During the self-written waveguides process, the optical waveguide trajectories formed in an AA/PVA a photopolymer material photosensitive at 532 nm are examined. The largest index changes taking place at any time during the exposure, i.e. during SWW formation are found at the positions where the largest light intensity is present.


Metal concentration in sediments samples from two vibracores in the Tinto river estuary it has been determined. The enrichment factors (EF) of metal associated to sulphide deposits (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and As), in most cases, is over 2. Cu, Zn and As have much higher EF, over 10 in surficial samples. The progressive shallowness of the estuary has undergone a relative increase in acidic river water volume with respect to seawater. This effect has originated a downstream displacement of acid mixing processes affecting the estuary, which is reflected in higher metal concentration in sediments of the outer zones of the system.


Background : No-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a clinical challenge. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been associated with reduced infarct size due to EPO's antiapoptotic and nitric oxide enhancing effects. We aimed to assess the association between EPO serum levels measured on admission and angiographic no-reflow in patients undergoing primary PCI. Methods : From a consecutive series of 60 patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction within 12 h of chest pain onset and undergoing successful primary PCI (i.e. residual stenosis Results : Patients with and without no-reflow did not differ significantly in age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors or standard therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombus aspiration was used in 16 patients (32%) whereas abciximab in 31 (63%), and they did not differ between the two groups. Patients with angiographic no-reflow had lower EPO serum levels compared to those having angiographic reflow (4.2 (0.56 –9.5) vs 12.2 (5.7–20.2) mUI/ml, p=0.001). The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was the culprit vessel in 83% of patients having no-reflow as compared to 30% of those having reflow (p Conclusion : These data suggest a significant role for EPO in modulating microcirculatory injury after mechanical reperfusion in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.


A prototype direct mod'e natural convection mud type solar dryer was designed, fabricated and tested. Mud was selected as a major dryer material based on its thermal properties, availability and workability by the rural dwellers who .are the end users. Consequent to the laboratory test which dried maize from initial moisture content of 29 % wet basis to final moisture content of 12 % wet basis, three large scale mud type solar dryers of 400 kg capacity of maize grain, were constructed and each located at Jere, New-Wase and Kwaka, in Kaduna and Niger states of Nigeria respectively.150 kg of maize grain available from the farmers, at 30 % initial moisture content wet basis was dried at a batch in three replicates to 12 % moisture content wet basis, with the dryers. The dried crops were used to evaluate the large .. scale mud solar dryers. The results showed that the dryers achieved SS percent saving in drying time, with high quality dried crops, over the open sun drying. Also, the dryers and oven sun drying methods attained average system drying efficiencies of 45 .6 and 22. 7 percent in the same order. Oral interview conducted to randomized sample of farmers in Jere, New-Wase and Kwaka, showed that the farmers were willing to adopt mud solar dryer for drying their crops, because they normally work with mud, and can afford to own mud type solar dryers. Key words: Solar Energy, Mud, Dryer, Open sun, Farmers, Maize.


Normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity leading to rhythmic and episodic release of adrenal glucocorticoids is essential for body homeostasis and survival during stress. Acting through specific intracellular receptors in the brain and periphery, glucocorticoids regulate behavior, metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and neuroendocrine activities. In contrast to chronic elevated levels, circadian and acute stress-induced increases in glucocorticoids are necessary for hippocampal neuronal survival and memory acquisition and consolidation, through inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating glutamate transmission and inducing immediate early genes and spine formation. In addition to its metabolic actions leading to increasing energy availability, glucocorticoids have profound effects on feeding behavior, mainly through modulation of orexigenic and anorixegenic neuropeptides. Evidence is also emerging that in addition to the recognized immune suppressive actions of glucocorticoids by counteracting adrenergic proinflammatory actions, circadian elevations have priming effects in the immune system, potentiating acute defensive responses. In addition, negative feedback by glucocorticoids involves multiple mechanisms leading to limiting HPA axis activation and preventing deleterious effects of excessive glucocorticoid production. Adequate glucocorticoid secretion to meet body demands is tightly regulated by a complex neural circuitry controlling hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin secretion, the main regulators of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Rapid feedback mechanisms, likely involving non-genomic actions of glucocorticoids, mediate immediate inhibition of hypothalamic CRH and ACTH secretion, while Address for all correspondence and requests for reprints: Ernane Torres Uchoa, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo Brazil, Phone: 55 16 3602 3017, FAX: 55 16 3602 0221, firstname.lastname@example.com. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Neuroendocrinol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 12. Published in final edited form as: J Neuroendocrinol. 2014 September ; 26(9): 557–572. doi:10.1111/jne.12157. N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript intermediate and delayed mechanisms mediated by genomic actions involve modulation of limbic circuitry and peripheral metabolic messengers. Consistent with their key adaptive roles, HPA axis components are evolutionarily conserved, being present in the earliest vertebrates. Understanding these basic mechanisms may lead to novel approaches for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for disorders related to stress and alterations of glucocorticoid secretion.


Doctors and Para-medical staffs are quite prone to get HIV infection during the investigation and treatment of the patients or during post mortem examination from the injuries caused by needles, blades and various surgical & diagnostic instruments. According to Centre for Disease Control 5.05% HIV positive people are employed in the health care services[1]. This indicates that the thousands of doctors & paramedical staffs are exposed to the risk of getting HIV infection during discharge of their duties.


This paper introduces the status quo,causes and hazards of rocky desertification in Xinshao County,the train of thought and principles for biological control technology over rocky desertification land are also raised.And,according to the different site conditions for rocky desertification land,the different control modes are chosen.Finally,from the aspect of biological control technology,the solution method and channel is provided.


In the following Bachelor Thesis there will be presented brief overview of the media history, its main elements and its importance and influence on people's lives and art of doing business. The "Medium is a message" concept by Marshal McLuhan will be explained for better understanding of media development and its way of shaping people's perception of information, values and culture as well as people's role in shaping media. There will be also described main functions that media has in society in terms of information, education, entertainment, persuasion, interpretation, surveillance, linkage and socialization for understanding the volume of power, which is possessed by media in the nowadays world and often underestimated by people as media has already become inseparable part of our lives. Media, being major driving force in achieving success by almost every business, will examined and analyzed on the basis of particular companies, implementing effective media practices. Finally, social networks, gaining more and more power every year, play essential role in the communication strategy used with stakeholders and will be also taken into the consideration and explained on the example of Facebook.


The environmental protection of highway engineering construction should carry out the principles of "prevention first,combining prevention with control,comprehensive treatment",and set up the new idea of "original things are the best beauties,no destroying is the best protection,strive for minimum destroying in construction and maximum recovery after construction".


Numerous challenges persist that delay clinical interpretation of human genetic variants, to name a few: (1) un- structured PubMed articles are the most abundant source of evidence, yet their variant annotations are difficult to query uniformly, (2) variants can be reported many different ways, for example as DNA sequence change or protein modification, (3) historical drift in annotations over time between various genome reference assemblies and transcript alignments, (4) no single laboratory has sufficient numbers of human samples, necessitating precompetitive efforts to share evidence for clinical interpretation.


ABSTRACT Paired immunoglobulin (Ig)-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) and PILRβ are paired receptors that are highly homologous to each other. When engaged by ligand, PILRα is inhibitory whereas PILRβ is activating. PILRα is a newly identified herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) receptor and is associated with membrane fusion and entry activity of HSV-1. PILRα is a 303-amino-acid protein with an Ig-like V (variable)-type domain from amino acid 31 to 150, whereas PILRβ is a 217-amino-acid protein with an Ig-like V-type domain from amino acid 21 to 143. We report that PILRβ is not a receptor for HSV-1 and HSV-2. Domain swaps between PILRα and PILRβ reveal that the Ig-like V-type domain of PILRα, but not PILRβ, plays a critical role in cell membrane fusion activity and the binding of PILRα to gB. Individual replacement of 13 amino acids in PILRα showed that most of these mutations had no effect on cell fusion activity. However, mutation of the tryptophan residue at amino acid 139 significantly impaired cell fusion activity for HSV-1 and eliminated binding to gB.


Carbon-based nanostructures have been the center of intense research and development for more than two decades now. Of these materials, graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) layered material system, has had a significant impact on science and technology over the past decade after monolayers of this material were experimentally isolated in 2004. The recent emergence of other classes of 2D graphene-like layered materials has added yet more exciting dimensions for research in exploring the diverse properties and applications arising from these 2D material systems. For example, hexagonal-BN, a layered material closest in structure to graphene, is an insulator, while NbSe2, a transition metal di-chalcogenide, is metallic and monolayers of other transition metal di-chalcogenides such as MoS2 are direct band-gap semiconductors. The rich spectrum of properties that 2D layered material systems offer can potentially be engineered ondemand, and creates exciting prospects for using such materials in applications ranging from electronics, sensing, photonics, energy harvesting and flexible electronics over the coming years.


This paper presents results of an analytical study of the inelastic earthquake torsional response of a class of setback frame buildings. In the first part of the study, the modal response spectrum analysis procedure is utilized to determine the yielding strengths of structural members in an idealized but representative setback frame building model. Results are then presented for the inelastic dynamic response of this setback building model subjected to an ensemble of six earthquake ground motions. The results indicate that the modal response spectrum analysis procedure is inadequate for preventing excessive response leading to concentration of damage in vulnerable structural members, such as those in the tower near the notch and those in the base (the part of the structure below the tower) near the perimeter at the opposite side of the tower. The second part of the study develops a modified equivalent static force procedure for strength design of such setback frame buildings. Response analyses show that the proposed procedure results in improved and satisfactory inelastic performance of the selected class of setback frame buildings, having a wide range of realistic configurations.


