National telecommunication networks now routinely use optical fibre for data transmission, with signal processing tasks such as clock recovery, regeneration, demultiplexing and routing being performed electronically. Future very high speed networks with single channel rates of 100 Gbit/s or more require these tasks to be performed with minimal complexity, and one approach is to employ all-optical signal processing using a single high speed gate capable of operating at /spl sim/100 Gbit/s. Interest in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to act as such a gate were renewed by the development of the TOAD (Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer) and the demonstration of switching rates far in excess of the SOA's natural recovery rate. Over the past five years very high speed switching and wavelength conversion in various interferometers has been demonstrated. All the interferometers rely primarily on the band-filling nonlinearity for their operation, where the switching pulses transfer electrons from the conduction to valence bands of the SOA via stimulated emission and alter the gain and hence the refractive index. This band filling non-linearity can allow switching operation at very high speeds since only partial recovery of the gain is necessary for a /spl pi/ phase shift to recover on very short time-scales (/spl sim/lOps). The experiments to be described uses a UNI (Ultrafast Nonlinear Interferometer). This is a derivative of the TOAD, and operates on similar principles.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of the viral hepatitis type B and viral genotypes in Dongguan area.Methods Centralized collection and home collection were performed for questionnaire survey and blood samples detection in 1 041subjects of Dongguan area in groups of different ages.Results The infectious rage of hepatitis B virus(HBV)was 30.5%(318/1 041),including of 72.0%(229/318)of genotype B,24.8%(79/318)of genotype C,1.6%(5/318)of genotype D,and 1.6%(5/318)of mixed genotypes B and C.In different subtypes of B genotype,Ba subtype accounted for 91.0%and adw2serotype accounted for 93.6%.In different subtpes of C genotype,C2subtype accounted for 92.0% and adrq+ serotype accounted for 85.0%.Patients with chronic hepatitis B was given priority to type B gene in Dongguan,followed by type C gene.Conclusion The prevalence of hepatitis type B might be with age and area difference in Dongguan area.Further study of HBV genotypes and prevalence status might be helpful for developing strategies to prevent and treatment of hepatitis type B.


Imaging biomarkers are increasingly used as primary or secondary endpoints in therapeutic trials. There are many academic units, professional organizations, industry groups and federal agencies addressing one or more components or issues associated with imaging biomarkers, and communication and coordination of efforts has been minimal. The RSNA has organized an Imaging Biomarkers Roundtable to establish ongoing communication among these organizations, and to develop a roadmap of activities and goals. Validation of imaging methods as biomarkers is complicated by the variability within and between patients, by the human observer component, by the variability across imaging devices from different manufacturers, and by the need to standardize methods across institutions and centers. To understand the errors and reduce them where possible, the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) has been formed. These and other efforts are active and productive. Accomplishments and future plans will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand efforts to integrate imaging biomarkers in clinical trials. 2. Understand efforts to improve the accuracy and precision of imaging biomarkers.


The occurrence of the nonspiral magnetic field, high helium density, "cold magnetic enhancement" and counterstreaming suprathermal electron flux in the slow flow around a forward shock indicates that the slow flow is the interplanetary counterpart of the coronal mass ejection (ICME). The characteristics of the field and plasma in the fast flow around the reverse shock are typical for a fast steady flow. Thus the shock pair here appears to be caused by interaction of a fast steady flow with a slow ICME. The fact that the slow ICME possesses a planar magnetic structure and a large −Bz component suggests that the slow ICME may be disconnected from the Sun. It is shown that compression alone appears to be adequate to explain the large southward interplanetary magnetic field component within the shocked slow plasma because of the large southward field component present in the ICME ahead of the forward shock. In addition, a new method to infer the shock angle and Mach number from the observed upstream plasma β and the jump ratios of proton density and total magnetic flux density across a shock is suggested.


This study examined the role of feedback from cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the stability of human upright posture. A two-link, one degree of freedom, inverted pendulum model was constructed for the human body with ankle joint torque proportional to the delayed outputs from muscle receptors, joint receptors, and cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the foot. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations indicated that the use of mechanoreceptive information reduced the frequency range and the maximum peak-peak value of the dynamic response of the system. However, without the use of muscle receptors, the mechanoreceptive feedback could not stabilize the system. In addition, body movement of human subjects was measured when their balanced upright posture was disturbed by a transient, forward/backward movement of a supporting platform. The loss of or change in cutaneous mechanoreceptive sense in their feet was induced by (a) having healthy subjects stand on a soft surface and (b) testing neuropathic patients with ...


Background: Recent evidence from several epidemiological studies suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, Diabetes is associated with a 1.5 to 2 fold increased risk of dementia, This has been explained by secondary diabetic encephalopathy which occurs as a result of microand macro-vascular disorders or due to repeated episodes of hypoglycemia induced by excess insulin, It is important to assess the effect of diabetes on cognitive function, a part from chronic complications and co-morbidities. Subjects and methods: This cross sectional controlled study was carried out at Rezgary and Erbil teaching hospitals in Erbil city. A total of 36 Apparently healthy women were recruited and used as a control group for comparison, A total of 36 type 2 diabetic women without co-morbidities and with no apparent chronic complications of diabetes were recruited, The subjects were fasting, their cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination score, fasting plasma glucose measurement and estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) done for diabetic patients and fasting plasma glucose estimated for control group. Results: The mean fasting plasma glucose of diabetics was 213.78 mg/100ml and that of control subjects was 95.67 mg/100ml. The mean mini-mental state examination score for diabetics was 17.53 and for control group was 17.56. There was no correlation between mean HbA1c and mean mini-mental state examination score of diabetics, Also no correlation found between duration of the disease and cognitive function. Conclusions: 1-Uncomplicated diabetes without co-morbidities does not cause declining cognitive function 2-There is no correlation between cognitive function and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients


PURPOSE: To surely cut off water by backfilling a recessed hole part deeply dug due to generation of leakage water with granular substance capable of being drilled by a drilling edge, and pouring a water cut-off chemical thereon by a capsule or an injection rod to form a consolidated layer. CONSTITUTION: After forming a recessed hole part 3 by deep digging due to generation of leakage water by a cracked position 2 of a boring pit 1, a drilling rod 4 is lifted, the recessed hole part 3 is backfilled with granular substance 5 having about 3-10 mm diameter and specific gravity about 1.2 or over such as glass balls or baked clay capable of being crushed by a drilling edge. Next a capsule 6 enclosed with a water cut-off chemical is brought down, and the water cut-off chemical is poured into the sedimentary layer of the granular substance 5 to form a consolidated layer with the substance 5 as aggregate. Of course when the cracked position 2 is positioned over the sedimentary layer of the substance 5, or even if it is covered with the sedimentary layer, the water cut-off chemical permeates the cracked position through the gap of the aggregate to blockade it. Next after confirming water cut-off, drilling is again performed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


To brazing of cast parts to the waveguide tube compositions of aluminum-zinc alloys have been developed with operating temperatures of soldering 555-575 and 565-590o C in the form of wire of various sections. Experimental verification revealed that the best technological properties are alloys of Al-Si-Zn, obtained by modifying the AK12 alloy zinc.


A new, efficient algorithm for modular inversion in Galois field GF( p) is presented. Very large scale integration (VLSI) implementation of the algorithm is described and the high performance and low silicon penalty is demonstrated.


A new self-aligned contact technology suitable for high density MOS VLSI is proposed. This technology includes phosphorus doped polysilicon oxidation under high pressure and low temperature, and the formation of polysilicon cover or interconnection on self-aligned contact region. Large differential oxidation ratio (5:1) of doped polysilicon to lightly doped silicon substrate can be easily obtained. The SiO2film on the polysilicon gate acts as an excellent interlevel insulator. It is verified that this technology is readily applicable to conventional Si-gate MOS processes. Further, packing density increase of MOS VLSI due to this technology is estimated.


We extend the renormalization analysis for period doubling in unimodal maps to the case of asymmetric critical points. Universal scaling phenomena are governed by period-two points of a renormalization operator.


A decade after the collapse of communist rule, Christian life in Eastern Europe continues to be a complex mixture of satisfaction and disappointment. This survey of the last four years illustrates the recent successes and failures, and sets out to highlight the many challenges which still await effective responses.


Bounded-collusion identity-based encryption (BC-IBE) is a variant of identity-based encryption, where an adversary obtains user secrete keys corresponding to at most d identities. From results of existing work, it is proven that BC-IBE can be constructed from public key encryption (PKE) with several properties. In particular, we focus on post-quantum PKE schemes submitted to the NIST PQC competition, as the underlying PKE of BC-IBE schemes. This is because post-quantum cryptography is one of active research areas, due to recent advancement of developing quantum computers. Hence, it is reasonable to consider converting such PKE schemes into encryption schemes with additional functionalities. By using existing generic constructions of BC-IBE, those post-quantum PKE schemes are transformed into BC-IBE with non-compact public parameter. In this paper, we propose generic constructions of BC-IBE whose public parameter-size is more compact, and it is possible to apply many post-quantum PKE schemes secure against chosen plaintext attacks, into our generic constructions. To this end, we construct BC-IBE schemes from a group testing perspective, while existing ones are constructed by employing error-correcting codes or cover-free families. As a result, we can obtain BC-IBE schemes with more compact public parameter, which are constructed from the NIST PQC PKE schemes.


