Contributors Abbreviations Introduction Mark D. Meyerson, Daniel Thiery, and Oren Falk PART I: VIOLENCE AND IDENTITY FORMATION 1 Violence and the Making of Wiglaf John M. Hill 2 Defending Their Masters' Honour: Slaves as Violent Offenders in Fifteenth-Century Valencia Debra Blumenthal 3 The Murder of Pau de Sant Marti: Jews, Conversos, and the Feud in Fifteenth-Century Valencia Mark D. Meyerson 4 Violence and the Sacred City: London, Gower, and the Rising of 1381 Eve Salisbury 5 Bystanders and Hearsayers First: Reassessing the Role of the Audience in Duelling Oren Falk 6 Scottish National Heroes and the Limits of Violence Anne Mckim PART II: VIOLENCE AND THE TESTAMENT OF THE BODY 7 Seeing the Gendering of Violence: Female and Male Martyrs in the South English Legendary Beth Crachiolo 8 Violence or Cruelty? An Intercultural Perspective Daniel Baraz 9 Body as Champion of Church Authority and Sacred Place: The Murder of Thomas Becket Dawn Marie Hayes 10 Chaucer's Clerk's Tale: Interrogating 'Virtue' through Violence M.C. Bodden 11 Violence, the Queen's Body, and the Medieval Body Politic John Carmi Parsons 12 Violence in the Early Robin Hood Poems 268 Richard Firth Green 13 Canon Laws regarding Female Military Commanders up to the Time of Gratian: Some Texts and Their Historical Contexts David Hay Conclusion Mark D. Meyerson, Daniel Thiery, and Oren Falk


Disabled Persons are one who has either legs or hands and it is duty of every individual to safeguard them. Government is helping through various schemes by supplying wheel chair etc. there is need for sophisticated vehicle for them to work in the factory by moving inside the factory premises, moving inside the house premises and office premises. The primary objective of this project is to develop a vehicle for Disabled Persons especially for people without legs. Hence extensive research was carried out to come out with this idea and its methodology by Voice of Customer and Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) analysis. Here handle bar is used with accelerator and brake incorporated. The Permanent Magnet Direct Circuit (PMDC) Motor is used in the brake drum driven by battery / solar current since this is a vehicle primarily designed for Disabled Persons, the vehicle is designed considering their disability in mind and much importance is given regarding the safety of the passenger after. Hence driver ergonomics plays a key role in the designing of vehicle for legless persons. Handle bar designed to suit both manual steering and electric steering. Chassis design and center of Gravity is calculated and the Brake is kept in the Handle Bar.


The major antigenic coding gene E2 of the earliest Chinese isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus,bovine isolate Changchun184(CC_184) was obtained by use of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR)and nest_PCR.Sequencing result showed that the E2 gene of CC_184 has 1 122 nucleotides in length,which encode 374 amino acid residues.Two prokaryotic expression plasmids,pET28a_BE2 and pET28a_BE2m,which contains the integrity of E2 and truncated E2 gene without the trans_membrane region,were contains the integrity of E2 and truncated E2 gene without the trans_membrane region,were obtained and transformed into E.coli.,followed by inducing expression of the target protein,respectively.The SDS_PAGE and Western_blot result showed that the recombinant host can express the E2 protein.The lamina scan results demonstrate that the E2 protein shared the 6.25 % and 35.7 % proportion of the gross protein of the host cell,respectively.


In this paper, a new family of Linear Dispersion Codes (LDCs) that can be decoded using a fast Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithm in MIMO systems is proposed. The basic principle of this structure is to make the LDC to have as many as possible the rows orthogonal in the dispersion matrices. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the optimum LDCs with this orthogonal structure have nearly identical bit-error-rate (BER) performances as other optimal LDCs. We develop a simplified Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithm that can significantly reduce the decoding complexity in decoding the new LDCs with proposed orthogonal structure. Simulation results show that the complexity reduction is more significant for MIMO system transmitting higher level modulation. For 2×4 MIMO systems transmitting 4 64QAM and 256QAM symbols in a block length of 4, the reductions are about 71–83% and 76–88%, respectively.


Eight weeks after his wife died from an unexpected illness, Mr. M, age 55, remains overwhelmed, disconsolate, and virtually incapacitated. Previously in good health and a successful accountant, he struggles with low mood, guilt, anxiety, and anhedonia and is troubled by feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. "My life has been turned upside down," he says. His primary care physician's support and encouragement--along with hypnotics, an anxiolytic, and antidepressants--have done little to improve his sleep and mood or relieve his emotional suffering. Mr. M has resumed work for financial reasons but returns home exhausted and demoralized, shunning the few friends who call. He has no history of a mood disorder or substance abuse. He has never expressed suicidal or homicidal ideation and shows no evidence of psychotic symptoms. He is referred to a psychiatrist for what his physician regards as a treatment-resistant depression. When a patient's symptoms seem disproportionate to apparent stressors, I call this presentation a patient's predicament: a unique, profoundly unsettling, but poorly understood misgiving that something is wrong--perhaps terribly so--and that life may never be the same again (Table, page 16). Emotional flooding typically overwhelms these patients, and they are unable to express what they are experiencing. Table Patient in a predicament? Look for these 6 clues Shows an unusual, disproportionate, or prolonged response to a distressing experience Is incapacitated by persistent suffering and misery Expresses feelings of drastic personal change, turmoil, life disruption, or hopelessness Describes feeling lost, bewildered, and helpless or shows behavioral equivalents (such as aimlessness, loss of purpose) Experiences difficulty achieving or maintaining an expected response to conventional and evidence-based treatment in the absence of psychosis Demonstrates a clinical course punctuated by noncompliance with treatment that suggests the patient may have given up or feels unworthy of relief For mental health professionals, the concept of a predicament is useful when working with patients who are moderately to severely ill or facing a life-diminishing or life-threatening illness. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Affected by a 'field of forces' I conceptualize Mr. M's unrelieved suffering as resulting from 1 or more threats--typically not fully appreciated by the patient--to important elements that undergird and sustain his sense of self. A predicament can be related to: * Eric Cassell's conception of suffering that accompanies threats to an individual's sense of "personhood" in terms of its many domains (1) * Thomas Merton's concept of emotional destabilization caused by threats to a person's "false self" (2) * William Shaver's concept of a person's fragile "illusory self" and threats to "safety zones" that protect it. (3) Patients experience a predicament as an emotional perturbation caused by something that has happened to them or is evolving from an acute loss, trauma, acute or chronic illness, unpleasant occurrence, or a recommended medical intervention. A predicament may embody multiple dimensions (biological, psychological, interpersonal, familial, occupational, spiritual, existential, economic, ethnic, and cultural). Extrapolating from a social science concept, these dimensions comprise a "field of forces"--the interplay of internal and external, proximate, and global factors--that act on an individual (Figure, page 20). These forces: [FIGURE OMITTED] * contribute to a person's sense of self and shape the manner in which that self is manifested to others--including the attending physician * do not invalidate or discount the importance of the patient's transference but may cloud it and render it less "transparent. …


Verification of Binary Floating Point (FP) Arithmetic requires robust techniques to prove compliance with Floating point IEEE Standard (IEEE Std 754-2008). This paper provides a new verification methodology that uses a constraint based random technique to generate test vectors for validating FP arithmetic instructions. The new proposal is generic and can be used to verify any software or hardware binary FP design. The constraints used in verification are written in System Verilog (SV) language and can be solved with any SV constraint solver tool. The paper provides a case study to prove the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed approach in finding bugs for Addition-Subtraction and Multiplication operations.


An apparatus, and a method, comprising: computing a measure of goodness for each of at least two dimensions of a system linked to a first state of the system and a second state of the system; computing a weighting for each of at least two dimensions linked to a studied system, the weightings describing the differences of said at least two dimensions in relation to said first state and said second state; and inferring the state of the studied system based on said measures of goodness and said weightings.


This paper proposes a new type of motor with hybrid permanent magnet material (HPMM); termed HPMM motor. The key of the proposed HPMM motor is the excitations, which combined rare-earth PM (REPM) with ferrite PM (FPM). To investigate the HPMM motor extensively, the HPMM motors with parallel magnetic circuit (PMC) and serial magnetic circuit (SMC) are designed. Because of the property difference between the REPM and the FPM, both PMC-HPMM motor and SMC-HPMM motor can offer low total harmonic distortion at high winding factor. Besides, the PMC-HPMM motor needs low consumption of REPM and offers low cogging torque, while the SMC-HPMM motor needs the extraordinary consumption of FPM, but offers little lower cogging torque. In addition, the reliabilities of both PMC-HPMM motor and SMC-HPMM motor are improved because of the single-layer concentrated winding and fault-tolerant teeth. Finally, the demagnetization of two motors has been studied, which indicates that the partial demagnetization will occur in the FPM. All these theoretical analyses are evaluated by the time-stepping finite element method.


In the title compound, C16H11NO2·C5H9NO, the dihedral angles between the maleimide and phenyl rings are 34.7 (2) and 64.8 (2)°. In the crystal, the 2,3-diphenylmaleimide and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one molecules form centrosymmetrical dimers via pairs of strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions between the two neighboring maleimide rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.495 (2) Å]. The dimers are further linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.


