Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (NIR-DCS) is an optical imaging technique for measuring relative changes in skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion (i.e., fold-change above baseline) during reactive hyperemia testing and exercise and is reported as a blood flow index (BFI). Although it is generally accepted that changes in BFI are primarily driven by changes in muscle perfusion, it is well-known that large, hyperthermia-induced changes in cutaneous blood flow can uncouple this relationship. What remains unknown, is how much of an impact that changes in cutaneous perfusion have on NIR-DCS BFI and estimates of skeletal muscle perfusion under thermoneutral conditions, where changes in cutaneous blood flow are assumed to be relatively low. We therefore used epinephrine-iontophoresis to pharmacologically block changes in cutaneous perfusion throughout a battery of experimental procedures. The data show that: (1) epinephrine-iontophoresis attenuates changes in cutaneous perfusion for up to 4-hours post-treatment, even in the face of significant neural- and local-stimuli, (2) under thermoneutral conditions, cutaneous perfusion does not significantly impact NIR-DCS BFI during reactive hyperemia testing or moderate-intensity exercise, and (3) during passive whole-body heat stress, when cutaneous vasodilation is pronounced, epinephrine-iontophoresis preserves NIR-DCS measures of skeletal muscle BFI during moderate-intensity exercise. Collectively, these data suggest that cutaneous perfusion is unlikely to have a major impact on NIR-DCS estimates of skeletal muscle BFI under thermoneutral conditions, but that epinephrine-iontophoresis can be used to abolish cutaneous contamination of the NIR-DCS BFI signal during studies where skin blood flow may be elevated but skeletal muscle perfusion is of specific interest.


The outbreak of the COVID-19 led to a burst of information in major online social networks (OSNs). Facing this constantly changing situation, OSNs have become an essential platform for people expressing opinions and seeking up-to-the-minute information. Thus, discussions on OSNs may become a reflection of reality. This paper aims to figure out how Twitter users in the Greater Region (GR) and related countries react differently over time through conducting a data-driven exploratory study of COVID-19 information using machine learning and representation learning methods. We find that tweet volume and COVID-19 cases in GR and related countries are correlated, but this correlation only exists in a particular period of the pandemic. Moreover, we plot the changing of topics in each country and region from 22 January 2020 to 5 June 2020, figuring out the main differences between GR and related countries.


Two hundred and seventy nine patients had tuberculous lymphadenitis in Qatar over a 9 year period between January 1983 and December 1991. There were 180 males and 99 females, a ratio of 1.8:1. Cervical group of lymph nodes were the most frequent site affected, distantly followed by axillary group and more rarely by inguinal nodes. Nationals of countries of Indian sub-continent namely India (26%), Pakistan (13%) and Bangladesh (10%) accounted for slightly less than hall of all cases. Qataris with 76 cases (27%) were the single most affected nationals. Tuberculous lymphadenitis occurred most frequently in the third and fourth decades. Childhood tuberculosis though present was not a serious health problem


The right-angled geared systems are used in automotive and aerospace applications. Most of the right-angled geared systems fail due to contact fatigue. Several articles reported discussing contact fatigue failure of parallel axis geared systems, and the contact fatigue conditions of hypoid and spiral bevel geared systems are seldom studied. This work aims to bridge the gap and proposes a simplified method to model contact fatigue in the right-angled geared system under dry contact conditions. Initially, the gear contact is modeled using a tooth contact analysis methodology for a given load, speed, and operating conditions. The above step is followed by obtaining stress histories based on suitable interpolation conditions, finite element computation, and Hertzian contact conditions. These stress histories form the basis of the Characteristic plane method. The contact fatigue life of the gears is calculated based on the equivalent bending amplitude of a multiaxial stress condition. The equivalent bending amplitude is then used to determine the number of cycles of operation the gear can endure from the SN-curve for that material. This method is then used to perform parametric analysis based on the size, material type, and gear contact ratio.


We establish a smoothness result for families of biholomorphisms between smooth families of strongly pseudoconvex domains, each with trivial biholomorphism group. This is accomplished by considering the Riemannian geometry of their Bergman metrics and proving a result about the smoothness of families of isometries between smooth families of Riemannian manifolds.


We review the construction of the extender algebra, a Boolean algebra which is due to Woodin, with δ-many generators. The resulting genericity iteration is applied to prove a new Σ1-absoluteness theorem for c.c.c. forcings with ordinal parameters. We also introduce and discuss sets of ordinals that extend to a class with unique condensation. This paper mostly deals with the extender algebra, a Boolean algebra which was discovered by W. H. Woodin and the absoluteness results one can obtain using the extender algebra. Given any model M that contains a Woodin cardinal δ, one can construct the extender algebra Wδ in M. If M is countable and sufficiently iterable, then given any x ⊂ ω, one can find an iteration map j : M → M∗ such that x is generic over M∗ for j(Wδ). This iteration is known as a genericity iteration. More generally, if P is any notion of forcing and if τ is a name for a real in V P, then there is in V an iterate M∗ of M, such that regardless of the choice of a G ⊂ P which is generic over V we have that τ is generic over M∗. These statements are due to Woodin. They are a key technical tool for producing some of the deepest insights made by contemporary pure set theory. This paper is meant to be mostly a survey article which also presents a collection of new results. We will carry out the construction of the extender algebra for a model with a Woodin cardinal δ in Section 2. There are two variants of this construction: the one with ω-many generators (intended for making subsets of ω generic) and the one with δ-many generators (intended for making subsets of ω1 generic). The former one is presented in [13], and the latter one is also written up in [3]. These genericity iterations are applied to prove Woodin's Σ1-absoluteness Both authors gratefully acknowledge support by DFG grant no. SCHI 484/3-1. This article contains material from the first author's Ph.D. thesis. We thank Ilijas Farah and the referee for their very helpful comments. 1The first version of [3] already existed a few years before the first version of our paper came into existence, and our exposition in §2 follows §1 of [3] very closely, but a certain part of these two papers were written in parallel. 100000 P. Doebler and R. Schindler Theorem 4.1 (see also the discussion in the following section) and a new Σ1absoluteness theorem for c.c.c. forcings with ordinal parameters, Theorem 5.3. In Section 6 we introduce and discuss sets that extend to a class with unique condensation: A ⊂ ω1 extends to A∗ with unique condensation if A∗ is class of ordinals such that A∗ ∩ ω1 = A and for all uncountable cardinals κ if λ > κ is a sufficiently large regular cardinal, then there is a club C(A∗, κ, λ) of countable substructures X ≺ Hλ such that A∗ ∩ κ ∈ X and A ∩ κ̄ = A∗ ∩ κ, where π is the inverse of the collapse of X and π(κ̄, A∗ ∩ κ) = κ,A∗. We analyse the sets that extend to classes with unique condensation in detail and construct non-trivial examples. We show that these sets can trivialize in the following sense: granted large cardinals in V and an iterability assumption, we show that every set with a uniquely condensing extensions is constructible from a real. See Theorem 6.15 for the precise statement. We will also show that given a sufficiently iterable modelM with a measurable Woodin cardinal and a name τ for a subset of ω1 that extends to a class with unique condensation, we construct a genericity iteration ofM of length ω1 such that all interpretations of τ are generic over the final model. We show that if τ is the name related to a reasonable forcing extension, then such a genericity iteration behaves like genericity iterations for reals, see Lemma 6.17. We apply this Lemma to show two absoluteness results, Theorem 6.26 and Theorem 6.25.


Neural network (NN) algorithms have become the dominant tool in visual object recognition, natural language processing, and robotics. To enhance the computational efficiency of these algorithms, in comparison to the traditional von Neuman computing architectures, researchers have been focusing on memristor computing systems. A major drawback when using memristor computing systems today is that, in the artificial intelligence (AI) era, well-trained NN models are intellectual property and, when loaded in the memristor computing systems, face theft threats, especially when running in edge devices. An adversary may steal the well-trained NN models through advanced attacks such as learning attacks and side-channel analysis. In this paper, we review different security techniques for protecting memristor computing systems. Two threat models are described based on their assumptions regarding the adversary's capabilities: a black-box (BB) model and a white-box (WB) model. We categorize the existing security techniques into five classes in the context of these threat models: thwarting learning attacks (BB), thwarting side-channel attacks (BB), NN model encryption (WB), NN weight transformation (WB), and fingerprint embedding (WB). We also present a cross-comparison of the limitations of the security techniques. This paper could serve as an aid when designing secure memristor computing systems.


Abstract : Underwater towed systems are very important to many marine applications. To date, many methods of analysis have been developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of these systems. The models that result from these methods can be separated into two categories - linear and nonlinear models. Linear models provide insight into the underlying system dynamics but only near steady- state configurations. Fully nonlinear models can simulate the dynamics of these systems undergoing arbitrary motions but produce equations of motion (EOM) that are very complex. This paper presents a methodology for understanding the first- order effects of the quadratic nonlinearities present in the DOM of nonlinear models. Specifically, the EOM produced by DYNTOCABS (a computer program in use at the Coastal Systems Station) are numerically reduced to form a set of equations that govern the modal response of the system to tow point excitation. The method of multiple scales is then used to analyze the effects of these nonlinearities on the response of individual modes. Results are given for two modes of a simple towed system. They suggest that out-of-plane modes respond linearly to out-of-plane excitations, while in-plane modes can respond in a relatively strong nonlinear fashion to in-plane excitations.


