A study of septarian concretions from late Cretaceous shale sequences of Texas and northern Mexico reveals complex burial-exhumation histories. First generation concretions and pre-fossilized moulds formed in silty clays before significant compaction occurred. Syneresis cracks developed and were filled by length slow fibrous calcite with a decrease in iron content toward the centre of each vein; in some cases this was succeeded by growth of equant or bladed calcite. Subsequent erosion of enclosing sediment caused collapse and break up of concretions, leaving fragments and some unbroken concretions exposed to encrustation and boring on the sea floor. These were subsequently buried and enclosed in a second generation of concretions, which also developed syneresis cracks. The calcite that filled these latter cracks was generally bladed (sometimes followed by equant calcite) and contains more iron toward the centre of the vein. Differences between the calcite filling first and second generation septarian veins indicates changing diagenetic regimes during burial in the marine environment, without a major shift in diagenetic conditions, such as the introduction of meteoric waters. These conclusions have significant implications to cementation in ancient limestones, which show textural and chemical sequences similar to those present in the septarian concretions described.


Abstract Notions of time hove always underpinned the understanding of ourselves and of the times in which we live, and this is no less true of Marcus Aurelius, the emperor-philosopher and of his contemporary, Theophilus of Antioch, the Christian Apologist Aurelius' Meditations and Theophilus treaty To Autolycus reflect their subjective experiences of time; both, in fact, bespeak the social anxiety generally felt in the Late Principate Marcus transcends the Roman historicist definition and interpretation of time, while Theophilus constructs a new legitimising historicism for Christianity. Both views are reactionary and seek after a greater (social) truth.


Sulfur‐containing alkynes, are important starting materials and intermediates in organic reactions. Some of sulfur‐containing alkynes display interesting bioactivities and are potentially applied as drugs. Various synthetic methodologies towards sulfur‐containing alkynes have been developed, including C(sp)–S coupling, thiolation, S‐alkynylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, etc. In this review, the approaches towards alkynyl sulfides in recent 3 years, as well as to form alkynyl trifluoromethyl sulfides and alkynylthiocyanates were highlighted. Firstly, the property and application of alkynes were introduced. After presenting the superiority of sulfur‐containing alkynes, their synthetic methods were classified and presented in details. According to different kinds of sulfur‐containing alkynes, synthetic methodologies for alkynyl sulfides, alkynyl trifluoromethyl sulfides and alkynylthiocyanates were summarized and the proposed reaction mechanisms were demonstrated if available.


Preparations of 5-ASA are the first line treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Today, in the market of drugs 5-ASA available for the treatment of UC, there are many dosage forms, varying in the coating, method of delivery of active substance and dosing regimens of the drug. The aim of this review is to compare these dosage forms by the main parameters: efficiency, safety and adherence to treatment.


Dr. Glasgow's updating of developments since my article was submitted is much appreciated. It may serve to stimulate further exploration of the possibility that aberrant ammonia metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome. This, after all, was my aim in proposing a"working" hypothesis.
 The points raised by Dr. Glasgow deserve serious attention. Certainly, once various defects which manifest clinically as Reye's syndrome are recognized,each may require a specific form of therapy.


Analytical expressions for the crosscovariance (time-of-flight velocimeter, LTV) and for the power spectrum (laser Doppler velocimeter, LDV) are presented based on the assumption of all apertures having a Gaussian transmission function. The objects are simulated at solid targets having lateral spatial correlation, i.e. giving rise to partially developed speckle. The case of fully developed speckle can thus be simulated by having zero correlation length. For both systems and either target the relative width of the crosscovariance (LTV) and power spectrum (LDV) is calculated analytically based on the entire optical system and expressed as a function of the number of modes in the detection system. It is shown that the LTV will give in general a lower variance for the velocity estimate but that spatial correlations of the target are most detrimental to the LTV system. Besides, the decorrelation effects for measurement on curved surfaces are considered and it is shown that both systems will suffer equally in the case of a multimode system but the LTV system will be superior to an LDV system in case of a single mode system. The basic difference between the performance of the two systems stems from the inherent difference in bandwidth.


The paradox of high genetic variation observed in traits under stabilizing selection is a longstanding problem in evolutionary theory, as mutation rates are 10-100 times too low to explain observed levels of standing genetic variation under classic models of mutation-selection balance. Here, we use individual-based simulations to explore the effect of various types of environmental heterogeneity on the maintenance of genetic variation (VA) for a quantitative trait under stabilizing selection. We find that VA is maximized at intermediate migration rates in spatially heterogeneous environments, and that the observed patterns are robust to changes in population size. Spatial environmental heterogeneity increased variation by as much as 10-fold over mutation-selection-balance alone, whereas pure temporal environmental heterogeneity increased variance by only 45% at max. Our results show that some combinations of spatial heterogeneity and migration can maintain considerably more variation than mutation-selection balance, potentially reconciling the discrepancy between theoretical predictions and empirical observations. However, given the narrow regions of parameter space required for this effect, this is unlikely to provide a general explanation for the maintenance of variation. Nonetheless, our results suggest that habitat fragmentation may affect the maintenance of VA and thereby reduce the adaptive capacity of populations.


The triazolidine derivatives were synthesized by green and sustainable chemistry approach. The response
surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters during the synthesis.
Reaction parameter which affect the yield of product were studied, which includes the temperature
and time of the reaction. Various statistical RSM with different central composite designs (CCD) such
as circumscribed (CCC), face-centered (CCF) and inscribed (CCI) were used to find the maximum
yield of the product (%) of reaction at the given parameters and selected, which gave the maximum
possible yield. The relationship between reaction parameters (temperature and time) and the yield of
product modeled using second-order response surface model. The optimum reaction parameters given
by CCI were 80.8 ºC reaction temperature and 15.03 min reaction time with yield of product is up to
94.57%. The adequacy and reliability of the predicted model was checked by ANOVA, R-square and
adjusted R-square and revealed the good agreement between predicted model and actual experimental
data. The study described here can be efficiently applied for the optimization of parameters in the
synthesis of any organic compound. The molecular docking was carried out by using AutoDock vina
1.2.0 on (CYP51) [PDBID: 1EA1] and (DprE1) [PDBID: 4FDO] for target anti-tuberculosis activity
while (FabH) [PDBID: 1HNJ] for target antimicrobial activity. There was better interaction within
receptor amino acids compound 3d and 3b with FabH and CYP51 enzyme, respectively for
anti-tuberculosis activity and compound 3d with DprE1 enzyme for antimicrobial activity observed
very good docking score among all compounds.


Increase of load and demand factor on power grids has made supply of electric power to rural areas as a big challenge. The idea of increasing the number of power plants could not be much efficient because it increases the emission of carbon and production cost. Hence use of renewable power sources seems to be much more efficient. The main motive of this proposed work is an efficient design of solar panel for constant Current-Voltage (V-I) characteristics of a Photovoltaic array of various environmental conditions like different irradiance and temperature. A proposed model uses constant environmental condition in combination with actual solar radiation and ambient temperature. The new design is developed on Mat lab-Simulink platform for calculating and analyzing the power output from a PV panel by taking the values of current and voltage with constantly varying solar radiation at any geographical location and different day The output power of solar panel is directly given to dc /dc controller in order to reduce circuit complexity. The estimation of MPP (maximum power point) of a Photovoltaic (PV) array is done by calculating the value of both ampere, voltage and power curves for changing environmental conditions.


The purpose of this study is to enhance the effect of dance skill learning, learning motivation, and physical activity class satisfaction. Moreover, the outcome of these quasi-experiments illustrate the effects of Facebook Live-stream teaching, co-regulated learning (CRL), and experience-based learning (ExBL) on improving students' learning performance. The experimental design in this study was a 2 (CRL vs. non-CRL) × 2 (ExBL vs. non-ExBL) factorial pretest/post-test design. Four classes of a course titled 'Physical Education: Dance' at university level were chosen for this study in one semester. According to the analysis of results, conclusions of this study are that students who receive ExBL have significantly higher physical activity class satisfaction than students who do not receive ExBL. In addition, in the case of ExBL teaching, the concurrent implementation of CRL can improve students' dance skill learning more than ExBL alone.


