Examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a very painful procedure. Therefore, pain management is essential given the possibility of sensory and behavioral problems in newborns, who are constantly exposed to painful stimuli. In this light, the use of nonpharmacological methods alone or in combination with pharmacological methods is recommended for pain control. This systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of nonpharmacological treatments on pain during ROP examination. Randomized controlled trials published in English between 2011 and 2021 and available in the electronic databases of Medline, Web of Science, Nursing & Allied Health, and PubMed were reviewed. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. Six randomized controlled studies were included. Glucose (mean difference [MD]: −1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.34 to 0.94, P < .0001) and sucrose (MD: −2.50, 95% CI: −3.20 to −1.79, P < .0001) solutions were effective in reducing pain. However, breast milk did not reduce the Premature Infant Pain Profile score (MD: −2.50, 95% CI: −6.10 to 1.10, P > .05). The application of sucrose and glucose solutions for pain management during ROP examination can be effective and safe.


To evaluate the possible effects of environmental surroundings on blood donor reactions, we analysed vasovagal reaction rates before and after renovation of the Yurakucho Blood Donation Center in Tokyo.


Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum Y. I. Kim & Y. D. Kim (Saxifragaceae) is a recently described endemic species growing in the central part of the Korean peninsula. It requires constant monitoring for conservation due to its limited distributions. There is also a need for molecular markers for proper assessments of the genetic differentiation of C. aureobracteatum from species morphologically similar to it. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers that can be used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this species, representing fundamental data with which to conserve the natural populations of the species. A total of 17 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed by the Illumina pair-end sequencing of the transcriptomes of C. aureobracteatum. These markers were successfully applied to populations of C. aureobracteatum and to its most closely related species, C. barbatum, revealing high polymorphism in both species. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study were proven to be useful not only to monitor the population genetic structure of C. aureobracteatum for conservation purposes but also to study the genetic delimitation of the species from species closely related to it.


Human infestation with liver flukes is rare, as they are accidental host by ingestion of con-taminated water & vegetables. To document the presence of this disease in Iraq/ Kurdistan region, we are reporting this case of Fasciola Hepatica infestation to a young lady with recurrent attacks of Rt. Abdominal pain. The worm was found, during cholecystectomy, swimming in the bile of gallbladder.


Several applications are migrating to a 48-V power-delivery architecture, including hyper-scale data-centers and artificial intelligence (AI) server-racks power distribution. High level trends of AI applications pushes computation aggressively towards sensors and actuators, opening considerable research and business development windows. Within the 48-V power-delivery architecture, new intermediate bus converter (IBC) solutions so called hybrid switched capacitor converter (HSC) [1] for high efficiency and high power density applications are becoming essential. To increase the IBC robustness and current sharing quality this paper is proposing a lossless current sensing method for an HSC converter with autotransformer. Experimental results on a 450 W 48-V to 6-V HSC module are showing the effectiveness of the proposed solution.


1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on either a purified, fibre-free diet or a diet in which half the maize starch was replaced with uncooked amylomaize or potato starch (equivalent to 100 or 200 g amylase-resistant starch (ARS)/kg diet respectively). Changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, ammonia and a number of bacterial variables in caecal contents were then assessed. 2. Both ARS supplements decreased caecal content pH by approximately 1–2 units, with an associated reduction in ammonia concentration. Potato starch significantly decreased the concentration of SCFA in the hind-gut, while amylomaize supplementation increased propionic and butyric acids but decreased the occurrence of minor, branched-chain fatty acids. 3. Caecal bacterial biotransformation activities (β-glucosidase (EC 184.108.40.206), β-glucuronidase (EC 18.104.22.168), reduction of p-nitrobenzoic acid, apparent ammonia formation) were consistently decreased by both ARS sources. 4. The results demonstrate that amylase-resistant carbohydrate altered toxicologically important functions in the large-intestinal flora of the rat.


Abstract : The overall goal of this Phase II portion of this SBIR project was the development of a field NDI kit which uses optimized penetrant systems to detect defects in protective clothing materials - An adjunct goal was to investigate the feasibility of using penetrants to determine the extent of decontamination achieved. A classic penetrant approach to NDE of Teflon and similar protective clothing materials was developed. Penetrant development and testing, then proceed to full-suit testing, conducted under laboratory conditions. The types of penetrant(s) to be used and the method of application were investigated. Kits utilizing these developments were developed which focus on effective field use of the inspection technique. An iterative process was followed which allowed for optimization. Later demonstrations of a pure NDE technology and one combining a decontamination effectiveness function were demonstrated at Dugway Proving grounds, and it became clear that the combination had wider application than either function alone. Demonstrations of the technology to fire departments and Hammet teams were met with the same reaction - the decontamination verification function was viewed in an area needing innovation. The result of these inputs was the development of Decon-Check TM a protective suit decontamination verification and NDE system


The atmospheric circulation patterns in cold and warm winter years of Dalian during the period of years 1960-2000 are discussed in this paper based on the circulation composite analysis in nine warm and eight cold winters.The results show that there are significant differences in their SLPA fields,height anomaly fields at 500 hPa and zonal winds anomaly fields at 300 hPa.Moreover,it is found that Mongolia High,East Asian Trough,Polar Front Jet and the location,area and intensity of Polar Vortices are notable different,which interpret Polar Front Jet,East Asian Trough and Mongolia High have an important impact on winter temperature abnormality of Dalian.


The main author is using transdisciplinary studio courses as a research tool in the field of performative wood. Through sharing the knowledge between architectural, environmental design, and wood science researchers and students, we managed to develop complex 1:1 scale prototypes. The course process is a learning arena for students, teachers and researchers and the skills, competences and insights are being developed through experimental practice. The second prototype of the Environmental Summer Pavilion II course was created from reflection upon the first one while both serve as complex material-environment interaction studies for the development of responsive envelopes.


Objective To assess the radial systolic function of left ventricle(LV) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) by velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Sixteen patients with DCM and twenty control subjects were detected by VVI.VVI data were collected from the six basal segments and six mid segments in parastenal LV short axis views.The radial systolic velocity(V) ,strain(e) ,strain rate(SR),the time to peak systolic velocity(PTV) and the time to maximum strain(PTe) were measured with special software.The differene of the earliest and the latest time to peak velocity(T-max) and the standard deviation of time to peak velocity(T-SD) of 12 segments were calculated.Results Compared to the controlled group,patients with DCM had significantly lower radial V,e and SR (P <0.01) in all the 12 segments,significantly longer PTV and PTe (P < 0.05) in most segments, and significantly larger T-max and T-SD (P <0.05).Conclusions VVI is useful to assess the abnormalities in LV radial movement in patients with DCM and could provide more information about regional cardiac function.

Key words:
Echocardiography;  Cardiomyopathy, dilated;  Ventricular function, left;  Velocity vector imaging


Credit here means that the information is true and believable. It is non-contract. Some deceivers try to have no credit and get the temporary profits, but the person with credit can have long-termed profit because the credit is image and foundation of an enterprise. It is a magic weapon to have larger market and the force of the enterprise. The credit should be developed among officials and be used to make them hold the consciousness of credit. A set of credit system should be established to punish the deceivers and honor the creditors.


Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials in the middle infrared (IR) region play an important role in outputting IR laser, however, their applications are restricted by the imbalance between large second-harmonic generation...


Ekvall and Long discuss works in an exhibition highlighting recent acquisitions for the Mackenzie Art Gallery's permanent collection. The works are categorized in reference to history, prairie iconography, photography, First Nations art, Inuit art and the Regina Five.


A touch surface device having improved sensitivity and dynamic range is disclosed. In one embodiment, the touch surface device includes a touch-sensitive panel having at least one sense node for providing an output signal indicative of a touch or no-touch condition on the panel; a compensation circuit, coupled to the at least one sense node, for generating a compensation signal that when summed with the output signal removes an undesired portion of the output signal so as to generated a compensated output signal; and an amplifier having an inverting input coupled to the output of the compensation circuit and a non-inverting input coupled to a known reference voltage.


In this paper, we propose a novel frame synchronization algorithm for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in multi-user environments. In order to enhance the synchronization performance, we add a repeated orthgonal Gold sequence (ROGS) directly to OFDM signals in the time domain. The power level of a ROGS needs to be low engough in order not to affect a normal operation of the OFDM systems. Frame synchronization can be achieved successfully over Rayleigh fading channel interfereed by impulsive noise owing to good auto and cross-correlation properties of the ROGS.


Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Post-transplant HCMV reactivation can lead to target organ damage and increased transplant-related mortality. However, HCMV reactivation has also been associated with a significantly reduced risk of leukaemia relapse after allo-BMT. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect that MCMV has on graft-versus-leukaemia (GvL) response and to identify the mechanism determining this effect. Materials and methods: Mice were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and following viraemia clearance, used as either donors or recipients in allo-BMT. Lethally irradiated recipient mice were transplanted with donor BM and T cells, and challenged with GFP+ primary murine myeloid leukaemia cells (derived by insertion of MLL-AF9 oncogene) on the day of transplant. Recipients were monitored for graft-versus-host diseases (GvHD), leukaemia burden and MCMV reactivation by clinical scoring, flow cytometry and qPCR, respectively. Two models of allo-BMT were used: MHCmismatched transplant using Balb/c (H-2Dd ) donors and C57Bl/6 (H-2Db ) recipients and MHChaploidentical transplant with C57Bl/6 (H-2Db ) donors and B6D2F1 (H-2Dbd) recipients. Results and Conclusions: Leukaemia survival was significantly improved in recipients of MCMVseropositive donors versus MCMV-seronegative donors in MHC-mismatched model (median survival: 41 vs 31 days, p < 0.05) but not in MHC-haploidentical allo-BMT. We demonstrated that the stronger GvL effect was independent of NK cells but was associated with distinct transcriptomic profiles in CD4 and CD8 T cells post-transplant, the validation of which is ongoing.