Introduction. The system of restrictions in resource use in agriculture is ineffective, because it is artificiality in managerial influence. However, objective conditions have a significant impact. On the one hand, the resource potential of an agricultural enterprise is based on mechanism of biological systems development and management practice should be based on them. On the other hand, the management of an agricultural enterprise is guided by the strategic goal of maximizing the return of resources and its purpose in generating profit. Thus, there is a contradictory process of ensuring the productive capacity of natural resources and the formation of appropriate financial and economic performance of attracted resources at the heart of resource potential management.
Methods. Studies are conducted on the basis of abstract and logical, and constructive methods. The methodological basis in preparing the material made dialectical method of knowledge of social and economic phenomena.
Results. The initial problems of instability of resource use are analyzed in the course of the research. The solution of it is put in the formation of the main components of the mechanism of resource management of agricultural enterprises potential. It is established that a mandatory element is to take into account the time factor when planning resources and forecasting the profitability of the economic model of an agricultural enterprise. It is proved that the mechanism of resource management of agricultural enterprises potential should be based on the development of the economic potential of management practice. It is proposed to use the principles and methods of financial and investment management in the resource potential management system of agricultural enterprises.
Discussion. Therefore, the of resource management of agricultural enterprises potential is to determine ecologically acceptable sequence of technological regimes for growing cultures in science-based agriculture and implementation marketing benefits in existing and future financial and economic conditions. The implementation of the mechanism concept ensures effective balancing of a wide range of tasks, which is the basis for sustainable development of an agricultural enterprise.
Keywords: resource potential, management mechanism, economic potential, resource management mode, sustainable development.


In this paper, objective functions of complex optimization of multi-step wire cold drawing technology is introduced and applied for an industrial DHCF 17 multistep wire technology. Two types of complex objective function are presented with either identical optimum cone-angles in each pass or variable optimum coneangles being able to differ between the drawing passes. Through this calculation, the results of the complex optimization were characterized and the results are compared with the original operating parameter values.


For small towns three common factors for financial fraud are most apparent: inadequate trained staff, elected official's failure to institute strict audit budgetary controls, and the willingness to appoint an entrusted administrator to assume complete control over the financial managerial process. This is conference paper investigates the cultural-organization factors that allowed for publicly appointed officials to perpetrate such budgetary fraud of public monies and the financial safeguards that may prevent and discourage such fraudulent behavior.


Medical practitioners have been studying Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) as a critical subject for treatment purposes. The fundamental objective is to achieve a mechanism for early detection and identification of DFU, ensuring effective treatment before progressing to a critical stage. The traditional clinical techniques have drawbacks, such as a high diagnosis cost, high clinical workload, and an extended treatment time. Moreover, the cost of delayed detection and treatment can lead to significant significance. Although this approach yields outstanding results, a remote, cost-effective, and easy DFU diagnostic method is required. In recent times, Machine Eearning and Deep Learning methods have proven to be very effective and efficient in medical diagnosis and disease detection. The fundamental objective of this study is to build an efficient Artificial Intelligence model for detecting DFUs. We have proposed a novel Deep Learning model using CNNs and XGBoost for DFU detection. Our proposed model is called ConvXGDFU, which can efficiently classify DFU vs Normal Skin patches. Results show that our devised model achieved an accuracy and F1 score of 99.90% and 99.60% for both classes.


Effect of weed management practices on seed yield and quality of bitter gourd var. Preethi wasstudied during 2016-17. The results showed that highest seed yield (0.73t/ha) was recorded inthe treatment Pendimethalin @0.75 a.i. /ha plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS followed bymulching using black polythene (0.65t/ha) which were on par. The lowest seed yield (0.18t/ha)was in weedy check. Weed control efficiency was highest (100%) in mulching with blackpolythene followed by application of pendimethalin +one hand weeding at 40DAS (97.97).Seed quality in terms of percentage germination (82.52) , vigour index I(1924.15) and Vigourindex II ( 27.24) were significantly superior in mulching with black polythene and was on parwith weed free check and application of Pendimenthalin + one hand weeding at 40 DAS.Highest seedling length (26.10cm) and seedling fresh weight (2.45g) were also recorded in thesame treatment. However, there was no significant difference between treatments for seedlingdry weight.


'Fusarium oxysporum' f.sp. 'radicis-lycopersici' (Forl) is one of the most destructive necrotrophic pathogens affecting tomato crops, causing considerable field and greenhouse yield losses. The use of resistant cultivars is a safe, non-contaminating and reliable control method to eradicate or mitigate this disease. However, it is still necessary to determine the best inoculum density, sufficient to induce levels of resistance or susceptibility. In this study, inoculum concentrations of 3, 5 and 8 x 106 microconidia per mL of 'Forl' were evaluated by root immersion and seed spraying in twenty tomato genotypes (Solanum spp.) in a completely randomized design. The germplasm was mainly introduced tomato species from the Genetic Resources Program of the University of California at Davis, USA. The inoculation was done by immersion of roots and by sprinkling of seeds at the time of sowing. For the inoculation by immersion of roots, tomato seedlings of 15 days emergence were used. The wounds were created in root tips then they submerged into the each conidial suspension. Finally, they transplanted into the plastic pots in a greenhouse. Regarding the inoculation by sprinkling of the seed, 20 seeds of each genotype were placed in plastic pots then sprayed with the corresponding conidial suspension. In both cases, the disease index was calculated. This allowed classifying the genotypes as resistant and susceptible. With the root immersion method all the genotypes evaluated showed susceptible. Significant differences were observed (p<=0.01) between genetic materials at different inoculum doses with the inoculation of seeds. This allowed classification of genotypes Solanum parviflorum LA 1326, 'Solanum chesmanii' f. minor LA1401, 'Solanum chmielewskii' LA1306, 'Solanum pimpinellifolium' LA722, 'Solanum pimpinellifolium' LA2184 as resistant to 'Forl' with disease index of 3, 4, 5, 8 and 12% respectively, at a inoculum concentration of 3x106 microconidia per mL. These genotypes could be included in a genetic breeding program for resistance to crown and root rot caused by 'Forl'.


Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) applications are widely used to prevent medical errors. In our center, a CPOE system has been in use since 2009 on both the inpatient and outpatient levels. A new and simple alert was introduced in the CPOE system to notify healthcare providers of the potential risk of viral reactivation when prescribing biological therapies, thereby facilitating the request for a serological profile (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti‐HBc, and anti‐HBs) in patients who have not had these tests. Between May 2012 and May 2013, a total of 1,076 patients undergoing biological treatment were included in the implementation of the CPOE in our hospital, resulting in the identification of 4 HBsAg‐positive and 69 anti‐HBc‐positive/HBsAg‐negative patients, two of them with positive viral loads. Since the implementation of this alert system, over 90% of patients who were prescribed a biological drug (BD) have undergone serological screening to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The use of the alert system has increased the screening rate from less than 50% to 94% for HBsAg and from less than 30% to 85% for anti‐HBc in patients for whom a BD is prescribed. Six patients received prophylactic antiviral therapy. No patient had HBV reactivation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a CPOE system that has allowed our hospital to increase the rate of HBV screening. Its use has facilitated the identification of patients at high risk for HBV reactivation and permitted physicians to prescribe prophylactic measures according to current guidelines. (Hepatology 2014;106–113)


It is worthwhile to reflect that it is only just over two years since the last General Election and yet so much has changed for the social housing sector in that short time, driven in part by the terrible tragedy of the Grenfell fire which will fundamentally change both the regulation of building safety and the relationship between tenant and landlord. As the pressure on access to good quality, affordable housing continues to exert influence over policy makers, we assess the manifestos for their response to the ongoing crisis of homelessness, and poor-quality living conditions particularly in the private rented sector.


Brings together music criticism, fan experience, and performers' first person accounts from more that 60 women writers for 1960s to the 1990s.


In Romania, the economical research benefits from a complex and efficient institutional framework. Beyond research, the Romanian economical think-tanks perform important functions oriented towards the governing factors and the professional audience, so that, directly or indirectly, the research result influences the government and the local administration policies, but also shapes public opinion tendencies towards the support or limitation of certain types of economic policies. While the origin of the modern think-tanks is to be found in the United States of America, the organization and functioning of the Romanian ones are still strongly influenced by the Russian model of the research institutes, subordinated to the Academy. The Romanian reality of the economic think-tanks represents the fusion of the two models, being able to efficiently meet the challenges of a fluctuating global economic context and the needs of the national economy in transition.


A mattress cover (1) set comprising: a top panel (3) of material to be adjusted relative desuperposicion to the top surface of a mattress; and a peripheral skirt (9) depending from the periphery of panelsuperior (3) to fit in overlying relation to the sides and ends of the mattress, the faldonperiferico (9) comprising: a pair of side wall panels extension (11) fixed to the top panel (3), dimensioned such yconfigurandose side wall panels (11) to overlie substantially on all sides delcolchon; a pair of extension end panels (15) attached to the top panel (3), at least one dedichos extension end panels (15) having a depth which is smaller than a depth of the panels depared side (11) and dimensioned and configured to overlie substantially about only a partial porcionsuperior of the end walls of the mattress; and at least one end panel elastic (17) dimensioned yconfigurado to overlie substantially about only a partial lower portion of a extremarespectiva wall below the partial upper portion, forming said at least one stretch end panel (17) of extensible unmaterial stretchable at least in a longitudinal direction thereof to generate unafuerza recovery at least partial, setting the stretch end panel (17) along its upper uncorrespondiente peripheral corresponding one of the end panels edge extension edge (15) and fixed intheir ends, either directly or indirectly, to the corresponding end edges of the panels paredlateral (11), whereby after installation of the mattress (1), the restoring force at least partial tirade said end edges of the side wall panels (11).