This paper reports six patients with perianal Crohn's disease (CD), who developed anal cancer in chronic anal fistulas. Tumors have been often diagnosed at an advanced stage and had a worse prognosis than cancers arising in the general population as tumor symptoms may mimic symptoms of CD, resulting in delay in diagnosis. Patients with perianal CD should undergo a careful surveillance program for ano-rectal carcinoma, including routine biopsy of any suspected lesion. When malignancy is found, an aggressive surgical approach and complementary therapy are mandatory.


Garhwal Himalaya has been the reservoir of enormous natural resource including vegetational wealth. Primitive communities and tribes who live in the vicinity of forest due to being close to the nature, possess a deep practical knowledge on indigenous flora, pertaining to curatives, culture, customs, ethos, cults, religion, belief, legends, myths as well as other miscellaneous uses. The people in remote villages and tribal areas depend upon the folk medicines and household remedies to a great extent. The prevalent practice of herbal remedies has descended down from generation to generation and includes the cure from simple ailments to the most complicated one. The present communication pertains to the ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of various diseases and ailments like dysentery, cough, asthma, inflammation, body-ache, wound healing, bronchitis, mouth ulcer, cold, smooth delivery, headache, throat sore, constipation, diarrhea, menstrual disorders, malaria, vomiting, jaundice, mental disorder, skin diseases etc. (New York Science Journal 2010;3(12):28-31). (ISSN: 1554-0200).


The invention provides a pulse modulation photodetector, which detects, by projecting pulsed light, presence or absence of a physical object based on whether the pulsed light is received or not according to passage of the physical object. The pulsed light has a pulse width modulated according to a light emission pulse, which is generated based on a clock pulse signal and has a modulation cycle. The modulation cycle includes a light emission period during which the light emission pulse is present, and a non light emission period other than the light emission period. Further, the clock pulse signal has a pulse width being shorter in the light emission period than in the non light emission period.


A new control strategy is proposed for unknown robotic manipulators in this paper. The control scheme combines RBF neural network algorithm and sliding mode. The controller used respective RBFNN to approach the structural and parameters uncertainty, the system stability is ensured by the sliding mode control, and the robust control focus compensate effectively to eliminate the network approximation error. As for the chattering in the sliding mode control, a hyperbolic function is applied to replace the symbols to eliminate the chattering phenomenon effectively and decrease the control input when the precision error is permit. The stability of the control system was ensured by Lyapunov method. The tracking error asymptotic converges to zero. The simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (ANCA) were studied in different homogeneous solvents, binary protic/aprotic solvent mixtures and in heterogeneous solutions of the cationic cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle. Different chemical species of ANCA were identified spectroscopically in different media. The results are discussed on the basis of a mech- anism that involves two equilibria: acid-base equilibrium and monomer-dimer equilibrium. These equilibria were found to be very sensitive to the nature of the medium and the concentration of ANCA. Moreover, while it is photostable in most solvents studied, the ANCA was found to be photolabile in aque- ous media of different pHs. The acid-base catalyzed photodegradation rate was studied by following up absorption and/or fluorescence intensities as a function of illumination dose. The determined rate of the photochemical degradation of ANCA depends on the nature of the medium. The first order degradation rate constant is remarkably enhanced in heterogeneous medium of CTAB. As expected, the determined activation energy is low (∼ 3.2 kJ. mol−1). This result favors photooxidation process. Anthraquinone was the main pho- todegradation product obtained via 9,9 � -dicarboxylic head-to-head dimer of anthracene that was identified by GC-Mass technique.


When young people between 18-35 are diagnosed with a brain tumor, it often has significant impact on their lives. In that period the young person is often in their process of building their lives, with little to no mental preparation on perspectives towards end of life. The aim of this study is to measure the value of a Nurse Care Coordinator, working with young brain tumor patients in the Neurosurgical Outpatient Clinic.

 The Nurse Care Coordinators function is to support and guide the young patients, from getting the diagnosis with a brain tumor and through their disease and treatment. The Nurse Care Coordinator meets the young patient and relatives several times from before surgery, and for as long as needed, depending on the patients' individual situation. The relation and interactions with the young patients are very individually approached. However, the fundamental approach to all young patients includes regular weekly phone calls, which eventually become monthly conversations or personal meetings in the Outpatient Clinic, all depending on the topic and young patient's preferences. Areas where the Nurse Care Coordinator can assist the young patients includes general overviews of their disease and treatment course, assist where barriers may arise and ensuring correct rehabilitation for the young patients, offering an elaborating conversation on the diagnosis, or discuss solutions with external parties on behalf of the patient. To measure the value of the Nurse Care Coordinator, young patients (n=20) were provided with a questionnaire with four Likert scale items. In addition, they received a phone call from a Research Nurse, asking the open-ended question; "What is your opinion of the function of a Nurse Care Coordinator, and what are the areas where the Nurse Care Coordinator could carry out her role better or differently?"

 Both the quantitative results from the questionnaire and the open-ended qualitative responses from the young patients, showed that the function of the Nurse Care Coordinator provided both value and meaning to the young patients. Responses included references to the perception of safety (as opposed to anxiety), a sense of familiarity and comfort (during chaotic and unfamiliar processes), and a constructive approach to patient enquiry (providing help and effective assistance).

 The role of a Nurse Care Coordinator has increased focus on the young patients with a brain tumor in the Neurosurgical Clinic. It has also contributed to a higher degree of multidisciplinary workflows around the young patients and great satisfaction for the young patients.


This study aims to find the need of performance evaluation by assessing probationer's attitude for performance improvement and correlation between self-scores and evaluator scores. Performance appraisal is a formal assessment tool to regularly review employee's job performance and overall contribution to the organization. It is a key aspect of the talent management for a hospital to retain its best talent and provide quality care to its patients. A study conducted mix of performance appraisal methods to recognize the best skills of the probationers and holistic view in making best decisions. The study was conducted in the form of questionnaire (i.e., performance evaluation form). Appropriate methods for preparing the evaluation were identified to cover all the aspects of the Probationers' skills. 46 probationers were identified from 13 departments. Findings were generated with the help of statistical tools such as Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation and MS Excel. 24 out of 46 participants were designated with permanent position and remaining was given Performance Improvement Plan and next review will be taken for them after 6 months. Also, the moderately positive relation was found between self-scores and evaluators scores. The correlation exists but not a perfect correlation.


The goal of this study is to identify the problems and barriers that impede the growth and development of small and medium innovative enterprises (innovative SMEs) and suggest ways to overcome them. The main methods of the study include a survey of the founders of innovative companies from Russia and Belarus, as well as expert interviews. The study involved both mature companies and startups. The results of the study indicate that most innovative companies lack personnel with the necessary education and experience. At the same time, the number of researchers is decreasing, and external part-timers are being involved to carry out the research. The innovative activities in the countries under study remain low. The main barriers to the growth of this indicator include the lack of financial resources, the difficulties with raising external financing, as well as the shortage of the professional personnel. A set of measures to financially encourage researchers and tax incentives for innovative entrepreneurship are proposed as the main incentives to increasing the innovative activities.


The effects of hearth deposition in NO.2 BF were analyzed. The hearth deposition was faded and production was recovered by adjusting the system of charging, blasting and slagging.


The hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters of gaseous mixtures of N2 and He, used as surrogate components for CO and H2 respectively, were measured in three Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids in the presence and absence of solid particles (Al2O3, FeOx). The data were obtained in a pilot-scale (0.29 m ID and 3 m high) slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) within wide ranges of operating conditions covering those of F-T synthesis. The manometric method, the Transient Physical Gas Absorption technique and the Dynamic Gas Disengagement technique were employed to obtain the gas holdup, the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and the gas bubbles Sauter mean diameter, respectively. Statistical experimental design was used to investigate the effect of these operating conditions on those parameters. The gas-liquid interfacial area appeared to control the mass transfer behavior of the SBCR operating in the churn-turbulent flow regime.
A user-friendly simulator based on a comprehensive computer model for F-T SBCRs, taking into account the hydrodynamics, kinetics, heat transfer, and mass transfer was developed. Novel hydrodynamic and mass transfer correlations, covering wide ranges of reactor geometry, gas distributor types, and operating conditions were established using our experimental data and those available in the literature; and a new relationship between the axial dispersion of large gas bubbles and their average diameter were developed and included in the reactor model. All reactor partial differential equations, equation parameters along with the pertinent boundary conditions were simultaneously solved numerically using the finite elements method. Different kinetic rate expressions available in the literature for iron and cobalt-based catalysts were included in the simulator which was used to predict the effects of the operating conditions, such as catalyst concentration, pressure, temperature, H2/CO ratio, and superficial gas velocity on the performance of a F-T SBCR. The predictions showed that the performance of the reactor was strongly dependent on the catalyst type and the kinetic rate expression used. The simulator was also used to optimize the reactor geometry and operating conditions in order to produce 10,000 barrels per day of synthetic hydrocarbons.


Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied dilute to run-off using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 3.1-4.2 gal spray/tree or 300-403 gal/acre. Trees were 24 yr old, 10 ft high, spaced 15 by 30 ft, and on the EMU rootstock. The XRD-473, XRD-473 + Lorsban, Lorsban, Guthion 3 F, and Guthion 35 W treatments were all tested in a seasonal program with sprays applied at pink, 4 May; petal fall, 23 May; and in cover sprays on 7 Jun, 21 Jun, 6 Jul, 23 Jul, 8 Aug, and 23 Aug. Pounce and Pounce/ALT were both applied at pink and petal fall then followed by cover sprays of Imidan on j Jun, 6 Jul, 23 Jul, 8 Aug, and 23 Aug; Thiodan was substituted for aphid control on the 21 Jun cover. Further treatments included Orthene at pink, followed by Guthion at petal fall and on 21 Jun, Danitol on 7 Jun, and Guthion at a reduced rate combined with Sevin on 6 Jul, 23 Jul, 8 Aug, and 23 Aug. A similar treatment used the same schedule except that Larvin was substituted for Sevin; Danitol at pink and 7 Jun, followed by Guthion at petal fall and 21 Jun and Guthion at a reduced rate combined with Sevin and Surfel applied on 6 Jul, 23 Jul, 8 Aug, and 23 Aug. A final treatment was the same as the preceding treatment except that Larvin was substituted for Sevin. Additional applications over the entire block included Difolatan 80 S 12.5 lb/acre, 6 Apr; Dithane M45 80 W 6 lb/acre + Rubigan 1 EC 6 oz/acre, 20 May, 27 May, and 9 Jun; and Dithane M45 80 W 6 lb/acre, 30 Jun. Naphthaleneacetic acid (Kling-tite formulation) was applied in thinning sprays on 27 May using up to 15 ppm depending upon the cultivar and fruit set. European apple sawfly, plum curculio, and rosy apple aphid were evaluated prior to the "June drop" by examining all of the apples in 25 fruiting clusters on one 'McIntosh' and one 'Cortland' or on one Golden Delicious' and one 'Cortland' tree/plot on 6 Jun. Apple and spirea aphids were evaluated by examining 25 terminals on one 'McIntosh' tree/plot on 10 Jun and 24 Jun and on one 'McIntosh' and one 'Cortland' tree/plot on 16 Jun. Spotted tentiform leafminer was evaluated 19 Sep by counting the mines on 25 'Greening' leaves/plot on 19 Sep. Insect damage to fruit was assessed at harvest by examining 100 apples/cultivar/plot from 'Jersey Mac,' 5 Aug; 'McIntosh,' 19 Sep; and 'Golden Delicious,' 7 Oct. 'Golden Delicious' fruit finish was evaluated using a russet rating from 0 (best finish) to 3 (worst finish). Rainfall was less than normal during April, June, and August, but above normal during July. Temperatures were above normal during June, July, and August. An extended bloom period with certain cultivars in bloom while the petals had fallen on others, resulted in greater than normal insect pressure especially from European apple sawfly and plum curculio. The extremely warm summer temperatures resulted in significant third-brood white apple leafhopper and spotted tentiform leafminer pressure.


As the celebration of our 100th issue draws to a close, it is important to thank all of the editors who have served the Review of Economics and Statistics over the decades. The journal could never have existed or continued to grow without the countless hours of work these men and women dedicated to its cause. In addition, though too numerous to list by name, we also give great thanks to the thousands of referees who provided their expertise to thousands of papers.


Several convergence decision methods for positive term series are established.Our results generalize the Raabe's decision and improve that in the recent paper.We also give some examples.


It provides an apparatus and a method for signal and wider land grid feedthrough capacitor design that can be applied to power filtering techniques. Capacitor designs, such as that provides the characteristics for use in decoupling applications that involve both the signal levels and power level setting. Through the device through the current removed accompanying the reverse flow of current techniques in the power or ground signal and the current path provides a low equivalent series inductance (ESL). Land grid feedthrough capacitor, decoupling, current cancellation techniques, the equivalent series inductance


Abstract : This report presents a computer program for preliminary design analysis of counter-flow, compact, plate-fin heat exchangers. The program method is based on the effectiveness-NTU relationship analysis. The heat exchanger design begins with assumptions for counter-flow length, total frontal flow area and core matrix fin geometry. Using these constraints, the program proceeds to calculate the resulting effectiveness and pressure drop based on specified air- side and gas-side conditions. Input design requirements include selected air- side and gas-side fin types; the pressures, temperatures, and mass flows of the air and gas streams; fuel-air ratio; as well as, the maximum air-side inlet header velocity. Heat exchanger designs may be generated based on four different fin types (i.e., plain, louvered, strip/offset or wavy fins) over a varied number of core dimensions. Program output includes inlet and exit conditions on air and gas sides, effectiveness, fin characteristics, core length and volume, total frontal flow area, pressure drops, overall enclosure height, number of transfer units, overall weight, and air-side header diameters and velocities. This report presents the analysis method, description of input and output with sample cases, and a program listing.


This Resource Is a brief essay by Alexander DeLuca, M.D., describing the technique of 'opiate rotation' for chronic pain patients and the theory of hyperalgesic metabolites and 'incomplete cross tolerance' which underlie it. References given and discussed. Links to relevant articles provided.


This study is motivated by the number of tourist villages in Bali that do not care about sustainability and are not as promoted as eco-villages, instead deteriorating the natural environment due to its development, and aims to analyze the community and tourist perceptions on sustainable tourism in eco-villages of Sanur Kauh village in urban area and of Blimbingsari village in rural area. Differences among community are analyzed based on gender, stakeholder roles, age, and occupation variables, education, tourism conscious. Also, the differences among tourists were analyzed based on gender, origin, age, occupation, education, travel method, and travel urpose. For the two groups, differences in perceptions were analyzed based on the indicators of Attention to Environmental Burden (AEB) and Concern for Conservation Efforts (CCE) that construct the Perceptions of Sustainability questionnaire. The results found that there were significant differences between the Community and the Tourists in terms of AEB (F=26,561; p<0,01), CCE (F=32,508; p<0,01), and Perceptions of Sustainability (F=31,377; p<0,01), and between the community and the community and tourists and tourists both in Sanur Kauh and Blimbingsari in terms of AEB (F = 113,490; p <0.01), CCE (F = 96.540; p <0.01), and Perception on sustainable tourism (F=111,294; p<0,01). However, the difference between the community and tourists in both Sanur Kauh and Blimbingsari only occurred in terms of CCE (F=11.809; p<0.01) and Perception of Sustainability (F=5.831; p<0.05). Thus, the difference in perceptions of sustainable tourism influenced by the village's location and environment. People and tourists in rural areas have better perception than those in urban areas.


Neolithic culture series in Yishu River basin developed in the order of Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. In the period of Dawenkou culture, the ancient culture developed rapidly. During the period of Longshan culture, the ancient culture reached climax, having a magnificent time. The ancient culture decayed significantly in Yueshi culture period. According to the study on the records of environmental changes about Yishu River basin, using 14C dating, ?啄13C, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and geo-chemical analysis, we acquired high-resolution sequence of environmental changes from 2970BC to 1050BC: 2970BC-2260BC, the climate of study area was warm and wet; 2260BC-1880BC, the climate had a mutation with an extensive temperature drop; and 1880BC-1050BC, the climate changed greatly. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture (2600BC-2300BC), the climate in the Yishu River basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very well developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 2260BC made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation intensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resources led to susbstantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 2000BC Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively underdeveloped, simple and unsophisticated.


Upper Eocene bolidites (bolide-generated sedimentary deposits) appear to form a continuous coastwise band, 600 km long and 30--100 km wide, from North Carolina to New Jersey (> 65,000 km[sup 2]). The authors sampled these deposits in 14 boreholes (cores and rotary cuttings) and identified them on 36 offshore seismic-reflection profiles. Cores from the bolidites contain allogenic phenoclasts and fossils, as well as shock-altered minerals and tektite glass. On seismic profiles, the bolidites commonly exhibit interrupted, chaotic reflections and fill elongate or ovate excavations. Maximum bolidite thickness offshore is 500m in the presumed impact crater (New Jersey Continental Shelf); maximum thickness onshore is > 60m (southeastern Virginia). Estimated bolidite volume is at least 1,700km[sup 3]. Disparate depositional processes formed four types of bolidites: (1) chaotic fill within the impact crater; (2) stratified( ) ejecta around the crater; (3) ejecta-bearing debrite at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 612 (New Jersey slope); and (4) impact tsunamiite in North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey.