Abstract: The incorporation of tritium label into quinolinic acid (QUIN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and other kynurenine (KYN) pathway metabolites was studied in normal and QUIN‐lesioned rat striata after a focal injection of [5‐3H]KYN in vivo. The time course of metabolite accumulation was examined 15 min to 4 h after injection of [5‐3H]KYN, and the concentration dependence of KYN metabolism was studied in rats killed 2 h after injection of 1.5–1,500 µM [5‐3H]KYN. Labeled QUIN, KYNA, 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK), 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid, and xanthurenic acid (XA) were recovered from the striatum in every experiment. Following injection of 15 µM [5‐3H]KYN, a lesion‐induced increase in KYN metabolism was noted. Thus, the proportional recoveries of [3H]KYNA (5.0 vs. 1.8%), [3H]3‐HK (20.9 vs. 4.5%), [3H]XA (1.5 vs. 0.4%), and [3H]QUIN (3.6 vs. 0.6%) were markedly elevated in the lesioned striatum. Increases in KYN metabolism in lesioned tissue were evident at all time points and KYN concentrations used. Lesion‐induced increases of the activities of kynurenine‐3‐hydroxylase (3.6‐fold), kynureninase (7.6‐fold), kynurenine aminotransferase (1.8‐fold), and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase (4.2‐fold) likely contributed to the enhanced flux through the pathway in the lesioned striatum. These data provide evidence for the existence of a functional KYN pathway in the normal rat brain and for a substantial increase in flux after neuronal ablation. This method should be of value for in vivo studies of cerebral KYN pathway function and dysfunction.


Objective:To study the clinical restorative effects of the different dowel systems,and evaluate the function of parallel-sided post system compared to the tapered cast post and the pre-fabricated thread post.Method:[WTBZ]184 anterior teeth of 129 patients with crown defects were chosen and randomly divided into three groups,and were respectively restored with parapost system,tapered cast post,and pre-fabricated thread post.Results: The resnlts of five-year follow-up study showed that the parapost system gained higher successful rate of 97.75% with 2 cases failed,while tapered cast post achieved 87.72% and pre-fabricated thread post performed 85.11%.Conclusion: Because of the prior features,the parallelsided post system is a proper technique to deal with crown defects of the teeth, and it could develop satisfactory restorations.


A cell device (50) comprises a cell case (51) made of a sheet (10) for cell cases, a cell (50a) housed in the cell case (51), and tabs (59, 60) projecting from the cell case (51). The sheet (10) comprises a first base film layer (1a), a metal foil layer (2), and a thermally adhesive resin layer (3) formed in order of mention from the outside. The first base film layer (1a) is made of a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film or a biaxially oriented nylon film. The metal foil layer (2) is made of an aluminum or copper film. The thermally adhesive resin layer (3) is made of polyolefin resin, especially of acid-modified polyolefin resin.


As filter-feeding planktivores, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) have the potential to positively impact water quality through the filtration and ingestion of phytoplankton and the assimilation of nutrients. To evaluate the impact of young-of-theyear (YOY) and age-1+ menhaden on Chesapeake Bay, a eutrophic estuary, age-specific rates of ingestion of phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) and excretion of nitrogen (N) were measured and modeled in response to phytoplankton concentration. Age-1+ menhaden exhibited virtually no ingestion of phytoplankton, while ingestion rates of YOY menhaden increased (0.028-3.851 μg chlorophyll a fish min) in response to increasing phytoplankton concentration. The YOY response was best described by the sigmoidshaped type-III functional response model. Similarly, nitrogen excretion rates of age-1+ menhaden were relatively constant across phytoplankton concentrations, but for YOY menhaden, excretion rates increased (0.93-3.92 μg N fish min) as phytoplankton concentration increased. An asymptotic exponential model best described this response. By combining the YOY ingestion and excretion models, rates of net removal of nitrogen were modeled as a function of phytoplankton concentration, with values ranging from -1.73 to 131.58 μg N fish min.


Based on a priori estimates achieved by utilizing nonnegative matrices,and by using the fixed point index theory,the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a system of nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations with integral boundary conditions are satisfied.


The examination of the biodrying process was performed in a bioreactor with working volume 240 dm3. In the studies used the digested sludge from sewage treatment plants and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. During the biodrying process were determined: dry matter, organic dry matter, temperature of material and respiration activity. As a result of the process of drying the waste by 10 days the amount of moisture removed was 51.7%. The highest microbial activity was on day 4 of the process when the temperature has reached the maximum 58°C in the upper layer of the waste at the middle of the bioreactor.


High Output Management is a ' 'must read&dquo; for all school administrators. The author, president and co-founder of Intel Corporation, the Silicon Valley microprocessing pioneer, describes in plain English the management style that has transformed his company into a model for corporate management. Secondary school administrators will find, after reading this book, that effective management, whether in industry or in schools, is the product of a team


In this paper three supplementary Sub-synchronous damping controllers (SSDC) are proposed for damping out sub-synchronous torsional oscillations in power system with capacitor compensated transmission line. Capacitor compensation has widely been used as a very valuable way of escalating the power transfer capability and improving stability of power systems. Capacitor compensation in long transmission lines may grounds sub-synchronous resonance (SSR). The eigenvalue investigation tool is used to ascertain the subsistence of SSR. An addition of supplementary controller is able to stabilize all unstable modes for T-network model. Eigenvalue investigation and time domain simulation are considered to investigate the performance of the controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed supplementary controller is compared on the IEEE first benchmark model for computer simulations of SSR by means of eigenvalue investigation in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Three supplementary sub-synchronous damping controllers are considered in order to compare effectiveness of SSDC during higher loading in alleviating the small signal stability problem.


The purpose of this paper is to highlight a number of issues that impede sub-Saharan Africa's attempts to achieve a higher degree of industrialisation, with a focus on the role of institutional support systems in assisting firms. The paper contends that support systems and instruments can play a role in promoting industrialisation. Examples of support systems and instruments are given with a view to highlighting the role of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) in addressing issues pertaining to investment, small business development, environmental management, industrial energy efficiency and industrial governance. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This protozoan presents an attractive energy metabolism. The single branched mitochondria spanning the whole parasite body constitutes a protozoan weakness and a target for the development of new anti-T. cruzi drugs. Coumarins present a broad spectrum of biological activities, including the ability to affect the mitochondrial function of parasites such as Leishmania. Coumarin target would involve the inhibition of fumarate reductase, an essential enzyme in respiratory chain to the parasite. In this work, was studied the effect of 7-hydroxy coumarins on the mitochondrial function of T. cruzi epimastigotes and murine macrophages. 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives were assayed on cell viability (MTT) in murine macrophage and T. cruzi cultures (epimastigotes and trypomastigotes). From their IC50 values, 3B and 4B compounds demonstrated good trypanocidal activity; thus, being selected for further assays of parasite mitochondrial function. The reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial potential, cellular respiration and cell death type were determined. The results indicate that coumarins are capable of generating ROS in both cell types, finding a more significant effect on macrophages. On the other hand, coumarins decrease the membrane potential and cellular respiration, indicating that there is a harmful effect on the mitochondria, also, we observed apoptosis in both cellular systems. In conclusion, the coumarin structure is trypanocidal. Being able to affect to mitochondria through the formation of ROS. The increase of these oxygen species induces cell death by apoptosis in parasite and macrophages. On the other hand, the coumarin skeleton is a good starting point for design and development of a new series of potential antichagasic compounds.


Context. Stellar winds are an integral part of the underlying dynamo, the motor of stellar activity. The wind controls the star's angular momentum loss, which depends on the magnetic field geometry which, in turn, varies significantly in time and latitude.
Aims. Here we study basic properties of a self-consistent model that includes simple representations of both the global stellar dynamo in a spherical shell and the exterior in which the wind accelerates and becomes supersonic.
Methods. We numerically solved an axisymmetric mean-field model for the induction, momentum, and continuity equations using an isothermal equation of state. The model allows for the simultaneous generation of a mean magnetic field and the development of a Parker wind. The resulting flow is transonic at the critical point, which we arranged to be between the inner and outer radii of the model. The boundary conditions are assumed to be such that the magnetic field is antisymmetric about the equator, that is to say dipolar.
Results. At the solar rotation rate, the dynamo is oscillatory and of α2 type. In most of the domain, the magnetic field corresponds to that of a split monopole. The magnetic energy flux is largest between the stellar surface and the critical point. The angular momentum flux is highly variable in time and can reach negative values, especially at midlatitudes. At a rapid rotation of up to 50 times the solar value, most of the magnetic field is lost along the axis within the inner tangential cylinder of the model.
Conclusions. The model reveals unexpected features that are not generally anticipated from models that are designed to reproduce the solar wind: highly variable angular momentum fluxes even from just an α2 dynamo in the star. A major caveat of our isothermal models with a magnetic field produced by a dynamo is the difficulty to reach small enough plasma betas without the dynamo itself becoming unrealistically strong inside the star.


Abstract Recent field, laboratory, and theoretical studies suggest that under certain stress conditions, compaction of porous rock may be accommodated by narrow zones of localized compressive deformation oriented perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress. Triaxial compression experiments were performed on Castlegate sandstone, an analogue reservoir sandstone, that included acoustic emission detection and location. Initially, acoustic emissions were concentrated in horizontal bands that initiated at the sample ends (perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress) but, with continued loading, progressed axially towards the sample centre. High-resolution field-emission SEM was performed to elucidate the micromechanics of compaction. The microscopy revealed that compaction of this weakly cemented sandstone proceeded in two phases: an initial stage of porosity decrease accomplished by breakage of grain contacts and grain rotation, and a second stage of further porosity reduction accommodated by intense grain breakage and rotation. Quantitative stereological measurements corroborated the decrease in the intergrain spacing and the increase in grain boundary contacts that the microstructural observations suggest occurred during the first stage of compaction. The microstructural data show that a five-fold increase in the surface area per unit volume resulted from the extensive microfracturing that occurred during the second stage of compaction.