The association of pupillary constriction with negative valence stimulation was explored within the context of Eysenck's theory of extraversion. Three groups of 11 introverts, ambiverts, and extraverts observed the auditory presentation of 12 affective. 12 taboo, and 24 matched neutral words. Introverts yielded the largest average pupil size under all conditions and the largest magnitude of change in pupil size from prestimulus level. The results support Kysenck's general statement relating extroversion and cortical arousal in its postulate of a higher level of arousal in introverts. The general hypothesis that the pupil constricts to unpleasant stimulation was not affirmed.


Background: Both epidural analgesia and combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSEA) are employed for pain relief during labor because they provide reliable analgesia compared to other modalities. Studies are equivocal with respect to their effect on the rate of cervical dilatation, duration of labor, and labor outcome. The primary outcome of the present study was to compare the effect of epidural analgesia alone with CSEA with respect to the rate of cervical dilatation. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty parturients with an initial cervical dilatation of <4 cm were randomized to receive CSEA or epidural analgesia alone for pain relief during labor. The rate of cervical dilatation, onset of effective analgesia, number of epidural top-ups requested, labor outcome, and the quality of analgesia was assessed in both the study groups. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney and Chi-square tests were performed where applicable to compare the data between the two groups. Results: The results of the study showed that the rate of cervical dilatation was rapid with CSEA compared to epidural analgesia alone [median (interquartile range) 2 (1.2,3) v/s 1.16 (1,2)]. The onset of analgesia was earlier with combined spinal epidural (CSE v/s EA, 3.7 ± 1.3 min v/s 23.8 ± 5.8 min). Labor outcome and quality of analgesia was similar between the two groups. The incidence of pruritus was higher with CSEA than with epidural analgesia alone. Conclusion: CSEA is associated with more rapid cervical dilatation and shorter duration of first stage of labor when compared with epidural analgesia alone.


Posthuman has actively poses a problem on the idea of pure humanity. In other words, 'the new man' poses a problem on the uniqueness and the nature of the human species had granted so far. Futhermore, the current contemporary civilization is asked to rethink the point of view of human-subjects centrism on humanity and life inherent in the tranditional dichotomy of 'human/non-human'. Posthumanism reflecting the traditional dualism of 'human/things' and seek a new paradigm for humanity, transhumanism follow the progress of the Enlightenment project. This paper critically exploring the alternative of humanity trying to rethink conventional posthuman dimension of humanity through the connection and harmony between human and non-human through the film medium. Especially through the films that form the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze beyond the anthropocentric perception and representation is realized, we propose to experiment and reason for the physicality and temporality of consciousness that makes the subjectivity multiple and collective.


In the viewpoint of phenomenology,the spiritual structure of aesthetic experience includes intentionality,imagination and understanding.Intentionality is the starting point of aesthetic experience,which discovers the content of aesthetic object,reveals the close relationship between aesthetic object and aesthetic subject,presents the inner time of experience.Imagination is the most active spiritual one,which is an ability to reappear object which is actually not present in intuition.Understanding is one possessing rational function,which signifies the creation of aesthetic content.


Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites move at very high speeds and can circumscribe the planet several times in a single day. These high dynamics environments induce considerable Doppler shift and Doppler rate values in spatial communications signals, which is known as dynamic Doppler shift. Establishing communication with these systems is a multi-task process and, due to the dynamic Doppler shift, a critical task is the fine acquisition of the carrier frequency. Several studies have investigated frequency estimation techniques of satellite signals, considering communication environments characterized by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, the effects of impulsive noise should also be considered in a more accurate characterization of the LEO satellite communication scenario. This work introduces a new method of frequency acquisition for low-orbit satellites based on similarity calculus by maximum correntropy criterion. Due to some of its properties, correntropy is very efficient in the processing of non-Gaussian signals, especially in impulsive noise environments. It was investigated the robustness of the technique proposed in this work on a communication environment characterized by impulsive noise, and compare its performance with that obtained by a classical approach, based on the correlation coefficient. The carrier frequency acquisition method for LEO satellites proposed in this work can be used in the development of a decoder for signals from the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System (SBCD or SBCDA) and Franco-American Environmental Data Collection System (ARGOS).


For several years, the state, counties and tribes have been working to improve the child welfare system by implementing recommendations of the Governor's Task Force on the Protection of Children and the Legislative Task Force on Child Protection. Significantly more needs to be done. Already vulnerable, children in foster and kinship care face barriers to health care that lead to gaps in coverage. Although most children in foster care qualify for Medical Assistance, the process of applying for and renewing coverage creates delays.


Summary This article examines the causes and effects of the rapid rise and fall in prices in the United Kingdom's import market for butter during the years 1970 to 1972. A simple model is set up to show the workings of the market under quotas during the years 1967 to 1969. This model is used to test whether there is any difference in the structural operation of the market when the constraint is removed The interrelationship between the prices of butter from the various exporters to the U.K. is explored and implications for the effects of price rises entailed by the adoption of the EEC's Common Agricultural Policy are drawn.


This paper presents a teleoperation system to control mobile robot remotely. To provide adequate information for the operator to be aware of the robot situation, the whole viewpoints scenes are generated in the first and the third person point of view by virtual tools. These scenes provide the maps and the spatial information to the operators. To complete a complex task, operators can conveniently select different viewpoints to monitor the robot or target for different task process. Multiple input devices such as keyboard, mouse and joystick are adopted to input the commands, and different operational modes are designed to control the robot in different task. Finally, the effectiveness of the teleoperation system is illustrated by experiments that the operator manipulates mobile robot.


Summary Background: Over the last decade, Web sites (URLs) have been increasingly cited in scientific articles. However, the contents of the page of interest may change over the time. Objective: To investigate the trend of citation to URLs in five general medical journals since January 2006 to June 2013 and to compare the trends in mainstream journals with small journals. Methods: References of all original articles and review articles published between January 2006 and June 2013 in three regional journals – Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM), Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal (EMHJ), and Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute (JPMI) – and two mainstream journals – The Lancet and British Medical Journal (BMJ) – were reviewed. The references were checked to determine the frequency of citation to URLs as well as the rate of accessibility of the URLs cited. Results: A total of 2822 articles was studied. Since January 2006 onward, the number of citations to URLs increased in the journals (doubling time ranged from 4.2 years in EMHJ to 13.9 years in AIM). Overall, the percentage of articles citing at least one URL has increased from 24% in 2006 to 48.5% in 2013. Accessibility to URLs decayed as the references got old (half life ranged from 2.2 years in EMHJ to 5.3 years in BMJ). The ratio of citation to URLs in the studied mainstream journals, as well as the ratio of URLs accessible were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the small medical journals. Conclusion: URLs are increasingly cited, but their contents decay with time. The trend of citing and decaying URLs are different in mainstream journals compared to small medical journals. Decay of URL contents would jeopardize the accuracy of the references and thus, the body of evidence. One way to tackle this important obstacle is to archive URLs permanently. Citation: Habibzadeh P. Decay of references to web sites in articles published in general medical journals: Mainstream vs small journals. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 455–464 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-07-RA-0055


In order to effectively solve the problem of the contradiction between the cross-interference term and the time-frequency aggregation in the analysis of multi-component signals by Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), an new time-frequency analysis method based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Pseudo-Wigner distribution (PWVD), named EWT-PWVD is proposed. Firstly, the multi-component signals are decomposed by EWT and a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) are obtained. Then each IMF is analyzed by PWVD. Finally, the analysis results of each IMF are linear superposed to reconstruct the time-frequency distribution of the original signal. The simulation results show this method can effectively suppress the cross-interference terms of WVD and maintain its original characteristics. Meanwhile this method is applied to time-frequency analysis of Internal Combustion Engine (I.C. Engine) vibration signals. The result shows this method can clearly depict the representative characteristic of signals and eliminate the cross-interference terms. EWT-PWVD is an effective time-frequency analysis method of signals.


Recent observations by PAMELA, Fermi-LAT, and AMS-02 have conclusively indicated a rise in the cosmic-ray positron fraction above 10 GeV, a feature which is impossible to mimic under the paradigm of secondary positron production with self-consistent Galactic cosmic-ray propagation models. A leading explanation for the positron fraction rise is an additional source of electron–positron pairs, for example one or more mature, energetic, and relatively nearby pulsars. We point out that any one of two well-known nearby pulsars, Geminga and Monogem, can satisfactorily provide enough positrons to reproduce AMS-02 observations. A smoking-gun signature of this scenario is an anisotropy in the arrival direction of the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons, which may be detectable by existing, or future, telescopes. The predicted anisotropy level is, at present, consistent with limits from Fermi-LAT and AMS-02. We argue that the large collecting area of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (ACTs) makes them optimal tools for detecting such an anisotropy. Specifically, we show that much of the proton and γ-ray background which affects measurements of the cosmic-ray electron–positron spectrum with ACTs may be controlled in the search for anisotropies. We conclude that observations using archival ACT data could already constrain or substantiate the pulsar origin of the positron anomaly, while upcoming instruments (such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array) will provide strong constraints on the source of the rising positron fraction.