The a 3 F, a 5 F, and b 3 F states of Co + react with CH 3 I to form the CoCH 3 I + adduct as well as CoCH 3 + +I and CoI + +CH 3 products. The observed rates for adduct formation and methyl elimination were found to be strongly dependent on the electronic configuration of the metal ion. Under our experimental conditions (10 -5 Torr of CH 3 I in 1.15 Torr of He), adduct formation is the dominant product for the a 3 F 3d 8 ground state of Co + , with only small amounts of elimination products observed


- The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic dramatically changed daily activities globally. In the field of higher education, many universities had to carry out their functions in virtual mode. The National Polytechnic School is an Ecuadorian university, the study modality of which stayed face-to-face in more than 150 years of history. However, since the pandemic, said university had to adapt all its classes to the virtual modality. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of academic performance between students who entered to the university leveling course during the pandemic and those who did so before the pandemic. To do this, we analyzed the information of 9,267 students who entered the institution for the first time between 2017 and 2020. We carried out a Variance Analysis the factor of which was the study modality, and then we carried out a Tukey post hoc test to identify homogeneous groups. The results showed that the students who entered the leveling course in virtual mode presented an academic performance significantly higher than the historical academic performance of the students who had face-to-face classes. Nevertheless, results do not necessarily indicate that the students of that period and modality have obtained more knowledge. These findings coincide with some authors who establish that the academic performance of university students is not a reference for cognitive evaluation in all its magnitude, since this process causes the labeling of them, the subjects, and the teachers themselves, placing them in a range evaluation that can determine the capacity, effectiveness, and quality of the teaching-learning process.


We explore the exchange field dependence of the Hubbard model with a attractive, effective, pairwise, nearest neighbour interaction via the Hartree–Fock–Gorkov approximation. We derive a Ginzburg–Landau theory of spin triplet superconductivity in an exchange field. For microscopic parameters which lead to ABM phase superconductivity in zero field, the Ginzburg–Landau theory allows both an axial (A, A1 or A2) solution with the vector order parameter, d(k), perpendicular to the field, H, and an A phase solution with d(k) parallel to H. We study the spin-generalised Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equations for this model with parameters suitable for strontium ruthenate (Sr2RuO4). The A2 phase is found to be stable in a magnetic field. However, in the real material, spin-orbit coupling could pin the order parameter to the crystallographic c-axis which would favour the A phase for fields parallel to the c-axis. We show that the low temperature thermodynamic behaviour in a magnetic field could experimentally differentiate between these two possible behaviours. Further we show that this pinning could cause a Freedericksz (Frederiks) transition in bulk Sr2RuO4. (Freedericksz transitions have only previously been seen in confined geometries.) We calculate the superconducting critical temperature, TC , of ZrZn2 in the presence of non-magnetic impurity scattering from the Abrikosov–Gorkov formula. Residual resistivity experiments indicate that the transition temperature in the absence of impurity scattering, TC0 = 1.15 ± 0.15 K, while de Haas–van Alphen experiments give TC0 ∼ 3 K. We discuss this disagreement and conclude that the former estimate is the more reliable. We derive the equal spin pairing (ESP) gap equations for a ferromagnetic superconductor, which we solve for parameters chosen for ZrZn2. We show that for ESP states in a ferromagnetic superconductor, in the absence of spin flip processes, the two spin states are separate subsystems due to exchange splitting. This unique property of a ferromagnetic superconductor allows us to calculate not only TC , but also the temperature of the transition from the A1 phase to the A2 phase from the linearised gap equations. We account for scattering from non-magnetic impurities. Our results show that the observed pressure dependence of TC in ZrZn2 is consistent with ESP superconductivity mediated by a pressure independent potential in the presence of impurity scattering.


Human social analytics in the next generation will need to embrace more multifaceted representations of human behavior with more complex models. Such models will need to integrate data of disparate forms, using disparate units of measure, collected from disparate sources, at disparate scales. Next generation social scientists will also face issues related to developing methods and tools to help facilitate the collection, processing, analyzing, and visualizing of such multifaceted social data. This paper illustrates these challenges by reporting on the development of a complex model of societal well-being (an inherently qualitative construct) which blends large scale quantitative, geospatial, and temporally referenced data of disparate forms, units, sources, and scales. We then demonstrate tools and methods intended to facilitate the progression towards next generational social analytics at large scales. We conclude by discussing several open questions with regards to social analytics, including those related to ethics and privacy concerns. Keywords-human centered data science; human social analytics.


The organic integration of innovation and entrepreneurship (IAP) education and professional education (PE) is an important strategy to achieve the goal of "double first-class" construction, and it is also an inevitable requirement for the scientific development of education. This article aims to study the effective integration strategy (EIS) of PE and IAE education under the background of "double first-class" construction. This article proposes a method for the effective integration of IAE education and PE under the background of "double first-class", reasonable integration of knowledge content within professional courses, and the use of cross-professional joint mode to make the teaching resources of IAE education more advantageous and promote Sharing of knowledge resources among educational individuals. The experimental results of this paper show that under the integration of entrepreneurship education (EE) and PE, the effectiveness of EE in our school has been significantly improved, and students' interest in learning professional knowledge has also been stimulated. The quality of talent training has increased by 23%. The ability to learn professional knowledge and skills has increased by 17%.


Background and aims: It has been proposed that the expression of Fas ligand (Fas L) in tumors may play an important role in immune escape. This study was undertaken to test a 'counterattack' theory as a mechanism of immune escape in gastric carcinoma.


Acidity of Norris Brook, a mountain stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, was manipulated to estimate the effects on biotic and abiotic chemical flux during high (spring) and low (summer) discharge periods. Sulfuric acid was added to maintain the pH near 4.0 from April to September 1977. Al, Ca, Mg, and K were mobilized into streamwater with concentrations progressively increasing downstream, as a result of increased H+ concentration. Concentrations of Na and NO3 were not affected by the acidification. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations decreased downstream during periods of high discharge but did not change significantly during low flow. During storms, Al, Ca, Mg, and K increased in concentration below the acid addition as well as in the reference reach of the stream. Net flux of dissolved Al in streamwater was significant during both high- and low-discharge periods. Net flux of Al in invertebrate biomass was significantly increased only during high flow but was insignifica...


This paper proposes a development method bases on the OpenGL(Open Graphics Library) technology for folding carton system. This system function include 2-D(two-dimensional ) designing, frame designing and cartoon designing. The system also designs some different partitions cooperating with 12 different wallpaper boxes in carton designing process. Meanwhile, the system also achieves a series of effects, such as carton texture mapping, 3-D(three-dimensional) transform tools, animation operate tools, color setup, light setup and other functions, which would re-emerge a carton design more clearly.


is currently subject to a significant research interest. Attention is mainly paid to the late stage of the imbibition when a developed flow is reached and the Laplace pressure is balanced by the viscosity. Nev-ertheless, as the miniaturization of devices is reaching the nanoscale a thorough understanding of fluid flow in nanoconfinement is required. In nanofluidics, short timescales and surface characteristics dominate the flows. In this study, molecular simulations are conducted to investigate the early stage of water imbibition in silica nanochannels with heights of 4 to 10 nm. Results indicate that nanoscale imbibition is divided in three regimes. An initial regime with imbibition linearly dependent of time, where the capillary force is mainly balanced by inertia. Thereafter, a period, in which, the balance has contributions from both inertia and viscosity and, sub-sequently, a final regime, wherein, viscosity dominates the capillary force balance. Velocity profiles confirm the passage from an inviscid flow to a developed Poisseuille flow. The meniscus position as a function of time and air accumulation in front of the advancing meniscus are computed for different air pressures, the results reveal a systematic retarding effect of gas pressurization on the imbibition.


It's well-known that visual secret sharing aims at encrypting a secret image into numerous meaningless sharing images by either designing a well-designed codebook or generating random bit sequence, and reconstructing the secret by superimposing them without any computation involved. However, the traditional visual secret sharing schemes only deal with one secret at a time. In this paper, the authors proposed a multi-secret sharing scheme by random grids such that the following advantages are obtained: 1) removing the restriction of limited secret images encrypted into two cipher-grids 2) removing the problem of suffering pixel expansion, and 3) without the need of designing tailor-made codebook.


A new model of turbulence is presented. It consists in treating the turbulence as an essentially self-mixing process. The mass, momentum and energy transport is assumed to proceed along interlacing curvilinear cones. A relevant mixing field is introduced. It consists in relating to each point of space an infinite set of instantaneous velocities momentums and energies.

Into each transport equation a self-mixing term of the proper form is introduced. The closure procedures for modyfied transport equations are also discussed.


Social innovation provides a combination of social practices and needs in a specific area of action. Therefore, it leads towards satisfying needs and problem-solving techniques. Social innovation contributes to the society regarding improvement process, learning betterments, meeting new and efficient goods and services, and meeting social needs. Nevertheless, social innovation in cross-national English cultural communication motivates communities about widespread social transformation. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of social innovation, social needs, and society's capacity towards adopting such social practices on crowdsourcing translation and cross-national English cultural communication. The data was collected from actors and players of cross-national English cultural communicators. All actors and players contributed to social innovation and crowdsourcing translation in cross-national English cultural communication. However, cultural explanations have been sparse. The collected data was analyzed in SMART PLS 3. For analysis, social needs, social innovation, and societal capacity were used as independent variables. In contrast, the crowdsourcing translation (IV for cross-national English cultural communication) and cross-national English cultural communication were used as the dependent variable. The data was collected from 50 actors and players of cross-national English cultural communication.


Low orientation precision and poor universality of traditional fixture is the choke point of large-scale production of waveguide rotary joint manufacturing.A chuck based adjustable fixture and tools are designed to deal with the reliablility problem arising in machining operation of the waveguide rotary joint for multi-item and small lot-size production.Practice demonstrates that the proposed method improves greatly the efficiency and precision of the machining operation.


Linear response theory is used to obtain an expression for the chemical relaxation rate in terms of the time integral of a correlation function. The important quantity is the time derivative of the progress variable. This expression is evaluated in the finite‐temperature Green function representation. The familiar cross‐section expression for the rate constants is obtained. A similar theory for vibrational relaxation in dilute gases is presented.


