paths in graphs are not applicable to multigraphs. In this paper we develop a method to search for an i-v intuitionistic fuzzy shortest path in a directed multigraph and then develop, as a special case, a fuzzy shortest path in a multigraph. We coin the concept of classical Dijkstra's algorithm which is applicable to graphs with crisp weights, and then extend this concept to multigraphs where the weights of the arcs are i-v IFNs. It is claimed that the method might play a significant role in several application areas of computing, communication network, transportation systems, etc. particularly in those networks that cannot be sculptured into graphs however into multigraphs.


Purpose – This study investigates the validity of the relationship paradigm in contrast with the marketing‐mix paradigm with respect to modern Russian markets. Moreover, the specifics of Russian marketing practices are outlined and a comparison with marketing practices in other countries is provided.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is rooted in the theoretical framework of the "Contemporary Marketing Practices" project. Data about marketing practices are gathered with standardised questionnaires and groups of organisations are identified using cluster analysis, the gap criterion, and canonical discriminant analysis. By comparing scores for relational marketing as well as transactional marketing, the marketing practices are described and contrasted with those in Argentina and Canada. To assess the success of different combinations of marketing activities, association rules are computed.Findings – Contemporary Russian marketing practices cover only a narrow spectrum of the diversity of marketing prac...


From the Document: This Research & Policy Brief presents measures of labor market exposure to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the European Union (EU) by identifying jobs in non-essential industries that cannot be performed from home Jobs most at risk account for 30 percent of all EU employment These jobs are concentrated in lagging regions;tend to be low paid and less secure;and are disproportionately held by young, poorly educated workers and migrants In the absence of urgent large-scale remedial action, the COVID-19 crisis is likely to exacerbate preexisting socioeconomic and regional disparities COVID-19 (Disease);Epidemics;Disaster recovery;World Bank;Unemployment


Recent years have seen growing interest in identifying new biomarkers in atopic dermatitis (AD) that could serve as indicators of disease severity and predictors of treatment response.


Save donor organs of mammals, a storage and a method for transplanting. This method, cold storage, frozen storage prior for loading, cryopreservation solution and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, calcium channel blockers, nucleosides, potassium chloride, polyethylene glycol, at least one amino acid, a cleaning solution containing at least a steroid 2 ° C. ~ 4 ° C. and / or 0 ℃ step of cooling the to 2 ° C., the step of collecting the donor organ, the step of perfusing it with one or more solutions, immersing it in one or more solutions, 0 ℃ it more than the upper or 0 ℃ comprising the step of storing at a temperature below. Cryopreservation solution further includes a cryopreservative. Cooling the wash refrigerated solution stored organs from refrigerated storage or to 2 ° C. to 4 ° C. from frozen, it may be implanted directly by implanting step and it perfusing the organ with a wash solution and then with stock solution.


Whey is a slightly acid, yellow-green liquid which is the residue obtained from the coagulation of milk by rennet or by the lowering of its pH. A considerable volume of whey is produced in the world, and it has continued to increase in recent years (Table 1). In 1973 France, the world's second largest producer after the United states, produced 6 million metric tons of whey, of which about 20 percent was wasted.


Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis , treatment and prevention of non-representative pseudohernia-induced intestinal obstruction. Methods The clinical diagnosis and treatment of 31 patients with internal pseudohernia from 1987 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed, and the incidence of the internal necrosis and complication after early delay surgical operation was compared. Results 12 case received enterecotomy and the remaining 19 cases loosened adhensive band and sutured splits in the mesenstery, respectively. The outcome was significant difference by comparing early or delay surgical operation with occurrence of the intestinal necrosis( P 0.01). 30 patients were cured but 1 died from MSOF. Conclusion The preoperative diagnosis of the pseudohernia-induced intestinal obstruction is difficult. Early diagnosis and operation is the key to avoid the occurrence of intestinal necrosis and postoperative complications. Taking the preventative ways properly will help decrease the risk of intestinal obstruction.


A bound on the order of convergence of the remainder term in the coverage probability of a fixed quantile of the survival distribution is obtained as the prescribed tolerance on the width of the interval shrinks to zero.


In this study, the selection of drying ovens for can gaskets is made at a production plant of tin cans. Among the available three drying oven types, i.e. horizontal, vertical and induction, the optimum type is determined for purchase with the objective of the best suiting the needs of the can production plant. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed, and the importance of the critical and dominant criteria is determined. In this way, the optimum type of the drying oven is identified. Results are discussed and summarized based on the current practices used in the tin can production industry.


Objective In order to increase the Paeonol dissolution and content, cortex moutan were smashed into nanoparticles, and the dissolution and content were compared by microscopy before and after super-micro-particle pulverization. Methods Super-micro-particle pulverization and general grinding were used to broke Cortex moutan into particles. The microscopic morphous characteristics of the before- and after- ultra-disintegration particles were compared by microscopy. Methods of HPLC was used to determine the content and dissolution of Paeonol with different grinding conditions. Methods of precipitation and funnel way were used to examine the stability and fluidity of cortex moutan nano-particles. Results Cortex moutan powder after super-micro-particle pulverization appears sphere or like-sphere, and its average size is 200nm~300nm. After the superfine grinding Paeonol dissolution increases 76.19% in comparison with without nano pulverization. The nanoparticle rest angle is θ=33°.The precipitation ratio of Cortex moutan powder with general grinding is 0.28 at 24h, and the precipitation ratio of its nano-power has been to 0.98 at 60min. Conclusion Paeonol dissolution, stability and fluidity of Cortex moutan nanoparticles were improved greatly and this nanoparticles is beneficial to industrial production for traditional Chinese medicine.


Mid-facial infection carries potential dangers of developing severe life-threatening intracranial complications. Early intervention and the awareness of possible complications essentially can help bring about a better outcome. Presented here, two paediatric cases of nasal abscesses, who developed such serious intracranialcomplications as meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and brain infarction, but ultimately survived the crisis with appropriate intervening measures comprising immediate surgical intervention, efficient intensive care and long-term antibiotics. The cases were studied to ascertain a clinical course and outcome in the light ofexperience at a district hospital for further clinical application. No reconstructive surgery was performed on these patients but in short-term follow-up, no obvious facial developmental problem has been detected yet.


