Abstract The priapulid worm Halicryptus spinulosus was found with a density of about 60 ± 20 ind m-2 in the silty sediment of Kiel Bight (western Baltic). In sediment samples taken by a box corer we found a burrow system down to 25 cm sediment depth, connected with the overlying water by openings at the sediment surface. In this 25 cm sediment depth the volume of the burrow systems was estimated to be 0.35 %, which corresponds to a secondary surface of 0.7 m2 for each 1 m2 sediment surface. Laboratory experiments, using fluorescent sand grains (luminophores) as particle tracers and sodium bromide as a tracer for dissolved compounds, were performed to quantify the bioturbative effects of H. spinulosus. Results from laboratory experiments indicate a downward particle transport, strongly correlated with H. spinulosus abundance and number of burrow openings. From these experiments a bulk sediment transport time, i.e. the time in which the uppermost (2 mm) sediment layer is completely mixed into a distinct sed...


The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between price and product completeness with purchasing decisions either partially or simultaneously at Zami Mart, Tangerang. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. While the data analysis techniques used in this study are Simple Linear Regression Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Coefficient of Determination Analysis, and Hypothesis Testing (t test and F test). The results showed a correlation between price and product completeness with purchasing decisions. Based on the analysis of the coefficient of determination obtained R Square (R2) = 0.426, where KD = R2 x 100% = 0.426 x 100% = 42.6%. Price and product completeness have a correlation of 42.6% on purchasing decisions, while the remaining 57.4% are influenced by other variables. Furthermore, according to the hypothesis test there is a correlation between price and purchasing decisions where according to the results of the t test, the value of t count > t table (3.999 > 1.98472). Then the completeness of the product has a correlation with purchasing decisions, where according to the results of the t test, the value of t count > t table (3.671 > 1.98472). Furthermore, the price and completeness of the product have a correlation with purchasing decisions. Based on the results of the F test, the calculated F value is greater than F table or 36,011 > 3,090.


The scope of this chapter is to introduce a highly efficient HfO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) process with superior interface defect characteristics that can be applied on high-mobility III-V substrates. For a long time, the major academic research of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) studies was mainly oriented on searching for the suitable high-k dielectric, and among the reported high-k/III-V MOS studies, Al2O3 and AlN have demonstrated the most promising results. However, usually, the dielectrics with higher dielectric constant suffered from more defective interface quality including the HfO2, which should be overcome to meet the intensive operation voltage scaling requirements. In order to protect the interface of the HfO2/III-V MOS, the exposed III-V surface has to be carefully treated before, while, and after the whole high-k deposition process. For this purpose, the effect of isopropyl alcohol precursor and in situ cyclic nitrogen plasma treatment on the HfO2 ALD process at III-V substrates was thoroughly investigated. Remarkable interface state density levels with strong inversion behavior were achieved, which have not been observed at the previous HfO2/InGaAs studies. Also, detailed analysis of the interface characteristics was investigated to broaden the understanding of the improvement phenomenon.


Osteoma is a benign, slow-growing osteogenic lesion that sometimes arises from the maxillofacial region, such as the sinus, temporal or jaw bones. Osteoma of the mandible is a rare entity with very few cases reported in the literature. This paper reports an additional case of osteoma in the mandible in a 21-year-old male patient. The purpose of this paper is to present clinical, radiographic, surgical and histopathological features of an osteoma of the mandible and treatment of this lesion.


ABSTRACT In 1989, after an incident in which a white teacher used a derogatory word against three black students in a high school in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the school developed a program called "Understanding and Sharing Diversity" (US Group). Every two months, approximately 60 students participated in all-day forums, where they could speak freely about issues and experiences regarding race, racism, and identity in school. This research examines the origins and development of US Group as representative of a particular historical moment and space: a public high school in a progressive Midwestern town during the period of desegregation. It contributes to the literature on critical geographies of education and race through a historical analysis of desegregation policies and their impacts, while also providing a blueprint for antiracist educational initiatives. Keywords: desegregation, education policy, race, anti-racist initiatives


In the uplands of northern Vietnam, culture of grass carp contributes significantly to income and household food security of Black Thai farmers. Maize is one of the most important upland crops and barnyard grass is the most important weed in the paddy rice fields. Thus, these are frequently used by small-scale fish farmers as fish feed. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted simultaneously in a recirculation and in a respirometric system to determine the digestibility and metabolizability of the nutrients of maize leaves and barnyard grass, to assess their crude protein, lipid and energy conversion and to estimate the energy allocation in grass carp. The following diets were used: diet 'A' (reference diet) containing 39% crude protein with 19.8 MJ kg−1 gross energy; diets 'B', 'C' and 'D', which contained the same amount of the reference diet as the control diet, supplemented with a known amount of dried barnyard grass, dried maize leaves or fresh maize leaves, respectively. Five fish were assigned to each treatment in each experimental unit. Reference and test diets were fed to fish and faecal samples were collected and the oxygen consumption was measured in order to set up an energy budget of the fish over the whole experimental period. The weekly development of the body weight was recorded. The body weight gain of the fish fed diet D was significantly higher than that of the group fed diet A, which also in turn was significantly higher than that of fish fed diet B or C. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and gross energy for the different experimental diets in fish kept in the aquaria were, for diets A, B, C and D respectively, 94.1%, 60.9%, 70.5% and 84.7% for protein, 91.3%, 60.7%, 76.8% and 71.8% for lipid; 95.9%, 44.5%, 60.6% and 69.1% for gross energy. The partial ADC of plant leaf ingredients were determined and barnyard grass and dried maize leaves were found to be not only poorly digestible but having negative impact on the digestibility of the reference diet, while fresh maize leaves were well digested. The results of the present study indicated that fresh maize leaves have a good potential to be used as supplement in diets for grass carp.


Thromb Haemost 2009; 101: 5–6 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious clinical condition manifesting as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients with VTE have a considerable risk of recurrent VTE that persists for many years (1, 2). In a population based cohort study, Heit et al. (1) found an overall cumulative percentage of VTE recurrence at 180 days, 1 and 10 years of 10.1%, 12.9%, and 30.4%, respectively. In another recent prospective cohort study, Prandoni et al. (2) reported, in patients with a first episode of VTE followed for eight years after oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) withdrawal, a cumulative incidence of recurrence of 17.5% after two years, 24.6% after five years, and 30.3% after eight years. OAT is effective in reducing the VTE recurrence rate. However, anticoagulant treatment is associated with an increased risk for bleeding complications (3). Thus, anticoagulation has to be discontinued when the benefit of treatment no longer outweighs its risks and this clearly depends on the estimated risk of recurrence. The optimal duration of OAT is established, either after a first episode of VTE, in patients with a transient or with a persistent risk factor for VTE with an average risk of bleeding. Patients with a persistent risk factor for VTE had a high risk of recurrence. In patients with cancer, the risk of recurrent VTE after stopping anticoagulant therapy is as high as 10% to 20% in the first year, particularly among those with metastatic disease or among those who received concurrent chemotherapy (2, 4). Thus, in view of the persistently high risk of VTE recurrence, a prolonged anticoagulant treatment is currently recommended in patients as long as the cancer remains active. Conversely, in patients with major reversible risk factor such as surgery, immobilization or trauma, the risk of recurrence is relatively low (5), and to stop anticoagulant therapy after three months of treatment appears to be a reasonable option. On the other hand, the optimal duration of OAT in patients with a first unprovoked episode of VTE is still uncertain, and recent guidelines of the American College of Chest Physician suggested to carefully assess the potential risks and benefits of long-term OAT in each patient (6). Recently, several studies have assessed the role of some individual features evaluated at the end of conventional anticoagulant treatment as risk factors for recurrence (7, 8). The main aim of this approach was to identify those patients with unprovoked VTE who could benefit from extended anticoagulant treatment. In a randomized controlled study, Palareti et al. showed that patients one month after discontinuation of anticoagulation with an abnormal D-dimer level had a significantly higher incidence of recurrent VTE compared to patients with normal D-dimer, and that resumption of anticoagulation was effective in reducing thromboembolic complications in these patients (7). In a prospective cohort study on 313 consecutive symptomatic outpatients with proximal DVT, Prandoni et al. showed that persistence of residual venous thrombosis at follow-up visits was associated with an increased risk VTE recurrence (8). Several studies and a meta-analysis have revealed that men have at higher risk of recurrence than women (9) and first manifestation of thrombosis as PE seems to be associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence (10). During the last decade several abnormalities in the coagulation system have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Their impact on the recurrence rate has been the focus of several clinical studies. Factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A variation, the commonest inherited risk factors for thrombosis, are associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence (11). However, the magnitude of the risk conferred by the presence of one of these risk factors is modest and not sufficient to warrant long-term anticoagulation. Inherited deficiencies of natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C, and protein S are present in less than 10% of VTE patients (12). Patients with these deficiencies are considered at higher risk for VTE (13). On the other hand, only few studies with a limited number of included patients have assessed the risk of recurrence associated with these thrombophilic abnormalities (14, 15). In these studies, the risk of recurrence in patients with first VTE and a thrombophilic defect and in patients without a thrombophilic defect was similar. However, these studies also included patients with other thrombophilic defects such as factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation and included a relatively small number of patients with deficiencies of natural anticoagulants.


