Abstract Spectra of X-rays scattered by compounds of 3d transition elements exhibit structure when the energies of the incident X-rays are a few electronvolts below the elements' K-absorption edge energies. This structure is the result of an inelastic scattering process and has been studied in compounds of chromium, iron and copper with a high-energy resolution wavelength-dispersive spectrometer. When the energies of the incident X-rays were tuned between the preedge peak and the absorption edge, the energy of the resonantly scattered X-rays were always measured to be equal to the energy of the characteristic Kα X-rays. This observation is in disagreement with the prediction of the present theoretical models for resonant scattering which were derived assuming the interactions to be fast collisions.


To study the reaction of Beta vulgaris varieties to N levels and methanol spray and also to study changes of efficiency indexes of plant's N and soil's N, an experiment was done during 2013 in two regions including research station of Motahari in Karaj and Oltan agricultural research institute in Moghan as strip split blocks with 4 times repetitions. Under studied factors were 4 levels of N (control), efficiency level (according to soil test and previous studies), 25 and 50% lower than efficiency level, 4 varieties of Beta vulgaris including Pars, Ekbatan, Razir and Flores and also zero solvent (control treatment without using methanol), 10 and 20% by volume of methanol. N was applied in 5 parts with definite intervals and methanol was sprayed on aerial organs in 3 times during growth seasons with 14 days interval. According to Bartlet results about measured characteristics (number of leaves per m and number of falling leaves per m), there is significant difference in two regions, therefore aforementioned characteristics were analyzed. Regarding the table of variance analysis, the effects of treatments (N, variety, and methanol and interaction effects) were significant in both regions. In addition, regarding statistical results, application of N had not significant effect in 1 and 5% on the number of falling leaves in Moghan region. As a conclusion, when warm seasons begin in Moghan region (in the late of June and August) the leaves started to flow and again at the end of September they grew because of better climate.


The tail distribution of highspeed network traffic is important for network control and bandwidth allocation. Large deviation technique to queuing analysis with fractional autoregressive integrated moving average (FARIMA) traffic model is applied, which shows that the tail distribution of queue length is asymptotically Weibullian. Then an estimation method of parameters based on stationary distribution of Markov process is presented. Finally, an analysis of two groups of data from Bell Lab is carried out.


Cyber city is one of the modern city concepts based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which has been widely applied in big cities around the world. This is a result of the increasing need for people who want to access information and communicate easily and quickly. As part of the modern world community, Indonesia is time to apply the concept of cyber city to meet the needs of its citizens in accessing the internet more broadly and is no longer limited to certain groups. Indonesian citizens are now in the information age where everyone has the same opportunity to communicate widely both nationally and internationally. The implementation of cyber city can also help the community in utilizing the sophistication of information technology to support development. This study discusses the optimization of cyber city as a communication media for development in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique of the researcher uses the literature study method. Cyber city as a development communication media has an important role in supporting development in Indonesia, it needs to be improved development communication technology innovations that are easy to use and useful for the community and increase protection for people's personal data.


Radio signatures of lightning discharges have been detected by the Voyager spacecraft near Saturn and Uranus up to 40MHz. Corresponding flux densities at the distance of the Earth are up to 1000 Jansky (Jy) for Saturn (X1 event per minute above 50 Jy, with 30–300ms duration) and up to a few tens of Jansky for Uranus. Low Frequency ARray LOFAR will allow us to detect and monitor the lightning activity at these two planets. Imaging will allow us to locate lightning sources on Saturn's disk (even if with moderate accuracy), which could then be correlated to optical imaging of clouds. Such observations could provide new information on electrification processes, atmospheric dynamics, composition, and geographical and seasonal variations, compared to the Earth. In addition, lightning may play a role in the atmospheric chemistry, through the production of non-equilibrium trace organic constituents potentially important for biological processes. LOFAR observations can also help us to assess the existence of lightning at Neptune (marginally detected by Voyager), at Venus (where their existence is very controversial), and at Mars (possibly resulting from dust cloud charging). At Jupiter, low-altitude ionospheric layers of meteoritic origin and/or intrinsically long discharge duration seem to prevent the emission and escape of high-frequency radio waves associated with lightning. LOFAR thus presents good possibilities for the detection and study of solar system planetary lightning; we also discuss its relevance to bring new information on Terrestrial lightning-related upper atmosphere transient phenomena (sprites, TIPPsy). Instrumental constraints are outlined. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Recent studies suggest that bioactive scaffolds can be used to regenerate cartilage by local cell homing. However, the specific cell types participating in regeneration are not fully understood. In this study, we identified a novel type of neural crest like synovial stem cell (NCL‐SSC) residing within the synovial membrane, which has several important characteristics distinct from previously identified stem cells. Protein marker screening revealed that NCL‐SSCs homogeneously expressed neural crest stem cell markers such as Sox1, Sox10, Snail and Vimentin. Furthermore, differentiation assays NCL‐SSCs can be induced into mesenchymal lineages (osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes), peripheral neurons and Schwann cells. In addition, we found that the combination of chick embryo extract and basic fibroblast growth factor can maintain the multipotency and maker expression of NCL‐SSCs. Cloning assay showed that the average plating efficiency of NCL‐SSCs is about 10% and the cloned colonies retained the marker expression and multipotency. In summary, our study indentified a new type of local cells in synovial knee joint, which could be an important cell source for in situ tissue engineering.