Gastro-esophageal reflux(GER) has been identified as one cause of cough and asthma. In addition,GER may be associated with some interstitial lung diseases(ILD), such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and systemic sclerosis. Lung injury caused by pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents has been shown in animal models. But the further study and trial are needed to clarify the correlation between GER and ILD. This review includes the recent researches about the association of GER and ILD.

Key words:
Interstitial lung disease;  Gastro-esophageal reflux;  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis;  Systemic sclerosis;  Bronchiolitis obliterans


(OARSI 2014) Analysis of data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative show that the year after knee surgery or injury is a high-risk window for development of radiographic OA.


In this paper measures and functions on GL(n) are called bi-invariant if they are invariant under left and right multiplication of their arguments. If v is any bi-invariant Borel measure on GL(n), then there exists a unique Borel measure v* on D +≥(n), the set of all diagonal matrices of rank n with positive non-increasing diagonal entries, such that

holds for each v-integrable bi-invariant function f:GL(n) IR. An explicit formula for v* will be derived in case v equals the Lebesgue measure on GL(n) and the above integral formula will be applied to concrete integration problems. In particular, if v is a probability measure, then v* can be interpreted as the distribution of the singular value vector. This fact will be used to derive a stochastic version of a theorem from perturbation theory concerning the numerical computation of the polar decomposition.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the implementation of the Welsh Network of Healthy School Schemes (WNHSS) at national, local and school levels, using a systems approach drawing on the Ottawa Charter.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a single‐case study using data from a documentary analysis, interviews with Healthy Schools Co‐ordinators (n=23) and stakeholder (n∼93) discussion of interim findings at three regional workshops.Findings – There was almost universal adherence to a national framework based on Ottawa Charter principles. Substantial progress had been made with advocacy and mediation, although the framework provided less specific guidance regarding enablement. All‐Wales training for co‐ordinators, the commitment of co‐ordinators to working across administrative and professional boundaries, and support from local education and health partnerships, were important determinants of healthy school schemes' growth and efficiency. Primary schools were more succe...


[Objective] The research aimed to reduce the pollution of pesticide formulations in the environment.Some or all water in lieu of the organic solvents of EC became leading micro-emulsion formulations.[Method] Chlorfenapyr was an active ingredient.Taking initial appearance,appearance of cold storage,appearance of heat storage,dilution stability and fluidity as the standards,the screening test of different surfactants and cosolvent formulation were made.The best preparation formula of 10% micro-emulsion was got.[Result] The optimized formula was as follows:10% chlorfenapyr,10% xylene,15% cyclohexanone,5% benzyl alcohol,9% 602 #,5% CJ1,3% CJ2,and water.[Conclusion] The micro-emulsion mixture had a good storage stability,security and high-performance features.


The paper analyses how Angaliyat is a cornerstone of Gujarati Literature. The Guajarati literati's reception of Dalit literature took a turn for the better after the last decade of the previous century. The novel revolves around the Vankar community which was considered untouchable in Gujarat. It exposed the structure of domination prevalent in central Gujarat. It also analyses how Macwan suffered oppression and exclusion since childhood and he faced it with new challenges in a society where forces of globalization are engulfing local communities along with their traditional culture and dialects. Macwan has directed his attention to the hollowness and infirmities of the social and economic system, together. To him, the question of identity is embedded in the social and cultural matrix and cannot be countered by paying exclusive attention to one at the cost of the other. Both the issues must be confronted together with unified struggle and on the basis of solidarity of all oppressed classes.


Analyses of ruthenium-106 in marine environmental samples, which are useful for monitoring within a control context, have been developed. The quantity and the quality of the samples applied for the analyses are as follows : two l of sea water filtered through a millipore filter of 0.45 E.cm pore size; two g (wet weight) of bottom sediments prepared by sieving in sea water ; or the edible part of marine organisms equivalent to ca. 1 g ash. In order to equilibrate 106Ru in the samples with ruthenium carrier and to dissolve the samples completely, marine organisms and sediments are ashed at 400-500°C, and then fused with a mixture of potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate. Sea water is heated in the presence of an oxidant in an alkaline medium. Ruthenium is extracted with carbon tetrachloride as ruthenium tetroxide, and then back-extracted with sodium hydroxide solution containing a reducing agent. Hydrous ruthenium oxides are precipitated from the extract and subjected to β-activity measurement with a low background gas-flow counter by use of a 40 mg/cm2 aluminum absorber. The loss of ruthenium throughout ashing and chemical procedures was found to be negligibly small by a tracer experiment. Chemical yields were 89±5 % and the ratio of chemical and radiochemical yields was 0.98±0.03. Sensitivity of the method (3σ) is 0.2 pCi and the whole chemical procedure takes 3 ?? 4 hours. Decontamination factors for the other activities were: > 3 × 104 for 54Mn and 59Fe, 3 × 103 for 60Co, 85Sr and 131I, 2×103 for 137Cs, 1×103 for 65Zn and 95Zr-95Nb, and approximately 102 for radionuclides of thorium and uranium series. A rapid γ-spectrometric technique for 106Rh has also been developed in which 106Ru was coprecipitated with cobalt sulfide from sea water.


Description The library contains R-functions to perform the adaptive weights smoothing (AWS) procedure described in Polzehl und Spokoiny (2000), Adaptive weights smoothing with applications to image restoration. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Ser. B, 62, 2, 335–354 and its generalizations to local polynomial models as described in Polzehl und Spokoiny (2003), Varying coefficient regression modeling by adaptive weights smoothing, WIAS-Preprint 818 and to local likelihood models as described in Polzehl und Spokoiny (2002). Local likelihood modelling by adaptive weights smoothing, WIAS-Preprint 787. The functions awsuni, awsbi and awstri are superseded by functions aws and laws and will be removed in later versions.