Prior research on organizational capability upgrading has limited its focus on the upgrading means and outcomes, leaving the upgrading process under studied. To fill the gap, in this paper, we theoretically explain and empirically test the process during which firms decide on two alternative capability upgrading directions: capability-deepening or capability-broadening upgrading. We propose that firms choose a certain capability upgrading direction as a deliberate problem-solving process, and that an effective learning mechanism is needed to facilitate the process. Specifically, a firm with high perceived proprietary resource constraints tends to have high engagement in capability-deepening upgrading, while a firm that possesses high ordinary resource slack will have high engagement in capability- broadening upgrading. Further, international benchmarking serves as an important mediating mechanism that guides the firm to a specific capability upgrading pattern to resolve the identified problem. The finding...


Pain management is an important aspect of nursing care. Despite the existence of several nursing interventions to manage surgical pain, post-operative pain management has been inadequate. The study aimed to evaluate nursing intervention on post-operative pain among surgical patients. Two groups pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental study was adopted and thirty surgical patients were included. Sample size was determined using Leslie Kish formula and purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 15 surgical patients into the experimental and control groups respectively. A standardized numeric pain rating scale was adopted to collect data on pre-intervention pain intensity from both groups 12 hours post-surgery and post-intervention pain intensity data from both groups 24hours post-surgery. Data was processed using statistical package for social science version 21. Two research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of percentages and one hypothesis was tested using inferential statistics of student t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Majority (80%) surgical patients in the experimental group and (66.8%) in the control group had high pre-intervention pain intensity. Majority (59% ) surgical patients in the experimental group had low post-intervention pain intensity and (59%) in the control group had high post-intervention pain intensity. There is significant difference in post-intervention pain intensity among surgical patients in the experimental and control group (p= .000). Post-operative pain intensity can be managed through exposure of surgical patients to appropriate nursing intervention on pain management. The study recommended that surgical patients should be exposed to appropriate nursing intervention in post-operative pain management.


An embodiment of the invention provides a display method and electronic equipment. The electronic equipment is provided with a display unit; the size of a display area of the display unit is a first size in the first direction; when the display unit displays a first content, operation of an operating body is received; the size of the first content is a second size in the first direction; the second size is greater than the first size; and a first portion of the first content is displayed in the display area. The display method comprises the following steps of judging whether the operation meets a predetermined condition; acquiring a second corresponding relation which is a corresponding relation between an operation parameter and an adjusting parameter when the operation meets a second predetermined condition; determining a second adjusting parameter according to the operation parameter and the second corresponding relation of the operation; and responding a second adjusting parameter so that a third portion of the first content is displayed in the display area. The first portion is different from the third portion, the second portion is also different from the third portion, the first predetermined condition is different from the second predetermined condition, and the first adjusting parameter is different from the second adjusting parameter. The using experience of a user is improved.


The Join task between Spark large tables takes a long time to run and produces a lot of disk I/O, network I/O and disk occupation in the Shuffle process. This paper proposes a lightweight distributed data filtering model that combines broadcast variables and accumulators using RoaringBitmap. When the data in the two tables are not exactly matched, the dimension table Key is collected through the accumulator, compressed by RoaringBitmap and distributed to each node using broadcast variables. The distributed fact table data can be pre-filtered on the local server, which effectively reduces the data transmission and disk reading and writing in the Shuffle phase. Experimental results show that this optimization method can reduce disk usage, shorten the running time and reduce network I/O and disk I/O for Spark Join tasks in the case of massive data, and the effect is more obvious when the two tables have a higher incomplete matching degree or a fixed matching degree but a larger amount of data. This optimization scheme has the advantages of being easy to use, being easy to maintain and having an obvious effect, and it can be applied to many development scenarios.


Although the presentation of pheochromocytoma is remarkably protean, it usually presents as sustained or paroxysmal hypertension with triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis. The Incidence of serendipitously discovered pheochromocytoma is approximately 4% to 8%. Perioperative management of such cases are not only controversial but also poses infallible challenges to the surgeon. This case report intends to highlight an unusual presentation of asymptomatic, normotensive pheochromocytoma as a huge abdominal mass and its management.


Leea species was originally placed in the family Vitaceae but was later placed in the Leeaceae due to the anatomical differences between the two families and between species. A study on the anatomical difference in leaves of four species in the Vitaceae (Tetrastigma cruciatum, Pterisanthes miquelii, Cissus hastata and Nothocissus spicifera) and two species from Leeaceae (Leea rubra and Leea indica) was undertaken. Show that species from the two families differ in the shape of the transverse sections of the petiole and midrib. Druses and raphides are present in the petioles and midribs of Tetrastigma cruciatum, Pterisanthes miquelii, Cissus hastata and Nothocissus spicifera, while in Leea rubra and Leea indica only druses are present. Starch grains are present in the pith of the Vitaceae species studied but are absent in both L. rubra and L. indica.


Objective: To investigate the ability of α-tocopherol acetate (TA) and α-tocopherol (T), widely used ingredients in cosmetics, to cross the epidermal barrier using the neonatal rat as a model. Materials and Methods: The content of T and TA in four marketed products (A–D) and two experimental formulations (F1, F2) was investigated by HPLC. An in vitro permeation study was performed in neonatal rat epidermis using diffusion cells. In vivo permeation was studied in neonatal rats after repeated application of the products and analysis of T and TA in the stratum corneum/deeper skin layers. Results: Variable contents of TA were found in the marketed products (0.12–0.53%). No vitamin permeation was detected through the stratum corneum as in vitro biological barrier after 4 h. No detectable T and TA were seen in the in vivo permeation study in the epidermis. Variable degrees of drug penetration (4.3–12.6%) of the applied dose into the deeper skin layers were observed, depending on the formulation. In vivo application of TA-containing preparations did not result in any transformation of TA into T under the described experimental conditions. Conclusion: TA and T exhibited variable skin penetration and TA did not transform into T under the experimental conditions. The data underscored the need for further studies to optimize such formulations to improve vitamin E transdermal permeation and eventually achieve the expected cosmetic/therapeutic outcome.


The goal of this project was to develop non-destructive, minimally disruptive eddy sensors to inspect small diameter stainless steel metal tubes. Modifications to Sandia's Emphasis/EIGER code allowed for the modeling of eddy current bobbin sensors near or around 1/8-inch outer diameter stainless steel tubing. Modeling results indicated that an eddy sensor based on a single axial coil could effectively detect changes in the inner diameter of a stainless steel tubing. Based on the modeling results, sensor coils capable of detecting small changes in the inner diameter of a stainless steel tube were designed, built and tested. The observed sensor response agreed with the results of the modeling and with eddy sensor theory. A separate limited distribution SAND report is being issued demonstrating the application of this sensor.


Thank you very much for reading mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases model building analysis and interpretation. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases model building analysis and interpretation, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


The number of older people is increasing in many countries. By 2030, it is estimated that 15% of the overall population will be comprised of people aged 65 and above. Hence, the monitoring and tracking of elder activities to ensure they live an active life has become a major research topic in recent years. In this work, an elderly sub-activity tracking system is developed to detect the sub-activity of the elderly based on their physical activities and indoor location. The physical activities tracking system and indoor location system is combined in this project to enhance the context of the elderly activities (i.e. sub-activities as defined in this project). An indoor location system is developed by using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon and BLE scanners to measure the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) signal to detect the location of the elderly. The activity tracking is carried out via a waist wearable device worn by the elderly. Random forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used as machine learning classifiers to predict the activity and indoor location with an accuracy of 95.03% and 86.58%, respectively. The data from activity tracking and indoor location sub-systems will then be combined to derive the sub-activity and push to an online Internet of Things (IoT) platform for remote monitoring and notification.


A hybrid pulse detonation engine principle test system which is make up of turbocharger,pulse detonation combustor,fuel supply cell,lubricant cell and measuring and control cell was designed and integrated.In primary experimental research,it was found that the system can operate reliably.When pulse detonation combustor combined with a turbocharger's turbine,it can operate smoothly in certain frequency range.At the head and other axial measuring locations,the peak pressure of pulse detonation combustor-turbine was higher than it was measured when the pulse detonation combustor worked separately.The air flow of turbocharger compressor exit was bigger than the air flow of pulse detonation combustor inlet.It is shown that the compressor can be used to supply sufficient air for pulse detonation combustor.At the operation frequency of 5Hz,when the turbocharger turbine had endured impact of detonation production for 20 minutes,its blades didn't appear any sinter and crack.


In the fall of 2005, the University of Wyoming initiated a Freshman READ program for all incoming freshmen. The book selected for the inaugural READ program was Dava Sobel's Longitude. The University objective was to explore how the book could be used across the curriculum in all colleges and to provide the first year students with a common reading experience. This paper explores how the College of Engineering incorporated the University READ program into the freshman introduction to engineering course. Included in the paper is a discussion of how the annual design challenge was adapted to a Longitude theme, how information literacy questions were structured around the theme, and how the university library system supported the student research and assessment papers required for the course. A critical component of the project was assessing the student papers and the student's ability to evaluate and comment on their research papers. A summary of this assessment is included. The paper concludes with a summary of the overall assessment of the integrated program including suggestions on how other engineering colleges might be able to capitalize on first year reading programs.