ABSTRACT The Chinese government has developed a complicated online censorship regime targeting various media with diversified techniques. Prior literature has argued that the censorship system enjoys general support in China. However, how Chinese people perceive heterogeneous online censorship mechanisms and the corresponding censored objects remains unclear. This study focused on two different online censorship mechanisms in China: the Great Fire Wall and citizen reporting. Using survey data collected in China in 2019, we established two path models to investigate the relationships between perceived media effects, attitudes toward online censorship, desire for censored information, and media being surveilled by each censorship mechanism. Our findings have important implications for understanding the complexity and nuances in censorship-related attitudes in China.


The lower valent cations were homogeneously doped in p-type oxide films. The prepared doped oxide systems were Mg-doped α-Cr2O3, Ni-doped α-Cr2O3, and Li-doped NiO. The Mg doping induced a homogeneous mixed valence state of Cr3+ and Cr6+ in the Cr2O3 film, reducing the Mg dopant to the metallic valence state in the Cr2O3 lattice, which is completely different from the powder or single crystalline system. The mixed valence state formation gave rise to a marked chromism. The mixed valence formation and perfect reduction of the lower valent dopants were evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrical conductivity change, and optical absorption. Ni-doped α-Cr2O3 and Li-doped NiO showed similar results. The reduction kinetics of the mixed valence state in the p-type oxide lattice with the aid of the electrical conductivity measurement suggested that the rate-determining step is not the diffusion of oxygen.


This paper discusses the problem of existing protect circuit at the time of eddy current brake power off, introducing new thought and circuit of protect circuit for eddy current brake. Not only AC power off need protection ,but also for any out of control caused by any problems, including AC power power transformer,fuse,commutate circurt,fire circuit,control circuit,driller's control,coil,power cable and control cable.


Reasoning with ontologies is one of the core tasks of research in Description Logics. A variety of reasoners

with highly optimized algorithms have been developed to allow inference tasks on expressive ontology

languages such as OWL (DL). However, unexpected behaviours of reasoner engines is often observed in practice.

Both reasoner time efficiency and result correctness would vary across input ontologies, which is hardly

predictable even for experienced reasoner designers. Seeking for better understanding of reasoner empirical

behaviours, we propose to use supervised machine learning techniques to automatically predict reasoner robustness

from its previous running. For this purpose, we introduced a set of comprehensive ontology features.

We conducted huge body of experiments for 6 well known reasoners and using over 1000 ontologies from the

ORE'2014 corpus. Our learning results show that we could build highly accuracy reasoner robustness predictive

models. Moreover, by interpreting these models, it would be possible to gain insights about particular

ontology features likely to be reasoner robustness degrading factors.


We study all-charm tetraquarks in the front form of Hamiltonian dynamics using the many-body basis function approach known as basis light-front quantization. The model Hamiltonian contains transverse and longitudinal confining potentials and a one-gluon-exchange effective potential. We calculate masses of two-charm-two-anticharm states focusing on the lowest state. We also calculate two-quark and four-quark estimates of meson-meson breakup threshold. The results suggest that the lowest two-charm-two-anticharm state is not a tightly bound tetraquark. We discuss implications of the cluster decomposition principle for theories formulated on the light front and present our treatment of identical particles together with color-singlet restrictions on the space of quantum states.


The Regional Rail Link (RRL) Project involves the construction of new regional tracks from Southern Cross Station in Melbourne, through to Sunshine then west to Werribee. Within the Footscray to Deer Park section of the project, major pedestrian bridge works were undertaken at Nicholson Street and HV McKay Reserve to replace existing bridges by new structure spanning across the enlarged rail corridor. This section of the works was delivered by an alliance consisting of Balfour Beatty, Metro Trains Melbourne, Parsons Brinckerhoff, the Regional Rail Link Authority, Sinclair Knight Merz, Thiess and V/Line. The architectural input for the design was provided by Hassell Studio. This paper focuses on the special design features of these two pedestrian bridges in the brownfield environment, including the impact of installation in an operating rail corridor, limitations in space and operating conditions imposed due to the location of the bridges, aesthetically pleasing design and the dynamic analysis involved in the design.


The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens posed a major threat to human health because of abuses or misuse of antibiotics.Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) as starter cultures or probiotics were widely used in the production of fermented food and silage processes,and have acquired a "generally recognized as safe"(GRAS) status.However,recently it was demonstrated that antibiotic resistance genes from food-associated LAB strains were highly identical with those of pathogens,suggesting that LAB have the potential to serve as a host of antibiotic resistance genes with the risk of transferring the genes in commensal or pathogens in the intestinal gut.Antibiotic resistance genes were divided into intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance based on their transferability.Acquired resistance genes were often encoded by conjugative plasmids or conjugative transposons,which could enter into gastrointestinal tract through the consumption of fermented foods,and then transferred to the indigenous microflora and pathogens,furthermore resulted in the disease.This review will focus on the mechanism of resistance,detecting methods of antimicrobial susceptibility and gene horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in food-associated LAB.


There are so many tools and equipment involved in agricultural activity from land preparation, sowing, harvesting to storage of agricultural produce. Weeding is an important but equally labour intensive agricultural unit operation. Earlier, weeding was mostly done by hand where lot of energy was expended. In addition to this during these activities operators have to adopt bending and squatting body posture due to which their physiological workload increases and also they face many types of musco-skeletal problems as a result of which the efficiency to work decreases to a great extent. Therefore now tools for mechanical weeding are in use which make its simple and required less energy. Behera and Swain (2005) reported that manually operated weeders have found acceptability due to their low cost.

https://www.ijcmas.com/7-2-2018/Kumari Chanchala Priya, et al.pdf


Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in glioblastoma (GBM) management. A continued and unmet need in neuro-oncology is efficient non-invasive methods to differentiate post-radiation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes from progressive disease (PD) in GBM patients. The clinical challenge is two-sided; avoid termination of effective therapy in case of pseudoprogression (PsP) and continuation of ineffective therapy in case of PD. We retrospectively assessed incidence, management, prognostic impact, and associated factors with PsP in a real-world GBM patient cohort.

 Adult (≥18 years) GBM patients diagnosed in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway from 2015 to 2018, had received radiotherapy, and follow-up MRIs were included. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were analyzed in relationship to re-evaluated MRI examinations at three and six months post-radiation using response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria.

 PsP incidences at three and six months post-radiation were 20% and 8%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter and absence of neurological deterioration were associated with PsP at both three (p<0.001 and p=0.04, respectively) and six months (p=0.003 and p=0.04, respectively) post-radiation. Patients with PsP at MRI three months post-radiation had a median OS of 24.8 months compared to 11.4 months for patients with PD and 18.7 months in patients with stable disease (SD); the difference was significant only when comparing patients with PsP and PD (p<0.001). There was no survival benefit of treatment change for patients retrospectively evaluated as PD three months post-radiation (p=0.8). Median OS for patients in the PsP group was 31.8 months and thus longer than in the PD group (13.1 months) and the SD group (24.1 months). The difference was only significant when comparing patients with PsP and PD (p<0.001).

 PsP incidence in this retrospective material was similar to previous reports. In addition to the previously described correlation of methylated MGMT promoter with PsP, we also found that the absence of neurological deterioration significantly correlated to PsP. Continuation of temozolomide courses did not compromise survival for patients with PD at three months post-radiation; therefore, we recommend continuing adjuvant temozolomide courses in case of inconclusive MRI findings.
 Funding: European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme European Research Council Grant 758657-ImPRESS.


Aiming at the problem of low accuracy and poor safety of traditional piston contact detection, a multi-parameter geometric measurement system of piston based on laser projection is proposed in this paper. Based on the principle of parallel light column projection imaging, a mechanical structure, such as motion control based on board card, was designed to realize multi-parameter non-contact detection of piston ring groove width, ring groove depth and ring groove inclination. Through the experimental study, the size tolerance of piston ring groove is about 0.02 mm, and the angle tolerance is about 0.2 degree, also the error analysis of the whole measuring system is carried out. The results show that it is feasible to detect the multi-parameter geometry of piston ring groove by laser projection principle, and it can simplify the step of piston detection, ensure the detection accuracy and improve the efficiency.


This study aimed to identify the possibility of the application of six sigma in drug manufacturing companies in republic of Yemen (survey study for some drug manufacturing companies in Yemen) Modern & Globalpharma. This study focused on five basic elements to determined availability of Six Sigma application requirements: (availability of strategy for continuous improvement of quality, supporting and concerning the top management, availability of human resource for applying of six sigma, applying the updated quality control &assurance system, the suitability of information system) while the last element focused on identifying the obstacles six sigma application.To achieve the objectives of the study the researcher developed questionnaire and distributed to study samples which comprised most of top and middle management employees, supervisor in operation management systems, and some of production employees who concerned about the quality issues in the factory. The study samples numbers were (125) persons and percentage of samples from this study community is (26%)whereas the numbers of returned questionnaires were (105) which present (84%) from samples. Three questionnaire have been taken out because they were applicable for the statistical analysis so the final numbers of analytical questionnaires were (102) which present (81.6%) from study samples. The researcher uses some of statistical methods such as average, standard deviation, SPSS. Depending on the previous  analytical methods the researcher have concluded some results and the most three essential ones are as the following:Availability of most six sigma application requirements in the two companies, Modern & Global Pharma, with high degree except human resources which get middle degree.Availability of six sigma obstacles by high degree more than other six sigmaapplication requirements.