Abstract : This document describes the MANPRINT evaluation of 10 tactical net radios by the U.S. Army Research Institute, Fort Hood Field Unit. The research was performed at Fort Riley, Kansas, in conjunction with the Nondevelopmental- Item (NDI) Tactical Net Radio Operational Assessment conducted by the U.S. Operational Test and Evaluation Agency (OTEA) during the period August through October, 1986.


It is shown that stimulated emission may be obtained from an active medium in the form of a colloidal solution consisting of a mixture of an alcohol solution of a dye and fine lithium fluoride particles containing color centers. Lasing was observed simultaneously for both components of the mixture under flashlamp and laser excitation. Experimental observations were made of the changes in the kinetics of the output pulses of solid-state lasers when a cell containing a two-phase mixture of alcohol and lithium fluoride particles incorporating color centers was inserted in the resonator. An estimate was made of the scattering effect of the particles on the total losses in the laser for different particle sizes and concentrations.


I very much enjoyed reading the paper by Koutsoyiannis (2009) and the review by Weijs (2009). I think they provided an outstanding contribution to the subject of predictability and a very insightful interpretation of the role of stochastic and deterministic hydrology. I think HESS readers will greatly benefit from reading Koutsoyiannis (2009), in particular because the interaction and difference between deterministic and stochastic descriptions was not correctly interpreted in some recent hydrological contributions. The toy model Koutsoyiannis (2009) used is a great example for perceiving the role of uncertainty in hydrology. I therefore highly recommend publication of this excellent paper on HESS.


Non-uniqueness of solutions and sensitivity to erroneous data are common problems to large-scale data clustering tasks. In order to avoid poor quality of solutions with partitioning-based clustering methods, robust estimates (that are highly insensitive to erroneous data values) are needed and initial cluster prototypes should be determined properly. In this paper, a robust density estimation initialization method that exploits the spatial median estimate to the prototype update is presented. Besides being insensitive to noise and outliers, the new method is also computationally comparable with other traditional methods. The methods are compared by numerical experiments on a set of synthetic and real-world data sets. Conclusions and discussion on the results are given.


These authors review the evidence for and provide clinical recommendations regarding diagnostic strategies and treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

History- and examination-based diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity and specificity. Nonetheless, to identify probable CTS, the authors favor using history, facilitated by a hand-pain diagram, and examination, including sensory and motor testing and provocative maneuvers. They recommend treating probable CTS conservatively, with neutral wrist splinting, which alleviates symptoms in …


This diploma thesis presents the development of the measuring device used for measuring human feet. This device will be assembled by using low-cost colour cameras. For a functional scanning, the occurring problem is systems lightning, which has to be appropriately adjusted in order to attain sufficient contrast between the human skin and the surroundings. With the use of an algorithm, the picture is then segmented based on the colour of the human skin. The picture of the foot is then measured and by making suitable conversion of the pixels into millimeters, we get the length and the width of the foot. The automatic procedure of the measurement is a welcome change and upgrade in the field of the mechanical feet measurement. We made an accurate evaluation of the systems quality. System will help skiing retailers making their measurement procedure simpler and also more accurate. The advantage of the computer measurement is also in having the possibility of automatic saving of the achieved results and having the ability of accessing them anytime later.


We have developed a high-performance photo detector, which can detect a feeble projected light with pulse modulation in strong ambient light from other light sources. It is useful to expand the application field of the three-dimensional measurement system using a light-section method. A correlation circuit and a current-mode suppression circuit of constant illumination allow high sensitivity, high selectivity, and adaptive suppression of background illumination. A logarithmic-response circuit is employed to avoid saturation for wide dynamic ranges. The photo detector can quickly detect the modulated light by pixel-parallel sensing. It has advantages for some applications which require availability in various background illuminations and safe light projection for human eyes. The photo detectors have been developed and successfully tested. The high sensitivity under -18-dB signal-to-background ratio (SBR) is realized over the 47.2-dB dynamic range. The minimum SBR is -22.8 dB and the potential frame rate is 2000 fps. In addition, the photo detector shows high selectivity in a multiple-lighting system due to the suppression of orthogonally modulated light.


The control mode of traditional pneumatic valves has some shortcomings,including high cost,low safety and many failure points,etc.Application of the valve island control mode with the field bus interface can improve the above-mentionedshortcoming.While this technique is not always applied for all conditions,for fewer and(distributed) pneumatic valves it is not economic.It is applied for comparison and analysis of valve in-groups.


Objective To investigate the biomechanical factors resulted in vertical facial dysplasias.Methods After dissection of cadavers with skeletal open bite and deep overbite,two types of condylar reaction forces were compared and three related factors were checked by a two-dimensional computer analysis.Results The vertical vector of masticatory adductors in deep overbite was much stronger than that in open bite.The condylar reaction forces were also different between two types,which was mainly regulated by the relative activity of anterior temporalis to superfacial masseter(Ta/Ms).Conclusion It was suggested that varied condylar reaction force might be one of the factor of vertical growth variation and the effect of Ta/Ms shouldn't be ignored.


Abstract: Recent work on the subject speaks to the importance trust has for firm performance (e.g., Hagen and Choe, 1999; Hill, 1995). Yet little work has been done to show how context affects the ability of firms to create trust in relationships with key stakeholders. This paper looks at how the institutional environment may affect the performance of different strategies for managing firm-stakeholder relationships, and in turn, how this affects firm performance. The authors put forward propositions that build on these theoretical insights and offer prospects for future empirical work.


The article presents data on the influence of waters from the self-flowing wells in the floodplain of the Aremzyanka river of the first order inflow on the chemical composition of the water in the large transboundary Irtysh river in the south of the Tyumen region (Tobolsk District). The article shows the excess of the background of various elements in the bottom sediments of the studied rivers. The number of ions in the water of the Aramzyanka river is 2 times higher in comparison with the main river. The paper discusses the impact of saline water from a flowing well on a freshwater ecosystem, its components.


The adaptation of the university studies to the  Bologna process did not solve an important question: how post-secondary degrees obtained in foreign  institutions or Spanish centers were written through a program for sports. The new Royal Decree  967/2014, November 21, regulates the matter and establishes the necessary requirements so that foreign studies can be compared to Spaniards; differentiating between three figures: homologation, declaration of equivalence and validation. With regard to the first, this will be considered when you have a foreign degree to a Spanish university degree that gives access to a regulated profession; if the title does not qualify for professional practice, the declaration of equivalence is chosen at an academic level and the corresponding degree and, for the rest of the cases, validation.


AbstractThis letter presents comments on the paper "Critical review on the applicability of Avrami fractional kinetic equation in adsorption-based water treatment studies" that was recently published in Desalination and Water Treatment by N.A. Oladoja. This author explained the misuse of Avrami-type kinetic equation in adsorption process at solid/solution interfaces and also mentioned few of the papers published in the literature that used the Avrami kinetic equation. We, therefore, decided to write this letter to make it clearer to the reader that there are no wrong or unfounded concepts in the papers cited in the review of N.A. Oladoja. We do believe that the mechanism of adsorption could only be established by several analytical techniques and a good sense of chemistry associated with the equilibrium and kinetic data. The mechanism cannot be directly assigned based on just simple kinetic experiments. In addition, the author was very selective in choosing some specific papers, which used this valuable k...


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Observation of spin-wave cooling effect in magnets TOSHU AN, KEN-ICHI UCHIDA, KAZUYA HARII, YOSUKE KAJIWARA, KAZUYA YAMAGICHI, M.B. JUNGFLEISCH, The Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, A.V. CHUMAK, V.I. VASYUCHKA, BURKARD HILLEBRANDS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Germany, EIJI SAITOH, The Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University — We focused on utilizing a surface spin wave (Damon-Eshbach mode); traveling on top and bottom surfaces in a non reciprocal manner, as a good carrier of heat. As a sample, Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) was chosen because the spin waves excited in the YIG is known to have a long coherence length propagating distances even a few millimeters. By exciting the surface spin wave of only one side, heat transportation was successfully observed by measuring sample temperature with an infrared thermocamera. More interestingly, the temperature where the spin wave is initially excited shows cooling effect to drop its temperature just after the excitation of the surface spin wave. Here we call this effect as microwave cooling effect which is introducing a new cooling principle. Toshu An The Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University Date submitted: 09 Dec 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


The effect of tropical cyclones on the turbulent flow over 2D continuous rolling hills was numerically investigated based on a field test analysis of the coastal region of Southeast China. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was first developed and verified using previously published experimental results. Then two typical beneficial and destructive cyclone cases were studied above different locations of the hills. Results showed that the continuous hilly flow was much more drastic and variable than previously reported normal wind; the mean and turbulent magnitudes became the strongest around the hill top, with the maximum speed-up ratio, turbulence intensity and gust-speed ratio of 1.1, 0.32 and 1.6; the flow over lower hill was greatly affected by the nearby higher hills; the mean and fluctuating quantities were mostly smaller than the corresponding single hill case. These phenomena were considered to be related with the rather strong detachment and attachment of the cyclone flow around the two hills. In addition, the mean and fluctuating wind velocities were found to be underestimated by at least 20% if the widely accepted IEC standard equations were utilized, suggesting the necessity to supplement the field test analysis in the standard for more reasonable wind resource evaluation within the Southeast China coastal area.