Midlink optical phase conjugation (OPC) based on four wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) can be used to compensate for Gordon-Mollenauer phase noise in CO-OFDM long-haul systems. Simulation of 40Gb/s CO-OFDM systems without optical dispersion compensation is presented and Q factor can be increased by >6dB.


Primary dysmenorrhea or menstrual cramps without pelvic pathology is a common health problem among women in reproductive age. Primary dysmenorrhea usually occurs within 6-24 months post-menarche and at the age of around 20 years old. Physical activity has been claimed to have beneficial effects on primary dysmenorrhea, yet high-quality evidence is lacking. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in teenagers students and its correlation with physical fitness. A crosssectional survey was conducted on 71 female students at a state junior high school namely SMP Negeri 3 in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. Physical fitness was measured using Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (Tes Kesegaran Jasmani Indonesia, TKJI) while dysmenorrhea data were collected by using questionnaires and analysed using Somers'd test. The results show that the physical fitness level of 8.5% participants were very low, 50.7% were low, 35.2% were moderate, and 5.6% were high. Moreover, 78.9% of the participants were experiencing dysmenorrhea while 21.1% of them were not. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between physical fitness and dysmenorrhea (p<0.005). Therefore, we conclude that there is a significant positive correlation between physical fitness and dysmenorrhea.


As manager of the Education Program for the Australian Institute of Cartographers, the author has conducted a thorough survey of the state of cartographic and GIS education courses in all the Australian states and territories. This includes technical training as well as university education and details the recent closure of courses, the establishment of new ones, the current state of existing ones measured in student numbers, and the influence of geographical information technology on current courses. The essential elements of this survey form the basis of the paper from which conclusions can be drawn as to the future development of cartographic education in Australia in comparison to world trends. This is a revised version of an earlier paper which was given at the 27th International Geographical Congress, in Washington DC, USA, in August 1992, and the 1st Australian Conference on Mapping and Charting, in September 1992.


We have combined a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface investigations of atomically flat surfaces, ultrathin adsorbate films, and material surfaces. The mechanical stability of the hybrid instrument allows high-resolution SEM of samples mounted on the STM stage and atomic resolution with the STM. Experimental results of combined SEM/STM investigations on textured material surfaces, submicron structures, and atomically flat conducting surfaces are presented. An example is given for surface machining with the STM under SEM control.


The present invention target-oriented drug magnetic nanoparticles for the delivery and relates to a method of manufacturing a drug delivery system using the same, particularly, in which Fe


'If you want to know the truth...' : En analys av berattaren Holden i J.D Salingers The Catcher in the Rye


Visualization of thermal counterflow in He II using PIV (particle image velocimetry) and PTV (particle tracking velocimetry) is difficult because tracer particle motion can be influenced by both the normal fluid and superfluid components of He II as well as the quantized vortex tangle. For instance, an early PTV experiment observed particles moving at the normal fluid velocity $v_n$, while a PIV experiment observed particles moving at $v_n/2$, though the range of heat flux applied in these experiments differed by an order of magnitude. To resolve this apparent discrepancy and explore statistics of particle motion in thermal counterflow, we have applied PTV to a wide range of heat flux at several fluid temperatures. We introduce a scheme for analyzing the velocity of particles presumably moving with the normal fluid separately from those presumably influenced by the vortex tangle. Our results show two distinct peaks in the streamwise particle velocity PDF (probability density function) for lower heat flux, one centered at the normal fluid velocity $v_n$ ("G2") and one near $v_n/2$ ("G1"). For higher heat flux there is a single peak centered near $v_n/2$ ("G3"). Using our separation scheme we show there is no size difference between particles contributing to G1 and G2. We also show that non-classical features of the transverse velocity PDF arise entirely from G1, while the corresponding PDF for G2 exhibits classical Gaussian form. G2 transverse velocity fluctuation, backed up by second sound attenuation in decaying counterflow, suggests large scale turbulence in the normal fluid is absent from the two peak region. We offer a brief discussion of physical mechanisms that may be responsible for our observations, revealing that G1 velocity fluctuations may be linked to fluctuations of vortex line velocity, and suggest numerical simulations that may reveal underlying physics in detail.


Multi-storey building must be equipped with a reliable building fire extinguishing system. The existing fire extinguishing system design is not equipped with a backup pump and a jockey pump. Based on The DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 92/2014 and the Indonesian National Standard, to solve this problem, a building fire pump system is designed with a combination of the jockey pump, main pump and backup pump that connected in an integrated parallel arrangement. This design allows the backup pump to automatically run due to a pressure drop in the system pipe if the main pump fails or unable to build up pressure. When a fire occurs and a lot of hydrants are used, the backup pump will automatically run to help the main pump with a signal triggered by the pressure switch.


