This dissertation is an empirical study of the revival and development of folk religion in contemporary central and southern Hebei Province, North China. Community-based local cults prevail in the rural areas of central and southern Hebei Province, and xinghao de, namely, local folk religious believers, are enthusiastic in holding religious festivals to worship their deities. Those folk religious activities were prohibited in the Maoist era, but they have been revived and have thrived after the reform and opening up. After a general introduction to the folk religion and its revival in this region, this dissertation focuses on the story of the revitalization and development of Dragon Tablet Festival, a religious festival held annually dedicated to Dragon Tablet, a public deity in a village in Zhao County. Considered as "a typical example of feudal superstition," Dragon Tablet Festival was banned in the Maoist era. After it was revived in the reform era, Dragon Tablet Festival attracted lots of researchers after a local scholar accidently discovered it and in turn introduced it to academia. Subsequently, Dragon Tablet and Dragon Tablet Festival were reinterpreted as "Dragon," the common ancestor and totem of the Chinese Nation, and "the living fossil of Dragon Culture," respectively. Accordingly, Dragon Tablet Festival acquired a great success: a temple to Dragon Tablet was officially permitted to build in the name of "Dragon Culture Museum," and Dragon Tablet Festival was listed as a provincial level "intangible cultural heritage" and hence protected by the local government. The revival process is generalized as "culturalization of a local cult," which may represent a developmental tendency of folk religion in contemporary China. The completion of this process depends on the cooperation among local people, outside researchers, local government officials, and journalists. Based on ethnographic research, this dissertation examines three intertwined themes and proposes some arguments. Firstly, the revitalization of folk religion is the


The one and only well attested rabbinical personality in eleventh century Sicily was R. Messiah b. Eliah b. al-Basaq. He was the son of Eliah al- Dimunishī (i.e., Demenna) and his wife Umm al-Khayr (later) in Ragusa. He wrote a biography of Rav Hai, (perhaps at the behest of Samuel ha-Nagid), based on his experiences at the academy in Baghdad. The biographical epistle was referred to and passages were quoted from it by Samuel ha-Nagid, Moses Ibn Ezra and Joseph Ibn Aqnin, but it is no longer extant. The last year of Angevin domination of Sicily also saw the arrival in Messina of R. Abraham Abulafia, the mystic. He must have lived through all the turmoil of the Vespers and the armed conflict that followed them.Keywords: Baghdad; Jewish scholar; poet; R. Masliah b. Eliah b. al-Basaq.; Rav Hai; Sicily


Despite marginal progress, poorer students are 1.2 GCSE grades behind richer peers and four times more likely to be expelled


NOTE: The President spoke at 10:36 a.m. at the Holy Redeemer Institutional Church of God in Christ. In his remarks, he referred to Bishop G.E. Patterson, pastor, Temple of Deliverance Church of God in Christ, founder and president of Bountiful Blessings Ministries; Bishop Sedgwick Daniels, pastor, Holy Redeemer Institutional Church of God in Christ; Gov. Scott McCallum of Wisconsin; Scott Jensen, speaker, Wisconsin State Assembly; Mary E. Panzer, minority leader, Wisconsin State Senate; Mayor John O. Norquist of Milwaukee; Scott Walker, county executive, County of Milwaukee; and Michael W. Grebe, president and chief executive officer, and Michael Joyce, former president and chief executive officer, Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation. The President also referred to Title I of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (Public Law No. 103–382), which amended Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Public Law No. 89–10). The Office of the Press Secretary also released a Spanish language transcript of these remarks.


Over the last few years a new area of engineering science has been established whose products are likely to create a large market in the near future. It has been called ''biometrics". The pioneers of this new domain intend to construct devices which would allow identification of a person on the basis of his/her ''biological'' characteristics: voice, dynamics of movements, features of face and other parts of the body, retina or iris pattern. Biometrics is the science that tries to fetch human biological features with an automated machine either to authentication or identification. In this paper we are going to enumerated Biometrics modalities and performance. This paper gives an overview of biometric approaches with different kinds of methods.


Refuelling facilities are critical infrastructure for road freight transport networks, since every vehicle must refuel in order to move freight. Recent advances in alternative fuel (alt-fuel) vehicles have made the location of refuelling facilities even more critical, since the driving range of alt-fuel vehicles is less than for traditional fuel-powered vehicles (Deb et al., 2018). Transport companies have decided to establish their own refuelling facilities in order to guarantee the feasibility of their vehicles' movements, as well as to optimise the refuelling process. This article presents a methodology to assist transport companies to locate their own refuelling facilities. It first proposes a methodology to convert GPS data into trips to understand where the vehicles are moving, then uses this information as an input for a customised Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model that suggests potential locations for refuelling facilities. The methodology is applied to a case study in Australia (the Melbourne-Sydney corridor). The transport company that is the subject of this case study provided all the required data to run the model1. Their motivation to do the analysis in this corridor was the high amount of fuel refuelled at retailers (refuelling facilities of third parties), which is in the order of tens of millions of litres of fuel per year. They decided to investigate the movements of the fleet to evaluate the business viability to locate their own-refuelling facilities in the corridor. The main advantage for the transport company to have their own-refuelling facilities was to enable the purchase of fuel at wholesale prices directly from fuel suppliers, thus improving the efficiency of refuelling operations, since strategically located refuelling facilities could mean that the vehicles spend less time in the refuelling operation. For this particular case study, the model suggests that only by improving the refuelling decision taken by the fleet (where and how much to refuel) 2.3% of savings (representing hundreds of thousands of dollars) could be obtained out of the total refuelling cost of the company in the analysed corridor. After doing a sensitivity analysis on the fuel consumed in the corridor, it is suggested that only one own-refuelling facility should be located, since the location of two refuelling facilities would not be an optimal solution if the fuel consumed in the corridor is reduced by more than 20%. The MIP presented in this article is a contribution to the flow r efuelling l ocation l iterature, s ince i t adds differential prices of the fuel in each refuelling facility as a driver to locate refuelling facilities. Another contribution is the novel procedure presented in this paper to process and convert large amounts of GPS data into trips.


List of Illustrations List of Boxes Acknowledgments Introduction: The Adaptive Significance of Friendship 1. An Outline of Friendship 2. Friendships across Cultures 3. Friendship and Kinship 4. Sex, Romance, and Friendship 5. Friendship: Childhood to Adulthood 6. The Development of Friendships 7. Friendship, Culture, and Ecology 8. Playing with Friends Conclusion Appendix A: Ethnographic Data and Coding Appendix B: Mathematical Models for Chapter 8 Appendix C: D-Statistics for Studies Cited Notes References Index


The issue of dignity at any age and the basic rights of aging person are guaranteed in the Federal Constitution. In fact, priority seats and services are also given to those who have reached the age of sixty years and above. Aging is associated with less capable in economy and physical; as a result, there have been reports that our old people are being discriminated and even physically abused by members of society. Things become worst as the people who are involved with abuse of elder people are their own blood and flesh; their own daughters, sons or other members of the family. The main objectives of this article is to identify the loopholes in the Malaysian laws, regulations and policies on elders' rights and protections against abuse and neglect. It will also enhance and improve the awareness of the family members, caretakers and the whole society, on the existing laws, regulations and policies on elders' rights. The significant of this study will explain the legal rights of elders and the need to implement new laws which will impose severe punishment related to abuse and neglect of elders. The researchers will use the library multidisciplinary resources, specifically, law books, annual reports, newspapers and textbooks from legal academic publishers and articles from scholarly journals. In conclusion, this effort will identify and show the laws and other legal tools that will protect the elders and promote their sense of security from abuse and neglect. This will hopefully help the government in developing a strong legal response to the problem of aging people before it becomes a major issue.


We study the design of a distributed storage system that uses erasure codes to maintain data redundancy while disks can be written concurrently by multiple nodes. We propose and analyze a protocol that is highly optimized for the common cases; in these cases, a read requires only a round-trip to the disk, and a write requires only a round-trip to each disk that requires updating. To tolerate tp node failures and td disk failures, the protocol uses δ = 1 + (tp + 1)(td + tp/2− 1) redundant disks.


Energy storage in the form of electrolytic Hydrogen can play an important role for integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in the smart grid environment. Electrolytic Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. In this work, a technique for multiphase switching of a DC-DC converter associated with grid integration of a PEM fuel cell stack for maximum power operation in non-dispatchable mode is proposed. The presented system consists of a PEM fuel cell stack which is operating in non-dispatchable mode of operation, DC-DC multiphase switching boost converter for maximum power operation and a grid tied three phase voltage source inverter (VSI). VSI is controlled using Id and Iq current controlling method and it is used for integrating with the grid. This work presents a technique to deliver the available maximum power, using multiphase switching of power conditioning devices, from the PEM fuel cell stack to the grid in non-dispatchable mode of operation.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of artificial neural network in identification of tumor subtypes.Methods Based on the microarray data of the small,round blue-cell tumors,artificial neural network was employed to classify the tumor subtypes in molecular level.Firstly,the odds ratio was calculated for each gene.Secondly,a weighted vote rule was used for identification of feature genes.Finally,the classifications were constructed by linear neural network.Results The average accuracy of the classification in the inner-validation was 97.82%,and 95% was obtained by using the independent test sample set.Conclusion There is a potential application of the artificial neural network for tumor diagnosis and therapy by identification of tumor subtypes and candidate targets.