The keyword is one or a group of words used by websites to improve your visibility on search engines. The selection of keywords from the results displayed by Google's keyword planner still not match the expectations of the webmaster, so that needs to be determined the choice and order of priority keywords which will be optimized beforehand. Therefore, a system that supports webmasters in making decisions on choosing keywords that will be optimized previously for search engines is needed. The methods used in this research is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to find the weighting parameters and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) applied to find the final value and rank. The results showed that the system is running as expected, so it can be used as a basis in support of the decision of the webmaster in determining the priority of the optimization of keywords that will be worked out with the results of the comparison between the manual system with 100%.


The adult education class teacher is the organizer and manager in the teaching,is the bridge and link among the students,teachers and school.Class teacher's working performance is related to the quality of adult education.Fully and accurately grasping the information and the law of class teacher's work and giving full play to the role and functions of the class teachers to improve management level is significant for promoting the development of adult education.


With its increasingly affluent and urban population, China has continued to upgrade its education capabilities in both quality and availability, helping it quickly emerge as a global education powerhouse. In the last decade, China has seen numerous universities hitting new heights in the global rankings, while its secondary education has topped the international comparative Programme for International Student Assessment study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Tremendous changes have also taken place in the private education industry during this time, in terms of not only the quantity and scope, but also its quality. Private schools have begun to play a key role, with a greater effect on the national education system. Private education has seen an increased elaboration of its service capacity on many fronts, including bilingual and English language offerings, access to international opportunities, vocational training, and after-school tutoring and online education. Private education is succeeding by not only satisfying a rising demand that is unmet by the public providers, but also providing a new and innovative educational service unavailable in the public sector. In higher education, China is the world's largest market in terms of student numbers, followed by India and the United States. Total student numbers in higher education in China reached 37 million in 2016, with an enrollment rate of about 41%. While this figure is high compared with most developing countries, it still falls behind many developed nations. By 2018, China had more than 740 private colleges and universities, serving about 23% of the entire student population in higher education. The establishment of private institutions was encouraged after 1992, as the government gradually established a framework to govern public and private higher education. The Private Education Promotion Law (民办教育促进法, Minban Jiaoyu Cujin Fa) of 2002 established the conditions for operation. The private education sector has become one of China's major service industries that investors, both foreign and domestic, see as particularly promising. According to research and analysis by L.E.K. Consulting, China's private education sector is still underpenetrated compared with other global private education markets. If it had the same relative size as the U.S. market, China's private education sector would be double its current size. The positioning and development of private education are not without challenge. How the term private education is rendered in China illustrates that it is a delicate matter. For school-based private education, the schools are usually referred to as Minban (民办), literally


This paper compares the first democratization wave in the early 1990s with the third wave of democratization in the late 20th century. The two waves thus are not so dissimilar as to make it implausible to look for guidance for the later process on the earlier. 1 If these reinforce established theories about the conditions of viable democracy, the theories themselves acquire added credibility and it seems even more prudent to base present actions on the historic lessons.An early version of this essay was presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, New York Hilton, September 1-4, 1994.


Production of the defect-free casting of aluminium alloys is the biggest challenge. Porosity is known to be the most important defect. Therefore, many cast parts are subjected to several non-destructive tests in order to check their acceptability. There are several standards, yet, the acceptance limit of porosity size and distribution may change according to the customer design and requirements. In this work, the aim was targeted to evaluate the effect of size, location, and distribution of pores on the tensile properties of cast A356 alloy. ANSYS software was used to perform stress analysis where the pore sizes were changed between 0.05 mm to 3 mm by 0.05 mm increments. Additionally, pore number was changed from 1 to 5 where they were placed at different locations in the test bar. Finally, bifilms were placed inside the pore at different sizes and orientations. The stress generated along the pores was recorded and compared with the fracture stress of the A356 alloy. It was found that as the bifilm size was getting smaller, their effect on tensile properties was lowered. On the other hand, as bifilms were larger, their orientation became the dominant factor in determining the fracture.


The temperature variation of the nonlinearity constant in silicon has been studied for longitudinal waves along the [110] axis and for shear waves along the [110] axis with polarizations along the [110] and [001] axes in the range 73–273 K. The temperature dependence of the nonlinearity constant estimated from the second‐ and third‐order elastic constants has been further used to evaluate the acoustic attenuation in the Akhieser region at 475 MHz. The estimated values of acoustic attenuation have been compared with the measured values available in the literature and are found to be in good agreement. The nonlinearity constant showed a positive temperature coefficient for the longitudinal waves, whereas it showed a negative temperature coefficient for the shear waves. These results resemble those obtained for germanium and copper.


The rapid development of large-scale scientific computing nowadays allows to inherently respect the unsteady character of natural phenomena in computational flow simulation. With this new trend to more regularly consider time-dependent flow scenarios, an according new need for advanced exploration and analysis solutions emerges. In this paper, we now present three new concepts in pathline analysis which further improve the abilities of analysis: a multi-step analysis which helps to save time and space needed for computation, direct pathline brushing, and the use of pre-configured view arrangements. We have found that a clever combination of these three concepts with already existing methods creates a very powerful tool for pathline analysis. A solution that follows the concept of coordinated multiple views (CMV) with iterative composite brushing enables a quick information drill-down. We illustrate the usefulness of this approach in the context of an example from the automotive


Background: The authors try to provide evidence of the incidence, localization and distribution acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidphosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive nervous structures inthe human palatine tonsil. Material and methods: The research was implemented on surgically removed human palatine tonsils from subjects aged 10 to 20 years. The nervous structures were visualized by two histochemical methods and the results of the observation were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: By the applied methods the authors visualized ACHE and NADPH-d positive nerve fibres and nerve cells. The visualized nerve fibres entered at the site of the connective tissue semi-capsule along with blood vessels the palatine tonsil and were distributed in its connective tissue parts. ACHE positive nerve fibres ran along with arterial branches where they formed an adventitial network and larger periarterial nerves. They were present in the connective tissue semi-capsule and entered the marginal portions of the lymphatic follicles. The ACHE positive nerve cells with a multipolar shape were connected with nerve fibres and deposited in the connective tissue semi-capsule of the palatine tonsil. NADPH-d positive nerve fibres were restricted in their course to the adventitia of arterial branches, they did not form larger nerves, did not penetrate into lymphatic follicles and were not present in the connective tissue semi-capsule. The presence of NADPH-d positive nerve cells in the palatine tonsil was not found. Conclusion: In the palatine tonsil of man ACHE and NADPH-d positive nervous structures are present. The periarterial localization of the visualized nerve fibres indicates their possible common vasomotor effect.


It's hard to know where to look nowadays for a sober picture of Russian literary criticism in its post-perestroika phase. These comments do not pretend to an overview, but merely inquire into one small, transitory corner of the picture: how Russia's so-called "postcommunist postmodernism" is developing along lines quite different from our own, and how this might help us in the Western hemisphere get a perspective on our own cultural criticism. But first, a few reminders about the current state of the printed word in the ex-USSR. We must not for a moment forget the wonderful fact of freedom freedom of personal expression, freedom from fear but we must also remember that the Russian literary industry, like every other industry, has been sorely tested by the general breakdown of cultural institutions, by the rise of extremist groups, by a chronic lack of funds and universal exhaustion. The ruble, which had been artificially maintained at one to the dollar for decades, is now over 1,000 to the dollar and hardly counts as currency. The savings and security of lifetimes are wiped out; as central funding disappears, institutes and publishing houses dissolve or cease to produce; paper and ink become scare, printers go on strike, journals make pleas for hard-currency "sponsorship" that amounts to full subsidy; fantastic deals are proposed to university publishing houses and to individual academics for which there is no legal backup at all, except the foggy notion many Russians have that "in the West people own things, and sue each other, and this has brought them the good life." Russian culture is now ex-Soviet and "postcommunist." But do these terms have any positive content? It is too early for an inventory of genie features for the degree of confusion and disorientation, among all classes and ages, is almost impossible to describe but we might note certain recurring anxieties, to which I will return later. There is, first, the special awfulness in what has happened to the status of the word. Once freed, it was supposed to work miracles but instead, it is now on its ways to becoming the same devalued and indifferent thing that we in the West have long known it to be. There has also been the unhappy loss to literature of all those disciplines that, in more oppressive times, had invaded fiction because they had not been free to constitute themselves as professionally autonomous fields of study: philosophy, theology, economics, politics. Now that those other disciplines have gone home to roost, that is, now that Russians can