Using the basic dynamic equation of rotary non-inertial system, the basic law of object's movement in the reference system of rotating about fixed axis, and the conditions of momentum conservation and conservation of momentum moment of objects are educed.


The flow field in the 180° curved duct with the rectangular section was measured by Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV).The mean velocity and the turbulent intensity of the flow field were investigated.At the radial location,except for the r*=0.1 location,the tangential velocity changed a little along the Z direction,and the tangential velocity decreased gradually until zero near the upper wall.The tangential velocity increased between 0° and 60°,while the tangential velocity decreased between 60° and 180° near the inner wall.On the contrary,the tangential velocity decreased between 0° and 60°,but the tangential velocity increased between 60° and 180° near the outer wall.In the 180° curved duct,the tangential velocity near the inner wall was larger than the tangential velocity near the outer wall.At the r*=0.1 location of 90°~180° longitudinal section,the tangential velocity had obvious fluctuation due to the boundary layer and secondary flow.The axial velocity was much less than the tangential velocity,and had a little change along the Z direction.The axial velocity showed significant positive and negative values,which indicated the existence of the secondary flow,and the center of secondary flow moved from the outer wall to the inner wall.The tangential intensity and axial turbulent intensity were about 0.1Vi with the same order of magnitude.The tangential turbulent intensity had an obvious fluctuation at the r*=0.1 location between 150° and 180°.But the axial turbulent intensity changed a little along the axial and radial direction.


Solutions of 2,5‐diphenyloxazole (PPO) in benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, and hexane are selectively excited by radiation in the wavelength region 3000–1100 A, and the resulting fluorescence is recorded. It is found that all four solvents transfer excitation energy to the solute in the region in which they strongly absorb. Possible implications of these results for γ and β excitation are considered.


Presented here is a total-Lagrangian displacementbased finite-element formulation for plates and shells undergoing large displacements and rotations. The theory fully accounts for geometric nonlinearities (large rotations),"general initial curvatures, and extensionality by using Jaumann stress and strain measures, an exact coordinate transformation, and a new concept of orthogonal virtual rotations. Moreover, transverse shear deformations are accounted for by using a first-order shear deformation theory with shear correction factors obtained by matching the shear strain energy and stress resultants with those of a layerwise higher-order shear deformation theory. A test fixture has been built for bending tests with different loading conditions. Large static deformation tests on a cantilevered steel plate have been performed. Methods of measuring large deformations involving large rotations and influence of gravity are studied. Experimental results are compared with finite-element results, and it shows that the finite-element model is accurate in predicting large deformations of flexible two-dimensional structures.


Injecting inhibitors to inhibit CO2 corrosion in oil-gas fields is a widely used method which has the advantages such as simpleness,being easy to use,economization on investment and yielding great results.The development of CO2 corrosion inhibitors is summarized in this paper.The inhibitors for CO2 corrosion are classified according to inhibitor single-component,snynergistic effects,application environments,environmental protection and so on.The trend of further development in this field is put forward.


Diatoms are one of the largest groups of primary producers in the oceans, yet despite their environmental importance little is known about their plastidial lipid biochemistry. It has been previously reported that Skeletonema species contain primarily C16/C16 and C20/C16 forms of mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). Likewise, it was also reported that Phaeodactylum tricornutum contains primarily C16/C16 and C20/C20 forms of MGDG and DGDG. We seek to relate their studies to other diatoms, both in the centrics and pennates, with particular focus on the marennine‐producing pennate diatom, Haslea ostrearia. To this end, the composition and positional distribution of fatty acids of MGDG and DGDG were examined using positive‐ion electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Two centric diatoms, Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira weissflogii, and the pennate diatom, P. tricornutum, contained primarily C20/C16 (sn‐1/sn‐2) and C18/C16 forms of MGDG and DGDG. The other pennate diatoms, H. ostrearia and Navicula perminuta, contained primarily C18/C16 or C18/C18 forms of MGDG and DGDG, indicating a previously unrecognized fatty acid diversity in diatom MGDG and DGDG.


ObjectiveTo understand the mental health and its influential factors on five year program nursing students in a medical university.MethodsSCL 90, RD 16 and Adolescent Self rating Life Events Check List were applied to survey the mental health status of 75 nursing students and 95 medicine majoring students.Results6 (8.5%) nursing students had mental problems. The GSI and factor scores at SCL 90 in nursingstudents were not significantly different from norm and form those in medicine majoring students, except the score at the item of psychoticism, in which the latter significantly scored higher than the former. The main positive factors in the nursingstudents consistedof sensitivity in interpersonal communication and psychoticism. Their high scores in GSI and all other factors at SCL 90 were positively interrelated with life events.ConclusionThe mental health conditions in nursing students are not significantly different from normal healthy people in common. The mental problems in some nursing student likely result from study pressure, poor social communicative ability and punishment . Therefore the enhancement of mental health educationamong nursing students is imperative.


This article examines assumptions about the possible cause–effect relationship between class size and student achievement, and why social work programs increasingly substitute non-tenure-track and part-time personnel for tenure-track faculty. Data are presented that cast doubt on previous conclusions that lowering mandated student–faculty ratio guidelines for MSW and BSW programs would improve student learning. The author suggests that programs have a monetary motive for the increasing use of non-tenure-track and part-time personnel. The author also discusses areas to focus on for improving student achievement beyond class size and the student–faculty ratio.


Vaccinium carmesinum is described as a new species of Ericaceae from Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. It is similar to V. platyphyllum Merrill and V. luzoniense S.Vidal but is distinct from the former by longer and wider leaves, longer racemes, longer bracts, glabrous corollas, and glabrescent fruits, and from the latter by longer petioles, leaf glands distributed along the blade margin, glabrous rachis, and lanate filaments. Vaccinium carmesinum bears the widest leaves among Philippine Vaccinium. Its discovery increases the number of Vaccinium species recognized in the Philippines to 37.


In this paper, the slipping friction is considered in the problem of a progressive wave of real fluids propagating over a permeable bottom.In the interface of soil and fluid, the "no-slip" condition is relaxed and a sliding friction coefficient is introduced. Thus, the slipping effect and the permeability of the bottom on the velocity near the seabed can be studied. The results indicate that the joint effect of slipping friction and permeability is crucial. The phenomena of overshooting also can be explained by this joint effect Keyword : Overshooting, No-slipping condition, Slipping factor, permeable bottom, Navier-Stokes Equation, the bottom thickness effect.


1. analyte meter, comprising: a port opening for the strip, adapted to receive the test strip, wherein the port opening for the strip passes to the port connector for strip adapted to electrically connect to electrodes placed on a test strip when the test strip inserted into the port opening for the strip, wherein said port connector strip comprising: a first contact strip for detecting the digital detection signal when the test strip is inserted into the port hole to the strip; and a second contact for detecting a digital sample of the detection signal when the sample is applied to a test strip inserted; Control itsep electrically connected to the first and second terminals, wherein the control circuit is adapted to maintain the analyte meter in low power mode in the absence of detection as a digital signal detection strip, and a digital signal obraztsa.2 detection. Meter according to claim analyte. 1, wherein the second contact is connected to an electronic switch for electrically connecting the second contact to the input sample detection control circuit when the analyte meter is in low power mode, wherein the electronic switch is controlled via upravleniya.3 chain. Meter according to claim analyte. 2, wherein the second contact is connected to an electronic switch for electrically connecting the second contact to a current analyte measurement circuit when the control circuit detects the detection strip as a digital signal and the digital detection signal sample, and wherein the control circuit switches measure the


The k-e model is combined with solving scalar joint probability density function (PDF)transportation equation. Using the reduced NOx formation mechanism proposed in reference[1], NOx emissions from turbulent nonpremixed methane-air jet flames are calculated.The numerical results show that our method is effective and promising for modeling pollutant emissions.


The Cyprinid genus Bangana Hamilton are widely distributed in South, Southeast and East Asia including Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Combodia, Laos, Vietnam and South China (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Kullander et al., 1999; Kottelat, 2001). Up to now, 24 species of Bangana have been reported (Zhang and Chen, 2006; Liu and Zhou, 2009), of which 4 species namely, B. almorae, B. ariza, B. dero and B. diplostoma reported from India. Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus (Bangana) dero from Brahmaputra River, India. It has been treated as Labeo dero (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Jayaram and Dhas, 2000; Jayaram, 2010). Bangana was treated as a valid genus by Kottelat (1984) and Kullander et al., (1999) recognized the species as Bangana dero.