Background: B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) a neurohormone synthesized in ventricular myocardium and released into the circulation in response to ventricular dilatation and pressure overload, is a current biomarker used for identifying patients at high risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). High level of BNP is associated with an increased risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) including new or progressive heart failure and myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to assess the prognosis of newly diagnosed ACS patients by using plasma BNP level. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration with National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD) from January 2013 to December 2013. Total 100 newly diagnosed ACS patients, aged 30 to 70 years, irrespective of sex who reported within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were enrolled in this study by purposive and convenient sampling. Plasma BNP level of selected study subjects was measured within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Then subjects were grouped on the basis of their empirical cut-off value of plasma BNP concentration Group I having plasma BNP level <135 pg/mL and Group II having plasma BNP level 135 pg/mL. Results: Of 100 ACS patients, 86 were male and 14 were female with the mean age 49.61±10.28 years and the age range of 30 to 70 years. Among 26 patients in Group I, good recovery, morbidity and mortality were 22 (84.6%), 4 (15.4%) and zero and among 74 patients in Group II good recovery, morbidity and mortality were 18 (24.3%), 53 (71.6%) and 3 (3.0%) respectively. Differences in outcome between groups were statistically significant (P=0.001). Above the empirical cut-off value of BNP (135 pg/mL) good prognosis was for 18 (24.3%) and bad prognosis was for 56 (75.7 %) patients and relative risk 3.48 in 95% CI (2.25-5.36). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that higher baseline plasma BNP concentration is associated with more adverse clinical outcomes in ACS patients. Since the baseline plasma BNP concentrations at the onset of event shows incremental prognostic value, so plasma BNP can be used clinically as a biomarker of prognosis in ACS patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22870 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 1-5


A design of beam steering transmitting lens antennas based on the concept of an optical beam scanning technique is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a standard gain horn and two transmit arrays with different cell arrangements and functions. The transmit arrays are composed of four metallic layers and three intermediate dielectric layers. The metallic layers are implemented by cascading a two-dimensional array of microstrip square rings with circle patches inside. Beam steering is performed by mechanically rotating two transmission arrays independently or synchronously around the antenna axis, and the feed antenna does not change during beam steering. The simulation results demonstrate that the beam of the antenna could be steered in both azimuth and elevation planes at 9.7GHz, with a peak realized gain of 15.7dBi. And within less than 3-dB gain variation, the proposed beam-steering method could cover a conical region with an apex angle of 86°.


The article brings a discussion to the technology of melting high impurity black copper with a tilting furnace.It is a good attempt of new adopted smelting technology.


Dear Editor,
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a cutaneous neoplasm that classically occurs in heavily sun‐damaged skin on the head and neck of elderly patients.1 We report the case of a 70‐year‐old man who presented with a 1‐year history of a slowly enlarging, nodular lesion on his anterior neck (Fig. 1). The lesion was asymptomatic, apart from scant straw‐yellow discharge that had emanated from the lesion since its onset. The lesion was at the site of a scar from a tracheostomy, which was performed 40 years earlier following a motor vehicle accident. On examination, a nontender, flesh‐coloured nodule was found at the superior aspect of the scar, with a central pit and serous crusting. The lesion was mobile with deglutition due to cicatricial tethering to the trachea. A punch biopsy revealed a pleomorphic tumour with immunohistochemistry consistent with AFX, and the excision specimen supported this diagnosis (Fig. 2a–c).


The popular theory that state governments are indulging in orgies of spending does not square with the facts. The author here analyzes New York state expenditures from 1917 to 1923. He reduces the 1923 expenditures to the price level of 1917 and finds that 44 percent of the increase is due to higher price of services and material which the stale buys; 13 percent is due to substitution of pay-as-you-go for borrowings; 23 percent to unusual conditions over which the legislature had no control; only 20 percent can be called optional, but even this portion went for purposes which no one can reaaonably question.


The Court shall actively manage the cases before it in accordance with the Rules of Procedure without impairing the freedom of the parties to determine the subject-matter of, and the supporting evidence for, their case.


We report on the derivation and implementation of the first three-dimensional optical tomographic image reconstruction scheme that is based on the time-independent equation of radiative transfer (ERT) and allows for arbitrarily shaped medium boundaries and arbitrary spatial material distributions. The scheme builds on the concept of model-based iterative image reconstruction, in which a forward model provides prediction of detector readings, and a gradient-based updating scheme minimizes an appropriately de- fined objective function. The forward model is solved by using an even-parity formulation of the ERT, which lends itself to a finite- element discretization method. The finite-element technique pro- vides the suitable framework for predicting light propagation in arbi- trarily shaped three-dimensional media. For an efficient way of calculating the gradient of the objective function we have imple- mented an adjoint differentiation scheme. Initial reconstruction re- sults using synthetic data from simple media and a three- dimensional mesh of the human forehead illustrate the performance of the code. © 2003 SPIE and IS&T. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1587730)


Oxidized cellulose material is neutralized, by contacting an acidic oxidized cellulose material with a water and alcohol solution of a basic salt of a weak organic acid, e.g. sodium acetate, to elevate the pH of the cellulosic material to between 5 and 8. The resulting neutralized product is storage stable and has therapeutic applica tions, including hemostasis and adhesion prevention. Furthermore, the neutralized product may be impreg nated with acid-sensitive hemostatic agents, such as thrombin, to enhance its hemostatic properties, or with acid-sensitive adhesion-preventive agents, such as t-PA, to enhace its adhesion-prevention properties.


Using methods analogous to those introduced in Doney (2005), we express the resolvent density of a (killed) reflected Levy process in terms of the resolvent density of the (killed) Levy process. As an application we find a previously unknown identity for the potential density for killed reflected symmetric stable processes.


Owing to typical weaknesses of Al2O3-13wt%TiO2/NiCrAl coating (AT13), appropriate air heat treatment is an effective method in improving the bonding strength and microstructure of AT13. AT13 was air heat-treated with varying holding times and cooling methods. The aims are not only to ascertain the changes of the bonding strength and micro-structure of AT13 under various conditions, but also to understand the influence of holding time and cooling method on the bonding strength and microstructure of the coating. The experimental results showed that the best bonding strength and lowest porosity of AT13 were obtained using proper heat treatment of heating up to 560°C for 6 h along with two-step cooling. The two-step cooling is better than normal furnace cooling in improving properties of the coating, which is attributed to the densification of AT13 and release of residual stress.


Technical and professional communicators have in recent research been challenged to make significant contributions to the field of knowledge management, and to learn or create the new technologies allowing them to do so. The purpose of this dissertation is to make such a combined theoretical and applied contribution from the context of the emerging discipline of Texts and Technology.
This dissertation explores the field of knowledge management (KM), particularly its relationship to the related study of artificial intelligence (AI), and then recommends a KM software application based on the principles of narratology and narrative information exchange. The focus of knowledge is shifted from the reductive approach of data and information to a holistic approach of meaning and the way people make sense of complex events as experiences expressed in stories. Such an analysis requires a discussion of the evolution of intelligent systems and narrative theory as well as an examination of existing computerized and non-computerized storytelling systems. After a thorough discussion of these issues, an original software program that is used to collect, analyze, and distribute thematic stories within any hierarchical organization is modeled, exemplified, and explained in detail.


The purpose of this research is to know the Tracer Study of the alumni profile and STEIs contribution to the competence of its graduates in the world of work (case study on the 2012 Batch of alumni). This study uses sampling from the data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 2012 alumni for the past 4 months. The method used in cluster analysis finds an optimal grouping of observations or objects in each cluster that is the same, but different from each other. The STEI Tracer Study research report in 2012 class focuses on research on the target of STEI alumni respondents in the year of 2012. From some of the discussions and data obtained in this study, several conclusions can be drawn regarding the characteristics and profile of the respondent when undergoing lectures, the relationship between universities and work and current job conditions. Based on the characteristics of respondents, the amount of data entered is 303 alumni, with details of 94 men (31%) and 209 women (69%). Overall STEI 2012 alumni as a whole have an average IP score of 3.11. STEI alumni of the 2012 employment status currently are 251 people working, 5 people working and self-employed, 32 people are not working, and 12 people are entrepreneurs. Overall, STEI was able to increase its contribution and more evenly related to the provision of competencies for students (not only focus on knowledge in related fields, but also soft skill and hard skill factors).


The important features of modern politics lies in the appearance of the politics operation mode the party government.As to modern China,the Communist Party of China plays the role of a leading core,for the realization of the unified leadership to the State power and for the guarantee of the ruling status as the important organizational carrier,in the leading bodies such as the Central and local State organs at different levels,people's organizations,economic organizations,cultural organizations and other none-party organizations,which guarantees effectively the Party's leadership and control over the State power.


EVEN AS THE 2002 WEST NILE VIrus (WNV) epidemic is expected to wind down for the season, researchers are pressing on with efforts to determine whether the virus can be transmitted among humans through blood transfusions. If blood proves to be a possible route of infection—a possibility that public health experts stress is currently unproven but a matter of intense investigation—a test that will enable blood banks to screen blood for the presence of WNV will be a priority, according to authorities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).


A high‐temperature starved‐feed semi‐batch operating policy is developed to produce p(acrylates) with high macromonomer content, taking advantage of side reactions inherent to acrylate radical polymerization. This operating strategy results in significantly higher macromonomer content for the polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (iBoA) versus n‐butyl acrylate (BA) under identical operating conditions. This is because steric hindrance favors fragmentation (i.e., terminal double bond (TDB) formation) over addition (i.e., short‐chain or long‐chain branch formation), thus increasing the p(iBoA) TDB content and decreasing polymer dispersity. The p(iBoA) macromonomer solution serves as an excellent addition‐fragmentation agent to polymerize a second monomer in a single pot process controlled by sequential feeding, as demonstrated by the production of iBoA‐BA block and comb copolymer structures at different temperatures and macromonomer concentrations. The incorporation of the p(iBoA) macromonomer into a copolymer product is verified by various techniques, including polymer fractionation followed by TDB, composition, and molar mass analyses. Reaction temperature plays a key role in determining whether a blocky versus comb copolymer structure is produced. The ability to synthesize block and comb copolymers by radical polymerization without a mediating agent offers the potential to efficiently produce structured copolymers for industrial applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


A new ameliorated arithmetic-BWTE(Block-base Web Text Extraction) based on web block is proposed after analyzing the main measures and shortcuts of current Web Text Extraction by the document.This arithmetic extracts the text based on web block from bottom to top after filtrating the advertisements,hyperlinks etc,which are obvious noise information.