Lactose crystallization is an operation addressed in several scientific studies and used in dairy industries to obtain a final product with high purity, even from impure solutions. Vibration agitation becomes a relevant factor in promoting mass transfer solution-crystalline surface and minimizing breakages and ruptures in the latter. The crystallization step can be triggered by the seeding of particles (fines) of the same substance to be crystallized, promoting greater control and uniform particle size. The objective of this work was to study the operation of crystallization of lactose in a vibrated bed, using high seeding with controlled structure and size (specific). A central composite design with subsequent optimization was used as a statistical tool. Optimum operating levels were obtained, which returned responses of average productivity of 119.0 ± 2.1% and average diameter of 8.06 ± 0.22×10-6 m, also promoting an increase in the average size of crystallization products (growth of 43.6%), which was not observed in the previous study such as seeding with milled commercial lactose.


A mixing length model for longitudional dispersion is develoopd to provide insight into the fundamental difference between axial and radial mixing. (J.R.D.)


The financial accounting aspects concerning the reorganisation of companies by merger operations are of special interest, both for the specialists in the theory field and for those in the accounting practice taking into account the permanent changes and adaptions of the Romanian regulations to the European and international accounting framework. This article aims to approach the aspects concerning the accounting treatment of the value differences created as a result of the evaluation of the companies involved in merger operations.


A problem with current database technology is its inability to represent complex relationships in a declarative form. Data models which can naturally represent complex structure must be able to describe a domain in a exible and accurate manner. The relational data model has in exible requirements for join tables and object-oriented databases emphasize behavior over representing structural information which can require that some structural relationships be developed in an ad hoc manner. This prevents e ective querying on the relationships in domains which have a complex structure. We formalize graphs as a graph logic and implement a persistent graph logic programming language which presents the graphs in both graph-theoretic and logical terms. Persistent graph logic programs can be used to de ne databases for graph-based data, such as geographic information systems, computer aided design applications and scienti c databases for molecular biology. We have developed a new algorithm called graph querying which retrieves all graphs from a data store which match a partial speci cation as expressed in graph logic. The graph query algorithm is used to retrieve graphs from the database both as an interface to applications and for ad hoc queries. Application programs use graph logic programs to de ne and retrieve graphs from the database, and queries are de ned in terms of user-speci ed graphs. The advantage of this approach is that the same graph-theoretic formalism is used for de ning and retrieving graphs which increases the query capability of the database.


Based on the requirement of one of reviewers, we performed a new experiment in which 4T1 cells originating from mouse breast cancer were treated with acetazolamide, a chemical inhibitor of CA1. As anticipated, the CA1 expression in the cells was suppressed and the calcification was significantly decreased at the same time, which is corresponding to the result with MCF-7 cells originating from human breast cancer. This experiment was repeated for 3 times. We added this result in the revised manuscript to respond the concern of this reviewer (FIgure 8). The revised part was highlighted with blue.


Objective:To reveal the evaluation method for constitution of yang deficiency by the thermal infrared imaging camera with uncooled lens.Methods:76normal persons,aged from 22to 71,were collected.Persons in neutral constitution and yang deficient constitution were measured by the constitutional questionnaire established by the association of Chinese medicine in2009,including healthy neutral group(30cases)and healthy yang deficient group(46cases).Then the whole body scanning for each of them was achieved by the thermal infrared imaging diagnostic system with uncooled lens HIR-2000(developed by the Beijing Yuetian Photoelectricity Technology Corporation,Ltd.),and 11-12images were collected.Therefore,the thermal values of 47regions for each person were measured,and data were analyzed by SPSS19.0.Result:There was no significant difference in the age distribution between two groups.The infrared thermal values of healthy neutral and healthy yang deficient groups were as following:among 47regions,the highest thermal values were located on the forehead and face,while the lowest thermal values were on superior posterior of the head and middle posterior of the head.There were 8regions in neutral group significantly higher than those in yang deficient group,including index finger,middle finger,ring finger,anterior femur,knee,anterior calf,posterior femur and posterior calf(P0.05),in which,2regions were more significant including knee and posterior femur(P0.01).Conclusions:①The sensitive regions for yang deficiency identification by thermal infrared imaging diagnostic system with uncooled lens might be index finger,middle finger,ring finger and lower limbs.②The repeatability of differences between thermal values on knee,posterior femur and posterior calf are confirmed,consequently provided the data support for external application of foot bath formula to yang deficient patients,and evaluation items for foot bath herbs.③The scanning on lower limbs is basically required for yang deficient evaluation in winter.


In pace with the reform of the medical system and the transformation of the medical model,in future,it is necessary for doctors to have not only solid foundation of knowledge but also high and healthy professional virtues.This paper analysised the importance of doctors' basic moral outlook and the shortcomings of the interns.The objective of the article was to bring out some methods to cultivate students' core moral sensibilities during their clinical practice and to find a more effective and better way to educate comprehensive medical staff.


To overcome the deviation caused by the effect of subjective factors in drill wear evaluation, and make the evaluation more accurate and objective, on the basis of drill wear comprehensive evaluation criterion, the projection data are built with projection pursuit method. Two hundred drill wear comprehensive evaluation samples are randomly generated within the range of each class. The projection pursuit model is built by unitary processing according to these samples, which converts the evaluation into non-linear multi-constrained optimization problems. The optimal projection direction vector and the weight coefficient of each evaluation index are obtained with composite simplex method. Meanwhile the corresponding relationship between the region of variation of projection eigenvalue and classification grade is established. The precision of sample evaluation reaches 100% and the evaluation of the measured data achieves good effect. Thus, the scientific evaluation of drill wear is realized by the projection pursuit model.