This text presents a research carried out through collabor ative work, which took place in a peripheral school in the city of Uberlândia-MG. Th e research is characterized as a case study and has a qualitative approach. Regarding the me t odology, in this investigation, we analyzed the work, with the support of blogs, whose p ages were used for student records and debates directed to the geometry content. The ob jective of this research was to analyze if it is possible to promote digital literacy and mat hematical knowledge using the Blog tool. We analyzed the work, with the support of blogs, wh ose pages were used for student records and debates directed to the geometry content. S tudents who were attending the 5th (fifth) grade of elementary school were invited to partic ipate in this project. The project was developed with 30 students in the second semester of 2014 , and another 30 in the first semester of 2015. In the data production process at school, t e following instruments were used: field notes produced by the entire project team, photog raphs and footage of the activities produced in the computer lab and in the classroom (rec ord d by the research team), questionnaires, interviews, records in virtual space: blo gs. The results of this investigation focused on the analysis of fifth graders' productions with bl og entries. Regarding the conclusion, the research showed that blogs, software and diffe rent dynamics of study attracted the students' attention, leaving most of them, instigated b y the unknown. Blogging work in groups has developed students' reading and writing of bot h mother tongue and mathematical symbol and nomenclature. Students 'interaction be came noticeable throughout the project as it provided students' personal maturity, respec t, tolerance and cooperation. In this sense, we conclude that the project has greatly contributed to the process of student literacy in mother tongue, mathematics and digital literacy.


Quarks are described mathematically by (3 x 3) matrices. To include these quarkonian mathematical structures into Geometric algebra it is helpful to restate Geometric algebra in the mathematical language of (3 x 3) matrices. It will be shown in this paper how (3 x 3) permutation matrices can be interpreted as unit vectors. And as S3 permutation symmetry is flavour symmetry a unified flavour picture of Geometric algebra will emerge.


The present study examines the autograph text of the sacramental play written by Calderon de la Barca in 1642 El divino cazador. The starting point is the essential bibliography on comedies and the main goal is to confirm to what extent the poet works in a similar way in his manuscripts, regardless of the content. With this objective, the authorial interventions from the title to the specific lapses are examined, along with the stage directions or indications of which actors would represent which characters. The latter information also emphasizes the dual character of theater as literature and entertainment.


Objective:To investigate the influence of Sheng-huang mixtrue on the apoptosis related proteins expression of Bcl-assosiated x protein(Bax),B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2-like proteins(Bcl-2) and Aspartate-specific cysteinyl proteinase(Caspase-3) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury rats.Method: SD rats(n=48) were divided randomly into six groups: normal control group,model group,positive control group,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose Sheng-huang mixtrue groups(n=8).After the drug was administered to the six groups seven days,the Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was established.TUNEL was used to detect the myocardial apoptosis index,The protein expressions of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were assayed by western blotting.Result: In comparison of the five other groups with model group,Sheng-huang mixture can decrease the myocardial apoptosis index and the protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3,but increase the protein expressions of Bcl-2 in rats and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.Among which high dose Sheng-huang mixtrue group decreased much more than other groups.Conclusion: Sheng-huang mixture has the protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,which can inhibit the myocardial apoptosis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and reducing the protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3.


Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, which affects the respi- ratory tract with preference for the larynx and trachea. It is caused by the human papilloma virus (types 6 and 11) and is one of the causes of hoarseness and airway obstruction. A high degree of diagnosis suspicion is needed, bearing in mind its various presentation forms. It is presented the case of a 4-year-old with background history of laryngeal papillomato- sis, admitted for severe upper respiratory obstruction and need for emergency tracheotomy. Later viral sorting revealed that it was the human papillomavirus type 11 and 72. In the follo- wing fourteen months the child was submitted to six surge- ries, initially by conventional techniques and CO2 laser, and afterwards through the new microdebrider method and appli- cation of intralesional cidofovir. This is an illustrative case of an extremely aggressive disease, which endangered the child's life and provoked obvious repercussions on the subject's qua- lity of life. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of stri- dor in children, in order to prevent the growth of papillomas and the resulting severe airway obstruction.


The prevalence of long term survivors after cancer treatment is increasing and a large number of patients are at risk for development of treatment-related sequelae. With limitation of health care resources, low cost methods are needed to screen this population for sequelae. A total of 255 prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiotherapy at one institution was identified and responses to self-reported questionnaires based on Soma score for rectal and urinary symptoms were analyzed and compared with a similar questionnaires filled in by an experienced study nurse during patient interview. Results: 65% of living patients returned the questionnaires and 51% showed up for the interview. The median follow up time after irradiation was 6,9 years. 57% of the patients scored the same as the nurse in an interview setting, while 35% scored higher in the self reported forms than in the interview scores. Overall, the self-reported questionnaire identified 97% of patients with scores >2 at interview.


The case of the failure of 75 KPK employees is claimed to have something to do with radicalism within the KPK. Through this discourse analysis of news texts, a study of the meaning of the news texts of Koran Tempo and Republika is carried out to determine the structure of the news text, social cognition and social context. The results found are Koran Tempo and Republika, with different media ideologies, have an intersecting discourse structure where they both assume that radicalism related to the failure of 75 KPK employees has no facts. There needs to be clarity from the TWK test preparation of government agency.


Recently the distributed topology control algorithm for constructing the Recrystallization Topology in the unstructured peer-to-peer network was proposed. In this paper, we prove that such a hierarchical topology is a scale-free power-law network. We present a model of a construction process of the distributed protocol, and analyze it based on a mean-field approximation and the continuum theory, so that we show that the constructed Recrystallization Topology is a scale-free network. In the proposed model, all nodes are born with some initial attractiveness and the system incorporates the rewiring of some links at every time step. Some old links are removed with the anti-preferential probability, and some new links are added with preferential probability. In other words, according to the distributed algorithm, each node makes connections to the more-preferential nodes having higher hit-ratio than other nodes, while it disconnects the anti-preferential nodes having lesser hit-ratio. This gives a realistic description of the local processes forming the recrystallization topology in unstructured peer-to-peer network. We calculate analytically the degree distribution. The analytic result indicates that the constructed network is a scale-free network, of which the scaling exponent is 3.


Cisco's Service-Level Assurance Protocol (Cisco's SLA Protocol)
RFC 6812 [RFC6812] is a Performance Measurement protocol that has been
widely deployed. The protocol is used to measure service-level
parameters such as network latency, delay variation, and packet/frame
loss. This document describes an extension to the Cisco SLA Protocol
Measurement-Type UDP-Measurement, in order to implement alternate
marking methodology detailed in [I-D.tempia-ippm-p3m]. The extension
is used to measure service level parameters by marking test traffic.


The authors produce space form in the modernist novels by using the skill of narration,but the skill through the way of juxtaposition.The instantaneous,the eternal time,circumstance juxta position and circumstance repeated are the concrete manifestations of the juxtaposition.


Multiple factors determine the resistance of tumours against radiation treatment (RT) and chemotherapy. Tumours may show an intrinsic, genetically determined inherent resistance. However, extrinsic physiological (environmental) factors are also important. Most critical is the presence of less or inadequate and heterogeneous vascular networks leading to chronic 'diffusion-limited' tumour hypoxia. Tumour hypoxia is also an acute cyclic phenomenon as part of a dynamic process in which the vessels periodically open and close. The latter type is translated as 'perfusion-limited' hypoxia.

There is strong evidence that for some human tumours treatment may fail due to the presence of hypoxia[1]. Therefore, the presence of tumour hypoxia needs to be identified and quantified, not only as predictor of outcome, but also to select patients for concomitant radiosensitising therapy to overcome the hypoxia effect. Treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen or carbogen (95–98% O2 with 2–5% CO2) breathing during RT have been extensively investigated and initiated in clinics[2]. The adequate appreciation of tumour hypoxia may also lead to the efficient use of hypoxia-directed treatments such as bioreductive drugs or gene therapy. Also the modulation of hypoxia from targeting tumour vasculature is another area of clinical interest that can profit from such measurements.

Direct quantification of tumour oxygenation can thus be expected to be of important prognostic and therapeutic value. However, until now appreciation of tumour oxygenation needs the application of invasive methods, such as biopsy-based immunohistochemistry using pimonidazole, or the use of Eppendorf oxygen-sensitive electrodes to screen tumours for hypoxia.

Tumour oxygenation as evaluated with oxygen-sensitive needle electrodes was shown to be of prognostic interest in certain human tumours, such as in metastatic neck adenopathies, cervix carcinoma, sarcomas and recurrent pelvic tumours[3]. However, oxygen-sensitive needle electrodes can only to a certain extent be used, as some primary tumours are deeply seated, difficult to reach and close to critical anatomic structures.