Objective: To assess retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury and sex differences in axon loss in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional evaluation of consecutive pediatric MS subjects and controls. Eyes with acute optic neuritis (ON) within 6 months of visit were excluded. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) included peripapillary ring and macular scans with post-acquisition segmentation of retinal layers using automated software (Heidelberg v126.96.36.199). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) measured associations of sex, history of ON, disease duration, and age with OCT outcomes. Results: In all, 53 MS subjects (100 eyes, median disease duration = 1.0 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 0.3, 2.5) were compared to 19 control subjects (38 eyes). Eyes with history of ON showed reduced retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL: −26.8 µm, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −38.9, −14.8, p < 0.001) and 26% lower ganglion cell layer (GCL) volumes (−0.12 mm3, 95% CI = −0.16, −0.072, p < 0.001) compared to control eyes. Non-ON MS eyes had lower temporal RNFL (−11.9 µm, 95% CI = −18.6, −5.3, p < 0.001) and GCL volumes (−0.036 mm3, 95% CI = −0.06, −0.011, p = 0.004) than control eyes. In MS eyes, males versus females had lower global RNFL (−9.4 µm, 95% CI = −17.4, −1.33, p = 0.022) and in ON eyes had lower temporal quadrant RNFL (−9.6 µm, 95% CI = −15.1, −4.15, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Subclinical retinal injury occurs in pediatric-onset MS patients without a history of ON. As in adult-onset MS, substantial GCL thinning is present in eyes with prior ON. Finally, greater retinal axonal injury occurs in boys compared to girls.


Based on an ethnographic multi-sited fieldwork, this article analyzes alternative rhythms of youth culture. The aim is to illustrate how young people improvise and organize rhythms in the city as a part of their place-making. I develop the concept of a spatial jam session, which provides a framework suitable for analyzing spatial dimension of contemporary youth culture. Developing Henri Lefebvre's rhythm analysis through empirical material, a phenomenological understanding of place and jazz theory contributes an analytical framework that takes bodily, material, spatial and temporal dimensions of the place-making practices of young people into account. Using the concept of a spatial jam session, I argue that a central aspect of young people's place-making is being able to improvise through materiality, sociality, cultural norms and musical expression. I illustrate how young people create spatial and temporal obstructions in order to maintain a practice of improvising, which to these young people is a way of constructing meaning in everyday life.


The cyst-wall patterns of three Heterodera-species with lemon-shaped cysts (H. schachtii, H. goettingiana and H. carotae) and one with round cysts (H. rostochiensis) have been studied with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. These four species possess quite distinctive cyst-wall patterns which facilitate their identification.


Based on the action mechanism of methionine synthase and structures of inhibitors against dihydrofolic reductase, thiophene derivatives of 8-deaza folic acid were designed as dual-target inhibitors. Two target compounds were obtained by nitration, reduction, condensation, and hydrolysis with 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid as starting material, and were characterized by H NMR, C NMR and MS techniques. The inhibitory activities against methionine synthase and recombinant human dihydrofolate reductase were determined. The target compounds showed inhibitory activity on both two enzymes. The IC50s of one compound were 25.2 and 2.3 μmol/L against methionine synthase and recombinant human dihydrofolate reductase, respectively.


The higher education system of the United Kingdom general principles external controls government institutions management the employment of staff students, scholars, clients and customers law relevant to specific educational activities research management of the estate commercial activities.


Thrombin is now recognized as an important factor in many cancers. Here, we examined the expression and role of the recently discovered thrombin receptor PAR4, in human colon cancer cells. PAR4 mRNA was found in 10 out of 14 (71%) human colon cancer cell lines tested but not in epithelial cells isolated from normal human colon. This finding is in line with immunostaining results of PAR4 in human colon tumors and its absence in normal human colonic mucosa. Investigation of the functional significance of the aberrant expression of PAR4 in colon cancer cells revealed (i) a prompt increase in intracellular calcium concentration on challenge with PAR4‐specific agonist AP4 (100 μM) and (ii) marked mitogenic response (2.5‐fold increase in cell number) in a dose‐dependent manner on treatment with AP4 (0.1–300 μM). Analysis of the signaling pathways downstream of PAR4 activation in HT29 cells showed (i) a sustained phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and (ii) the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor B‐2 (ErbB‐2) but not of epidermal growth factor receptor in PAR4‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation. Tyrphostin AG1478, the ErbB inhibitor, reversed the action of AP4 on ERK1/2 and ErbB‐2 phosphorylation and HT29 cell growth. Finally, the Src inhibitor PP2 abrogated ErbB‐2 and ERK phosphorylation and HT29 cell proliferation, suggesting the essential role of Src activity in PAR4‐induced phosphorylation of ErbB‐2. These data highlight the role of PAR4 as a new important player in the control of colon tumors and underline the critical role of ErbB‐2 transactivation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, we describe the implementation and performance of a Virtual Audience perception model for Virtual Reality (VR). The model is a VR adaptation of an existing desktop model. The system allows a user in VR to easily build and experience a wide variety of atmospheres with small or large groups of virtual agents.The paper describes results of early evaluations for this model in VR. Our first scalability benchmark results demonstrated the ability to simultaneously handle one hundred virtual agents without significantly affecting there commended frame rate for VR applications.This research is conducted in the context of a classroom simulation software for teachers' training.


Over the past two decades, shareholder activism has become an important element of the corporate governance landscape, with hedge funds and private equity firms starting to play an increasingly prominent role. Although hedge fund and private equity activism is widely discussed, it remains poorly understood, with scarce large-sample empirical evidence on the firms that these activists target, their strategic objectives, and the performance effects from their initiatives. Anecdotal evidence suggests that fund activism has achieved a certain degree of success in reshaping target firms, encouraging restructurings, mergers, and dividend recapitalizations, and the replacement of management and board members. Yet critics and regulators question whether hedge fund and private equity activists benefit shareholders, with numerous claims that their interventions destroy value by distracting managers from long-term projects. Institutional Investor Activism: Hedge Funds and Private Equity, Economics and Regulation is a collection of essays wherein leading corporate governance scholars examine various aspects of the activism model adopted by now-prominent hedge funds and private equity firms, their strategies, performance, economic consequences, as well as the regulatory framework in which they operate, with important implications for both accounting research and pedagogy. This book consists of an introduction and 20 chapters that you can read collectively or reference selectively as described below. The chapters originated from presentations made at the Activist Investors, Hedge Funds and Corporate Governance Conference organized by the European Corporate Governance Institute, the University of Amsterdam Center for Law and Economics, and the Vanderbilt University School of Law in March 2007. Part I of the book (Chapters 2–4) reviews the evolution and state of shareholder activism in the U.S. and Europe. Chapter 2 (by Stuart L. Gillan and Laura T. Starks) summarizes the history of shareholder activism in the U.S., from the SEC's adoption of Rule 14a-8 in 1943, through the initiation of pension fund activism in the mid-1980s and the emergence of hedge fund activity in the last 30 years. In reviewing related empirical studies, the authors highlight a lack of consistent evidence on the corporate effects of shareholder initiatives. While some studies have found positive short-term market reactions to announcements of certain kinds of activism, there is little evidence of significant changes in the business activities and longterm performance of companies targeted by shareholder initiatives. The recent emergence of hedge fund activism has provided some evidence of significant performance gains, but the long-term effects warrant more research. In Chapter 3, Lucian A. Bebchuk critically evaluates the current U.S. legal regime, accusing the system of failing to provide shareholders with effective directorial powers. The author presents statistics of director electoral challenges over the period 1996–2005. These challenges amounted to a total of 118, across all years, equivalent to less than 12 challenges per year. Bebchuk identifies procedural expenses, uncertainties regarding rival slates of directors, and the prevalence of staggered boards as primary impediments to electoral challenges and he advances various proposals for reforming directorial elections. These reforms include, among others, granting shareholders a periodic right to replace directors, instituting a default rule of majority (rather than plurality) voting, and confidential voting. According to the author, these reforms would provide shareholders additional powers to effectively monitor and replace directors. Chapter 4 (by Peter Cziraki, Luc Renneboog, and Peter G. Szilagyi ) discusses shareholder activism in Europe. Compared to the U.S., empirical studies have been limited by data availability, and by the fact that European countries often have very diverse legal provisions governing shareholder access to proxy proposals. Analyzing a


The essay puts forward an idea by using the method of setting up the mathematics model to evaluate the union formation degree in the process of measurement. Calculated by statistical analysis method and calculated not by statistical analysis method. It is unified unconformation degree into the mathematic model. So, it can simplify the evaluated prossession, and can make the evaluated result accuarate.


The still water roll damping test signal has the characteristics of low valid sample cycle and signal cycle changes with amplitude. In order to identify the size of the ship roll damping with high precision,the Morlet wavelet was taken as the primary function of continuous wavelet transform to study the effective processing method to overcome boundary effect. The phase characteristic was used to extract the wavelet ridge line in the time-frequency plane,to identify the roll damping parameters according to the change rule of wavelet ridge line's amplitude and amplitude. Simulation example proved the feasibility of this method.