In the context of the current debate on NATO's new strategic concept, the question of the role of space for the Alliance has become an issue. In Europe, space is increasingly used as a supportive tool for providing security. In a similar vein, NATO's "Allied Joint Doctrine for Air and Space Operations" highlights the potential of space assets in achieving the Alliance's security objectives. At the same time, the increasing reliance on space capabilities by the military, civil and commercial sectors also increases the likelihood of potential adversaries threatening space assets. Thus, if NATO wants to achieve the optimal level of support from space, all space capabilities and systems, as well as the means to protect them, should be integrated into future military planning. In the light of the debate on NATO's strategic concept, the objective of this paper is twofold: first, to demonstrate the usefulness of space applications to NATO's security objectives, drawing on the example of maritime surveillance ("space as a force enabler"); and second, to indicate the possible vulnerabilities of space applications ("space as the next high ground") without promoting an arms race in space. Space applications cannot be left aside when discussing the Alliance's future and Europe should take an active part in this debate, in order to safeguard its interests.


Foreword. Riley D. Hou~ewright Introduction. Colin M. MacLeod Mobilization of Defensive Cells in Inf lammatory Tissue. Henry Harris Fever as a Mechanism of Resistance. Ivan L. Bennett, Jr., and Anthony Nicastri Influence of Irradiat ion on Resistance to Infection. Baruj Benecerraf Phagocytosis, with Particular Reference to Encapsulated Bacteria. W. Barry Wood, Jr. Host Mechanisms which Act to Remove Bacteria from the Blood Stream. David E. Rogers Cellular I m m u n i t y . Sanford S. Elberg Relation of Cell Metabol ism to Infection with Rickettsial and Bacterial Agents. Zanvil A. Cohn Antibacterial S y s t e m s of Serum in Relation to Nonspecific I m m u n i t y to Infection. Derrick Rowley Host-Parasi te Relat ionships in Pat ien ts with Dysproteinemias. Robert A. Good, Robert A. Bridges, and Richard M. Condie Antimicrobial Factors in Tissues and Phagocytic Cells. James G. Hirseh Serum and Tissue Inhibi tors of Virus. Harold S. Ginsberg Viral Interference. Some Considerations of Basic Mechanisms and Their Potential Relationship to Hos t Resistance. Robert R. Wagner Bacterial Interference. David W. Henderson Hormones and Hos t Resistance to Infection. Edward H. Kass Nutri t ional Factors in Host Resistance. Howard A. Schneider Genetic Effects in Nonspecific Resistance to Infectious Disease. John W. Gowen


Securities fraud is a common offence in stock market and of course also a key-point object to crack down on in the economic field-Directed against the current controversy over Issues concerning securities fraud among academic circles, this paper is of opinion that securities fraud in the forms of securities indiscipline and offence is a civil trespass against which legislative bodies should promulgate acts or decrees to provide all-inclusive forms of legal liability and especially should improve on the system of civil liability.


Results from a field program to collect data for the evaluation of alternative collection-well design parameters for the hydraulic containment and removal of dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPL) and aqueous-phase liquids (APL) are described. The Cooper-Jacob method is utilized to estimate the aquifer transmissivity and storage coefficient. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity and permeability from drawdown data for DNAPL and APL are derived to indicate how the relationships from fluids principles may be successfully employed for the design of recovery systems. The diameter of the pumping-well casing or borehole is shown to not influence the long-term volume of DNAPL that can be pumped. Large-diameter wells are found to take longer to equilibrate and allow intermittent but high-volume pumping for short durations. With small-diameter wells, a larger drawdown is obtained for the same pumping rate, and this collects more APL; but the small-diameter well creates a larger gradient and thus more incentive to move the DNAPL for recovery.


We thank Drs Rossotti, Puoti, and colleagues for further reasoning on the electrophysiological effects of sofosbuvir for hepatitis C. Indeed, they analyze 2 important variables that we did not assess in our study,1 namely antiretroviral therapy for HIV coinfection and liver cirrhosis. None of our patients had HIV coinfection, but many had cirrhosis, a condition that can affect both cardiac electrical parameters and drug metabolism. A high frequency of mostly nonsignificant electrophysiological abnormalities occurs in patients with cirrhosis, including chronotropic incompetence, electromechanical uncoupling, and QT interval prolongation progressing from Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) stage A to C.2 We therefore analyzed QTc duration in 18 cirrhotic and 8 noncirrhotic advanced fibrosis (F3) patients, all treated with sofosbuvir-based regimens. At week 1 of therapy, cirrhotic patients had no significant variation of QTc values compared with baseline (431.2 milliseconds vs 424.3 milliseconds, P = .480). Similar results were observed comparing QTc changes at week 4 (422.7 milliseconds vs 424.3 milliseconds at baseline, P = .554). When the same analysis was performed in CPT A patients (n = 15), the results were similar: 423.3 milliseconds at baseline, 429.9 milliseconds at week 1 and 421.5 milliseconds at week 4 (T0 to TW1 P = .575; T0 to TW4 P = .826). F3 patients similarly showed stable QTc values (424.4, 430.8, and 423.5 milliseconds at baseline, week 1, and week 4, respectively; T0 to TW1 P = .463; T0 to TW4 P = .161). Results confirm the overall conclusions of our study. We did not perform the same analysis in the CPT B group, due to the small number of patients (N = 3). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of sofosbuvir given at 400 mg/day increased after 7 days of dosing by 126% and 143% in CPT B and CPT C patients, respectively, consistent with a potentially stronger electrophysiological effect. However, there are other conditions that can influence AUC. In patients with mild or moderate renal insufficiency, sofosbuvir AUC values were elevated by 61% and 107%, respectively, compared to controls.3 In this setting, sofosbuvir has demonstrated a favorable safety profile that did not appear to contribute any additional significant toxicity. Furthermore, no clinically significant electrocardiogram abnormalities and no meaningful changes in Fridericia-corrected QT intervals were observed in patients with a glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min, although AUC increased by 171%.4 In light of the common occurrence of renal functional impairment in HIV infection, results of Rossotti et al in this specific clinical setting could be explained by the double effect of liver and kidney impairment. Accordingly, we further assessed the influence of renal function on QTc duration. We divided sofosbuvirtreated patients in 2 groups according to the median value of the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Comparing patients with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate values with those showing lower estimated glomerular filtration rate levels, we found no significant differences in QTc duration in either of the 2 groups from baseline to week 1 or week 4 (Figure 1). In conclusion, with the given number of subjects studied, we could not find any association between the stage of liver disease or the degree of renal functional impairment and QTc changes in hepatitis C virus patients treated with sofosbuvir. These findings further support the cardiovascular safety of this drug in the absence of amiodarone coadministration.


Research progress of separation,purification and determination of soybean phosphatidylipositol(PI)were reviewed in this paper.The applications of PI in chromogenic medium for Listeria monocytogenes were introduced.And the problems and future research directions in the field were pointed out.


Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes constructed by a sparse parity-check matrix are of very fast encoding and decoding algorithms. Another kind of codes, which improved the well-known Gilbert-Varshamov bound, are algebraic geometry codes (Goppa geometry codes) from algebraic curves over finite fields. In the note, we analyze their characteristic of the two class of codes and show that the algebraic geometric codes are seldom LDPC codes.


The role of intermediate nonluminescent states in the relaxation of singlet excitons in the conjugated polymer poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and its soluble derivative poly[(2-methoxy-5-hexyloxy-p-phenylene) vinylene] (MH-PPV) is investigated. Time-resolved luminescence and absorption measurements provide evidence for a long-lived, weakly emissive species in PPV at 17 K, in addition to the luminescent singlet state. Ground state recovery times at this temperature provide evidence that up to 40% of the initially excited chromophores end up in a state that does not relax back to the ground state on the 5 ns time scale of the experiment. As the temperature is raised from 17 K to 290 K, the redshifted emission disappears, the fluorescence decay becomes more rapid, and the magnitude of the long-time bleach decreases. These results can be understood in terms of a three-level model where the initially excited singlet state decays nonradiatively via two separate channels: thermally-activated direct relaxation to...


Collaborative working explores the influence of agency through the role of individual actors in collaborative working processes, known as boundary spanners.


The level of ongoing HIV-1 replication within an individual is critical to HIV-1 pathogenesis. Among host immune factors, the cytokine TNF-α has previously been shown to increase HIV-1 replication in various monocyte and T cell model systems. Here, we demonstrate that signaling through the TNF receptor family member, the lymphotoxin-β (LT-β) receptor (LT-βR), also regulates HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, HIV-1 replication is cooperatively stimulated when the distinct LT-βR and TNF receptor systems are simultaneously engaged by their specific ligands. Moreover, in a physiological coculture cellular assay system, we show that membrane-bound TNF-α and LT-α1β2 act virtually identically to their soluble forms in the regulation of HIV-1 replication. Thus, cosignaling via the LT-β and TNF-α receptors is probably involved in the modulation of HIV-1 replication and the subsequent determination of HIV-1 viral burden in monocytes. Intriguingly, surface expression of LT-α1β2 is up-regulated on a T cell line acutely infected with HIV-1, suggesting a positive feedback loop between HIV-1 infection, LT-α1β2 expression, and HIV-1 replication. Given the critical role that LT-α1β2 plays in lymphoid architecture, we speculate that LT-α1β2 may be involved in HIV-associated abnormalities of the lymphoid organs.