System dynamics models have been used in legal disputes since the late 1970s to prove and quantify damages. But such use of these models to support expert witness testimony presents challenges generally not encountered in non-dispute applications of system dynamics. Perhaps the most important such challenge is establishing admissibility of expert testimony supported by system dynamics models under the prevailing standards laid down by the US Supreme Court (Daubert standards) that lean heavily on the scientific method. Best-practice system dynamics work adheres to the scientific method and should prove admissible. Work that does not adhere to the scientific method or uses less stringent standards is vulnerable to being ruled inadmissible in such challenges. In particular, use of system dynamics work as a basis for opposing expert testimony must improve significantly, to meet the current admissibility standards. The stakes are high because current and future cases are likely to set precedents that will significantly affect future use of system dynamics in the legal arena, and because legal admissibility will doubtless impact the broader perception of the legitimacy of system dynamics analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background Although micronutrient and antioxidant supplementation are widely used by persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a therapeutic role beyond recommended daily allowances (RDA) remains unproven. An oral high-dose micronutrient and antioxidant supplement (Treatment) was compared to an RDA supplement (Control) for time to progressive immunodeficiency or initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial. PLWH were recruited from Canadian HIV Trials Network sites, and followed quarterly for two years. Eligible participants were asymptomatic, antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve, HIV-seropositive adults with a CD4 T lymphocyte count (CD4 count) between 375–750 cells/μL. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive Treatment or Control supplements. The primary outcome was a composite of time-to-first of confirmed CD4 count below 350 cells/μL, initiation of ART, AIDS-defining illness or death. Primary analysis was by intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes included CD4 count trajectory from baseline to ART initiation or two years. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board reviewed the study for safety, recruitment and protocol adherence every six months. Results Of 171 enrolled participants: 66 (38.6%) experienced a primary outcome: 27 reached a CD4 count below 350 cells/μL, and 57 started ART. There was no significant difference in time-to-first outcome between groups (Hazard Ratio = 1.05; 95%CI: 0.65, 1.70), or in time to any component outcome. Using intent-to-treat censoring, mean annualized rates of CD4 count decline were -42.703 cells/μL and -79.763 cells/μL for Treatment and Control groups, with no statistical difference in the mean change between groups (-37.06 cells/μL/52 weeks, 95%CI: (-93.59, 19.47); p = 0.1993). Accrual was stopped at 171 of the 212 intended participants after an interim analysis for futility, although participant follow-up was completed. Conclusions In ART-naïve PLWH, high-dose antioxidant, micronutrient supplementation compared to RDA supplementation had no significant effect on disease progression or ART initiation. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798772.


The project completed at the Wichita State University Department of Mechanical Engineering. Presented at the 9th Annual Capitol Graduate Research Summit, Topeka, KS, 2012


In view of the limitations of the Data Pipeline Object in PowerBuilder Environment,the paper elaborates the methods by which the Dynamic Data Pipeline Object is established.


Underwater visual distance is usually limited due to absorption and scattering of light, particularly in turbid water scenes. Currently, most underwater optical image processing algorithms are developed for the post-processing of static single-frame images taken in shallow water environments to achieve clear, color restoration images. Moreover, in turbid water scenes without ambient light, relying solely on post-processing algorithms to obtain ideal image quality can be challenging. In this study, we seek for underwater image quality recovery solution that can be applied during underwater vehicle operations. Polarization technology is used to remove the veiling light, which is the main cause of image degradation. The optical devices are fitted by polarizing filters through simple modifications. Additionally, a contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) algorithm is employed to improve contrast and modify the color cast of images caused by direct signal attenuation. The proposed solution is tested and evaluated on underwater images acquired in laboratory experiments and the results are compared against other underwater post-processing methods. The study expects this approach will enhance the clarity and visual range of underwater targets, thereby improving target recognition in underwater operations.


OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the effectiveness of Ipigrix® (patented name of ipidacrine) alone and in combination with Mildronate® (patented name of meldonium) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, coronary heart disease, and arterial hypertension on the background of underlying disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred twelve selected patients have been divided into 2 groups. Along with standard therapy, patients in group 1 took ipidacrine, while in group 2 – a combination of ipidacrine and meldonium. The duration of the treatment was 1.5 month. The prescribed dose of Ipigrix® was 15 mg/ml i/m, and the dose of Mildronate® was 500 mg per os twice a day. Before and after therapy, there were performed the following examinations: neurological studies using the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) and endocrinological tests that included qualitative studies of insulin resistance by measuring the level of lactate as an indicator of cellular sensitivity; the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and blood insulin, HOMAIR as integral indicators of liver insulin resistance and atherogenesis; measuring the level of microalbuminuria, blood creatinine, glomerular filtration rate as markers of endothelial insulin resistance and indicators of functional state of glomerular kidney function; control of the effectiveness of combined treatment by evaluating HbA1c, cortisol levels.


The seriousness of the current crisis urgently demands new economic thinking that breaks the austerity vs. deficit spending circle in economic policy. The core tenet of the paper is that the most important problems that natural and social science are facing today are inverse problems, and that a new approach that goes beyond optimization is necessary. The approach presented here is radical in the sense that identifies the roots in key assumptions in economic theory such as optimal behavior and stability to provide an inverse thinking perspective to economic modeling of use in economic and financial stability policy. The inverse problem provides a truly multidisciplinary platform where related problems from different disciplines can be studied under a common approach with comparable results.


In order to develop a natural preservative for improving the shelf life of fishery products, solventfree extracts were prepared from raw, water bath boiled (WBB) and microwave-boiled (MOB) garlic ( Allium sativam ). Garlic juices showed antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH radical scavenging method and FRAP antioxidant power assay and antibacterial activity against all the 13 fish spoilage and fish-borne bacteria tested by agar well diffusion method. Raw garlic juice showed significant (p<0.05) radical scavenging effect (96.81±0.11%) followed by WBB juice (58.70±2.51%) and MOB juice (50.33±0.22%) at 20% concentration. The IC50 value of raw, WBB and MOB garlic juices were respectively 7.63, 14.86 and 18.76 μg ml-1. Among the three garlic juices, the raw garlic juice showed the strongest antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Highest zone of inhibition was against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus licheniformis (55.0±0.57 mm) followed by gram-negative bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica (44.0±0.57 mm) indicating its potential as a natural preservative. The natural preservative isolated from garlic significantly delayed the rate of microbial spoilage and extended the shelf life of tuna fillets by six days during refrigerated storage demonstrating its potential as an excellent natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent which can be used as an effective alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.