The deposition of As on a Pt( 111) electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The shape of the redox peaks of As is very much influenced by its surface coverage: At partial coverages, which can be achieved by spontaneous deposition at open circuit, a single sharp, reversible peak is observed at 0.57 V in addition to the hydrogen and sulfate adsorption peaks, which somewhat broadens when hydrogen adsorption is completely suppressed; further deposition of As leads to an additional pair of peaks at 0.38 or 0.45 V (cathodic or anodic sweep direction, respectively). Whereas a monolayer of As deposited at open circuit or above 0.45 V can be dissolved, again leaving behind a smooth Pt(111) surface, deposition below 0.38 V, and in particular at potentials where bulk As deposition occurs, leads to surface roughening. In cyclic voltammetry, the typical shape of hydrogen and sulfate adsorption peaks is not regained, and STM images reveal a rough surface after dissolution of As. We interpret this as being due to a surface alloying process which takes place when the As coverage exceeds a certain, critical value. Bulk As deposition leads to 3D deposits. Tip-induced nanostructuring of As at Pt(111) can be achieved at more positive potentials in an As 3 + -containing solution where no surface roughening takes place. The structures are formed due to local alloy formation when the tip is scanning at a very short distance above the Pt(111) electrode.


The proportions of cells with a high expression of AgNORs, as directly assessed under the light microscope, and those of Ki-67-immunoreactive cells were divided into three categories (low, < 25%; intermediate, 25-50%; high, > 50%) and compared to a series of 41 human biopsy samples of lymphoid tissue. Irrespective of histological features a strong correlation was found between both variables (contingency coefficient = 0.8; P < 0.001). It is concluded that direct evaluation of cells with a high expression of AgNORs may serve as an index of proliferative activity in biopsy samples of lymphoid tissue.


The article attempts to predict mid-range futures of Faculties of Education in Canadian universities through analyses stemming from organization theory. Some worst case scenarios are presented as the end result of natural tendencies within organizations. These scenarios represent various forms of drift and can be avoided only through specific countervailing action. Some best case scenarios are then presented as different models to which faculties may aspire. The perspective of the paper is to get beyond the fine-tuning or tactical changes which occupy most of our attention, to focus upon choices among strategic alternatives involving substantially different missions.


Abstract The hotel industry undeniably holds strong market power. Its economic impact can affect the infrastructural, economic, and digital development of a particular region. In addition to numerous advantages, digital development has also posed certain challenges for the hotel industry, such as fierce competition and a struggle for market power, which in turn lead to constant searching for new beneficial solutions. Hotel websites need to be of good quality to have a positive impact on profitability. Quality websites are functional and useful, and innovation is a common factor observed when testing quality. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the innovation activity of Croatian hotel websites. Two methods were used for research purposes: the e-MICA framework and content analysis. Descriptive statistics and the significance of Chi-squared tests were used to analyse the results. Research findings suggest that Croatian hotels have adopted innovative features on their websites modestly: mostly, 5-star hotels, hotel chains, and foreign-owned hotels as well as hotels focused strategically on direct sales channels. The obtained results are important for future research which should analyse the issue in more depth. Furthermore, hoteliers could also benefit from these results, and use them to their advantage in order to revise and improve their existing strategies.


Th is paper investigates the theoretical relationship between economic reforms and inequalities in socialist countries and tests it empirically in the c訟e of China. The paper argues 出at the issue of whether market oriented reforms are likely to increase or decrease inequality in the former socialist economies is an empirical question which cannot be settled by a priori reasoning. On the one hand , economic inequality may rise with the reintroduction of property income and incentive payments and the reduction of barriers to opportunity for labor and capital to 臼lly realize their highest earning potentials , On the other hand , inequality may dec1 ine with the decentralization of property rights , information and the reduction of barriers to the movement of goods and productive factors. The Chinese experience shows that economic inequalities did not increase but dec1 ine slightly during the first stage of the reforms. But they rose during the second stage of the reforms. Hence , the Chinese experience is largely congruent with the SzelenyiManchin hypothesis. Socialism has many definitions but one feature all agree on is that it attempts to ensure the benefits of economic growth are distributed equitably. To the extent that market-oriented reforms are accompanied by increasing, inequality 出ey become less compatible with socialism. Hence the survival of China's socialism in future depends on the critical relationship between economic reforms and inequality. The purpose of this paper is to examine (a) the trends of inequality and stratification in China under the reforms and (b) to find out whether or not there is a correlation between the reforms and inequality in 也at country. The paper is divid叫 into several sections. The first surveys the Iiterature in respect to the theories explaining the Iink between economic reforms and inequality. Section 11 presents a statistical analysis of income inequality during the reform period. Section 111 explores the sources of income inequality. Section IV examines other aspects of economic inequality and Section V takes a closer look at the rural poor. The paper concludes wi出 a summary of the findings and some comments on inequality in China in the near future. Market-oriented Reform and Inequality Despite its significance for the survival of socialism theoretical investigations into 出e relationship between reforms and inequality in socialist countries are few. Most studies are empirical ones , the most notable of which are those of Flakierski, Whyte, Walder, Nolan , Griffin and Chai. Among , the few theoretical attempts to explain the nature of this relationship we can distinguish three schools of 出ought; namely. (1) the classical school , (2) the neo-liberal school , and (3) the barrier approach. The classical school holds that reforms are likely to result in increasing , economic inequality because of (1) the reintroduction of property income, (2) the reintroduction of incentive payments , and (3) the widening of wage differentials. A useful approach to analyze income inequality is to treat personal income ωcomposed of two parts , namely wage and property income. Hence the variation of personal income depends on the following , factors: (1) The relative shares of wage and property income, (2) the wage and property income di旺'erentials , and (3) the correlation of the distribution of these two types of income between individuals. 1 By definition property income in a socialist economy is absent or negligible. Th is is true even if one considers real income or income in kind , since the property income in the form of surplus produced by capital assets is siphoned 0旺 by the state and redistributed more or less on an egalitarian basis to individuals either in the form of transfer payments or public consumer goods. Hence, the variation of property income in a socialist society , whether nominal or real , is likely to be very limited. Similarly, it can reasonably be conjectured 出at the correlation between labor and property income in a socia1 ist society is likely to be nonexistent. In contrast to capitalist countries the variation of income in a socialist society is further reduced by the relatively small variation of wage income due to the ideological commitment to equality. Hence, one would in general expect the inequality of income to be less in socialist countries than in capitalist ones. Economic reforms involve the decentralization of property rights and a change in the preference structure of the politicalleadership. The former allows individuals to own capital assets and to earn property income. Since property income is less equally distributed than wage income reforms are expected to aggravate overall income inequa1 ity. In order to maximize surplus and labor supply as well as productivity the politica1 leadership must to some degree be willing , to compromise equality for the sake of growth. Individual achievement motivation must be stimulated through better rewards , e.g. incentive pay and 1紅ger wage differentials. Since the wage income is more important in tota1 persona1 income 出an property income a greater variation of wage income is seen by the c1assical school as the major contributing , factor towards increased income inequa1 ity under economic reforms. The neo-liberal school , represented by Szelenyi, Whyte and Nee see control rights as an equa11y important variable as monet紅y income contributing to inequa1 ity. Therefore,出eyar息時也at income distribution in socia1 ist countries is unequa1, especially when there is a high concentration of control rights. The greater equality of monetary income in socialist countries is merely an illusion for real income is hidden in highly centralized economies through the existence of prerequisites and other valuable privileges accompanying power. According , to Szelenyi property income in a socialist society is centralized in the state budget and redistributed by the state in the form of income in kind and subsidies. However, state redistributors as a c1ass are 'selfish' and 'favour' their own kind. Hence property income is mainly distributed to the already privileged and/or in power as evident from the higher non-wage compensation for the 'redistributive' c1 ass , such as housing" access to better education and medical facilities as well as subsidies which are only partially reflected in wage income. Economic reforms of socialist systems inevitably require the decentralization of property rights. Th is , together with the shift from bureaucratic to market allocation of goods and factors , reduces the power and control rights of the state bureaucrats. Hence, neo-liberals hold 出at reforms lead to a more equal distribution of the control and income rights of capital assets , and thereby decrease income inequal ity. While the consideration of control rights is important, the neo-liberal approach suffers severa1 major analytical weaknesses. Firstly , it focuses primarily on the distribution of income between two social c1asses only, namely the state bureaucrats and the immediate producers. Therefore it is essentially a macro-theory of income distribution but as such it yields litt1e insight into the size distribution of income within these two groups. Secondly , it is a static approach and does not take into account the effect of individua1 capital accumulation on property income. When this is permitted the variation of initial income among individuals is likely to lead to a variation of savings and capital accumulation and fina11y to increased variation in property holdings and income. Even if one were to start from a completely equa1 distribution of property and income and assume 0叫y a stochastic distribution of luck and 出at the rate of accumulation was proportional to property endowment, these assumptions would suffice to generate an unequal distribution of income in a market economy (Adelman and Robinson , p. 972). Szelenyi and Manchin (1 986) later develop a more dynamic model and modify their proposition. Th is argues 出at after initial equalizing e叮叮ts of the market-oriented reforms , the market creates its own inequalities. In the long-run these reinforce those generated by the redistributive economy which leads to rising , social stratification as a result of reforms. While this revision improves the model it stillleaves a major weakness in the approach. For in view of the fact 出at wage income normall y accounts for three quarters of all income the neo-liberal