"On the Frontier of Adulthood" reveals a startling new fact: adulthood no longer begins when adolescence ends. A lengthy period before adulthood, often spanning the twenties and even extending into the thirties, is now devoted to further education, job exploration, experimentation in romantic relationships, and personal development.Especially dramatic shifts have occurred in the conventional markers of adulthood - leaving home, finishing school, getting a job, getting married, and having children - and in how these experiences are configured as a set. This volume considers the nature and consequences of changes in early adulthood by drawing upon a wide variety of historical and contemporary data from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe.Accounts in this study reveal how the process of becoming an adult has changed over the past century, the challenges faced by young people today, and what societies can do to smooth the transition to adulthood.


The problem of the finite‐amplitude stability of an incompressible fluid flowing in a channel with compliant walls is studied by numerically calculating the traveling wave solutions that bifurcate from plane Poiseuille flow along a neutral stability curve in the Reynolds number, wave‐number plane. This curve is the zero‐amplitude intersection of a neutral stability surface in amplitude, Reynolds number, and wave‐number space. To determine the differences between the rigid and compliant wall flow, solutions are generated for several compliant wall models. For sufficiently compliant walls the finite‐amplitude solutions are stable to two‐dimensional periodic disturbances in the limit of small amplitude. However, the solutions destabilize as the amplitude increases. Since these stable solutions exist for such a small range of energy and Reynolds number, these calculations indicate that the process of transition for compliant boundaries is (at least for small amplitude) qualitatively the same as that for rigid...


A conductimetric method has been used to measure the ternary diffusion coefficients of calcium hydroxide–phosphoric acid in dilute aqueous solution at 25 °C. Diffusion coefficients for concentrated solutions of the electrolytes are evaluated from previously reported Gouy optical data for the related system Ca(H2PO4)2–H3PO4–water. The experimental results indicate strong electrostatic coupling between diffusive flows of aqueous Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4. The implications for dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite, the main constituent of bone and teeth, are discussed.


Using the kinetic approach, we study the impact of the charged particles dynamics due to the Schwinger effect on the electric field evolution during inflation. As a simple model of the electric field generation, we consider the kinetic coupling of the electromagnetic field to the inflaton via the term $f^{2}(\phi)F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}$ with the Ratra coupling function $f=\exp(\beta\phi/M_{p})$. The production of charged particles is taken into account in the Boltzmann kinetic equation through the Schwinger source term. Produced particles are thermalized due to collisions which we model by using the collision integral in the self-consistent relaxation time approximation. We found that the current of created particles exhibits a non-Markovian character and cannot be described by a simple Ohm's law relation $j\propto E$. On the contrary, the electric current as well as the electric field are oscillatory functions of time with decreasing amplitudes and a phase difference due to the ballistic motion of charged carriers. Our qualitative results are checked by using a hydrodynamic approach. Deriving a closed system of equations for the number, current, and energy densities of charged particles and determining its solution, we find a good agreement with the results obtained in the kinetic approach.


Part 1 Prologue: Hijarah in the Islamic tradition Z.I.Ansari refugees and international law, A.K.Pye and W.J.Brian Jr. Part 2 Afghan society: Afghanistan state and society in retrospect, M.N.Shahrani social reforms in Afghanistan in relation to neighbouring countries - interference and peace, S.Q.Reshtia Afghanistan - the ethnic dimension, A.Janata Afghan intellectuals in exile - philosophical and psychological dimensions, S.B. Majrooh the nomads' situation, an historical contrast, R.Palwal events leading up to the soviet invasion of Afghanistan, M.S. Wahidi-Wardak. Part 3 the refugees: Afghan refugees in Pakistan - the Pakistani view, S.Azhar Afghan refugees - the Afghan view, S. Kushkaki a sociocultural dimension - Afghan women refugees in Pakistan, N.H.Dupree Afghan refugees in Pakistan - definitions, repatriation and ethnicity, G.M. Farr Afghan refugees in Pakistan - the possibility of assimilation, S.Z. Khan Afghan nomads in exile - patterns of organization and re-organization in Pakistan, G.Pedersen honour in exile, I.W. Boesen Part 4 Military / Political context: War in Afghanistan - the strategic-military context, J.J. Collins Soviet strategies, Afghan refugees and Pakistan's security, M.G. Weinbaum Afghan refugees - the geo-strategic context, K.Matinuddin Afghan refugees - the geopolitical context, E.W. Anderson Part 5 Epilogue: Afghanistan and the future - many questions but few answers, E.W. Anderson.


Distribution of velocity and Reynolds stress was measured using ultrasonic velocimetry in flows of water and Newtonian water-ballotini slurries in a pressurized Plexiglas pipe. Profiles of the measured parameters were sensed in the vertical plane at the centreline of a rectangular cross section of the pipe. Reference measurements in clear water produced expected symmetrical velocity profiles the shape of which was affected by secondary currents developed in the rectangular pipe. Slurry-flow experiments provided information on an effect of the concentration of solid grains on the internal structure of the flow. Strong attenuation of velocity fluctuations caused by a presence of grains was identified. The attenuation increased with the increasing local concentration of the grains.


Namibian merger control: 1st deal of 2014 gets conditions* Namibian Competition Commission imposes conditions on mining deal The Namibian Competition Commission has given its first conditional…


ABSTRACT: This article combines the neighborhood effects and spatial mismatch frameworks into a single model explaining how geographic factors contribute to unemployment. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) data, I estimate a two-step model that separately models the effects of segregation and spatial mismatch. The first model predicts educational attainment as a function of exposure to residential segregation as a youth. The second model predicts unemployment probability as an adult as a function of educational attainment and spatial mismatch. The empirical results show that segregation does have discernable effects on educational attainment for blacks, but not for whites. I also find that spatial mismatch affects unemployment probability for blacks, but such an effect is hardly present for whites. A partial equilibrium analysis using predictions from the models shows that large changes in either segregation levels or the central city/suburban distribution of the black population would yield only moderate decreases in unemployment probability for the black population overall. Yet despite small predicted effects, these results should be viewed with caution because the general equilibrium effects of a large scale movement of blacks and whites across metropolitan space are largely impossible to predict with current data.


The desire to invest in Indonesian society including student is still very low, especially investment in the capital market. This is because of the views of the community and students who think that invesment contains risks and requires a lot of capital. In this reseacrh, the purpose to do knowing the effect of motivation and minimal capital on investment interest in the capital market in Pati Ex-residency students. The population in this research were students of the former residency of starch which included STAI Pati, IPMAFA, IAIN Kudus, University of Muria Kudus, STIKES BAKTI UTAMA, and UNISNU Jepara with a total sample of 102 students. Sampling method with random sampling technique. The method used to analyze the data is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that motivation, minimal capital has an effect on the interest of Ex-Residency Pati students to invest in the islamic capital market.


Abstract The proliferation of criminal justice programs brings new pedagogical challenges for educators who look for innovative ways to help students build lasting connections between theory, research, and practice. Prison tours are a well-known experiential learning practice in criminal justice courses. Educators have emphasized the benefits of using prison tours in providing students with first-hand knowledge of the criminal justice system, but critics have questioned their educational value, and the subjectivity of students' personal experiences are rarely considered. In this article, I use LatCrit to problematize the use of prison tours as pedagogical tools in criminal justice courses, focusing on my status as a Latinx scholar and educator. I combine counter-story telling and autoethnography to highlight my own prison tour experience. I question the educational benefits of prison tours and discuss the potential harms they can cause Latinx students who have previously come into contact with the criminal justice system.


A theoretical approach to the prediction of the performance of batch operation of affinity cross‐flow filtration (ACFF) for the separation of biomolecules is presented. The model applies general affinity theory to the ACFF system. Experiments were conducted using the affinity system of Cibacron Blue‐agarose and human serum albumin (HSA). The predictions of the model agree well with the experimental results. The slow kinetics of release of the adsorbed protein during the washing stage can be utilized to minimize the loss of this protein.


Background Adolescents may use condoms inconsistently or incorrectly, and may over-report their condom use. Biomarkers offer a potential solution to over-report, allowing interventions to target populations at risk from inconsistent condom use. This study uses a biomarker for unprotected sex to evaluate the accuracy of adolescent womens reports of condom use. Methods The sample comprised 715 African-American female participants in an HIV prevention trial who were ages 15–21, sexually active, and recruited from three urban Atlanta family planning and STI clinics in 2002–2004. At baseline, 6, and 12 months, participants completed a 40 min ACASI interview and were tested for semen Y-chromosome with PCR from a self-administered vaginal swab. Data analysis used non-parametric tests for trend and clustered logistic regression to predict self-reported pregnancy. Results At the three waves respectively 30%, 20% and 15% of participants who reported 100% condom use tested positive for semen Y chromosome. Suspected over-reporters of condom use were more likely to report being pregnant at the following wave than any other category of condom and birth control users: at wave 2, 20.4% of wave 1 suspected over- reporters were pregnant vs 14.2% of wave 1 condom never-users and 9.8% of those reporting no birth control at last sex; at wave 3, 16.2% of wave 2 suspected over-reporters were pregnant vs 11.8% of condom never-users and 10.8% reporting no birth control at last sex. Suspected over-reporters of unprotected sex were more likely to report pregnancy at the following wave, controlling for frequency of sex, condom use, and oral contraception (OR 3.95 (1.63 to 9.58), 2.64 (0.92 to 7.58)) see Abstract P2-S1.18 Table 1. Abstract P2-S1.18 Table 1 Prediction of pregnancy with logistic regression. Analysis was limited to those who participated in all 3 waves of the survey (n=560). Did not report sex past 60 days are those who participated in the wave but did not answer the question how many times they had sex in the past 60 days. Condom use in the past 60 days was imputed from condom use in the past 14 days for these individuals. Predictors of pregnancy are measured in the wave previous to pregnancy Variable OR (95% CI) p Pregnancy at wave 2  Suspected over–report 3.95 (1.63 to 9.58) 0.002  Times sex past 60 days 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05) 0.02  Proportion condom use past 60 days 0.50 (0.21 to 1.18) 0.11  Birth control pill 0.42 (0.12 to 1.40) 0.16  Did not report sex past 60 days 0.57 (0.15 to 2.17) 0.41 Pregnancy at wave 3  Suspected over–report 2.64 (0.92 to 7.58) 0.07  Times sex past 60 days 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) 0.000  Proportion condom use past 60 days 0.56 (0.24 to 1.31) 0.18  Birth control pill 0.14 (0.02 to 1.08) 0.06  Did not report sex past 60 days 1.52 (0.57 to 4.01) 0.40 Conclusions Respondents who report 100% condom use but test positive for semen Y-chromosome are at higher risk than other women. These women may be over-reporting their condom use and under-reporting their frequency of sex.