The device comprises a casing containing at least one chamber and a piston (10) which can be moved backwards and forwards inside the chamber from a middle resting position. A gap between the piston and chamber wall (14) is provided which reduces in size as the piston moves further away from the resting position. An independent claim is also included for an energy conversion method using the device.


This paper describes the commissioning methodologies and roadmap for an IEC 61850-90-5 based synchrophasor system, including PMUs, PDCs, IRIG-B and IEEE 1588 GPS clocks, synchrophasor streaming protocols and historian storage. It especially addresses lessons during the commissioning of this large-scale synchrophasor system deployment.


The article describes a case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Routine methods revealed myocardial infarction that turned out to be wrong. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was verified by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. The article discusses the difficulty in diagnosis of the disease.


This paper examines a technique for detection of antipersonnel mines with varied unknown depths. The method attempted in this study is based on a subtractive fuzzy logic algorithm. A comparison of the false alarm rate, the detection rate as well as the error rate is used to test the performance of the detection scheme in cases where the mine depth is both known and unknown. The effect of the a priori knowledge of the data on the execution of the detection scheme is observed, as well as the effect of the SNR level used to train the fuzzy logic detector. The algorithm is tested using real GPR data representing anti-personnel nonmetallic mine and other objects such as stone, brick, or a metallic sphere.


This study of the perceived employment barriers of 20 unemployed adults who are legally blind found that the participants experienced personal, societal, and programmatic barriers to employment. It also found that some participants were actively seeking work, some were resigned to their unemployment, and others were looking for work but losing hope. Thus, policies must address both the barriers to employment and the specific needs of each group of unemployed people with visual impairments.


Offensive "bilgy" odours develop when fish are stored in contact with slime-soaked wooden surfaces. Anaerobic bacteria develop in the slime layer between the surfaces of the fish and the wood.The muscle of bilgy fish has a higher hydrogen sulphide and a lower mercaptan content than that of similar fish spoiling in ice but not in contact with wood. The trimethylamine and volatile acid values are usually, but not consistently, high in bilgy fish.In the observations described in this paper, the fillets of fish stored in contact with dirty pen boards acquired a distinct bilgy odour when the anaerobic bacteria on the skin exceeded 106 per cm.2, at which point the hydrogen sulphide content of the muscle was 0.05 mg. or more per 100 g. of fish.


This research investigated the possibility of deteriorated working mold (DWM) as a coarse aggregate for lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), which divided to two parts; Effect of coarse aggregate (CA) replacement with DWM and the ratio between coarse aggregate and cement (A/C) on properties of LWAC. The ratio of ordinary Portland cement (oPC): sand: CA are 1: 2.21: 3.03 and replaced CA with DWM at the levels of 0, 25 and 50 wt.%. The range of A/C ratio as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 by weight and replaced CA with DWM at the level of 50% by weight. All concretes were tested for compressive strength, unit weight and water absorption at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that increasing the levels of DWM reduced density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density of concrete with 25 and 50 wt.% of DWM decreased to 33, 11 % and 65, 23 % compared with normal concrete respectively. The lightweight aggregate concrete with DWM at the level of 50 wt.% in the A/C ratio of 4: 1 gave the compressive strength at 28 days and density of 19.4 MPa and 1744 kg/m3. This satisfies the strength and density requirement for structural lightweight concrete of the ASTM C330 and ACI 213R-04 except water absorption which was 13.22 wt.% higher than the other ratios. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to produce environmentally-friendly lightweight concrete with DWM as coarse aggregate from the ceramic industry.


A implantable medical device to provide a device to program remotely. An apparatus for programming an implantable medical device remotely is supplied by a programmer is adapted to receive and store at least one request seeks to change the behavior of the implantable medical device a server, wherein the programmer receives clinician is adapted to make it possible to create at the point where the at least one request is first selected, and the server, the request from the server to, a monitor adapted to transmit the request to the second of said implantable medical device at a selected point in time, two-way communication system adapted to couple the monitor and the server, the It is provided.


A connection mechanism for connecting a first component and a second component is provided. The connection mechanism includes a gripping part, a connection part, and a fixing part. The gripping part has a first connection portion and a second connection portion, a pair of first through holes is disposed symmetrically on the first connection portion, and a through slot is disposed symmetrically between the first connection portion and the second connection portion. The connection part has a free end and a fixing end, and the free end passes through the first through hole, so as to limit a radial movement of the connection part. The fixing part passes through the through slot, one end of the fixing part is fixed on the gripping part, and the other end of the fixing part is used to limit an axial movement of the connection part. A valve and an actuating mechanism in cooperation with the connection mechanism are also provided. By employing the connection structure, components connected therewith are conveniently and quickly connected and dismounted.


In this paper, an improved building edge extraction method based on message passing networks (MPNNs) is proposed. In the field of high-resolution remote sensing image processing and analysis, the accuracy of building edge extraction is studied from three aspects: data set construction, network training and post-processing of edge probability map. Based on the WHU building data set, the proposed method can effectively extract the building edge, and can maintain high extraction accuracy. PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm is used to compare with the results of this paper. Through the analysis of experiments, the results show that the method proposed in this paper has advantages over PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm in the accuracy, recall and F1 score of region extraction.


Psychiatry is perhaps the most "narrative" of all medical specialties, but here as elsewhere clinical skills are in danger of being lost as evidence-based medicine becomes the dominant paradigm in medical culture. Psychotherapy is a quintessentially narrative discipline. Starting from an "attachment" perspective, the uses of narrative in psychotherapy are outlined. These include the importance of metaphor, story-telling, the search for event-scripts, and the role of "narrative competence" as a mark of psychological health. Life history research, the "adult attachment interview" and other research approaches to narrative in psychiatry and psychotherapy are described. The paper calls for an integration of narrative and evidence-based medicine.


With regard to the local socio-economic condition and ecological environment of the ethnic minority areas around Qinghai Lake,a special type of urbanization pattern has been suggested.It is called Migratory Ecourbanization, featured by characteristic industries and circular economy.After discussing the impacts of this type of urbanization on the local population,industrial development,and urban space,this paper continues with proposals for the urbanization strategies and protection measures.


In order to set up the technical system of cultivating prawn in alkaline waters to the west of northeast China,to make growth experiment of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Boone,by way of the water in alkaline lakes,researching the relativity between the growth of prawn and the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+,the total concentration of(Ca2+ + Mg2+)sum and(1/2 Ca2+)/(1/2 Mg2+)ratio.The results showed: in the waters with alkalinity of 10.32~38.50 mmol/L,salinity of 0.102%~0.334% and pH of 8.5~9.5,average growth rate of juvenile shrimp in body weight was 0.95 ± 0.18 mg/d,average survival rate was 47.5±14.5%,survival rate at the different waters were significantly difference from each other(P0.005),growth rate were not significantly difference(P0.05),and the relativity between 4 kinds of environmental factor were all affected by negative effect of the other factors or their combinations,so that their effect levels were weakened,and the relativity between ones and growth rate were not significantly difference(P0.05).Conclusion holds that increasing comprehensive adaptive capacity to water environment,survival rate and growth ability by means of raising taming technique level,and were key techniques of prawn culture in alkaline waters to the west of northeast China.


Remarks made by the Chairman of the committee on Awards in presenting Paul Kirkpatrick for award of the 1958 Oersted Medal in recognition of his notable contributions to the teaching of physics.


Abstract Purpose: To compare tumour dose distribution, conformality, homogeneity, normal tissue avoidance, tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) using 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), 3- and 4-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and methods: Twenty-four patients staged T 1–3 N + M 0 with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Four different radiotherapy plans were prepared for each patient: 3DCRT, 3- and 4-field IMRT and VMAT are evaluated for target distribution using CI and homogeneity index (HI), normal tissue avoidance using D max, V 45, V 40, V 50 and TCP and NTCP using the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman model. Results: VMAT has better HI (HI = 1·32) and 3DCRT exhibited better conformality (CI = 1·05) than the other radiotherapy techniques. With regard to normal tissue avoidance, all radiotherapy plans met the constraints. D max in the 3DCRT plans was statistically significant (p = 0·04) for bladder and no significant differences in V 40 and V 50. In the bowel bag, no significant differences in D max for any radiotherapy plan and V 40 was lower in 3DCRT than VMAT (p = 0·024). In the case of femoral heads, 3DCRT has a statistically significant lower dose on D max than 4-field IMRT (p = 0·00 « 0·05). VMAT has the biggest TCP (80·76%) than the other three radiotherapy plans. With regard to normal tissue complications, probabilities were shown to be very low, of the order of 10-14 and 10-41 for bowel bag and femoral heads respectively. Conclusions: It can be concluded that 3DCRT plan improves conformity and decreases radiation sparing in the organ at risks, but the VMAT plan exhibits better homogeneity and greater TCP.