There is a clear need for non-invasive methods to measure tumour oxygenation. Increasingly more studies are demonstrating that imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), classically used to demonstrate the anatomic position and extent of tumours, are able to provide additional, biological information. For example, lymph node density on contrast-enhanced CT images reflects both tissue perfusion and degree of contrast agent diffusion in the tissue interstitium. Within neck adenopathies, appearing hypodense ('necrotic') on routine contrast-enhanced CT-images, hypoxic conditions are present, as measured with oxygen-sensitive electrodes[4]; such nodal hypodensity on CT images was the only independent predictor of locoregional failure in patients with stage III/IV head and neck cancer receiving RT alone or simultaneous radiation and chemotherapy[5]. A significant lower complete response rate to chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer was reported in patients showing nodal hypodensity on CT, attributed to a reduced functional vascularisation of such lymph nodes for efficient drug delivery[6]. Other studies failed to confirm nodal necrosis, as visible on CT studies, as a prognostic factor for locoregional outcome in patients treated with RT or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One of the explanations for these conflicting results may be that pure morphological parameters do not correlate sufficiently with impaired vascularisation and hypoxia.

Intuitively, one expects an inverse relationship between maximum tumour diameter and tumour oxygenation: larger cancers show a progressive rarefaction of the vascular bed, structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour microcirculation and development of necrosis. Tumour volume can be quantified using routine cross-sectional imaging studies; such radiologically determined tumour volume is significantly related to local outcome, as has been demonstrated for several head and neck cancer sites and uterine cervical cancer. Compared to biological predictive assays as doubling time (Tpot) and surviving fraction (SF2), tumour volume allows a much more precise prediction of response to RT[7]. Presumably, the prognostic value of tumour volume is not only determined by its possible correlation to tumour oxygenation, but also by the more or less linear relationship between tumour volume and number of clonogenic cells: success in controlling a tumour depends on killing all clonogenic cells.

Another approach to estimate tumour hypoxia seems to be feasible with 'dynamic' contrast-enhanced imaging techniques; such methodology allows a combined estimation of tissue perfusion, blood volume and permeability of vessels. A relationship between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters and tumour oxygenation has for example been shown in cervical carcinoma, using polarographic needle electrodes as reference[8].

Several other approaches to measuring tumour oxygenation are available with MRI. Tumour oxygenation can be measured indirectly with Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy. Experiments have been done using Fluor-19-MR spectroscopy, by using perfluorocarbon compounds as oxygen sensor[9], but these perfluorocarbon compounds are currently not available for clinical use.

Another possibility is to use hydrogen-MRI, to test the reoxygenation of a particular tumour while the patient is breathing carbogen, using the principle of fMRI. The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast depends on the endogenous switch from paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobine to diamagnetic oxyhemoglobin, a conversion that is translated in changes of MR signals. This principle is extensively used in functional MRI to assess brain activity triggered with exercise or other external stimuli. Typically, tumour oxygenation data are collected using a single-slice gradient-recalled echo (GRE) technique at very high field strength[10]. Recently, the feasibility of using BOLD-fMRI with echo planar imaging (EPI) in a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner, allowing evaluation of the entire tumour volume, was demonstrated in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumour model[11]. In this study, a large intertumour variability as well as an important intratumour difference in response, both when the rats breathed air or carbogen, was observed. Whereas in the majority of tumours the signal intensity increases were positive (indicating improved oxygenation), a negative change in signal intensity (indicating reduced oxygenation) was seen both in separate as well as in the same tumours. Such a heterogeneous response to carbogen breathing was also observed in a recent clinical study, where the principle of BOLD-fMRI was applied to patients with head and neck cancer[12]. In this perspective of heterogeneity, the possibility to analyse the whole tumour in a short time is an attractive (and even necessary) feature to quantitate the variable effects of oxygenation modifying compounds.

With the continuous improvement of MRI hardware and software, the development of new contrast agents and more refined methods of image data analysis, further progress in this field of acquiring non-invasively biologic information on tumours can only be anticipated.


The author shows, with the aid of tables, the continuous reductions in journal collections over the past 25 years, including many core journal titles in the life sciences in special libraries. The author expresses his regret toward the large cutbacks in journal acquisitions which have contributed to the decline of these libraries. The tables also reflect the present qualities of scholars in the life sciences in Hungary


A heatable liquid container (5) of plastic material, in particular for receiving ureas or water / urea mixtures, with a container wall (6) defining a container interior (16) defined, is an electrically controllable magnetization unit (10, 11, 12) for generating a magnetic alternating field assigned. The container wall (6) consists at least partly of inductively erwarmbarem plastic that by the magnetization unit (10, 11, 12) can be inductively excited, so that in the container interior (16) picked up fluid via the container wall (6) can be heated.


In situ stress measurements were performed during high frequency pulse electrodeposition of nanotwinned Cu thin films. Periodic stress changes during pulse-on and pulse-off periods were observed. The stress profile showed an abrupt increase in tensile stress to about 400 MPa during the pulse-on period and a stress relaxation during the pulse-off period. First-principles calculations predict that a complete relaxation of the tensile stress allows the formation of nanotwins separated by 28 nm or more. This is in good agreement with the results obtained from microstructural analysis of the Cu films fabricated during in situ stress measurements.


The invention develops a deferoxamine derivative with bone affinity, a preparation method and application thereof. More specifically, the invention provides a compound with a structure shown as formula (1) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, acyl halide, hydrate or solvate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound shown as formula (1) and application thereof in preparation of drugs for treatment of osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, delayed union or nonunion and bone defect. (formula I).


The site frequency spectrum characterizes the variation found within different studied populations, providing insight on past demographic history. Here, I describe two methods of studying demographic history that condition or transform the site frequency spectrum to provide greater understanding of demographic history. The doubly conditioned site frequency spectrum helps to highlight differences between admixture and ancient structure models, helping to confirm that Neanderthals did admix with the ancestors of non-African humans. Projection analysis compares a single test genome to a reference population and provides insight on the demographic relationship between the reference and test populations analyzed. This method has been applied in humans to better articulate human demographic history and demonstrate the utility of the method. It has also been applied to genomic data from ancient and modern horses, highlighting admixture between the Przewalski's horse and domestic horses, as well as the relationship of several ancient horse genomes to present day horse populations.


Self-confidence and its related constructs are among the most widely researched variables in the literature on achievement. However, findings on the link between self-confidence and achievement are not consistent. While some researchers have found significant correlations between selfconfidence about one's intellectual ability and achievement outcomes (e.g., Brookover & Passalacqua, 1981; J. G. Jones & Grieneeks, 1970; Marsh, 1984; Shavelson & Bolus, 1982; Shell, Murphy, & Bruning, 1989; for a review, see Hattie, 1992), others find only weak associations between the two variables (for a meta-analysis, see Hansford & Hattie, 1982).


The invention discloses a liquidambar styraciflua grafting propagation method comprising the steps of (1) grafting time selection, (2) scion selection and storage, (3) rootstock treatment, (4) scion cutting, (5) grafting, and (6) post-grafting management. With the liquidambar styraciflua grafting propagation method, a grafting survival rate is higher than 90%. The method has the advantages such as simple implementation, easy propagation, and easy popularization. The method has important application and popularization values in liquidambar styraciflua improved breed seedling propagation and production.


High energy solid state lasers such as Nd:YAG are most commonly used as source of illumination in Photoacoustic (PA) imaging. However, recently, pulsed laser diodes (PLD)are being increasingly explored as a potential alternative to solid state sources due to its advantages such as portability, high pulse repetition rate and affordability. However, PLD has low energy per pulse which results in weaker signal, especially, from deep-seated photoacoustic targets. Hence, additional noise from external sources, such as, electronic noise, jitter, etc. have more pronounced detrimental effect on the quality of the reconstructed PA images resulting in low Signal-to-Ratio (SNR) values. Recently, several works have been reported to reduce the effect of noise by taking advantage of the high pulse-repetition rate offered by PLD and performing averaging. In this work we demonstrate that by strategically employing noise-reduction filter on the raw data prior to reconstruction stage yields significant improvement in SNR compared to mere averaging (∼61%) in PLD-based PAT systems.


A Rapid Concurrent Health Impact Assessment of the Liverpool Mutual Homes Housing Investment Programme: Final Report by the International Health Impact Assessment Consortium in 2009. This HIA was a systematic process, which identified what the potential health effects of a new policy, programme, or project, such as the housing investment programme, might be on a particular group of people, such as local residents. It considered which key health determinants, e.g., living conditions, social and community networks and lifestyle, will be affected and how this in turn will impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. In addition, HIA considered whether the project will affect physical, emotional and social wellbeing, as well as possibly affecting ill-health. Recommendations (pp.85-87) are then made to the policy-makers to mitigate against potential health risks and enhance health benefits.


Incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) into color-filters (CFs) are desired for less energy loss and wider viewing angle compared to conventional display. However, aggregation and vulnerability to heat, moisture, and chemicals in photo-patternable matrix are critical issues of the QD-CFs with high QDs concentration. Herein, we fabricated red (10 wt%) and green (20 wt%) QD-CFs using photolithography of QD/siloxane ink containing secondary thiol monomer. Ligand exchanged QDs were chemically incorporated in methacrylate oligo-siloxane resin. QD/siloxane composite showed superior stability against heat and moisture (85 ℃/5% RH and 85 ℃/85% RH) and chemicals (EtOH, HCl and NaOH) compared to conventional QD/PR (commercial negative photoresist). 10 μm-thick QD-CFs effectively converted blue light to red and green light, and the obtained white PL through QD-CF exhibited a wider color gamut (108% in CIE 1931) compared to NTSC. From these advantages, QD/siloxane composite will be beneficial as color-conversion photoresist to be used as color-filters in LCDs, μLEDs, and OLEDs.


We consider bound states in the continuum (BICs) in a 1D multilayered system of an anisotropic defect layer embedded into an anisotropic photonic crystal. We analytically demonstrate that an anisotropic defect layer embedded into anisotropic photonic crystal supports accidental BICs. These BICs can be transformed to a high-Q resonances by variation of one of the system's parameters. At the same time the BICs are remarkably robust in a sense that a true BIC can be recovered by further tuning any of the other system's parameters leading to tunability of the resonance position.


Portable scour-measuring systems were developed to meet the requirements of three different applications: bridge inspections, limited-detail data collection, and detailed data collection. A portable scour-measuring system consists of four components: (a) the instrument(s) for making the measurement, (2) a system for deploying the instrument(s), (3) a method to identify and record the horizontal position of the data collected, and (4) a data-storage device. Commercially available instruments were evaluated for use in measuring scour at bridges during floods. The systems developed consist primarily of commercially available instruments, which were modified and interfaced to achieve the required functionality. The bridge-inspection system is intended for use by bridge inspectors to measure the streambed elevation around piers and abutments to ensure the stability of bridge foundations. The system developed and described here uses a low-cost echo sounder to measure the water depth and a tethered float to deploy the transducer around the bridge piers and abutments. Data are recorded on a chart-recording echo sounder or in a notebook if the echo sounder has only a graphical or numerical display. The U.S. Geological Survey has been collecting limited-detail data on scour at bridges for several years. The only additional development for limited-detail data collection was to use a float to deploy the transducer of an echo sounder, which allows data to be collected beneath the bridge and along the sides of the piers. The detailed data collection system allows collection of detailed channel bathymetry and hydraulic data at the bridge and in the approach and exit reaches. Channel geometry is measured using a digital echo sounder; three-dimensional velocity profiles are collected using a broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (BB-ADCP); and the position of the data collected is measured using either a range-azimuth positioning system or a differential global positioning system. All data are transmitted to shore where they are stored on a field computer. Because of the spatial coverage required of detailed data, the instruments must be deployed from a boat. Although manned boats are frequently used on some streams, safety and access considerations, particularly on small streams, led to the development of a remote-control boat. The remote-control boat consists of a flat-bottom jon boat powered by an outboard engine with servos and switches mounted directly on the engine to allow control of the engine by use of standard recreational remote controls. All systems developed have been used successfully during major floods and allow data to be collected more efficiently and in more detail than was previously possible.


Regional specialisation by processing industry sectors in Bulgaria is studied through calculating coefficients of absolute and relative specialisation. Cluster and discriminant analyses are applied. A relationship between processes observed in Bulgaria and other Central and Eastern European countries is searched. Findings show that the specialisation of the regions in Bulgaria is yet to begin. Formation of clusters according to the specialisation process is also forthcoming. In the course of development of integration processes, Bulgaria will experience difficulties when entering the open European market and this will deepen the regional specialsation, predominantly in the field of labour-intensive branches with low capital-intensity.


given the circumstances, they did very well, which was truly remarkable. A complete breakdown of public order was prevented, huge piles of weapons were taken from Wehrmacht troops, tens of thousands of refugees and the local population were organized, fed and accommodated and 'protected from the depredations of bands of unsurrendered troops. . . Indeed, many of them [the antifas] had suffered far more than the ordinary citizens, since for many years they had been ruthlessly persecuted and harassed by the Nazis' (117–18). Still, the relations with the local population were not particularly sound. The antifas returned from their Nazi prisons 'to pull the country back from the abyss and lead the way forward to the promised land of socialism' (177). But most inhabitants, Pritchard analyses sharply, did not see it that way, showed no repentance for their past actions and did not rally behind the antifas, which enraged them. This was a true contradiction: the new rulers wanted to win the hearts and minds of the people, but at the same time despised and mistrusted them. Therefore, 'their rule was paternalistic, repressive, and deeply resented by the mass of the population. By the time the Soviets took control of Niemandsland at the end of June [1945], it was already well on its way to becoming an antifascist dictatorship' (178). Pritchard has written a thoroughly researched, well-composed account of a forgotten episode of German post-war history. He gives chilling accounts of the last days of Hitler's would-be Thousand-Year Reich in the western Erzgebirge, with roaming SS fanatics randomly shooting people who tried to make peace with the advancing Allies. The author has a great eye for detail and has succeeded in writing a book that sometimes reads like a thriller. Niemandsland fits in well with the growing amount of titles that have appeared recently on the final days of the Third Reich, such as the books by Ian Kershaw, Richard Bessel and Christian Glossner. Pritchard's book is of the same quality and can easily hold its own among these authors.


Deliberate self harm is important risk factor for completed suicide. This retrospective study of psychiatric referral for last 3 years found that these cases constituted 9.09% of total referral cases. Age group 21–30 years constituted majority of these patients, male patients more than females and organophosphorus compound were used by majority of patient (35.71%). Need of Psychiatrist in emergency setting, education of emergency medical officers regarding management of these cases is suggested.


【Objectives : Oral pain without identifiable oral mucosa lesion is probably multifactorial origin, which include burning mouth syndrome (BMS), oral candidiasis and so on. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of oral pain without identifiable oral mucosa lesion and to evaluate treatment outcome of those patients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 50 patients without identifiable oral mucosa lesion who were complaint of oral pain. The patients were analyzed according tothe sites, associated symptoms, laboratory tests and fungus culture. The questionnaire included questions on their current diseases, smoking and alcoholic history, psychological factors, and symptoms. Results : The average age of patients was 60 years old. The most frequently involved site was tongue (92%), followed by palate, lower lip, oropharynx, and gingiva. 60% of the patients has psychological disorder as self reported. Culture for Candida was positive in 36% of patients and serum zinc deficiency was present in 60% of patients. Serum iron, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, folic acid deficiency were present in 6-2% of patients. Seventeen patients (65%) with BMS and twelve patients (66%) with oral candidiasis were improved after treatment. Conclusion : We recommend oral candida culture to oral pain patients without oral mucosa lesion. Zinc supplementation of zinc depletion patients may be helpful whereas other laboratory tests have no diagnostic values.】


The information age has created a "transforming era" in the American community college. Rapidly changing technology, increasing competition, declining public financial resources, escalating demands for accountability, changing student demographics, and broadening pleas for involvement in decision making by employees have created a period of instability in our institutions. This instability requires a change in management models. Successful community colleges in the next millennium will create organizational cultures symbolized by decentralized decision making, organizational alignment, and the ability to thrive on chaos. Victor Valley College, in California, underwent a systematic change in management direction during the first S years of this decade. A comprehensive change process of strategic planning, team leadership training, process reengineering, organizational restructuring, and college‐wide staff development was used to transform the college culture. These changes, coupled with the president's eff...


Our paper assesses the consequences of poverty between a child's prenatal year and fifth birthday for a host of adult achievement, health, and behavior outcomes, measured as late as age 37. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and controlling for economic conditions in middle childhood and adolescence, we find statistically significant and, in some cases, quantitatively large detrimental effects of early poverty on a number of attainment-related outcomes (adult earnings, work hours, receipt of transfer income), some health outcomes (adult body mass) but not on such behavioral outcomes as out of wedlock childbearing and arrests. Most of the adult earnings effects appear to operate through adult labor supply. Paper prepared for the conference "Long-run impact of early life events" at the National Poverty Center, University of Michigan, December 13 2007.


The parasitic disease is one of the factors that can reduce the productivity of livestock. This study was conducted to identify the scabies cases in swamp buffaloes including species of mites, the clinical symptoms, and the prevalence. The 12 of swamp buffaloes were observed by physical examinations, followed by laboratory observations, and processing the collected mites, and finally detailed identifications. The result showed that based on physical examination, there were 2 of 12 swamp buffaloes showing clinical symptoms of scabies. The species of mite infested was Sarcoptes scabiei. The clinical symptoms of sarcoptic mange in swamp buffaloes showed alopecia, hyperemia, scabs, pruritus, and thickening of the skin. The prevalence of sarcoptic mange in buffaloes at Sukamaju village, Ciampea, Bogor was 16.6%


International migration affects children who are left behind in their homes. One of the impacts is the health conditions of migrant children. When a child is left by a parent to migrate, the daily activities and life of the child will become a little lame due tono role ofone or both parents who care for and care for health, education, and behavior. This article discusses the impact of international migration on parents on children's health conditions and health behavior and care of migrant children. The data used is the result of CHAMPSEA 2016 study which focuses on the conditions of children and families of international migrants. The results show that international parental migration didnot have a major influence on the health conditions of children, migrant children only experience mild health problems without experiencing serious health problems,such as severe illness and physical / mental disabilities. The behavior of migrant children towards health and the role of caregivers of migrant children contributedto the child's health condition. Good health behavior of migrant children and good care still does not rule out the possibility of developing mild health problems.