The Supreme Court case Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] 2 AC 415 addresses the issue of whether, and if so in what way, the court is competent to pierce the corporate veil save any specific statutory authority to do so. In this context, Lord Sumption sheds further light on the doctrine of abuse of corporate personality under English law. Foremost, he draws a distinction between the evasion and concealment situations. The first involves situation, in which the person sets up the company with the aim of avoiding the prior obligation incumbent upon him or her. The second occurs when the relevant identity of "real actors" is hidden behind the corporate veil. In the Lord Sumption's opinion, only evasion may justify the application of the piercing the corporate veil doctrine. This article aims to find the rationale behind introduction of evasion and concealment principle, which seems to be the restriction of the piercing the corporate doctrine to the point where it will have no practical meaning for future cases.The Supreme Court case Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] 2 AC 415 addresses the issue of whether, and if so in what way, the court is competent to pierce the corporate veil save any specific statutory authority to do so. In this context, Sumption LJ sheds further light on the doctrine of abuse of the company personality under English law. Foremost, he draws a blurred line between the concept of the piercing and lifting corporate veil. The intended strong limitation of the exception to the strict approach articulated in Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] A.C. 22 – separation of legal person from its shareholders and no prospects to make shareholder a party to the agreement concluded by the company – seems to be a failure yielding more doubts than providing a clearly articulated legal framework. This article argues against this approach and it suggests that the piercing veil doctrine needs to be forgotten once and for all.


The objective of this research is to discuss the problem of how architectural spaces exist and attend in Iranian miniatures. That is professional way and planning to encounter particular and valuable architecture that today there is in Iranian miniatures. This study with the aim of identifying framework Structure of conducted architecture and reference to articles, professional resources and survey has attempted to provide an appropriate field for understanding the reason and logic about this valuable architecture. This Structure has been formulated, after identifying miniatures in the first stage and analyzing their contents in the second stage. Among the results gained after miniatures analysis: architecture functionality beyond its social meaning, scale independence of the building and human scale of the buildings, simultaneous images of inside and outside space and special idealism can be mentioned. The results of this study can be considered in architectural planning and urban development of Iran, and can pave the way of future researches.


The born of Public Information Disclosure Laws of Indonesia as written on Act Number 14 Year 2008 causes all public body must actively provide transparent, complete, and clear information to the public. As an  implementation of public information disclosure, Sidodadi Village  is one of public body located in Mukomuko District must have an Information and Documentation Management Officer (shortened as PPID in Bahasa) website to disseminate information in accordance with the table of public information data availability of Mukomuko District. The objects the present study were contents contained in PPID website of Sidodadi Village. This study used qualitative content analysis model approach. The analysis performed toward text and picture on the website. With the presence of the website, the public information of Sidodadi Village can be accessed well by everyone, as long as they are connected with internet. We conclude that the website of Sidodadi Village has fulfilled the function as promotion, marketing, information, education and communication media.


Nowadays, families not only make up a very important part of the total museum visitors, especially on weekends and holidays, but are also one of the most interesting groups when it comes to educational activities at the museum, due to the particular interactions that happen within each family and the peculiarities that are characteristic of a multi-generational group. The aim of this article is, firstly, to analyse the history of educational programs in European and North-American museums, focusing on the moment when families started to be considered a target audience, and then looking at the current time, in order to analyse the activities offered nowadays for families in art museums and educational programs and classify them in a diagram.


Shaping of selected financial indictors by acquiring companies in the period preceding mergers of business entities. Analysis of companies in the production sector The purpose of the article is to examine how the acquiring companies in Poland were preparing for the merging process. The analysis uses the following methods: Spearman's correlation coefficient and linear regression, and tests for non-linear form of the regression function. The study also determines the impact of the payment period for receivables, the payment period for payables, the inventory conversion cycle, the sustainability of the structure of assets and financing and the size of entities on the operating returns of the acquiring companies (dependent variable). Acquiring companies operating in the production sector, in the years preceding the merger, stabilized the effect of their working capital components on the return on assets. On the one hand this study expands the study conducted by V. Lima, F.V. Martins, E. Brandao (2015) by providing relevant information on companies from Poland, and on the other hand it introduces the topic of merging companies (acquiring companies).


Combining the mass loss rate, visual brightness with polarization we found that the mass loss rate is correlated with the Normal-SD phase (t


A new chiral synthesis of (+)-rubiginone B 2 is reported. The intramolecular cobalt-mediated [2+2+2]-cycloaddition of a triyne precursor, synthesized from (+)-citronellal, afforded a chiral anthracene, which led after a two-step oxidation to the angucyclinone antibiotic.


We continue to investigate the dynamics of collisionless systems of particles interacting via additive $r^{-\alpha}$ interparticle forces. Here we focus on the dependence of the radial-orbit instability on the force exponent $\alpha$. By means of direct $N$-body simulations we study the stability of equilibrium radially anisotropic Osipkov-Merritt spherical models with Hernquist density profile and with $1\leq\alpha 0.3$, so they are never flatter than an E7 system.


Abstract Evidence based on numerical simulations is presented for a strong correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Using an ensemble of numerical experiments with a coupled ocean‐atmosphere model including both natural and anthropogenic forcings, it is shown that the weakening of the thermohaline circulation (THC) could be delayed in response to a sustained upward trend in the NAO, which was observed over the last three decades of the twentieth century, 1970–99. Overall warming and enhanced horizontal transports of heat from the tropics to the subpolar North Atlantic overwhelm the NAO‐induced cooling of the upper ocean layers due to enhanced fluxes of latent and sensible heat, so that the net effect of warmed surface ocean temperatures acts to increase the vertical stability of the ocean column. However, the strong westerly winds cause increased evaporation from the ocean surface, which leads to a reduced fresh water flux over the western part of the North Atlantic. Horizontal poleward transport of salinity anomalies from the tropical Atlantic is the major contributor to the increasing salinities in the sinking regions of the North Atlantic. The effect of positive salinity anomalies on surface ocean density overrides the opposing effect of enhanced warming of the ocean surface, which causes an increase in surface density in the Labrador Sea and in the ocean area south of Greenland. The increased density of the upper ocean layer leads to deeper convection in the Labrador Sea and in the western North Atlantic. With a lag of four years, the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic shows strengthening as it adjusts to positive density anomalies and enhanced vertical mixing. During the positive NAO trend, the salinity‐driven density instability in the upper ocean, due to both increased northward ocean transports of salinity and decreased atmospheric freshwater fluxes, results in a strengthening overturning circulation in the North Atlantic when the surface atmospheric temperature increases by 0.3°C and the ocean surface temperature warms by 0.5° to 1°C.