The aim of this study was to present two patients with lower limb
 posttraumatic angular deformity treated by dynamic hinged external fixation.
 CD-V mode Mitkovic type external fixator had been used in both cases for
 correction of these deformities. The method is based on hemicallotasis - bone
 callus distraction after a partial transversal bone cut (hemocorticotomy).
 The first patient had varus-recurvatum posttraumatic deformity of the ankle
 joint. Operation time was 65 min and hospital stay was 9 days. Superficial
 pin-track infection was resolved by the pin removal and by daily wound
 toilette. The second patient had varus-antecurvatum malunion deformity of
 the femoral diaphysis. Operation time was 50 min and hospital stay was 6
 days. Mild knee contracture had been successfully treated by physical
 therapy. Angular deformity correction had been performed by distraction (for
 the first patient) and compression (for the second patient) in the fixator
 frame. Hemicallotasis of femur or tibia using CD-V mode Mitkovic type
 external fixator is a good alternative in the treatment of posttraumatic
 lower limb angular deformities, providing minimal surgical trauma and maximal
 use of the bone osteogenetic capacity. Gradual compression or distraction in
 the fixator frame allows to perform accurate angular correction in both
 coronal and sagital plane in one act. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
 Srbije, br. III41017: Virtual human osteoarticular system and its application
 in preclinical and clinical practice]


As explained in the Qur'an in general on prayer as well as in respect of zakat, Al-Qur'an does not explain in detail about the rate, nisab, the type of property that is subject to zakat and conditions of zakat but it can be clearly understood by the Hadith of the Prophet S.A.W. However, the Quran states clearly that zakat should be distributed to the eight specific recipients. Asnaf poor and needy urgently need fund in education because it is one of the most important aid to them because as important ticket that could change their lives and remove these people from poverty. So the zakat institutions must actively play a role in distributing zakat funds in the form of education to the recipients in Puncak Alam. Therefore, this research is aimed to identify the roles and contributions of zakat institution in helping the needy students. Some groups of students in
UiTM Puncak Alam who have financial problems to continue their studies at universities can apply the zakat education to meet and fulfill their needs. This research also focused to review the effectiveness of zakat institution to university students with financial difficulties can complete
their studies at UiTM Puncak Alam.


The main objective of this study was to find participant"s recognition about and meaning of stream trekking activities by analyzing their reports after visiting Gumgang, which was a kind of field experience combined with environmental education programs, In addition, this work suggested a few points that might help improve trekking programs, trail establishment and the overall field activities along the river. Eighty reports were collected from the participants who had joined in the Gumgang trekking programs organized by both Green Korea United in Daejeon and Gumgang Basin Environmental Office of Korean EPA. A database of texts in the reports was created for the preliminary analysis and then the results were further examined in a qualitative methodology. The results of qualitative analysis demonstrated that before experiencing the trekking activities in the Gumgang, many participants seemed uninterested in a river itself, objectified it, or simply recognized functional roles. It is found that most participants preferred crossing rapids to other activities. Crossing rapids has the eleven positive aspects as follows. First of all, crossing rapids is fun and scary experience at the same time. Secondly, it is painful, but makes people feel happy ironically. Third, rapids themselves make people reminisce about their childhood and feel freedom. Fourth, they make people feel comfortable. Fifth, crossing rapids is addictive. Sixth, rapids have life. Seventh, people can learn how to adapt to nature through the experience in them. Eighth, they can make people cooperate. Ninth, they can make people recollect their old friends. Tenth, people can extend their experience near rapids to rivers. Eleventh, they can make people reflect themselves. There ere three remarkable findings about experience in rapids. Crossing rapids was an activity that most participants preferred and could make the goal of trekking in the Gumgang effectively achievable. By crossing rapids participants can understand both lively and painful parts of the river. Participants think tour guide was an essential part to trekking along the Gumgang.


INTRODUCTIONThe role of diversity in U.S. media-and, indeed in higher education-has gained increasing prominence in the past few decades. More and more, both the media and journalism/mass communication programs have recognized the need for attention to the total communities they serve, including groups that statistically are minorities in the total population. This study seeks to assess the impact of such recognition on instruction provided by U.S. journalism/mass communication programs as they train the students who will become the next generation of professionals.The main goals of this research, therefore, are to understand how U.S. journalism and mass communication programs teach diversity, including what they teach about diversity, whether they offer separate courses or include diversity in regular classes, and how they assess the learning outcomes of diversity instruction.Previous studies on the state of diversity education in journalism/mass communication programs analyzed the impact of the diversity standard put forth by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (ACEJMC), the content of diversity-related courses offered in accredited programs, the enrollment in diversity-related courses and the level at which such courses are offered (Biswas & Izard, 2010; Bressers, 2002; Kern-Foxworth & Miller, 1991; Ross & Patton, 2000). These projects did not always provide comparative analyses between accredited and non-accredited programs. But some few results indicate that, in fact, many non-accredited programs offer similar diversity curricula or even more diversity content than some accredited programs (Biswas & Izard, 2010; Endres & Lueck, 1998).As was the case in some other previous studies, research included in this paper explores the content and the nature of diversity-related courses in journalism and communication programs. In addition, this study seeks to explore the assessment of learning outcomes in diversity-related courses and to examine relationships (a) between a program's offering of a diversity course and its preference for approaches to teaching diversity and (b) between the program's offering of a diversity course and its willingness to offer new courses on diversity.LITERATURE REVIEWImportance of Diversity in Journalism/Mass Communication EducationThe Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (ACEJMC) stresses the importance of incorporating content on both domestic diversity and global culture into the curriculum. The ACEJMC accreditation standards give priority to "diversity and inclusiveness" in accrediting a program, stressing the need for a diversity plan to achieve an inclusive curriculum and for a program to recruit and retain a diverse faculty and student body (ACEJMC, 2013). The first two indicators of Standard 3 (Diversity and Inclusiveness) focus on development of such a plan that demonstrates incorporation of domestic and global diversity topics in the curriculum:(a) The unit has a written diversity plan for achieving an inclusive curriculum, a diverse faculty and student population, and a supportive climate for working and learning and for assessing progress toward achievement of the plan. The diversity plan should focus on domestic minority groups and, where applicable, international groups. The written plan must include the unit's definition of diversity and identify the under-represented groups.(b) The unit's curriculum fosters understanding of issues and perspectives that are inclusive in terms of domestic concerns about gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. The unit's curriculum includes instruction in issues and perspectives relating to mass communications across diverse cultures in a global society. (ACEJMC, 2013, para. 1-2)Research findings recognized the role of the accreditation organization's diversity standard in the development of courses about women and non-whites in journalism and mass communication (Ross, Stroman, Callahan et al. …


The purposes of this paper are twofold. At one level, it analyzes emerging trends on trans-Pacific air routes with respect to the supply of and demand for air service. Beyond this, hovwever, the purpose is to identify the agents of change reshaping air services in Pacific Basin. Specifically, the role of bilateral agreements in reshaping air service in the basin is evaluated.


A comparatively simple procedure was developed for measuring the impedance representation of a wave‐guide obstacle. The Smith chart location of the impedance representation of the obstacle is derived from voltage measurements at two fixed probe positions. This technique was applied to the case of a thin inductive post of indium antimonide at 77°K. The electrical properties of the post material were inferred from the impedance using the concepts of Part I. Large impedance charges attributable to the pinch effect agreed with theoretical predictions over a small range of applied electric field values.


The aim of this contribution is the study of the concept of primae intentiones according to the Breton tomist Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323), through the analysis of his Tractatus de secundis intentionibus. In this text, the Breton inherits the theory of knowledge of Thomas Aquinas to re–elaborate it in the light of the concept of intentio, making the Tractatus the first work in which the theory of intentionality is exposed in a unitary way. This paper will examine the first part of this theory, in which Hervaeus theorizes the primae intentiones as a medium by which an object of the world is known and 'passes' into the intellect of a knowing subject, to analyse its originality.


Uncaria gambir leaves water extract containg tannin polyphenol compounds which are efficacious as antioxidant. The solid lipid microparticles formulation containing the leaves extract of Uncaria gambir arms to increase penetration through the stratum corneum membrane. Solid lipid microparticles were formulated using Design Expert®10 Program containing tween 80, as well as variation of manufacture temperature, and stirring rate as factor. Effect of each factor and interaction was observed based on response of EE, pH, decrease in stability level,as well as the hedonic test. Results from the responses were than analyzed using DX®10 to obtain from optimum formula with results into tween 80 concentration of 0.773 mL, manufacture temperatured of 75°C and stirring speed of 1500 rpm. Unit to this the tween 80 factors you can be the leated because this is not in reliation to the results. From the optimum formula were than analyzed for the same responses as well as addition of diffusion analysis and the morphological as well as the interaction chemical interaction of the formula. From the analysis of characterisation particles we can see it obtain the size of the particles is 3.5 μm and than the EE is 79.833 ± 0.0109, the PDI is 0.289 and the zeta potential is -24.6 mV. Stability test was condacted using the heating cooling cycle method using with 6 cycle observed. From the results it is show the formula was stable with around 30.799 ± 0.046% as unit to put in the percentage of the decrease in active compound. Diffusion analysis was condacted using Franz diffusion model compare with the pure extract for 8 hours. The diffusion result of the solid lipid microparticles compare with the pure extract show that higher difuse percentage of 9.6302 ±
10.7207% was observed in the formula compare to 2.673 ± 0.3489% in the pure extract. This result indicated higher diffusion the formula was able to fasilited the formula for the higher diffuse percentage. Compartment analysis was observed using WinSAAM® which resulting into a lag compartmental model with correlation between the Qo and the Qc <0.05. The optimum formula show positive results on qualitative analysis of DPPH with TLC. Interaction analysis using FTIR show not chemical interaction between the formula as well as the placebo and the active ingeration in the extrac which indicated there formula is stable and has produced
no chemical interaction between the compounds and the formula. The viscosity analysis was 2 cPs similar to viscosity of water. This summary the solid lipid microparticles can encapsulate and can be a vesicle of Uncaria gambir with stable and favourable properties.