There exist great urban and rural disparity and serious unbalance in the present social security system of urban-rural discrimination in China,which seriously affects China,s construction of harmonious society along with its industrialization.


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The sediment samples and Avicennia marina tissues including root, steam, leaf and flower were collected from Gulf of Gowater in summer 2010. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The accumulation pattern of heavy metals in the sediment was obtained Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd. This pattern for root, steam, Leaf and flower were determined Ni>Cu>Zn>Cd, Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd and Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd respectively. According to the BCF (Bioconcentration Factor) values, mangrove tissues can be used as a bioindicator for contamination of Cd. whereas root and steam can be used as bioindicators for contamination of copper in Gowater and root can be used for Ni monitoring in this area. Plant tissues are not useful tools as bioindicators to detect contamination of Zn in the area. High TF (Transition Factor) values for root indicate that the root has significant role for metal transferring from root to other the plant tissues. Different metal ratios between A. marina tissues and sediment can be related to the character of heavy metals to be essential or not for plant.


Itching of the skin excepting in cases of animal parasitic origin, is one of the most difficult conditions in dermatology to eradicate. Localized pruritus, particularly in the anogenital region, is extremely trying to the patient, and to the physician in his endeavor to relieve the condition. The means that have been employed have, in many instances, been most ineffective. Therefore, our thanks are due to any one who offers a therapeutic measure for amelioration. Winfield 1 and Murray 2 have been pioneers in offering a new method for combating this trying situation. The idea occurred separately to Winfield and to Murray, in 1910, that because of the location of this trying pruritus certain bacteria might be found constantly present, and an autogenous vaccine might give a partial or complete relief. The colon bacillus was naturally the first organism considered, but on further study Streptococcus fecalis was found also to be


This paper describes a computer program which enables an engineer with no knowledge of any computer language to be in a position to use a digital computer for determining the time response of a system. The program can, from the analogue description of a system, deduce the system differential equations and compile a program for their solution. The compiler furnishes the digital computer with all the facilities normally found on an analogue computer plus the facility of single parameter optimization. The program provides an extremely convenient solution to a wide range of problems in control systems, electrical network analysis and process simulation.


Objective To study and draw up the effective ways and countermeasures to meet the drug storage for various conditions leading to metamorphism of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs and external influence factors such as moisture, humidity and light. Methods According to the different storage methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, the storage medicines in pharmacy of our hospital were divided into two groups. The observation group applied classification storage, dry storage at low temperature, close or fighting storage, professional technical personnel management to store traditional Chinese medicinal materials and prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, and drew up strict preventive measures. The general group applied natural storage of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs under the general status. Results The quality and efficacy of custodial traditional Chinese medicinal materials and prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs within two years in the observation group were better than those in the general group, and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Using classification storage, dry storage at low temperature, close or fighting storage, professional technical personnel management can improve the keeping quality of drugs.


The invention discloses a graphene pole piece and a preparation method therefor. The graphene pole piece comprises a current collector layer, a graphene conductive layer and a porous graphene layer, wherein the graphene conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the current collector layer; the porous graphene layer is arranged on the surface of the graphene conductive layer; and the porous graphene layer is prepared by steps of aggregating graphene particles into sheet-form films through carbon-based fibers and a binder, rolling the sheet-form films to obtain slices connected in a large-piece manner, and rolling the slices to obtain the porous graphene layer. The graphene pole piece is simple in preparation process, easy to implement the preparation and can apply multiple kinds of chemical or physical power supply systems.


l) By applying high temperature H (20°∼30°C) and low temperature L (5°∼20°C) to the aerial and root portions respectively, four plots (H/H, H/L, L/H, L/L) were provided in order to study the effect of temperature upon the nature of tobacco seedling only for twenty days at the end of seed-ded period. 2) At high air temperature (H/H and H/L), the plants showed elongated appearance, while the highest dry weights of top and root were obtained at high root temperature (H/H and L/H). There was scarcely striking difference in final number of leaves among them. 3) Some chemical analysis indicated that carbohydrate content was highest at L/H, and that above all starch accumulation was remarkably high and reversely total nitrogen content was very low in that Plot. The H/H plants came next to this. In general, high root temperature showed high carbohydrate content. 4) Comparing their rooting ability, L/H was highest, H/H was next to it, and H/L and L/L were lower. This suggests that the above facts had close relation to high carbohydrate content and high dry weights of top and root. 5) It seems that root temperature is an important factor to obtain good tobacco seedlings suitable for transplanting.


Benzene is a very important product, affecting the development of the organic synthesis industry, especially in the production of plastics and synthetic fibers. As a result, the production of benzene is constantly increasing. There is a simultaneous increase in the demands made on its quality. The results from removal of saturated hydrocarbon impurities from benzene by extractive rectification under industrial conditions at the Yasinovka Coke Works are given. The extractive rectification unit was shown to be practical and efficient in operation. The resulting benzene meets the present and expected user requirements.


The introduction of emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles, broadband satellite Internet and 5G/6G cellular communication has motivated countless research efforts in millimeter-wave phased arrays, radar systems, and MIMO antennas. The biggest hurdle against the large scale deployment of these technologies is the cost of design, development and manufacturing of the complex antennas required, and overcoming this hurdle will cause an unprecedented impact on our everyday lives. The concept of Peripherally-Excited (PEX) Antenna Arrays is an attractive candidate to satisfy some of the requirements of the aforementioned technologies, at a reduced active component, manufacturing and deployment cost. In this paper, a practical realization of the PEX antenna array is presented for the first time, with experimental verification.


Small and medium size corporations are becoming an important part of national economy and holding the balance of national economic increase.This paper analyses the importance of Electronic Business for small and medium size corporations and put forward proper Electronic Business strategy suited for China's small and medium size corporations.


This paper proposed a new structure of moving-electrode type electric field and selected three kinds of typical metallurgical dusts to carry out characteristic analysis and performance experiments in it and traditional fixed electric field respectively. The results showed that lateral moving-electrode type electric field(LMEF) has superior performance on collecting fine particles but limited effect on coarse particles and is suited for using in outlet of electrostatic precipitators(ESP), which is an economic and feasible method for ESP renovation.


Lung tumors are capable of synthesizing and secreting peptide proteins (hormones) that lead to a variety of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. Knowledge about the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment of these syndromes has evolved over time. This article provides an up-to-date overview of this knowledge.


Confirmation theory began as an attempt to formally explicate a informal notion of "support" between statements. Early renditions of confirmation theory were logical in nature. For instance, Hempel (who was perhaps the first to undertake a serious formal account of confirmation) explicated [E confirms H\ as [E ` DE(H)\, where DE(H) is a statement constructed syntactically out of H and E in a certain way (Hempel called it the "E-development of H") [12]. Hempel's theory has various properties, many of which are now looked upon with disdain by contemporary confirmation theorists (more on this below). But, one property Hempel's theory has, which seems essential to confirmation theory (old and new) is his Entailment Condition:


We report transport measurements as a function of bias in open semiconductor quantum dots. These measurements are well described by an effective electron temperature derived from Joule heating at the point contacts and cooling by Wiedemann-Franz out-diffusion of thermal electrons. Using this model, we propose and analyze a quantum dot based sensor capable of measuring absolute magnetic field at micron scales with a noise floor of ∼110 nT/Hz at 300 mK. Non optimized measurements reported here are ∼2 orders of magnitude above this floor.


In this dissertation, we present a nonlinear algorithm for critical point detection (CPD). The algorithm eliminates the problems arising from curvature approximation and Gaussian filtering in the existing algorithms. Based on a definition of "critical level", we establish a set of criteria for the design of an effective CPD algorithm for the first time. By relating the critical level to the modified area confined by three consecutive "pseudo-critical points", a simple but very effective algorithm is developed. The experimental results on over thirty shapes with various complexities show the algorithm is reliable and invariant of translation, rotation, and scaling. The algorithm is also robust with regard to noise. The comparison of our experimental results with those of many other CPD algorithms show the proposed algorithm is superior.


The analyses on chemical properties of some tropical timbers have been studied. The physical properties of these timbers varied in the pH(4.26 – 6.85) , moisture content(13%-37%), specific gravity(0.16-0.45), charring temperature (61 – 116o C)and porosity index(1.17-2.08%).Also the solubility behaviors of these timbers were mostly insoluble in hot and cold water, NaOH and ethanol and slightly soluble in concentrated HCl and H2SO4 respectively. The Qualitative results show heavy presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannis, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids in some of the timbers.Quantitative determinations were carried out and results show that the woods contain chemical constituents which are useful to both humans and industries.


Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by some plant species in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.It quickly metabolize into pterostilbene,piceid,viniferins etc in vivo.These metabolins also have a wide-array of biological activities like resveratrol,such as antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,platelet antiaggregating.They are also reported to be potentially important cellular events associated with carcinogenesis.The selectivity and stability of these metabolins are also better than that of resveratrol.The synthesis approach,bioactivities,metabolic regulation,detection methods of the main metabolins were reviewed in this paper.


Values Education in the university context from the perspective of complex thinking, then to understand the meanings and senses that teachers have regarding values education in their pedagogical praxis. The study was conducted through qualitative methodology, based on the interpretive paradigm, which focuses its attention on the interpretation of experiences and experiences of social actors. The method used was the phenomenological method, which according to Martinez (2004) is where hermeneutics is integrated in the context of temporality and historicity of human existence. The information collection process was conducted through in-depth interviews to five (5) social actors, who were selected by the criterion of teachers working at the University studied. categorization, triangulation of information and theorizing process was used for the discussion of the results, which allowed me to build the emerging theory, which was called Construction Epistemology of values: knowledge and practice.


Increased device degradation due to hot-carrier effects in nanoscale double-gate (DG) MOSFETs is investigated. We have studied the hot-carrier degradation effects on surface potential, threshold voltage and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of nanoscale DG MOSFETs. Exploiting this new device model, we have found that the degradation becomes worse when the channel length gets shorter and the minimum potential's position is affected by the hot-carrier induced localised interface charge density. DIBL effect is more pronounced in very short channel lengths (L less than 40 nm) in the presence of the hot-carrier effects. The results showed that the analytical model is in close agreement with the 2-D numerical simulation over a wide range of device parameters.


In this talk we briefly review some of the achievements in the study of the QCD matter at high temperature produced in the nuclear collisions at very high energies. We focus on its bulk properties: hydrodynamical and thermodynamical.


The enduring link which exists between industry and science as we know it today only began to be established in the middle of the 19th century. In this article I argue that the establishment of this link occurred by means of a radical change in the very way of conceiving scientific activity. Thus, I show what was the new conception of scientific activity that appeared in the middle of the 19th century and ask how it came to be established. I suggest that the answer lies in the interweaving of two activities that did not exist until the 19th century: the systematic work of the laboratories, which only gained an institutional dimension in the 1830s, and the exploitation of coal tar for industrial goals, which only started in 1856.


Cavity walls containing combustible insulation present an increased risk for fire propagation in a confined, concealed space. Damage to the building resulting from ignition of combustible insulation can be extensive; especially so, in the absence of horizontal and vertical fire-stops. Current codes and standards assess fire performance of exterior wall assemblies subjected to external ignition sources. However, test methods do not address the potential fire hazard resulting from ignition of combustible insulation within the wall cavity. A fire performance test has been developed that evaluates the fire propagation behavior of combustible insulation in a configuration that is representative of the actual installation. The test utilizes a full scale cavity wall assembly and offers fire performance evaluation of insulation of any thickness for either a 51 mm or 102 mm wide air space. A propane sand burner was selected as the ignition source; in addition to being reliable and repeatable, its heat output was carefully calibrated to be representative of potential ignition scenarios that may occur within a cavity wall. During the 15 minute fire performance test, the sample is continuously subjected to the propane sand burner exposure fire. An acceptable sample will produce a peak chemical heat release rate less than 100 kW and a maximum visible flame height less than 1.8 m. This fire performance test method is being incorporated into FM Approvals Standard for Cavity Walls and Rainscreens, Class Number 4411 [1] and is suitable for incorporation into other codes and standards. © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016 Language: en


Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder that causes skin plaques to develop into red and scaly patches. It affects millions of people globally. Dermatologists currently employ visual and haptic methods to determine a medical issue's severity. Intelligent medical imaging-based diagnosis systems are now a possibility because of the relatively recent development of deep learning technologies for medical image processing. These systems can help a human expert make better decisions about a patient's health. Convolutional neural networks, or CNNs, on the other hand, have achieved imaging performance levels comparable to, if not better than, those of humans. In the paper, a Dermnet dataset is used. Image preprocessing, fuzzy c-mean-based segmentation, MobileNet-based feature extraction, and a support vector machine (SVM) classification are used for skin disease classification. Dermnet's dataset was investigated for images of skin conditions using three classes Psoriasis, Dermatofibroma, and Melanoma are studied. The performance metrics such as accuracy, precision-recall, and f1-score are evaluated and compared for three classes of skin diseases. Despite working with a smaller dataset, MobileNet with Support Vector Machine outperforms ResNet in terms of accuracy (99.12%), precision (98.65%), and recall (99.66%).


Investigation of the supermolecular structure and the possibility of controlling the processes of formation of these structures is of interest not only from the viewpoint of polymer materials science but also from the viewpoint of applying polymeric materials in different areas of engineering, and also giving them a combination of necessary properties. Polycarbonate is one of the most promising thermoplastics owing to its unique combination of characteristics: high physicochemical, optical, and dielectric properties. The worldwide production of polycarbonate exceeds 3.2 million t and is increasing every year [1]. In Russia, according to Rosstat data, in the period from January 2012 to January 2013, polycarbonate production increased by 8.5% and amounted to 44 200 t [2]. However, in a number of cases the application of polycarbonate is limited by its low cracking resistance, low resistance to UV radiation, and difficulty in processing. Polymer composites with a high specific surface are produced by using hollow microspheres, and these materials have been called spheroplastics [3–5]. In this work, home-produced hollow glass microspheres (HGMSs) were used. Foreign firms also produce HGMSs: Mineralien-Werke and Ilmenau in Germany, DuPont in the United States, and Toshiba, Fuji, and Garasu K.K. in Japan. Russian grades of glass hollow microspheres are practically on a par with foreign hollow microspheres; their comparative properties have been given fairly comprehensively by Simonov-Emel'yanov et al. [4]. Besides HGMSs, basalt fibre was used. Owing to its unique properties, basalt fibre is of great interest as a filler for thermoplastics. Basalt is non-flammable, can be used at temperatures up to 600°C, possesses high strength, soundproofing, and thermal insulation properties and biological and chemical resistance, and also does not store radiation. Basalts are not harmful to humans or animals [6]. Table 1 gives the comparative characteristics of basalt and glass fibres.


When synoptic conditions are such that anomalous propagation is possible, it becomes necessary for radar operators to carefully evaluate questionable echoes to separate precipitation from ground returns. While the case presented here is fairly clear-cut, it is sometimes difficult to evaluate properly all echoes in a large presentation. Anomalous propagation caused by superrefraction of the radar beam occurred during the early morning of June 6, 1969. Superrefraction means that the curvature of the radar beam is greater than normal, resulting in an extraordinary display of ground targets (Battan 1959). Superrefraction occurs when there is an increase of temperature and/or decrease of moisture with height. In this case, a stable dry air mass and radiation cooling created the proper conditions over the continent, while the warm Gulf Stream under the same air mass triggered convective precipitation just off shore. Figure 1 shows that the radar beam was trapped near the earth's surface along the eastern seaboard of the United States from Folly Beach, S.C., northward to at least Wallops Island, Va., the maximum range of the radar display. Figure 2 is a radar overlay which outlines the precipitation pattern illustrated in figure 1. Note that the western edge of the precipitation extends from Charleston, S.C., to just south of Cape Fear to 30 n.mi. south of Cape Lookout. This illustrates that the rather stable air mass near the coastline and over land became unstable a short distance from the coast with thundershowers occurring over the water. The tops of the thundershowers were generally 25,000 ft, and the cells were moving toward the northeast at 10 kt. Figure 3 is the surface chart for 0700 EST on June 6, 1969. An inverted trough of low pressure extends from Florida northward, just off shore, near the southeastern coast of the United States. The winds are light with a slight onshore component. Surface dew points are high


This paper analyses the features of mobile map.Through the improvement of current map information transmission model,it puts forward a kind of mobile-communication-based map information transmission model which underlines the importance of real-time information in mobile map information transmission,analyses the process of mobile map information transmission,and provides theoretical support for mobile map design.


Based on the wind tunnel test for Waiting Building of Jinggangshan Airport ,the mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficient distribution on the umbrella-shaped membrane assembled roof was studied and the applicability of quasi-steady theory is discussed by correlation analysis of the mean and fluctuating pressure on the same point with variable azimuths and on variable points with the same azimuth. Meanwhile, the probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressure coefficient is discussed and the determination of the peak factors for estimating the max positive wind pressure and the max negative wind pressure is suggested. The viewpoint that zones with different turbulivity should be distinguished is presented in this paper, and the rules which can guide global and partial wind-resistance design of general umbrella-shaped membrane assembled roofs are obtained.