Does more equal distribution of wealth corresponds to faster growth; specifically, in the era of industrialization? Does high inequality hamper the adoption of reforms that contribute to the development of the industrial sector? In the present paper, we demonstrate that the lack of consensus about the role of inequality in the long-run growth could be attributed to not considering the fundamental differences between land inequality and capital inequality, and the differential effects they exert on the process of political struggle accompanying industrialization in mostcountries worldwide. We propose a two-sector unified growth model, in which the speed of industrialization depends on the outcome of political conflict between the heterogeneous interest groups, differing with respect to capital and land ownership, over the adoption of reform of the modern sector. The growth of productivity in the modern sector is possible only if the supporters of this reform manage to overcome the resistance of its opponents in the process of lobbying their interests. The distribution of capital and land is crucial in this process since it determines the structure of agents' incomes and, hence, their political preferences and incentives to invest in lobbying for (or against) the reform. We demonstrate that higher concentration of land ownership hampers development of the modern sector, while higher concentration of capital ownership within the landless agents increases political support of pro-growth reforms and intensifies industrialization. Moreover, the strength of the latter effect is increasing with the accumulation of the aggregate capital. Finally, our model explains the non-monotonous dynamics of political conflict intensity, which corresponds well with structural changes and GDP per capita growth observed in historical data.


Abstract Context It is common sense that chewing a mint leaf can cause a cooling feeling, while chewing ginger root will produce a burning feeling. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this phenomenon is referred to as 'cold/hot' properties of herbs. Herein, it is reported that TCM with different "cold/hot" properties have different effects on the variation of cells. Objective To explore the intrinsic 'cold/hot' properties of TCM from the perspective of cellular and molecular biology. Materials and methods A375 cells were selected using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia (CCLE) analysis and western blots. Hypaconitine and baicalin were selected by structural similarity analysis from 56 and 140 compounds, respectively. A wireless thermometry system was used to measure cellular temperature change induced by different compounds. Alteration of intracellular calcium influx was investigated by means of calcium imaging. Results The IC50 values of GSK1016790A, HC067047, hypaconitine, and baicalin for A375 cells are 8.363 nM, 816.4 μM, 286.4 μM and 29.84 μM, respectively. And, 8 μM hypaconitine induced obvious calcium influx while 8 μM baicalin inhibited calcium influx induced by TRPV4 activation. Cellular temperature elevated significantly when treated with GSK1016790A or hypaconitine, while the results were reversed when cells were treated with HC067047 or baicalin. Discussion and conclusions The changes in cellular temperature are speculated to be caused by the alteration of intracellular calcium influx mediated by TRPV4. In addition, the 'cold/hot' properties of compounds in TCM can be classified by using cellular temperature detection.


Description Logics (DLs) are a well-established and popular family of decidable logics for knowledge representation and reasoning [6]. Several systems have been developed to reason over DL knowledge bases (KBs), which usually consist of a TBox and an ABox. A TBox describes the domain in terms of concepts and roles, while an ABox stores information about known instances of concepts and their participation in roles. Naturally, classical reasoning tasks like TBox satisfiability and subsumption under a TBox have received most attention and many reasoners have been devoted to them, e.g. FaCT++ [24], HermiT [22], or ELK [14]. These and other mature systems geared towards TBox reasoning have been rigorously tested and compared (e.g., JustBench [7]) using several real-life ontologies like GALEN and SNOMED-CT. A different category are reasoners for ontology-based query answering (OQA), which plays a major role in ontology-based data access (OBDA) [19]. They are designed to answer queries over DL KBs in the presence of large data instances (see e.g. Ontop [20], Pellet [21], Stardog [4] and OWL-BGP [16]). TBoxes in this setting are usually expressed in low complexity DLs, and are relatively small in size compared to the size of instance data. which makes OQA different from classical TBox reasoners. Several works have considered testing OQA systems [12, 17, 18, 23, 13]. Despite this, it has been acknowledged that judging the performance of OQA reasoners is difficult due to the lack of publicly available benchmarks consisting of large amounts of real-life instance data. In this paper we consider publicly available geographic datasets as a source of test data for OQA systems. In similar spirit, recently some benchmarks have been proposed to test implementations of geospatial extensions of SPARQL [15, 10]. The latter benchmarks are geared towards testing spatial reasoning capabilities, and cannot be easily adapted for testing OQA systems. The main goal of this paper is to describe how benchmarks for OQA systems can be created from OpenStreetMap [2] (OSM) geospatial data by employing a rule-based data transformation framework. The OSM project aims to collaboratively create an open map of the world. It has proven hugely successful and is constantly updated and extended. OSM data describes maps in terms of (possibly tagged) points, ways (geometries), and more complex aggregate objects called relations. We believe the following features make OSM a good source to obtain instance data for OQA reasoners:


Suckling rats were injected with hydrocortisone at 12 and 13 days after birth and were sacrificed for the experiment at 15 days. Alkaline phosphatase in the duodenum was detected as three activity bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while in control rats, the enzyme showed a single band. The electrophoretic pattern in hydrocortisone-treated rats was similar to that observed in adult rats. This result supports the view that the maturation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase is primarily regulated by glucocorticoids.


This paper proposes a new adaptive background extraction and updating algorithm for vehicle detection and tracking. Gray-level quantification and two attenuation weights are introduced to reduce the impact of environment lighting condition in background extraction method, two discriminant functions are employed to distinguish false moving objects and true moving objects for solving the deadlock problem of background updating. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust, accurate and powerful than traditional methods, and is simple to implement and suitable for real-time vehicle detection and tracking.


The foreign direct investment enterprises have thei r specialty when they carry out democratic management.So, the foreign direct in vestment enterprises should explore the contents and fo rms of democratic management and take various ways and flexible methods accord ing to their actual conditions.


Summary The lattice spring model (LSM) combined with the velocity Verlet algorithm is a newly developed scheme for modeling elastic wave propagation in solid media. Unlike conventional wave equation based schemes, LSM is established on the basis of micro-mechanics of the subsurface media, which enjoys better dynamic characteristics of elastic systems. But LSM is still suffering the boundary reflections and little work has been reported on this topic. The focus of the present study was to develop a special form of absorbing boundary condition based on the perfectly matched layer (PML) concept for LSM. The PML formulation is tested using a homogeneous model and the Marmousi model. The perfectly matched layer concept appears to be very well suited for LSM.


Stateoftheart of research and development for photocatalytic airpurifying coating abroad is reviewed. Preparation of this photocatalytic coating is introduced ,and its photocatalytic properties are characterized.


Abstract A facile synthesis of 4-(2-furyl)-2-substituted thiazoles by hypervalent iodine oxidation of 2-acetylfuran (1) using [hydroxy(tosy-loxy)iodo]benzene, followed by treatment of the reaction mixture with appropriate thioureas/thioamides is described.


Correction for 'Second harmonic emission from an axially excited slab of a dielectric thin-film helicoidal bianisotropic medium' by V. C. Venugopal and A. Lakhtakia (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 454, 1535–1571. (doi: 10.1098/rspa.1998.0221)). The correct form of equation (2.28d) is presented here.


This study aimed to constitute the history of Physical Education of Vivina Monteiro 1st Grade School and Professora Lourdes Costa School Group, located in the city of Ico-CE (Brazil), highlighting insertion and teaching practice in the first years of implementation. For this, we developed a research of qualitative approach of historical character, using Oral History as a technique. Thus, this study included the intertwining the oral history of two retired teachers who taught at both schools, and the analysis of documents. At Vivina Monteiro institution, Physical Education was introduced in 1976, and at Professor Lourdes Costa School, in 1982. In these schools the teaching practice of Physical Education was based in activities to improve the levels of physical aptitude and performance of motor and sports activities. These findings contribute to the historical comprehension of the Physical Education at schools in Ceara, allowing critical reflections about teachers' practice over time.


We reported a high average power of 570 W laser generated by an all-fiber superluminescent pulse amplifier (SPA) structure, operating at variable repetition rates from 0.5 MHz to 2 MHz and pulse widths from 100 ns to 220 ns.


This paper discusses three types of significant discontinuity in an Non-Radiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide: gap, cross-section shift and step. This topic has been under research and studies since the middle of the last century, but still, there are no clear suggestions how to approximately estimate the losses without designing NRD elements and using a complex mathematical apparatus for results presentation. In this paper, the proposed solution of this problem is introduced based on experimental studies that were carried out with approximation laws and using coefficients for various dielectric constants.


Objective To explore genes related to early-stage liver metastasis from colorectal cancer and provide the theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.Methods The RT2 ProfilerTM PCR Array Human Tumor Metastasis(PAHS-028A) chip was used to screen differential genes in the primary tumor and the liver metastases.Results It was found that the following genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in the primary tumors of colorectal cancer than in the liver metastatic nodules:ACTB,APC,CTNNA1,NR4A3,MMP10,CTSL1,RB1,HPSE,ETV4,GNRH1,CDKN2A,KISS1R,IL8RB,ITGA7,ITGB3,DENR,RPSA,CXCR4,MYCL1,NME2,PNN,SMAD2,4,MMP11,SRC,RORB,SSTR2,SYK,TCF20,MMP3,TIMP2,3,4 and TIPM1.The following genes were expressed higher in liver metastases than in the primary tumor:MMP9,FN1,CST7,CCL7 and MGAT5.Conclusion Screening for genes related to early-stage liver metastasis genes may provide basis for making gene chips of early-stage liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.