Splenectomy is a well‐known procedure to improve thrombocytopenia and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the effect of splenectomy on liver regeneration remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of splenectomy on liver regeneration.


BACKGROUND
Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported.

OBJECTIVE
The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP.

METHODS
Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs.

RESULTS
Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.


Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is the most common oral disease affecting denture wearers today, and is characterized by inflammation of the denture bearing mucosa. In a search through historical dental literature for the most often suspected culprit of DRS, one will repeatedly find first listed the fungus Candida albicans. While C. albicans can be isolated from the fitting surfaces of dentures, and the supporting mucosa of patients suffering from DRS, it is also found in the oral cavity of 65% of the human population—most of which is free from oral disease. A truth puzzling to investigators, the discovery of a self-produced, protective matrix present around colonies of communal bacteria and fungi (or biofilm) began to shed light on that troubling finding. Various investigators have shown that fungal cells in a biofilm community tend to be more resistant to anti-fungal agents than freshly grown cells. Further, it is has been shown that organisms thrive in a biofilm environment, and can behave differently than when they are out of the community. It is not clearly understood, however, why these changes occur. Regardless, C. albicans and its cell components can elicit stimulation of inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes, in vitro, and it is believed that this interaction with monocytes likely leads to the gingival inflammation evident in DRS. Post-infection therapies for DRS are known to the profession. Prescription antifungal creams alone or in combination with tissue conditioning are tried-and-true methods of treating DRS, however, effective preventive interventions are not readily available. If found, preventive therapy initiated before the onset of DRS could prevent the most common disease affecting denture wearers today. The current study focused on the influence of the surfactant amine oxide (AO) on fresh C. albicans and C. albicans cultured from biofilms, and the subsequent impact of that interaction on human monocyte production of IL-1β and TNF-α. This study also addressed the impact that AO has on biofilm formation by examining the viability of cells cultured from that AO-modified matrix. If found effective, AO may be valuable in preventing or reducing the incidence of DRS mediated by the fungal pathogen C. albicans. Elucidating the differences between the interaction of fresh and biofilm grown C. albicans with human monocytes will help clarify the specific host response to this fungal pathogen and shed light on its effect on the chemical mediators of DRS. Currently, chemical biocides are used to control microbial growth and plaque accumulation on denture surfaces. Those agents include sodium hypochlorite and various surfactants. As previously mentioned, this study assessed the antifungal activity of the surfactant AO. The hypotheses of this study are: (1) AO is fungistatic and fungicidal against C. albicans; (2) AO will prevent or reduce fungal biofilm formation on denture acrylic surfaces; and (3) biofilm grown C. albicans will stimulate human monocytes to secrete a greater amount of inflammatory cytokines than cells derived from fresh culture.


In order to investigate the organoleptic properties of rapid processed sardine sauce which was prepared using sardine autolysates and sardine meal koji, the taste endowing compounds were analysed. The chemical compositions of the rapid processed sardine sauce fermented for 15 days at were in total nitrogen, in amino type nitrogen, in free amino acid, and the salinity was (W/V). the predominant free amino acid in the sauce were glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, valine and leucine. Those amino acids held of total free amino acids. The content of IMP was . The rapid processed sardine sauce was comparable to traditional anchovy sauce which was fermented at ambient temperature for one year in the distribution and concentrations of nitrogenous compounds and organoleptic properties.


Objective To construct the three-plasmid system of lentiviral vector in which the expression of the marker gene green flurosecent protein(GFP) is controlled by ubiquinone promoter (PUB), and to establish a packaging cell line in order to obtain the expression of GFP. Methods The restriction endonuclease and T4 DNA ligase were used to construct the vector plasmid. The three-plasmid system is made up of the vector plasmids which consist of ubiquinone promoter (PUB) and GFP; the packaging plasmid ΔNRF consists of CMV promoter and the Poly(A) sites from insulin gene; the envelope plasmid encodes the vesicular stomatitis virus-G glycoprotein (VSV-G). Human embryonic kideny 293T cells were co-transfected with the three plasmids by calcium phosphate DNA precipitation and the expression of GFP was examined under fluorescent microscope 12 hours after transfection. 72 hours after transfection,the viral supernatant on 293T cells was collected. The titers of the lentiviral vector were determined by scoring GFP expression following serial dilutions of the viral supernatant. Results The plasmid pXZ5 (PUB+GFP) was constructed. The transfected 293T cells were found containing strong expression of GFP 12 hours after transfection, confirmong that the three-plasmid system of the lentiviral vector and its packaging cell line as well, were successfully constructed. After 72 hours of transfection, the fluorescent intensity of GFP was stronger than that after 12 hours. It was found under microscope that the GFP positive packaging cells driven by the PUB promoter accounted for 50%. When the 293T cells were infected as target cells by the virus supernatant, the titer of the lentiviral vector with PUB internal promoter reached 2×10 8 U/L in the absence of ultracentrifugation. Conclusion The three-plasmid system of lentiviral vector from HIV-1 was successfully constructed. The 293T cells were found containing strong expression of GFP after they were transfected by the three-plasmid system, showing the packaging cell line for the lentiviral vector was established.


It is known that a moving charged particle can be trapped in the earth's magnetic field indefinitely. Indeed, high-speed charged particles, presumably electrons, have recently been observed in nature by United States satellites and lunar probes. These electrons are relativistic and should emit radiofrequency wide-band noise similar to that observed in synchrotrons even as high as optical frequencies. Most of this energy is unable to reach the earth's surface because of reflection from the intervening ionosphere. A small fraction of this energy, however, exists at VHF capable of passing down through the ionosphere. It would be desirable to conduct an experimental search for this radiation in order to learn more about the electron energies that exist and to allow observation of the Van Allen belt as a function of time.


People with multiple sclerosis (MS), who are often immunocompromised, require complex care and engage with a variety of health‐care providers to manage their health.


We describe the design, construction, and performance of VIRUS-P (Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph - Prototype), the prototype for 150+ identical fiber-fed integral field spectrographs for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). VIRUS-P was commissioned in 2007, is in regular service on the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Smith telescope, and offers the largest field of any integral field spectrograph. The 246-fiber IFU uses a densepak-type fiber bundle with a 1/3 fill factor. It is fed at f/3.65 through a telecentric, two-group dioptric focal reducer. The spectrograph's double-Schmidt optical design uses a volume phase holographic grating at the pupil between the articulating f/3.32 folded collimator and the f/1.33 cryogenic prime focus camera. High on-sky throughput is achieved with this catadioptric system by the use of high reflectivity dielectric coatings, which set the 340-670 nm bandwidth. VIRUS-P is gimbal-mounted on the telescope to allow short fibers for high UV throughput, while maintaining high mechanical stability. The instrument software and the 18 square arcmin field, fixed-offset guider provide rapid acquisition, guiding, and precision dithering to fill in the IFU field. Custom software yields Poisson noise limited, sky subtracted spectra. The design characteristics are described that achieved uniformly high image quality with low scattered light and fiber-to-fiber cross talk. System throughput exceeds requirements and peaks at 40%. The observing procedures are described, and example observations are given.


A generating method is proposed for the designation of multivariable reactance functions. The object is to report some results concerning the generation of multivariable reactance functions and the related polynomials. The topics discussed are a generating method for one-variable reactance functions; a generating theorem for multivariable reactance functions; a class of two-variable reactance functions and polynomials; and homogeneous two-variable reactance functions.<<ETX>>


The ever-increasing power capacities of wind turbines promote the use of tall and slender turbine towers. This poses a challenge from a fatigue loading perspective by the relocation of the first and lightly-damped tower side-side natural frequency into the turbine operating regime, promoting its excitation during nominal operation. The excitation of this resonance can be aggravated by periodic loading in the presence of rotor mass and/or aerodynamic imbalance. Earlier work already presented a method to prevent the side-side excitation using a combination of model demodulation and quasilinear parameter varying model predictive control techniques. However, the method does not incorporate features for active control for side-side load mitigations. Because the information of the beforementioned periodic side-side loading is unknown and unmeasurable in practical scenarios, this paper presents a Kalman filtering method for its estimation in a demodulated fashion. The Kalman filter employs an extended demodulated wind turbine model augmented with random walk models of the periodic load. The simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating the periodic load components along with unmeasurable tower states in their demodulated form. These estimates pose an opportunity for use in future advanced controller designs for active load reductions.


Recommender systems are used in almost all applications today, both for commercial and educational purposes. We propose a location aware recommender system for restaurants which not only takes into consideration the user's location but also the user's profile. This profile is basically the user's reviews, liking and preferences. We use a travel penalty system to narrow down user search and provide the user with the most optimum recommendation considering both his location and profile (which includes likings/preferences). Recommender systems are tools for interacting with large and complex information spaces. They provide a personalized view of such spaces, prioritizing items likely to be of interest to the user.


During a four-week period in March and April, 1990, I had the opportunity to visit several Aboriginal and mainstream public schools in South Australia as part of a Fellowship sponsored by the New South Wales Department of School Education. The selection of South Australia as a location to visit was recommended to the author by various colleagues in Aboriginal education who considered that "many fine things were happening" in South Australia in the area of Aboriginal education. My impressions confirmed what I had been told by others.