Careful analysis of the historical context in which the first (1953) volume of Yale's magisterial edition of Milton's prose works, 'Yale I,' was produced reveals how the Milton it represents was shaped by current events – specifically, how Cold War developments threatened editor DonWolfe's very American vision of what a liberal society should be. The exhaustive historical detail provided in Yale I's textual apparatus, its introduction and notes, not only portrays the political turmoil of seventeenth-century England but also represents Milton as a fierce opponent of political dangers clearly perceived as similar to those rampant in Cold War America – dangers such as McCarthyite anti-Communism, the rise of the defence-driven research university, and the ascendancy of that institution's favourite form of literary studies, the New Criticism. Ironically, Wolfe's presentism safeguarded historicist interest in Milton, inoculating Milton studies not only against the de-historicizing drive of New Criticism but also against the later innovations of the New Historicism.


Abstract
This paper examines the impact of residents' human capital investment inequality on the urban–rural income gap, using China's provincial panel data from 1997 to 2013. The results show that, at the national level as well as at the regional level, residents' overall human capital investment inequality has a positive significant impact on the urban–rural income gap. In addition, the impact of overall human capital investment inequality increased monotonically from the eastern region inward to the western region. In terms of the relative impact of each component of human capital investment inequality on the urban–rural income gap, migration investment inequality appears to have the greatest impact at the national level, whereas health investment inequality has the greatest impact on the urban–rural income gap in the eastern region, and education investment inequality exhibits the greatest impact in the central and western regions. We also investigate the impact of human capital investment inequality on the urban–rural income gap over different periods. The results show that residents' overall human capital investment inequality had a positive impact on the urban–rural income gap in the period 1997–2008, but the impact rapidly shrunk in 2009–2013. Furthermore, the impact of residents' health investment inequality on the urban–rural income gap shows a downward trend, and the impact of residents' education investment inequality trended slightly upward from 1997 to 2008, and then rapidly shrunk in 2009–2013. Finally, the impact of residents' migration investment inequality was only significant in 1997–2002.


Spasticity management should be part of a well-coordinated and comprehensive rehabilitation program that is patient-centric and goal-specific. There are a variety of options available for the treatment of spasticity. A usual approach is starting with the least invasive treatment modalities initially and gradually increasing to more complex interventions as this is required. This curriculum considers oral antispasticity drugs in terms of mechanism of action, clinical use, efficacy, and adverse events. It also presents other treatment options, such as chemical neurolysis using phenol and alcohol and chemodenervation using botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). Therapeutic intramuscular injections of BoNT-A require sound patient selection, accurate muscle selection, and precise localization. The common methods for achieving these are described. The importance of physiotherapy is explained, along with the necessity to combine treatment modalities to address spasticity and the various components of the upper motor neuron syndrome. Recognizing differences in various health-care systems across countries and regions, the authors aim to present various treatment options. While this section of the curriculum highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary effort in managing spasticity, it is understandable that not all treatment options are available uniformly. The challenge to clinicians is to make the most of the management options on hand to optimize outcomes.


Becoming a caregiver for members of their own family with neurocognitive disorder or dementia like Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies means take a new and unexpected role.


Long before my daughter, Jolie, was born, I acquired a top-of-the-line breast pump. Being the perfectionist, I had always intended to nurse my daughter, joining the ranks of mothers who pump at work. Having peeped at its contents when it first arrived, I was overwhelmed and intimidated by the long plastic tubing, pumping interface with separate connections for single or double pumping, sealing discs, bottles, as well as strangely alien funnels and connectors made of hard, nonyielding clear plastic. I quickly stored it away, relegating it to after baby status. Jolie was 6 weeks old and was getting the hang of breastfeeding (and I was starting to feel some semblance of sanity again) when I brought the pump out from hiding to develop some comfort with pumping before going back to work. Single pumping was awkward enoughlike a comedic vacuuming accident, but double pumping was a physical feat of coordination, requiring a third hand or an impressively dexterous foot. My husband was secretly terrified of the whole process, even just listening to the sound of the rhythmic motor hum. He made sure to vacate the room immediately before pumping began. Pumping made a very natural process extraordinarily unnatural. My maternity leave was over when Jolie was 11 weeks old, and it was time to bring my pumping to work. Eleven weeks does not seem that long in absolute terms, but returning to medicine after 11 weeks of thinking only about bowel movements, wet diapers, spit-up, and sleep was another story. I had to plunge right into patients, housestaff, actual medicine, while I contended with pumping and separation anxiety. My days, which had always been busy, were now nonstop, action-packed. I saw time in an entirely different light: the vanishing minutes of a working mother. Every day for months, I was inextricably bound to time at work. As the intern presented another new patient, I would furtively glance at the clock, 30 minutes before pump time. Every potential new meeting, every conference, all were immediately placed in the context of pumping. Can I squeeze in pumping? Do I leave the meeting early? Should we reschedule for another time? But, I always secretly wondered if my male coworkers, especially those without children, really understood, or did they think that it was just a convenient excuse? Like Cinderella, when the clock struck my appointed hour, I quickly fled to my office and closed the door only to return about 20 to 25 minutes later as if nothing had ever happened. Resume rounds. Run to another meeting. Head over to noon conference. Taking care of everything I needed to in a day's time with the added stress of fitting in 2 or 3 pumping sessions was a study in efficiency and, I'll add, a touch of mania. My office became a full-service pumping station; all I needed was a pit crew. The pump would be already stored under the desk, plugged in, and ready to go with tubing attached from the first morning session. I kept it under the desk to avoid visitors' embarrassment, like our janitor who once stopped in unexpectedly, took a look at the pump and said, What is that? It looks like a pump of some kind. When I told him what it was, his jowls dropped as he stammered a polite reply. I equipped the room with a small refrigerator, once an oddity but now a godsend. I had a sink by the door for the elaborate cleaning involved after each session. My office was littered with a bottle brush, a drying rack, and various funnels and storage bottles, all in various states of drying. In a mad rush to get back to work, I'd throw some paper towels on top to shield unsuspecting eyes and avoid any conjecture about ongoing science experiments. I had the ideal set-up for a pumping professional woman: a private office with a door that locks, a sink, and a refrigerator. Legions of pumping doctors have dealt with far worse, but still it was an immense process for many months. Yet it was something I felt I had to do, and more than that, something I wanted to do. The sessions themselves, jammed into a hectic workday, were my escapes by default. Pumping is a finicky process; it will not work if you are tense or thinking too hard about obtaining pumping success. The pumping guides recommend gazing at a picture of your child and shutting out all other thoughts to have a productive session, which for me, also included imagining the hormonal cascade of oxytocin flowing from the posterior pituitary like a soothing waterfall in Hawaii. I even obtained a hands-free set that promised to revolutionize pumping for the professional woman. For such a claim, the set itself was surprisingly low-tech, basically employing various-sized rubber bands and clip-on plastic, multispoked funnel adapters. The end result was fairly good: I was able to pump and type on my keyboard at the same time, although the extra time and effort involved to connect all of the rubber bands, eyelets, and hooks might have required an engineering degree. Pumping in my office with the door closed, I occasionally faced an interesting dilemma: what to do if someone knocks on my door? I couldn't easily stop because that required turning off the machine, disconnecting myself, storing everything in a position to reduce accidental spilling (which would happen not so rarely), and possibly limiting milk output for the session. Should I pretend I'm not in here? But surely they can hear the telltale rhythmic sounds of the pumpthat would be rude. Once, it was a couple of students and I was truly at a loss for words. I finally blurted, Can you come back later? in a cheerily strained voice. After that incident, I just pretended I wasn't there. Clinic was a time crunch, big time. Those afternoons that I was in clinic seeing a full panel of patients, yet needing to fit in a pumping session, often became a game of chance. I had my pumping kit with me and whenever an opportunity presented itself (late patient or no-show), I could spring into action: lock the door, plug in, connect tubes, hook up, and pray that I did not hear a knock on my door. The charts piled up outside my door while I imagined my daughter and Hawaiian waterfalls. It inevitably meant that I would be running late, sometimes very late. After a clinic pumping session, I had to do everything in reverse: unhooking, disconnecting, unplugging, cleaning my equipment, drying, and running to the staff lounge to throw my insulated storage bag in the refrigerator. Occasionally, I just didn't have the time to pump, which threw off my whole pumping schedule and meant yielding less milk that day and considerable discomfort. I nursed my daughter until she was between 9 and 10 months old. Was it worth it? Absolutely. Knowing that I was providing my daughter with all of her nutrition meant a lot, especially after going back to work and not being with her all day anymore; pumping brought me back to her. It caused me to reflect on how important this life was and how everything else could, and should, wait. It certainly was not a walk in the park, but it is a walk I would do again, in a single manic mothering minute.


The rheological properties of wheat flour dough and qualities of bread prepared with 0, 10, and 20% of dietary fiber slurry extracted and purified from ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) tunic were investigated. Water absorption of the dough increased with the increase of dietary fiber slurry. Both arrival and development time of the dough with 10 and 20% dietary fiber slurry added were shorter than those of the control. An increase in the added amount of the dietary fiber slurry resulted in an increase of weakness. The dough's extensibility and resistance to extension were decreased, and the ratio of resistance to extensibility (R/E) decreased with the increase in the dietary fiber slurry. The maximum viscosity gradually decreased with the increase in the amount of dietary fiber slurry, while the temperature of gelatinization was not changed. Both loaf and specific volume of bread were slightly decreased with an increase in the amount of dietary fiber slurry. Overall preference scores by sensory evaluation and the quality characteristics of the bread with up to 20% dietary fiber slurry added was not significantly different from those of the control(p


Does culture in high relative humidity conditions (HC) improve ongoing pregnancy rates when using a time-lapse system (TLS) for embryo culture?