Like many others, I was swept up in the excitement about the progress we have made in the fight against HIV/AIDS on display at the recent International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC. However, our progress hasn't been universal. In fact, there are a number of areas in which we may be regressing. One is the course of the epidemic among America's youth. Young people between the ages of 13 and 29 have the steepest rise in new HIV infections, compared to stable incidence in other age groups, and account for 39% of all new infections while comprising only 21% of the U.S. population. ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). The CDC estimates that overall, 20% of HIV-positive Americans don't know they are infected, but when youth are isolated from the equation, a staggering 60% have no idea they carry the HIV virus ([ 3 ][3]).

Who are these youth? As with much of the domestic epidemic in the last decade, new infections occur disproportionately among youth of color, who represent 80% ([ 2 ][2]) of new infections. The disease has also hit hardest among young gay and bisexual men ([ 2 ][2]), which paradoxically results in putting many young women at risk for infection. In my clinic in the Bronx, New York, 50% of the clients who identify as young men who have sex with men report also having sex with women ([ 4 ][4]).

By some definitions, there is a new generation every 5 years. Considering that the youth sitting in high school today will be out in the world in as little as 3 years, it's clear that those of us who are called to educate and care for youth must remain vigilant. We must invest in a continually updated and vigorous prevention, testing, and treatment program that evolves to engage each generation of youth. We must be guided by science and not politics. If we maintain the status quo, we risk losing the next generation of youth to apathy and losing our gains through a false hope in the scope of our progress.

1. [↵][5] CDC, "Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the U.S., 2009" (HIV Surveillance report, 2011), vol. 21.

2. [↵][6] CDC, "HIV among youth fact sheet" (December 2011).

3. [↵][7] CDC, MMWR HIV Surveillance 1981–2008 60, 689 (2011).
 [OpenUrl][8]

4. [↵][9] 1. A. Fernandez 2. et al
 ., "YMSM of Color: Perspectives from NYC," International AIDS Conference, July 2012, Washington, DC.

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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for the utilities and grid operators around the world. In this work, we focus on the problem of load forecasting. With strict social distancing restrictions, power consumption profiles around the world have shifted both in magnitude and daily patterns. These changes have caused significant difficulties in short-term load forecasting. Typically algorithms use weather, timing information and previous consumption levels as input variables, yet they cannot capture large and sudden changes in socioeconomic behavior during the pandemic. In this paper, we introduce mobility as a measure of economic activities to complement existing building blocks of forecasting algorithms. Mobility data acts as good proxies for the population-level behaviors during the implementation and subsequent easing of social distancing measures. The major challenge with such dataset is that only limited mobility records are associated with the recent pandemic. To overcome this small data problem, we design a transfer learning scheme that enables knowledge transfer between several different geographical regions. This architecture leverages the diversity across these regions and the resulting aggregated model can boost the algorithm performance in each region's day-ahead forecast. Through simulations for regions in the US and Europe, we show our proposed algorithm can outperform conventional forecasting methods by more than three-folds. In addition, we demonstrate how the proposed model can be used to project how electricity consumption would recover based on different mobility scenarios.


The realization of high-energy density lithium-sulfur batteries requires the development of stable, reversible, and practical lithium-metal anodes. This necessitates a comprehensive study of the dynamics of lithium deposition in Li-S batteries. Most of the research in Li-S batteries has focused on half-cell studies, which include a thick metallic-lithium chip as the anode. With an infinite supply of lithium, this precludes understanding the impact of lithium degradation and loss on electrochemical performance. Hence, an investigation of Li-S cell performance in the absence of a large excess of lithium, i.e., under lithium-limited conditions, is acutely needed. To this end, a novel full-cell configuration for Li-S batteries is presented here that comprises a lithium sulfide cathode paired with a bare copper or nickel foil as the hostless-anode substrate for lithium deposition. As the cell has only a limited and stoichiometric amount of lithium from the cathode without any free lithium metal on the anode, its electrochemical performance is limited by the efficiency of lithium plating and stripping. This allows for a more realistic assessment of Li-S cell performance. In addition, the role and dynamical behavior of the lithium anode can be effectively clarified by contrasting the electrochemical performance of the full cell to a comparable half cell. Counter-intuitively, the Li2S full cell shows only a modest decline in electrochemical performance in comparison to the Li2S half cell. It demonstrates reasonable capacity retention with an average Coulombic efficiency of 96% over 100 cycles. In contrast, the capacity of a similar lithium-plating-based full cell employing LiFePO4 cathodes declines to near zero within 10 cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of plating and stripping a comparable amount of lithium on copper foil is vastly improved for Li2S counter electrode as opposed to Li-metal counter electrode. The exceptional robustness of the Li2S system points to an intrinsic stabilization of the lithium-deposition process in Li-S batteries. Detailed morphological and compositional characterization of the deposited lithium shows that the polysulfide intermediates formed help modulate the plating of lithium by forming deposits of Li2S and Li2S2, which facilitate the formation of a smooth planar morphology. A comparison of various electrolyte formulations in full-cell configuration reveals a sharp divergence in electrochemical performance, which is not observed in half-cell configuration. Emanating from the disparate lithium-deposition characteristics in different electrolytes, this helps provide insights into the critical solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) components on the lithium surface that enable dynamic stabilization of lithium plating and stripping in Li-S batteries. This configuration portrays a promising approach to a realistic and effective implementation of the lithium-metal anode in Li-S batteries. It is significant that a considerable enhancement in gravimetric and volumetric energy density can be achieved from eliminating excess lithium, while still maintaining reasonable electrochemical performance. The lithium-limited nature of this configuration makes it an ideal template for generating novel insights into the dynamics of lithium degradation and SEI formation. This work opens up a new frontier in research in Li-S batteries, bringing them one step closer to reality. Figure: Schematic illustration of the deposited lithium on the copper foil from a Cu || Li2S full cell and the electrochemical performance of the Li || Li2S half cell compared with Cu || Li2S full cell. Figure 1


This paper introduces Conference Toolkit, ,a system layer supporting multimedia, real-time cooperation among _ users via shared applications. Conference Toolkit allows both to integrate standard applications in a conference environment and to develop "conference aware" applications. It is based on a concurrent object-oriented scheme. Conference Desk, a prototype based on the, Conference Toolkit model, is described.


The utility model discloses a contact pin for the electric connector of a motor train unit. The contact pin comprises a plug and a plug receptacle, and is characterized in that the contact pin of the plug receptacle is a concave pin, the inner hole of which has smooth circumferential surface, the contact pin of the plug is a tubular convex pin, a cross-shaped groove is formed at the front end of the convex pin, a spring ring is embedded in the convex pin, and when the plug and the plug receptacle are in the connection state, the outer surface of the convex pin is in contact with the inner hole surface of the concave pin. When the convex pin of the plug is inserted into the concave pin of the plug receptacle, through appropriate distortion of the convex pin of the plug, the contact pressure and the maximum contact area between the contact pins can be fully guaranteed, the contact resistance can be reduced to the largest extent, and the fast connection and separation of the contact pins of the electric connector can be realized.


Model checking is a formal automatic verification technology for complex concurrent systems. It is used widely in the verification and analysis of computer software and hardware systems, communication protocols, security protocols, etc. The generalized possibilistic μ-calculus model-checking algorithm for decision processes is studied to solve the formal verification problem of concurrent systems with nondeterministic information and incomplete information on the basis of possibility theory. Firstly, the generalized possibilistic decision process is introduced as the system model. Then, the classical proposition μ-calculus is improved and extended, and the concept of generalized possibilistic μ-calculus (GPoμ) is given to describe the attribute characteristics of nondeterministic systems. Then, the GPoμ model-checking algorithm is proposed, and the model-checking problem is simplified to fuzzy matrix operations. Finally, a specific example and a case study are analyzed and verified. Compared with the classical μ-calculus, the generalized possibilistic μ-calculus has a stronger expressive power and can better characterize the attributes of nondeterministic systems. The model-checking algorithm can give the possibility that the system satisfies the attributes. The research work provides a new idea and method for model checking nondeterministic systems.


Today's demand on high supply chain performance requires higher awareness about supply chain risks and uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of temporary storage in the tran ...


Since the continuous scaling down of the transistor channel length, extraordinary improvement is achieved in the switching speed. However, the rising leakage current degrades the power consumption seriously. In this regard, reducing supply voltage might be the most effective method. This requirement can be fulfilled well by tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs), because carriers transport via a band‐to‐band tunneling manner in the TFETs. Relying on the special transport mechanism, the TFETs often require band structure modulations and steep interfaces without trap state, which are challenging for bulk materials. Therefore, these challenges have boosted TFET designs based on low‐dimensional materials ranging from Si/Ge nanowires to state‐of‐art van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the key concepts of the currently developed TFETs are studied from the aspects of structure, material, transportation characteristic, and mechanism. According to the heterojunction bonding types, they can be divided into lateral and vertical TFETs in general. Furthermore, other related transistors based on tunneling are also included. Emerging problems and promotion methods toward these TFETs are introduced with the assistance of simulations. The main goal is to introduce the frontiers of TFET explorations and provide readers with a perspective on how to realize TFET applications in the future.