This letter provides a proof-of-concept experiment and validation of an error model for bistatic altimetry using signals of opportunity (SoOps). Coastal sea surface height plays a prominent role in measuring the total water-level envelope directly and is one of the key quantities required by storm surge applications and services. Nadir satellite altimeters have a long history of mapping the variability of the earth's open ocean. However, they exhibit problems operating in coastal areas due to the effects, such as land contamination, rapid variations due to tides, and atmospheric effects. One technique for filling this gap is bistatic altimetry using SoOp (e.g., digital communication signal reflections). In this letter, we investigate capabilities of this technique. Twenty three days of data were collected at platform harvest from a single channel of the Ku-Band direct broadcast satellite. The wind speed observed during the experiment was between 4 and 14 m/s and significant wave height was between 0.7 and 4 m as measured by buoy 46 218 located 8 km away. The standard deviation in the estimation of height was found to be 7.2 cm (the same as predicted from theory). Using a least-squares approach improved the precision reducing the standard deviation to 6.8 cm. It is shown that the error in the estimation of height can be reduced to 3.5 cm by utilizing the full bandwidth (all the channels) of the SoOp. Extrapolating these results, we predict a precision of 5.3 cm from a typical (e.g., Jason) orbit of 1380 km.


Machine learning (ML) methods often require large volumes of labeled data to achieve meaningful performance. The expertise necessary for labeling data in medical applications like pathology presents a significant challenge in developing clinical-grade tools. Crowdsourcing approaches address this challenge by collecting labels from multiple annotators with varying degrees of expertise. In recent years, multiple methods have been adapted to learn from noisy crowdsourced labels. Among them, Gaussian Processes (GPs) have achieved excellent performance due to their ability to model uncertainty. Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) address the limitations of GPs using multiple layers to enable the learning of more complex representations. In this work, we develop Deep Gaussian Processes for Crowdsourcing (DGPCR) to model the crowdsourcing problem with DGPs for the first time. DGPCR models the (unknown) underlying true labels, and the behavior of each annotator is modeled with a confusion matrix among classes. We use end-to-end variational inference to estimate both DGPCR parameters and annotator biases. Using annotations from 25 pathologists and medical trainees, we show that DGPCR is competitive or superior to Scalable Gaussian Processes for Crowdsourcing (SVGPCR) and other state-of-the-art deep-learning crowdsourcing methods for breast cancer classification. Also, we observe that DGPCR with noisy labels obtains better results (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{F}1=81.91$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%) than GPs (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{F}1=81.57$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%) and deep learning methods (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{F}1=80.88$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%) with true labels curated by experts. Finally, we show an improved estimation of annotators' behavior.


The objective of this study is to identify motivations, challenges, and opportunities of successful solvers participating in virtual teams of innovation contests (ICs) organized by an innovation in...


This article aims to reflect about the production and implementation of interactive exercises created with the Hot Potatoes software in Foreign Language classes. These exercises were applied to High School students at Prieto Martinez State School in Curitiba. The activities were made available on a web site and the students accessed them in the school computer laboratory. The Hot Potatoes software suite can be used by the teacher to create exercises exploring the content that he/she is working on. In order to verify the impact of these exercises on the students, they answered a questionnaire. The answers obtained suggest that the didactic material produced with the Hot Potatoes software raises students' attention and makes the practice of language exercises more interesting (fun and efficient).


Rececntly, the number of early and superficial carcinomas of the esophagus have markedly increased in Japan. The treatment strategy for early cancers of the esophagus has changed, and endoscopic mucosal resection has been employed in the past several years.Although wide lymph node dissection -including that of the cervical, mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes - should be performed for submucosal cancer, endoscopic mucosal resection should be applied to lesions with a depth limited to the proper mucosal layer, and a width of less than 3 cm, not occupying the whole circumference of the esophagus and where the total number of lesions is less than four.The details of our endoscopic mucosal resection technique using an EEMR-tube are presented in conjunction with the results of 189 cases treated with this method.Endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophagus should be applied under a broader indication than that of the stomach and colon, because regular surgical operations involving the esophagus are very invasive.


The positron polarization in the mirror transition N13, a predominantly Fermi transition, has been measured by detecting the circular polarization of the annihilation-in-flight quanta. The results indicate complete polarization of the positrons parallel to their momentum, showing that Fermi coupling contributes significantly to the positron polarization in the same sense as the Gamow-Teller coupling.


Under the circumstances of social transformation,the deepened economic reforms,increased benefit differences,and more acute clashes among the economic parties act as great challenges for Chinese social administration.So the paper argues for improved social coordination in terms of reform,development,stability,and welfare allocations.


Studying the insomnia medical record in the recent three decades of Professor ZHOU Zhong-ying,who is the contemporary old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine Master,screening 192 patients included 389 patient medical records,establishing medical record database based on the Visual FoxPro software technology combined with modern advanced mining techniques,using strong bidirectional association rules,chi-square,impact rate as specific data mining methods to deeply discuss and study the insomnia medical record of ZHOU Zhong-ying professor,focusing on mining the treatment of insomnia Utilization of Prescription for providing program support for clinical application.


A prosthetic swing-phase control mechanism simulates the action of thigh musculature to aid in increased gait function. In this work, a hydraulic damper and a magnetorheological (MR) damper are designed as controllers with an objective of evaluating their performance in controlling swing-phase damping in an above-knee prosthesis. Parametric models are utilized to represent dynamic properties of the dampers. Based on the models, control parameters that govern damping force and displacement of the dampers are identified. Parameters of the dampers are determined through optimization that minimizes the error between the prosthesis knee angle trajectories and a desired knee angle trajectory for normal level ground walking from experimental data. Experimental data of thigh and hip motions are introduced as inputs into a dynamic system to determine sets of control parameters. Furthermore, input thigh motion is also deviated to evaluate robustness of the controllers in real application. Comparison of the desired knee angle trajectory with those of the knee angle trajectories obtained from control parameters is done with respect to maximum achievable knee flexion angle, duration of swing phase, shank velocity at the end of swing phase and mean angle difference. Evaluation results of the dampers show a better competence of MR damper over hydraulic damper.


The market structure and performance of the Australian domestic air transport industry are largely determined by the Government's Two Airline Policy. Under this regulatory framework the Government has control over most factors affecting the provision of air services. This regulation and its resultant industry performance are subjected to economic analysis, where it is concluded that massive welfare costs are imposed on the Australian community.


Low-loss polymer materials incorporating fluorinated compounds have been utilized for the various optical devices. Since reliability issues concerning the polymer device have been resolved, the polymer waveguide devices adopted massively for commercial telecommunication systems. In this presentation, the recent status on the optical polymer devices' reliability and long term stability study to ensure more than 20 years operation in the real field will be described.


Active citizenship means transcending an individual's need for the basic necessities of life and striving for something more (public interest). The level of active citizenship is in direct proportion with the level of democracy and is also its indicator. Active citizenship is not only a right but is primarily an obligation to react everywhere and always. In this way we trigger the processes resulting from personal searching, enterprise and initiative. The values of the society and of each individual stimulate active citizenship. In this respect, the various forms of education, training and learning play an exceptional role. They involve the introduction to the technical possibilities of "being an active citizen," and even more so, of educating people to begin thinking with their own heads, which is certainly the most important goal of activating citizens. After all, it is the individual who publicly addresses the various, socially more or less significant topics. This calls for a responsible and "mature"   person who is willing to take on the responsibility for the consequences of his actions. Active citizenship is a skill that cannot be take for granted. Above all, it calls for active thinking that leads to action. The society must provide education and it is up to the individual to take advantage of it. On the basis of personal values and interests, an educated individual alone can make decisions on the "level of active citizenship." The process of integration of Slovenia into the EU is auspicious time for active citizenship as the European Union attributes great importance to the civil society and initiatives arising from it.


The utility model relates to a pressurization device for blood drawing, which belongs to subsidiary supplies for medical testing. The pressurization device adopts the structure that both an upper clamp and a lower clamp adopt semicircular structures; soft spongy layers are arranged on the inner circular surfaces of the upper clamp and the lower clamp; one end of the upper clamp is connected with one end of the lower clamp into a whole body through a hinge; a raised upper handle and a raised lower handle are respectively arranged at the other ends of the upper clamp and the lower clamp; an elastic connecting band is arranged at the middle position of the upper handle; 3 to 5 grooves are arranged on the bottom surface of the lower handle; and the lower handle is arranged to incline downward by 30 degrees. When the pressurization device is used, an arm of a patient is put between the upper clamp and the lower clamp, a phlebotomist holds the handle to a certain position, and puts the elastic connecting band in the suitable groove of the lower clamp to implement the next operation after the blood vessel obviously appears. The pressurization device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and time saving and labor saving properties.