Acute toxicity tests of three types of bore mud and oil dispersants on Pinctada fucata were studied. The results showed that 96h LC 50 values of bore mud were over 10 5 mg/L, and that of three types of oil dispersants were 1 047 mg/L, 5 011 mg/L and 2 630 mg/L respectively. The filtration rate in 2 hours of Pinctada fucata , which have been exposed to oil drilling mud and oil dispersants for 96 hours, is negatively correlated with the concentrations of each sample; and the frequency of micronuclei cells, positively.


Hypertension, also called high blood pressure is a transitory or excessive elevation of the blood pressure in the arteries, i.e., the systolic and diastolic pressure. A hypertensive crisis is defined as a systolic rate over 180 mmHg or a diastolic rate above 120 mmHg. In India, hypertension affects all ages especially people from lower social economic groups and more common in older people around and above the age of 45 years. Most blood pressure medicine has side effects. Herbal medicines are in great demand both in developed and developing countries. Herbal medicines have been in use for thousands of years. It is estimated that 80% of the world population depend on herbal medicinal products as a primary source of healthcare and traditional medical practices. The choice of herbal medicines for treatment is due to its less side effects, cheap prices and availability of the material within their reach. Churachandpur district is situated in the southern part of Manipur and is inhabited by various communities with common ancestor, sharing similar language, culture, tradition and food habits. These indigenous people are rich in traditional knowledge, but economically backward. Despite the advancement in modern pharmaceutical medicines, many rural and urban people still depend upon traditional ethno medicinal plants for their treatment. They used different types of plants for treating different types of ailments and diseases. But their traditional knowledge on herbal medicine is yet to be documented. Therefore, the aim of this research work is to document the plants used by the people of Churachandpur district for treatment and controlling hypertension.


In the paper, the process of developing strategies for the effective development of participants in the innovation process in the conditions of the crisis is studied in order to quickly overcome the negative trends in the economy. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the existing opinions and present new approaches in forming the strategies of efficient development of innovation process participants. The method of extended study allows revealing the main causes, opportunities and threads on the way of innovation activity enhancements in Ukrainian economy. The analysis the factors of influence on innovation activity revealed insufficient attention to this problem from the state, lack of purposeful actions aimed at correcting the situation with chronic underfunding of science and especially the sphere of research and development. Methodology. The survey is based on a systematic approach to the consideration the processes of forming a strategy of effective development the participants of innovation process and implementation this strategy despite the economic crisis. For this purpose, methods of induction and deduction, comprehensive analysis of interdependencies of individual components of the potential of innovation development are used. In addition the modeling of interaction the participants in innovation process was actualized. The paper at first to identify the general causes and phenomena with a gradual transition to the consideration of specific problems that hinder the achievement of the assigned goals for the activation the processes of knowledge and technology transfer and the timely commercialization the R&D results. The purpose of the research is the theoretical questions of the formation a strategy of the effective development the innovation process participants to investigate, the condition of innovation ecosystem to analyze, the prospects a mechanism of commercializing the results of R&D to create. Practical implications. The open 1 Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor at Department of Business Economics and Investment, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine © Dovbenko Viacheslav 195 Strategies of effective development of participants the innovative process innovation strategy must enable increasing cooperation among different partners and their R&D activities by greater use of common know-how and resources. Innovation strategy will require a change in the company which should concern to the level of relationship with partners outside, as well as with employees inside the company. The role of innovation ecosystem in economic development in the current circumstances is growing significantly. A favourable business environment allows efficiently combine the interests of the company and its partners to determine the relationship of the parties, and thus ways to achieve the goals of development. Innovation strategy is significantly affected by innovation potential and management, lateral thinking, innovation, investment climate and organizational structure. For increasing the innovation activity it is necessary the established cooperation among different partners involved in innovation process. Conclusion. Importantly for every participants of innovation process is the right selection the individual components of the mechanism of innovation development and creation the conditions for optimal interaction. In this case a synergy effect will ensure a more efficient use of the resource potential and allow acquiring an additional cumulative effect.


In recent years, due to the shortage of timber resources, it has become necessary to reduce the excessive consumption of forest resources. Non-destructive testing technology can quickly find wood defects and effectively improve wood utilization. Deep learning has achieved significant results as one of the most commonly used methods in the detection of wood knots. However, compared with convolutional neural networks in other fields, the depth of deep learning models for the detection of wood knots is still very shallow. This is because the number of samples marked in the wood detection is too small, which limits the accuracy of the final prediction of the results. In this paper, ResNet-34 is combined with transfer learning, and a new TL-ResNet34 deep learning model with 35 convolution depths is proposed to detect wood knot defects. Among them, ResNet-34 is used as a feature extractor for wood knot defects. At the same time, a new method TL-ResNet34 is proposed, which combines ResNet-34 with transfer learning. After that, the wood knot defect dataset was applied to TL-ResNet34 for testing. The results show that the detection accuracy of the dataset trained by TL-ResNet34 is significantly higher than that of other methods. This shows that the final prediction accuracy of the detection of wood knot defects can be improved by TL-ResNet34.