Panicum L. subg. Panicum includes around 100 predominantly tropical species. Of these species, approximately 50 are American, which occur from Canada to Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. In Brazil, this subgenus is represented by 30 species. Three of these species (P. complanatum Guglieri, Longhi-Wagner & Zuloaga, P. mystasipum Zuloaga & Morrone e P. olyroides Kunth)  have not been placed in a defined section and the remaining species are included in sections Dichotomiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Honda, Panicum, Rudgeana (Hitchc.) Zuloaga, Urvilleana (Hitchc. & Chase) Pilger, and Virgata Hitchc. & Chase ex Pilg. The aim of this paper is to provide means for the identification of the Brazilian species of Panicum sect. Rudgeana, P. sect. Urvilleana, and the unplaced species of P. subg. Panicum, which will contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian flora and provide data for other areas of research. We performed a literature review, analyzed specimens in national and foreign herbaria, collected and observed plants in the field, as well as studied the surface of the second anthecium using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Panicum sect. Rudgeana includes five neotropical species, all occuring in Brazil, in cerrado and campo rupestre. Panicum sect. Urvilleana  includes three neotropical species, of which only one occurs in Brazil on coastal dunes. Panicum complanatum and P. mystasipum are restricted to  the midwestern and southeastern regions of Brazil, respectively, while P. olyroides spreads to "campo" regions of  southern Brazil. Keys to the species of both sections are given, as well as morphological descriptions, illustrations, and scanning electron images of the upper anthecium surface.


McNulty's argument is both simple and compelling. He claims that the ULT was intended as a means of promoting 'fluidic processes of definition, resistance and invention' within the project of cultural nationalism (p. 7). Chapters one to six outline the ULT's identification as both a northern and a nationalist organization – an argument which is supported by the self-conscious connection between the Henry Joy McCracken Literary Society and the United Irishmen, as well as the original incarnation of the ULT as the 'Ulster Branch of the Irish Literary Theatre'. The overview is soundly researched and competently written. It is not until the final four chapters, however, that McNulty comes into his own with his sophisticated and persuasive analysis of the oeuvre of ULT playwright Gerald MacNamara. The lack of critical attention which MacNamara's work has received to date is partly due to issues surrounding documentation and access; it was not until the late 1980s that his (surviving) plays were methodically collected and published. Nevertheless, McNulty successfully reclaims this writer as a 'proto-postnationalist' and a forerunner of modernist and post-nationalist writers such as Joyce, O'Brien and Beckett (p. 149). His reading of the playwright's use of parody as both a counterand a co-response to cultural nationalism demonstrates the ULT's potential to reveal the 'silences and gaps' in the ruralist construction of Irish identity performed at the Abbey (p. 141). In so highlighting the tensions between the regional and national, McNulty taps into current concerns about recognizing 'national identities' as plural and fluid.


In the present study, a numerical model of the hydrodynamic and thermal structure of artificial shallow lakes in eastern India has been developed as a tool to assess the ecological water quality, driven by the meteorological forcings. It allows quantification of the vertical mixing processes that govern not only the thermal structure but also nutrient exchanges and the distribution of dissolved and particulate matter among water layers. Vertical temperature profiles were calculated by solving coupled partial differential equations for temperature (heat energy balance equation), one-dimensional momentum equation and a second order closure scheme for small-scale turbulence effects, i.e. turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rates numerically using an implicit time integration method. The effect of advection due to the inflow and outflow is not taken into consideration as these shallow waterbodies are assumed to behave as a closed lake. The oxygen level measured at different layers during the simulation period in these waterbodies reflects hypolimnetic oxygen depletion due to the thermal stratification in the aquatic environment. The changes in the stratification regime in these waterbodies are expected to affect the water quality and the health of the ecosystem, primarily based on temperature and dissolved oxygen parameter and in particular, the certain features of the oxygen resources of the hypolimnion.


The Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) can solve some practical application problems of the traditional paper technical manuals on storing difficulty and resource sharing inefficiency well. The S1000D specification is an international specification of development IETM. In the paper the S1000D specification is introduced briefly. Then the meanings of Data Module (DM) and Common Source Database (CSDB) which are the core concepts of the S1000D specification are analyzed. At last, the development process of IETM based on S1000D specification is given.


My aim in this paper is to think through a number of issues concerning the relationship between postfeminist/neoliberal brand culture, celebrity femininity and commodified authenticity. Using the case study of British glamour model and media mogul Katie Price, I suggest that the affective and commercial appeal of postfeminist celebrity culture depends on the commodification and gendering of authenticity whereby the currency of "realness" in the current media economy is harnessed to neoliberal and postfeminist expressions of (self-)branding, entrepreneurship and feminine agency. I argue that the "Katie Price" brand makes use of a series of authenticating strategies to involve consumers in the construction and assessment of postfeminist celebrity subjectivity. In particular, I focus on three tropes that occur in conjunction with this type of authenticity in consumption: personal narrativization, class groundedness, and entrepreneurial/plastic femininity.


: With urbanization, population is at it hike and current status in the construction industry is to develop large scale affordable housing for the necessity of urban India. The construction industry is the primary energy-consuming industry and even emits many greenhouse gasses. It drains around 38% of the total energy globally, not including water and other essential resources. All of this is contributing to global warming and environmental misbalance. While catering such high housing stock we have to consider its impact on environment first. It is extremely important to think about environment before us. The trends in construction industry has highlighted the green building features and need for affordable building and thus unifying both to form green affordable building module which will be the best option for E.W.S and L.I.G category. But these benefits are not visible be consumer and even people from industry and thus this research tries to investigate to investigate the awareness about green building and the new concept of affordable green building and challenges faced in its implementation and major barrier in its way.


By monitoring saline groundwater discharge areas, an indication of the extent of dryland salinisation processes occurring in an area may be determined. Processed remotely sensed data (SPOT MS and aerial photography) has been analysed within a geographic information system database to identify the dynamic relationship between changing vegetation cover and increasing salt levels on a saline groundwater discharge area. Temporal analysis of this database was conducted for a saline discharge area on a wheat/sheep property in South Australia from the period 1966 to 1990. The results provide a directional and quantitative assessment of the change in salt affected areas during the study period. Information of this type benefits land managers at the regional scale by quantifying salinisation trends.


Traditional due diligence efforts are no longer sufficient in the {open_quotes}urge to merge{close_quotes} business atmosphere engulfing today`s oil industry. Both buyers and sellers of terminals must identify and allocate major risks and liabilities to facilitate longterm business objectives. The effort has evolved into a process of managing risks throughout the transaction, not a singular event. Even as the importance of managing environmental health and safety (EHS) risks has become apparent, companies continue to make expensive mistakes. We have seen companies conduct brilliant Phase 1 and 2 studies and then ignore that work during negotiations. Executives are often allowed to negotiate a deal from a position of nearly total ignorance about carefully researched environmental concerns. In one deal, we saw a senior negotiator with a poor understanding of EHS issues inadvertently give away tens of million of dollars. The perils do not end when the deal closes. Many companies negotiate effective indemnity provisions only to ignore them after closing-when millions of dollars are at stake-simply because they have no procedure for post-closing tracking and enforcement. Due diligence has become standard practice for a variety of transactions and has broadened to include the entire process of managing risks in the transaction.


This study examines when a firm's members are most likely to promote and defend its reputation. Building on past research in impression management theory and the upper-echelons perspective, I argue that firms facing increased visibility among different stakeholder groups will increase corporate reputation management activities towards those groups and decrease activities towards other groups. I further argue that top management group characteristics will moderate these relationships, suggesting that certain top management groups are more attuned to the situational needs of reputation management. A set of hypotheses are tested using pooled cross-sectional time-series data on a set of "Fortune 500" companies. Results indicate that firms generally directed reputation management activities towards their more visible stakeholders. However, the type and extent of reputation management behaviour varied. Specifically, for firms whose top management groups were more highly educated or output oriented, highly visible situations with the media were more likely to be associated with a higher use of press releases. Moreover, those same firms devoted more resources to mass media advertising under situations of high consumer visibility compared to firms whose top management groups were less educated or throughput oriented. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006.


In the presence of fast particle populations marginally stable global modes in the shear Alfven branch can be destabilized by wave particle resonances. This is particularly of concern in future large devices, where losses of resonant particles ({alpha}-particles in a reactor) may then limit the available heating power and also may cause damage of the first wall. In tokamaks TAE modes inside toroidicity induced gaps of the shear Alfven continua have been found. In stellarators with very weak shear like W7-AS low-n TAE-gaps do not occur but gaps below the shear Alfven continua with mode numbers m and n, if the resonant values {tau} = n/m do not exist in the plasma volume (k{sub {parallel}} = (m{sm_bullet}{tau} - n )/R {ne} 0 ). Under these conditions GAE modes with frequencies {omega}{sub GAE} < (k{sub {parallel}}{sm_bullet}V{sub A}){sub min} are the favoured modes. The investigation of GAE modes could also be of relevance in the case of advanced tokamak equilibria with flat or inverted q-profiles in the central region.