There are various factors in the analysis and design of steel frames that uncertainty of them can have a significant effect on the structural safety. Accordingly, study of these factors to understand the actual behavior of the structure are important. Meanwhile, the initial stiffness of beam-to-column connection, can be considered as one of these variable. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of uncertainty in the initial stiffness of BUEEP, WFP and BSEEP connections, from rigid connections pre-qualified of Iran steel codes, on drift of simple steel frame are evaluated. In the firstly, the initial stiffness of mentioned connections based on the mechanical method of the European Code (EC3) and numerical method based on the finite element method by using of the commercial software ABAQUS obtained. By evaluating the responses of the two methods with experimental findings, stiffness obtained from finite element method selected as appropriate stiffness. Then, the probabilistic analysis performed by using of the Monte Carlo simulation method. It should be added, for stiffness of any connections, uniform distribution , normal distribution and lognormal distribution with coefficient of variation from 5 up to 20 percent are considered and drift of frames for thousands simulation are calculated. Results that exceed the allowable drift of Iran code, indicating count of failure of structure. Accordingly, the structure analysis performed 72000 times and probability of the failure will be evaluated. For all connections, the probability of failure for different distributions and coefficients of variation graphically displayed. In the following, reliability of the frame obtained from graphs of cumulative distribution function (CDF). Moreover, for any of the connections and in all investigated cases, a reduction coefficient to achieve 100% reliability and coordination of lateral displacement of with allowable drift with Iran codes becomes available.


The revelation of fraud is one of the main characteristics of the profession of financial auditor in France but also in Tunisia. This obligation arises from a desire of governments to protect the market against any risk of fraud. The goal is to protect firms and their economic and social environment. In this perspective, this qualitative research on the Tunisian audit market tries to analyze the behavior of auditors facing this legal aspect of their profession. It suggests that the revelation of fraud by the auditor depends on its independence towards his client and the degree of aversion to risk.


High-Al-composition AlGaN/GaN double-heterolaser structures were fabricated on sapphire substrates using single crystalline AlN buffer layers. Structures having Al0.25Ga0.75N cladding layers with a 2-µm total thickness were grown without cracks. Device performance was mainly investigated for the structure with Al0.2Ga0.8N cladding layers and a multiquantum-well-structure active layer. Optical emission was intense for devices with a multiquantum-well-structured active layer. However, no sign of stimulated emission was observed in this study.


This short paper aims to introduce the SHELL project, a UK based JISC-funded project which is part of the JISC "Managed Learning Environments for Lifelong Learning" programme. The project commenced March 2002, and aims to facilitate the smooth transition of lifelong learners as they move between places of study through a student centred record (SCR) database using IMS specifications to transfer data.


The use of renewable energy is rapidly developing, especially the solar energy. Photovoltaic is one of the most promising energy sources. This paper presents a brief review on promising MPPT control methods of the Photovoltaic System. First, the overview of the basic photovoltaic system, the concept and basic theory of the widely used P&O MPPT control method is discussed. Then three of the promising improved MPPT control methods are chosen. Meaningful research on the main concept and basic theory of the three methods is covered. This paper collects some of the research results of these methods for comparison. At last, these three methods are compared in three important indexes: the tracking time, the complexity of implementation and the accuracy. These indexes indicate the efficiency, accuracy, and usability of these methods, which can be a meaningful reference for future applications and further research.


This article presents an accurate DC fault location method that applies parameter fitting. This technique first discusses the traveling wave (TW) propagation process in the decoupled line-mode network. We obtain the exact fault distance equation based on the analytical expressions for the wavefront of backward line-mode voltage TW. The adaptive multi-step Levenberg- Marquardt's (AMLM) algorithm is used for parameter fitting due to its fast processing speed and accuracy. The exact fault location can then be estimated using the parameter fitting results. The proposed fault location method is validated using a three-terminal HVDC system modeled on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method accurately detects the fault location, with all estimated errors smaller than 1%, and can withstand 40 dB noise interference. Moreover, the proposed method does not need a high sampling frequency and communication device. Its accuracy is independent of fault resistance and type compared to existing methods.


This paper discusses the structural design features of AQK large diameter rock-socketed belled drill,illustrates the adaptability and reliability of this new belled drill and puts forward some requirements to the key problems of belled drill manufacture and construction process.


A system dynamics model is developed to describe the dynamic structure of and decision†making processes occurring along the Malaysian rice value chain; then, the impacts of removing price controls and an import monopoly on rice prices and self†sufficiency levels (SSLs) in Malaysia are examined. The simulation results show that removing price controls would lead to sharp increases in rice prices but that Malaysia could, in turn, achieve 100% self†sufficiency. Terminating the import monopoly would stabilize rice prices, but Malaysia cannot achieve self†sufficiency. There are two alternative policies that Malaysia could pursue to reduce the trade†off between rice prices and SSL. Although irrigation development would stabilize rice prices, it would place heavy financial burdens on Malaysia. Therefore, Malaysia should explore the feasibility of paddy importation strategies, which could not only increase rice outputs, stabilize prices and achieve 100% SSL but also create more business opportunities and jobs in Malaysia's rural areas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An improved procedure was developed for the zinc-mediated fragmentation of protected and unprotected methyl 6-deoxy-6-iodo-hexopyranosides. The method employs sonication of the iodoglycoside with zinc dust in a THF/H2O mixture.


A case of pre-cervical uterine torsion in a Kankrej cow treated via caesarean section as an emergency under local analgesia to save life of dam is reported with delivery of a dead emphysematous foetus.