Combining contributions from engineering and medicine, we highlight the biomechanical turning points in the historical evolution of the intramedullary nailing stabilization technique and discuss the recent innovations concerning increase in bone–implant system stability. Following the earliest attempts, where stabilization of long bone fractures was purely based on intuition, intramedullary nailing evolved from allowing alignment and translational control through press‐fit fixation to current clinical widespread acceptance marked by the mechanical linkage between nail and bone with interlocking screws that allow alignment, translation, rotation, and length control. In an attempt to achieve an optimum interfragmentary mechanical environment, recent improvements considered the impact of different biomaterials on bone–implant stiffness. Another strategy considered the increase in the structural stability through the reduction of the number of movements between the different components that constitute the bone–implant system. Intramedullary nail improvements will most likely benefit from merging mechanics and fracture‐healing biology by combining surface engineering with sensor tools associated with the innovative progress in wireless technology and with bone‐healing biological active agents. Future research should aim at better understanding the ideal mechanobiological environment for each stage of fracture healing in order to allow for intramedullary nail design that satisfies such requirements.


Single crystals of KClxBr1-x mixed crystals were grown from aqueous solution. All the grown crystals were characterized by XRD and Vicker's microhardness measurement. All mixed crystals were able to index with single lattice parameter and all the grown crystals belong to hard category materials


A study of the morphogenesis of the grenadier anchovy retina was undertaken using light and electron microscopy. Five developmental stages from prelarvae 3 days after fertilization to adult fish were studied. In addition to the general morphology of the eye and retina, special emphasis was given to the development of the photoreceptors and pigment epithelium (PE). The earliest retinae showing structural features indicative of a functioning eye are pure cone retinae composed of rows of alternating long and short cones forming a transient, tesselated pattern. At this stage there is a conventional PE containing melanin. In older stages cone rows are separated by the newly formed rods and by PE wedges filled with diffusely reflecting guanine crystallites. The findings are compared with the retinae of other engraulidids and with the development of teleost retinae in general. Moreover, the observed structural changes are discussed with respect to the photic habitat conditions of these anadromous fish that move between coastal waters, estuary, and river. J. Morphol. 248:41–55, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The semiempirical diatomics in molecules (DIM) approach is used to model the potential surface for ground-state vibration of a linear I3 molecule. We use this system to explore semiclassical methods for treating quantal nuclear vibrations by computing the photoelectron spectrum of I3- which produces vibrationally excited I3 . We compare semiclassical results with full quantum calculations and experimental results recently reported by Neumark and co-workers. (Taylor, T. R.; Asmis, K.R.; Zanni, M. T.; Neumark, D. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 7607.)


During 1998 an estimated 560,000 children were in foster care across the United States. With increasing numbers of children in foster care policy-makers are concerned with permanency planning. In an effort to promote permanency planning the US Congress enacted the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 which mandated that individual states (a) develop a case plan within 30 days of a child being placed in foster care, (b) incorporate a system of review into their foster care programs, and (c) review foster care cases at least every six months. Despite the level of policy activity centering on foster care review there has been a paucity of rigorous research. This study asks 'How well utilized are foster care review recommendations by child welfare case managers and Juvenile Court judges?' Results are framed in Systems Theory, specifically Complexity Theory. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents an analysis of the contribution of various IR-attenuation mechanisms when the transmittance of oblique atmospheric tracks is being determined. It is shown that, under the conditions of an arid zone, the existing models of aerosol attenuation substantially underestimate its value in the long-wavelength section. Algorithms are developed for rapidly computing the transmittance and the intrinsic thermal radiation of the atmosphere on an oblique track, taking into account the specific meteorological conditions. Agreement with the experimental data is achieved when multimode models of the aerosol distribution in the near-earth layer are used. The transmission-calculation error has been estimated. A comparison of the calculated transmission and emission with the results obtained by means of known calculational methods is presented. A developed software complex is used in creating apparatus for monitoring the optical characteristics of oblique tracks.


The invention provides a positive electrode current collector for a lithium ion battery. The positive electrode current collector is an aluminium foil, wherein the surface of the aluminium foil is coated with silver nanosheet; the silver nanosheet is 6-10 nm in thickness; and the silver nanosheet is triangular and/or hexagonal. The invention also provides a preparation method for the positive electrode current collector, comprising the steps of (1) mixing a silver nitrate solution with a sodium citrate solution, and stirring; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution and stirring; adding a sodium borohydride solution, and stirring to obtain a mixed liquid; and (2) coating the aluminium foil with the mixed liquid, and drying to obtain the positive electrode current collector. The prepared positive electrode current collector can be used for preparing the lithium ion battery. The conductivity of the lithium ion battery prepared by the invention is greatly improved and the internal resistance is reduced, so that the temperature rise of the battery in high-current charge-discharge is lowered, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.


An indirect, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the assay of thyroid autoantibodies, particularly those directed against thyroglobulin. The method is specific, sensitive and precise, and may be automated. The results are shown to correlate well with those obtained by the haemagglutination method.


Transcription and alternative splicing are tightly controlled events that occur simultaneously during gene expression. Here, we report that Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) regulates both of these processes, and so can determine both the abundance and final composition of gene transcripts. Specifically, we found that PRMT6 can function as a coactivator for steroid hormone nuclear receptors (SHRs), but not several non-steroidal nuclear receptors (NRs). It coactivates the progesterone (PR), glucocorticoid (GR) and estrogen receptors (ER and ER) in a hormone-dependent manner in luciferase reporter assays, but not the thyroid hormone receptor- (TR), peroxisome proliferator-activated  (PPAR) or retinoic acid (RAR) receptors. A mutant PRMT6 with disrupted enzymatic activity cannot function as a coactivator, demonstrating that transcription is promoted by PRMT6-dependent arginine methylation. In addition, we demonstrated that PRMT6 is required for maximal estrogen-stimulated expression of GREB1 and PR, and progesterone-dependent expression of HSD11B2 and FKBP4 in breast cancer cells. This confirms that PRMT6 is an integral component of the estrogen and progesterone signalling pathways, and that it is not redundant with other PRMTs in its regulation of steroid hormone signalling. In addition, we found that PRMT6 co-operates with PRMT4 (known as CARM1) but not PRMT1 to stimulate estrogen-dependent transcription, demonstrating how a complex interplay between different arginine methylation events occurs during transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that PRMT6 forms a complex with ER in mammalian cells. In addition, GST-pulldown and mammalian-2-hybrid analysis demonstrated that PRMT6 interacts with Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). SRC-1 is a member of the p160/SRC family of proteins that link secondary coactivators to SHRs. PRMT6 co-operates with all three members of the p160/SRC family of proteins to stimulate estrogen-dependent transcription, indicating that PRMT6 is recruited to active promoters of steroid hormone-dependent genes by p160/SRC proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRMT6 is recruited to promoter and enhancer regions of the GREB1 and PR genes in a cyclical manner in response to estrogen. This suggests a model of PRMT6 transcriptional coactivation whereby estrogen-bound ER recruits p160/SRC proteins to estrogen-activated gene promoters and enhancers. The p160/SRC proteins then transiently recruit PRMT6, which stimulates transcription by methylating components of the transcriptional machinery. In addition to its role in transcription, we also found that PRMT6 can regulate alternative splicing. We demonstrated that PRMT6 affects alternative splicing of the endogenous VEGF, Syk, Ninein, BCCIP, THEM4 and CTNND1 genes in breast cancer cells. Amongst these splicing decisions were examples of PRMT6-dependent exon inclusion and skipping, demonstrating that PRMT6 can promote a myriad of splicing changes. The alternative splicing regulation of all of these genes was steroid hormone-independent, demonstrating that PRMT6-mediated pre-mRNA processing can occur independently of recruitment to active transcription sites by SHRs. Similar to its role as a SHR coactivator, we found that PRMT6 requires its enzymatic activity to regulate alternative splicing. This suggests that the most likely mechanism of PRMT6-mediated alternative splicing is by the methylation of splicing factors. The methylation activity of CARM1 can also regulate alternative splicing, and we demonstrated that PRMT6 and CARM1 are not redundant in pre-mRNA processing. Therefore PRMT6 is integral to multiple components of the gene expression pathway, and can direct both gene expression levels and the composition of the final protein product. In order to gain an insight into the genes regulated by PRMT6 in breast cancer cells, we combined RNA interference (RNAi) with exon array analysis. This revealed that PRMT6 can determine the transcription of SHR-independent genes, and can both activate and repress gene expression. In addition, we identified a number of novel alternative splicing decisions regulated by PRMT6. A number of genes were regulated at both the transcription and splicing levels, allowing PRMT6 to severely impact on their function. In addition, a number of genes were regulated at only one of these levels by PRMT6, showing that PRMT6-mediated transcription and alternative splicing can also occur independently. Pathway analysis revealed that genes regulated by PRMT6 at both the transcription and alternative splicing levels are over-represented by genes involved in cancer. We verified that PRMT6 promotes the transcription of the proliferative genes of NCOA4, YWHAE, ARL6Ip1 and MINA, and represses transcription of the protective genes PTEN and IGFPB3. In addition, we confirmed that PRMT6 generates the more oncogenic spliced isoforms of Syk, VEGF, CTNND1 and BCCIP, whilst identifying novel PRMT6-dependent alternative splicing of the cancer-related genes Ninein and THEM4. Therefore PRMT6 has the potential to drive tumorigenesis by activating or repressing gene transcription or modulating alternative splicing. Indeed, we found that PRMT6 is required for estrogen-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therefore this thesis identifies PRMT6 as a master regulator of gene expression that can potentially regulate tumorigenesis at a number of different levels.