High energy factorization predictions for F c 2 are derived using BFKL descriptions of the proton structure function F 2 at HERA. The model parameters are fixed by a fit of F 2 at small x. Two different approaches of the non perturbative proton input are shown to correspond to the factorization at the gluon or quark level, respectively. The predictions for F c 2 are in agreement with the data within the present error bars. However, the photon wave-function formulation (factorization at quark level) predicts significantly higher F c 2 than both gluon fac-torization and a next-leading order DGLAP model.


who earned a valid baseline exam on their first visit (Group 1). Standard scores were included for all CNSVS domains. The mean scores for all outcome variables of Group 1 and Group 2B were compared using ANOVA analyses with significance set at p=0.05. RESULTS: In the majority (11/13) of cognitive test scores, subjects with an initial invalid baseline performed similarly in their second attempt (Group 2B) compared to subjects who had a valid baseline exam after one attempt (Group 1). The general memory (92.17 ± 15.56) and visual memory (93.26 ± 13.21) scores for Group 2B remained significantly lower than Group 1 (99.96 ± 15.15; 101.33 ± 13.97) (p=0.015, p=0.006), respectively, while motor speed for the re-test group (109.91 ± 12.48) was significantly higher than Group 1 (102.90 ± 12.30) (p=0.02). Interestingly, the total test time (seconds) and the testing duration (seconds) were significantly faster (p< 0.001; p=0.008) during the second testing session (Group 2B = 1745.74 ± 205.72; 1599.09 ± 196.59) compared to the those who earned valid scores in their initial attempt (Group 1 = 2042.53 ±2.76.76; 1693.53 ± 167.16) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects initially completing an invalid baseline examination for concussion testing show significantly worse results than their peers who complete valid baseline tests initially, but these poor results do not persist when given a retest. When computerized neurocognitive tests include validity measurements, ―sandbagging‖ of results can be significantly mitigated, improving overall accuracy of post-injury concussion monitoring, thus decreasing the probability of returning an athlete too early following a concussive injury.


Abstract Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers a useful alternative to capillary electrophoresis (CE) based analysis of human identification markers in forensic genetics. By sequencing short tandem repeats (STRs) instead of determining the fragment lengths by CE, the sequence variation within the repeat region and the flanking regions may be identified. In this study, we typed 264 Uyghur individuals using the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System and Primer Mix A of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit that amplifies 27 autosomal STRs, 25 Y-STRs, seven X-STRs, and 94 HID-SNPs. STRinNGS v.1.0 and GATK 3.6 were used to analyse the STR regions and HID-SNPs, respectively. Increased allelic diversity was observed for 33 STRs with the PCR-MPS assay. The largest increases were found in DYS389II and D12S391, where the numbers of sequenced alleles were 3–4 times larger than those of alleles determined by repeat length alone. A relatively large number of flanking region variants (28 SNPs and three InDels) were observed in the Uyghur population. Seventeen of the flanking region SNPs were rare, and 12 of these SNPs had no accession number in dbSNP. The combined mean match probability and typical paternity index based on 26 sequenced autosomal STRs were 3.85E−36 and 1.49E + 16, respectively. This was 10 000 times lower and 1 000 times higher, respectively, than the same parameters calculated from STR repeat lengths. Key Points Sequencing data on STRs and SNPs used for human identification are presented for the Uyghur population. STRinNGS v.1.0 was used to analyse the flanking regions of STRs. The concordance between PCR-CE and PCR-MPS results was 99.86%. Detection of sequence variation in STRs and their flanking regions increased the allelic diversity.


This paper examines the intra- and inter-state usage of biometrics as a "new" technology of development and neoliberal security in South Asia. We view developmental use of biometrics as a tool for integrating the vast majority of poor and marginalized people as visible and calculable economic subjects. We examine the ways in which biometrics translates people into data for the purposes of state, security, and economic legibility. In this paper, we explore biometrics at the intersection of geopolitics, biopolitics, and development to highlight the promise and pitfalls of "technological progress" as a new development strategy.


The article analyzes the scientific and practical prerequisites for the formation (design) of the geoecological framework of the territory, the specific terminology in this area in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. The article studies the dynamics of the development of the concept of ecological networks (framework) in European countries and in Russia over the past decades. Using the example of the Chechen Republic, an interconnected system of nature conservation areas of various functional purposes has been developed, including existing specially protected natural territories, designed to maintain geoecological balance in the region. The cartographic method of research allowed visualizing the main structural elements of the proposed framework of a given territory. The article claims the relationship and the value of the basic, local and linear elements of the frame in the preservation of biological diversity and natural landscapes. The article also gives assessment of the current state and prospects of development of specially protected natural


This article deals with the problem of determining the applicable law for legal relations that arise within documentary letter of credit transactions. This question has not been dealt with in our theory and practice, and is not expressly regulated. For this reason, the solutions of English law, in which a number of decisions have been made and articles written on the subject, have been consulted as guidance on how this questions should be solved. In particular, legal relations between applicant (buyer or employer) and beneficiary (seller or constructor), applicant and issuing bank, issuing bank and nominated bank, beneficiary and confirming and issuing bank have been analyzed from the viewpoint of determining the applicable law. The analysis has shown that our choice of law rules, and especially the hard and fast choice of law rule for unilateral legal relations, are not adequate to lead to correct solutions in certain cases and that it would be useful to prescribe them in a more flexible manner.


Bitou Bush has already invaded extensive coastal dunes in subtropical and temperate eastern Australia. Can it be treated at a large enough scale to make a difference? Results to date of a targeted aerial spraying program (applied after wildfire at Bundjalung National Park) are showing strong recovery of high conservation value dunal vegetation along 35 km of the northern New South Wales coastline.


We present a patient with primary systemic AL‐amyloidosis, who stabilized hemodynamically on nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD). The NHD allowed a significant reduction in ultrafiltration rates which likely underlies the procedural tolerability. It also provided an increase in urea clearance, better control of serum phosphorus levels without the use of any binders, and normalization of blood pressure despite the discontinuation of all antihypertensive agents. Given the autonomic derangements associated with AL‐amyloidosis pathophysiology and the clinical benefits of NHD on hemodynamic stability, the use of intensive hemodialysis may be considered for the management of patients with unstable hemodynamic profiles.


Physicians often make diagnosis and treatment decisions based on incomplete data. That is why we practice medicine. We use accumulated knowledge and prior experience, individual and collective, to restore form and function of our patients to return them to normalcy with continued, durable homeostasis. However, due to the complex nature, our diagnosis may be wrong and our treatments ineffective or even harmful. The history of medicine and surgery is replete with such examples from snake oil and bloodletting to Halstedian radical mastectomy. Without knowing the governing dynamics, the cause-effect relationship is often obscure. Prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled trials provide the highest level of evidence, like the COVID vaccine trials, to determine if a treatment works. However, trials cannot explain in detail how and why a treatment works, or why it does not. Variabilities and uncertainty abound and require the correct mathematical methods to tease out the signal from the noise, causality from association. Collectively, statistics is the science of uncertainty and the extraction of reliable, useful information from raw data. The objectives of this review are to provide craniofacial surgeons with a primer in descriptive statistics: how to design investigations, collect, prepare, present, and interpret clinical data. Since large datasets at regional and national depositories represent powerful and valuable resources, and that their proper use requires a working knowledge in epidemiology, we included sections on incidence, prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity regarding diagnosis, treatments, and testing.


An accurate battery State of Charge (SOC) estimation is very important for electric vehicles. In this paper, a method is proposed to estimate the SOC of the lithium-ion batteries using radial basis function (RBF) networks and the adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF). The RBF networks are to model the battery-discharging process, then the AUKF is applied to estimate the SOC of the battery. Simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance in battery modeling and SOC estimation.


Objective To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging of the liver and the extent of portal vein stenosis in rabbits. Methods The 50% and 75% portal vein stenosis was induced by partial portal vein ligation in 20 New Zealand rabbits. Thirty minutes later the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the liver was performed. The parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were calculated based on signal intensity-time (SI-T) curve; the relationship between enhancement parameters and the extents of portal vein stenosis was analysed. Results The satisfactory SI-T curves were acquired from the liver of all rabbits except one. When the extent of portal vein stenosis exceeded 50%,there were statistical differences in relative hepatic arterial perfusion index (rHPI),relative portal venous perfusion index (rPPI),time to peak (TTP) and steepest slope (SS) (P0.05),but there were no differences in the peak height of the liver before the spleen enhanced (PHa) and peak height of the liver after the spleen enhanced (PHp). When the extent of portal vein stenosis exceeded 75%,there were statisticaly significant differences in rHPI,rPPI,TTP,SS,PHa and PHp (P0.01). There were significant differences between 50% portal vein stenosis and 75% stenosis only in rHPI and rPPI. Significant correlations were observed between rHPI,rPPI and the extents of portal vein stenosis(r=0.956,P0.01). Conclusions Increased the extents of portal vein stenosis in rabbits,portal perfusion decreased,arterial perfusion increased. MR perfusion imaging can reflect the extents of portal vein stenosis.