Creation of constructs for plant transformation Transgenic modification of tuber carotenoid content The health benefits associated with the availability of carotenoids in the human diet are becoming increasingly apparent. Carotenoids cannot be synthesised by vertebrates and therefore need to be provided via dietary intake. There would be an undoubted benefit to health therefore if the carotenoid content and balance could be improved in a staple food such as potato. Tuber flesh colour can range from white through to orange and is a direct consequence of the presence of carotenoids. The molecular basis for this wide variation in tuber carotenoid content is not understood. The aim of this study is to compare carotenogenesis in white, yellow and orange-fleshed potato germplasm in order to reveal factors affecting carotenoid levels. This knowledge will then be used to identify possible targets for a transgenic approach. Carotenoid biosynthesis in plants


Short electric arc machining is a new type of special processing technology, and the method has many advantages such as no cutting force, high processing efficiency and little influence on thermal deformation, etc. In this paper, the features of several typical difficult-to-cut materials were introduced. And the principle and mechanism of short electric arc machining were analyzed. According to the trepanning machining characteristic, the system of the short electric arc in trepanning machining and the electrode tip were designed. By analyzing and comparing the experimental data, the relationship between the discharge area and peak current size was identified, the relationship between covering effect on the depth of material and electrode loss was identified, the relationship between different workpiece materials and processing speed was identified. The results of analysis and test show that the method of short electric arc trepanning processing has the feature of no cutting force, tool electrode is easy to manufacture, machining efficiency and is easy to control etc., it is an exploration of new methods to the difficult-to-cut material trepanning machining.


We have examined the photochemistry of a broad set of diketones 1-6 containing o-methyl substituents. Whereas sterically-congested diketones 1 and 2 are found to undergo diphotocyclization to afford high yields of bis-benzocyclobutenols (BCBs), photolysis of 3, 4 and 6, which are devoid of steric congestion, is found to lead to an intractable material; in these cases, the initially formed photoenols appear to derive stabilization from the second electron withdrawing group (electronic effect) such that other competing reactions become promoted. Quite remarkably, it is these ketones that undergo very efficient tandem photoenolization-Diels- Alder cycloaddition reactions in the presence of an excellent dienophile such as N- phenylmaleimide to yield novel Diels-Alder cycloadducts in near quantitative yields. Photolysis of sterically-encumbered ketones 1, 2 and 5 in the presence of N-phenylmaleimide is found to result in the suppression of the formation of benzocyclobutenols with virtually insignificant formation of the product; the short-lived photoenols appear to revert rapidly to the precursor ketones. Thus, we have unraveled a subtle role of steric and electronic factors in the diphotocyclization and 2-fold tandem photoenolization-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions of diketones.


In the South China Sea and the East China Sea, there exist favorable dynamic conditions and abundant hydrocarbon sources for forming hydrate. According to the long term observations of anomalously increased sea surface temperature scanned by satellite based thermal infrared, and the investigations of the gas geochemistry of bottom water, the authigenic minerals and the fluid composition, it was concluded that there exist strong degassing and hydrocarbon fluid activities in the submarine. The main composition of submarine gas in the southern and northern continental slopes of the South China Sea is CH 4, mainly biogenic for the southern slope and thermogenic for the northern slope. The gas of hydrothermal sedimentary region of the Okinawa Trough that is a part of the East China Sea, consists of 86% of CO 2 and 14% of CH 4, H 2, and H 2S; CO 2 is possibly from magma fluid and the other components are from decomposition activities of the land organic substance. The seismic geophysical studies were concentrated in northeastern, northern, southern slopes of the South China Sea and the southern Okinawa Trough. BSR marks show up in many places, but only for some areas of the northeast active continental margin and of the north passive continental margin the existence of BSR is rather credible and the investigation work has been done adequately. On the basis of studies of the hydrocarbon gases and the radioactive thermoluminescence in the sediments, the South and the East China Sea are divided into 6 geochemical anomalous regions. By synthetically comparing the geophysical, geochemical and geothermal data, we have preliminarily confirmed that: the Bijia'nan (Ⅰ), the Taixi'nan Dongsha (Ⅱ) anomalous regions are the most optimistically potential regions for gas hydrate formation; the Qiongdongnan Xisha Trough (Ⅲ), the Zhongjiannan Zhongyebei (Ⅳ) regions and the south part of Okinawa Trough (Ⅵ) are favorable for exploring hydrate, oil and gas; the Ⅲ and Ⅵ regions are more favorable for hydrate; the Ⅳ region is more favorable for traditional oil and gas. Generally speaking, the investigation work of Nansha area is far from adequate, but for the Nansha Trough Basin therein, the geophysical and geochemical anomalies are quite good for gas hydrate, which are worthy of further study. For the ODP 184 1144 site in the Taixi'n Dongsha potential region the depth of the gas anomaly and the pore water chlorinity anomaly are consistent with the BSR, which predicts the existence of gas hydrate.


Diamond attracts the interest of researchers from different fields due to its extraordinary properties. However, many applications demand diamond films over large areas hence limiting usage of natural diamonds. Here we compare two microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma systems with ellipsoidal and multimode clamshell cavity for diamond synthesis by chemical vapor deposition. We use H 2 /CH 4 /CO 2 gas mixture for diamond film deposition on Si <100> wafers. Both systems are capable of high pressure (up to 20 kPa) operation and high growth rates (several µm/h). We compare the cavity systems from the point of diamond quality (Raman shift measurement), substrate size (2" versus 4") and grown film homogeneity together with surface morphology (SEM), deposition rate and parasitic doping levels (photoluminescence). For instance, we show that by using the multimode operation of the clamshell cavity system and specially design sample holder, it is possible to sustain a plasma in a cavity and reach good enough process reproducibility and diamond film quality over 4-inch substrates. We discuss effects of the cavity design on deposited layers for large area applications of diamond such as thermal management, electrodes and sensor arrays fabrication, photoluminescence, photonics and light sources.


A 14-month-old girl was admitted with signs of paleness, weakness and swelling of the lymphnodes in the neck and inguinal. Histopatological examination of the lymphnodes showed histiocytosis X. X-photo of the skull and pelvic bones revealed several osteolysis. Based upon clinical manifestations and histopathological examination this diseases was diagnosed as the rare disease Hand-Schuller-Christian disease.


We developed a system to evaluate the skill of operating a hydraulic excavator using a remotely controlled (RC) excavator and virtual reality (VR) technology. We remodeled the RC excavator such that it can be operated in the same manner as an actual excavator, and proceeded to measure the excavator's state. To evaluate the skill of operating this system, we calculated several indices from data recorded during excavation work. We calculated the same indices from data recorded during excavation performed by an actual excavator, and verified that there exists a high correlation between the indices of the RC excavator and those of the actual excavator.


A man in his 70s presented with a 1-month history of vision loss in the right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the affected eye was limited to counting fingers at close range. The examination revealed a macular hole with associated retinal detachment in the right eye and features of pathological myopia in both eyes. A macular buckling surgery was performed and resulted in a successful anatomical and functional outcome. Postoperatively, at week 10, the patient developed diplopia and buckle exposure. Therefore, the buckle was removed. However, the patient maintained a BCVA of 20/250 with an attached retina and closed macular hole after 6 months of follow-up.


This anniversary coincides with the great jubilee of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - 150 years of the national spiritual center, which was established with the founding of the Bulgarian Literary Society in 1869. Together with the recognition a year later of the Bulgarian Exarchate, they are a worthy end to the national spiritual revival started by Paisii Hilendarski. The first president of the Bulgarian Literary Society prof. Marin Drinov and its members, prominent Bulgarian revivalists such as Dragan Tsankov and many others, participated in the First Great National Assembly in Tarnovo and in the writing of the first Bulgarian constitution, which established Bulgaria on the political map of Europe.


Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred choice in many applications due to their energy density, higher voltage, and negligible memory effects. Most commercial lithium-ion cell chemistries will start to degrade at or above $60^{\circ }\mathrm {C}$ and leads to rapid loss of capacity over subsequent charge/discharge cycles. Additionally, thermal runaway and propagation is a priority safety concern due to the possibility of serious fire, explosion and injury in the event the cells are physically damaged or short circuited. Thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs using latent heat systems (LHS Ⓡ) systems has proven highly effective for both improved pack performance and prevention of thermal runaway or propagation. In addition to prevention of thermal runaway and improved cell life, these systems provide for more homogenous pack temperatures, electrically insulative properties and less complex BMS system requirements.


In this paper, we propose a predictive(transient) connection admission control(CAC) scheme for satellite systems that supports on-board packet switching of multimedia traffic with predefined quality of service(QoS) requirements. The CAC scheme incorporates the unique characteristics of satellite systems, e.g. large propagation delays, no onboard buffer, and low computational requirement. The CAC scheme requires the estimation of the On-Off traffic characteristics (, ) of the traffic sources. These estimated values are used to predict the transient cell loss ratio at each downlink. In case the QoS requirements are not met the proposed CAC scheme rejects the new connection. The numerical results obtained suggest that the proposed scheme is an excellent candidate for real time burst and cell level connection prediction and control in broadband on-board satellite networks.


REIWA's 2014 market update says Kimberley house sales are at their lowest levels since 1990, while in the Pilbara, "Markets [are] falling to historic lows as demand evaporates."


Purpose: Several endoscopic injection agents are used to treat peptic ulcer bleeding. Fibrin glue induces no tissue damage. Recent studies with fibrin glue have shown promising but controversial clinical results. This study was designed to evaluate whether the adjunction of fibrin glue to epinephrine entails better clinical results than injection of epinephrine alone.


Although tobacco is a multi-billion-dollar industry globally, its consumers are prone to various non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, heart attack, etc. Therefore, to prevent this, many states have taken initiatives to discourage the consumption of this harmful product. Many international organizations like World Health Organization (WHO) have supported these preventive measures through The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). The main objective of this convention is to encourage the concept of packaging all brands of tobacco products in a uniform standard, which is known as the Plain packaging process. This was the first initiative adopted by Australia. This research aims to determine the intellectual property rights and public policy on the role of plain packaging and health care in India as a developing country and the best strategy to tackle these issues. The authors have also made efforts to have a comparative study of New Zealand, Australia, Bangladesh, etc for better understanding.