There can be little doubt now, in any circles, as to the complete inadequacy of the development perspective that rose to prominence in the 1950's under the title of the "modernisation" approach and which found its main apologists in American social science (see the critique by Frank, 1970). The events of the 1970' s (Latin America, Vietnam, Angola, Rhodesia, Iran, Chile) have illustrated the importance of Marxist analysis, and its use as the ideological base of liberation movements. But increasingly, as more and more work has been produced on this particular subject so it .-as become clear that it is impossible any longer to talk of a single Marxist perspective on the issue of underdevelopment and imperialism (see Foster-Carter, 1973). Beginning with the Frank/Laclau debate in the 1960's Marxist theory has been increasingly divided within itself as to developing a coherent and practically useful paradigm. What this paper will attempt to do is to review the main body of literature that has grown up around the central theme of 'mode of production' and the process of transition between different modes, and will tentatively suggest future lines of analysis that could prove useful. In particular we will look at the work of Frank, Laclau, Rey and Dupre,


The utility model discloses a gold plaque passing detection device, which has the advantages of low gold plaque missing rate and high production efficiency. The gold plaque passing detection device comprises a bracket and a guide vane wheel group, wherein the bracket is provided with a gold plaque disc; the guide vane wheel group is arranged on the bracket; the bracket is provided with a gold plaque detection mechanism; and the gold plaque detection mechanism comprises an optical coupling assembly, a detection board connected with the optical coupling assembly and a control line arranged on the detection board. The gold plaque passing detection device disclosed by the utility model is suitable for detecting the passing gold plaque in gold plaque computerized embroidery machines.


BACKGROUND– Work output of an employee is dependent on the job satisfaction level and is an important criterion as its effect has an indirect impact on the society. A study on job satisfaction level of faculties in Government Medical Colleges would help in the betterment of the Medical Education System in India as it would bring out factors that affect the performance of medical teachers. - METHODS-- 100 structured questionnaires, based on 'The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire', were distributed among faculties, which were duly filled up by the participants and the data from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed. RESULT--According to the grade of satisfaction level, it was found that 4.4% were extremely satisfied, 21.1% were very satisfied , 37.8% were satisfied, 30% were somewhat satisfied, , 5.5% were not satisfied, and 1.2% was indecisive. CONCLUSION—Transfer, low salary, disparity in infrastructure is instigating medical teachers to join different private medical colleges.


The embodiment of the application discloses a method for webpage location in a website content management system. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining the identification information of a webpage to be located, wherein the identification information forms a corresponding relationship with the storage position of the webpage to be located in the website content management system; and locating the webpage to be located in the website content management system according to the corresponding relationship between the identification information and the storage position of the webpage to be located in the website content management system. The embodiment of the application further discloses a device for webpage location in a website content management system. The embodiment of the application is capable of increasing the speed of webpage location in the website content management system.


Existing drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease do not meet the basic requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to search for fundamentally new targets for the discovery of drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). When creating approaches to stimulate neurogenesis, such a search is promising to conduct as part of the development of a strategy for targeted regulation of intracellular signal transduction in regeneration-competent cells (RCCs). Moreover, the participation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in the regulation of the functions of the nervous tissue and neuroglial cells is known.

The aim of the work was to study the effect of the JNK inhibitor (IQ-1S) on exploratory behavior and cognitive functions in aged mice (16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice as a model of AD) in combination with the dynamics of shifts in the RCCs functioning (nervous tissue progenitors: neural stem cells (NSCs) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCPs); neuroglial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells).

The studies were carried out on male C57BL/6 mice aged 16 months as model of Alzheimer's disease. We studied the effect of the JNK inhibitor on exploratory behavior, conditioned reflex activity, and on the functioning of RCCs in the subventricular zone of the cerebral hemispheres (SVZ). NCPs and neuroglial cells of different types were obtained by immunomagnetic separation.

We observed significant changes in exploratory behavior and impaired conditioned reflex activity in aged C57BL/6 mice. The administration of the JNK inhibitor led to a significant correction of age-related behavioral and memory disorders in aged mice. At the same time, against the background of JNK inhibition-based therapy, an increase in mitotic activity and the content of both NSCs and NCPs in the SVZ was noted. However, these shifts were more pronounced in committed precursors. The phenomenon of the inhibition of NSC specialization under the influence of a pharmacological agent was also revealed. In addition, the JNK inhibitor caused an increase in the secretion of neurotrophic growth factors by oligodendrocytes and microglial cells.

The findings open up prospects for the development of JNK targeting-based approaches for the treatment of AD.


ABSTRACT This study is an exploratory investigation of students' propensity to self-select into web-based degree programs based on their preferred styles of learning. The learning styles of students enrolled in several cohorts of an accredited, web-based MBA program were compared with students in an equivalent traditional MBA program to determine if there were any differences in learning styles between the two groups, which might indicate that students with particular learning styles self-select into different types of programs. Results indicated that traditional and web-based students differed on one dimension of learning styles, with online students exhibiting a more intuitive style of learning than traditional students. INTRODUCTION Web-based education has gained in popularity in recent years and the trend is projected to continue. Recently, the Sloan Center for Online Education reported that online education is continuing to increase enrollments and is doing so at a far faster rate than higher education overall. In the fall of 2002, 1.6 million students took at least one course online and that number increased to 2.4 million in fall 2004 (Allen & Seaman, 2005). In addition to a plethora of courses now being offered online to supplement traditional brick-and-mortar programs, some universities are also offering degrees that can be completed entirely online. In these new online programs students can complete all of the coursework for a degree via the web without ever attending classes on-site. Indeed, recent data indicate that one-third of the students who take at least one course online take all of their courses in this manner (Online, 2003) and business schools are leading the trend. In 2003, 48.9% of public institutions offered online programs for a degree and the most popular web-based degree among those institutions was the Masters of Business Administration. (Kiernan, 2003; Online, 2003). These increases in MBA enrollments come at when enrollments in traditional MBA programs appear to be decreasing (Berggoetz, 2004). Teaching has moved from a bricks and mortar environment to a "bricks and clicks" one and, given the expansion of programs that can be taken entirely online, it seems that many institutions are embracing a "clicks only" model. Given that online education is new and that the enrollment trend is upward (Kyle, Reuben, & Festervand, 2005), issues regarding how individual students interact with and respond to the online environment have not been thoroughly investigated, while, at the same time, these issues are becoming increasingly important. One issue that deserves attention is the interaction of learning styles and learning environments. The online environment represents a new, untested arena for teaching and learning and it represents a different learning environment with its own challenges when compared to traditional educational approaches. In contrast to the traditional classroom environment, there has not been time yet to thoroughly investigate relationships in this new context. As a result of its relative "newness," there is a gap in the literature regarding the interaction of learning styles and the online environment for education. Given the newness of this delivery method and its growing importance to business education, our study investigates whether students who select web-based degree programs may evidence different preferred styles of learning when compared to students who choose traditional programs. WEB-BASED LEARNING Web-based learning is a relatively new phenomenon, but distance learning is not. The concept of learning-at-a-distance (DL) has been around for quite some time, in various forms, and web-based learning is but the latest, and possibly most technologically advanced, manifestation of this phenomenon. Correspondence courses were an early, low-technology version--but one that still exists--with severe restrictions on the interaction between student and instructor. …


Besides its role as a development strategy womens education has long been recognized as a crucial factor in reproductive behaviors. It is noted that education has been found to delay entry into marriage to favor a normative orientation towards smaller families and to increase awareness of access to and acceptability of contraception. This document aims to update the existing evidence on the role of womens education in lowering fertility and increasing contraceptive use in various states in India using the National Family Health Surveys 1 and 2. The effect of womens education is assessed in relation to three outcomes: children ever born (representing actual fertility); desired family size (proxy for the demand factor); and contraceptive use. Overall the findings revealed the negative influence of education on fertility. It is noted that womens education affects the ability and willingness to implement the fertility preference. Finally it is noted that there is a strong relationship between education and contraceptive use.


Controlled surface wrinkling could provide ordered and hierarchical structures in micro- and nano-meter scale. Here combined influence of out-of-plane compressive stress and in-plane substrate relief in Au/PDMS bilayer system was experimentally investigated to explore morphological evolution of surface wrinkling. Compared with single influence from out-of-plane compression or in-plane relief, the combined effect mainly reflected in two aspects: edge effect and rearrangement effect. Edge effect applied morphological change on the compressed fields near the edges, but patterns almost restored to the original shape after stress relaxation. Rearrangement effect made relaxed patterns on the rectangular convex regions to rearrange and led to the failure of shape memory effect. The results demonstrated that the combined effect could partly rearrange the original structures, which would be utilized to fabricate the complicated structures.