Signalized intersections are key elements in the urban transportation network where carry heavy traffic of motorized and non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians the intersection during peak periods. Intersection congestion is expressed in terms of level of service (LOS) as defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).Level of service is defined in terms of delay and ranges from LOS A (free-flow conditions) to LOS F (long delays). Delay represents an average stopped delay per vehicle fora 15-minute analysis period.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operational capacity of intersection (AL-Horh) in AL-Kut city.AL-Horh intersection is a ground intersection with four legs. Itrepresent one of the main intersections in Al-kut city for it links the traffic coming from Al- Zafaf Street to Al- Hora and Al- Kafaat Street. The volumes of traffic get congested   in the morning and evening at this intersection.To achieve the evolution performance of  intersection 700 TVL Samsung video cameras have been used to measure traffic volume in the intersections with 3.6mm lens and total station were used to survey the intersection  whereas ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) were used for processing for the purposes traffic analysis process.The operational analysis of the existing conditions of this intersection indicates that the LOS is (F) with an intersection delay value of 175.363sec. /vehicle.


Objective: We aimed to assess whether individuals at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis have higher rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders (CUDs) than non-UHR individuals and determine whether UHR cannabis users have more severe psychotic experiences than nonusers. Method: We conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting cannabis use in the UHR group and/or positive or negative symptoms among UHR cannabis users and non-users. Logit event rates were calculated for cannabis use, in addition to odds ratios to assess the difference between UHR and controls. Severity of clinical symptoms in UHR cannabis users and non-users was compared using Hedges' g. Results: Thirty unique studies were included (UHR n = 4205, controls n = 667) containing data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and randomised control trials. UHR individuals have high rates of current (26.7%) and lifetime (52.8%) cannabis use, and CUDs (12.8%). Lifetime use and CUDs were significantly higher than controls (lifetime OR: 2.09; CUD OR: 5.49). UHR cannabis users had higher rates of unusual thought content and suspiciousness than non-users. Conclusion: Ultra high risk individuals have high rates of cannabis use and CUDs, and cannabis users had more severe positive symptoms. Targeting substance use during the UHR phase may have significant benefits to an individual's long-term outcome. R. Carney , J. Cotter , J. Firth, T. Bradshaw, A. R. Yung Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester and Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK


The study examined the impact of capital gains tax on investment, social and economic development in Nigeria. Secondary data from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) Bulletin and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin for the period 2007 to 2017 were utilized in the study using multiple regression analysis technique and Pearson product moment correlation to measure the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. Findings revealed that capital gains tax has positive significant impact on investment, social and economic development in Nigeria but the level of significance is quite low. It is therefore recommended that government should increase the capital gains tax (CGT) rate, but not beyond tolerable limit so as to avoid dissention and maximize the revenue accruable to government to boost gross domestic products. Furthermore, government is advised to strive to attain an optimal CGT rate level which should increase revenue to government without negatively affecting CGT. Keywords : Capital Gains Tax; Economic Development, Exchange Rate; Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate, Investment, Social DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-2-04


Holt et al., "Structure-Activity Studies of Synthetic FKBP Ligands as Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Inhibitors," Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1994, 4(2), 315. Dumont, Francis J. et al., "The Immunosuppressive and Toxic Effects of FK-506 are Mechanistically Related: Phar macology of a Novel Antagonist of FK-506 and Rapamy cin," J. Exp. Med., 1992, 176, 751. Schreiber, Stuart L., Chemistry and Biology of the Immu nophilins and Their Immunosuppressive Ligands,: Science, 1991, 251, 282. Steiner, Joseph P. et al., "Pipecolic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Rotamase Activity, and Use in Treatment of Nervous System Disorders", Chemical Abstracts, (1996) Abstract No. 126:152817.


According to the high performance specification requirement of Sino-German Sub-millimeter Wave Radio Telescope,after a mass of research and simulation analysis,the two axes design schemebased on German Rexroth AC servo is selected for antenna servo system. The main framework of this system is based on motion logical controller and full digital AC drive,and reinforced by security protection device. Azimuth and elevation axis both adopt PID controlled force moment difference anti-backlash technique,improving antenna motion accuracy and stability. This design utilizes the powerful performance of the motion logical controller to realize trajectory tracking function,which solvesa key technical problem of antenna software.


This study aimed to analyze the perception of consumers about Natal visual merchandising in the windows of the city, using the elements of the environment, for the most strategic points of sales. To achieve the objectives proposed in the study, we used a search via Google Drive tool, composed of the socioeconomic impacts of the respondents and the constituent elements of visual merchandising of retail outlets, in the perception of those surveyed profile, with statistical treatment of data using chi - square tests, correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results indicated that consumers can identify the elements of the environment, since they exhibit preferences for soft aromas, light colors and gentle sounds. Another aspect identified were the factors that make the consumer is interested in a showcase. Observed their interest by those that tell a story arousing the curiosity, for those presented with imagination and seduction, the colors, the storage and finally the audience that the showcase will achieve. It was also identified that the constituent elements are impacting consumers at the time they are going through a shop window as they help in remembering that they are creating a brand identity it, and cause feeling of satisfaction so they want to stay in the store , return - and even remember her as a desire to purchase future arise. We conclude that the visual merchandising is a powerful and accurate tool, which when used properly helps companies to attract consumers into the store, makes them remember the brand and, besides all this, drives sales are they by necessity or not, thus presents itself as an important tool in business communication process.


The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of teaching geometry which is differentiated based on the parallel curriculum for gifted/talented students on spatial ability. For this purpose; two units as "Polygons" and "Geometric Objects" of 5th grade mathematics book has been taken and formed a new differentiated geometry unit. In this study, pretest and posttest designs of experimental model were used. The study was conducted in Istanbul Science and Art Center, which offers differentiated program to those who are gifted and talented students after school, in the city of Istanbul and participants were 30 students being 15 of them are experimental group and the other 15 are control group. Experimental group students were underwent a differentiated program on "Polygons" and "Geometric Objects" whereas the other group continued their normal program without any differentiation. Spatial Ability Test developed by Talented Youth Center of John Hopkins University was used to collect data. Above mentioned test was presented to both groups of the study. Collected data was analyzed by Mann Whitney-U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test which is in the statistics program. It is presented as a result of the study that the program prepared for the gifted and talented students raised their spatial thinking ability.


New seismic measurements are performed in Bucharest area with the purpose of defining better physical and dynamic properties of the shallow sedimentary rocks. Downhole seismic measurements were performed in 10 cased boreholes drilled in the Bucharest Metropolitan area. Processing and interpretation of the data lead to the conclusion that shallow sedimentary rocks can be considered weak in the area, down to 150-200 m depth. Seismic wave velocity values and bulk density values presented in the paper associated with local geology are useful primary data in the seismic microzonation of Bucharest City. They are used as 1D models to derive transfer functions and response spectra for the stack of sedimentary rocks in several parts of Bucharest area, leading to a better knowledge of the local site amplification and associated frequency spectra. This paper was presented in the symposium "Thirty Years from Romania Earthquake of March 4, 1977", 1-3 March 2007, Bucharest, Romania.


Bacterial cellulose (BC) with different morphologies was biosynthesized by Gluconacetobacter medellinensis strain under static and dynamic culture conditions using sugar cane juice and pineapple residues as sources of carbon and other nutrients. Hestrin and Schramm's standard culture medium was used as reference. The fermentation condition and resulting yield, physico-chemical properties, and morphology relationships of obtained cellulose were analyzed. Pineapple agroindustrial residues can be envisaged as an inexpensive and sustainable alternative resource for the production of different BC morphologies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41237.


Multiphase magnetism including Griffiths phase, superparamagnetism and spin glass state has been revealed in Ni50Mn30−xFexSn20−ySby (1 ≤ x ≤ 4 and 2 ≤ y ≤ 8) Heusler alloys from magnetization and AC magnetic susceptibility studies. Composition sensitive transition temperatures are observed in terms of differential scanning calorimetric studies. An alloy with specific x = 2.0 and y = 4, martensite transition occurs near room temperature 298 K. In this alloy, martensite plates of average thickness ~ 0.3 μm are found in the field emission scanning electron microscope images. The Griffiths phase (GP) forms at x = 1,2 and y = 2,4 near temperatures 340 K and 374 K above the Curie point of austenite TCA\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{C}^{A}$$\end{document} ~ 233 and 312 K, respectively, at magnetic field H = 0.05 T. The GP disappears at a large H = 1 T. During martensite ← austenite transition, the alloys undergo sequential spin glass ← superparamagnetic ← paramagnetic ← ferromagnetic (FM) transitions. Multiphase magnetism including Griffiths phase, superparamagnetism and spin glass state has been revealed in Ni50Mn30−xFexSn20−ySby (1 ≤ x ≤ 4 and 2 ≤ y ≤ 8) Heusler alloys from magnetization and AC magnetic susceptibility studies. Composition sensitive transition temperatures are observed in terms of differential scanning calorimetric studies. An alloy with specific x = 2.0 and y = 4, martensite transition occurs near room temperature 298 K. In this alloy, martensite plates of average thickness ~ 0.3 μm are found in the field emission scanning electron microscope images. The Griffiths phase (GP) forms at x = 1,2 and y = 2,4 near temperatures 340 K and 374 K above the Curie point of austenite TCA\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{C}^{A}$$\end{document} ~ 233 and 312 K, respectively, at magnetic field H = 0.05 T. The GP disappears at a large H = 1 T. During martensite ← austenite transition, the alloys undergo sequential spin glass ← superparamagnetic ← paramagnetic ← ferromagnetic (FM) transitions.