The ageing process of corn seeds is an important economical and quality factor in corn growing, therefore the study of the impact of factors that influence the quality of the seeds during the storage period as well as their interaction has to be carried out in order to improve the process of storing seeds. Different types of methods can limit the ageing process and expand the storing period, such as treatments applied to seeds in order to reduce the fungal, bacterial and other infestations as well as monitorig and creating a constant environment in the storage facilities, but a great influence in the storage capacity of corn seeds is due to the bilogical material, the corn hybrids.


abSTrac T Conceptualisations of media literacy often include the dimension of the media users' participation in media regulation or, more general, media governance. In doing so the expectation is stressed, that beyond the ability to participate in media-related communicative practices, literacy would also mean that media users engage in forming the technical, political, and economic conditions for communication processes. However, this aspect seems to be widely neglected when it comes to empirical research on patterns and levels of media literacy. As a consequence, talking about media users as actors of media governance sounds unfamiliar and somehow strange: Media politics and media regulation are rather done for media users and their interests – or sometimes rather against their interests – but almost never by media users. This article proposes a conceptual clarification of the potential roles of the audience and discusses them with regard to concrete instruments that could help to strengthen this aspect of media literacy and thus the role of audiences in media governance. KEy wor DS audience participation, media governance, media literacy, citizenship


[7789-69-7] Br5P (MW 430.47)

InChI = 1S/Br5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5

InChIKey = QRKVRHZNLKTPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(bromination agent for conversion of alcohols to bromides)

Alternate Names: phosphorus pentabromide.

Physical Data: mp 179–181 °C; The Merck Index (11th ed.) reports dec above 100 °C.

Solubility: sol CS2, CCl4.

Form Supplied in: yellow solid; commercially available.

Preparative Method: from Bromine 1 and Phosphorus(III) Bromide,1 with which it is in equilibrium.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive and highly toxic; stable if kept dry, but reacts violently with water; store under N2 at rt; use in a fume hood.


In the course of pharmaceutical engineering production training,the authors organize practical training content according to the production line process,and adopt enterprise management model during practical training.By this training model,students can understand the entire process of the raw material sourcing,new product development,pilot production,quality control and sale,also develop practical ability,quality management,and the capacity of role changes into the enterprise.


Recent study has foud that Louis Althusser's symptomatic reading is related directly with Friedrich Engels.In reading On Capital,he absorbed some ideas from it.Certainly,this outlook gives us great help to do some research on Althusser's whole thoughts.


The aim of this study was to obtain detailed information regarding the three‐dimensional structure of the gastro‐oesophageal region, and, in particular, the fiber orientation of the different muscle layers of the junction. This was achieved by a study of an en bloc resection of the gastro‐oesophageal junction (GOJ) harvested from a human cadaver. The excised tissue block was suspended in a cage to preserve anatomical relationships, fixed in formalin and embedded in wax. The tissue block was then processed by a custom‐built extended‐volume imaging system to obtain the microstructural information using a digital camera which acquires images at a resolution of 8.2 μm/pixel. The top surface of the tissue block was sequentially stained and imaged. At each step, the imaged surface was milled off at a depth of 50 μm. The processing of the tissue block resulted in 650 images covering a length of 32.25 mm of the GOJ. Structures, including the different muscle and fascial layers, were then traced out from the cross‐sectional images using color thresholding. The traced regions were then aligned and assembled to provide a three‐dimensional representation of the GOJ. The result is the detailed three‐dimensional microstructural anatomy of the GOJ represented in a new way. The next stage will be to integrate key physiological events, including peristalsis and relaxation, into this model using mathematical modeling to allow accurate visual tools for training health professionals and patients. Clin. Anat. 23:287–296, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


At a 2019 National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) Annual Convention roundtable presentation session, a group of Mexican American, Indonesian American, and African American middle level students took center stage. In those joyful moments, when young adolescents stood on equal footing with individuals holding institutional power to imagine educational change, the hierarchies shaping student-teacher relations were briefly disrupted. [...]as university students, teachers, and researchers on a decade-long researchpractice partnership that explores issues of educational equity and access alongside these young people and their families (Campano et al., 2016), we view challenging power asymmetries in the school system and foregrounding youth perspectives as central to our work. [...]they voted on three key topics-language access in schools, culturally responsive pedagogy (Ladson-Billings, 2014;Paris & Alim, 2017), and advanced classes for all-as areas of focus for subsequent youth meetings.


Treatment of fac(S)-[Ir(aet)3] (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) with acid in water gave a novel dinuclear Ir(III) complex, [Ir2(aet)4(cysta)]2+ (cysta = cystamine), in which two octahedral Ir(III) uni...


ABSTRACT TILE drainage data were collected and analyzed for a 16-yr period on 12 plots in central New York State. Seasonal evapotranspiration had a direct effect on average monthly tile flow. Eighty-four percent of the recorded tile flow occurred in the crop dormant months of November through April. Average annual and monthly precipitation were not found to be good indicators of tile flow.


Characterization neutron and gamma beams at the tangential beam port of TRIGA 2000 reactor was done in order to prepare the development of Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) facility. Characterization was performed by simulation using Monte Carlo method with MCNPX and PHITS computer codes. The MCNPX code was used to simulate the neutron-gamma fluence and energy spectra in the reactor core from fission reactions. The PHITS code was used to simulate the distribution of the neutron-gamma fluence and energy spectra in the tangential beam port. The simulation was done by modeling the geometry and elemental composition of reactor material and radiation source model in the form of fission reaction in the reactor core. The results indicate that the tangential beam port provides better neutron spectrum and neutron-gamma fluence ratio for PGNAA. These results will be used to simulate the colimator design and neutron interaction with samples in PGNAA facility.


Even as tower lighting spread in the Midwest, South, and far West, subtler and more powerful forms of lighting were being displayed in spectacles around the country. The public appetite for brilliant illuminations was already evident during the gas era, including celebrations of the first transatlantic cable, the end of the Civil War, and every Fourth of July. The political parties had adopted illuminations as part of election campaigns, including transparencies, marchers carrying torches, gas jets, profusions of Chinese lanterns, and fireworks.
 1 In the 1870s, there were illuminations to celebrate centennials of the Declaration of Independence and other events of the American Revolution. In 1881, no electricity was utilized at the Yorktown Battle site, where President Chester A. Arthur and foreign dignitaries observed pyrotechnics bursting above a fleet of ships "illuminated with thousands of lanterns of every color, forming a scene of great beauty" until rain and gale-force winds necessitated "a sudden termination."
 2 The Yorktown Centennial was perhaps the last important US illumination without electrical effects. In Washington itself, the anniversary featured Brush arc lights placed on the capitol and treasury buildings to light up Pennsylvania Avenue.
 3


Howard University is continually renewing its engineering program for fast integration of new and developing technologies. The continuing effort is to further incorporate design in the curriculum up-date of undergraduate engineering programs. The objective is to make our products more competitive in the new world and labor environment. This philosophy has been applied to a traditional electrical engineering option, the electric power engineering program, which had been experiencing decreasing intake. This paper presents a success story at optimizing a design based undergraduate power engineering education program at Howard University. The basic philosophy, methodology and results obtained are discussed. Sample projects carried out by students are briefly presented and these demonstrate the broad base and multi-disciplinary nature of the design projects. These design projects include 'Integrated Optimal Power Flow and Dynamic Security Design', 'Hybrid Transit Electric Vehicle', and 'Medicine Bottle Opener'. The overall effect has been to improve professionalism and problem solving skills and increase self esteem of students, and thereby, their productivity. It has heightened interest and awareness of the electric power program, increased both the number of students graduating in the electrical power program and the retention ratio. The lessons learnt will be of value to other engineering schools.


The anthrax toxins, edema (Edtx) and lethal (Letx) toxins, are major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis and are responsible for the main symptoms of the disease. Soon after the toxins were discovered, i.v. injection of Letx into animals was shown to cause death (for review see Mock and Fouet, ref. 1). Letx is composed of protective antigen (PA), the cell binding component, and lethal factor (LF). It took more than 30 years of work to elucidate the enzymatic activity of LF. The finding that the C-terminal part of LF contains a well preserved zinc-metallopeptidase HExxH (2) consensus site was the first clue to LF activity (Fig. 1 a and b; ref. 3). This consensus sequence was described previously in the bacterial peptidase thermolysin (4) and various physiologically critical mammalian enzymes including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; ref. 5) and neprylisin (6). This zinc binding motif has been found also in the neurotoxins released by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum (7), which are responsible for tetanus and botulism, respectively, and both are forms of muscle paralysis. However, anthrax toxins act on a wide variety of cell types, unlike the metalloprotease neurotoxins, which target the synaptosomes, and this was a major difficulty for the identification of the cellular target of LF. Finally, two different approaches led to the identification of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MKK) family of proteins as the specific substrate of LF proteolytic activity (8, 9); LF cleaves these proteins at the N terminus and thereby disrupts the transduction of extracellular signals into various biological responses including gene expression. Once the target of LF activity had been described, it was possible to search for specific inhibitors. Indeed, mutations in the consensus sequence 686HExxH690 (Fig. 1a), which abolish zinc-binding and peptidase activity of …


Mafic and ultramafic enclaves from Schirmacher oasis preserve evidences for the earliest metamorphic event. In this study, this event has been constrained through reaction textures, mineral chemistry and themobarometry by application of conventional and multireaction methods. Mafic enclaves comprise melanocratic Pargasite-Bearing gabbro, gabbroic anorthosite and ultramafic enclaves are spinel- and Garnet-Bearing websterite, Ortho- and clinopyroxenite which occur as deformed enclaves within foliated norite. Deformed metanorite dykes and metagabbro pods occur within metasedimentary granulite. Most of the enclaves are massive, without chromite layering, while few preserve deformed modal layering at Centimeter-Scale. It is likely that the enclaves represent mantle restites during a partial melting event. Reaction textures within enclaves indicate a decompressive sense of the P-T path inferred from Garnet-Bearing websterite, deformed metanorite dyke and melanocratic Pargasite-Bearing gabbro, recorded by breakdown of blastic garnet to symplectites of orthopyroxene and highly calcic plagioclase and by the decomposition of pargasite in metagabbro to syrnplectites of pyroxenes and plagioclase. Thermobarometric calculations confirm that these enclaves were metamorphosed to Granulite-Facies conditions at -8, kbar and - 800°C, and underwent High-Temperature decompression to a Mid-Crustal level.