The recently passed European Directive on the Protection of Personal Data aims to harmonize European data protection law at a higher level of protection than exists now. It represents a European consensus on a standard for personal privacy and a model for countries without data protection laws. The protracted process for agreement and ratification, however, has produced a document with many derogations and ambiguities, reflecting the wider moves towards ''subsidiarity'' within the European Union. Of concern to North America is the stipulation that transborder data flow may not be permitted unless the receiving country can demonstrate an ''adequate'' level of protection. While the process through which this provision will be interpreted and applied is so far found to be complicated and unclear, nevertheless European authorities will be reluctant to tolerate ''data havens,'' a fact that should concern North American business that relies on the unimpeded flows of personal data from and to Europe. Neither Can...


Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is linked to skin cancer. Children are more vulnerable to UV harmful effects compared to adults. Children's active involvement in using Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect and analyze real-time UV radiation data is suggested to increase their awareness of UV protection. This quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group study implemented light sensors in a STEM inquiry-based learning environment focusing on UV radiation and protection in primary education. This exploratory, small-scale study investigated the effect of a STEM environment implementing IoT devices on 6th graders' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about UV radiation and protection. Participants were 31 primary school students. Experimental group participants (n = 15) attended four eighty-minute inquiry-based lessons on UV radiation and protection and used sensors to measure and analyze UV radiation in their school. Data sources included questionnaires on UV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors administered pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant learning gains were found only for the experimental group (t14 = −3.64, p = 0.003). A statistically significant positive behavioral change was reported for experimental group participants six weeks post-intervention. The study adds empirical evidence suggesting the value of real-time data-driven approaches implementing IoT devices to positively influence students' knowledge and behaviors related to socio-scientific problems affecting their health.


Assessment is one type of action in interaction. It is very common, as it can appear in any conversation and context. The term assessment broadly covers any evaluative action in interaction. The simplest form of assessment contains an assessable (entity or reference being evaluated) and an assessment (the evaluation towards the assessable). The current study is a preliminary study which explores the multimodal structure of assessment in Indonesian conversation. The method employed is Conversation Analysis. The data is taken from 6 hours of video recorded naturally occurring Indonesian conversation, involving a different number of participants. The current analysis suggests that assessment is a two-steps action which involves firstly the orientation to a focal point, and subsequently the production or display of evaluation towards that focal point. Evaluation can be produced verbally, displayed through non-verbal means, or a combination of the two. The non-verbal evaluation may be produced early in the turn, almost concurrent with the production of the assessable, which is earlier than its verbal counterpart. The current study adds to our understanding of the multimodal structure of conversational interaction, especially on conversational Indonesian, a language variety widely used in Indonesian society, yet receives very limited research attention.


The electrodeposition mechanism of antimony(Ⅲ) in H2SO4-NH4F-SbF3 electrolyte system has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and stable polarization.It is concluded that antimony(Ⅲ) could be reduced to antimony metal via two-steps irreversible electron transfer process in which the electron transfer number of two steps are n1=1 and n2=2.It has also been shown that first electron transfer reaction is the rate controlling step and the trivalent antimony complex undergoes chemical transformation reaction before its reduction in the cathode.The transfer coefficients at various temperatures which are 0.130(25℃),0.127(30℃),0.123(35℃),0.123(40℃),0.119(45℃)have been calculated respectively by analysis of cyclic voltammetry curve.Analysis results of stable polarization shows that exchange current densitys of two electron transfer steps are i01,c=286.583,i02,c=1.780×106 and the apparent activation energys are E1=22.181 kJ/mol,E2=15.752 kJ/mol.The electro-active complex which is SbF2+ ions has been determined by electrochemical progression method.


Nuljae Park Sang, a poet of the middle period of Joseon Dynasty, made many literary achievements. He is considered as one of the Four Great Writers along with Seong, Hun, Shin, Geong-Han, and Hwang, Jung-Wook since Seo, Geo-Jung. The most innovative events in his life were presented as follows:First...


A method for controlling the coil current, a magneto-inductive flow meter with an overvoltage U A setting a first switching point for the current I B applying a surge U C switching from the overvoltage U and a magneto-inductive flowmeter.


Objective To analyze the causes of postoperative complications of Mesh plug hernia repair for inguinal hernia and further improve the effectiveness.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 106 patients who had mesh-plug in tension-free inguinal hernia repair.Results The surgery was successful in the 106 patients with a follow-up of 6 to 24 months.Totally 18 cases of urinary retention,3 cases of hydrocele or hematoscheocele of scrotum,6 cases of residual hernial sac edema,one case of liquefaction of subcutaneous tissue,2 cases of wound infection,3 cases of groin foreign body sensation,and one case of recurrence were observed after operation.Conclusions The Mesh Plug tension-free inguinal hernioplasty is the appropriate for groin hernia repair.The key for avoid operation complications included comprehensive preioperative period management,standard operation,and appropriate surgical repair accessories.


The DEHub Virtual Worlds Working Group (VWWG) consists of Australian and New Zealand higher education academics investigating the role that virtual worlds (VWs) play in the future of education. A sub group of the VWWG that includes Higher Degree Research (HDR) students and supervisors have been meeting regularly in the VW of second life. Many of these HDR students are the only student within their institution researching VWs. In many ways they lack the peer support that is so important to facilitate an expedient and successful completion of PhD candidates' dissertations. Through the regular VW meetings the HDR VW group have overcome the isolation of working alone and have developed a strong collegial network that extends beyond their individual institutions. These students and supervisors represent a cross section of researchers who are using VWs as a vital resource for their investigations, collegial networking and student-supervisor communication. Meeting with like-minded HDR students has facilitated a range of opinions and debate in relation to supervisor roles, methodologies, VW skills and research techniques.


. We discuss the origin of hot hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars. Evidence is growing that the "born-again AGB star scenario" as a consequence of a late He shell flash cannot explain the diverse observations. Analyses of the stars and their associated planetary nebulae suggest that the H-deficiency is not formed during the second post-AGB phase but already while the star is still on the AGB. There are even hints that the H-deficiency can occur before the first departure from the AGB.


Four groups of college students first learned two paired-associate lists. Two experimental groups were asked to predict the likelihood that the response term of each pair would be recalled on the final test trial; learning either involved alternating study and test trials or only study trials before the prediction task. For the two control groups, the prediction task was omitted. All four groups then learned a third list without test trials and made judgments of knowing for items in this list. Subjects who had received test trials showed consistently higher prediction accuracy on the first two lists but their accuracy decreased on the third list when test trials were absent. A major source of facilitation produced by the opportunity for retrieval practice was traced to subjects' knowledge of their previous recall performance.


Due to the volatility caused by the high uncertainty of renewable energy, the large-scale integration of renewable energy into the electric power grid brings huge challenges to the scheduling and operation of the electric power system. Effective power prediction of power source can not only relieve the pressure of power system peaking and frequency regulation, but also improve the accuracy of decision-making. So as to make the most of the information between wind and photovoltaic power source, this paper puts forward a wind-PV joint power forecasting model. First, the raw power data is pre-screened by clustering to select the closer connection between wind and PV power; next, the screened data are passed through the upper CNN structure respectively after pre-processed. Then, the outputs from CNN modules are fed together into the prediction layer, which include LSTM layers and fully connected layers. Finally, the proposed wind-PV joint prediction model is verified by simulation experiments.


The utility model relates to the technical field of mobile phone cover plates, in particular to a non-frame mobile phone plastic cover plate cutting die. The non-frame mobile phone plastic cover plate cutting die aims at achieving the technical purposes that a mobile phone cover plate is directly formed after being cut, polishing is not needed, the machining cost is low and the production efficiency is high. The non-frame mobile phone plastic cover plate cutting die is provided for achieving the technical purposes and comprises a male die, a female die, a rough cutting edge, an intermediate cutting edge and a precise cutting edge, three steps are arranged on the inner wall of the female die, the rough cutting edge is arranged on the step on the outmost side, the intermediate cutting edge is arranged on the middle step, and the precise cutting edge is arranged on the step on the innermost side. The non-frame mobile phone plastic cover plate cutting die overcomes the defects that after an existing mobile phone cover plate is cut, the processes of deburring and polishing are still needed, the machining cost is high, and the production efficiency is low, and the non-frame mobile phone plastic cover plate cutting die has the advantages that the mobile phone cover plate is directly formed after being cut, polishing is not needed, the machining cost is low and the production efficiency is high.