Using the statistics of Shanshan from 1996~2005 and the discover dates,analyzes the land use/cover status and dynamic changes during four years on temporal and spatial series.Taking Shanshan as the case,the research studies the driving forces for the landuse during the period of 1996~2005,establishes a tarnet system of driving forces factor;The paper uses the DPS statistical software to make a correlation analysis for the 13 driving forces factors,which has strong relevance with the landuse area change.Finally,the authors use the principal components analytic method to analyze the above 13 driving forces factors,which analyzes the relations between the driving forces factors and the landuse change,and attampt to point out the ecological environmental problems and some suggestions are put forward to protect ecological environment.


In the paper, the PRODYN control system of nonwoven carding and lapping equipment is introduced . Over-feeding of carding web may be reduced to the maximum extent by using above mentioned control system, so new type nonwovens with homogeneous weight and smooth surface is produced. Meanwhile, improving production speed and lowing production cost.


The deterioration of structures due to corrosion is probably the most significant factor for their damaging condition and the need for maintenance. Corrosion mechanisms depend on the environmental conditions and the geographic characteristics of the area. In this paper a condition assessment methodology is presented through an application on a deteriorated building in Cyprus. The methodology's starting point is the collection of information through Google Earth for classification of buildings in regions based on their environmental and geographic characteristics. Through this screening process, buildings in each defined region are selected for evaluation. The following steps of the methodology include testing on selected structural members for the estimation of the compression strength and the depth of carbonation. The results of the case study, are used from the responsible engineer to evaluate the current condition of the building regarding its structural integrity and the effect of corrosion. The testing data showed that the current building strength is lower than the code's requirements and that carbonation induced corrosion must be addressed to prevent further damage.


Acidic wastewater containing heavy metal ions,F-,arsenic,etc.from a copper-smelting plant can be treated by a process of first gypsification-sulfuration-neutralization using gypsum emulsion.The wastewater treated meets with national standards and can be discharged.The gypsum product quality satisfies user's requirment by acidity control in gypsification reaction process.The results show that the acidic wastewater from copper-smelting process can be effective governanced to environmental requirement by gypsification-sulfuration process.


Fruits and vegetables are considered as good source of functional foods due to their health benefits and nutritional content. Dietary constituents of fruits and vegetable are commonly available and has significant application in management of chronic diseases such as; coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes, many medicinal purposes, control of excess weight and obesity due to high fiber content present. Many phenolic compounds had been identified in garden eggplant such as; catechin, rutin, naringin, naringenin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid and anthocyanin. Health-conscious consumers generally focus on the antioxidant capacity, and the phenolic content, vitamins, carotenoids and phytochemicals. All varieties of garden egg vary in polyphenol endowed with antioxidant activity. Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in eggplants which depend on the cultivar, maturity stage and parts of the fruit. Growing conditions are also reported to significantly affect the phenolic contents. This review discussed the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different eggplant cultivars. Priority was given to green, white and dark-purple cultivars which are commonly grown in Nigeria. White and green eggplants possess higher phenolic contents when compared with dark purple eggplant which possesses higher antioxidant capacity. They contain about 92% water, 5% protein, copper (0.62mg/100g), magnesium (81.69mg/100g), potassium (87.22mg/100g), sodium (32.51mg/100g), irons (31.41mg/100g), zinc (1.41mg/100g), carbohydrate (7.2 g/100g), fibers (2.0g/100g), calcium (28 mg/100g), iron (1.5 mg/100g) and considerable amount of beta carotene (0.35 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (8 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.06 mg/100g) and thiamin (0.07 mg/100g). The species of African eggplant have nutritional and therapeutic values and can be used in the development of functional foods and these bioactive compounds are responsible for high functions of eggplants and provide antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic, antiviral, anti-carcinogenic and vasodilatory properties in humans.


The attorney-client privilege is a vital attribute of the relationship between a lawyer and his or her clients. The privilege shields written and oral communications from disclosure in litigation as well as from disclosure under the Oregon Public Records Law and similar laws. The purpose of the privilege is to permit clients to obtain confidential legal advice and to encourage candor between lawyers and clients. It facilitates compliance with the law by allowing clients to seek guidance on their legal obligations without fear that their communications with legal counsel will someday be used against them. Communications must meet certain criteria to qualify for privileged status. 1. They must be confidential. This means that attorney-client communications should not be disclosed to third parties or even others within the University who do not need to be involved in providing legal advice, as doing so can waive the privilege. It is good practice to label confidential communications as " Confidential: Attorney-Client Privileged, " to maintain them in a secure place, and to consult with legal counsel before disclosing them to anyone, even internally. 2. They must be between an attorney and a client. At the University, an " attorney " generally means an attorney in the Office of the General Counsel (OGC) or outside legal counsel retained by OGC. While there are attorneys in many other offices on campus, because they may not be authorized by University policy to provide legal advice, communications with them may be held not to be privileged. The privilege does, however, extend to communications that include non-lawyers, such as investigators or paralegals, who are facilitating the legal consultation on the attorney's behalf. Although the University, not an individual employee, is considered the " client, " communication between University counsel and employees acting within the scope of their University duties can be privileged. 3. They must be for the purpose of seeking or providing legal advice. For that reason, copying an attorney on an email or having a lawyer in the room during a meeting does not necessarily establish the privilege. It is helpful when communicating with an attorney to include a specific request for legal advice to avoid later claims that the communication was not " legal. " The privilege protects communications between attorney and client, not underlying information, so providing existing non-privileged information or documents to an attorney does not render them privileged. The privilege is " …


Administered subcutaneously, D-4F or L-4F are equally efficacious, but only D-4F is orally efficacious because of digestion of L-4F by gut proteases. Orally administering niclosamide (a chlorinated salicylanilide used as a molluscicide, antihelminthic, and lampricide) in temporal proximity to oral L-4F (but not niclosamide alone) in apoE null mice resulted in significant improvement (P < 0.001) in the HDL-inflammatory index (HII), which measures the ability of HDL to inhibit LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in endothelial cell cultures. Oral administration of L-[113-122]apoJ with niclosamide also resulted in significant improvement (P < 0.001) in HII. Oral administration of niclosamide and L-4F together with pravastatin to female apoE null mice at 9.5 months of age for six months significantly reduced aortic sinus lesion area (P = 0.02), en face lesion area (P = 0.033), and macrophage lesion area (P = 0.02) compared with pretreatment, indicating lesion regression. In contrast, lesions were significantly larger in mice receiving only niclosamide and pravastatin or L-4F and pravastatin (P < 0.001). In vitro niclosamide and L-4F tightly associated rendering the peptide resistant to trypsin digestion. Niclosamide itself did not inhibit trypsin activity. The combination of niclosamide with apolipoprotein mimetic peptides appears to be a promising method for oral delivery of these peptides.—Navab, M. P., Ruchala, A. J. Waring, R. I. Lehrer, S. Hama, G. Hough, M. N. Palgunachari, G. M. Anantharamaiah, and A. M. Fogelman. A novel method for oral delivery of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides synthesized from all L-amino acids. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 1538–1547.


Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at T = 333.15 K are reported for the four ternary systems dimethyl carbonate (DMC) + methanol + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMISE), DMC + methanol + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]), isopropanol + water + EMISE, and isopropanol + water + [Bmim][BF4] by using headspace gas chromatography. The mole fraction of ionic liquids was varied from 0.05 to 0.2. The experimental binary VLE data were correlated using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations. In addition, the excess volumes and deviations in molar refractivity data are reported at T = 298.15 K for the sub-binary pairs of the above-mentioned ternary systems. These properties are correlated with the Redlich−Kister equation. Finally, the ternary excess volumes and deviations in molar refractivity data were calculated from the Radojkovic equation using correlated binary Redlich−Kister parameters.


An FAQ (frequently-asked question) pattern consists of a question and a text document that answers the question and contains some additional remarks. As a query is similar to the FAQ's question, the FAQ's answer gives a possible answer or parts of the answer of the query. On the other hand, an FAQ's answer may also contain information not concerning with the corresponding FAQ's question but embed the answer for other questions. For a given query, therefore, the answer can be obtained from both FAQ question and answer. In this paper, we propose a framework for Internet FAQ retrieval by using spoken language query. We aim at two points: (1) extraction of the main intention embedded in a query sentence and (2) semantic comparison between a query sentence and an FAQ pattern. To evaluate the system performance, a collection of 1022 FAQ patterns and a set of 185 query sentences are collected for experiment. In intention extraction, 91.9% of intention segments can be extracted correctly. Compared to the keyword-based approach, an improvement from 78.06% to 95.28% in recall rate for the top 10 candidates is obtained.


Gold and nanogold electrodes modified with self-assembled layers composed of gold nanoparticles and organic sulfur compounds were applied for quantitative determination of dopamine and its biogenic interferents like: ascorbic and uric acids. For the novel sensor a linear relationship between the current response of dopamine at the potential of peak maximum and the concentration was found over a wide analyte concentration range in solution with a very good detection sensitivity and detection limit. It was proved that current peaks of dopamine and both ascorbic and uric acids were clearly separated from each other enabling selective detection of these compounds coexisting in a mixture in solution of pH 7.


This paper deals with the microstructures,hardness and heat treatment of the high speed steel containing high carbon and high vanadium.The results indicate there are three kinds of carbide MC, M 6C and M 2C,and the MC is principal in the steel.Adding of vanadium content not only increases the quantity of carbides,but also alters the shape of MC carbides in the steel.