 Using The use of a TLS under HC does not increase the likelihood a pregnancy in comparison with cultured in dry condition (DC).

 Factors potentially affecting embryo development demand precise control in the IVF laboratory environment, especially for correct incubator usage. TLS provide stability during embryo culture, which is a well-known key factor for undisturbed embryo development. The humidity content of embryo culture atmosphere is especially relevant to prevention of oscillations in culture media osmolality. Previous data suggest that culture under HC has a significant effect on embryo quality and morphokinetics. However, studies assessing the effect of HC on clinical outcome are rare and inconclusive.

 A retrospective study of 299 women undergoing their first ICSI cycle from April 2021 to December 2021, of whom patients assigned to dry or humid conditions were 184 and 115, respectively.

 We used a GERI incubator, with 6 separated chambers for individual patients (3 HC, 3 DC). The effect of HC on ongoing pregnancy rate was assessed by the propensity matched sample, to reduce potential differences between women undergoing either HC or DC and to obtain unbiased estimation of treatment effect. Variables included in the propensity score model were female age, AMH, FSH, BMI, partner's age, sperm quality and number of embryos transferred.

 Patient demographics were homogeneously distributed in the two study groups. After adjusting for several confounding variables and applying the Propensity Score, no statistically differences were observed for embryo quality on day 3 [51,64 ± 34,33 (DC) Vs 53,83 ± 30,71 (HC)], blastulation rate [45,5% ± 22,60 (DC) Vs 45,9 ± 22,80 (HC)] and ongoing pregnancy rate. A trend was observed of increased ORs for ongoing pregnancy in HC conditions [OR = 1.56, 95% CI (0,77-3,15), p=0.21].

 The study is limited by its retrospective design, although a propensity score model may mitigate such a limitation. The lack of data on live birth rate is an additional limitation.

 These results suggest that HC conditions does not increases the likelihood of embryos to achieve an ongoing pregnancy with respect to those cultured in dry conditions. Further data collection and analysis are ongoing to investigate more thoroughly and extended clinical outcome results.

 N.A.


Significant growth in demand for bottled drinking water with many varieties and wide distribution area has resulted a long and complicated logistic process. The product is packaged using carton box to ease logistics process. The high level of the carton box damage during the logistic process is one of the problem occurs. This study tried to perform analysis of the problem using an integrated analysis of microergonomic and macroergonomic as called as mesoergonomic. Some hypotheses are developed to know the variables relation and their effects to the problem. The results of this study are expected to shed light on the relationship level of product packaging damage during logistic process in the industry.


The Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 strain with excellent ethanol‐producing capabilities was the first strain of Z. mobilis, which was sequenced. This strain is resistant to transformation, and no previous study has shown a detailed protocol for electrotransfer of ZM4 with foreign DNA. In this work, many electrical and biological parameters were selected and evaluated in order to optimize the electrotransformation of ZM4. First, improved transformation efficiencies of 11 896, 99, 96 and 5989 transformants/μg DNA were separately achieved with shuttle plasmid pZB21‐mini (3082 bp), pZB21 (5930 bp), pZA22 (6994 bp) and broad‐host‐range vector pBBR1MCS‐2 (5144 bp) all prepared from Escherichia coli JM110. The crucial factors affecting the transformation efficiency included the source of the plasmid (the best strain was ZM4), origin and size of the plasmids, growth phase of the cells (the most ideal phase was early log phase with OD600 of 0.3–0.4), the electric field strength (generally 11.75 kV/cm–13.25 kV/cm) and the recovery time (3–24 h). Further, based upon the optimal transformation protocol mentioned above for replicative plasmids in ZM4, (i) the electrotransformation by recombinant plasmid pBBR1MCS‐2‐Pgap‐FLP (6880 bp) was an immediate success with the transformation efficiency 102 transformants/μg DNA; (ii) the site‐specific integration efficiencies (expressed in terms of "per μg of DNA") of 3–6 integrating transformants was obtained using the integrating plasmid pBR328‐ldhR‐cml‐ldhL (7447 bp). This study will assist genetic and biotechnological research of ZM4 and other Z. mobilis strains by providing information about suitable vectors and a more universal and reliable procedure for introducing DNA into this strain.


In the October 1974, issue of American Antiquity (39:616–17) Dudley M. Varner contributes a note on "Two Ethnographic Functions of Bird-Form Pottery from Oaxaca, Mexico." He notes, without citing evidence, the archaeological occurrence of similar forms from the southern half of North America. The example illustrated was purchased in Yalalag, Oaxaca, and he cites two Zapotec informants from the same village about the functions of this form among the neighboring Mixe who made it. One function is that the handle remains cool when the toe of the vessel is pushed into the coals of a fire. The second he cites is that three such vessels provide a support for the comal or ceramic cooking griddle and says that knobs or ridges on the toe-end of many Oaxaca shoe forms were specifically designed for this purpose.


Two new natural products have been isolated from culture broth of Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx. The structures have been assigned as N-(2-methyl-3-oxodecanoyl)pyrrole and N-(2-methyl-3-oxodec-8-enoyl)pyrrole on the basis of spectral data. Synthesis of analogues has been carried out by acylation of the pyrrole ring at C2 with different acylated Meldrum's acids. Two analogues (6b and 7b) have shown interesting insecticidal activities, and three other ones (6a, 6c, and 7a) have exhibited significant broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. These synthetic products might be considered as a starting point in the search for new pesticides. Keywords: Penicillium brevicompactum; fungal metabolites; Meldrum's acid; 2-(3-oxoacyl)pyrrole; insecticide; fungicide


We have suggested a highly precise method for determining piezooptic coefficients, which relies on a knowledge of 2D spatial distribution of mechanical stresses in a crystalline disk compressed along its diameter. Relevant theoretical relations that describe piezooptic effect in the crystals belonging to the point symmetry group 3m have been derived. The method has been successfully verified in the experiment dealing with LiNbO3 crystals.


The possibility of locating a pattern directly in a text which has been encoded by a static Huffman code is investigated. The main problem is one of synchronization, as an occurrence of the encoded pattern in the encoded text does not necessarily correspond to an occurrence of the pattern in the text. A simple algorithm is suggested which reduces the number of false hits. The probability of false matches is analyzed and empirically tested.


BACKGROUND
Progressive telomere shortening with age or chronic inflammation may lead to genomic instability that characterizes the early stage of carcinogenesis. Certain risk factors, such as drinking alcoholic beverages, or smoking, predispose the oral mucosa to squamous cell carcinoma. The ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes can influence the risk of cancer due to alcohol drinking. In the present study, we analyzed chromosomal instability due to telomere shortening in the oral mucosa in relation to cancer risk factors.

DESIGN
Using our quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) technique, we estimated telomere lengths (TL) in the background mucosa from 23 cases of mucosal carcinoma, 12 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, and 21 non-neoplasia cases. ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes were determined using DNA extracted from paraffin sections. We analyzed TL in relation to alcohol drinking, smoking, and cancer multiplicity.

RESULTS
Telomeres in the backgrounds of dysplasia and mucosal carcinoma were significantly shorter than in controls. In comparison with adult controls, telomeres were significantly (p = 0.038) shorter in the ADH1B less-active type (ADH1B*1/*1), but not (p = 0.841) in the ALDH2 inactive type (ALDH2 *1/*2 or *2/*2). Cancer multiplicity and smoking had no significant relationship with TL.

CONCLUSION
Telomeres in the oral epithelium are shorter in cases of oral dysplasia or mucosal carcinoma than in non-neoplasia. Unlike the esophageal epithelium of alcoholics, they are also shorter in individuals with the less-active rather than the active ADH1B gene. Telomeres in the oral epithelium may be directly affected by alcohol drinking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Weldability and Hardenability are the two interrelated terms.It is generally said that materials with good hardenability have poor weldability and vice versa. But no quantitative analysis has been done in this regard. This paper is an effort to correlate weldability and hardenability quantitavely. It has been mathematically verified that Weldability varies as the inverse of Hardenability.


Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grows on marginal soils that could be frequently subjected to water-deficit conditions. Mechanisms of grass plants in response to drought stress and rewatering remain largely unknown. The study was designed to investigate the different physiological and molecular responses of two genotypes of orchardgrass (drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' and drought-sensitive '01998') to drought stress and rewatering. The 'Baoxing' and '01998' were exposed to drought stress for 24 and 21 days in a growth chamber, respectively, allowing the leaf relative water content of both genotypes to drop to the same level (20%). 'Baoxing' exhibited higher net photosynthetic rate, free proline content, total soluble sugar (TSS) content and ornithine aminotransferase activity as well as lower electrolyte leakage compared with '01998'. After rewatering, 'Baoxing' recovered more rapidly in all parameters than '01998' except for TSS. In addition, significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) as well as lower malondialdehyde levels were observed in the 'Baoxing' when compared with the '01998' under drought stress and rewatering. Maintenance of higher transcripts levels of SOD and POD in 'Baoxing' suggests that SOD and POD could be involved in scavenging oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen and removing hydrogen peroxide in orchardgrass through changes in the level of gene expression. Combined with antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression levels, our results indicate that POD could play critical roles in recovery from drought damages. The results indicated both osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant enzymes could contribute to a better drought tolerance of 'Baoxing' than '01998'.