BACKGROUND: Teat lacerations are serious injuries that endanger the survival of a cow within the herd. In excessive lacerations, the wound should be left to heal by second intention healing process. However, tissue contraction during healing can change the alignment of the teat, creating problems for machine milking. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the transplantation of the full-thickness free skin graft in excessive teat lacerations. METHODS: Four healthy, non- pregnant, mixed Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with normal teats were used in the study. Under local anesthesia, a rectangular full thickness excision (2 Cm×2 Cm) was made on the lateral surface of the proximal part of the right and left fore teats of each cow, and simultaneously a rectangular full-thickness free skin graft (1.5 Cm×1.5 Cm) was harvested from the inner surface of the left pinna. The graft was then meshed and transplanted to the left teat defect. During a three-week study, the wound healing was evaluated clinically and at the end of the study, histopathologic samples (H &E staining) were taken from both wounds. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrated that in non- grafted wounds, severe wound contraction caused a deformity in normal anatomical structure of the teats. However, in grafted wounds successful graft take was recorded in all wounds, and the teats restored their functional and anatomical structure with satisfactory cosmetic appearance. CONCLUSIONS:According to the result of present study, it can be concluded that using full- thickness free mesh skin graft can be considered a suitable method for treatment of excessive teat lacerations.


ABSTRACT Whether men and women are equally violent in their intimate relationships has animated considerable debate in the scholarly literature, and increasingly, in policy and law reform processes. This debate about the gendered nature of domestic violence (DV) has re-intensified over the past decade with police data from various countries documenting an increase in women identified as DV offenders. While there has been considerable research exploring the increase in women DV offenders overseas (particularly in the USA) there has been little research in Australia. This article seeks to fill some of these gaps. It reports on a NSW study which explored differences between women and men identified as 'persons of interest' in an incident reported to police in 2010, and then over time (2006–2012) to see whether that person was the predominant victim or offender. This article focuses on cases in which the police intended to take legal action arising from the 2010 incident; this is important, as one would anticipate greater similarity between men's and women's use of violence in cases warranting the attention of the law. The article highlights the limitations of an incident focus when examining a patterned form of behaviour such as DV.


OBJECTIVE
Because it is difficult to estimate the extent and degree of damage to the blood vessels of extremities sustaining high tension electrical injuries, arteriography was carried out to evaluate the vascular changes.

METHODS
Selective arteriography was carried out 29 times for 26 extremities in 17 patients suffering from > 380 V electrical injuries.

RESULTS
The arteriography showed that the injured arteries were narrowed and occluded, and vascular branches decreased or disappeared. Recanalization of the partially occluded arteries or collateral circulation formation was found after decompression.

CONCLUSION
Arteriography is valuable to evaluate the vascular changes in high tension electrical injuries of extremities.


A loom opening device has a plurality of heald frames, a plurality of transferring parts, a first heald pedal rod and a second heald pedal rod. The odd number group of transferring parts in the plurality of transferring parts are connected with the odd number group of heald frames in the plurality of heald frames one-to-one. The even number group of transferring parts in the plurality of transferring parts are connected with the even number group of heald frames in the plurality of heald frames one-to-one. The odd number group of heald frames reciprocate by means of the reciprocating rotation of the first heald pedal rod. The even number group of heald frames reciprocate by means of the reciprocating rotation of the second heald pedal rod. The distance from the rotation central axis of the first heald pedal rod to the connection position of the odd number group of transferring parts and the first heald pedal rod and the distance from the rotation central axis of the second heald pedal rod to the connection position of the even number group of transferring parts and the second heald pedal rod are arranged to make the warp yarn opening offset between the odd number group of heald frames and the even number group of heald frames same.


We present the results of liver resection surgery for hepatocarcinoma (HCC), comparing morbidity, mortality, and survival data based on the type of surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopic) and the type of liver resection (anatomical vs. limited).

 Descriptive, prospective, and comparative study of 49 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC during the period 2013-2018 in our centre.

 16 laparoscopic resections were performed (32.7%) compared to 33 open surgeries (67.3%). Morbidity and mortality results according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (I 38 (77.6%); II 9 (18.4%), III 1 (2%), IV 1 (2%).
 Among the risk factors, the relationship between the preoperative Apri Index and the observed survival has been studied in our population, without observing statistically significant differences (p = 0.915).
 No statistically significant differences have been found between the laparoscopic versus the open approach (p = 0.78) or in anatomical surgery versus limited resections (p = 0.26) in terms of time to tumor recurrence.
 In our series, no significant differences in survival were found depending on the type of surgery (open vs laparoscopic, p = 0.57).

 In our study, we have not been able to demonstrate the greater oncological safety of performing limited versus anatomic resections. The results of the laparoscopic approach are comparable, in terms of overall survival and time to recurrence, to the results of open surgery.


Merging is considered a complex maneuver to perform safely due to the high attention required by the driver, and the external variables that make up an unstructured environment. In spite of the great amount of ADAS technologies that are being developed, at present there are few systems that help to carry out this maneuver. However, thanks to the use of V2V inter-vehicular communications to propose a driver assistance system is possible, facilitating this maneuver on highways. Since a situation of merging requires a high cognitive load, in this study some variables to propose the design of an HMI interface that helps the driver to perform the maneuver securely, are evaluated. Through eye tracking system, driving tests will be carried out on a real vehicle, where several merging maneuvers will be performed on highways.


Chapter 1 Introduction Part 2 I. The Formation of a Professional Network Chapter 3 1. Sculptors and Public Sculpture before 1893 Chapter 4 2. The National Sculpture Society, Artistic Alliances, and the Search for a City Beautiful Part 5 II. New York Civic Sculpture in Context Chapter 6 3. The Public Sculpture Process Chapter 7 4. A Quick Start: The Appellate Courthouse Chapter 8 5. An Art of Conquest: The Dewey Arch Chapter 9 6. Professionals and the Federal Government: The United States Customs House Chapter 10 7. Sculptors and Tammany Hall: The New York City Hall of Records Chapter 11 8. Cultural Institutions and the Art of Negotiation: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and the New York Public Library Chapter 12 9. Maine Memorial and Pulitzer Fountain: Site, Patronage, and Process Part 13 III. Ideologies, Interpretations, and Responses Chapter 14 10. The Myths of Civic Sculpture Chapter 15 11. Monumental Challenges to the Civic Ideal Chapter 16 12. The Rise and Demise of Civic Virtue Chapter 17 13. A Loss of Memory: The New York City World War I Memorial Chapter 18 14. The Decline of Civic Sculpture


Tuberculosis remains one of the infections with high mortality rate. Multifocal tuberculosis usually affects immune compromised patients such as Human Immunodeficiency virus carriers. However, patients with no underlying immunodeficiency may still present an extensive and atypical form of tuberculosis. We hereby report the case of a 16-year-old female patient presenting persistent and multiple cutaneous lesions associated with fatigue and loss of appetite which led to the diagnosis of disseminated, multifocal tuberculosis with neurological, musculoskeletal, genital, pulmonary, peritoneal and lymph nodes involvement. Screening for potential underlying immunodeficiency yielded no results. Clinical and radiological outcome was favorable on anti-tuberculosis drugs with complete regression of identified lesions. This case serves as a reminder that tuberculosis remains Case Study Hariz et al.; IJMPCR, 13(1): 1-6, 2020; Article no.IJMPCR.52247 2 a challenging diagnosis that encompasses a variety of clinical presentation ranging from cutaneous abscesses to life-threatening conditions such as cerebral tuberculomas even in immune competent patient.


In January 1904, two months after being awarded the Nobel Prize, Pierre Curie wrote to his collaborator Georges Gouy: "you have seen this sudden excitement about radium. We enjoyed the advantage of some popularity (...) perhaps this noise is not going to be useless, and it helps me to get a professorship and a laboratory".1 Despite its ironical tone, this passage reveals something about the intricate relationship between research and its public representation. It is not unreasonable to think that public interest, aroused by radioactivity's potential medical and industrial applications and by its supposed opposition to traditional conceptions of matter could have played an important role in the extension of this science. However, the historiography of radioactivity has traditionally ignored the public dimension of this science, and yet there is not a global narrative about the history of its public image. Herein it is intended to examine this quite unexplored dimension of the early history of radioactivity, considering that the appropriation of radioactivity research in Spain was intimately related with hegemonic public and scientific discourses.2 By exploring public image of radioactivity in the press and popular science books, and following research careers of main representatives of this science in Spain, it is suggested that these discourses no only determined the establishment of research lines, but also shaped the character of radioactivity research in Spain.


Public concerns about agriculture impacts on water quality and the likelihood of further regulation have been increasing. The uninformed public and many in regulatory government agencies see reducing fertilization rates as an effective way of reducing nutrient loss from fields and improving water quality, especially when animal manure is applied. Reducing nutrient application rates across all conditions is not a good management decision, however, because it may reduce producers' economic returns to crop production and may not necessarily reduce nutrient loss from fields significantly. The nutrient management concepts most relevant to increase the efficacy of crop production while maintaining or reducing water quality impairment are different for nutrients of high mobility in soils such as N (mainly the nitrate form) and the less mobile ones (such as P). Eutrophication of Iowa streams and lakes as well as waters of the Gulf of Mexico due to nutrient-induced excess algae growth is a real or perceived problem. Therefore, producers and crop advisors should know fundamental concepts of soil testing use and P application practices and their relationships to both crop yield and water quality. They must understand that there is no single best way for interpreting soil-test values and deciding nutrient application rates. Agencies in charge of nutrient management regulations also should understand the importance of flexible regulations because there is no single and best set of best nutrient management practices for any nutrient.