BACKGROUND
The Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social program known as Surgical Encounters was created in 1996 to provide specialized medical and surgical care to the rural and indigenous population, the most marginalized group in the country, and to provide them health care at IMSS-Oportunidades rural hospitals by volunteer personnel. The aim of this paper is to describe the organization, logistics before, during and after the Encounter and the main results of operating room procedures.

METHODS
Fifty-seven Surgical Encounters had been carried out. During each encounter, three basic courses were given: The ABC of Plastic Surgery for rural medical practitioners with workshops for local dentists; Surgical Principles for Rural Nurses, and a Cardio-Pulmonary Reanimation course.

RESULTS
They included 7,700 patients who were diagnosed and 4306 of these underwent to a surgical intervention (55.9%) with a total of 5,025 surgical procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
The importance of this interaction between physicians, rural nurses and specialists at the most marginalized populations areas in the country must be emphasize as an action that lead to equity in health services.


A facile and effective approach for manufacturing poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) foams with obvious bimodal cellular structure (BCS) was proposed utilizing chain extension and batch supercritical CO2 foaming technology. Ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) as crystalline chain extender was selected to modify PBAT. The results of torque tests, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological performances demonstrated that the melt strength, viscoelasticity, and crystallization properties of PBAT were improved after introducing EGMA. The influences of EGMA content and foaming temperature on the cellular structure of PBAT foams were investigated systematically. By decreasing the foaming temperature, the size of both large and small cells in the bimodal chain extended PBAT‐3 (CPBAT‐3) foams decreased, as well as their BCS became distinct gradually. The BCS in diverse CPBAT foams was successfully controlled via varying EGMA content and foaming temperature. Finally, the formation mechanism of BCS in diverse PBAT foams was presented.


ABSTRACT Availability of good quality coals is declining. Firing of low grade coals with frequent variation of quality in thermal power stations is problematic and involves environmental pollution hazards. Low grade coals can be refined through solvent extraction. Solvent refined coal obtained through solvent extraction is a clean and high calorific value coal with a uniform quality. This has good flammability characteristics because of its high volatile matter contents and low ash contents. Batch extraction of low grade coal earn Dies obtained from two different thermal cower stations in new Delhi, in anthracene oil (a coal derived solvent) has been reported. Semi-continuous extraction of these coals by successive extraction techniques using anthracene oil (AO) followed by liquid paraffin (LP) solvents haB also been carried out and reported. Kinetic studies of the extraction of coal in AO has been performed. About 35% coal was rendered extractable through semicoatinuous extraction. The residual coals obt...


The long history of the earth and its crust is a history of uninterrupted and continuing transformation, making metamorphism the most common and most extensive geological process on this planet. Metamorphism has occurred in all epochs and is a factor in all endogenic processes: geodynamics, magmatism, and the action of intratelluric fluids. But it varies in scale, type, and mechanism, and is always combined with metasomatism - the chemical and mineral transformation of material. This paper discusses methodological principles of isotope dating, laws characterizing changes in indicator minerals, internal stability of isotopic systems, and interesting geological problems. 13 references.


1. The study investigated the effects of providing sight barriers in breeding pens on pheasant mortality, feather damage and behaviour. 2. Data were collected from 11 conventional pens (control) and 11 pens with additional sight barriers (barrier) over the course of a ten week breeding season. Each pen contained 8 males and 56 females at the beginning of the season. 3. There was a higher rate of mortality in males (6·25%) than females (2·11%) that was unaffected by treatment. 4. Feather damage increased over the breeding season and both male and female pheasants showed better feather condition in the pens with barriers at the end of the season. 5. The pheasants spent most of their time walking or standing. Providing barriers increased perching, but reduced preening. 6. The provision of sight barriers had no effect on the incidence of courtship and mating, but did reduce aggressive interactions such as pecking and chasing. 7. The study provides baseline data on the behaviour of breeding pheasants under these husbandry conditions, and suggests that barriers may improve pheasant welfare by reducing potentially harmful aggressive interactions, without affecting activity patterns or reproductive behaviour.


Bone densitometry plays a central role in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, in fracture prediction, and in monitoring treatment. However, there is still ongoing debate on the strengths and weaknesses of various techniques. In analogy to other devices that measure physically well-defined quantities, the performance of techniques used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) can be described by a few simple performance measures. For example, if in measuring the length of an object, two parameters, trueness and precision, suffice to analyze the performance of the measuring process. This is of course also true for quantities measured in bone densitometry. However, the clinical application requires further considerations, since the evaluation of osteoporosis cannot be reduced to an assessment of the physical quantities measured by bone densitometry. A clinician is not primarily interested in a BMD or a broad-band ultrasound attenuation (BUA) value itself but rather in their usefulness to diagnose osteoporosis, to predict fractures, to monitor disease progression or treatment-related changes, and, ultimately, to make decisions about treatment and further diagnostic procedures. Thus the performance measures of the physical measurement, trueness and precision, are of secondary interest clinically. More important are performance measures that characterize the three clinical tasks: diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring. Obviously, physical and clinical performance measures are not unrelated. In comparing two densitometric methods measuring identical quantities, the method with superior trueness and precision will result in superior clinical performance. However, this is not necessarily true if the two methods measure different quantities, such as BMD and SOS at the same site or BMD at different sites. Therefore, in order to assess the clinical value of bone densitometry, it is necessary to understand the technical and physical limitations of the measuring apparatus. In addition, a concept of clinical performance measures is required to compare the various densitometric methods that measure different quantities at different body locations using different physical principles. This involves reference data and requires the definition of disease and disease progression and the establishment of criteria on how to assess disease and its progression in individual patients. It is the aim of the present section to review, to categorize, and to outline limitations of clinical performance measures that have been developed for these tasks. The present section will summarize statistical concepts that are used to compare densitometric techniques but will not compare these techniques. Active research is ongoing but there is no agreement yet which densitometric variable(s) should be measured, which skeletal site(s) should be investigated, and what technique(s) should be used for a given clinical task. Throughout, the present Report will refer to a densitometric method as modality, technique, or implementation.


Objective: The objective of present study is the virtual screening of sulphonylurea analogues followed by the insilico and in vitro evaluation for its anticoagulant activity. Method and result: the method of virtual screening selected is the structure based virtual screening using Ch EMBL database. The in silico analysis was performed using auto dock tools 4.2.The docking was performed using 1TA2 (thrombin) and 1FJS(clotting factor Xa) as the binding proteins which are drawn from the protein data bank. The sulphonyl urea analogues obtained from virtual screening are allowed to dock with the clotting proteins, the binding energies and docking positions were determined using auto dock tools 4.2.the in vitro evaluation of anticoagulant activity were performed, the prothrombin time(PT) and activated thromboplastin time(APTT) were determined. Conclusion: The sulphonylurea analogues are capable of producing the anticoagulant activity.  Keywords: Virtual screening, Sulphonyl urea analogues, Anticoagulant activity, Gliclazide, glimepiride, War far in, In silico analysis.


From each of the host species (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis) three individual animals were orally inoculated with 2.0 x 105 sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Six other animals, being two from each of the host species, were kept as controls. Clinical abnormalities arising after the 3rd day post-infection were hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, prostration, nasal flowing and lacrimation. These signs were conspicuous in the taurine hosts, which also presented diarrhea, photophobia and conjunctivitis. It was possible to isolate T. gondii from blood current from all species. In taurine, from 5th day after inoculation up to the final of the experiment, the parasite was isolated from all the samples of blood obtained weekly, with exception of 14th, 35th and 6rd day after inoculation. The buffalo cattle showed parasitemia at 7th, 14th, 35th and 70th day after inoculation and the zebu cattle only at 7th and 28th day after inoculation, corresponding to the peak of temperature, in all species, but more evident in taurines. The clinical-laboratorial parameters showed that the taurine was more sensible to T. gondii than the zebu cattle and these did not differ significatively from the buffalo cattle that had apparently clinical-laboratorial normality.


INTRODUCTION The great yellow bumblebee Bombus distinguendus is one of a range of species that has declined as a result of agricultural intensification (Western Isles LBAP, 2004). Prior to 1970 the bee was more widespread on mainland Britain; it is now restricted to the Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isles, Coll and Tiree and scattered locations on northern mainland Scotland (NBN Gateway website, 2008) (Fig. 1). The sites where the bee remains are priority habitats for conservation: machair and neutral grassland. The great yellow bumblebee has been designated a Nationally Scarce species and included in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK Biodiversity Group, 1999). As the Outer Hebrides are the stronghold for this species investigations into what can be done to ensure its survival have been concentrated in this area. This study investigated farming operations and corncrake conservation sites in relation to the requirements of the great yellow bumblebee. Fieldwork was carried out in the Outer Hebrides in September 2005; whilst I was working as a volunteer for the Royal Society for the Protection for Birds. The work was supported by a grant from the Esmee Fairbairn Foundation, administered by the Glasgow Natural History Society.