An information system is a system that provides information for management in making decisions and also carrying out company operations, where the system is a combination of humans, technology, and procedures that are organized and intended to organize processes for certain transactions. Several components characterize the information system, namely the first input component, which is the data entered into the information system, and the second model component processes the data contained in the database to produce the desired output. This component includes procedures, logic, and mathematics. The third is output information from the processed data. The


Hotels often referred to as a 'home away from home'. A place where tourists stop being a traveler and being a guest. A hotel typically offers a range of accommodation and services, which may include a suite, common dining and lounge facilities banquet facilities, and entertainment facilities. The main characteristic feature that sets the hotel apart from other types of accommodation are complete facilities and services available. In addition to the availability of public services, a variety of other services such as airline tickets, tours, reservation booking, and others. The hotel size ranges from twenty to more than two thousand rooms. hotels found in the city center, suburban and airport locations. Purchasing Department is the center point of the transaction or purchase of any kind of goods for hotel operations, so that the purchasing department is often described as the central purchasing company or hotel in question. The task of purchasing at Swiss-Bel Hotel Pondok Indah is in conformity with the task of purchasing the authors noted in the theoretical basis . T he purchasing department function is to plan and coordinate the process of making the PR and PO for the needs of all departments in the hotel. With the PR and PO and coordination between departments is good, then the procurement process at the hotel can run smoothly. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research that is done through case studies, interviews, and direct observation of The Role of Purchasing at the hotel.


The two different kinds of disfigurement in sample A and B were inspected in laboratory with infrared thermal imaging meter.The results show that the test error of sample A with large angle coefficient of hole bottom is under 5%,and will become smaller with the increase of furnace temperature;however the test error of sample B is larger and bring misjudgement due to its smaller angle coefficient of hole bottom.In fact,the most disfigurements of furnace wall are similar to the sample A,so the influence of angle coefficient can be neglected in disfigurement inspection.This inspection method was verified in practice.


ERIC the third For some reason this sounds like a Viking warrior to me, and whilst ERIC-3 is actually a new drug found in Swindon it is also deadly. Stephen Haig and colleagues describe the experience of the Great Western Hospital in the assessment and management of patients who had taken this novel recreational drug. This seems to be a common theme in Emergency Medicine, coming soon after our experiences with Mephedrone use in recent years. ERIC-3 seems pretty dangerous stuff with two deaths and 5 ITU admissions. I suspect that this will not be the last novel drug we see presenting to the ED so a worthwhile read in preparation for the next one.


A catalyst for polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene is prepared through dissolving magnesium halide in organic epoxy compound, organic phosphorus compound or inertial diluent, adding alkane educing aid, porous inertial carrier and halide of Ti, and educing. It is possible to add alcohol compound and/or electron donor. Its advantages are high activity and copolymerizing performance, and high sensitivity to hydrogen regulation.


The invention relates to a tobacco feed device with an air circulation system for conveying and / or views of tobacco by means of circulating air, with a pipe control system for guiding the circulating air and having disposed in the pipeline system air cleaning unit for cleaning the air circulation of particles in the air circulation system, wherein the air cleaning unit an air inlet, a has air outlet and a particle outlet. The task of a tobacco feed device with an efficient and at the same time compact air circulation system for conveying and / or views provide tobacco is achieved in that the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged coaxially and that the air cleaning unit a substantially across the cross-sectional area of the air cleaning unit extending coaxially disposed having vortex element for generating a vortex.


In this investigative article we draw upon the production of delinquency and its objectification by psychological knowledge during the twentieth century in Brazil. The analytical scope for this research comes from the archeogenealogical strategy put forward by Michel Foucault, whereby we investigated articles from the journal 'Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia' between 1949 and 1990. We selected 17 articles as analytical field in which the elements "youth", "crime" and/or "delinquency" are present and through which four epistemological axes that legitimize delinquency as an object of study of psychology were delineated: 1. the demoralization of poverty (family inheritance); 2. sovereignty of internalization (biopsychological determinism); 3. symptomatology of contemporaneity; and 4. essentialization of youth. Through this analysis, we highlight how psychology constitutes the young subject as the representation of delinquency, but rather as the science that privatizes a domain over this object. Psychology, thus, become the necessary science to explain contemporary youth criminality.


In the method for drying a dry material dried air is passed through the material to be dried, whereby the dry material moisture is removed, which is absorbed by the air passed through. The air is conducted through a drying device (34, 36) supplied to and dried by the latter. Of the drying device (34, 36) dried air is supplied again to the material to be dried and passed through this. The humidity of the air supplied to the material to be dried is regulated to a predetermined desired value. This makes it possible on the one hand, to keep the air humidity to an adjustable moisture level as constant as possible and, secondly, a maximum service life of the drying means (34, 36) to reach to obtain the highest possible energy efficiency.


The invention relates to an apparatus, especially a delivery device, comprising a housing (4100), a retainer (4200, 4200') for holding a cartridge (4220, 4220'), a cover part (4240, 4240') for accessing the retainer (4200, 4200'), the cover part (4240, 4240') being moveable relative to the housing (4100) between an open and a closed position, wherein the apparatus further comprises cover part biasing means for exerting a biasing force onto the cover part (4240, 4240') in the closed position to bias the cover part (4240, 4240') inwardly and/or distally against the housing (4100).


Objective:To study the Bacteria interacted agglutination with Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157,and provide reference for avoiding misdiagnose.Methods:The bacterium was identified by morphology,serology and API 20E biochemical test.Results:The 18 strains of Enteric Bacilli bacteria were identified as Proteus,Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter Citrobacte by biochemical identification,in which 11 strains intersected agglutination with Salmonella polyvalent serum,7 strains cross agglutination with Escherichia coli O157.Conclusion:It is easy to produce wrong conclusions in identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the serological only.In order to ensure the accuracy of strain identification,serological should be combined with comprehensive biochemical tests.


In the title compound, C29H42N2O2, the heterocyclic ring has a twist conformation. The cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 32.74 (6)°. The molecular conformation is stabilized by two intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds with graph-set motif S(6). The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.


In the wake of Richards Benton's "Keats and Zen" (published in Philosophy East and West (1966)), this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame's appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in Snowman, Snowman (1962). The novella's allusions to a Buddhist-like epistemology, together with its subtle references to Scandinavian myths, however, have so far remained uncovered and are therefore best approached in the light of what has been called "the suppressed intertextuality in post-colonial writing". The author's intention in this paper is twofold: On the one hand, the author will suggest that post-colonial writers do not necessarily write against the Western canon and that maintaining the contrary amounts to vindicating the centrality of imperial texts in the contemporary literary scene—an endeavour which is hardly post-colonial. On the other hand, the author will go some way towards shifting eastward the core of Frame's ontology by suggesting that her poetics is anchored not only in Western thinking, but also, perhaps more importantly so, in Eastern philosophy. The author's primary impulse, however, in examining the interplay between canonical and peripheral intertextualities, is to illuminate in fundamental fashion the haunting beauty of the writer's universe and the lyricism of Snowman, Snowman.