The scene feature value is computed from a scene of an R image of an endoscope image. Judgment analysis is performed using a statistical or nonstatistical discriminator, with the scene feature value used as a feature value vector. The scene feature values are classified into feature value classes such as a lumen dark region and plicae closely relating to the direction of the endoscope insertion. An essential feature value class is computed, and the insertion direction corresponding to the feature value is computed. Thus, a high-accuracy insertion direction marker is displayed. Therefore, an endoscope insertion direction detecting device and method capable of detecting the insertion direction with high accuracy even in the case of a scene in which a plurality of feature values are present are realized.


Nowadays, three methods which target the evaluation of the characteristics of ecotoxicology tests according to aquatic trophic level are well-known, approved methods. In Turkey, the toxicity dilution factor (TDF) method, approved by Turkish Water Pollution and Control Regulation, and Lebistes reticulatus the actual method name that utilizes this animal which is a high level consumer, are used in the assessment of acute toxicity levels of waste waters with different compositions. However; it is not preferred by researchers except statutory obligations due to its disadvantages in implementation. The other method Daphnia magna, which belongs to secondary trophic group, is also widely used. Vibrio fischeri which is based on bioluminescent bacteria is mostly preferred due to ability of giving fast and precise results in acute toxicity assessment tests. In this study, specific to Turkey, it is aimed to compare issues such as experimental process, time, cost, efficiency, repeatability, etc. of tests that take place in the related legislation and standards. In light of all this information, it is determined the insufficient parts about legal regulations related to toxicity in Turkey. It can be suggested that bioluminescence bacteria (V. fischeri), defined all around the world recently with its precision, optimal cost, repeatability features be used in Legal Regulations of Turkey. It is aimed to contribute to scientific literature, this study being the first on suggesting an innovative approach about acute toxicity test in Turkey.


Museums and public spaces have an intrinsic mission to serve public interest and education through effective, interactive and accessible programming.
Museums and similar public spaces may be defined as places that uniquely contribute to the public by collecting, preserving, and interpreting the tangible objects, documents, happenings and experiences that shape our society. One museum may differ from another as to whether its focus or purpose is essentially educational or aesthetic. However, all museums have the distinctive ability to serve public awareness and education in an interactive and engaging manner. As public spaces, they offer people of all ages access to a nation's culture and heritage.


In India, the electricity systems are chronically constrained by shortage of both capital and energy resources. These result in rationing and interruptions of supply with a severely disrupted electricity usage pattern. From this background, we try to analyse the demand patterns with and without resource constraints. Accordingly, it is necessary to model appropriately the dynamic nature of electricity demand, which cannot be captured by methods like annual load duration curves. Therefore, we use the concept - Representative Load Curves (RLCs) - to model the temporal and structural variations in demand. As a case study, the electricity system of the state of Karnataka in India is used. Four years demand data, two unconstrained and two constrained, are used and RLCs are developed using multiple discriminant analysis. It is found that these RLCs adequately model the variations in demand and bring out distinctions between unconstrained and constrained demand patterns. The demand analysis attempted here helped to study the differences in demand patterns with and without constraints, and the success of rationing measures in reducing demand levels as well as greatly disrupting the electricity usage patterns. Multifactor ANOVA analyses are performed to find out the statistical significance of the ability of logically obtained factors in explaining overall variations in demand. The results showed that the factors that are taken into consideration accounted for maximum variations in demand at very high significance levels.


In many real time applications, detection of moving objects is necessary. But while post processing, the computational complexity has to be minimum. This work has hardware based moving object detection using background subtraction method for soft real time application is proposed. It aims in performing the automatic detection of moving objects using FPGA hardware with very high performance as well as low cost. With the help of a background reference image, the moving object can easily be detected using background subtraction method. A reliable background updating model is established based on the available data. This gives an accurate and efficient detection of moving objects. Also Sobel's edge detection algorithm is performed to trace the outline shape of the detected moving object. It is implemented using MATLAB tool and Xilinx ISE in Spartan 3 FPGA kit. RS 232 serial port cable is used for establishing the connection between hardware and PC. Visual basics software is used to view the output in PC.


This paper described a case of drug induced colitis with maxillary sinus cancer in the follow-up period.A 45-year-old male with left maxillary sinus cancer (T4N0M0) was treated by surgical interventions (extirpation of metastatic lymph nodes; radical neck dissection), cryotherapy, radiation therapy with and without 5-FU administration from superficial temporal artery, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy (Cisplatin, Peplomycin and Vincristine). Furthermore, oral administration of UFT and intradermal injection of OK-432 were also carried out.He complained of fever and severe diarrhea in the follow-up period after the above treatments and was diagnosed as drug-induced colitis. OK-432 was suspected to be a causative of the drug induced colitis by lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and tar stool appeared after accidental readministration of the ctrug.


In this letter, the dependence of the specular multipath components (SMC) and dense multipath components (DMC) to the interuser spatial correlation and sum-rate capacity of a massive multiuser multiple-input--multiple-output (MU-MIMO) setup is evaluated from measurements conducted inside an underground subway wagon at the 25–40 GHz candidate frequency bands for 5G systems. The radio channel consists in a 7 × 7 uniform rectangular array (URA) acting as access point for eight users uniformly distributed in the wagon. The DMC power ratio is observed to be distance- and frequency-dependent as the SMC and DMC exhibit different propagation mechanisms. Remarkably, it is reported that the interuser spatial correlation computed with DMC offers the best favorable propagation for a massive MIMO setup, whereas SMC contribute to the users correlation. Hence, correlation is found to be strongly dependent on the DMC ratio frequency characteristics. In addition, better interuser correlation and sum-rate capacity values are obtained as the frequency is increased. These results highlight the need to include DMC in 5G massive MIMO channel models and emulators to improve their accuracy at the system level.


It is vital that we think about the "management" of technology--but management is not where things get done. Rather, allowing our engineers and scientists to accomplish the job is what lies at the root of our success. Just as thousands of Egyptian laborers--and not their pharaohsbuilt the pyramids, so do the bench technologists build whatever there is for us to "manage." Conversely, failure results from holding these people back. When I joined my dad's company in 1940, its sales were about $10 million. During my 50 years in the harness, it grew at 15 percent annually to become a $10 billion company when I gave up the chief's office in 1990. (I didn't grow it--it was those Egyptians who were allowed to grow it.) At that time, it was presumed that we would continue to grow at 15 percent annually from 1990 to 1995, which we have, and that by the end of the century we would be at $30 billion. Given our remarkable technology base, I would expect us to continue growing at 15 percent and reach $100 billion by 2005. And if we reach $100 billion, why not $200 billion by 2010, then $400 billion, and eventually $10 trillion? This is how we think in our company. The basis for it is that we expect nature, explored by scientists, to give us the solutions from which we can extrapolate particulars that will create new industries. This is what renewal means to Motorola: the creation of new industries. The Meaning of Renewal In our estimation, there is no mature technology, because there will always be something in science that will produce discontinuities of one kind or another. For instance, I saw all of the dozen or so companies that my father looked up to in the 1940s fade from the scene. And I predict that most of the competitors we have today will very likely not exist in the year 2050. We'll have a lot of competitors but they will all be new players! This will occur because surprises determine what happens in hightechnology businesses. Inventions that nobody thought of--the transistor, computer, satellite, etc.--came about because there were new people who adapted them, and there were a few old-timers like ourselves who believed in renewal. Renewal is a great word. It is the driving thrust of our corporation. It comes trippingly off the tongues of our people. Renewal is a more important word than change, because if you only change it means that you have something from which to change to. Of course, renewal involves incremental changes (30, 50, 100 percent) but we believe that its most profound meaning is to found anew--to create something that was never thought of before. To that end, our most pressing objective in terms of renewal is to create new industries. An example of this is our Iridium low-orbit communications satellite technology. It originated with two of our people in Phoenix. They presented the idea to management and we said, "why not?" So they put the concept together for about $4 billion. But they created a market, a new industry. Motorola established the Iridium Corporation and attracted investors from all over the world. We now own 15 percent of Iridium, but it buys all of its infrastructure and most of its subscriber radios from us. That is how you create step functions in technology businesses- you go out and create the customers. It is not just developing a product. Training To Anticipate How will we do this in the future? Here is a guess. I don't know whether it will succeed or not, because it's a pretty heretical idea. But I happen to think it is the only way that a large corporation is going to be able to operate successfully. The idea is to create a process called the Anticipation Registry, accompanied by an upside-down authorization of resources. …


Today, the integration of internet of things in different daily life field, like smart cities, environmental surveillance, health care, precision agriculture and traffic monitoring, etc, is in high increase. Consequently, the need of developing a middleware that plays a role of an intermediate software layer between the sensor hardware and the sensor network applications, and solves issues concerning each connected objects, such as different format of data and the heterogeneity at the network interface level as well as at the operating system. Most of these solutions are proprietary, monopolized by many companies and developed in a vertical way, so it prevents developers from reusing already developed modules. This paper study the existing middleware approaches and describes our proposed solution architecture which tries to deal with the issues cited previously then we conclude with future work following the same research directions.