This paper illustrate the optimization and use of new type of abrasive wheel hulling of Andhra toor Dal, which also would be used for the purpose of seed decorticating and pulse making. Presently Toor Dal mills are operating on very large scale and not able to fulfill the demand of Toor Dal for manufacturing Toor Dal (dal) needed for rural people. Conventional processes that are being previously practiced have a many factors which reduced the efficiency of the processes. The horizontal wheel arrangement gives maximum contact area for dehulling. Farmers currently sell their product in raw form, which produce is passed through a network of intermediaries that includes several layers of traders, processing mills, and wholesalers/retailers. Farmers are systematically exploited in this process due to asymmetries in information and inefficiencies in this chain. Ultimately, the farmer receives less than 1/3 of the retail price for processed dals. It is widely agreed that "poor market linkages", "weak infrastructure", and "many layers of intermediaries" hinder the growth of India's countryside, wherein over 2/3 of the population lives. Abject poverty is unfortunately the norm, not the exception, for the majority of Rural Indians. The creation of a small-scale dal mill and surrounding procurement & marketing capabilities would allow farmers to engage in value addition and thereby receive more equitable returns for their hard work. Beneficiaries could participate in the venture and stand to see a 15-50% improvement in incomes. All above objectives will help us to increase the efficiency of the machine. We are going to optimize this machine considering these objectives & design this mechanism with introduction of motor as prime mover. This will make it simple in construction & use for agriculture purpose with minimum cost.


Detecting Distant Planets More than 400 planets have been detected outside the solar system, most of which have masses similar to that of the gas giant planet, Jupiter. Borucki et al. (p. 977, published online 7 January) summarize the planetary findings derived from the first six weeks of observations with the Kepler mission whose objective is to search for and determine the frequency of Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of other stars. The results include the detection of five new exoplanets, which confirm the existence of planets with densities substantially lower than those predicted for gas giant planets. Initial observations confirm the existence of planets with densities lower than those predicted for gas giant planets. The Kepler mission was designed to determine the frequency of Earth-sized planets in and near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The habitable zone is the region where planetary temperatures are suitable for water to exist on a planet's surface. During the first 6 weeks of observations, Kepler monitored 156,000 stars, and five new exoplanets with sizes between 0.37 and 1.6 Jupiter radii and orbital periods from 3.2 to 4.9 days were discovered. The density of the Neptune-sized Kepler-4b is similar to that of Neptune and GJ 436b, even though the irradiation level is 800,000 times higher. Kepler-7b is one of the lowest-density planets (~0.17 gram per cubic centimeter) yet detected. Kepler-5b, -6b, and -8b confirm the existence of planets with densities lower than those predicted for gas giant planets.


This paper reviews recent developments in online and mobile banking in the United States that provide bank account holders with low-cost interfaces to manage account-to-account electronic money transfers. The paper analyzes the emerging decentralized market in which A2A money transfers are becoming available in the United States and compares it to the A2A market in other countries. The paper constructs analytical examples to explain and evaluate the structure of the emerging U.S. market and discusses possible policy actions that may enhance the use of A2A money transfers in the United States.


A 70–280 MHz 5th-order Chebyshev Gm-C low-pass filter was implemented in 0.13μm CMOS process to support both WiMedia UWB and lower rate IR-UWB applications. The filter response is accurately maintained over 4× frequency range by using unit Gm cell arrays and independent Q tuning circuit. To improve linearity of Gm-C filter in low supply voltage, a modified LC ladder topology is proposed. The ΠΡ3 performance is improved more than 10 dB compared to conventional Gm-C filter. A measured spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of more than 50 dB is maintained when the filter cut-off frequency is programmed. It occupies an area of 0.12 mm2 and consumes 21 mW under supply of 1.5 V.


The purpose of this paper is the determination of the link between analysts' recommendations and bonds' ratings. The study for this paper took 18 years and was based on a sample of 26 countries. The aim is to identify the positive relationship between the positive analysts' recommendations (buy recommendations) and the rating of bonds. Thus, a probit regression analysis was made for this purpose. Therefore, it was strongly stated that there is an intense correlation between the positive recommendation and the rating of bonds. In other words, the more the company is able to receive positive analysts' recommendations, the better is the rating of its bonds. More confirmation to the creditors' rights shields was added through our outcomes, in addition to its impact on the cost of debt.


We use density functional theory to calculate the equilibrium isotopic fractionation factors of zirconium (Zr) in a variety of minerals including zircon, baddeleyite, Ca-catapleiite, ilmenite, geik...


In the context of social transformation, the needs of society and individuals for information technology are changing, and discussions on the value and function of information technology are getting more and more attention. The purpose of this research is to clarify the value problems of the information technology curriculum and its function for nurturing students in primary and secondary schools. This research adopts content analysis and comparative research methods, which focus on the process, content selection, and implementation status of information and communication technology (ICT) in the Computing curriculum of British primary and secondary schools. This research content is based on an analysis perspective of curriculum value theory from levels of social and human development, and finally formed the analysis framework of value in information technology curriculum standards. The research results analyze reasons for changes in the value orientation and practical performance of the information technology curriculum standards in Britain to help understand trends and challenges of information technology reform in different contexts. Finally, this research finds the effects of content and value changes of curriculum standards on social and student development and puts forward conclusions for the position and value of information technology in the future of learning and teaching in the context of educational informatization.


ABSTRACTTransnational entrepreneurship (TE) is a relatively unexplored field of study. Although researchers emphasize that TE is socially and culturally embedded, research to date has not examined the role of national culture in the TE process. This study builds on Hofstede's (1980) framework of national culture and proposes that power distance and collectivism dimensions of national culture affect the TE process. We propose relationships between national culture and resource availability, opportunity recognition, venture creation and business growth in the TE process.Keywords: Transnational entrepreneur, national culture, Hofstede, dual embeddedness, bifocality.INTRODUCTIONTransnational entrepreneurship (TE) is a new phenomenon that has been gaining attention in the last few years (Porters, Guamizo & Landolt, 1999; Sequeira, Carr, & Rasheed, 2006; Urbano, Toledano, Ribeiro-Soriano, 2011). Increasing globalization, coupled with decreasing transportation and communication costs, has contributed to the abilities of entrepreneurs to conduct venture activities across national borders (Patel & Conklin, 2009). TE results from different causes and has various consequences. Some Transnational Entrepreneurs (TEs) are pushed out of their countries and into TE whereas others see opportunities in another country and are pulled into those countries to pursue opportunities. Some of them are highly skilled whereas others are not. Regardless of their background, TEs are unique in the sense that they have greater ability than entrepreneurs in discovering profitable international trade opportunities because investment information is embedded in immigrants' transnational networks. Researchers have argued that some of the benefits of TE include reduction of poverty and economic growth in the developing world, increase in bilateral trade, capital investment, and technology and know-how transfer (Robinson, 2005).TEs are immigrants who take advantage of opportunities that cross national borders and simultaneously operate businesses in their countries of origin and host countries where they engage in cross-border business activities (Portes, Guamizo, & Haller 2002; Robinson, 2005). Dual embeddedness and bifocality differentiates TEs from other entrepreneurs located in a single geographical location. TEs are embedded in at least two different social and economic arenas and they have been socialized both in their culture of origin and the culture of the country they migrated to (Drori, Honig, & Wright, 2009; Ireland & Webb, 2007; Sequeira, Carr, & Rasheed, 2009; Urbano, Toledano, & Ribeiro-Soriano, 2011).Context plays an important role in the emergence and success of TEs (Comer & Pavlovich, 2007). Researchers have identified a number of macro level factors that either encourage or inhibit TE. For example political turbulence, violence, economic disruptions, and technological developments such as high-speed jet travel, inexpensive long-distance communication have been identified as factors that encourage TE (Castells, 1996; Levitt, 2001; Roberts, Frank, & Lozano-Ascencio, 1999; Urbano, Toledano, & RibeiroSoriano, 2011; Vertovec, 1999). Although researchers recognize that TE process is "culturally oriented, culturally derived, and reliant on the specific community and relationships within which the immigrant is embedded" (Sequeira et al., 2009, p. 1026), studies that relate national culture to the TE process are scarce. This study will contribute to our understanding of the TE process by examining it from a national cultural perspective. This framework will help us evaluate how culture affects the resources available to the TEs, their opportunity recognition, venture creation decision, and TEs' venture growth, which are comer stones of the entrepreneurial process. It will increase our understanding of environmental factors that support transnational entrepreneurship, contribute to bilateral trade, and knowledge transfer as well as make international markets more efficient (Robinson, 2005). …


The Cambridge Torres Strait Expedition used photography to address two agendas, both of which were grounded in the temporal ambiguities of photography. Photography was used first as an integrated tool of anthropological investigation, particularly in the field of salvage ethnography and through "reenactment"; and second as a site of social interaction between the expedition and the Torres Strait Islanders through the exchange and display of photographs. I argue that these two agendas and their function as "history" are grounded in the temporal ambiguities inherent in photographic inscription. The first, the scientific, depended on the construction and representation of a "static" temporality; the second, the social, on active "real time," which embraced the passage of individual lives and the process of social change. My theoretical position thus addresses the complex historiographical implications of photographic inscription of histories.


Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero shot performance on a wide range of NLP tasks, demonstrating the ability to reason and apply commonsense. A relevant application is to use them for creating high quality synthetic datasets for downstream tasks. In this work, we probe whether GPT-4 can be used to augment existing extractive reading comprehension datasets. Automating data annotation processes has the potential to save large amounts of time, money and effort that goes into manually labelling datasets. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of GPT-4 as a replacement for human annotators for low resource reading comprehension tasks, by comparing performance after fine tuning, and the cost associated with annotation. This work serves to be the first analysis of LLMs as synthetic data augmenters for QA systems, highlighting the unique opportunities and challenges. Additionally, we release augmented versions of low resource datasets, that will allow the research community to create further benchmarks for evaluation of generated datasets.