In knowledge intensive industries such as the Business process Outsourcing and the Offshoring or shared service centres, the approach to learning has a significant role to play in deriving competitive advantage from domain experts who have had exposure to multiple clients who may have had a presence across the globe. The organizational experience gathered over a period of time is most relevant when redesigning processes, leveraging automation and driving business impact through higher revenue for the clients. The BPO industry is at a point of inflection where retaining top performers to showcase deep domain expertise, access to technology and a learning culture can be a huge differentiator that influences client's choice of vendor partners. The current paper provides a Learning organization framework and establishes a link with indicators of organizational performance – employee retention, competitive advantage and financial performance. A questionnaire survey of managers from the BPO sector in India has been conducted. The findings indicate a that a robust learning organization is critical to retaining talent and gaining competitive advantage both of which have a mediating effect on the financial performance of the organization. Conclusions have been drawn from the statistical analysis and implications for the industry have been recommended.


Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) was initially identified and cloned in 2002.It has been proved to be an oncogene.AEG-1 has been reported that it is highly expressed in various types of human cancer,and is positively correlated with tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,TNM staging and negatively correlated with prognosis.AEG-1 over-expression activates the PI3K/AKT,NF-κB,MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways in several crucial aspects of the molecular mechanism.AEG-1 plays an important role in the regulation of physiological and pathological process in tumor,including proliferation,invasion,metastasis,formation of the blood vessels and drug-resistance.Based on the research findings,AEG-1 has important reference value for diagnosis and prognosis predicting of malignant tumor,and it represents a viable potential target for the prognostic judgement and the therapy of tumor.


Our research focused on the sorption properties of enzymatically treated viscose/chitosan and viscose fibers treated with enzymes and chitosan. To improve sorption properties of viscose fibers and to obtain the characteristics similar to viscose/chitosan fibers, we performed two different treatments. First, we treated both fibers with enzyme cellulase for 60 min and afterwards treated viscose fibers with the chitosan in an ultrasonic bath. In our research, structural characteristics and the accessibility of free adsorption places were investigated. We noted a noticeable change in the structure (degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and molecular orientation) of treated viscose and viscose/chitosan fibers. Changes that occurred in the morphology and in the structural properties of both types of tested fibers were also reflected in their physical and chemical properties. Research showed that the sorption properties of enzymatic treated fibers were improved.


Shell Petroleum, part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and Germany's BASF A.G. intend to join their polyolefins businesses to create one of the world's largest polymers operations, with annual combined revenues of more than $6 billion. According to the two companies, the new enterprise would be the world leader in polypropylene production and rank fourth in polyethylene. The move is not entirely surprising. Shell has been trying to sell a 50% stake in its Montell polypropylene business since last December and already is a partner with BASF in plastics. In addition, the tough environment for commodity polymers—low margins, poor profitability, and looming overcapacity—is contributing to extensive consolidation among polymer producers (C&EN, May 24, page 11). BASF and Shell plan to combine their Elenac, Montell, and Targor businesses. Established in March 1998, Elenac is the existing polyethylene alliance between the two companies, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France. Montell has been ...


INTRODUCTION 216 PROBLEM POLLUTANTS AND ETHER SCISSION 217 Agrochemicals 217 Polyethers 218 Polyethylene glycols 218 Polypropylene glycols and polytetramethylene glycols 219 Detergents 219 Builder compounds 219 Alcohol ethoxylates 219 Alkylphenol ethoxylates 220 Alkylethoxy sulfate surfactants 220 BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF ETHER CLEAVAGE 221 Oxygenation 221 Oxidation by Cytochromes P-450 221 Hydroxyl Shift Mechanisms 223 Hydrolysis 225 Anaerobic O Dealkylation of Alkyl-Aryl Ethers 225 Oxidation to Carboxylic Acids 226 Reduction 227 Carbon-Oxygen Bond Cleavage by Lyases 228 CONCLUDING REMARKS 228 State of Knowledge and Prospects 228 Pathways 228 Enzymes 229 Emerging Themes 229 Natural Substrates for Ether Cleavage Systems 229 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 230 REFERENCES 230


Background: The Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) is a widely used clinic-pathological staging system for breast cancer prognostication. It is based on tumor size in breast, node involvement and histopathological grading. Objectives: To evaluate and determine the prognostic usefulness of this index and its components in our local patients. Patients and methods: In an observational retrospective study from January 2010 to January 2012, 85 patients with breast cancer with their information retrieved from patient records were evaluated at Omdurman Teaching Hospital. In these patients, we evaluated the significance of the following factors age, stage at diagnosis, histopathological grade, and number of axillary lymph nodes retrieved and involved. The Nottingham Prognostic Index was calculated. Results: Mean age ± SD was 46.5± 13.7 years, 45.9% were in the age group 31-45 years. Grade II breast cancer was seen in 58.7% of the specimen. Metastatic lymph nodes involvement accounted for 94.5% of the axillary tissues. Mean tumor size was 5.5 ± 3.9 cm. Mean Nottingham prognostic index was 5.3 ± 1.45 and 48.0% had a poor index (scored >5.4).Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer still present late with advanced disease. The NPI allows us to accurately predict prognosis, and we advocate its standardized use in our local practice.


A Fuzzy logic control law is presented and implemented for trajectory tracking of multiple under actuated autonomous surface vessels. In this study, an individual unmanned ship is used to be the leader that tracks the desired path; other unmanned ships are used to be the followers which track the leader only by using its position. A fuzzy controller was implemented for the ship leader position with a constant velocity; however, the ship follower needed a fuzzy controller for the position and the forward velocity. Simulation results show that the fuzzy method presents an interesting robustness against the environmental disturbances and effective tracking results.


Information literacy seems to be a hot topic in the area of educational technology.However,teachers' information literacy has not improved much in the last ten years.One of the reasons is that information literacy focuses on the ability structure,but does not pay attention to the corresponding behaviors and processes,which information behavior research focuses on.This paper examines the development of research on teacher's information literacy and information behavior,and the correlation between them.It also analyzes teacher's information behavior characters and the trends of the research associated with them.This paper also describes the general picture of teacher's information behavior research,which is still a new area.


As self by using a resonance signal to an apparatus and method for recording the electrical properties, including electrical conductivity and the electrical permittivity of human brain tissue, without using mibunja greatly amplify noise on the basis of the ratio of the MR signal calculating a water molecule content ratio, and calculates the electrical properties from the calculated water molecules, content ratio, by obtaining the electrical properties image on the calculated electrical property, to obtain the electrical properties image of the brain tissue at a high spatial resolution and high accuracy, can.


In this article, a new mixed Poisson distribution that includes the geometric and negative binomial distributions as special cases is proposed. This distribution is obtained by mixing the Poisson distribution with the binomial exponential 2 distribution. The new distribution is overdispersed (i.e., the variance is greater than the mean), and hence, this distribution is able to incorporate the overdispersion that typically occurs in count data sets. Shape and moments properties of the proposed distribution are discussed. Estimation of the model parameters is considered using the method of moments and maximum likelihood approach. We propose an algorithm for generating random data from the new distribution. Three real data applications are also presented to see that new distribution is useful for modeling count data.


Background: Lean Hospital is needed in order to hospital can fulfill patient's needs optimally, can give health service as much as possible to the patient. This research has a purpose for identifying medicine service, waste and the root cause of waste, so than we give reparation suggestion to medicine service that happens in Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of Regional Public Hospital.
Objective: Respondent In this study, patients or their families and pharmacy
Methods: This research is study case research with qualitative approach. The research stages are doing observation of service process's flow which is made in value stream mapping, distributing questionnaires of patient's value and waste, doing interview by 5 why method for knowing the root cause and waste critical. The proposed of improvements is obtained from Head of Hospital Pharmacy Installation.
Results: The research result showed that the service medicine process of pharmacy installation has been lean. Waste critical that is obtained, is waste motion 21,1%.
Conclusion: The root cause of waste motion is manually, there is a space that separates between rooms, Emergency Installation/ IGD's service, Outpatient and Inpatient has not been done separately yet. Adding visual management, rearranging the layout of the room is a suggestion for improvements to eliminate waste.


Let m and t be positive integers with t 2. An (m; t)-splitting system is a pair (X;B) where jXj = m and B is a collection of subsets of X called blocks, such that, for every Y X with jY j = t, there exists a block B 2 B such that jB \ Y j = t 2 . An (m; t)-splitting system is uniform if every block has size m 2 and an (m; t)-splitting system is disjunct or sperner if no block is a subset of another block. In this paper, we give several constructions and bounds for splitting systems, when t = 3. We consider uniform splitting systems as well as disjunct splitting systems. There are many connections with other types of set systems.


In the article on the example of the lesson historical studies the teacher shows the technology of regional identity formation of students in the sixth grade of General of the organization; methods of developing pos-itive attitudes towards their homeland, awareness of regional facilities.


Isotropic quantitative differential phase contrast (iDPC) microscopy based on pupil engineering has made significant improvement in reconstructing phase image of weak phase objects. In previous researches, the pupil designs have been investigated for enhancing the data acquisition efficiency. To further improve the phase retrieval procedure in iDPC, we adapt deep neural networks to achieve isotropic phase distribution from half-pupil based quantitative differential phase contrast (qDPC) microscopy. In this study, we utilized U-net model for mapping from 1-axis phase reconstruction to 12- axis one. The results show that the deep neural network we proposed achieved expecting performance. The final testing loss value of our model after 1000 epochs of training achieved 6.7e-5 after normalized. The peak signal to noise ratio improvement is from 26dB to 30dB.