In 2014, a deadly Ebola virus outbreak caught the world's attention. At the height of this crisis, future president of the United States, Donald Trump, tweeted about Ebola's threat to Americans.Throughout the 2014 Ebola outbreak, the vibrant nature of, and public familiarity with, apocalyptic frames allowed the rhetoric of social media users, like Trump, to constitute an apocalyptic counterpublic where unsubstantiated claims increased public panic in the United States. This article demonstrates that health crises, like the 2014 Ebola outbreak, can be exaggerated through communication from traditional media, government institutions, and social media.


Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) is a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing de novo purine synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling.The 1035bp promoter region of adsl gene of Shouguang chicken( Gallus gallus ),one of the most important strains cultivated in China,was cloned and characterized in this study.The promoter of chicken ADSL gene shows typical features of house keeping genes:No canonical TATA and CAAT boxes were observed;this region contains 72.65% GC in 234bp near the start codon;there are two NRF-2 binding sites like the human near initiation codon involved in the regulation of purine biosynthesis possibly.What deserves to be mentioned is one SNP(C/T at -27of 5′UTR) was found among individuals in all Shouguang chicken studied frequency is 1.The SNP make CTCC which is non-potential binding site for NRF-2 (nuclear respiratory factor 2) mutate to CTTC for binding site NRF-2 suddenly.Contrary to this exactly,there is a SNP(CTTC→CTCC) in the first binding site for NRF-2 in humanbeing,and lead to the fact that ADSL defect symptom appears.


Deep level defects in silicon are identified by measuring the recombination lifetime as a function of the injection level. The basic models for recombination at deep and shallow centers is developed. The defect used for the theoretical model is the well-known interstitial Fe ion in silicon. Data are presented on silicon samples ranging in defect content from intentionally Fe-doped samples to an ultra-pure float-zone grown sample. These data are analyzed in terms of the injection-level spectroscopy model.


Current studies indicate that the use of advanced composites for structural application is expected to increase exponentially in the next decade (1). The market growth will mainly stem from the increased need for repair/strengthening of deficient structures and for new infrastructure systems that last longer and cost less to maintain. FRP composites can be manufactured in many shapes and forms. Applications of FRP composites in civil/infrastructure engineering are diverse and may include internal reinforcement, structural elements, and externally bonded reinforcement. For concrete reinforcement, the most popular forms of FRP are smooth and deformed bars, prestressing tendons, and pre-cured and cured-in place laminates/shells (2). FRP bars and tendons are currently produced with sizes and deformation patterns similar to those of steel bars and strands. FRP composites are light in weight, which means they are easier to transport and install. They are corrosion-resistant and therefore perform well in terms of longterm durability and maintenance cost. FRP pre-cured and cured-in-place laminates/shells and sheets are used for external concrete reinforcement (3) and FRP shells have been used as jackets for columns (4). FRP strengthening is currently being marketed in the form of systems.


With the proliferation of online distribution methods for videos, content owners require easier and more effective methods for monetization through advertising. Matching advertisements with related content has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the ads, but current methods for selecting relevant advertising keywords for videos are limited by reliance on manually supplied metadata. In this paper we study the feasibility of using text available from video content to obtain high quality keywords suitable for matching advertisements. In particular, we tap into three sources of text for ad keyword generation: production scripts, closed captioning tracks, and speech-to-text transcripts. We address several challenges associated with using such data. To overcome the high error rates prevalent in automatic speech recognition and the lack of an explicit structure to provide hints about which keywords are most relevant, we use statistical and generative methods to identify dominant terms in the source text. To overcome the sparsity of the data and resulting vocabulary mismatches between source text and the advertiser's chosen keywords, these terms are then expanded into a set of related keywords using related term mining methods. Our evaluations present a comprehensive analysis of the relative performance for these methods across a range of videos, including professionally produced films and popular videos from YouTube.


Renewable energy resources can play a significant role in supplying the energy needed in the rural areas of developing countries for improving the living environment and for economic development. The concept of energization in which all the available renewable resources are used in an integrated fashion with proper resource-need matching is preferable to straight-forward electrification. This paper discusses the application and design of integrated renewable energy systems (IRES) for energizing the rural areas of developing countries. The design tool IRES-KB that has been developed has the potential for on-site interaction with local populace and can serve both as a design tool and as a planning tool.


A mechanistic study was performed to investigate plasma damage and CFL, recovery of porous carbon-doped oxide (CDO) low k surfaces. First the nature of damage was examined for different plasma treatments in a standard RIE chamber then followed by a study using a downstream hybrid plasma source with separate ions and atomic radicals to investigate their respective roles in the plasma process. Plasma damage was found to be a complicated phenomenon involving both chemical and physical effects, depending on chemical reactivity and the energy and mass of the plasma species. Moisture uptake after plasma damage was found to be a major reason to cause dielectric constant increase. The CFL plasma treatment was found to be promising in repairing oxygen ashing damages by formation of a carbon-rich polymer layer. However, sp2 carbons on the top polymer layer seemed to limit the penetration of plasma CH4 and thus full recovery of low k damage.


Objective To produce the artificial antigen and multi-clonal Antibody of Semicarbazide(SEM).Methods Firstly,the hapten(CP-SEM) was derivatived by combining 4-carboxybenzaldehyde(CP) with Semicarbazide(SEM).Secondly,the hapten was conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) and ovalbumin(OVA) by carbodiimide method and the mixed anhydride method respectively.Finally,the artificial antigen(CPSEM-BSA) was used to immunized Balb/c mice to obtain polyclonal antibodies.the antibody to SEM were determined by indirect ELISA.Results:SEM artificial antigens were synthesized successfully,which were proved by ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE.Test of the antisera by indirected ELISA showed that the titer was 1:64000.Conclusion The results showed that the synthesis of antigen and preparation of multi-clonal antibody against SEM were successful.


A closed‐form deflection response of a beam rest is presented in this paper using the integral transform method. The theory of linear partial differential equations is used to represent the deflection of beam subjected to a moving harmonic line load in integration form. The solution is finally carried out using the inverse Fourier transform. To evaluate the integration analytically, poles of the integrand are identified with the help of algebraic equation theory. Residue theorem is then utilized to represent the integration as a contour integral in the complex plane. Closed‐form deflections and numerical results are provided for different combinations of load frequency and velocity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of the experimental study described in this paper is to show the impact of a character-based interface on users' emotional state which is derived from physiological signals of the user. Our results suggest that an embodied interface agent with emphatic behavior may significantly decrease user frustration and stress. Other findings are comparable to the 'Persona effect' of previously performed studies.


Article Type Descriptive Study Authors Abbasi M.* PhD, Amirian L.1 MA How to cite this article Abbasi M, Amirian L. Relationship between Humor and Subjective Well-Being with regard to Mediating Role of Resilience in Caregivers of Patients with Spinal Injury. Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2017;23(4):301-306. Copyright© 2017 ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. ٣٠٢ سابع دمحم ی و ل ی لا ما ی ر ی نا ـــــــــــ ــــــــــــ ـــ ــــــــ ــ ــ ـــــــــ ـــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــ ـــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــ ــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ لصف همان یملع یشهوژپ شناد قفا هرود ٢٣ هرامش ، ٤ ، زییاپ ١٣٩٦ خوش نیب هطبار یتسیزهب و یعبط هجوت اب ینهذ یجنایم شقن هب بات یرگ بقارم رد یروآ ا نارامیب ن


Domestic revenue mobilisation is fundamental if African countries are to fund investments in health, education, infrastructural development, economic growth, human capital development, security, and prosperity to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Some goals focus on eradicating poverty, reducing inequalities, strengthening institutions, and providing decent work. This requires resources and investment, yet Sub-Saharan African countries continuously struggle to mobilise enough revenue to meet basic government objectives. Through a critical literature review, this paper focuses on sustainable tax revenue mobilisation in Sub-Saharan African Countries, discussing the challenges, opportunities, and prospects for possible amelioration of tax systems. Challenges identified to explain the ineffectiveness of revenue mobilisation in these countries include the presence of a significant informal sector, weak tax administration capacities, the growth in the digital economy, corruption, governance quality, and increased tax avoidance and evasion by multinational companies. Possible prospects include taxation of the digital economy, taxing the informal sector, the capacitation of tax authorities, and the broadening of tax bases.


We present non-contact (NC) AFM results of Ge clusters on a Si(111)-(7 × 7) reconstructed surface. The low temperature NC-AFM allows us to directly observe the atomic structure of the Ge clusters on the Si(111). The Ge clusters reside in the middle of a half unit cell in the (7 × 7) reconstruction surface and they are ∼1.4 Å higher than the Si adatoms. By direct NC-AFM observation, the features of the Ge clusters on the Si(111) became clear. First, the Ge atoms reside in spaces between Si adatoms and on the Si/Ge atoms on the Si(111). Second, the Si adatoms shift from their original position through Ge adsorption, and interact with the Ge atoms accompanied by surface relaxation and a change in their spatial heights. In addition, the interatomic distance between the Ge atoms inside the clusters is approximately 4.0 Å, which is larger than that between the Ge atoms in the bulk (2.4 Å). Our NC-AFM results of Ge clusters provide valuable information for the basic study of clusters on semiconductor surfaces and may be useful for the manipulation and assembly of clusters for the realization of diverse nanostructures at the atomic level.