A simulation framework based on the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed EHL) model has been used successfully to explain some phenomena observed in Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. However, the pad deformation model adopted in various CMP simulation frameworks, such as Winkler elastic foundation model or elastic half-space model, can not correctly describe the deformation features of pad, especially at the wafer periphery. In this study, a layered elastic theory, which can calculate the pad deformation with similar accuracy but lower computational cost than 3D finite element method (FEM), is introduced into the mixed EHL, and it is significant to predict the contact pressure distribution more accurately than existing approaches. Further, the material removal rate can be predicted accurately, it is useful for the study of the mechanism of CMP and the optimization of the CMP processing parameters.


The multifactor method has been applied for author identification. The method involves determination of the topic factor effect and authorial style factor effect. The former shows the difference in topic of the two compared samples, the latter _ the difference in authorial style features. The texts are differentiated by word length distribution. The novelty is the use of the Lehmann-Rosenblatt test to determine the topic factor effect in each sample from one and the same piece of writing by Charles Dickens. Unessential differences of the topic factor effect have been revealed in each sample within the same piece of writing for the literary works «A Christmas Carol» and «A Tale of Two Cities». The samples are homogeneous. The obtained results confirm the thematic homogeneity of Dickens authorial style within the literary works. The determined characteristics of Dickens literary style established by the Lehmann-Rosenblatt test make it possible to state that the test is efficient for identifying the authorial style features, particularly for determining the topic factor effect and authorial style factor effect. In further research the test will be used for differentiation of texts by different authors.


This paper examines in detail the seismic behavior of a type of semi-rigid composite connections best known in the international literature as Partially Restrained Composite Connections (PRCC). In addition, this paper described some efforts to promote the use of these connections for the design of low-rise buildings in Mexico City. Even when the C-PRMF system has been implemented in the codes and in real projects of the United States, the adaptation to Mexico City requires the evaluation of the local conditions such as the local seismicity, class sites, structural configurations, specifications and standards, among other variables. In order to meet this goal, analytical calibrations to experimental results of PRCC connections tested in the laboratory were performed. Thus, the influence of PRCC connections on the behavior of moment frames under local seismic loads through nonlinear static and dynamic analysis is studied. Nonlinear analysis results point out that PRCC connections are potentially applicable to low-rise special moment frames located at both hard and intermediate class sites in Mexico City.


Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin on 6- keto - PGF1a and thromboxane B2 with atherosclerosis rabbits induced by high cholesterol diet. Methods 42 rabbits were randomized into three groups. One group served as normal control group, The second group was led with cholesterol and served as atherosclerosis group. The third group (simvastatin group) was fed with the cholesterol - enriched diet in conjunction with simvastatin(Zocor) . The levels of serum total Cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TC) were estimated at the baseline, the end of 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, The extent of aortic atherosclerosis was measured by planimetry of the sudanophilic area during different phases. 6 - keto - PCF1 alpha Prostaglandins (6 - keto - PCF1a ) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) were determined by chromatometry and radioimmunoassay for assessment of function oi endothelium and blood platelet respectively. Results The examination revealed marked alteration in TC, TC and the aortic wall with the appearance of large multiple atheromatous plaques in atherosclerosis group and simvastatin group after treatment, The aortic wall atherosclerosis areas that in simvastatin group is larger than atherosclerosis group at the same phase(P 0.01) . The marked rise in TC and TC that followed 12 weeks of cholesterol feeding was significantly reduced by simvastatin compared with AS group during the same phase (P 0.05 ~ 0. 01) . Plasm 6 - keto - PGF1a and TXB2 were gradually reduced after treatment in AS group and simvastatin group, but there was not significant difference between the two groups during the same phase.Conclusions This study indicates that simvastatin may not directly affect prostacyclin and thromboxane A 2, which supports that the protection role of simvastatin on endothelium and blood platelet is limited.


Database reverse engineering (DBRE) is a process of extracting requirements from a running system. The process is carried to understand the system having least design and architecture documentation. DBRE is very beneficial when we are expanding our systems or shifting to a newer technology. Since its start, reverse engineering has given hard time to software engineers but researchers are doing a continuous effort to make the process more effective and efficient. Many frameworks and methods have been proposed in the literature; each has its inputs, limitations, assumptions and outputs. CASE tools have been developed by researchers and commercial companies, but no tool provides a complete set of features to reverse engineer a database to a conceptual schema, also a concrete formal model is missing. Few common problems arise while reverse engineering of any system using existing approaches. In this review paper we have analyzed different methods proposed in the literature, discussed their strengths and limitations. Major problems faced by the reverse engineers while using existing methods are identified and discussed. This paper will motivate the software engineers to develop a DBRE method which takes minimal set of inputs, applies least assumptions and generates better output with least or no human


The paper provides a characteristic of various types of argentiferous polymetallic ores, their placing, history of study, age, structural-material features, parameters, assessment and prospects of further studying.


The present study examined the functional lateralization of the human auditory cortex (AC) for pre‐attentive spectro‐temporal feature processing. By using high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS), we systematically modulated neuronal activity of the bilateral AC. We assessed the influence of anodal and cathodal HD‐tDCS delivered over the left or right AC on auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in response to temporal as well as spectral deviants in 12 healthy subjects. The results showed that MMN to temporal deviants was significantly enhanced by anodal HD‐tDCS applied over the left AC only. Our data indicate a left hemispheric dominance for the pre‐attentive processing of low‐level temporal information.


Low‐grade lymphomas have a 1%–3% annual risk of transformation to a high‐grade histology, and prognostic factors remain undefined. We set to investigate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) metrics in identification of transformation in a retrospective case‐control series of patients matched by histology and follow‐up time. We measured PET parameters including maximum standard uptake value (SUV‐max) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and developed a PET feature and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐based model to identify transformation status within discovery and validation cohorts. For our discovery cohort, we identified 53 patients with transformation and 53 controls with a similar distribution of follicular lymphoma (FL). Time to transformation and control follow‐up time was similar. We observed a significant incremental increase in SUV‐max and TLG between control, pretransformation and post‐transformation groups (P < 0.05). By multivariable analysis, we identified a significant interaction between SUV‐max and TLG such that SUV‐max had highest significance for low volume cases (P = 0.04). We developed a scoring model incorporating SUV‐max, TLG, and serum LDH with improved identification of transformation (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91). Our model performed similarly for our validation cohort of 23 patients (AUC = 0.90). With external and prospective validation, our scoring model may provide a specific and noninvasive tool for risk stratification for patients with low‐grade lymphoma.


The paper provides a dynamic analysis of a COGAS Propulsion Plant, including mathematical modelling and simulation, and concludes with the results of a COGAS simulation which indicates encouraging conclusions regarding the control of a COGAS plant.


Academic circles attach great importance to rural cooperative finance.But It is very weake to study rural cooperative finance of China from history.The paper is a case of rural cooperative finance in morden JiangXi,which is to analyse JiangXi rural cooperative finance system constraction,agricultural loan,its characteristics and the problems of rural cooperative finance and history inspires of rural cooperative finance development in morden JiangXi.


This paper wants to trace the presence of the country in guaranteeing the trust of its citizens to worship the Almighty God. After the presence of government regulations regarding the recognition of the flow of belief can be stated on the Identity Card (KTP), in fact, this regulation only recognizes certain beliefs. So the choice to leave the option in the column of religion is considered accurate, instead of solving the problem, the emptying is considered to be more clear if the believer does not get recognition from the state. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi, in January 2019. With the context of bissu as an adherent of the belief flow of the attoriolong, the participatory observation data collection method was used. The data obtained will be processed using Spradley's (1980) analysis technique. The names used in this paper are pseudonyms, to fulfill ethics, and research strategies. This study found that the bissu community which had nine institutions was not identified as a belief, this was due to the strong influence of the developing Islam. Also exacerbated is the definition of a highly sectarian religious definition by the state, further prolonging the polemic of the identity of beliefs for bissu.


Citronella grass oil is one essential oil which may have potential for acne control and help to relieve acne blemishes. However, formulations of aromatic oil in topical dosage forms are limited by volatility and oxidation problems. Objective: To optimize citronella grass oil solid lipid particle formulation. Methods: Factors, namely cetyl alcohol, citronella grass oil and mixed emulsifiers, affecting the citronella grass oil entrapment efficiency and the particle size of solid lipid particles (SLPs) were studied using an augmented simplex-centroid mixture design. Each batch of SLPs was prepared by a melt dispersion technique. Results: The response surface model of the percentage oil entrapment and volume distribution of particle size less than 10 µm fitted significantly to the linear mixture model with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.8539 and 0.7088, respectively. The levels of mix emulsifiers and cetyl alcohol caused a positive effect, but the level of citronella grass oil caused a negative effect on percent oil encapsulation. Verification of predicted and experimental values of the oil encapsulation efficiency indicated the adequacy of the response surface model with less than 10% predicted error. Conclusion: The predicted optimal ratio of cetyl alcohol : citronella grass oil: mixed emulsifiers to reach the maximum oil entrapment of 28.69% and volume of particle size diameter less than 10 μm of 16.42% with desirability of 0.957 was 6.77 : 4.17 : 7.60.