Tetraza-indolizines have been prepared by interaction between 5-aminotetrazole and 2-hydroxymethylene-cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone, ethyl cyclohexanone-2-carboxylate, and potassium o-iodobenzoate. The last-named substance gave a known hydroxy-benztetrazaindolizine, previously obtained by another type of method. A diethylaminoethylaminotetrazaindolizine was found to have no therapeutic action in experimental trypanosomiasis.


In this paper,an improved safe intra-task voltage scheduling algorithm using scenario detection is proposed for the energy-efficient designs of the mobile embedded real-time systems.The ranges of few parameters in the program of the task are used to describe scenarios which are detected in the process of the task execution,and some of the remaining execution paths can accurately be predicted in the on-line mode which can optimize the voltage scheduling.Furthermore,the most reasonable points in the program to detect scenarios are searched out by the proposed scenario detection point positioning algorithm.The implementing method of the algorithm is presented and the effectiveness on reducing energy consumption of the task execution is validated through the simulation studies.


The expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) was observed specifically in cells of the granulocyte‐macrophage lineage in our earlier reports. The specificity of MNDA expression for cells in the granulocyte‐macrophage lineage was reexamined in cell line established from patients with philadelphia chromosome‐positive chroni myeloid leukemia. Cell lines that expressed MNDA exhibited myeloid cell features and granulocyte or monocyte defferentiation could be induced in vitro, while cell lines exhibiting properties of very early stage cells of multipotential cells ded not express MNDA. Cells orginating from cases of burkitt's lymphoma were negative. By contrast, three Iymphoblastoid cell lines (immortalized in vitro with Epstein‐Barr virus) were weakly positive and MNDA was up‐regulated by interferon‐α (IFN‐α) treatment. As we reported previously, MNDA mRNA level in adherent monocytes is elevated by IFN‐α; in this study, we further assessed MNDA expression in in vitro monocyte‐derived macrophages. Three addditional agents (endotoxin, phytohemagglutinin, and photbol ester) and other conditions that affect function, cutokine production, defferentiation, and/of growth of monocytes were examined for their ability to alter MNDA expression. The results varied with the agent, cell type, and stage of differentiation. Changes in MNDA expression occurred slowly (hours to days), suggesting that MNDA could mediate changes realized over a long period. The results also reveal a discordance in certain MNDA Positiva cells between steady‐state levels of changes in levels of protein and mRNA indicating that the regulation of MNDA expression occurs at more than one point. Changes in MNDA expression are consistent with a role in opposing macrophage defferentiation and activation of monocytes/macrophages.


Abstract This paper tests and evaluates the best available methods for estimating the duplicated audience of pairs of television programs, pairs of magazines and television-magazine pairs. Previous research in audience duplication estimation is surveyed, and the best existing methods for some situations are found to be inadequate or nonexistent. Improved estimation methods are provided for these cases. In particular, new models are developed for estimating the duplication of audiences of different episodes of a television program, and for estimating duplication of audience within particular target markets. The various models are empirically tested using diary data from a large, national sample.


SUMMARY
Ten organic amendments were added to unsterile soil which was contaminated 14 days later with Corticium praticola and sown with lettuce seeds. Substantial increases in final stands of seedlings were obtained with grass meal, bran and wood cellulose. Corn and barley meal, linseed cake and fish meal decreased final stands; molassine meal, potato starch and peptone had relatively little effect. Seedlings grown with wood cellulose were very chlorotic and stunted.

Up to 30% of lettuce seeds sown in soil which, 180 days earlier, had been amended with corn meal and contaminated with C. praticola became colonized by the fungus. None was colonized in unamended soil or in soil amended with grass meal. Ninety days after amendment and contamination fewer seeds were colonized in soil amended with grass meal than in unamended soil. The amendment of soil with grass meal was as effective as thiram seed treatment in protecting lettuce seedlings against C. praticola and grass meal was particularly effective in reducing both the numbers of seedlings attacked and the survival of the fungus in the soil.


The auditory system adapts to reflections by suppressing them in favor of the direct sound, aiding greatly in sound localization and speech understanding in reverberation. Previous studies have shown an increase in the echo threshold over repeated exposure to a reflection pattern, and the breakdown of this effect when the pattern changes suddenly. These studies examined this effect as a low-level cognitive process. The current study gives listeners a more active role in adapting to reflections, to see if this can engage higher-level processes more durable over time. In a psychoacoustic test, listeners localized a short speech signal in the presence of either point-like or diffuse noise in a simulated room, using the Simulated Open Field Environment for simulation and playback over a loudspeaker array. In the "Block" condition, subjects heard stimuli from the same room in all trials. In the "Interrupt" condition, trials in the target room were interspersed with dummy trials from different spaces. In the "L...


Objective To explore the clinical significance of pelvic lymphadenectomy in stage Ⅰ endometrial carcinoma. Methods From 1990 to 2000, 112 patients with stage Ⅰ endometrial carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital were studied retrospectively, including 66 with radical or modified radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and 46 with radical or modified radical hysterectomy only. Results Among the 66 patients, 7 were found to have lymph node metastasis(10.6%), with 0%(0/12), 5.9%(2/34)and 25%(5/20) for stageⅠa?stageⅠb and stageⅠc respectively.The positive node rate increased with depth of myoinvasion(P0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate in special types of endometrial carcinoma was higher than that in adenocarcinoma.No significant difference in the 5-year survival rate was found between cases with lymphadenectomy and without lymphadenectomy. Conclusions The lymphadenectomy was not needed in stage Ⅰa endometrial carcinoma, yet necessary for stageⅠc and stageⅠb with high risk factors.Whether lymphadenectomy affects prognosis of stage Ⅰ endometrial carcinoma requires further study.


Uncertainty in the final mechanical characteristics of an extrusion-based additive manufacturing process is a major challenge for the field. Estimating these mechanical characteristics of the specimen during printing can save cost and resources, allowing for the application of optimization methods to correct for natural error. We propose a deep learning based computer vision approach to continuously estimate the tensile strength using recent images of each printed layer, and acting to critique the efficacy of the extrusion process. This predictive model is useful for in situ part optimization, maximizing the output prediction.


We find that real and complex Bohmian quantum trajectories resulting from well-localized Klauder coherent states in the quasi-Poissonian regime possess qualitatively the same type of trajectories as those obtained from a purely classical analysis of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In the complex cases we treated the quantum potential results to a constant, such that the agreement is exact. For the real cases we provide conjectures for analytical solutions for the trajectories as well as the corresponding quantum potentials. The overall qualitative behavior is governed by the Mandel parameter determining the regime in which the wave functions evolve as solitonlike structures. We demonstrate these features explicitly for the harmonic oscillator and the Poschl-Teller potential.


Waste mixed seashells of Perna viridis, Anadara granosa, Amusium pleuronectes, and Meretrix meretrix, as abundant, low-cost, and nontoxic calcium sources, were used as renewable raw materials in the preparation of a heterogeneous base catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil in refluxed methanol. The new mixed metal compound catalyst was prepared by mixing the calcined seashells with Zn(NO3)2 and Al2O3 in an acidic aqueous solution, followed by calcination at 500°C (ZSA-500). The ZSA-500 catalyst exhibited an enhanced surface area, dispersion, and total basicity compared to the parent calcined seashells. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield attained over ZSA-500 was 99 wt.% and dropped by 3% after five repetitive uses when the reaction was performed for 3 h at 60°C and ambient pressure with 10 wt.% catalyst and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 30:1. Structural and thermal analysis indicated that the active phases of ZSA-500 had a high stability against the glycerol adsorption as well as the phase transformation to calcium glyceroxides (Ca(C3H7O3)2).


The problem of ensuring psychological health in the process of building a career and professional growth is a significant task of scientific and practical work. Automation of business processes dictates the restructuring of not only the structure and data flows, but also imposes increased requirements on the security and stability of the employee's working condition. A person as a member of a team or an independent unit in different periods of the life cycle may experience adverse effects of sociodynamics. A feature of scientific analysis is the consideration of the problem within the framework of career growth, that is, dynamically deploying the labor process in an organization with a lot of incoming and outgoing data. The concept of "restraining mechanisms" is proposed as a way to protect the individual from the destructive phenomena of modern business on the psychological health of a person. Deterrent mechanisms are socio–psychological states, properties and processes of ensuring psychological, social, financial, mental and other security. These include the transition from one social class to another or reaching a new socio-professional and material-economic level as a result of changing jobs, the accumulation of a "critical mass" of experience that allows you to make transitions to new places of work, the acquisition of new experience of social interaction, a new level of opportunities in overcoming geographical distances, the ability to form a balance in terms of time and effort for work activities and personal time, reflection on oneself and the ongoing social processes, finding new contacts with the old former circle of communication, finding a new picture of the world, etc. Thus, the aspects of psychological security of the individual in the processes of career development are shown and the directions of its formation are proposed.