A story going back almost 40 years is presented in this manuscript. This is a different and more challenging way of reporting my research and I hope it will be useful to and target a wide-ranging audience. When preparing the manuscript and collecting references on the subject of this paper—aldehyde oxidoreductase from Desulfovibrio gigas—I felt like I was travelling back in time (and space), bringing together the people that have contributed most to this area of research. I sincerely hope that I can give my collaborators the credit they deserve. This study is not presented as a chronologic narrative but as a grouping of topics, the development of which occurred over many years.


Bisang, W. 2004. Dialectology and typology – an integrative perspective. In B. Kortmann (ed.), Dialectology meets typology, 11–45. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Chambers, J. 2004. Dynamic typology and vernacular universals. In B. Kortmann (ed.), Dialectology meets typology, 127–45. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Croft, W. 2003. Typology and universals, 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Herrmann, T. 2005. Relative clauses in English dialects of the British Isles. In B. Kortmann, T. Herrmann, L. Pietsch & S. Wagner, A comparative grammar of British English dialects: Agreement, gender, relative clauses, 21–123. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Kortmann, B., T. Herrmann, L. Pietsch & S. Wagner. 2005. A comparative grammar of British English dialects: Agreement, gender, relative clauses. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.


This case study demonstrates a positive surgical treatment result in a female patient with giant neck and right hemithorax neurofibroma complicated by second thoracic vertebral body destruction, tracheal and brachiocephalic vessel compression, and Horner's syndrome. The success of treatment became possible due to the joint tactics of thoracic and vertebral surgeons. Total second thoracic vertebral body destruction induced by a tumorous process was intraoperatively verified. There was elimination of Horner's syndrome and brachiocephalic vessel compression in the early postoperative period. No neurological symptoms occurred with a metallic prosthetic implant of the thoracic vertebra. Twelve months after surgery, the patient felt satisfactory and had no signs of recurrent neurofibroma.


Experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study the mechanisms involved in dielectric refrigerant R-134a electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow boiling in a concentric horizontal flow channel. Numerical calculations of the electric field distribution in two-phase flow with different gas-liquid distributions and interfacial geometries in a concentric electrode arrangement are conducted by a finite element method. The experiments conducted are performed at inlet qualities from 0 to 20%, mass fluxes from 100 to 500 kg/m/sup 2/s, heat flux from 10 kW/m/sup 2/ to 20 kW/m/sup 2/ and applied voltage from 0 to 10 kV. It was found that the application of an electrohydrodynamic body force to an R-134a evaporator can result in a significant augmentation of heat transfer that may be partially explained by the numerically simulated electric field profiles near gas-liquid interfaces.


With increasing utilisation of high strength aluminium alloys, high material thickness and complex joint geometries the use of filler wire is recommended in many cases, especially in order to avoid hot cracking. Regarding increasing material thickness, the homogenous distribution of the alloying additions (in particular Si) throughout the whole melt pool is becoming more and more important. Hot cracking in the bottom line of a laser weld – even when filler wire was added – is still a typical problem.This contribution presents results on taking influence on the weld pool dynamics by the utilisation of electromagnetic volume forces. Here, they are produced by an external current, which is applied via the filler wire. A significant homogenisation of the silicon distribution throughout the molten area can be achieved in this way. Furthermore, the influence of process gas on the meltpool dynamics and the element distribution will be discussed.With increasing utilisation of high strength aluminium alloys, high material thickness and complex joint geometries the use of filler wire is recommended in many cases, especially in order to avoid hot cracking. Regarding increasing material thickness, the homogenous distribution of the alloying additions (in particular Si) throughout the whole melt pool is becoming more and more important. Hot cracking in the bottom line of a laser weld – even when filler wire was added – is still a typical problem.This contribution presents results on taking influence on the weld pool dynamics by the utilisation of electromagnetic volume forces. Here, they are produced by an external current, which is applied via the filler wire. A significant homogenisation of the silicon distribution throughout the molten area can be achieved in this way. Furthermore, the influence of process gas on the meltpool dynamics and the element distribution will be discussed.


Derecyrta araucariae spec. nov. is described from Southern Brazil. This wood boring sawfly emerged from dead Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze branches (Arau cariaceae), collected up to 10 m above ground level in Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Larvae also were found within the wood and, therefore, it is the first confirmed record of a neotropical sawfly developing in a gymnospermous host. Our sample of 42 adults is the largest known series of a Derecyrta species, permitting for the first time a detailed de scription, including intraspecific variation. Since all adults were female, this species may re produce parthogenetically.