Let G(V, E) be a graph. A function f from V(G)∪E(G) to the set {1, 2, …, k} is called an edge irregular total k-labeling of G if the weights of any two different edges ux and vy in E(G) satisfy wf(ux)≠wf(vy) where the weight wf (ux) is equal to the sum of label of x, label of u and label of edge ux. The total edge irregularity strength of the graph G, denoted by tes(G), is the minimum number k for which G has an edge irregular total k-labeling. In this paper, we investigate the exact value of tes of triangular cactus chain graph and para square cactus chain graph. We get the total edge irregularity strength of triangular cactus chain with length r and r + 1 pendant vertices as follows: tes(TCrr+1)=⌈ 4r+33 ⌉ . Further, the total edge irregularity strength of para square cactus chain graph with length r and r pendant vertices is tes(Qrr)=⌈ 5r+23 ⌉ .


We report the characteristics of azobenzene-containing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) which are designed and synthesized for surface photoisomerization reactions. The photoreactive SAMs were composed of unsymmetrical azobenzene disulfides, in which the free volumes for photoreaction of azobenzene moieties are guaranteed by 50% dilution of dye functions at the molecular level on the surface. The photoswitching reaction was monitored in situ through the change of optical film thickness by means of surface plasmon spectroscopy. The influences of alkyl side chain length and contacting medium on the photoreaction were also investigated. The profile of the trans to cis photoisomerization reaction by UV light irradiation exhibited a clear deviation from first-order kinetics, suggesting a steric hindrance effect on the photoreaction process.


The paper presents results of an analysis of acoustic emission (AE) signals captured in the course of laser cutting of a steel sheet, and the analysis of the signals characteristic of particular phenomena occurring after the cutting process. In the course of cutting, continuous signals, which are related to the quality achieved of the laser cut, are measured. After laser cutting characteristic AE bursts in the specimen material, which are results of a thermal influence, can be detected. A relation between the AE bursts and dross formation at the lower edge of the cut is shown. The presence of dross is an important indicator of poor quality of laser cutting. The investigation on laser cutting was conducted on an unalloyed steel DC04 sheet and on austenitic stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 sheet of 1,5 mm in thickness. These grades of steel sheet are frequently used in the production of body components in the automotive industry. In this case laser cutting and welding are often used to give a final shape to functional components. The same physical mechanism in the cut formation at both steels, however, resulted in a considerable different cut quality, which was indicated by the AE signals captured after the cutting process. Further on, an application of AE measurement during laser cutting of a larger deep-drawn product, where the magnitude of residual stresses and, consequently, because of cutting, relaxation and distortion of the cut part are important, is shown.


A number of tricarbonyliron–lactone complexes have been prepared from vinyl oxirans by treatment with pentacarbonyliron. In certain cases two η3-allyl complexes were isolated from a single vinyl oxiran. Oxidation of the complexes by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in acetonitrile leads predominantly to β-lactones. The stereochemical integrity of the initial complexes is reflected in the formation of the oxidation products. Reduction of these products with lithium aluminium hydride gave the expected diols.


ABSTRACT We present a simple coarse-grained model in which each amino acid residue is represented by one coarse-grained particle for interacting protein complex. In order to determine the coarse-grained potential function of the interaction between amino acid residues, free energy profile as a function of the distance between amino acid side chains is investigated by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with thermodynamic integration method. The Langevin dynamics simulation with Gō-like model and our coarse-grained model reproduces homotetramer complex structure of GCN4-pLI and shows that interaction between hydrophobic amino acid residues promote the association of GCN4-pLI monomers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This paper introduces an innovative task focused on editing the personality traits of Large Language Models (LLMs). This task seeks to adjust the models' responses to opinion-related questions on specified topics since an individual's personality often manifests in the form of their expressed opinions, thereby showcasing different personality traits. Specifically, we construct a new benchmark dataset PersonalityEdit to address this task. Drawing on the theory in Social Psychology, we isolate three representative traits, namely Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness, as the foundation for our benchmark. We then gather data using GPT-4, generating responses that not only align with a specified topic but also embody the targeted personality trait. We conduct comprehensive experiments involving various baselines and discuss the representation of personality behavior in LLMs. Our intriguing findings uncover potential challenges of the proposed task, illustrating several remaining issues. We anticipate that our work can provide the NLP community with insights. Code and datasets will be released at https://github.com/zjunlp/EasyEdit.


The article discusses the operatic filiation of Norwid's works. On the one hand, these are forms borrowed from opera, which influenced the structure of the drama (e.g. choirs and the construction of collective scenes, solo parts of a quasi-recitative character or similar to arias, the composition of the finales of acts); on the other hand, Norwid's work was interpreted in a broad context of 19 th -century opera libretti, whose protagonist is Wanda. In addition to the produced operas ( Vanda by A. Dvořak), the legend about the Krakow princess was adapted in numerous libretti (fragments in the work by L.A. Dmuszewski, the entire libretti by G. Olizar and W. Belza, an operatic remake of the tragedy by F. Wezyk). The fact that most of these texts have never been musically elaborated encourages reflection on their borderline and indeterminate status as a literary work.


According to analysis on quality coefficient of having influences on long term using of the stay cable,it discusses on causes and protection measures of the cable destruction of the stay cable,describes from aspects of stay cable material performance,anti-corrosion technology,construction quality and maintenance,so as to improve using life of the cable.


Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) belongs to family Asteraceae (Andreson, 1987) and native to northern hemisphere chiefly Europe and Asia. It is national flower of Japan and commonly called as "Queen of the East," Guldaudi in India and mum in America. The number of species in the genus chrysanthemum varies from 100 to 200. It ranks second after rose in spray and seventh in standard type of flower production. In India during 2016-2017 the area under chrysanthemum was 20090 hectare and production of loose flower was 185240 MT and cut flower was 14930 MT of cut flower (Anonymous, 2018). Total area under chrysanthemum in Himachal Pradesh for cut flower and loose flower production is 67.01ha and 155.10 ha with annual production of 5360 lakh number of cut flower and 3102 thousand MT of loose flower respectively during the year 2018-2019 (Directorate of H.P). An experiment was conducted to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among nineteen genotypes of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for cut flower production at the experimental farm of ICAR-IARI Regional Research Station, Katrain, Kullu (H.P) for two successive years during 20172018. A wide range of variation in performance of the genotypes were recorded for various parameters and results shows that magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than Genetic Coefficient of variance (GCV) exhibiting that genotype and environment interaction. High (> 98.09%) PCV and GCV was observed for plant height, plant spread, number of stems per plant, flower diameter, days taken to flowering, duration of flowering, stem length, weight of cut stem, number of flowers per stem. Heritability estimates range from moderate to high i.e. (46.02) days taken to bud formation to plant height (98.09). Estimates of high heritability along with high genetic advance as percent GAM recorded for all vegetative and flowering parameters exhibiting the additive gene effect which could be further used for crop breeding programme. K e y w o r d s


Sponsorship and cultural patronage have often been associated with a company's non-business or philanthropic plans. They have always been treated as separate practices from the core activities of any particular business and have not been analyzed from a business perspective. Although some research has tried to highlight the role of sponsorship as a marketing tool within a business marketing perspective, not as much attention has been given to the support and involvement of companies with arts and cultural activities. Nevertheless, the Italian landscape presents some interesting challenges and trends for making sense of business investment in the arts from a business perspective. Existing models do not seem to provide a meaningful explanation as to why companies are becoming more involved with arts and culture. A new conceptual framework needs to be drawn that takes into consideration the cultural economy perspective. Such a framework needs to present business investments in the arts as a meaningful socioeconomic choice within a company value-chain and must attempt to investigate its impact in terms of economic competitiveness. The author's preliminary findings suggest the value of such a framework in the specific case of Italian companies investing and collaborating with the arts, but further research is needed to consider its application to other international contexts.


The establishment of the Immigration Assessment Authority ('IAA') and the Fast Track Processing Regime for certain asylum seekers has posed new and important questions for Australian administrative law, especially in respect of the place, scope and effect of merits review. This article considers the early and formative jurisprudence of the federal courts in relation to 'Fast Track decisions' made by the IAA. It concludes that the Fast Track process represents a novel development in Australian public law: a partial review process which is not sufficient to correct the errors of the decision-maker at first instance but which appeared for a time capable of immunising elements of the decision from appeal or direct judicial review. It is, in its intention and current operation, more than a 'targeted tinkering' with the mechanics of merits review and of migration law in Australia. It deserves attention as it commences its journey through superior courts and as the regime settles into the Australian administrative law landscape.


The bacteriostatic action of capsaicinoid on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus coli,Bacillus aeruginosus,beta-hemolytic streptococci,Staphylococcus albus and Blastomyces albicans was tested.The results show that the MIC of capsaicinoid on beta-hemolytic streptococci and Blastomyces albicans are 37.5~50 mg/L and 75~100 mg/L.The capsaicinoid has no bacteriostatic action on other test organisms.


The invention provides a data evidence obtaining system based on the Android. The data evidence obtaining system based on the Android comprises a virtual interface unit, a software data evidence obtaining subsystem and a hardware data evidence obtaining subsystem. The virtual interface unit is connected with a Linux kernel of the Android of a terminal, a virtual layer is formed between an application framework layer and the Linux kernel of the Android, and the Android using the terminal takes the virtual layer as an application of the Android of the terminal. The software data evidence obtaining subsystem is used for acquiring software data of the terminal. The hardware data evidence obtaining subsystem is used for acquiring chip hardware data of the terminal.