"The study of the autistic child is like the pursuit of one's shadow. It moves each time you move, and changes shape from moment to moment. It has irregular boundaries and a black interior but sometimes is ephemeral like an apparition and not there at all... Do what you will, you cannot realize half you conceive, the vision flies. Go where you may, you cannot hope to find the truth pictured in your mind. The changeless autistic child is more apt to change than all the world around him."' Nothing can describe better the feeling one is left with when studying the autistic child; the etiology is speculative, clinical manifestations and treatment are varied with some successes and failures for each type tried. Nothing seems concrete and one is left with a vagueness and many unanswerable questions to date. Autism is not a new illness as cases have been reported as far back as 1799, however, it was not until 1943, with the publication of a paper by Leo Kanner called "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact" that an account of the syndrome was given and called early infantile autism. Kanner defined autism as being an extreme aloneness and the obsessional insistence on the preservation of sameness, with secondary symptoms arising in the sphere of social and motor behaviour, and an onset in the first two years of life. He also stated five diagnostic criteria which have been found too specific to include all the forms of autism from mild to severe. In 1957 the British Working Party led by Creak provided us with workable diagnostic criteria. These criteria were made up of nine points which are summarized as follows: 1. A gross and sustained impairment of emotional relationships with people. 2. Apparent unawareness of personal identity to a degree inappropriate to age. 3. Pathological preoccupation with particular objects or certain characteristics of them without regard to their accepted functions. 4. Sustained resistance to change in the environment and a striving to maintain or restore sameness. 5. Abnormal perceptual experience in the absence of discernible sensory abnormality. 6. Acute, excessive and seemingly illogical anxiety as a frequent phenomenon: abnormalities of mood. 7. Speech lost or never acquired, or a failure to develop beyond a level appropriate to an earlier age. 8. Distortion of motility patterns.


Ticks are ectoparasites arthropods distributed worldwide that can parasitize a wide range of animals, and transmitting pathogens such as bacteria, protozoa, helminths and viruses. The species that parasitize domestic animals are the most studied due to their sanitary importance, but little is known about most of the tick species that parasitize wild animals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the ocurrence of tick's parasitism of the genus Amblyomma infesting Vine-snake (Chironius bicarinatus), Bentinho's Sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) and Puma (Puma concolor) in a zoo in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, northern Brazil. Larvae of the genus Amblyomma as well as specimens of A. ovale, A. varium and A. gaeyi were identified. Therefore, it is possible to say that these tick species are present in Manaus, Amazonas, as well as it is the first report of specimens of Amblyomma spp. parasitizing Chironius bicarinatus. The scarcity of reports of this nature highlights the need for further studies on the distribution of these arthropods in different regions and host species.


Abstract A new suboptimal control design approach for impulsive control system is proposed. It is extension of model predictive static programming for continuous control system. This approach is applicable to finite time problems with terminal constraints. Starting from initial guess control history, control is updated in iterative manner till convergence criteria is met. It is computationally efficient, hence, can be implemented online and it gives closed form control solution when control is unconstrained. Also, it does not require approximation of system dynamics. As an example problem, predator-prey (Lotka Volterra), which is a nonlinear model is considered, and simulation results are shown. System states are driven to its equilibrium point. Here fish and shark harvesting is represented in the form of impulse control. Harvesting is done in 10 equal intervals (9 times a year), whereas plots are shown for two years. It took 1-2 sec to run this algorithm.


WHAT IS THIS MAP TELLING US? Total area equipped for irrigation in Africa is 13.5 million hectares (ha) of which 11.5 million ha are actually under irrigation (Figure 1). The map shows the countries with the largest amount of area equipped for irrigation are Egypt (3.5 million ha), Sudan and South Sudan (1.9 million ha), South Africa (1.5 million ha), and Morocco (1.5 million ha). All of these countries face arid climate conditions. In Madagascar where it is more humid, rice is cultivated on about 1 million ha of irrigated land. These six countries account for almost 60 percent of the area equipped for irrigation in Africa. The regions with the highest density of irrigated land (50 percent or greater of the grid cell)1 are located mainly in northern Africa in the Nile River Basin (Egypt, Sudan) and in the countries next to the Mediterranean Sea (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya).


Lead‐tin mixed perovskites are excellent photovoltaic materials that can be used in single‐ or multi‐junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most high‐performance Pb‐Sn mixed PSCs reported to date are still Pb‐dominant. It is highly demanding to develop environmentally friendly low‐lead PSCs, but the poor film quality caused by the uncontrollable crystallization kinetics has been hindering the efficiency improvement of low‐lead PSCs. Here, a vacuum‐drying strategy in the two‐step method to fabricate low‐lead PSCs (FAPb0.3Sn0.7I3) with an impressive efficiency of 19.67% is employed. The vacuum treatment induces the formation of low crystalline Pb0.3Sn0.7I2 films containing less solvent, thus facilitating the subsequent FAI penetration and suppressing pinholes. Compared with the conventional one‐step method, the two‐step fabricated low‐lead perovskite films with the vacuum‐drying treatment exhibit a larger grain size, lower trap density, and weaker recombination loss, thus giving rise to a record‐high efficiency near 20% with better thermal stability.


The study of stock markets is a priority issue in the current context, given its contribution to economic and financial development by facilitating the transfer of resources from savings to investment. In this order, this article comparatively analyzes the hypothesis of market efficiency in the weak form of stock indices in Colombia, Chile and Peru through the application of 4 statistical tests to the series of yields in the period 2008-2014. It was found that the returns of the three markets have a unit root, evidencing the presence of informational efficiency in the weak sense. The foregoing implies, that it is not possible for any economic agent to make predictions about the prices of the shares traded in them, using only historical information of the quotes.


Of late, ZnO nanoparticles have been regarded as favourable material for designing highly sensitive and selective gas sensors owing to their striking and multifunctional features. A facile sol–gel process chemical technique was used in this study for the preparation of undoped ZnO nanoparticles. By deploying x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible near infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), we examined the optical attributes and structural characterisation of the undoped ZnO nanoparticles through a change in the concentration of the KOH solution. The typical peaks inspected in the XRD spectrum corroborate the wurtzite hexagonal arrangement in the undoped ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles possess a non-agglomerated crystalline with spherical morphology, as acquired by TEM. In addition, the vibrational modes in FTIR spectra vary with the change of concentration of KOH solution in ZnO NPs. The Raman spectroscopic techniques were used to characterise the ZnO nanoparticles, which revealed their nanocrystalline nature.


The advent of the time-stretch technology, together with the high-speed photodetector, enables ultrafast spectrum analysis in the form of spectro-temporal analyzer, such as the amplified dispersive Fourier transform (ADFT) and the parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA). Leveraging the MHz to GHz frame rate, such a spectro-temporal analyzer is capable of observing certain ultrafast or non-repetitive events, such as the birth of mode-locking. However, since it always requires a large amount of dispersion, the spectral accuracy will be greatly degraded by the temporal instability, including the temperature-induced timing jitter and the cavity-induced frequency jitter, which hinder the practical application of such an ultrafast spectroscopy technique. To enhance the temporal stability and thereby spectral accuracy, two active control schemes are introduced here: the temperature feedback control for the long fiber link, and the phase-locked loop for the short laser cavity. As a result, the temporal stability is greatly enhanced, and the spectral accuracy is improved from 1.6 to 0.04 nm over a 5-h period of time. This stabilization process is an essential step for the practical application of spectro-temporal analyzers, such as the ADFT and particularly the PASTA.


Energy-saving buildings have been constructed based on the German energy-saving passive building codes in China these years. However, the energy-saving system of passive building may not suitable for the hot-in-summer and cold-in-winter district in China. In this regard, researches and applications of the external heat-preservation technique using building walls is presented. Furthermore, the comparison between the simulation of energy-saving and pertinent data from engineering application is also shown in this paper. The investigations reveal that it is not advisable to adopt the existing passive building for the hot-in-summer and cold-in-winter area in China based on the German energy-saving codes using external walls. The study suggests that heat transfer index of the energy-saving buildings needs more investigations according to different climate divisions.


New light-emitting diode technology offers significant promise for reducing energy usage in lighting and display applications. This paper introduces light-emitting diodes, sets their performance in context and predicts how an ultimate reduction of up to 15% of our total electricity consumption could be achieved if light-emitting diodes were to replace existing forms of household, commercial and street lighting. This would be achieved not only through the increased luminous efficacy of light-emitting diode light sources, but also by increasing the power factor of the entire lighting unit and by introducing control systems that take advantage of the long-lasting, fully dimmable nature of light-emitting diodes. However, the high cost of light-emitting-diode-based lighting is the main barrier to widespread consumer uptake. Consequently, this paper outlines routes towards improved performance and lower costs, both for light-emitting diodes and the units they are built into. Because light-emitting diode lightin...


The existence of silicite, a new allotrope of silicon based on a stacking of hexagonal silicene planes, is one of the most discussed topics in the field of two-dimensional materials. Using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD), we have followed the in situ growth of Si films on Ag(1 1 1) in the low-temperature growth regime (510–520 K). GIXD experiments demonstrate that Si films have a diamond-like structure, with an average lattice constant slightly different from that of bulk Si. The diffracted intensities associated with Si films are well reproduced by the Ag/Si(1 1 1) (3×3)R30° honeycomb chain model, whereas models with Ag-free Si surfaces fail to reproduce the experimental data.


Introduction: The current growth that has had the feminine football demands a greater technical perfection, therefore, to have a correct development, one of the essential components that it is necessary to to bear in mind in the programs of formation is the propiocepción, since it consists of the integration of sensitive stimuli of the system in


SUMMARY An analytical study of self-critical nuclear pumped laser system concepts was performed. Primary emphasis was placed on reactor concepts employing gaseous uranium hexafluoride (m6) as the fissionable material. Relationships were developed between the key reactor design parameters including reactor power level, critical mass, neutron flux level, reactor size, operating pressure, and UF6 optical prop- erties. The results were used to select a reference conceptual laser system con- figuration. In the reference configuration, the 3.2 m3 lasing volume is surrounded by a graphite internal moderator and a region of heavy water. Results of neutronics cal- culations yield a critical mass of 4.9 kg U235 in the form of 235m6. The configu- ration appears capable of operating in a continuous steady-state mode. The average gas temperature in the core is 600 K and the UF6 partial pressure within the lasing volume is 0.34 atm,' Laser transitions requiring average fission power densities less than approximately 103 W/cm3 for excitation are most attractive. Operation at wave- lengths greater than approximately 400 nm may be required because of limitations imposed by the opacity of gaseous UF6. Further research directed toward identifica- tion of UF6 compatible lasing transitions is recommended. 1 1 atm = 1.013 x lo5 Pa.