The authors obtained an intermediate resolution (1 percent) spectrum of the 8 to 13 micron region in Comet Halley which shows a prominent silicate emission feature with structure not observed before in other comets or in interstellar silicates. They confirm the presence of a strong 11.3 micron peak reported by Bregman et al. (1987) and find evidence for additional structure in the band. The 11.3 micron peak represents the main difference between the Halley Spectrum and that of Comet Kohoutek. The Kohoutek Spectrum is similar to that of the circumstellar shell around mu Ceph. Based on a comparison with the spectra of Interplanetary Dust Particles (Sandford and Walker 1985), most of which are believed to be of cometary origin, the authors attribute the 11.3 micron peak to small crystalline olivine particles, although other minerals cannot be ruled out. Their interpretation is supported by the airborne observation of four emission peaks near 24, 28, 35 and 45 microns which can also be matched with iron-magnesium silicates including crystalline olivine. Other types of silicates (such as hydrated or amorphous) are necessary to explain the width and the 9.7 micron peak of the emission observed in Comet Halley.


alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) represent an important and potent class of odor-active compounds associated with wine quality. 30 ng/l each of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine and 3-secbutyl-2-methoxypyrazine were added to a Riesling and Cabernet Franc wine and monitored with HS-SPME- GC-MS over 18 months to investigate the effects of various closure and packaging options as well as light and storage temperature on MPs. Other impact odorants were monitored using SPE-GC-FID. Changes in MP concentrations during bottle aging varied with closure/packaging option, with the greatest decrease evident in Tetrapak® cartons. We observed similar changes in other impact odorants to previous studies, with synthetic corks displaying an increased capacity for sorption compared to natural corks and screwcaps. MPs did not vary consistently over time with light or temperature conditions. Acetate esters decreased, regardless of light or temperature conditions, while phenethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate decreased at a greater rate in ambient temperature conditions compared with 12 °C. Free


Submitted for the MAR13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Thermal Conductivity Measurements in Sub-micron Graphene Crystals SERAP YIGEN, VAHID TAYARI, JAMES PORTER, JOSHUA O. ISLAND, A. R. CHAMPAGNE, Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada — Heat conductivity measurements in graphene using optical spectroscopy have been limited to micron-scale devices, and mostly room temperature and uncontrolled charge densities. We present an electron transport method to measure thermal conductivity, κ, in sub-micron suspended graphene, over a broad range of temperature (50K 350K), and as a function of charge density. We study suspended two-point graphene devices whose length ranges from 350 nm up to 1.2 micron. We show that the there can be good thermalization of electrons and acoustic phonons in these devices. This enables us to use electron resistivity as a thermometer for electrons or phonons. Our devices are in the near-diffusive regime, permitting Joule heating of the samples and modelling heat transport using a heat equation. We measure an increase of two orders of magnitude in κ over the studied temperature range and crystal lengths. κ is dominated by the electronic heat conductivity in sub-micron devices, and phononic heat conductivity in longer devices. In short devices, we can tune κ by more than a factor of two with charge density, opening the possibility of creating room temperature heat transistors. Serap Yigen Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada Date submitted: 08 Nov 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


Saturn's north aurora has been observed between January and May 2011 with the Hubble Space Telescope. The objective was to collect spatially resolved spectra at the different local time from dawn to dusk and compare them with laboratory or synthetic spectra. For this purpose, HST was programmed to slew from mid-latitudes through the auroral oval up to above the limb while collecting data in the timetag mode. The spectra show signatures of absorption by hydrocarbons present above the peak of the auroral emission. The amount of absorption and implications in terms of penetration of the auroral electron beam into Saturn's atmosphere will be discussed and compared with other determinations of the altitude of the aurora. The effects of the auroral heat import on the thermal structure of the atmosphere both at high and low altitudes will be examined in the light of these results.


Wetlands are productive ecosystems that play an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle and thus global carbon budgets. Climate variability affects amount of material entering and the metabolic balance of wetlands, thereby modifying carbon dynamics. This study presents spatiotemporal changes in air‐water CO2 exchange in the vast wetlands of Doñana (Spain) in relation to different hydrological cycles. Water sources feeding Doñana, including groundwater and streams, ultimately depend on the fluctuating balance between annual precipitation and evapotranspiration. Hence, in order to examine the contribution of the rainfall pattern to the emission/capture of CO2 by a range of aquatic habitats in Doñana, we took monthly measurements during severely wet, dry, and normal hydrological years (2010–2013). During wet hydrological cycles, CO2 outgassing from flooded marshes markedly decreased in comparison to that observed during subsequent dry‐normal cycles, with mean values of 25.84 ± 19 and 5.2 ± 8 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Under drier meteorological conditions, air‐water CO2 fluxes also diminished in permanent floodplains and ponds, which even behaved as mild sinks for atmospheric CO2 during certain periods. Increased inputs of dissolved CO2 from the underground aquifer and the stream following periods of high rainfall are believed to be behind this pattern. Large lagoons with a managed water supply from an adjacent estuary took up atmospheric CO2 nearly permanently. Regional air‐water carbon transport was 15.2 GgC yr−1 under wet and 1.24 GgC yr−1 under dry meteorological conditions, well below the estimated net primary production for Doñana wetlands, indicating that the ecosystem acts as a large CO2 sink.


The present status of seisomology, at least in respect to popular interest and instrumental equipment, reminds one strongly of the proverbial man who locked his stable door after the horse was stolen. Perhaps, too, if the door had no lock at the time of the theft, in his excitement the owner of the horse bought the first lock he could find, then soon tired of the necessary routine of turning the key, and again became neglectful before the next thief came along.