Design steps are outlined for maximizing the RF-to-dc power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a rectenna. It turns out that at a frequency of 868 MHz, a high-ohmic loaded rectifier will lead to a highly sensitive and power conversion efficient rectenna. It is demonstrated that a rectenna thus designed, using a 50 O antenna and lumped element matching network gives a superior PCE compared with state of the art also for lower resistive loading. By omitting the matching network and directly, conjugate impedance matching the antenna to the rectifier, the PCE may be further increased and the rectenna size reduced as it is demonstrated with a rectenna prototype measuring only 0.028 squared wavelengths at 868 MHz and demonstrating a PCE of 55% for a -10 dBm RF input power level.


Purpose – The investigation reported here aims to: adapt existing recruitment theory to add to tools available to small business recruiters for job matching; provide job‐specific scoring methods to help employers in recruitment processes; and enhance the consideration of reasonable adjustment issues in the possible employment of disabled individuals.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 32 interviews were conducted on‐site with managers to devise and test templates combining person specifications with job characteristics, based on managers' judgements of what is important. The methods devised and used are an original adaptation of repertory grid principles. Where there were disabled employees, indications of the employees' success and difficulty were elicited.Findings – A simplified derivative of repertory grid method to give a combined abilities/tasks matrix was found usable and clarifying by respondents.Research limitations/implications – The investigation was confined to hotel and leisure small to m...


T NHE basis of this frail disquisition is a plainly written manuscript of sixteen pages, small quarto, which I obtained years ago by the dissolution of the Cordes library in Geneva. It bears the promising but disquieting title Disputatio nova qua probitur mulieres non esse homines nec salvari. This, and the text, liberally embroidered with later marginal comments in a different hand, evidently were executed by a professional copyist. Under the title appears in a dissimilar, recent hand, the name "Acidalius," and below this the following legend: Haec scommata & frivolae ingenii otiosi & levissimi lasciviae a multis doctissimis theologis praesertim etiam ab Aegidio Hunnio, S. theol. doctore praestantiss., in Academia Witeb., primarie sunt refutata anno i594. The thesis that woman is of an inferior clay and therefore socially and legally negligible, was exploded long ago. Women now function in all professions, indeed even as librarians, and excel beyond measure in physical, political, and academic competition with man everywhere, some nearly abrogating their cultural state. But in spite of this robust evolution, the idea that they might not be human beings and possibly were even prohibited from salvation appears criminally anachronistic-even though no man will deny that it is entertaining by way of an experiment in eristics and in a historical setting. The little manuscript in my possession has indeed a cultural significance, even if only as a paragraph in that ever increasing volume of research aptly termed by the Germans die Wissenschaft des nicht Wissenwerthen. If it were similarly limited in a bibliological way, the present respectful tribute to my teacher and friend would never have been written. But this old disputation decidedly merits the bibliographer's attention, for it held the center of the academic stage, amidst impassioned debate, ten generations ago. The manuscript seems to be unique in our hemisphere. It consists of fifty-one theses. The first point of interest at this time is that we know it in printed form as Disputatio nova contra mulieres, qua probatur eas homines non esse, which was printed anonymously, without place and with a spurious date, in the year "MCXCV." This date, considered seriously,


This project was designed to test Mayer's multimedia theory in an elementary school to improve students' mathematics learning for low-income children. The study designed and developed two multimedia mathematics experiments in 3rd grade: 9's multiplication experiment and geometric solids experiment. The two experimental lessons were implemented in two 3rd grade classes of low-income children in the United States in January and May 2010, respectively. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data in both experiments. Both experiments found that the participating teacher and students scored very high respectively; the participating students were very attentive to multimedia mathematics instruction; and the participating students scored significantly higher in mathematics quizzes at posttest at the end of the implementation than at pretest prior to the implementation. The project has theoretical and practical implications for international kindergarten through high school education.


Accident statistics in the chemical industry (among others) show that maintenance operations are the most risk-prone This article discusses a programme undertaken at a Rohne-Poulenc site to determine why accident risks persist despite remedial action in the form of work procedures, staff training, etc. Statistical data was analysed and the work performed by maintenance operators was subject to in-depth examination. In addition, interviews were held with site managers, directors of subcontracting companies, maintenance operators, and equipment manufacturers. The study reveals how even apparently danger-free tasks can be a source of accident, and emphasizes that the organization of relationships between manufacturers, maintenance staff and subcontractors can be a determining factor in ensuring safety at work.


The study was embodied with quantitative analysis of petro-physical parameters for evaluation of Gas Reservoir using wire line Log Interpretation Assam-Arakan Basin, India, eleven permeable zone were identified in the study well, among these four zones were gas-bearing and the rest, were water-bearing zones. Relatively high resistivity, very low neutron logs and low-density log responses indicate hydrocarbon type is gas-bearing zone because of the large cross over effect than the water-bearing zone. The shale volume of these zones ranged from 4%-14% indicating a shaly sand dominating lithology and less affect the water saturation values in the gas reservoir. Average porosity of these zone ranged from 32%-37% which is within the limit for good hydrocarbon accumulation, water saturation ranges 29%-52% and permeability ranged from 73.64md575.29md which is within the ranged for commercial gas accumulation. An average Bulk Volume of Water (BVW) ranged from 0.11-0.17 was show that the reservoir consists of mainly fine to very fine-grained sandstones and more or less at irreducible water state. The study showed that the gas reservoirs are good quality for commercial hydrocarbon accumulation and production. Keywords— Petro physical Parameters, Gas reservoir evaluation, Wire line logs, interpretation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 12-10-2018 Date of acceptance: 27-10-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Conventional proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems suffer from requiring high purity hydrogen, necessitating a costly on-board hydrogen storage tank to be incorporated into the overall system design. One method to overcome this barrier is to use an on-board reforming system fueled by some sort of hydrocarbon. Unfortunately though, most fuel reforming processes generate significant amounts of impurities, such as CO and CO2, requiring a costly and complex upfront reforming system that is unwieldy for a practical system. High temperature PEM fuel cells based on acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI), are capable of operating on lower quality reformed hydrogen, allowing for a simplified on-board fuel reforming system design to be envisioned. Advances in high temperature PEM fuel cells have progressed to the point where they are now a commercially viable technology. However, there remains a lack of published literature on the performance of HT-PEMFCs operating on common reformate effluent compositions consisting primarily of H2, CO, CO2, and N2. In this work, the performance of PBI-based HT-PEMFCs are evaluated under simulated reformate compositions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


An ultrathin and low-profile metalens antenna based on chain Huygens' metasurface is proposed for 28 GHz band applications. The metasurface consists of an array series of modified dipoles etched onto a piece of the dielectric substrate, and there is a half-unit dislocation along the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis between these dipoles on top and bottom surfaces. Due to this geometry, the EM response between the pair of adjacent dislocated dipoles as a bridge links them into a whole structure, and thus, the metasurface is regarded as a chain structure. The chain metasurface has the characteristics of full transmission phase coverage, stable angular performance, and the subwavelength-scale EM manipulation ability (half the period of the unit along the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 0.215\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 28 GHz, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in free space). By utilizing these properties of chain Huygens' metasurface, an ultrathin and low-profile metalens antenna operating at 28 GHz is designed with an aperture of about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15\lambda _{0} \times 15\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a smaller F/D ratio of 0.32 compared with the usual metalens antenna. The measurement shows that the proposed ultrathin metalens antenna achieves excellent radiated performances, including the peak gain of 30.6 dBi at 28 GHz, the antenna efficiency of 40.3%, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth of 10.7%.


The Visual Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument is a baseline array 150 identical fiber fed optical spectrographs designed to support observations for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). The collimator subassemblies of the instrument have been assembled in a production line and are now complete. Here we review the design choices and assembly practices used to produce a suite of identical low-cost spectrographs in a timely fashion using primarily unskilled labor.


The structure of the 13C satellite lines in the 1H n.m.r. spectrum of trans,trans-1,4-bis(dicarbonyl-π-cyclopentadienyliron)buta-1,3-diene (I) and the dimethyl derivative (II) indicates that the fluxional process in these molecules involves mainly 1,3-shifts of the metal–carbon bonds: the n.m.r. spectrum of the monomethyl derivative (III) supports this conclusion.


The management of acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) is still under debate, especially because there are no adequate studies to support a best‐evidence treatment for this condition. Antibiotic use for AECRS has been recommended based on extrapolation of data from acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) or non–placebo‐controlled studies. This study aimed to evaluate whether antibiotic therapy modifies the course of AECRS in a randomized, placebo‐controlled study.