The constraint provided by a set of sentence contexts was determined by the extent of agreement of completions produced by a group of hearing college students. Prelingually deaf college students given the same set of contexts produced completions that were similar in pattern to those of the hearing subjects: more highly constrained contexts produced more consistent responses, and 71% of the "primary" (most likely) responses were identical for the two groups. Most (86%) of the responses of the deaf students were syntactically and semantically appropriate for the context. Inappropriate responses were no more likely for less constrained sentences, suggesting that the deaf did not depend on stereotypic word sequences to produce acceptable responses. It was concluded that the sentence comprehension task was tapping similar linguistic and semantic skills in hearing and deaf students.


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of azithromycin (AZM) 1% ophthalmic solution in DuraSite® (AzaSite®) on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in vitro.

METHODS
Susceptible and resistant clinical strains (n = 8) of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were challenged with serial dilutions of AzaSite® and its components: AZM, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and the DuraSite drug delivery vehicle. After 20 h of incubation, bacterial growth was quantified using a spectrophotometer (A = 600 nm). Plates were stained with crystal violet and biofilm formation was quantified spectrophotometrically at A = 590 nm.

RESULTS
AzaSite® and AZM inhibited bacterial growth (P < 0.05) and biofilm formation (P < 0.05) in AZM-susceptible strains at all studied dilutions. AZM-resistant strains treated with AzaSite® exhibited a significant reduction in biofilm formation (P < 0.05) at subinhibitory concentrations (1.25%-5%). AZM had no effect on bacterial growth in resistant strains but conferred a small reduction in biofilm formation at concentrations from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL in most strains. DuraSite® inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations between 10% and 2.5% in all studied strains (P < 0.05), without affecting bacterial growth. BAK inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation in all strains between concentrations of 0.042 and 0.375 mg/mL (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
AzaSite®, AZM, or BAK prevented biofilm formation by inhibiting growth of AZM-susceptible strains. AzaSite®, AZM, and DuraSite® also reduced biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations for growth. Our data indicate that AZM has a moderate inhibitory effect on biofilm formation, whereas DuraSite® appears to play a greater role in the inhibition of staphylococcal biofilm formation by AzaSite®.


Since 1988 the argon content in underground water has been
measured at the Morosnaya well, in the Kamchatka peninsula, with a sampling frequency of three days. In the same well other gases and ions dissolved in water are measured, together with flow rate, pH and temperature. The most active
seismogenetic area in Kamchatka is that located offshore, along the south-eastern coast of the peninsula. The strongest earthquakes in this area occurred on March 2,
1992 (M47.1), November 13, 1993 (M47.0) and June 21, 1996 (M47.1), within a distance of 200 km from the well. The focal depth of the earthquakes of 1992 and 1993 was 20 and 40 km, respectively. The earthquake which occurred in 1996 was very shallow; a focal depth of few kilometres was estimated. No anomalies in the argon or other dissolved gas concentration were observed on the occasion of 1992 and 1993
earthquakes; on the other hand, a very clear preseismic anomaly appeared in the concentration of argon and nitrogen on the occasion of the 1996 earthquake. The behaviour of the ion content was opposite; no anomaly on the occasion of the last earthquake and clear preseismic anomalies on the occasion of the two former earthquakes appeared. A possible explanation of the quoted behaviour of dissolved gases and ions in groundwater according to the different focal depth of the subsequent earthquakes is presented.


The turbulence intensity in wall jets, laid on a convex surface due to the Coanda effect, is determined on the basis of the geometric and kinematic analysis. The obtained maximum turbulence intensity in a section corresponds to the known experimental data. It was revealed that the known Coanda effect phenomenon – reduced turbulence intensity – is caused by medium-scale and small-scale vortices.


to military and political action is unclear. while the media reporting surveyed showed there were problems and danger on the horizon, it is apparent in the work that the stories and associated knowledge were unlikely to have compelled more vigorous or alternate action by policy makers. it leaves the question, would more intense, more consistent or more sensational coverage have compelled greater action? From the reporting surveyed by Soderlund and Briggs it is clear that there were conflict dynamics and structures existing in South Sudan but what to do and when remained unclear. The work provides a valuable entry point into South Sudan politics as well as an understanding of the role of the media in conflict. it sets up a number of important questions that need deeper research in the South Sudan and other cases. overall, it is an important contribution to the discourse on how the media influences humanitarian intervention and international action in conflicts. it further raises the spectre of what humanitarian intervention should occur in the face of knowing and reasonably anticipating violence and atrocity.


In the first part of the thesis a problem for the nonlinear diffusion equation with diffusion coefficient a function of concentration, which is reduced by a similarity substitution to a boundary value problem for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, is considered. Existence of a solution with certain upper and lower bounds is demonstrated for diffusion coefficient piecewise continuous and satisfying a local Lipschitz condition, and uniqueness is proved for non-increasing, continuous diffusion coefficient. An iterative method of Crank and Henry [7] for solving this problem is investigated and is proved to converge for nondecreasing diffusion coefficient, thus extending the existence result in this case. A perturbation method is used to derive a general series solution to the problem for a class of diffusion coefficients of power-law and exponential form.


This paper presents past and recent water management in the area called the Vistula Delta Fens (Żuławy Fens). This area (56 x 56 km) is located at the outlet of the Vistula River to the Baltic Sea, at the shore of the Gulf of Gdańsk. A large part of the area (30%) is located below sea level as potentially submerged depressions. A multitude of rivers, channels, ditches and pumping stations have been constructed here over several centuries. The area is characterized by highly productive alluvial soils, surface water with a high potential for fish-farming and fishery, and attractive tourist areas at the banks of the rivers and channels. Historically, floods have occurred repeatedly as a result of: (i) – breaks in the dams along big rivers, e.g. after heavy rains and high water levels (in summer); (ii) – dam breaks caused by accumulation of ice-cakes in winter or during spring times; (iii) – dam breaks after storms on the sea with increasing sea water levels at the river outlets (mainly in winter); (iv) – overflow of water into flat land after heavy rains followed by slow drainage of water from the fields, ditches, channels and pumping stations (in summer); (v) – overflow of water into depressions and swamps below sea level after interruptions of, or decreases in, the pump operations at the pumping stations. The EU directive on flood control advises that the member countries should: (i) – produce maps of the areas vulnerable to floods to facilitate communication and planning; (ii) – develop management plans for flooding events; (iii) – exchange experience and codes of good practice during flood; (iv) – facilitate a close cooperation between the scientific community and politicians in the field of flood protection; (v) – raise the level of knowledge, communication and awareness among local societies living in areas prone to flooding.


A theoretical analysis of certain aerial problems is carried out with the help of the idea of a spectrum of plane waves introduced by Booker and Clemmow. The reciprocity theorem, which relates the behaviour of an aerial used for reception to the properties of the same aerial as a transmitter, is used to derive an expression for the power received by one aerial as a result of transmission from a second aerial at any distance from the first. It is shown that under the conditions used in aerial measurements the size of the receiving aerial can influence the errors in measured radiation patterns and power gains. In particular, the side-lobe levels obtained when too small a separation between the aerials is used can either be larger or smaller than the levels for the true radiation pattern. This result differs from that predicted by diffraction theory, which suggests that side-lobe levels measured at too small a distance are always worse than those in the true radiation pattern. Similarly, when the size of the receiving aerial is taken into account, errors in gain measurements are shown to be larger than those predicted by diffraction theory.


In this work we construct an Hermite interpolant starting from basis functions that satisfy a Lagrange property. In fact, we extend and generalise an iterative approach, introduced by Cirillo and Hormann (2018) for the Floater-Hormann family of interpolants. Secondly, we apply this scheme to produce an effective barycentric rational trigonometric Hermite interpolant at general ordered nodes using as basis functions the ones of the trigonometric interpolant introduced by Berrut (1988). For an easy computational construction, we calculate analytically the differentation matrix. Finally, we conclude with various examples and a numerical study of the rate of convergence at equidistant nodes and conformally mapped nodes.


Data processing for seismic network is very complex and fussy, because a lot of data is recorded in seismic network every day, which make it impossible to process these data all by manual work. Therefore, seismic data should be processed automatically to produce a initial results about events detection and location. Afterwards, these results are reviewed and modified by analyst. In automatic processing data quality checking is important. There are three main problem data thatexist in real seismic records, which include: spike, repeated data and dropouts. Spike is defined as isolated large amplitude point; the other two problem datahave the same features that amplitude of sample points are uniform in a interval. In data quality checking, the first step is to detect and statistic problem data in a data segment, if percent of problem data exceed a threshold, then the whole data segment is masked and not be processed in the later process.


The role of resonances in the sawtooth-crash-induced redistribution of fast ions is investigated. In particular, the conditions of wave-particle resonant interaction in the presence of the equilibrium electric eld and the mode rotation are obtained, and e ects of sawteeth on the resonant particles with arbitrary width of non-perturbed orbits are studied. It is found that resonances play the dominant role in the transport of ions having su ciently high energy. It is shown that the resonance regions may overlap, in which case the resonant particles may constitute the main fraction of the fast ion population in the sawtooth mixing region. The behavior of the resonant particles is studied both by constructing a Poincar e map and analytically, by means of the adiabatic invariant derived in this paper and calculation of the characteristic frequencies of the particle motion.