Summary. This article examines the effects of boundaries on the pole tide in an ocean of constant depth. The cyclically continuous global ocean solutions to Laplace's tidal equations with the pole tide forcing are used as the particular solutions to the problem. The approach here is to find approxi- mate asymptotic solutions to the homogeneous tidal equations which can be added to the global particular solutions so that the normal component of velocity will vanish at the boundary. At the very long period of the pole tide, the unforced motions are assumed to be non-divergent, and so only the homogeneous vorticity equation must be solved. The first case considered is a zonal ocean bounded by parallels of latitude equidistant from the equator. Asymptotic solutions are found in order to satisfy the zonal boundary condition, and this gives rise to a narrow zonal boundary current. The contribution of these solutions is exponentially small compared to the forced global pole tide except in the immediate vicinity of the northern and southern boundaries. Next, the effect of meridional boundaries is considered. When a linear form of bottom friction is assumed, two approximate homogeneous solutions are found to construct a general solution that satisfies the meridional boundary conditions. One solution decays exponentially in longitude and gives rise to a western boundary current, while the other solution is indepen- dent of longitude. The meridional boundary conditions are used to match the homogeneous and particular solutions, and so the solution for the interior of the ocean satisfies the eastern boundary condition. The resulting solution for the pole tide has a western boundary current term, while over the majority of the ocean domain the solution has a term varying with the wavelength of the forcing (the global solution) and a zonal motion term used to satisfy the eastern boundary condition. Comparisons are made with the wind-driven ocean circulation problem.


As a direct consequence of the increasing demand of energy and the need to decrease pollution in order to cope with global warming, political, industrial and scientific interests have combined to understand the way ICT technologies can help to review all phases of energetic cycle, from generation (through renewable sources), to accumulation and transportation, until distribution. The union between ICT and energy is usually identified as "Smart Grid", to emphasize an expectation change in what will be the Power Grid of the incoming future. The aim of this study is to give some ideas about the experimentation of new techniques of energy acquisition through renewable sources (solar, chp, wind, etc.). These techniques would guarantee more accessible prices for production, improving performances, the overcome of those constraints that did not allow the exploitation of potential energy capacity of renewable sources. This grid will be made of devices forming a control cycle that will check the station of energy generation as much as the behaviour of single


Product and processes that comprise receiving a query for a settlement contract that is available for sale. The query is based on at least one field. The settlement contract comprises a sale of a policyholder's death benefit in a life insurance policy in exchange for money. A first settlement contract that comprises information matching the at least one queried field is retrieved. A plurality of potential purchasers received communication that the first settlement contract is available for purchase. During a pre-determined period of time, a plurality of bids for the first settlement contract is received. Each of the plurality of bids comprises a bid price. It is determined that a first bidder has submitted a best bid price for the settlement contract. The first bidder and the policyholder are notified of an agreement to sell the first settlement contract at the best bid price.


John Greco believes that any satisfactory theory of testimonial knowledge should explain its practical nature—how testimonial knowledge pervades across cases in a way that much of our knowledge is dependable. He offers six cases: children know from their mothers, teachers (simple), friends know from each other and citizens (tricky), job interviewers and interrogators know from interviewees (difficult). In §2, I consider Greco's formulation of these cases into the Reasons and Trust (RT) Dilemma: reductionism is too demanding for simple cases and nonreductionism is too easy in difficult cases. In §3, I begin by reframing Greco's RT Dilemma. I will argue that the horns of Greco's dilemma against reductionism and non-reductionism can be best understood as failing to accommodate the practical facts of testimony. I will then propose an approach to testimonial justification, knowing for. Hearers' aims for knowing are related to the way hearers acquire testimonial justification. The purpose of knowing for is to give a comprehensive account of testimonial justification that includes reductionism's positive reasons and non-reductionism's trusting relationships. As a result, knowing for accommodates Greco's six cases. In §4, I apply knowing for to the reductionist conception of positive reasons. In §5, I apply knowing for to the non-reductionist conception of a trusting relationship. Even though my view of knowing for alleviates both Camacho, John, UMSL, 2012, 3. reductionism and non-reductionism from Greco's RT Dilemma, the unintended consequence is dissolving the debate between reductionism and non-reductionism. Camacho, John, UMSL, 2012, 4. §


Summary Background Insulin resistance is a often phenomenon what can be observed in hypertensive patients. Relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension is not clear. In hypertension left ventricular presse overload induces itis hypertrophy. The aim of the study was to find out a relationship between insulin resistance and left ventricular mass in patients with essential hypertension. Material and methods The study population consisted of 30 non-obese patients with a mean age 43,6 ‐ 6,6 with mild and moderate hypertension. Left ventricular mass was evaluated with M.-mode echocardiografy and indexed for body size according to Devereux. Insulin resistance was determined by means of euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique according to De Fronzo. Results Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 43,3% patients. LVMI was correlated with SBP (r = 0,45; p < 0,05), DBP (r = 0,47; p < 0,05) and duration of disease (r = 0,53; p < 0,01). M.-value-mediated glucose uptake was statisticaly lower in patients with LVH/(239,40 ‐ 32,01 vs. 314,41 ‐ ‐ 34,80 mg/(m2 • min), (p < 0,001)/M.-value correlated with SBP (r = n0,76; p < 0,001), DBP (r = n0,77; p < 0,001) and BMI (r = n0,59; p < 0,001) examinated patients. Left ventricular mass index was correlated with glucose uptake o M.-value (r = n0,48; p < 0,01). Conclusions Significant correlations between SBP, DBP, duration of disease and LVMI are connected with LVH. This study revealed association between insulin resistence and left ventricular mass. As more insulin resistance the higher LVMI.


Accessibility measures are generally concerned with equity and a better distribution of services in a territory and can be accepted as key variables for supporting supply/demand, location/allocation and service/catchment area related planning policies and strategies at national, regional, and local levels. Since accessibility measures need organization of huge and complex spatial data sets, accessibility modeling often lends itself to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and presentation. Since numerous accessibility measures and modeling techniques ranging from simple to sophisticated can be found in the literature, this work aim to provide an overview of the theoretical framework and relevant background about GIS-based accessibility modeling process. The results could provide a significant support for the decision makers who are supposed to deal with transportation planning, accessibility modeling, location/allocation and service/catchment area related issues.


Abstract The United States Army continues to develop new and effective ways to use simulation for training. One example is the Non-Rated Crew Member Manned Module (NCM3), a simulator designed to train helicopter crewmembers in critical, high-risk tasks such as aerial door gunnery. The goal of this study was to evaluate visual display's effect on performance in mixed reality aerial door gunnery. Two discrete groups of subjects, expert and novice, were employed in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two visual display treatments and executed three training scenarios in the NCM3. Independent variables were visual display, immersive tendency and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire scores. Dependent variables included performance, presence and simulator sickness change scores. The results of the study indicated no main effect of visual display on performance for the expert population while a main effect of visual display on performance was discovered for the novice population. Both visual treatment groups experienced the same degree of presence and simulator sickness. No relationship between an individual's immersive tendency and their performance nor level of presence was found. Results of this study both support and challenge the commonly held notion that higher immersive simulation leads to better performance.