Abstract Contract is one of the key tools liberal law employs in the service of its core mission of enhancing people's autonomy, and choice theory conceptualizes this task as contract's telos. It thus prescribes three principles – proactive facilitation, regard for the future self, and relational justice – for guiding the legal constitution of contract law in all spheres of human interaction. Spousal contracts are no exception. Thus, the law governing intimate agreements both allows people to adjust the default rules governing their marital estates and provides people off-the-shelf options for structuring their interpersonal interaction as spouses. In turn, the law of marital contracts ensures that free exit from marriage is, as it should be, immutable. Finally, relational justice guides, albeit still imperfectly, both law's normative defaults for marital contracts and the rules that govern premarital, marital, and cohabitation agreements.


Novel acrylic-silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives self-adhesives tapes have been reported. For tape preparation acrylic and silicone resin solvents in toluene have been used. Obtained tape were subjected physicochemical test (adhesion, cohesion, tack) in order to determine their properties. Using UV-curable acrylic resin in composition allows the UV-cross linking technology in non-UV-reactive silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives. Silicone-acrylate compositions have shown to improve the cohesive properties at elevated temperatures (over 72 h), while a slight reduction in adhesion and tack. This suggests that the relatively cheaper than silicone adhesives received the compositions may in the future replace the acrylate adhesives.


ABSTRACT The paper presents some basic concepts of linear and non linear fracture mechanics, for the study of the brittle failure of natural and man-made materials. Some typical aspects related to rocks are particularly addressed, such as the behaviour of cracks in compression. Resort to numerical techniques for the analysis of cracked rock structures proves necessary because of the geometrical complexity of most application problems. The BEM technique of the Displacement Discontinuity Method (DDM) is then proposed for the linear elastic analysis of open and closed cracks in tensile and compressive stress fields (tensile and induced-tensile propagation), and the non-linear analysis of shear propagation. The possibility of application of the numerical techniques to the simulation of real cases of failure in rock are shown through the description of two cases of application.


This study examined the role of selfdiscrepancies and sociotropy as vulnerability markers in clinical depression. Clinically depressed subjects a = 20), remitted subjects a = 20), and never-before depressed controls (B = 20) were compared. Analysis of variance indicated that depressed and remitted prhcipants exhibited significantly higher levels of sociotropy than control subjects. Remitted and depressed subjects were not significantly different on this variable. Depressed participants also h b i t e d significantly hlgher levels of actual-ideal discrepancies than both remilted subjects and controls. Remitted subjects, however, &d not exhibit significantly higher levels of actual-ideal discrepancies than controls. Analysis of covariance indicated that, when depressed mood was controlled for, depressed and remitted subjects did not exhibit significantly higher levels of sociotropy and actual-ideal discrepancies than controls. Finally, sociotropy and actual-ideal dwrepancies were hypothesized to predict hstory of depression. Regression analysis indicated that h s prediction was not supported by the results. This study provides partial support regardmg the ability of sociotropy and actual-ideal discrepancies to distinguish between individuals who are vulnerable to depression and those who are


It is noted that grain farmers on the prairies could be more efficient with an adoption of certain techniques and technologies which could reduce their inputs by as much as one half. This change to new technologies will take time and will proceed in a progressive step-by-step fashion. Computers and tractor positioning technology are the key elements to this change. The author speculates on the sequence of these changes that will introduce automatic field operations and their subsequent impact.<<ETX>>


By structuring the graded hierarchical structure of appraisement index system of environmental protection effect and using analytical hierarchy process(AHP),in this paper an integrated appraisement system of environmental protection effect in Shaanxi Province is developed.On which the present situation and protection of the aqueous environment,atmospheric environment,sound environment and entironment as well as the solid waste reduction in Shaanxi Province since implementing the program of great development in west China are appraised based on eliminating the influence of the basic data dimensions and designing the standardizing principles.The results show that environmental quality in Shaanxi Province is proved to some extent,the aqueous environment,sound environment and entironment are protected in varying degrees,the amount of solid wastes is reduced,but the atmospheric environmental protection is not paid enough attention to and even decreased to some extent.Therefore,it is suggested to harmonize the economic development and the environmental protection and improve the entironment in developing urbanization and economy in Shaanxi Province in the future,and it is also suggested to standardize the statistical data so as to eliminate the influence of nonstandard data in analyzing and appraising the environmental protection effect.The results also reveal that the AHP is applicable in analyzing and appraising environmental protection.


Recently,in order to improve the oil displacement effect of water flooding and polymer flooding,there has been unfolded effective work in the research of profile modification technique and application of pre-cross linked swellable particulate in domestic oilfield.Aiming at the physical demand in the development of Daqing oilfield,the authors do some researches on the characteristics of some kinds of pre-cross linked swellable particulate in different carrier fluid by making use of the experimental method indoors.The result shows that the category and salinity of carrier fluid and the chemical composition of pre-cross linked swellable particulate are the main factors that affect water intake rate,swelling rate and anti-shear ability of pre-cross linked swellable particulate.The theoretical analysis shows that because of the effect of electrical double layer,the water intake rate and swelling rate become weaker in the produced water carrier fluid,however,the anti-shear ability become stronger.Under the combined effect of electric double layer,intra-molecular cross linking and surface gel of pre-cross linked swellable particulate the water intake rate,swelling rate and anti-shear ability become stronger in the carrier fluid with Al~(3+),Cr~(3+) and composite cross-linked polymer.Under the effect of wrap in the polymer fluid and oil,the water intake rate and swelling rate become weaker while the anti-shear ability become stronger.


The invention discloses selenium-enriched eggplants and a production method thereof. The total selenium content of the selenium-enriched eggplant is 10 to 300mu g/kg, and the organic selenium is more than or equal to 80 percent of the total selenium. The method comprises the following steps of: culturing selenium-enriched eggplant seedlings by using a selenium-enriched eggplant seedling medium; performing transplantation with soil of the seedlings to a field; and finally harvesting the selenium-enriched eggplants, wherein the selenium-enriched eggplant seedling medium comprises a nano selenium plant nutrient, field soil, composted livestock manure, and horse dung or rice bran; and a weight ratio of the nano selenium plant nutrient to the field soil to the composted livestock manure to the horse dung or rice bran is (0.001-0.1):(2-8):(1-4):(1-4).the eggplants are rich in selenium element, and uniform in whole content; and by the method, the ratio of the organic selenium is improved, the problem that the selenium content in the eggplants grown in different batches is not stable in the prior art is solved, the unification of the selenium content in the eggplants is ensured, and the standardized large-scale production can be realized.


Although all existing air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) topologies yield a substrate-independent electrical performance, they rely on dedicated, expensive, laminates to form air-filled regions that contain the electromagnetic fields. This paper proposes a novel substrate-independent AFSIW manufacturing technology, enabling straightforward integration of high-performance microwave components into a wide range of general-purpose commercially available surface materials by means of standard additive (3-D printing) or subtractive (computer numerically controlled milling/laser cutting) manufacturing processes. First, an analytical formula is derived for the effective permittivity and loss tangent of the AFSIW waveguide. This allows the designer to reduce substrate losses to levels typically encountered in high-frequency laminates. Then, several microwave components are designed and fabricated. Measurements of multiple AFSIW waveguides and a four-way power divider/combiner, both relying on a new coaxial-to-air-filled SIW transition, prove that this novel approach yields microwave components suitable for direct integration into everyday surfaces, with low insertion loss, and excellent matching and isolation over the entire [5.15–5.85] GHz band. Hence, this innovative approach paves the way for a new generation of cost-effective, high-performance, and invisibly integrated smart surface systems that efficiently exploit the area and the materials available in everyday objects.


This paper presents a new algorithm for the automated synthesis of pseudo-random test patterns generators for Built-In Self Test schemes with a mixed test mode. The experimental results show an opportunity of using the given method on a design stage of circuits producing. In this paper it is shown that an appropriate selection of test pattern generator can significantly reduce the hardware requirements of deterministic part.


Alliance cliques have been largely neglected in technological alliance studies. In this study we show that cliques offer an interesting angle to analyze differences between firms' innovative performance. We test five hypotheses regarding the relation between clique-membership and the innovative performance of the embedded firms. Our results indicate that clique-membership does enhance a firm's innovative performance, but that not all that glitters is gold for all members of the clique. Significant variations arise from a firms position inside the clique and from its past alliance behavior.


Productivity in construction industry is the ratio of output over resources that determine the outcome of product. LEAN is the principle used by the manufacturing industry to improve their product. This research apply the measuring productivity principle used by the manufacturing industry on machinery to measure the productivity of drainage civil construction activity. Hence, it aims to evaluate the quality of the constructed drainage base on the measured productivity outcomes. In this study, Time Cycle analysis is used to measure the productivity of a backhoe machine used for trench excavation and the labour productivity rate to install the drainage is also measured. Additionally, Cycle Time Tracking & Variance Analysis model are use to analyse the data obtained. The research targets a construction of drainage around Johor Bharu as a case study. The significant of study is to measure the optimum productivity rate of drainage construction. The optimum productivity rate for excavation is 3.59meters per hour with the quality of 4.2 out of 5, while the productivity rate to install the culvert is 8 pieces per hour with the highest quality of 4 out of 5. Productivity measurement can improve the overall construction performance in the construction.