Introduction. Grief and bereavement include cognitive, affective and physical dimensions. Pre- and post-grief manifest at different times of coping with loss and bereavement. Contextualisation of information behaviour studies and comprehension of contextual components e.g. temporal and spatial factors, progression and phenomenal contexts of grief is essential for information interventions. Although agreement on the meaning of context might continue to escape information behaviour researchers, widely cited interpretations of context might be used to analyse a selective body of literature to direct grief and bereavement information behaviour studies. Method. Interpretations of context and situation by Savolainen (temporal and spatial factors), Fourie (multiplicity) and Dunne (person-in-progressive-situation) are, selectively applied to a thematic content analysis of papers on grief and bereavement. Phenomenal context is analysed in more detail. Analysis. A thematic content analysis matrix was developed. Results. The analysis revealed a minimum of ten contextual components to consider in information behaviour studies of grief and bereavement. Conclusion. Information behaviour studies on grief and bereavement should acknowledge the diversity of contexts and contextual components that impact on information needs, unique requirements for information such as memorabilia, information processing and sharing of information.


HYDROTHERMALALTERATION INTHE GEOTHERMALFIELD, KYUSHU,JAPAN Masahiko Yagi Kunio Kai JAPEX Research Center, Hamada, Chiba 260 Japan Petrographical and geochemical studies on cores and cuttings from the Fushime geothermal wells were carried out using microscopy, XRD, XRF, and EPMA. The petrographical studies revealed that the alteration mineral assemblage in the geothermal reservoirs is characterized by the occurrence of K-feldspar and sericite. This assemblage is subdivided into three mineral zones: a K-feldsparquartz assemblage, a sericite-quartz assemblage, 3 ) an albite-chlorite assemblage. The geochemical study shows that potassium and rubidium are enriched in the K-feldspar-quartz assemblage zone. The authigenic K-feldspar observed with EPMA indicates that precipitation of K-feldspar and sericite contributed to enrichment of the alkali elements. In comparison with the temperaturerecovery survey, the alkali-enriched zone corresponds to a hydrothermal discharge.


Background: Joint pain is common among elders in the community. Some of alternative pain management are applying red ginger compress and warm compresses therapy. Objective: This study aim was to determine the differences in the effectiveness of red ginger compress and warm compress therapy to reduce joint pain. Method: This study used Quasi-experimental with two group pre-posttest designs. The 20 elders with joint pain that fits the inclusion criteria from a Public Health Center in Malang was used as sample population. The simple random sampling was used to divide sample into 2 groups, intervention groups/red ginger compress therapy group (n= 10) and control group/warm compress group (n= 10). Data were analyzed using independent t-test. Result: The results showed that the two group indicate there were a decline of pain scale before and after intervention which red ginger compress can occupied declination of pain scale from average 6.5 to 2.5. of Independent t-test between red ginger compress and warm compresses sig value 0.037 (p <0.05), indicate that there were a statistically significant different in effective reducing joint pain scale in elders. Conclusion: Red ginger has heat effect, anti-inflammatory and analgesic which can decrease joint paint more quickly than warm compress.


The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020. It aimed to observe the Arctic region's environmental parameters, considered to be the epicenter of the effects of climate change. On this occasion, a multi-GNSS antenna was deployed on the R/V Polarstern. This installation aims mainly at estimating tropospheric delays, a proxy for the determination of atmospheric water vapor content. The number of observations of this type in the marine - and moreover polar - domain remains extremely limited so far. This experiment is also a good opportunity to carry out a comparative study of the tropospheric delay solutions that can be provided by different geodetic processing software. The underlying idea is to evaluate the repeatability of the different products and the overall state-of-the-art accuracy. We propose here to process the GNSS data acquired during the polar campaign with several packages (namely Bernese GNSS Software, GINS, TRACK, and CSRS-PPP) and compare the results and their agreement level. The data are also validated from observations made on land by GNSS stations at Bremerhaven (Germany), Tromsø (Norway) & Ny Ålesund (Svalbard), the VLBI station of Ny Ålesund, and the ECMWF ERA5 numerical model.


The primary Sjögrens Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands, especially lacrimal and salivary glands. The onset of pSS is usually between 50 and 60 years of age, but it may also occur in younger patients, in which case may be associated with a worse progression of the disease and a worse prognosis.To describe the clinical and immunological profile of patients with primary SS, aiming to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of early-onset pSS patients (diagnosis before 35 years old)The data of 58 medical records were analysed retrospectively. Based on the disease onset age, the patients were divided into two groups those with the onset age of 35 years old or younger and those with the onset age of older than 35 years old. Data normality was verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The comparison between patients' profiles with the late and early diagnosis was done with Pearson's Chi-squared test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.55 patients were female (94,8%) and 3 were male (5,2%) and the average age on the last medical visit was 45,91±12,46 years old and the time between the diagnosis and the last appointment (follow up time) was 56,90±61,57 months. 14 patients had early-onset pSS and 44 had late-onset pSS. The mean diagnosis age in the early-onset group and the late-onset group. was 30,21±4,21 vs 50,91±9,73 years old (p<0.001) respectively and a mean follow-up time was of 41,40±50,27 vs 61,75±64,64 months respectively. There was no significant difference in demographic profile between the two studied groups, except for the age. There was no significant difference in cutaneous, joint, renal, and nervous system involvement. However there was a significantly higher frequency of xerophthalmia in the late-onset group (88.6% vs 64.3% p=0.036) and a significantly higher frequency of parotid enlargement in the early diagnosis group (42.9% vs 20.5% p=0.036) There was no significant difference in laboratory profiles between the two groups (anti-Ro, anti-La, ANA, rheumatoid factor, hypergammaglobulinemia and low complement).The profile clinical of early-onset pSS patients may be different to those with later onset, with a higher prevalence of parotid enlargement. This group of patients needs to be monitored to determine the risk of a worse prognosis.[1]ANQUETIL, C. et al. Is early-onset primary Sjögren's syndrome a worse prognosis form of the disease? Rheumatology (United Kingdom), v. 58, n. 7, p. 1163–1167, 2019.[2]YAYLA, M.E., KARAMAN, Z., TORGUTALP, M. et. al. Early onset primary Sjögren syndrome, clinical and laboratory characteristics. Clinical Rheumatology, v. 39, p. 2689-2696, 2020.None declared


Equatorial and low latitude ionospheric response of the 8th September 2017 severe G4-class geomagnetic storm is investigated using the total electron content (TEC) data from a longitudinal chain of global positioning system (GPS) receivers over Asian, African and American sectors. During the main phase, a positive storm effect is observed over Asian sector, a complete negative storm effect over African sector and both are observed over American sector. A sharp increase in peak TEC is observed over the complete longitudinal chain during the recovery phase. The results show the decisive contribution of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) and disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs), storm time disturbed meridional (equatorward) wind as well as the neutral compositional changes over equatorial and low latitudes in the observed ionospheric storm effects.


This thesis focuses on the use of non-Lambertian reflectance models for curved surface analysis. The contributions are: a) to show how specular and diffuse reflectance models can be used to recover surface normal estimates using shape-from-shading (SFS), b) to show how wave scattering theory can be used to estimate rough surface characteristics, and c) to present a method for surface normal smoothing that imposes consistency on principal curvature directions. One of the problems that hinders standard methods for SFS is the presence of local specularities which may be misidentified as high curvature surface features. To address this problem we develop a maximum a posteriori probability estimation method for estimating the mixing proportions for Lambertian and specular reflectance, and also, for recovering local surface normals. The framework for our study is provided by the iterated conditional modes algorithm. Once improved estimates of surface normal directions are obtained, we can also remove the specular highlights from the raw image using the reconstructed specular intensity image. It is also well known that the non-specular reflectance from both rough and shiny surfaces depart significantly from the predictions of Lambert's law. These effects are particularly marked at the occluding boundary where the surface is highly inclined to the viewer direction. Hence, Lambertian SFS methods can not be applied directly to the analysis of rough and shiny surfaces. In order to overcome this difficulty, we consider how to reconstruct the Lambertian component when the object is illuminated in the viewing direction. To do this we make use of the diffuse reflectance models described by Oren and Nayar, and by Wolff. Next, the thesis focuses on how reflectance models based on wave scattering theory and reported in the physics literature can be used for rough surface analysis. For dielectrics, the models investigated are derived from the Beckmann-Kirchhoff scatter theory, while for metals the starting point is the Davies scattering model. We show how these models can be used to estimate surface roughness parameters using simple reflectance


The protein-energy synchronized (PES) index-based rations can optimize microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and will affect enzyme activity and macronutrients digestibility of ration in rumen fluid. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effect of a ration based on PES index on macronutrient digestibility and enzyme activity in rumen fluid. The research was carried out experimentally which consisted of 4 treatment rations with different PES indexes (R1: 0.55; R2: 0.6; R3: 0.65; R4: 0.7). Each treatment was repeated 5 times, so there was a total of 24 experimental units. The material used was the rumen fluid of the Jawa Randu Goat which was taken at the Sokaraja Slaughterhouse shortly after the goat were slaughtered. The results showed that the PES index significantly affected (P<0,01) the digestibility of protein (A), fiber (B), and fat (C), as well as the activity of protease (D) and cellulase (E) enzymes. The orthogonal polynomial test showed that the PES index has a quadratic effect on all test parameters with the following equation: A (Y= -1229.5X2 + 1540.6X - 457.57; R2= 0.75), B (Y = -800.95X2 + 955.86X - 264.51; R² = 0.75), C (Y = 868.92X2 - 1038.2X + 325.1; R2 = 0.81), D (Y = -41.4X2 + 51.697X - 14.982; R² = 0.77), and E (Y = -4.8538X2 + 5.927X - 1.6241; R² = 0.84). The study concluded that the best macronutrient digestibility and enzyme activity were obtained in rations with a protein-energy synchronization index at the medium level (0.6-0.63).