The number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is rapidly increasing and is becoming a serious problem all over the world. T2DM may lead to various complications such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. In the therapy of diabetic nephropathy, most people pay attention to the dietary protein intake, but only a few focus on the effect of protein sources on diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we attempted to clarify the effects of different protein sources on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Male non-obese type 2 diabetic GotoKakizaki (GK) rats were fed high sucrose diets for 15 wk with 20% casein (C) or soy protein isolate (SPI). The fasting blood glucose levels and the markers related to diabetes and kidney functions in the blood and urinary albumin excretion were determined. Kidney tissue sections were obtained for histological analysis. SPI had no eff ects on fasting blood levels of glucose, insulin and adiponectin. However, the levels of plasma alkaline phosphatase, hematocrit and urinary albumin excretion in GK rats fed SPI were signifi cantly improved compared with those of the C group. In addition, renal glomerular damage was signifi cantly suppressed in the SPI group. These results suggest that SPI has a suppressive eff ect on progression of diabetic nephropathy. Soy Protein Research, Japan 15, 151-155, 2012. 大豆たん白質摂取が2型糖尿病モデルGKラットの糖代謝および


The secretory nature of renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, specialized cells in the media of the afferent glomerular arteriole, has been assumed since Goormaghtigh ('39) first studied them in renal ischemia. Indirect evidence includes the presence of stainable granules within these cells and the fact that changes in granulecontent can be produced by certain experimental conditions, such as renal ischemia (Goormaghtigh, '39), variations in salt intake (Hartroft and Hartroft, '53), adrenalectomy (Dunihue, '49) and changes in blood pressure (Hartroft, '57; Tobian et al., '58). If JG cells are indeed secretory or endocrine in nature, electron microscopy should reveal ultrafine structure similar to that of other secretory cells. Braunsteiner (Braunsteiner et al., '56) reported an electron microscopic study of three JG cell fields in rats in which he described the presence of canilicular structures as indicative of secretory activity. Unfortunately his observations seem invalid. The cells he described and illustrated were outside the afferent arteriole in interstitial spaces, contained no granules, and closely resembled plasma cells. It must be emphasized that JG cells are specific granulated cells having an epitheliallike appearance and are located in the media of the afferent arteriole (Hartroft and Hartroft, '53; Hartroft, '57). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether JG cells were functioning and healthy rather than degenerating or aging cells; to distinguish the granules observed by light microscopy from other cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions, such as mitochondria and lipid material; and to correlate features of JG cells as seen by the electron microscope with those seen by both conventional and phase light microscopy. METHODS


In modern life, it is impossible to even talk about writing scientific articles without the use of specific terminology. These facts indicate that the terminology has now transformed into the language's dynamic lexical units. From this perspective, we can conclude that the function of the term in the language is conditioned by the frequency of its use, the level of its representation in the language paradigm, and its suitability to the phonetic and graphic system of the language.


In the movement of interpreting the Islamic works in classic Chinese in the times between late Ming and early Qing,"change"became the common voice of translators.Ma Zhu emphasized "change"the same as Wang Daiyu,which meant the development of Chinese Islam that should not only absorb the Chinese indigenous cultures,but also maintain the orthodox Islam faith.All of these changes were the features of Ma Zhu' s Islamic thoughs.


Convergence of information and communication technology has brought a radical change in the way data are collected or generated for ease of multi criterion decision making. The huge data is of no use unless it provides certain information. It is very tedious to select a best option among an array of alternatives. Also, it becomes more tedious when the data contains uncertainties and objectives of evaluation vary in importance and scope. Unlocking the hidden data is of no use to gain insight into customers, markets and organizations. Therefore, processing these data for obtaining decisions is of great challenge. Based on decision theory, in the past many methods are introduced to solve multi criterion decision making problem. The limitation of these approaches is that, they consider only certain information of the weights and decision values to make decisions. Alternatively, it makes less useful when managing uncertain and vague information. In addition, an information system establishes relation between two universal sets. In such situations, multi criterion decision making is very challenging. Therefore, an effort has been made in this paper to process inconsistencies in data with the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy rough set theory on two universal sets.


It is essential for any laser which will be used in the clinic by dentists to remove existing dental materials for this laser to be a viable replacement of the dental drill. There is however a concern about the thermal damage which a laser can cause due to the heat that is generated by the ablation of these materials. The ablation efficiency of the Er:YAG laser (/spl lambda/=2.94) on dental materials must allow for timely removal of amalgam and composite dental restorations. Here, results of the use of the Er:YAG laser on dental materials are presented. This report concentrates on this ablation and it's thermal effect on dental restorative materials with and without water spray.


Hidden copyright marks have been proposed as a solution for solving the illegal copying and proof of ownership problems in the context of multimedia objects. Many systems have been proposed, but it is still difficult to have even a rough idea of their performance and hence to compare them. So we first describe some general attacks on audio and image marking systems. Then we propose a benchmark to compare image marking software on a fair basis. This benchmark is based on a set of attacks that any system ought to survive.


In this paper, we investigate the determinants of high growth in the tourism firms. First of all, we find that the negative relationship between firm"s growth and firm"s size. This result is apparently contradictory to the Gibrat" law which is the theory of no relationship between firm"s growth and firm"s size. Secondly, we test a theory of negative relationship between firm"s growth and firm"s age, which is so called Jovanovich" law and find a significantly important evidence which supports the Jovanovich" law. Finally, we investigate the financial ratios of tourism firms to find the determinants of high growth of firms. In results, loan to assets ratio, total assets growth rate, and return on assets are turned out to be important factors of high growth of tourism firms.


A comparison is made of the signal‐to‐noise characteristics of synthetic‐aperture sonar and conventional sonar. For the synthetic‐aperture sonar case a design procedure is described which makes possible the choice of essentially any unambiguous range and any resolution. Often multiple beam receivers are required. It is shown for the synthetic‐aperture sonar case that the horizontal aperture is the major factor affecting area coverage rate. The comparisons are made with as many parameter values as spossible identical for both the synthetic‐aperture cases and the nonsynthetic‐aperture cases. If identical physical aperture dimensions are used and other parameters held to identical values, the synthetic‐aperture sonar gives higher signal‐to‐ratio than does the nonsynthetic‐aperture sonar primarily because the latter must operate at higher acoustic frequencies for which signal attenuation becomes extremely large. If the sonar systems are operated at the same frequency, then the nonsynthetic aperture sonar can ...


ABSTRACT The tamarind forest is a virtual reality (VR) installation that explores shifts of perception through a somatic experience in a virtual space. As part of a larger show (kimosphere no.4) that explored immersion and an entwinement of real and virtual spaces, The Tamarind forest experiments with augmented virtuality and invites the audience to pay attention to their physical body while taking a journey through a virtual forest. This paper describes the piece, the technology and the design process as well as the main takeaways and reflections.


A new Multi-Pulse Position Modulation(MPPM) system is established to decrease the effect of such weather as rain,fog or snow on the performance of atmosphere laser communication system.Reed-Solomon(RS) encoder/decoder and maximum-likelihood detection are used in the new system.Signal noise ratio,protective time slot and information time slot are analyzed.The simulation results show that the performance of atmosphere laser communication system can be improved when proper parameters are selected.


In part I of this investigation the problem of calculating the intensities of the various orders in the diffracted spectra was reduced to one of solving three infinite sets of linear algebraic equations 1(4.15) to (4.17). This paper concerns itself with the approximate solutions of these equations and the calculation of intensities for some specific cases. It is shown that it is possible to solve these equations (and thence calculate the intensities) to any degree of accuracy over the entire range of experimental conditions, i.e. for any δ = ΔΛ2/λ2 and angle of incidence θ. Here Δ is the ratio of the maximum density change to the average density of the medium, Λ is the wave-length of the sound wave in the medium and λ the vacuum wave-length of the incident light. For δ ⪡ 1, or δ/ξ ⪡ 1, where ξ = Λ sin θ/λ, the solution of these equations is particularly simple. Under these conditions only one or two orders are likely to appear on either side of the transmitted beam and expressions for their intensities are obtained. For larger δ (δ ~ 1 or ⪢ 1) and δ/ξ not ⪡ 1, the solution of the equations 1(4.15) to (4.17) is complicated, but it is shown that for any given δ and θ only a finite number (at most ~ 20 from each set and ordinarily considerably less) of these equations suitably chosen need be considered. One is also able to deduce the number of orders likely to appear under given experimental conditions. In particular, the well-known asymmetry in the diffracted spectra for oblique incidence receives a natural explanation. These and various other results of the theory are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Finally, if one makes approximations similar to those made by Raman & Nath in their theory for large δ, the present theory also gives for the intensity of a given order l, Jl2where Jl is the Bessel function of order l. This approximation, it is shown, overestimates the intensities in higher orders.


We investigate if the world's central banks setting of monetary policy rates is sensitive to financial variables, controlling for conventional monetary policy determinants. We specify and estimate an extended Taylor rule that includes, in addition to real-time backward and forward-looking inflation and activity variables, three financial variables. First, we include exchange-rate devaluation, reflecting possible fear of floating and fear of devaluation-inflation pass-through. Then we include two financial variables that may indicate bubbles and overheating to test for monetary behavior reflecting leaning against the wind: the change in stock market prices and the growth in bank credit to the private sector. We estimate our model using the Pooled Mean Group estimator applied to an unbalanced world panel of monthly 1994-2011 observations for 28 advanced and emerging economies, representing 80% of the world's GDP. We find that central banks react to changes in exchange rates and credit flows, both in the short term and long term. We also find that industrial-country central banks respond to stock-market returns and exchange-rate changes in the long term, while central banks in emerging economies react to credit flows and exchange rates both in the short and the long term. Finally, we find that inflation-targeting countries take into account exchange rates and ∗We thank Antonio Martner and Carlos Medel for generous help with data provision. We also thank participants at seminar held at Catholic University of Chile for their comments. †Catholic University of Chile, Institute of Economics, email@example.com ‡Catholic University of Chile, Institute of Economics, firstname.lastname@example.com


We present optical and infrared imaging and optical spectroscopy of galaxy clusters which were identified as part of an all-sky search for high-redshift galaxy clusters, the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS). The initial phase of MaDCoWS combined infrared data from the all-sky data release of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) with optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to select probable z ∼ 1 clusters of galaxies over an area of 10,000 deg2. Our spectroscopy confirms 19 new clusters at 0.7 < z < 1.3, half of which are at z > 1, demonstrating the viability of using WISE to identify high-redshift galaxy clusters. The next phase of MaDCoWS will use the greater depth of the AllWISE data release to identify even higher redshift cluster candidates.