: Social dilemmas characterize decision environments in which individuals' exclusive pursuit of their own material self-interest can produce inefficient allocations. Two such environments are those characterized by public goods and common-pool resources in which the social dilemmas can be manifested in free riding and tragedy of the commons outcomes. Much field and laboratory research has focused on the effectiveness of alternative political-economic institutions in counteracting individuals' tendencies to underprovide public goods and over-extract common-pool resources. Previous laboratory research has not focused on the implications of power asymmetries in paired public good and common pool game settings. In our baseline treatments, we experiment with simultaneous move one-period games in which paired comparisons can be made across settings with public good and common pool games. In our central treatments, we experiment with pairs of sequential move one-period games in which second movers with asymmetric power — "bosses and kings" — can have large effects on efficiency and equity. The central questions are whether the bosses and kings do have significant effects on outcomes and whether those effects differ across the paired public good and common pool games in ways that can be rationalized by some theories but not others. ______________________________


Objective The objective of this study was to verify the knowledge of qualified nurses related to paediatric in-patient care in the hospital. Methods The design took the form of a cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out at a municipal paediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro.The data was gathered by an anonymous questionnaire from December 2014 to March 2015. Findings Of those completing the questionnaire, there was a preponderance of female gender (81%) and nurses over 40 years old (57%). With respect to oral hygiene, 63% of the nurses confirmed that they had knowledge of the subject; however 48% of nurses admitted that it is not part of their work routine. In addition, 81% of nurses have never studied oral health and 52% of nurses stated that the hospital provides prophylactic materials for oral hygiene. Furthermore, 56% of those completing the questionnaire informed that there is no oral hygiene protocol in the hospital. Only 13% of nurses guide parents on oral hygiene practice. Oral health training was considered desirable by 96% of the nurses returning the questionnaire. Conclusion The results demonstrate a need for further training of nurses related to oral hygiene practices. Keywords qualified nurses, oral health, oral hygiene, oral health promotion


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Background: HIV-1 drug resistance testing (DRT) is vital for monitoring of individual patient treatment outcomes and for public health surveillance. Access to HIV-1 DRT is limited in resource-poor settings, including Kenya due to its costly nature. Recent inclusion of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in first-line treatment for all people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1) underscores the need for an INSTI DRT. This study aims to validate a cost-effective in-house DRT method to detect HIV-1 Integrase resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) using HIV positive plasma derived samples Methods: Thirty-six plasma derived samples were used to assess the performance characteristics including accuracy, precision, reproducibility and amplification sensitivity of an in-house method in comparison with a reference assay. Cost estimation per test followed an incremental ingredient costing approach. Clinical application of the in-house test was evaluated on a plasma sample from a patient failing an INSTI-based regimen. Results: Comparison of the in-house and reference assay gave mean nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity of 99.49 %, CI [99.21- 99.77] and 99%, CI [98.58, 99.42] respectively. Complete concordance was observed by both assays in detection of the T97TA INSTI RAM. Precision and reproducibility assessment revealed mean nucleotide sequence identities of 100% and 99.14% respectively. The amplification sensitivity was 100% for samples with VL> 1000 copies/mL (n=8) and 50% for samples with VL<1000 copies/mL. Two major (G118R and E188K) and two accessory INSTI mutations (G149A and E157Q) were detected from the clinical sample of a patient failing an INSTI-based therapy. Cost analysis estimated the cost per test at $50.31. Conclusion: The developed HIV-Integrase assay met the validation acceptance criteria and demonstrates the ability to detect clinically relevant INSTI-resistance-associated mutations, highlighting its potential use as an alternative to commercial INSTI tests in resource-limited settings.


Let M n be a closed, connected n-manifold. Let M i? denote the Thom spectrum of its stable normal bundle. A well known theorem of Atiyah states that M i? is homotopy equivalent to the Spanier-Whitehead dual of M with a disjoint basepoint, M+. This dual can be viewed as the function spectrum, F(M;S), where S is the sphere spectrum. F(M;S) has the structure of a commutative, symmetric ring spectrum in the sense of [7], [12] [9]. In this paper we prove that M i? also has a natural, geometrically defined, structure of a commutative, symmetric ring spectrum, in such a way that the classical duality maps of Alexander, Spanier-Whitehead, and Atiyah define an equivalence of symmetric ring spectra, fi : M i? ! F(M;S). We discuss applications of this to Hochschild cohomology representations of the Chas-Sullivan loop product in the homology of the free loop space of M.


The essays are structured under four main headings: Continuity and Rupture, The Era of National Socialism and Fascism, Continuity and Reconfiguration, Responses to National Socialism and Fascism in National Legal Cultures. However, in terms of orientation this structure only scratches the surface as interconnections (which are inevitable and even desired) exist between the individual essays. Stolleis' Prologue and Weiler's Epilogue frame the entire work, which will be discussed "seriatim".


Industrial automation and control systems (IACS) are more and more a combination of standardized hardware and software components that are respectively linked. A continuous increase in digital Instrumentation and Control (I&C) in production lines and critical infrastructures lead to a remarkable increase in computer-based digital security risk [IE10]. The Internet of Things, services, data and people also opens up new avenues for data theft, industrial espionage and attacks by hackers [BM16]. Currently many solutions are available for industrial network and software but more focus is still required for controller programming integrity checks.