Whenever any region is visited by a severe earthquake, everyone in the disturbed territory who has a dead seismograph under his charge is immediately galvanized into temporarily running it again, while many others in innocent excitement clamor loudly "Oh, for a seismograph, a seismograph," and various inventors come forward with marvelous designs. But all this voluble enthusiasm commonly is of short duration, while those who got their new toys soon find them less interesting and more exacting than they had imagined, and in the end avoid them as the wise man avoids the deadly upas tree.


Acute Severe Colitis (ASC) is a frequent and severe complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) that can occur at any time during the disease. Its prognosis can be severe with a high risk of colectomy. The use of immunosuppressants and more recently biotherapies seem to reduce the risk of colectomy. We wished to study the long-term evolution of paediatric-onset UC patients after ASC.

 This retrospective study was conducted in 12 centres of the GETAID paediatric in France. Data on patients with UC aged < 18 years admitted with ASC (defined as paediatric ulcerative colitis activity index [PUCAI] score ≥ 65) between January 2010 and January 2021 were collected at discharge and at 1, 3 and 5 years after admission. The primary outcome of our study was colectomy-free rates at one year. A univariate analysis comparing the profile at diagnosis and at ASC of patients who underwent colectomy, and others was performed to look for prognostic factors associated with the risk of surgery.

 Of the 102 patients admitted with ASC, 95 [93%] were treated with corticosteroids. Forty-six [48%] patients were escalated to second-line therapy, mainly to infliximab. Nine patients [8.8%] underwent colectomy before discharge. Long-term follow-up showed colectomy-free rates were 83%, 76% and 72% at 1, 3 and 5 years after initial ASC admission, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, active disease, and use of methotrexate were significantly associated with a higher risk of colectomy. A short delay between diagnosis and ASC, rapid steroid use for ASC and second line therapy with azathioprine and Infliximab were significantly associated with a lower risk of colectomy.

 The rate of colostomy remains high after an episode of acute colitis despite the earlier use of biotherapies. But long-term outcome of paediatric-onset UC patients is good with sustained clinical and biological remission.


The pericxiic and quasi-periodic perturbations for Duffing's equation with two external forcing terms have been discussed. The threshold value for chaotic motion is obtained by using averaging method and Melnikov s methud.


The interrelation of metaphors and metonymies often attracts the attention of linguists, but the combination of multimodal metaphors and metonymies, which are important components of cognition and are essential for the creation and understanding of multimodal texts, has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study is to delineate the interaction between multimodal metaphors and metonymies in political cartoons and identify their role in forming the country image. The research material includes 30 political cartoons on the topic of the Sino-American trade dispute 2018-2021, selected from Yandex search engine according to keywords (tags, Hashtag). We considered the metaphors and metonymies contained in the cartoons and analyzed their cognitive interrelation. Since the currently existing categorization of the varieties of metaphtonymy does not meet the goal, we used our own typology of the interaction of multimodal metaphors and metonymies, which includes two categories: inclusive and interactive. We have identified 20 interactive and 10 inclusive political cartoons with characteristic cultural attributes. The use of cognitive-discursive analysis allowed us to reveal the features of visual, verbal and conceptual interaction of metaphorical transfers and metonymic shifts in the construction of the positive image of China and the negative image of the United States. The results showed that multimodal metaphors and metonymies in political cartoons are intertwined in different ways, they can make an impact on the mind of people and form the country image.


Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) is a nonprofit organization engaged in social and religious. As a foundation dealing directly with the public is necessary to take measurements of the performance strategy. Performance measurement use to sustain its social activities by optimizing all resources for improving public services. Balanced Scorecard can be used to measure performance in nonprofit organization. The results showed that Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) strategic objectives from four perspectives Balanced Scorecard are: (1) donation growth, (2) budget effectiveness, (3) customer satisfaction, (4) customer complaints, (5) reputation of the foundation, (6) service quality, (7) innovation, (8) ability of employees, (9) employee satisfaction, (10) retention of employees. Based on weighting result, Customers perspectives obtain the highest weighting and financial perspectives obtain the lowest weighting. This suggests that the foundations according to the vision and mission provide a higher level of importance to the public service compared to the increased growth of the donation. A limitation of this study is Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) engaged in social and religious aspect, so it is necessary to do research of performance measurement using Balanced Scorecard on nonprofit organizations in other social fields.


An account is given of the published investigations of ways of increasing the efficiency of flashlamp-pumped lasers by frequency conversion of the exciting radiation with the aid of luminescent filters. An analysis is made of the method for calculating the efficiency of luminescent filters absorbing short-wavelength radiation and reemitting it in the absorption region of the active medium. It is shown that the use of rhodamine 6G and other phosphors as luminescent filters can double the efficiency of neodymium glass lasers, increase the efficiency of YAG:Nd3+ lasers by a factor of 1.5, and improve the efficiency of lasers activated with Ti3+ by more than an order of magnitude. The use of luminescent filters in dye lasers can double the efficiency and make it possible to reach average output powers of hundreds of watts. Promising materials for luminescent filters are considered and margins for increasing their efficiency are analyzed. The main results are reported of studies of plasma pump-spectrum converters and it is shown that promising results can be expected by combining luminescent filters and an optimized plasma converter system in an optical boiler enclosure.