Road traffic offences in time series analysis when trend-cycle component is quadratic is discussed in this study. The study is to investigate the variance stability, trend pattern, seasonal indices and suitable model for decomposition of study data. The study shows that, the series is seasonal with evidence of upward trend or downward trend. There is an upsurge of the series in the months of March, August and November and a drop in January, June and December. The periodic standard deviations are stable while the seasonal standard deviations differ, suggesting that the series requires transformation to make the seasonal indices additive.


Indicators apoptosis lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils peripheral blood at people of Nenets autonomous area are studied. It is established, that in overwhelming majority of cases apoptosis there corresponded activity increase proliferation and differentiations of cells. At raised maintenances lymphocytes CD95+ the increase in levels proinflammatory cytokines TNF-б and IL-6 about decrease in maintenance IL-10 is observed.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder analysis have increasingly become part of business operations as built-in, self-regulating mechanisms through which businesses monitor and ensure their adherence to the law, ethical standards and international norms. The idea of responsible business originated in the UK, Europe and the USA in the nineteenth century out of a sense that business inherently involves relationships between people and between people and resources (Halme et al. 2008). Early academic writing on CSR and stakeholder analysis reflected concerns about the duty to respect direct stakeholders' environmental and social interests. These often focused around issues such as labor conditions and housing or funding local events, scholarships and clean-up campaigns (Bowen 1953, Frederick 1960, Freeman 1984, Donaldson and Preston 1995, Carroll and Buchholtz 2002). However, until the 1990s, CSR and the stakeholder approach had only a limited influence on the private sector and relatively few business actors actually followed such practices.


Hacking method of decomposing a well-known apps, reverse engineering, inserting malicious code, repackaging of it, and then redistributing it accounts for the majority of Android apps hacking. It is related to the fact that Android App consists of JAVA language and it is easy to apply reverse engineering. We propose a protection solution for this hacking method. It can prevent avoiding App integrity check routine and working of forgery apps.


The growing interest in the use of powder X-ray diffractometry for materials' characterization has led to the introduction of relevant concepts (e.g. microstructure, strain, anisotropy, texture) to undergraduate teaching in engineering and science. In this concern, the study of polycrystalline materials underlays the use of appropriate software: free, licensed, proprietary, or commercial to assist research on structure determination, structure refinement, and microstructure characterization. Today with the easy access to personal computers, routines for powder diffractometry also becomes feasible to use for non-specialist. Therefore, it would be relevant that students with computing knowledge may decide to improve routines on such three tasks incorporating their own computational approaches. In this study, we show the development of a ready-to-use and open source program written in GNU-Octave (v4.2.1) focused on X-ray diffraction line-profile analysis. The programing language platform was chosen mainly because of two reasons: (1) there is no requirement for commercial licenses, meaning that both programing language and routines can be downloaded online, facilitating collaborative efforts between students, instructors, and developers, and (2) easy re-coding of evaluation strategies is always allowed through fast implementation of modules into the code. The code, IndexCub, features routines for background subtraction, whole profile smoothing, and Kα2 radiation removal, location of diffraction peaks positions, indexing for cubic specimens, multi peak separation of individual peaks, and evaluation of full-width at half-maximum and integral breadth values. Microstructure properties are characterized through the use of integral breadth methods (e.g. Williamson–Hall) and Fourier analysis (e.g. Warren–Averbach), and the anisotropy effects are incorporated introducing calculations of contrast factors. In terms of diffraction domain sizes, size distribution, and the lattice microstrain, the analysis of the microstructure is discussed along with examples for polycrystalline coarse-grained materials (NaCl), epitaxial film (Si), and thin-films (Au) specimens. The code facilitates the understanding of microstructure analysis by using theoretical approaches well established and in state-steady level.


The authors propose a framework for the specification of a circuit-switched class of service for broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network). It is argued that a well-defined, high-quality circuit-switching service is essential to broadband ISDN, whether the underlying technology is ATM (asynchronous transfer mode), STM, or anything else. The authors discuss the technical feasibility and format of definition for such a service. They also point out how a circuit-switched service class can ease compatibility questions for the introduction of ATM. It is concluded that such a service class is necessary to alleviate grade-of-service concerns for ATM networks.<<ETX>>


An L 2 version of the Serre duality on domains in complex manifolds involving duality of Hilbert space realizations of the @-operator is established. This duality is used to study the solution of the @-equation with prescribed support. Applications are given to @-closed extension of forms, as well to Bochner-Hartogs type extension of CR functions. comp (;E � ) with the quotient topology, where we endow spaces of compactly supported forms with the natural inductive limit topology. In fact, condition that the two maps in (1) have closed range is also necessary for the duality theorem to hold (see (9); also see (26, 27, 28) for further results of this type.) Serre's original proof (33) is based on sheaf theory and the theory of topological vector spaces. A different approach to this result, in the case when is a compact complex manifold, was given by Kodaira using Hodge theory (see (23) or (7).) In this note we extend Kodaira's method to non-compact Hermitian manifolds to obtain an L 2 analog of the Serre duality. Special cases of Serre-duality using L 2 methods have appeared before in many contexts (see (25), or (11, Theorem 5.1.7) and (19, 20), for example.) Our treatment aims to streamline and systematize these results, with emphasis on non-compact manifolds, and point out its close relation with the choice of L 2 -realizations of the Cauchy-Riemann operator @, or alternatively, choice of boundary conditions for the L 2 -realizations of the formal complex Laplacian @E#E + #E@E. The L 2 -duality can be interpreted in many ways. At one level, it is a duality between the standard � - Laplacian with @-Neumann boundary conditions, and thec-Laplacian with dual ( "@-Dirichlet") boundary conditions. Using another approach, results regarding solution of the @-equation in L 2 can be converted to statements regarding the solution of the @c equation. This leads to a solution of the @-Cauchy problem, i.e., solution of the @-equation with prescribed support. At the heart of the matter lies the existence of


Because the linear ultrasonic motor system has obvious nonlinearity and time-varying. In the operation process, the tracking error, mechanical delays, and other factors will greatly impact the position tracking accuracy. To reduce the linear ultrasonic motor position steady-state error. Sliding mode control (SMC) is invariant to system disturbance and model-free adaptive predictive control (MFAPC) can realize adaptive control only by input and output data of a controlled system, this paper designed a model-free adaptive sliding mode predictive controller (MFASMPC) and proved its stability and convergence Finally, the position control of linear ultrasonic motor based on model-free adaptive sliding mode predictive control method is simulated and analyzed. Theoretical proof and simulation results show that such an algorithm can effectively reduce the steady-state error to meet the control accuracy requirements.


By tracking the female hammer athlete's training in winter preparation period,the researchers analyzed and researched the strength training in winter preparation period of two athletes and then summarized the training methods and load structure of female hammer athletes.By evaluating the development and change of the athlete strength,the paper proposed take some tailored training methods for the strength training.


An embodiment of the invention discloses a carburization processing method. Composite carburization is adopted in the carburization processing method. First a workpiece is placed in a carburization medium of 900-980 DEG C, thermal insulation and cooling are carried out, then the workpiece is continuously placed in the carburization medium of 900-980 DEG C, and thermal insulation is performed. After carburization for the first time, the surface of the workpiece has a certain carbon concentration distribution and macroscopic thickness. Meanwhile, carburization for the second time in the step (b) is utilized to improve carbon concentration of the surface of the workpiece, and accordingly macrohardness and surface hardness of the surface of the workpiece are improved. Experimental results show that the macroscopic thickness of the workpiece processed by the method is 0.78-1mm, and the hardness at the position of 0.15mm is larger than 700HV.


While dealing with Engineering Drawing based on the secondary development of Inventor, different kinds of label symbols are due to be added based on the lines in the views. For serialized parts, the system sort of the lines will change with the change of 3D models, so we need to add manual sort artificially. Through research, several methods of manual sorting have been summarized: First to traverse lines based on shape, filter out the types of the lines. Then traverse the types, take advantage of extreme value method, method using center of the view as reference system, method using manual sorted line as reference system, and composite method to positioning lines, give them manual sorting. These methods solved the sort consistency of the same lines in different views, ensured the accuracy of labeling.


Nitrogen-doped p-type ZnO thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by plasma-assistant molecular beam epitaxy, where O-2 and N-2 were introduced via a RF plasma source simultaneously. In situ optical emission spectra of the plasma were employed to monitor the chemical species in the active gas sources, one of the most important growth parameters. By adjusting the growth parameters, we confirm the optimal condition for p-type doping growth. The reproducible p-type ZnO thin films have the hole concentration (N-A - N-D) up to 1.0 x 10(18) cm(-3) and the resistivity of 6 Omega cm. A ZnO LED was fabricated by depositing undoped n-type ZnO on the p-type layer. Electroluminescence spectra centered about 430 nm were obtained even at 350 K.


Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers which have drawn considerable attention due to their applications in various fields such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensors, delivery and photoelectric devices. The most intriguing feature of COFs is the periodical distribution of micro/meso-scaled holey structures which endow COFs with inherent porosities. In this context, the topological structures of pores play a crucial role in realizing the functions of COFs. Over the past decade a variety of COFs with tailorable size and shape have been constructed. However, the topological structures of COFs are still quite limited. Although introducing different kinds of pores into a COF can endow it with hierarchical porosity, to construct such kind of COFs still faces great challenges. In 2014 we reported the first example of 2D COF bearing two different kinds of detectable pores. This Kagome-like covalent organic framework represents a new class of COFs (heteropore COFs). After that, more examples for heteropore COFs have been demonstrated. Very recently we have constructed more complicated heteropore COFs which bear three different kinds of pores. In this presentation, some recent progress on 2D heteropore COFs will be reported.