We study the fermion-antifermion bound-state spectrum for heavy quarks and leptons by including the effect of Higgs-boson exchange. We use the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation and the {ital N}/{ital D} method for our calculation. The ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved by using several well-known approximation schemes: the instantaneous approximation, the Blankenbecler-Sugar approximation, and covariant expansion in terms of Tschebeshev polynomials. Our results show that for quark-antiquark systems the Higgs-boson exchange generally dominates over QCD for quark masses larger than 500 GeV, and leads to very deep binding for quark masses in the TeV region. In the absence of the QCD force, as is the case with leptons, we determine the minimum value of the fermion mass needed to form a bound state as a function of the Higgs-boson mass. We further find that tightly bound states where the bound-state masses drop to zero appear for fermion masses between 1 and 1.8 TeV for all the approximations to the Bethe-Salpeter equation that we employed. The {ital N}/{ital D} method also leads to tightly bound states for fermion masses larger than about 1 TeV but does not in general yield zero-mass bound states. The meaning of the tightly bound statesmore » is discussed.« less


Since time immemorial, tropical artisanal hook and line fishers harvest a variety of organisms, such as polychaete, for use in marine bait fishery. However, despite a paucity of reliable documentation, regulation or monitoring, this continued proliferation of this practice precipitates unintended cascades with consequences on wetland resources and ecosystem integrity. Furthermore, lack of appropriate feeds formulations for mariculture has been blamed as a major deterrent to growth of the industry, especially in this region. Notably, the suitability of these organisms as fishing bait, hints at their appropriateness as superior dietary items for marine finfish and crustacea. Consequently, identification of alternative appropriate and sustainable bait sources is critical to sustainable livelihood in the region. Temperate polychaetes, such as Nereids, have been successfully reared on a spinach diet in circulating systems, but appropriate protocols for tropical Eunicid polychaetes, are lacking. This study intended to investigate the efficacy of cultured polychaete (Marphysa mossambica) and other locally available invertebrates, as alternative fishfeed and bait. The polychaetes culture trials were done in intensive and semi-intensive systems, fed on a variety of diets and their survival, growth and recruitment monitored. Polychaetes obtained, were subsequently incorporated into tiger shrimp feed formulation at full and partial replacement and growth performance and survival, compared to commercial feed formulations (~30CP). Similarly, cultured polychaetes were tested for fishing performance by attaching known quantity of cultured bait (polychaete, earthworm, Black Soldier Fly larvae) to hooks and soaking time and landings, compared with wild polychaete. Cultured earthworm and BSF were obtained from adjacent enterprises for use in the current study. Preliminary results obtained show the polychaetes perform poorly under intensive, compared to semi-intensive culture system, where limited recruitment occurred. The poor performance was largely attributed to deterioration in physicochemical conditions in the regimes. Both cultured polychaetes and earthworm, have superior nutritional profile (CP<50, Lipid <3%), compared to most plant based fish meal formulations. Shrimps grown on full polychaete replacement formulation, achieved higher growth (<2.2 g.week) and survival than other formulations. Thus cultured and wild polychaete are superior replacement for locally available feed ingredients. Similarly, cultured polychaete and earthworm were highly attractive to fish (soaking time >3.55 min), achieving comparable landings (<189 g.d), as wild polychaete bait. We recommend that further refining of marine polychaete culture protocols to enhance yield and cost-effectiveness be pursued. Additionally, further evaluation of local earthworm guild for incorporation into multitrophic mariculture systems are also needed.


Aims:  The design and evaluation of an oligonucleotide microarray in order to detect and identify viable bacterial species that play a significant role in beer spoilage. These belong to the species of the genera Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Pediococcus and Pectinatus.


A dual-polarized flat Luneburg lens antenna (FLLA) is designed using reflection cancellation method to improve its gain and bandwidth. First, the performance of conventional Luneburg lens (LL) and flat LL is compared to show that the increased permittivity in the flat LL degenerates the gain due to the severe reflection. During the implementation of flat LL, the reflection cancellation method is applied by adjusting the airgap between layers, so that a high-gain performance is achieved over a wide bandwidth. The designed FLLA is exemplified over 25-35 GHz, and fed by a dual-polarized patch antenna. The measurements show that the impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ -10 dB) is 27.6-32.7 GHz, and its peak gain reaches 18.8 dBi.


Microstructure and precipitates of loose powders and the powder particles on fracture surface of FGH97 P/M super-alloys with different Hf contents were investigated.The results show that there are mainly Nb-,Ti-and Hf-rich MC type carbides in the initial powders,zirconium oxide is also observed in the powders.Hf exists mainly in MC carbides and it can promote the precipitation of stable MC carbides in powders.Adding appropriate Hf is beneficial to elimination of prior particle boundary(PPB) precipitation in the alloy.On powder particles surface,Hf exists in the form of compounds HfC and HfO2,which has adverse effect on PPB when Hf content is greater than 0.60%.


In an effort to understand the removal characteristics of the Great Miami River's (GMR) streambed, the Greater Cincinnati Water Works completed a cooperative Flowpath Study with the United States Geological Survey and Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Twelve monitoring wells were drilled adjacent to the river along two groundwater flowpaths between the river and production wells. Two of those wells were drilled from the top of the riverbank at a 20 to 30 degree angle from horizontal. These wells were termed inclined wells. These two inclined wells allowed the study team to collect samples approximately 5 to 10 feet directly below the streambed. Associated surrogates (aerobic spores, particle counts, algae, and turbidity) were collected from the inclined wells and used to evaluate the streambed's ability to reduce potential biological contaminants. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were both detected in the river but were never detected in the inclined well. Throughout the study, the streambed demonstrated a range of reductions from 0.5 log to 4 log in the measured parameters. In this riverbank filtration system, the streambed is a significant barrier against infiltration of contaminants.


The present invention is a cathode arrangement 20 is thermionic cathode that comprises a reservoir 38 for holding the radiation portion 30, and a material having a radiating surface for radiating electron ● - as will be heated the material, the radial portion also diffuse and emit the work function lowering particles emitted from the emission surface as a first evaporation rate up; ● a focusing electrode (40) comprising a focusing surface for focusing the emitted electrons from the emission surface of the cathode; And ● relates to a cathode arrangement 20 including a work function of the adjustable heat source (50) configured to hold the focusing surface as a temperature at which the accumulation of the falling particles to be prevented on the focusing surface.


We build up a Tobin's q type of investment model with an adjustment cost function associated to raising funds on capital markets. The consequence of this financial imperfection is that firms have to pay a"credibility tax"to access external funds. In other terms, firms are financially constrained. We test this model on a panel of 5,300 firms over twenty years. The main empirical result of our paper happens to be that firms tend to increase their self-financing ratio when their stock price surge up, instead of issuing new shares. This phenomenon is more amplified in continental Europe than in the Anglo-American countries.


Objective Observed anastomosis saphenous vein the sural neurovascular retrograde flap improved methods clinical application.Methods September 2002 to May 2008,the shank 1 / 3 and ankle soft tissue defect 7 cases,applications saphenous vein the sural neurovascular retrograde flap improved methods to repair,cut flap of 6 cm × 4 cm ~ 16 cm × 12 cm.Results 19 cases of post-operative flap all survived;Follow-up 8 to 32 months,an average of 24 months.Flap fine texture,appearance and function of good feeling.Conclusion Anastomosis saphenous vein the sural neurovascular retrograde flap improved methods is Repair leg 1 / 3 and ankle soft tissue defect ideal flap.


Three forgetting factors recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithms, as well as the classical error-forgetting one, are considered. The basic assumptions are that the data-generation mechanism is deterministic, the unknown parameter vector is constant, and the observation vector is persistently exciting. It is possible to prove the convergence of the estimates supplied by the various algorithms to the true parameter vector. This conclusion does not mean that the algorithm possess tracking capabilities when the unknown parameter vector is time-varying. In this case, the exponential convergence in the case of constant unknown parameters is much more important.<<ETX>>


Recent advances in modeling directed acyclic graphs are used to sort-out causal patterns among a set of thirteen measures deemed relevant to the incidence of world poverty. Cross-section measures of the percent of population living on one and two dollars or less per day from eighty low income countries are exposed to a battery of tests of conditional independence with respect to measures of economic and political freedom, income inequality, income per person, agricultural income, child mortality, birth rate, life expectancy, relative size of rural population, illiteracy rate, foreign aid as a percentage of national income, international trade as a percentage of national income and percentage of population that is under-nourished. Motivation for the method of analysis precedes results. Results are presented as a graph that shows our measures of economic and political freedom, income inequality, illiteracy and agricultural income to be exogenous movers of poverty when measured as the percent of the population living on two dollars or less per day. Foreign aid and international trade are not connected to the other variables in the graph. Results on our measure of extreme poverty (people living on one dollar or less per day) show that such populations are immune from improvements in economic progress of the general economy. The "rising tide lifts all boats" argument apparently doesn't cover the extreme poor of our sample. Word count: 19 632. David Bessler (firstname.lastname@example.com) is a professor of Agricultural Economics at Texas A&M University. Partial financial support for the work reported here is from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). Results and implications, either stated or implied, are not necessarily endorsed by any of the above-mentioned institutions. Comments by Aysen Tanyeri-Abur and Tanveer Butt improved the paper. In addition, the editorial suggestions of Michele Zinn are gratefully acknowledged.


The purpose of this article is to assess the role played by the South African anti-corruption institutions in addressing corruption in government departments. The negative impact of corruption on the effectiveness and efficiency of the service delivery by government departments necessitates an examination of the role of the anti-corruption institutions. For the purposes of this article, a review of scholarly published articles, newspaper articles, case law and annual reports of the anti-corruption institutions in South Africa was undertaken. With regard to the anti-corruption institutions, it is has not yet been established whether they are operating free of political interference in South Africa. This article contends that the anti-corruption institutions should be sufficiently resourced and funded by the government to enable them to deal effectively with the corrupt activities that pervade government departments. Moreover, the anti-corruption institutions should be able to perform their functions without any political interference that could possibly influence their proper functioning negatively.