This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the PBL-STEM model in online learning to improve students' scientific attitudes in Work and Energy materials. This research is a pre-experimental study with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Online learning used Google Classroom and Jitsi Meet applications. Both applications are used because they are easier to use compared to other distance learning application programs. The results showed that N-gain of the scientific attitudes was 0.47, and the students' response to learning was 81%, which means that it is categorized as good. The aspect that has the highest N-gain is the aspect of Intense Curiosity . This research concludes that online learning using PBL-STEM model is effective to improve students' scientific attitudes. Keywords: PBL-STEM, Work and energy, Scientific attitudes DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-04 Publication date: October 31 st 2020


I am B.E.F. When I was seventeen, the white folks was wanted to take me away from my mother because I was a good worker, but she didn't agree to it because my father was dead, and no one there but my mother and I. They wanted me to run off from home and work for them. Because I didn't they arrested me claiming that I stole a cow. But no alterdavis was made out against me. They arrested me May 20, 1910 and kept me in jail until October. They sentenced me October 26, to the prison for five years and then I was back home in 1914 when I got married. I have seen some bad things done in Amite, such as a man whose name was lssac Simond who had gone to Jackson and redeemed his land of taxes and got title for him and his father and the white folks wanted to buy his timber and he wouldn't seel it to them. They went to his home one Sunday morning, six of them. They stuck a knife in his jaw and led him to the car, and put him and his son in the car and they drove down the road toward the church and got out the car to get a switch to whip him but he got out the of the


ABSTRACTReligion and spirituality have often been defined over against each other. The spontaneous, emotional and experiential nature of the spirit has been seen as preferential to the structured, ...


Recently the investigation in the field of display technology has been boosted by the availability of new materials. The mostly promised solution for that looks to be based on an antiferroelectric liquid crystalline materials (AFLC). The new group of materials consisting of a fluorinated terminal chain has been recently synthesized in Poland [1]. Such key factors as the optical indices, apparent tilt angle, and structural properties and electrooptical performance of these materials have been studied. The effect of the bend (hockey stick like) molecular shape has been assumed as a factor leading to an high apparent optical tilt angle. The relation between the apparent optical tilt angle and the tilt measured using XRD method and its change with the temperature has been explained.


I predict that during the next ten years, literacy levels of graduating seniors will be higher. Emphasis will shift from developing strong elementary reading programs to developing ones to provide support for secondary students. Attainment of literacy has proved to be elusive for too many, but this will change. Most important at this level will be the emphasis on parental involvement. Schools have used the talents and resources of parents to increase services to elementary pupils. This effort is now being extended upward to the secondary schools.


used for A1AT deficiency panniculitis. Dapsone, doxycycline, minocycline and colchicine are reported to be useful, while A1AT augmentation or liver transplantation may be needed in severe cases. The role of genetic engineering in producing A1AT is being investigated. From our review of the literature, there has been one previous report of A1AT deficiency panniculitis occurring during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This patient failed to respond to prolonged courses of oral steroids (prednisolone 60 mg daily), and therapy was therefore discontinued. After several months, the lesions resolved spontaneously. During pregnancy, levels of acute-phase proteins such as A1AT rise to about 2–3 times the normal range. This increase is a response to oestrogen-promoted biosynthesis of A1AT. It also occurs in patients with A1AT deficiency, including the MS, MZ and SZ phenotypes. Postpartum, the levels of A1AT fall dramatically to the usual subnormal levels. It could be hypothesized that this precipitous fall was responsible for revealing the panniculitis in our patient.


Wavelet basis functions were introduced into analysis of interface crack for its properties of compact supprot and high resolution.It adopted Interpolation method of different resolution for properties of stress singularity in interface.Waveletnumerical algorithm based on generalized variational principles was proposed.A numerical example is provided to verify the proposed algorithm.


We report on the experimental demonstration of an all-fiber high power supercontinuum (SC) source. The SC generation is achieved in a piece of high nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber (PCF) which is pumped by an actively harmonic mode-locked picoseconds fiber laser. It can produce pulses with duration of 8 ps at 1.1037 GHz repetition rate with a central wavelength of 1059 nm and provide average output power of 20 mW. After four-stage power amplifier, the laser average power is amplified to 79.1 W. By launching the maximum average power laser into the PCF, we get an average power up to 34 W in a SC extending from around 570 nm to beyond 1700 nm with a 1048 nm 10 dB flatness.We report on the experimental demonstration of an all-fiber high power supercontinuum (SC) source. The SC generation is achieved in a piece of high nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber (PCF) which is pumped by an actively harmonic mode-locked picoseconds fiber laser. It can produce pulses with duration of 8 ps at 1.1037 GHz repetition rate with a central wavelength of 1059 nm and provide average output power of 20 mW. After four-stage power amplifier, the laser average power is amplified to 79.1 W. By launching the maximum average power laser into the PCF, we get an average power up to 34 W in a SC extending from around 570 nm to beyond 1700 nm with a 1048 nm 10 dB flatness.


Objective : Irregular and rapid growth of cities in recent years, adverse consequences, including an increase in crime has had on them. The urbanization of view of criminology, creates more opportunities for crime. Methodology: What is certain is that some places because of certain physical spatial structure as well as the conditions and characteristics of the cultural, social and economic population, the greater the opportunity for the occurrence and incidence of crime. The city is considered. Criminal justice (judicial system approach) not. Results: Criminal policy based primarily on the responses of government over drug offenses, including criminal and turns, but in the Ghyrkyfry governing the prevention and treatment responses, the role of governmental institutions and organizations is considerable. Conclusion: Motivation By Individual And A place of crime Creation Environment, Every Two At Delinquent Importance There are certain minimal, Every Several Analysis Every One From Two Factor To One Size Easy Do not appear.


According to the installation and construction characters of No.3 stadium project of Harbin International Sports Conference Exhibition Center,it was introduced the construction techniques of steel pipe truss,such as assembling,hoisting and overhead butt joint installation and so on.


The purpose of the evaluation was to assess the performance of the Subprogramme in relation to the overall plans and priorities of UNEP. The report, therefore, presents the appropriateness of the Subprogramme to UNEP priorities as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of the programme delivery. The success or failure in achieving the expected outputs, the constraints and lessons learnt are also reviewed in the report. Specific recommendations on how to improve and strengthen biodiversity activities are also suggested.


Neurofuzzy networks are often used to model linear or nonlinear processes, as they can provide some insights into the underlying processes and can be trained using experimental data. As the training of the networks involves intensive computation, it is often performed off line. However, it is well known that neurofuzzy networks trained off line may not be able to cope successully with time-varying processes. To overcome this problem, the weights of the networks are trained on line. In this paper, an on-line training algorithm with a computation time that is linear in the number of weights is derived by making full use of the local change property of neurofuzzy networks. It is shown that the estimated weights converge to that obtained from the least-squares method, and that the range of the input domain can be extended without retraining the network. Furthermore, it has a better ability in tracking time-varying systems than the recursive least-squares method, since in the proposed algorithm a positive definite submatrix is added to the relevant part of the covariance matrix. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation examples and compared with that obtained using the recursive least-squares method.


Purpose – Changing language ideology and the decreased popularity of overt feminism suggest that aspiring female managers may be less influenced than senior women managers by the gender of the speaker in evaluating whether specific communication strategies are effective and probable. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 255 second‐year female management students evaluate strategies for the same workplace dilemmas as senior women managers (Barrett).Findings – For short‐ and medium‐term dilemmas students, like senior women managers, regard masculine communication strategies with a feminine element as effective. They are less influenced by the speaker's gender than senior women managers in evaluating the strategies' probability. But when seeking promotion, students avoid some strategies they consider effective, and believe men would use. Students' confidence as communicators affects their personal choice of strategy.Research limitations/implications ...


Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and adenocarcinoma account for considerable morbidity in aging men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful biomarker in the diagnostics along with digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography.

Objective: To analyze various clinicopathological features in benign and malignant prostatic lesions and correlate the histologic findings with pre-operative PSA level for confirmation of diagnosis in cases with a diagnostic dilemma.

Material and Methods: The study included 112 prostatic tissue specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, over the period of 2-year from October 2014 to September 2016. Relevant clinical data and serum PSA value was recorded, and Gleason's microscopic grading was used to grade malignant lesions.

Results: Mean age of presentation was 66.5 ± 10.67 years with maximum incidence in the seventh decade of life. BPH (68.79%) was the most common lesion followed by adenocarcinoma (25%). Other lesions encountered were Prostatitis (2 cases), high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (2 cases), adenosquamous carcinoma (1 case), atypical small acinar proliferation (1 case), and retention cyst (1 case). The most common Gleason score was score 7 (55.17%) followed by score 9 (10.34%) and score 6 (6.9%). Pattern 4 was most common predominant pattern. Serum PSA level was correlated in benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusion: With increasing awareness and life expectancy in the current era, histopathological evaluation of prostatic biopsies is mandatory to avoid pitfalls in clinical diagnosis aided by serum PSA assay and other investigations.