The factors inducing building subsidence are complex,and subsidence mechanism process is non-linear,so it is very difficult to obtain the theoretical building subsidence formula.Many important buildings of high security rank in construction period all must carry on the subsidence monitoring to guarantee the buildings safe and the prompt design revision.According to the characteristics of the building subsidence monitoring data,the paper synthetically analyzed on the influencing factors of building subsidence,and using grey theory about the continual nonlinear data row modeling method,through two times of fitting,established non-equidistance gray Verhulst GM(1,1) model,which can describe the high building subsidence process.This model,validated by some high building subsidence monitoring example in Chongqing area,can accurately forecast the building subsidence process and the final subsidence quantity.The results show that the modeling method is easy,high accurate and practicable.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................x LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................... xvi LIST OF ACRONYMS................................... ................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................ ...............................................................................1 1.0 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT.................................................................................................................4 1.3 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................4 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE..............................................................................................................................4 1.5 THESIS LAYOUT...........................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A GLOBAL CON TEXT...............................7 2.0 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................................7 2.1 THE ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................................10 2.1.1 The cost of waste management......................................................................................10 2.1.2 The economic benefits and costs of compost from or ganic waste.........................................12 2.2 SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT............................................................17 2.2.1 Socio-economic justice....................................................................................................18 2.2.2 Intergenerational equity....................... ............................................................................19 2.2.3 The precautionary principle.............................................................................................19 2.3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT..............................................................20 2.3.1 Greenhouse gas emissions from waste..........................................................................21 2.3.2 Waste generation and diversion in Canada ...................................................................23 2.3.3 Organic waste ..................................................................................................................27 2.3.4 Leachate...........................................................................................................................30 2.3.5 Landfill capacity and cost in Canada ..............................................................................31 2.3.6 Actions to reduce landfill waste and greenhouse gas emi sions...........................................32 2.3.7 Management options for organic waste ........... ......................................................................34 2.3.8 Effective waste management ......................... .........................................................................37 2.3.9 Landfill gas models ..........................................................................................................41 2.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MANITOBA , CANADA .............................................................................42 2.4.1 Waste management history in Manitoba........................................................................43 2.4.2 Winnipeg's waste management strategy ............. ..........................................................65 2.4.3 Audit of Manitoba's management of contaminated sites and landfills ..................................69 2.4.4 Other comments on Manitoba's waste management... ...........................................................70 2.5 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................72 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................74 3.


Summary A pacemaker that assures myocardial capture through automatic output adjustments would improve patient safety, extend battery life, and expedite follow-up visits. At the upstroke of the action potential, the cell membrane impedance strongly decreases due to opening of the sodium (Na) channels. During this phase, which lasts 2 – 4 ms, the myocardial impedance decreases accordingly. Theoretical models of membrane kinetics show that a brief negative dip in intracardiac impedance is expected soon after captured pacing (within 20 ms). The aim of this preliminary clinical investigation was to verify whether right ventricular capture could be recognized from intracardiac impedance changes that result from the Na channels opening. Six patients implanted with an Inos 2 CLS pacemaker and low-polarization leads were DDD paced at pulse amplitudes below and above the threshold. Bipolar right ventricular intracardiac impedance was (DC) measured by the pacemaker and downloaded via telemetry into a laptop PC for off-line processing. In all patients, a small (mean 2.9 ± 0.8 Ω) and fast (< 6 ms) intracardiac impedance dip was detected 10 – 18 ms after ventricular capture. This dip was not observed during non-captured events. In conclusion, an ultra-fast (within 20 ms) detection of capture is feasible using an impedance-based method. Since the impedance measurement is minimally affected by polarization artifacts, such a method is expected to work with any lead.


The rising popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a plethora of highly heterogeneous, geographically dispersed devices. In recent years, IoT platforms have been used to provide a variety of services to applications such as device discovery, context management, and data analysis. However, the lack of standardization currently means that each IoT platform comes with its own abstractions, APIs, and interactions. As a consequence, programming the interactions between an application and an IoT platform is often time consuming, error prone, and depends on the developers' level of knowledge about the IoT platform. To address these issues, we propose offering to application developers on the client side the possibility to declare variables that are automatically mapped to sensors and whose values are transparently updated with sensor observations. For this purpose, we introduce IoTVar, a middleware between IoT applications and platforms. In IoTVar, all the necessary interactions with IoT platforms are managed by proxies. This paper presents IoTVar integrated with the FIWARE platform, which is used for developing IoT Future Internet applications. We also report results of some experiments performed to evaluate IoTVar, showing IoTVar reduces the effort required to declare and manage IoT variables and its impact in terms of CPU, memory, and energy.


According to IPCC AR4 projections, the frequency of heavy precipitation events is likely to increase over the Pacific Northwestern (PNW) of USA during the 21st century. Consequently, flood risk is expected to increase in this region. Additionally, the land use change, such as urban development exacerbates the flood risk. We investigate potential changes in urban flood frequency and their uncertainty caused by future climate change and urban development in two urbanizing watersheds, the Fanno and Johnson, located in the PNW. The Fanno creek watershed is highly developed with a 84% urban land use, and the Johnson creek watershed is moderately developed with a 40% urban land use. The urban development of these watersheds will increase in the future with a higher rate of urban development in the Johnson watershed. This study employs three possible land use change scenarios, Conservation, Development, and Plan Trend, developed by the Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consorthium (PNW-ERC). The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) hydrological model developed by U.S. Geological Survey is employed to simulate runoff changes and resulting changes in flood frequency. To consider model parameter uncertainty, Latin Hypercube Sampling is employed to sample the PRMS model parameter space and estimate the acceptable parameter ranges according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criterion. The U.S. Geological Survey PeakFQ program is also applied to estimate flood frequency with different recurrence intervals. To estimate uncertainties of climate change projection, we use eight GCMs and two emission scenarios (A1B and B1). The results show that change in flood frequency in the Johnson watershed is more significant than in the Fanno watershed because of the higher rate of urban development. The flood frequency changes are most sensitive to uncertainty in the GCM structure and downscaling method but are less affected by uncertainties due to hydrological model parameters and emission scenarios.


The antimicrobial stability of the ingredients extracted from lotus leaf by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is studied in this paper. The results show that these ingredients have some antimicrobial activities, but the condition whether in acid or caustic environment is important for its stability. The stability are affected by the longtime treatment under high not by the instant treatment at high temperature, normal temperature and lighting.


This research is aimed at examining the BIPA teaching book "Language Friendly Volume 1" published by Antasari Banjarmasin State Islamic University from several aspects: First, a review of the suitability of the material with the Graduate Competency Standards (SKL) stipulated in the Permendikbub from its accuracy and cultural content. Second, this research is aimed at examining the suitability of material for Arabic speakers, this refers to the fact that Arabs often dominate BIPA participants at UIN Antasari. This study uses a qualitative approach because the data are in the form of narratives or text. The method used by researchers is content analysis. The indicators used in analyzing the book's content were adopted from Muslich, and the rating interval was adopted from the scale developed by Nurgiyantoro. The results of this study revealed that the BIPA textbook "Language Friendly Volume 1" designed for the A1 level of need, was still "not appropriate" with a percentage of 50%. The drawback is that the author is inconsistent in presenting the material, narrative, dialogue, and Indonesian insights. There is also material content that is not yet time to be delivered at the A1 level. This BIPA textbook is considered not suitable for use by Arabic speakers or even other foreign speakers.


The complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and density functional theory (DFT) approaches have been used to study the mechanistic details of Norrish type I and II reactions of aromatic carbonyl compounds, with butyrophenone (PhCOCH2CH2CH3) as a representative. A minimum energy crossing point was found to exist among three potential energy surfaces (S1, T1, and T2), and the three-surface crossing allows the T2 state to act as a relay that enables the intersystem crossing (ISC) from S1 to T1 to occur with a high efficiency for PhCOCH2CH2CH3. Once the molecule is in the T1 state, the 1,5-H shift reaction is the predominant reaction pathway and yields a triplet 1,4-biradical of PhC(OH)CH2CH2CH2 as an intermediate species. Since the formation of excited triplet products is energetically improbable, the subsequent decomposition, cyclicization, and disproportionation of the 1,4-biradical proceed after intersystem crossing from the triplet to singlet state. The singlet 1,4-biradical was found to hav...


Heightened risks for suicide attempts and completed suicide are known to be familial, but the pathways for transmitting these risks are unclear. To


The present invention relates to a device and a method of character input, the present invention is directed to a character input method for the terminal to be installed sub-display and input unit on the main display unit is installed and the other surface to the one surface, when the first input window displayed on the main display , determine the request whether or not the transitions and, when prompted transitions, display a second input window on the sub display unit, through parts of the input and character is input to the second input window, requests the storage of the input character It receives, stores the inputted characters and displays the stored character in the first input window. Therefore, the present invention provides a device and a method of character input that can increase the utilization of the display. Dual display, input, character input, screen switching, the terminal


In previous studies, about 40% to 65% of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Results were conflicting regarding conservative versus aggressive treatment for non–infarct-related artery (IRA) disease ( Am Heart J 2004; 148:493, JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:22, and NEJM JW Cardiol Sep 1 2013).

To investigate the rate, extent, location, and …