This article focus on the concept o brand love, a kind of affectionable, deep and lasting relationship established between consumers and brands, which results in beneficial consequences for firms. Having in mind the growing importance of services and the lack of studies on brand love in the service context, this research defined as object of study the summer festivals in Portugal, major music and entertaining events based on strong brands. More specifically, this article diagnosis the concept of brand love and it identifies the consequences of that consumers' love with summer festivals. It was carried out a questionnaire to the consumers of the main summer festivals in Portugal, which obtained 349 responses. The results show that the word-of-mouth and the active participation of consumers are the main consequences of this kind of relationship based on brand love, while loyalty and willingness to pay a premium-price are less evident consequences. The results of this study suggest that it is essential that brands create emotional bonds with consumers aiming at the developing of brand love. This kind of relationship that causes consumers' active participation and word-of-mouth imply that consumers behave as brand ambassadors, allowing brands to strength its competitive position.


In the context of language learning, feedback comment generation is the task of generating hints or explanatory notes for learner texts that help understand why a part of text is erroneous. This paper presents our approach to the Feedback Comment Generation Shared Task, collocated with the 16th International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG 2023). The approach augments the generation of feedback comments by a self-supervised identification of feedback types in a multitasklearning setting. Within the shared task, other approaches performed more effective, yet the combined modeling of feedback type classification and feedback comment generation is superior to performing eedback generation only.


In this paper, an interactive approach for solving multi-le vel multi-objective fractional programming (ML-MOFP) pro blem under hybrid uncertainty is developed. The proposed intera c ive approach makes an extension work of Shi and Xia [ 22]. In the current model the left-handand right-hand-side variables in the c onstraints are influenced by hybrid uncertainty (i.e. both f uzziness and randomness); represented by fuzzy random variables (FRVs) . In the first phase, we make the best use of the chance-constra ined programming approach and the α-cut approach to obtain the equivalent deterministic model f the ML-MOFP problem with FRVs. Then, the linear model of the crisp ML-MOFP problem is formul ated. In the second phase, the interactive approach simplifi es the ML-MOLP model by changing it into isolated multi-objective decision-making (MODM) problems, to avoid non-convexity. Also, each separate MODM problem of the linear model is solved by th e ε-constraint method and the concept of satisfactoriness. Fi nally, illustrative example and comparison with the existing tech niques are provided to indicate the efficiency of the interac tive approach.


We study (0,2) deformations of = 2 Liouville field theory and its mirror duality. A gauged linear sigma model construction of the ultraviolet theory connects (0,2) deformations of Liouville field theory and (0,2) deformations of = 2 SL(2,R)/U(1) coset model as a mirror duality. Our duality proposal from the gauged linear sigma model completely agrees with the exact CFT analysis. In the context of heterotic string compactifications, the deformation corresponds to the introduction of a non-trivial gauge bundle. This non-compact Landau-Ginzburg construction yields a novel way to study the gauge bundle moduli for non-compact Calabi-Yau manifolds.


Citizen inputs are virtually prerequisite to community acceptance of public works projects. Succes in citizen participation—and thus public acceptance—rests entirely on the degree to which the citizens believe their inputs will have meaningful effect on resulting plans and decisions. An innovative process developed in Louisville, Ky., in response to these problems and pitfalls is described. The process was utilized in the planning of the upgrading of an existing, inadequate expressway. Over 2,000 citizens were involved in the process that began at the very start of the planning process and continued systematically throughout. Techniques employed were designed: (1) To give full opportunity for individuals and groups to articulate perceived needs, values, and priorities; and (2) to identify community-wide concerns and priorities—in other words, a general context—against individual and neighborhood needs which could be measured relative to the expressway planning program.


A method involving anaerobic incubation of membrane filtration cultures for total coliform analysis of drinking water is evaluated and contrasted with swab inoculation of overgrown cultures to brilliant green bile broth. The anaerobic incubation technique resulted in the unmasking of many coliform organisms that would have been missed in the standard technique because of overgrowth. Many coliform organisms failed to test positive, however, when incubated anaerobically. The swab inoculation technique and the anaerobic technique unmasked similar percentages of coliform-positive samples.


The nesting ecology of Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis) in western Kansas was studied from 1979 through 1987. During this time 100 nesting areas and 181 different active nest sites were located. Nesting density in the study area was 316.5 km2/pair and was highest (71.5 km2/pair) along the Smoky Hill River, where chalk outcrops were common. On average, 38 nests and 43 percent of nest areas surveyed annually from 1979 were active each year. Nests were large (up to 190 cm wide and 180 cm deep), but averaged 100130 cm across and 30-50 cm deep. Nests were typically composed of old fruit stalks and stems of Yucca as well as bits of Russian thistle (Salsola kali), cow chips, and occasional wire. The majority (71.8%) of active sites were on ledges; butte, tree and ground nest sites were less common. Compass orientation of ledge nests tended to be northwest, but was statistically random. The majority (76.4%) of nesting areas included white or yellow chalk outcrops surrounded by rangeland. Only one nesting area included less than 25 percent rangeland and more than 75 percent cropland. Half of all active sites were considered impossible for quadrupedal predators to access and only 29.2 percent were easily accessed from one or more directions. Most (81.9%) nesting areas were within 8 km of active black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns, but 86.9 percent of areas were not adjacent to dog towns. Hawks may avoid nesting in cropland sites, ground sites, and easily-accessed sites, suggesting that sites with low levels of human and predator disturbance may be favored. Productivity varied greatly among sites, but was significantly higher at inaccessible sites. Accessible sites within eye-view of prairie dog towns were the least productive, perhaps because unsuccessful predators of prairie dogs turn to hawk eggs and nestlings as alternative prey. Variable nest placement, so typical of this species, may occur because undisturbed sites are actively selected and undisturbed sites have variable characteristics throughout the species' range. This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 05 Jun 2017 18:26:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 92, NUMBERS 3-4 133 The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) is a conspicuous inhabitant of semiarid grasslands and sparse woodlands of the western United States and prairie provinces of southern Canada. Formerly one of the most abundant hawks in these regions its populations have declined, primarily because of increased human domination of the land (Bechard, 1981; Houston and Bechard, 1984; Schmutz, 1984). In order to determine the abundance and productivity of Ferruginous Hawks in Kansas (the eastern border of the species' range) this species was monitored beginning in 1978. The objective of this paper is to document utilization of habitat and productivity during the breeding seasons of 1979 through 1987. Nests are described, nest site characteristics quantified and nest placement related to reproductive success.


Antiskid control system with the following components: Wheel brake cylinders (51-54); a master brake cylinder (2); Pressure modulation valves (31-36) which are respectively arranged between the master brake cylinder (2) and the respective wheel brake cylinder (51-54) to regulate the hydraulic braking pressure in each wheel brake cylinder; a container (23, 24), which communicates with the pressure modulation valves, for holding a predetermined amount of brake fluid, and for storing the brake fluid from the wheel brake cylinder (51-54) through the pressure modulation valves (31-36), the pressure in the to reduce wheel brake cylinder; a return line (77; 78) to the container (23,24) with the wheel brake cylinder to bring (51-54) in connection; having arranged pressure pump (21, 22) standing one in communication with the container inlet port, as well as one with the wheel brake cylinder (51-54) associated outlet connection to a below; one in the return line (78 77) Pressurized brake fluid to the wheel brake cylinder (51-54) to make, the pressure modulation valves thereby block the connection between the master brake cylinder and the wheel brake cylinder, and then with ...


In the paper, new definition of type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FSs) are introduced, and then some basic concepts such as unit fuzzy set, embedded unit fuzzy sets, closure of support (CoS), restriction of type-2 fuzzy set at a point, etc. and partition of CoS is given to represent general type-2 fuzzy sets, finally, the connections among the restriction of T2 FSs at a point, primary membership function, CoS, embedded type-2 fuzzy set are discussed.


The newest media feel the constant need both to attract the attention of the audience and to form a stable circle of subscribers. To achieve this goal, they attempt to appeal to the basic values of users. One of these forms of work is the archetypization of plots and characters of media works. The paper is based on the method of content analysis. We also used comparative-typological and historical-functional methods; an analysis of textual means of archetyping the model of the world in the latest media is carried out, both at the level of printed works and at the level of modern audiovisual formats. The research material is the most popular print online media and video blogs of the Russian-speaking sector of the Internet in 2021 and in particular - the blog of the stylist Alexander Rogov. In the course of the study, we explored the archetypal images and plots most often broadcast by them: transformation, the struggle with the titan, adventure, systematization of philosophical categories, chicanery, etc. Examples of the most particular directions in the modification of archetypal images and plots are given. The conclusion is made about the multiplot, often manifested in network content. The results of the study capture the dominant characteristics of modern mass communication and can be extrapolated to other textual realities that characterize the socio-cultural background of modern society.


This article describes differences between physical therapists in terms of the attention they pay to educating patients. The differences between therapists were identified from audiotaped treatment sessions of 1837 patients, recorded by physical therapists in non-institutional care in the Netherlands. Trained judges assessed the quantity and the quality of the education by means of a checklist. Therapists′ opinions about patient education and their work setting were also examined as possible factors associated with between-therapist differences.The results showed that the therapists differed in their opinions about patient compliance, the number of exercise instructions given to their patients, the amount of stress-related counselling and the attention given to patients′ demands and perceptions. Those therapists with high expectations about the effects of education compliance paid more attention to the education of their patients. The results also indicated that therapists who spent more time with their p...