The performances of automation systems are strongly linked to the performances of their control architecture. These architectures are the merger of a hardware structure – industrial computers and logic controllers connected to networks and fieldbuses – and of software components – implantation control functions. To manage these performances, the control engineer must evaluate them at each stage of the life cycle: from the project requirements to the setup stage, including the detailed design. In this paper, we present a method which evaluates timed performances of networked automation system and which guides the engineer throughout the control architecture development. A modular design has been retained to model the dynamic behaviour of the control architecture using Timed Coloured Petri Nets. To begin we present the design of generic modular models and we explain how these modules are instantiated and assembled to build the dynamic model of a whole control architecture. Next we present some enrichments of the assembled model in order to simulate the behaviour of the control architecture. These complements are some event generators – to excite the models – and some event observers – to detect, to date and to log the relevant events. Then we present the simulation results of four different timed performances on the same architecture. These results take the form of histograms of 10,000 simulated delays for each evaluated performance. Finally, the method suggested for the model construction is validated. by confrontation between the results of model simulation and the measurement of the real control architecture.


: Young people who are classified as active youth, some of whom have the initiative to enter into micro-scale entrepreneurship. The enthusiasm of the entrepreneurial youth was followed up by the STIA Adabiah Community Service team by helping them overcome several problems that are generally experienced by businesses, especially in the field of financial reports. Therefore, this community service is carried out with the aim of helping to start a business in neat and correct financial records through the delivery of basic financial knowledge. The method chosen is by providing counseling and training. The results of this community service activity are practical and simple guidelines in the form of guidelines for micro businesses in making simple financial reports that are applied to Microsoft Excel which are summarized in the form of PKM STIA Adabiah material.


Due to their sufficient distances and prevalence, lensed quasars have been a key site for research in gravitational lensing. In particular, researchers are interested in constraining Hubble's constant by measuring time delays in the arrival times of multiply imaged quasars. However, a lens model will need to be created that accounts for not just the lensing galaxy, but also any perturbers nearby that could affect the light path. Even galaxy groups can have their influence when accounting for the group as a whole. Here, the J1537-3010 lensed quasar environment is investigated, and redshifts of 58 targets have been identified using Gemini-IRAF and The RANSAC Assisted Spectral CALibration (RASCAL) to reduce spectroscopic data from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS). An additional 19 redshifts were also supplied by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) from the immediate surroundings of the lensing galaxy. The success rate is roughly 45% across all four masks, less than the expected 60%-70%. We expect that masking out a bad amplifier contributed to the lower redshift calculation rate, as well as spurious wavelength solutions on the blue end. With these redshifts, flexion shifts ∆ 3 x were measured to determine if the observed target or identified group should be included in the lens model; only those with a log 10 ( ∆ 3 x Auger ) > -4 are considered for the lens model. An accurate lens model is fundamental for constraining the measurements of the time-delays of the quasar images and, thereby, constraining measurements for Hubble's constant H 0 . So far, flexion shifts for all combined 77 targets were measured, as well as flexion shifts for two identified groups at z ≈ 0.394 and z ≈ 0.587


This study aims to enhance spatial reuse by using the new features of IEEE 802.11ax WLANs. Since the wireless medium is a shared medium and there may be multiple basic service sets (BSS) in the same vicinity, BSSs may overlap, and interference occurs. In this situation, BSSs cannot transmit simultaneously due to the exposed node problem. The IEEE 802.11ax standard has a couple of mechanisms to resolve these spectral efficiency problems. One of the most effective mechanisms that address these problems is the overlapping BSS preamble detection (OBSS/PD) mechanism. OBSS/PD mechanism uses the color mechanism to distinguish OBSS signals. By using a signal threshold, the mechanism can ignore some of the signals, which cause interference. In this paper, we propose a rate-adaptive dynamic OBSS/PD threshold algorithm that tracks the changes in transmission rate and dynamically adjusts the threshold step by step considering the changes.


The papers compiled in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the first International Symposium on "Advances in Targeted Therapies—TNFα Blockade in Clinical Practice", which was held in March 1999. As such they represent the state of the art on the biology, mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of TNFα as well as the current knowledge on means and consequences of blocking this important cytokine.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Feldmann, Klareskog, Lipsky, Maini, Moreland and Weinblatt, the members of the Advisory Board of the Symposium, for …


A new method based on the Coanda effect for self oscillation of a circular jet bounded by rectangular enclosure is suggested. The flow pattern is observed by an experiment for water flow by using a light sheet and a domestic movie camera. And the experiments in both air and water reveal regions of stable oscillation wherein relationships are obtained between geometrical dimensions of the enclosure.


Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides protection for freedom of thought, conscience and religion. From one perspective, it may be said that Article 9 guarantees a right to conscientious objection in health care, whereas from another perspective, a Strasbourg case, such as Pichon and Sajous v France, effectively means that Article 9 provides little or no protection in that context. In this article it is argued that the matter is more complex than either of these two positions would suggest. Moreover, given the nature of the subject matter, national authorities should be afforded a significant margin of appreciation in the way that they protect and regulate conscientious objection. By way of illustration, there is a discussion of the ways in which Article 9 might affect conscientious objection in health care under English law. The final part of the article considers the conceptual limitations of Article 9 in thinking about conscientious objection in health care; in particular, the claim that the extent to which Article 9 of the Convention provides protection for a conscientious objection in the health care context is a different question from whether conscientious objection by doctors and other health care practitioners is justified in principle.


In this paper, the study of five tombs found in Navarre and dated in the Early Middle Age is presented. One of the tombs is found in the Visigothic Necropolis of Gomacin (Puente la Reina) (7th cent. AD), two in the maqbara of La Plaza del Castillo (Pamplona) (8th cent. AD) and the two remaining in the maqbara of La Calle de Herrerias (Tudela) (9th –11th cents. AD). The skeletons correspond to adult women dead while pregnant. The fetal age corresponds in four cases to fetuses at term, while the fifth one is identified as an immature fetus of 22-23 weeks of gestation. Besides being pregnant, the women show diverse pathological alterations, although none would justify their deaths.


The interactive method of interface boundary elements (IBEs) and partitioned finite elements (PFEs) is proposed for solving such problems as local continuous/discontinuous deformation (i.e., landslide, concrete cracking, rock mass joints, and internal contraction joints) in concrete dams. The system is divided into continuous displacement bodies and continuous stress joints. The continuous displacement bodies are solved using PFE with the nodal displacements treated as variables, and the rigid displacements in each body and the constraining internal forces on the boundary interface are solved using IBE based on the continuous stress condition and the static force equilibrium condition in each body. Each IBE consists of all interface boundary nodes in a body, and the flexibility matrix is formed using PFE or theoretical analysis. Using this method, a nonlinear iteration procedure is carried out only on the possible discontinuous interface, an approach that greatly improves the computational efficiency. Three numerical examples are used to verify the correctness and validity of the proposed method. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Abstract Type IV pili (T4P) are virulence factors in various pathogenic bacteria of animals and plants that play important roles in twitching motility, swimming motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion to host cells. Here, we genetically characterized functional roles of a putative T4P assembly protein TapV (Rsc1986 in reference strain GMI1000) and its homologue Rsp0189, which shares 58% amino acid identity with TapV, in Ralstonia solanacearum. Deletion of tapV, but not rsp0189, resulted in significantly impaired twitching motility, swimming motility, and adhesion to tomato roots, which are consistent as phenotypes of the pilA mutant (a known R. solanacearum T4P‐deficient mutant). However, unlike the pilA mutant, the tapV mutant produced more biofilm than the wild‐type strain. Our gene expression studies revealed that TapV, but not Rsp0189, is important for expression of a type III secretion system (T3SS, a pathogenicity determinant of R. solanacearum) both in vitro and in planta, but it is T4P independent. We further revealed that TapV affected the T3SS expression via the PhcA–TapV–PrhG–HrpB pathway, consistent with previous reports that PhcA positively regulates expression of pilA and prhG. Moreover, deletion of tapV, but not rsp0189, significantly impaired the ability to migrate into and colonize xylem vessels of host plants, but there was no alteration in intercellular proliferation of R. solanacearum in tobacco leaves, which is similar to the pilA mutant. The tapV mutant showed significantly impaired virulence in host plants. This is the first report on the impact of T4P components on the T3SS, providing novel insights into our understanding of various biological functions of T4P and the complex regulatory pathway of T3SS in R. solanacearum.


Summary In this paper the profile of an improved aspheric plate is obtained which minimizes the off- axis errors of Schmidt cameras over a given field. In the case of monochromatic systems these errors are reduced to two-fifths those of the classical Schmidt if axial stigmatism is retained or to one-third if some spherical aberration is introduced into the system. In the case of chromatic systems a method is given of calculating the equation of the profile which minimizes the overall errors for different spectral ranges over given fields.


The following approach is used to mine for temporal-spatial patterns in large data sets. We rst present a parameterizable model for spatial-temporal sequences, then devise eecient ways to search for parameter values that will result in a good t to (at least portion of) the data. Metrics for how well the model ts the data are deened which are similar to the support and conndence used in association rule mining and a new metric called density is proposed. A user speciies thresholds for these metrics and, based on properties of the class of models we are attempting to t to the data, the search space can be drastically pruned. Experimental results on real and synthetic data sets demonstrate the eeciency of our algorithm.