Preface Part I. Situation Theory: 1. Constraints, channels, and the flow of information Jon Barwise 2. Extended Kamp notation: a graphical notation for situation theory Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper 3. States of affairs without parameters Mark Crimmins Part II. Logical Applications: 4. Labelled deductive systems and situation theory D. M. Gabbay 5. Events and processes in situation semantics Michael Georgeff, David Morley and Anand Rao 6. Nonmonotonic projection, causation and induction Robert C. Koons 7. Modal situation theory Stephen M. Schulz Part III. Linguistic Applications: 8. Generalized quantifiers and resource situations Robin Cooper 9. Situation theory and cooperative action Keith Devlin and Duska Rosenberg 10. Propositional and non-propositional attitudes Jonathan Ginzburg 11. Episodic logic: a situational logic for natural language processing Chung Hee Hwang and Lenhart K. Schubert 12. A situation-theoric formalization of definite description interpretation in plan elaboration dialogues Massimo Poessio 13. A situation-theoretic representation of text meaning anaphora, quantification, and negation Dag Westerstahl, Bjorn Haglund and Torbjorn Lager Name index Subject index.


The purpose of this study is to assess the associations among person?environment fit, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and turnover intent in the foodservice industry. The study was administered to 306 Korean employees. The results indicated a positive relationship between person?environment fit, employees' organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment. However, person?environment fit did not have a significant, direct impact on their turnover intent. Thus, this study found an indirect influence via organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment. In addition, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment were negatively associated with employees' intention to leave the organization. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.


The London Vet Show will take place at Olympia in London on November 19 and 20. A significant event in the veterinary calendar, the show hosts BVA Congress and several BVA programmed streams. Tim Keen, BVA marketing manager, takes a look at what's on offer.


Despite the persisting interest in the nexus of tourism and income inequality, the relationships between tourism and urban income inequality remain unknown. In the past few decades, tourism, urbanization, and urban income inequality are all prominent social and economic phenomena in China. This study investigates such relationships and the underlying influence mechanism of urbanization based on provincial panel data in China between 1995 and 2019. The results show that tourism significantly increases urban income inequality. Moreover, there exists a Kuznets curve between tourism and urban income inequality. When the ratio of tourism revenue to GDP reaches the value of 0.416, the positive influence of tourism on urban income inequality reaches its maximum. Most of China's provinces currently face the positive influence of tourism on urban income inequality. Besides, urbanization partially mediates tourism's effects on urban income inequality. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that in high-urbanization, high-income, and low economic levels regions, tourism increases urban income inequality to a greater extent. This article enriches the knowledge of the association between tourism and income distribution.


The authors show how a flexible resampling approach can be embedded within massively parallel implementations of multidimensional transformation algorithms based on one-dimensional resampling operations. They provide a consistent solution to the resampling requirements across visualization applications. Based on this framework, two applications are outlined: a surface perspective viewing algorithm with hidden-surface removal and a volume rendering algorithm. These algorithms include regular and irregular resampling requirements. The algorithm considered here is well-suited to data-parallel SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) processing, and performance on surface and volume visualization is sufficient to achieve interactive manipulation on large SIMD arrays.<<ETX>>


The new recommendations on emergency exposure situations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) advise a reference level for the residual dose in a range of between 20 and 100 mSv effective dose (acute or per year). At the same time, the protection strategy should account for the simultaneous consideration of all the exposure pathways, as well as all of the protective actions. Similarly to other countries, the actual Belgian nuclear emergency plan is based on individual projected doses (thyroid committed dose and total effective doses) and independent protective actions that mainly focus on the early phase of an emergency situation. The two approaches are compared in this study on the basis of the projected and residual dose calculations obtained using JRODOS and the Belgian Noodplan models for different radiological or nuclear accidental scenarios. The comparison has been made by considering separately the early and the late phase contributions. The ingestion dose has been investigated from the predicted deposition values and compared to the single level of the ICRP 109 recommendations.


Objective To observe the outcomes of premedication with VitBn and nitrazepam on postoperative delirium of eldly patients with hip replacements.Method 76 old patients in my hospital were randomly divided into two groups:management group(40 cases)and conventional orthopedic management(control)group(36cases).A nitrazepam were injected in a dose of 0.2 mg each day and everyone,vitB12 mg and vitB6 8 mg with vitB12 10 μg in two dose each day.Daily assessment was based on patient interview with the CAM.DRS was used to measure symptoms during the prodromal phase after the onset of delirium.The scores of DRS by first and last assessment and the duration of delirium,the influence of ages on postoperative delirium were recorded.Result The mean length of hospital stay of the patient receiving management was 12.80±2.15 and that of the control was 13.73±2.12;a proportion of patients receiving management was 15 percents(6 cases),and that of the control was 75 percents(27cases);the first DRS scores,delirium duration and the last DRS scores respectively were 17.43±3.32,8.08±2.84,2.04±1.04;in the controls respectively were 20.68±4.28,11.05±3.31,3.36±1.56(respectively,P0.05).Conclosion VitBn and nitrazepam can reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium of eldly patients with hip replacements.


This paper presents the design and preliminary results of a shunt voltage regulator and two different bandgap reference designs for use with a monolithic High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) sensor in a 150 nm technology node. One bandgap reference design is based on Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) as the reference element of the circuit — the rest of the circuit is entirely designed with Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). The second bandgap reference design makes use of MOSFETs exclusively.


The fabrication and performance of a one to four channel optical splitter/combiner are described. The design is based on the integration of a number of twin-guide amplifiers interconnected by active ridge waveguides. Lossless operation is seen fibre-to-fibre for all four ports for TE input light.


Artificial Lift is a very essential tool to increase the oil production rate or lift the oil column in the wellbore up to the surface. Artificial lift is the key in case of bottom hole pressure is not sufficient to produce oil from the reservoir to the surface. So, a complete study is carried to select the suitable type of artificial lift according to the reservoir and wellbore conditions like water production, sand production, solution gas-oil ratio, and surface area available at the surface. Besides, the maintenance cost and volume of produced oil have an essential part in the selection of the type of artificial lift tool. Artificial lift tools have several types such as Sucker Rod Pump, Gas Lift, Hydraulic Pump, Progressive Cavity Pump, Jet Pump, and Electrical Submersible Pump. All these types require specific conditions for subsurface and surface parameters to apply in oil wells. This paper will study the Electrical Submersible Pump "ESP" which is considered one of the most familiar types of artificial lifts in the whole world. Electrical Submersible Pump "ESP" is the most widely used for huge oil volumes. In contrast, ESP has high maintenance and workover cost. Finally, this paper will discuss a case study for the Electrical Submersible pump "ESP" design in an oil well. This case study includes the entire well and reservoir properties involving fluid properties to be applied using Prosper software. The results of the design model will impact oil productivity and future performance of oil well.


Abstract Since the early 1960s, an apparently infectious disease of cloves has been spreading throughout W. Sumatra, one of the main clove producing areas of Indonesia. Preliminary field investigations were carried out in 1973, with a view to characterising the disease and attempts were made to isolate possible pathogenic organisms. Unfavourable soil and cultural conditions predispose trees to severe attack and present control is limited to correcting these factors.


Transcendental stiffness matrices for vibration (or buckling) have been derived from exact analytical solutions of the governing differential equations for many structural members without recourse to the discretization of conventional finite element methods (FEM). Their assembly into the overall dynamic structural stiffness matrix gives a transcendental eigenproblem, whose eigenvalues (natural frequencies or critical load factors) can be found with certainty using the Wittrick–Williams algorithm. A very recently discovered analytical property is the member stiffness determinant, which equals the FEM stiffness matrix determinant of a clamped ended member modelled by infinitely many elements, normalized by dividing by its value at zero frequency (or load factor). Curve following convergence methods for transcendental eigenproblems are greatly simplified by multiplying the transcendental overall stiffness matrix determinant by all the member stiffness determinants to remove its poles. In this paper, the transcendental stiffness matrix for a vibrating, axially loaded, Timoshenko member is expressed in a new, convenient notation, enabling the first ever derivation of its member stiffness determinant to be obtained. Further expressions are derived, also for the first time, for unloaded and for static, loaded Timoshenko members. These new expressions have the advantage that they readily reduce to corresponding expressions for Bernoulli–Euler members when shear rigidity and rotatory inertia are neglected. Additionally, the total equivalence of the normalized transcendental determinant with that of an infinite order FEM formulation aids understanding and evaluation of conventional FEM results. Examples are presented to illustrate the use of the member stiffness determinant. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article focuses on the role of European missionaries in the formation of modern Chinese lexicon from the viewpoint of the diachronic evolution of the Chinese language. From the beginning of the 19th century, European missionaries contributed to the unification of modern written Chinese by devoting themselves to translation and invention of new lexicon, especially in the area of mathematics, sciences and politics. At the beginning stage of their activities, the missionaries transcribed spoken Chinese including several dialects. This transcription made the spoken Chinese more prominent and it in turn gave rise to new written form of Chinese called "modern Chinese."