The nasal breathing disorders is leading problem in otolaryngological practice. Despite the modern development of diagnostic methods of nasal breathing disorders and septum surgery, there are a number of patients who have violations of nasal breathing in the late period. The development of rhinomanometry methods and tomographic studies allow to improve the functional results of septoplasty. The aim of the study: Based on the data of anterior active rhinomanometry with a complex of functional samples, as well as data analysis of the anatomical correlation of the nasal cavity, to determine the main principles in planning and performing remodeling of the nasal septum, to evaluate their effectiveness. Materials and methods: In the results of a study of 64 patients who were previously questioned on the NOSE scale were examined in the article, they were examined rhinomanometrically (anterior active rhinomanometry in combination with functional samples) and an in-depth analysis of the correlation between the anatomical structures of the nasal cavity was carried out. Later, at the time of 2 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgical treatment, taking into account the survey data and the geometric analysis, they were re-examined. Results: In a primary rhinomanometric study, there are 38 (59.38%) patients with structural anatomical disorders accounted, 12 (18.75%) patients with edematous mucosal, 14 (21.88%) patients with a combination of structural and oedematous mucosal disorders accounted. A further study of rhinomanometric and anatomical correlation showed that, depending on the localization of the area of pathological nasal resistance, the front sections of the nasal cavity and the anterior nose valve region prevail making 37 (71.15%) people. Localization of pathological nasal resistance in the posterior sections of the nasal cavity 4 (7.69%), a combination of the anterior and posterior parts was noted in 11 (21.15%) people. At repeated examination at the time of 12 months, the number of unsatisfactory functional results was observed in 6.1% of cases. Conclusion: Anatomical correlation in the nasal cavity are key in ensuring normal aerodynamic processes in the nasal cavity. A comparative analysis of the indices of unsatisfactory functional results in terms of 12 months show, determined that after carrying out septoplasty, taking into account the rhinomanometry with functional tests in combination with the above analysis of the anatomical formations of the nasal cavity, this indicator is 6.1% and 8% if in the planning stage of surgery the results of these studies are not taken into account


Owing to its high carrier mobility, electrical conductivity, and thermal/chemical stability, graphene is an ideal candidate material for photodetection. However, the weak light absorption of graphene significantly limits its practical applications in photodetectors. Quantum dots, with strong light‐absorption capacity and well‐adjustable band gap, are widely hybridized with graphene to realize wide‐range and intense light absorption for effective photodetection. A detailed literature review on graphene/quantum dot heterostructure photodetectors is in urgent need to clearly point out the fundamentals, material synthesis methods, and performance engineering strategies. Here, first, the significance of graphene/quantum dot heterostructure photodetectors, from the mechanism to performance indicators, is systematically discussed. Second, different synthesis methodologies for the graphene/quantum dot heterostructure are overviewed. Additionally, the engineering strategies, including surface treatment, chemical doping, and size modification, to tune the photoelectric performance are critically commented. Finally, challenges and outlook for the development of graphene/quantum dot heterostructure photodetectors are pointed out.


menace. Cold statistics give us an idea of its extent, but they can never measure the full tragedy, the hurt to the families whose chil¬ dren have been struck down with this disease. It has been estimated that about 2 million peo¬ ple living in the United States today have al¬ ready had, or will develop, an attack of rheu¬ matic fever at some time during their lives. Of these, more than 500,000 will probably die because of the rheumatic process or some com¬ plication developing directly from it. Kheumatic fever most often strikes children between the ages of 5 and 15, and the resulting rheu¬ matic heart disease causes about 50 percent of all heart disease in this age group. I am told that in the 5to 19-year age group in this coun¬ try there is a current annual incidence of about 60,000 cases of rheumatic fever. About half of these are recurrences, and half first attacks. The total economic waste caused by rheu¬ matic fever in the general population cannot be


Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.


Aristeromycin has been converted in four stages into its 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-ara-analogue (4); compound (4) displayed potent anti-herpes activity both in vitro and in vivo.


Mixing assembly, comprising: - one Cuba (1), - means (11) for evacuating the inside of said Cuba, and - a device (14) suitable mixture to generate a zone of turbulence and comprising : - at least one rotor (2) intended to cooperate with motor means (4) in order to be arrastradoen rotation; and - annular (5) a ring surrounding the rotor (2) and having at least one axial orifice and a orificiosradiales (6) for the passage of the mixture; - one supply duct (7) of particles intended to be incorporated into the mixture, which flows into said annulus elinterior (5) in the rotor base / system annulus.


For the fabrication of a low-cost and transparent amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT), the possibility of using semiconducting and conducting, a-IGZO films as the channel and source/drain (S/D) electrode layers, respectively, was investigated, as was their effect on the device performance. Although the a-IGZO S/D electrodes' transistor performance was somewhat degraded, possibly due to the ex-situ integration process, acceptable TFT characteristics and transparency were obtained for the next-generation, transparent active matrix displays. The post-fabrication annealing ambient significantly affected the electrical properties of the a-IGZO S/D and channel layers, as the carrier concentration exhibited a close dependency on the amount of oxygen in the annealing ambient.


As a new thing of psychological treatment,Positive psychological treatment has developed for both relatively complete theory foundation and definite therapy treatment mode.Coming from the possibility of people's developing and ability,it explored the conflict and distressed from the angle of positive,assessed the psychological problem in cross-cultural view,opposed to traditional academic claims with the unique and novel healing thought.However,this psychotherapy pattern accorded with human's characteristics is not a new content.It deeply rooted in the traditional psychological therapy,especially humanistic psychotherapy.And it achieved transcendence in the target and method of treatment.


The paper reflects on the gender specific nature of private and public spheres as discussed in feminist discourses in European and American contexts. Its aim is to explore the potential of the concepts of public and private in analysing the issue of reconciliation of work and family, connected with women' presence in the public sphere, with the hierarchy between the public and private and with the gender power asymmetry. The public and private as analytical constructs are helpful in moving beyond the individual level and understanding the social-political structure and historical context. These categories characterize different value systems with a hierarchical relation connected with the construction of 'two genders' and gendered division of work. The paper also focuses on the concept of women's emancipation, its justification and understanding of equality, and concrete changes in women's life. Women's experience of their 'double existence' in the public and private life is thematized as a question of reconciliation of work and family with some period particularities. Differences in forming men's and women's identifies during modernity depending on their experience in the two different worlds are shown as relevant.


This paper examines the two extremes of hard and soft systems methodologies and discusses the merits of each approach. It then suggests how the better attributes of the two approaches can be realised with a third way combining the elements of both. The advent of more powerful computing technologies allows a more broadly based approach to decision processes than a strict algorithmic one. Areas of application to be discussed include yield management and financial management. Specific examples are discussed and computational implementation described.


INTRODUCTION The use of the simple theory of competitive industry behavior to explain common property resource misuse is certainly one of the richest applications of the theory yet attempted.With a minimum number of assumptions, it is possible to derive some particularly illuminating and useful hypotheses regarding several important aspects of industry behavior. For example, in the case of fisheries (or other self-regenerating open-access resources) theory indicates that entry of mobile variable factors (e.g., fishermen, fishing vessels) will proceed well beyond the numbers sufficient for efficient use of the fish stock. The reason, of course, is that no one in an open-access industry is able to exercise entrepreneurial control over the application of variable resources to the fixed resource. Under such circumstances, variable resources will be attracted until the values of average, and not marginal, products are equated to wage and interest rates. In a fishery, entry of men and vessels will proceed until all potential rents to the fish stock have been exhausted, leaving the industry and species in a sub-optimal "bioeconomic" equilibrium in which a sustainable harvest may be taken, but with a fish stock that is too low and amounts of capital and labor that are too high in terms of efficiency. These results on the characteristics of the common property equilibrium position have been supplemented by Vernon Smith [1968, 1969] to include some important hypotheses about the dynamics of common property resource overexploitation. As Smith demonstrates, the transi-


The time evolution of Mach-like structure (the splitting of the away side peak in di-hadron �� correlation) is presented in the framework of a dynamical partonic transport model. With the increasing of the lifetime of partonic matter, Mach-like structure can be produced and developed by strong parton cascade process. Not only the splitting parameter but also the number of associated hadrons (N assoc h ) increases with the lifetime of partonic matter and partonic interaction cross section. Both the explosion of N assoc h following the formation of Mach-like structure and the corresponding results of three-particle correlation support that a partonic Mach-like shock wave can be formed by strong parton cascade mechanism. Therefore, the studies about Mach-like structure may give us some critical information, such as the lifetime of partonic matter and hadronization time.


As the use of computer-based science simulations in educational environments grows, so too does the need for research on productive use of simulations. This paper presents ways to create effective assignments that accompany an interactive simulation in a variety of educational environments. A framework that supports the creation of assignments with simulations in any environment is provided, as well as a set of heuristics, or strategies, for how to create assignments based on the particular environment and simulation being used. Case studies of use in college and middle school science classes are provided to illustrate implementation of the heuristics, and how the heuristics can be used to promote productive use of a simulation.