Harry Specht (Social Service Review 64, no. 3 [September 1990]: 345-57) presents a vigorously argued and provocatively critical analysis of the relationship of psychotherapy to social work. He concludes that psychotherapeutic intervention should be purged from social work practice: "The mission of social work requires social work to separate itself from the popular psychotherapies" (p. 346). The reason is that social work has "a mission to deal with the enormous social problems under which our society staggers," and "psychotherapy is not useful in dealing with these great problems" (p. 354). Specht's argument is conceptual, not empirical; rather than disputing psychotherapy's effectiveness in producing change, Specht argues that the kinds of changes that psychotherapy can bring about do not fall under the mission of social work. I will argue that Specht fails to show that psychotherapy is incompatible with social work's mission for three main reasons: his conception of the mission of social work is too narrow, he does not adequately distinguish the mission of social work from the means used to pursue that mission, and he fails to distinguish psychotherapy as a profession' with its own mission from psychotherapy as a technology that can be used for various missions. After analyzing Specht's argument, I will briefly indicate an alternative conceptual approach to the relationship of psychotherapy to social work. Although I disagree with Specht's conclusion, I agree with much of the framework within which he approaches his topic. I think he is right that "the relation between social work and popular psychotherapy is the most significant issue facing the profession today" and that the future of the profession depends on how this issue is resolved (p. 346). Because the issue is so important, Specht's argument is worth examining in detail. I accept the basic principle that implicitly guides Specht's analysis, namely, that psychotherapeutic interventions are appropriate to social work practice only if they contribute to the mission of social work, irrespective of their other benefits.2 I am also in sympathy with the alarm Specht expresses at the degree to which the profession has


A new burn-in procedure for a repairable component is proposed. During a burn-in period, the failed component is only minimally repaired rather than being completely repaired. This procedure is shown to be economical and efficient when the minimal repair method is applicable during a burn-in process. The properties of the optimal burn-in time b ∗ and block replacement policy T ∗ are also given.


A new approach to microstrip antennas is developed, based on a mixed analysis: transient-frequency. The solution of transient in- tegral equations by the method of moments allows one to compute the transient currents on the antenna. The Fourier transform of these tran- sient currents used in asymptotic expressions for the far field of a Hertz dipole leads directly to harmonic parameters of radiation. The rela- tive importance of spherical space waves and cylindrical surface waves and their behavior in terms of sirbstrate parameters and frequency are discussed for some cases.


The implementation of business processes with services allows applying the design principle of separation of concerns by defining, on the one hand, the specification of the business process in a model, and on the other hand, software services to support specific automated parts of the model. Both technologies and platforms for services implementation and execution have evolved considerably over the years, but is not the same for services design. The Service Oriented Architecture Modeling Language (SoaML)is a standard that allows the specification of most service concepts -by extending UML elements-and code generation from these elements. In this paper we present an approach for generating service models in SoaML and the code to support the execution of specific parts of BPMN 2.0 business processes. We extended previous work by means of adding new mappings regarding Service tasks and basic workflow patterns in orchestrations for internal use of services.


Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein (RAL), Rosh HaYeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion, was awarded the Israel Prize in Torah Literature for 2014. The award committee commented that, ''His multifaceted work is characterized by its depth, scope, well-developed logic, sharp intellect, sensitivity and imagination . . . and reflects an exceptional combination of knowledge of all aspects of the Torah and a depth of theoretical Talmudic thinking, incorporating original and creative thought while adapting to Israeli public life and dealing with the challenges of time and space.'' Rabbi Lichtenstein was born in France in 1933; after the war he immigrated to the U.S. with his family and studied with mostly European-trained rabbis. He eventually graduated from Yeshiva University and studied with the universally acknowledged intellectual leader of modern orthodoxy, Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, who subsequently became his father-in-law. After receiving his ordination, he attained a PhD in English Literature from Harvard University, and at the invitation of Rabbi Yehuda Amital, founder of Yeshivat Har Etzion, joined him as co-dean of this Yeshiva and made aliya with his family in 1971. The committee also noted that, ''Rabbi Lichtenstein's work encompasses the entire realm of Torah study: Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, Halakha [traditional religious law], Midrash, halakhic literature, and the rulings of the early and later halakhic authorities.'' But in truth, the focus of RAL's scholarship has been thousands of oral lectures in Talmud; these lectures have been transcribed by his devoted students, making up the major corpus of his work. To date, eight volumes of Shiurei Harav Aharon Lichtenstein have been published on popular and less popular talmudic tractates that nicely illustrate his comprehensive and deep knowledge of all talmudic literature. RAL is a devotee of the analytical or ''brisker'' school of talmudic study. This method attempts to discern the basic principles that are at the root of talmudic debate through the use of precise language and intellectual


A short review is given of some research topics recently developed in the framework of quantitative finance and which can be referred to the effort of adapting methods and technologies of statistical physics to the analysis of economic systems. In particular we emphasize the role of a different, new perspective, in approaching financial problems, originated within the theory of complex systems and based on concepts like universality, scaling and correlation properties. Once applied to the time evolution of prices and volatility, this approach allows for the recognition of long-range and nonlinear effects in financial time series.


According to requirements of the European child occupant restraint system regulations(ECER44),it builds the child safety seats collision performance simulation finite element model with the establishment of basket-type child safety seats and 1. 5- year- old dummy finite element model. Based on the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA simulation of the frontal-impact process,it obtains the dummy movement patterns,the dummy's head and chest acceleration during the collision course. The simulation analysis of consistency with the experimental results shows that the impact of child safety seats finite element model is correct.


Intra uterine device (IUD) migration is a rare complication of female contraception. The mechanism for this migration is still poorly understood. Its association with a bilharzian bladder is exceptional. Urinary schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in our regions. A real public health problem, it affects poor populations of farmers and fishermen. And also women when they do their household chores in infested water. Through an observation, we analyze the clinical and therapeutic aspects of the intra vesical migration of an IUD on a bilharzian bladder. The diagnosis was made on a 31 years old patient who had an IUD 1 year 3 months ago. She had presented some urinary disorders such as dysuria, micturition burns and intermittent hematuria, evolving for 3 months. A urine pellet had highlighted Schistosoma haematobium eggs. After medical treatment and sterilization of the urine, the symptoms remained. A cystoscopy was performed which found the IUD in the bladder. There followed a surgical exploration by an under umbilical laparotomy for the removal of the IUD. Migration of the IUD into the bladder and bilharzian cystitis are two distincts nosologies afections but similar clinical manifestations. In both cases, a good clinical and paraclinical analysis makes it possible to make their diagnosis and ensure adequate management.


The purpose of this study is to analyze e-service, system quality, perceived value and satisfaction for customer of Indonesian SMEs. This research was conducted by distributing 140 online questionnaires to customer of Indonesian SMEs and there were 124 questionnaires that were reversed and processed. Sampling method with snowball sampling. The test was carried out with the help of a statistical tool in the form of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square version 3. The results showed that Based on the results of the hypothesis testing, there was a positive and significant relationship between E-Service and Perceived Value. there was a positive and not significant relationship between System Quality and Perceived Value. that there was a positive and significant relationship between perceived value and e-satisfaction. there was a positive and significant relationship between E-Service and e-satisfaction through perceived value. This study found that e-service has a positive and significant impact on e-satisfaction through perceived value. There are  a positive and not significant relationship between system quality and e-satisfaction through perceived value. The novelty of this research is the correlation model of effect of e-service, system quality and perceived value on e-satisfaction of SMEs.


Cavity‐loaded piston transducers can be made to work at high hydrostatic pressure by operating the resonator in a liquid‐filled cylinder. The measured and theoretical performance of transducers of this type with various fluids is given. This paper is an extension of the work reported in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, September 1962.


1. Marine muds strongly adsorb soluble nitrogenous organic materials of plankton origin.2. Muds exert little if any direct effect upon the rates or efficiency of anaerobic bacterial decomposition of plankton materials.


This paper presents a simplified Powersim (PSIM) model for simulating and estimating the power losses due to the change in the relative position of the sun to a fixed south oriented solar panel. The proposed equation used for describing the difference between the sun-tracking system and the fixed system is validated by testing a solar panel guidance system based on data provided by Stellarium software. The results obtained when using a fixed, a single-axis and a dual-axis tracking system are compared for different energy test reports. For example, in summer time (Cluj-Napoca), when using Stellarium indications, if only the azimuth is respected, the energy production can be increased by almost 31%, and by about 35% if the elevation is respected as well. This is compared to a fixed south oriented solar panel tilted at 45 degrees.


Surface charge analysis (SCA) is a novel technique which utilizes the surface photovoltage (SPV) effect to measure depletion layer widths in silicon. It is demonstrated to be a superior alternative to capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements for the detection of ionic impurities in Si/SiO[sub 2] structures. Not only is SCA demonstrated to have higher resolution but, since it does not require the fabrication of a MOS capacitor, ionic impurity evaluations can be performed much faster than by CV and at a far lower cost. Detailed experiments and statistical analyses comparing the two techniques are presented.


In Child Abuse Intervention: Conflicts In Current Practice and Legal Theory, the author has included inaccurate references to Lynch et al vs King et al, US District Court for Massachusetts, CA 78-2152-K (filed sub nom Lynch et al vs. Dukakis et al). Because of the potentially serious ramifications of such inaccuracies and of consequent misconceptions of the case, a response is merited.
 By way of preface, let me disclaim adherence to the construct of a "privacy model" and a "medicolegal model" and to the proposition that the tenants of each are in conflict.


I NOMENCLATURE INTRODUCTION 3 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM 5 Expressions for Shallow-water Wave-Making Resistance Expressions for Shallow-water Viscous Resistance 5 15 THE RESULTS OF CALCULATION 18 Calculation of Shallow-water Resistance and Comparison with Experimental Results 18 The Results of Optimization for Wave Resistance 21 The Results of Optimization for Total Resistance 29 CLOSING REMARKS 56 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 58 REFERENCES 59


It describes the use of ion exchange strengthened glass substrates such as glass substrate and an organic molecule or a polymer composition articles, and methods for preparing such articles. These articles can be used in devices based on organic thin film transistor using electrons.