The article is devoted to the issue of the stage director's rendition of opera scores, as well as to the definition of the roles of the stage director, the conductor and the composer in the present-day opera theater. The author examines the historical premises for development of opera stage production and two main vectors of evolution of the process of stage production: the traditional and the innovative. The parameters which make it possible to fathom the level of transformation of the operatic source in its stage realization, namely, the temporally frameworks of the presentation of the line of the plot, correspondence to the instructions of the original libretto and the correlation of the composer's ideas with those of the interpreting stage director. The author bases himself on the four types of manifestations of opera presentations of opera productions revealed by Evgeny Tsodokov – total authenticism, traditional realism, musical and poetical symbolism, and the innovative "stage director's opera" – and characterizations are given defining the relation of the opera productions to each one of them. A comparative analysis is made of three production manifestations of Verdi's pera "Rigoletto" on the topic of them pertaining to the indicated trends of the stage director's rendition of the scores. Several fragments of productions are presented with an analysis of their production-related interpretation and, correspondingly, the relation of the productions to innovative or traditional approaches to the manifestation of the composer's or stage director's conceptions. The conclusion is arrived at regarding the significance of innovative production-related rendition for the contemporary opera theater. Keywords: opera stage production, interpretation of the libretto, the opera "Rigoletto," typology of the stage director's approaches.


Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is one of the most widely used tools to analyze frequency and phase of local sections of time-varying signals using a time window function. Since the fixed window size of STFT causes limitation in time-frequency representation (TFR), adaptive STFT (ASTFT) techniques have been studied to adjust the window size depending on the local signal characteristics. However, ASTFT techniques suffer from heavy computational complexity in general. In this paper, we propose low computational enhanced temporal and spectral parameter estimation techniques for STFT output of radar signals; forward and backward STFT enhancement techniques. The proposed forward STFT enhancement technique is to enhance the spectral resolution of a received radar signal by multiple times using a number of successive STFT outputs without applying additional STFT with wider time window. On the other hand, the proposed backward STFT enhancement technique is to improve the temporal resolution of a received radar signal using an STFT output with a wide time window, without applying multiple STFTs with smaller time window. The performance of the proposed techniques are theoretically analyzed, and the advantage of the proposed techniques to the conventional techniques in terms of computational complexity is demonstrated with numerous simulations.


The two-phase structure steel, the chemical composition, in mass%, C: 0.07% ~0.15%, Si: 0.1% ~0.5%, Mn: 0.8% ~1.9 %, Nb: 0.020% ~0.10%, containing, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, limited to the balance Fe and becomes unavoidable impurities, the [X], and the content of the element X in mass%, Ceq = [C] + [Mn] / 6, and when defined, carbon equivalent Ceq obtained by the formula is 0.25 to 0.40, is satisfied [Nb] × [C] ≧ 0.002, metallographic composition of the dual phase structure steel pipe, an area ratio, 80% to 98% of ferrite, total from 2% to 20% of martensite, wherein the residual austenite, or a mixture thereof phases, and the average particle size of the ferrite is 1μm or less Less than the above 8 [mu] m, the martensite, the average particle size of the residual austenite, or a mixed phase is 0.1μm or more 2μm or less.


Since adequate information on the distribution of biodiversity is hardly achievable, biodiversity indicators are necessary to support the management of ecosystems. These surrogates assume that either some habitat features, or the biodiversity patterns observed in a well-known taxon, can be used as a proxy of the diversity of one or more target taxa. Nevertheless, at least for certain taxa, the validity of this assumption has not yet been sufficiently demonstrated. We investigated the effectiveness of both a habitatand a taxa-based surrogate in six European beech forests in the Apennines. Particularly, we tested: (1) whether the stand structural complexity and the herb-layer species richness were good predictors of the fine-scale patterns of species richness of five groups of forest-dwelling organisms (beetles, saproxylic and epigeous fungi, birds and epiphytic lichens); and (2) the cross-taxon congruence in species complementarity and composition between herb-layer plants and the target taxa. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), accumulation curves and Procrustes analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of these surrogates when species richness, complementarity and composition were considered, respectively. Our results provided a limited support to the hypothesis that the herb-layer plants and the stand structural complexity were good surrogates of the target taxa. Although the richness of the herb-layer plants received a stronger support from the data than structural complexity as a predictor for the general patterns of species richness, the overall magnitude of this effect was weak and distinct taxa responded differently. For instance, for increasing levels of herb-layer richness, the richness of lichens showed a marked increase, while the richness of saproxylic fungi decreased. We also found significantly similar complementarity patterns between the herb-layer plants and beetles, as well as a significant congruence in species composition between herb-layer plants and saproxylic fungi. Finally, when different stand structural attributes were considered singularly, only the total amount of deadwood received support from the data as a predictor of the overall species richness. At the fine scale of this study, herb-layer plants and stand structural complexity did not prove to be effective surrogates of mul Rather than on weak surroga supported by the informatio biodiversity. © 2016 The Authors. Publis ∗ Corresponding author. Current address: Department of Geography, Humboldt-Univer ax: +49 03020936848. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (F.M. Sabatini). 1 These authors contributed equally. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.012 470-160X/© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access y-nc-nd/4.0/). ti-taxon biodiversity in well-preserved southern European beech forests. tes, these results suggest that sound conservation decisions should be n provided by comprehensive multi-taxonomic assessments of forest hed by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). sität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany. Tel.: +49 03020935394; article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/


In mobile ad hoc network (MANET), congestion is one of the most important limitations that affect the performance of the whole network. Multi-path routing protocol can balance and share the load better than the single path routing protocol in ad hoc networks, thereby reducing the congestion possibility by dividing the traffic in alternative paths. The performance of the network can be improved by using a load balancing mechanism. Such a mechanism transfers load from overloaded nodes to under loaded nodes. The objective of multipath routing is to improve the reliability and throughput and favors load balancing. Multipath routing allows the establishment of multiple paths between a pair of source and destination node. It is typically proposed in order to increase the reliability of data transmission or to provide load balancing and has received more and more attentions. In this paper, some of the congestion removing and load balancing routing schemes have been surveyed. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the protocols have also been studied which allow us to identify the areas for future research.


Sample expansion is an effective approach to resolve the incomplete samples problem in acoustics fault source identification. Noise injection is applied to acoustics fault sample expansion by mixing noise signals with different signal-to-noise ratio in real samples to obtain expansion samples, which enhances training data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed approach.


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196566, "Mexico Pilot Project To Classify Oil and Gas Projects Using United Nations Framework Classification," by Satinder Purewal, SPE, Imperial College, and Fidel Juárez Toquero, SPE, and Eduardo Simón Burgos, National Hydrocarbons Commission of Mexico, et al., prepared for the 2019 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Calgary, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
 A pilot project was initiated to classify oil and gas projects in Mexico using the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC). The UNFC assists in identifying key social and environmental factors that could impede the movement of oil and gas volumes higher up the value chain. To the authors' knowledge, this is a unique project with significant value-adding outcomes that can be replicated in other countries.
 Mexico's Perspective
 For proper assessment of discovered and undiscovered hydrocarbon volumes, Mexico adopted the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) as its official classification framework. The country features a wide spectrum of cultures, indigenous identities, and social organizations, and in some cases, industry activities could represent a threat to these aspects of Mexican life. As an effect of the nation's geographical location, a diversity of ecosystems exists, from deserts to regions rich in flora and fauna such as rainforests and wetlands. This reality emphasizes the need for robust legislation guaranteeing the protection of the environment.
 UNFC
 The UNFC is a system for classifying resources including petroleum, minerals, and renewables. Quantities are classified on the basis of a 3D, three-axis system (Fig. 1). Each axis assesses different factors on the basis of three fundamental criteria: economic and social viability (E), field project status and feasibility (F), and geological knowledge (G), using a numerical coding system.
 Categories and subcategories of each axis are the building blocks of the system and are combined in the form of classes. A class is defined by a combination of categories or subcategories sourced from each of the three criteria.
 A classification made according to the UNFC will be expressed with a three-digit code providing the location of the project in the 3D system, starting with the E, then the F, and finally the G axis. Additionally, the three-digit code can be expressed in terms of categories (E1, F1, G1) which will be read as classes, as well as in terms of subcategories that are read as subclasses.
 The three-digit code provides information on the maturity status of a project. When category level is used, projects can be classified as Commercial, Potentially Commercial, Noncommercial, Exploration, and Additional Quantities in Place associated with known and potential deposits. When the subcategory level is used, projects can be subclassified. The relationship between the PRMS and the UNFC can be explained better in terms of the linkage between the evaluation processes of the range of uncertainty and chance of commerciality in both systems. The PRMS categorizes the volumes to size the range of uncertainty present in the estimates, while the UNFC does the same through G-axis evaluation.


To systematically summarise the available evidence on urinary bladder cancer (BC) mutation markers. Gene mutations are expected to provide novel biomarkers for urinary BC diagnosis. To date, evidence on urinary BC mutation markers has not proven sufficient to be adopted by clinical guidelines. In the present systematic review, diagnostic accuracy of urinary mutation analysis is separately assessed for primary BC diagnosis (BC detection) and for follow‐up of BC patients (BC surveillance).