Objective. To investigate the interplay between active standing and heat stress on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy individuals. Approach. Blood pressure (BP) and ECG were continuously recorded during 30 min in supine (SUP) and 6 min in orthostatic position (ORT) under thermal reference (TC; ∼24 °C) or heated environment (HOT; ∼36 °C) conditions, in a randomized order. All data collection was performed during the winter and spring seasons when typical outdoor temperatures are ∼23 °C. Spectral analysis was employed by the autoregressive model of R–R and systolic blood pressure (SBP) time series and defined, within each band, in low (LF, 0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.40 Hz) frequencies. The indices of cardiac sympathetic (LF) and cardiac parasympathetic (HF) were normalized (nu) dividing each band power by the total power subtracted the very-low component (<0.04 Hz), obtaining the cardiac autonomic balance (LF/HF) modulation. The gain of the relationship between SBP and R–R variabilities within the LF band was utilized for analysis of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (alpha index; αLF). Nonlinear analysis was employed through symbolic dynamics of R–R, which provided the percentage of sequences of three heart periods without changes in R–R interval (0V%; cardiac sympathetic modulation) and two significant variations (2UV% and 2LV%; cardiac vagal modulation). Main results. HOT increased 0V% and HR, and decreased αLF and 2UV% during SUP compared to TC. During ORT, HOT provokes a greater increment on HR, LF/HF and 0V%, indexes compared to ORT under TC. Significance. At rest, heat stress influences both autonomic branches, increasing sympathetic and decreasing vagal modulation and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. The augmented HR during active standing under heat stress seems to be mediated by a greater increment in cardiac sympathetic modulation, showing an interplay between gravitational and thermal stimulus.


Covid-19 has impacted the health and well-being of children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental acceptance of and concerns about vaccinating their children against Covid-19 in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. The study adopted a cross-sectional design. Parental acceptance of and concerns about vaccinating their children were collected using a structured questionnaire. A total of 366 parents were selected, using purposive sampling from the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, during the period of November 2021 to February 2022. Of all, 5.3% (56) of the parents expressed a high level of concern regarding vaccinating their children against Covid-19, while 80.6% (295) expressed a medium level and 4.1% (15) a low level of concern. Parental acceptance was found to be medium and high among 71% (260) and 8.8% (69) of the parents respectively, as opposed to 10.1% (37) who were reluctant (low) to do so. The most important concerns for the low acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination were safety, side effects and effectiveness of the vaccination. The study reveals the need to initiate more targeted interventions to improve the acceptability of vaccines and the acceptance of the parents in order to alleviate the concerns of parents about vaccinating their children against Covid-19.


When it was promulgated in 1980s,Mineral Resources Law focused much on the achievement and management of economic interest.Therefore,huge social and ecological costs had been paid in practice because of the guiding ideology of pursuing economic interest only.The connotation of miner resources has been recaptured since the strategy of making great efforts to promote ecological progress was proposed at the 18th CPC National Congress.On such basis,this research mainly discussed and analyzed the connotation of mineral resources from the perspective of ecological civilization,particularly emphasizing its ecological environment interests and intergenerational interests,which return to the deep connotation of mineral resources.In addition,this paper simply distinguished some definitions which are similar to mineral resources' in related disciplines in order to have a better understanding.


The research being presented in this article has been set up with the aim of working out both the technology and starting up manufacturing process ( in which a new generation of ceramic slips is employed ) in "Armatura" precise foundry. There have been used "aqueous" Ekosil silicate binder and quartz ceramic material with addition of organic fibres for making slip in the new technological solution. In the presented research work has been achieved a quantitative and qualitative selection of composition for the ceramic slip. The selection has been based on testing of physico-chemical and technological qualities.


Basic electrical, optical and calorimetric characteristics of an ac (50 Hz) driven capillary discharge produced in a water solution were studied for initial water solution conductivity in the range 50–1000 µS cm−1. Typical current and voltage waveforms and emission intensities produced by several electronically excited species were recorded with high time resolution. The evolution of the electrical current, power and capillary resistance was inspected during positive ac half-cycle for various operational regimes. A fast relaxation of the discharge following a breakdown event was observed. Optical measurements indicate that radiative species are mostly generated during the first few hundreds of nanoseconds of plasma generation and that the average duration of plasma emission induced by a discharge pulse is of the order of a few microseconds. Results of calorimetric measurements are in good agreement with average electrical measurements and support the assumption that the discharge is a constant source of heat delivered to the liquid. Assuming that only a fraction of the heat released inside the capillary can be transported by conduction through the capillary wall and via its orifices, the processes of bubble formation, expulsion and re-filling the capillary with 'fresh' water must play a key role in maintaining a thermal balance during long-time steady-state operation of the device. Furthermore, a simplified numerical model and a first order energy deposition calculation prove the plausibility of the bubble breakdown mechanism.


A typical docking target employs a three-point design of retroreflective tape, one at each endpoint of the center-line, and one on the tip of the central post. Scenes, sensed via laser diode illumination, produce pictures with spots corresponding to desired reflection from the retroreflectors and other reflections. Control corrections for each axis of the vehicle can then be properly applied if the desired spots are accurately tracked. However, initial acquisition of these three spots (detection and identification problem) are non-trivial under a severe noise environment. Signal-to-noise enhancement, accomplished by subtracting the non-illuminated scene from the target scene illuminated by laser diodes, can not eliminate every false spot. Hence, minimization of docking failures due to target mistracking would suggest needed inclusion of added processing features pertaining to target locations. In this paper, we present a concurrent processing scheme for a modified docking target scene which could lead to a perfect docking system. Since the non-illuminated target scene is already available, adding another feature to the three-point design by marking two non-reflective lines, one between the two end-points and one from the tip of the central post to the center-line, would allow this line feature to be picked-up only when capturing the background scene (sensor data without laser illumination). Therefore, instead of performing the image subtraction to generate a picture with a high signal-to-noise ratio, a processed line-image based on the robust line detection technique (Hough transform) can be used to fuse with the actively sensed three-point target image to deduce the true locations of the docking target. This dual-channel confirmation scheme is necessary if a fail-safe system is to be realized from both the sensing and processing point-of-views. Detailed algorithms and preliminary results are presented.


Abstract : The document describes the current college recruitment practices for engineers, mathematicians, and physicists at NELC. It compares NELC's 1974 program with the programs of Naval Undersea Center (NUC) and Naval Weapons Center (NWC) and presents a series of recommendations to enhance NELC's 1975 College Recruitment Program.


We have increased the ratio of s-polarization (normal incidence) to p-polarization photocurrent to 50% in a quantum dot-in-a-well based infrared photodetector form the typical s-p polarization ratio about 20%. This improvement was achieved by engineering the dot geometry and the quantum confinement via post growth capping materials of the Stranski Krastanov growth mode quantum dots (QDs). The TEM images show that the height to base ratio of shape engineered QDs was increased to 8 nm/12 nm from the control sample's ratio 4 nm/17 nm. The dot geometry correlates with the polarized photocurrent measurements of the detector.