TheScientificWorldJOURNAL and TSW Urology are delighted to have published the special issue 'Superficial Bladder Cancer', a collection of peer-reviewed papers covering key topics in this important field. The special issue has been organized by Dr. Ziya Kirkali (Genito-Urinary Group, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey) and investigates the cancer which is the fourth most common seen in men and which accounts for 10% of all cancers seen in developed countries.


The Caspian boxwood (Buxus hyrcana) is an endangered, evergreen species in the Hyrcanian forests. The prevalence of pests and boxwood blight disease are bound to reduce the genetic diversity of this species in the near future. Accordingly, the current study considered habitat conservation and restoration by evaluating the genetic diversity of different Caspian boxwood populations. Ninety-seven accessions from seven geographic regions of Hyrcanian forests in Iran were investigated to determine genetic diversity and differentiation among and between populations using 10 ISSR primers. Results showed that the inter-population genetic diversity in B. hyrcana was estimated to be higher than intra-population genetic diversity. Principal coordinates analysis was performed on the populations, along with cluster (based on the Nei distance) and Bayesian structure analysis which classified the populations based on their distance from the sea and their altitude above sea level. Our findings suggest that geographic and environmental factors have an essential role in shaping regional gene flow and influence the genetic structure of B. hyrcana populations in the Hyrcanian forests.


The preliminary presumption is that academic teachers are competent in teaching based on the degree they graduated in. It is claimed that teachers with low quality competency in teaching are those who are not skilled and practice passive teaching method. Recent reviews on education mostly talk about creating 21st century teaching environments in schools therefore studentcentered classroom approach for Malaysian students which is implemented with clarity and International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and


A homodyne interferometer exploits the polarizing theory and four-detector-array based on Michelson interferometry is proposed for angle measurement. The angular displacement of the object mirror will cause the optical path difference between the two reflected beams so as to produce interference. The quadrature signals with 90° phase shift will be collected by photo-detectors. With pulse counting and phase subdivision processing the angular movement can be calculated. The proposed structure is also featured by its miniature design. The optical system is only 45 mm by 45 mm in area. In order to facilitate the alignment of optical components and improve the signal quality, a new optical bonding technology by mechanical fixture is proposed so that the miniature optics can be permanently pressed together without air gap in between. Experiments show that the resolution is 0.01" and the accuracy is less than 0.2" for the measurement range of ±120 arc seconds.


For analysis of multibody dynamics,a new generalized-α algorithm is proposed on the basis of implicit numerical integration decoupling algorithms. By applying the new generalized-α algorithm and introducing the scaling factor h or h2 of integration stepsize into the calculations of Jacobian matrix,discrete equations of multi-body dynamics and constraints equations are obtained. Decoupling equations for systems' variables and decoupling Jacobian matrix are obtained on the basis of implicit numerical integration decoupling algorithms,thereby improving the efficiency of calculation and avoiding poor Jacobian matrix. Accuracy,convergence,stability and efficiency analysis of the new generalized-α algorithm are carried out through numerical examples. Theoretical study and numerical analysis show that the new generalized-α algorithm reduces the number of evaluations of Jacobian matrix function,the iterations of Newton-Raphson and the calculations of dimensions of multi-flexible body dynamics greatly. The new generalized-α algorithm featuring efficiency,accuracy and controllable numerical damping has important theoretical reference meaning and practical application value to mechanical systems with multi flexible bodies,contact-impact and friction.


The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 515.000 women die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth every year. Hemorrhage postpartum in developing countries is about the 13% cause of mortality and morbility. Active management involves administration of a prophylactic oxytocic before delivery of the placenta, and early cord clamping, while expectant management of the third stage of partum involves allowing the placenta to deliver spontaneously or aiding by gravity or nipple stimulation.
Objectives: The objective of this research was to assess the blood loss and the decrease of hemoglobin/hematocrite of active versus expectant managementof the third stage of labour.


Fundamentally, counseling and therapies of all species are intimate, humanistic encounters between sufferers and healers. A variety of societal impingements on practitioners (e.g., the need to contain burgeoning health care costs via "sustainable growth rates," limitations on the number of treatment sessions authorized by managed care companies, increasing government regulations, ethical standards, hundreds of "schools" of psychotherapy espousing efficacy) and a growing body of supportive research have resulted in an increased attention to and demand for the use of evidence-based psychological practices that can potentially undermine the fundamental underpinnings of counseling and psychotherapy. This article proposes that care and caution need to be exercised in the rush to evidence-based psychological practices as a "solution" to the concerns noted. In turn, what is advocated in helping others to become effective and compassionate practitioners is a need for an organizing principle, that is, specifically teaching/learning to think in nonlinear ways in conjunction with already well-established empirically determined common factor principles of effective treatment.


How to implement the percutaneous while fusion is disclosed. This method inserts a guide needle from the rear into the disc space, so as to expand the disc space and inserted into the disc space along a dilator having a slightly larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the guide needle around the guide needle , so as to increase the disc space gradually and progressively, a series of dilators slightly larger than the outer diameter of the dilator before the inner diameter of each dilator, the previous dilator disc space along the circumference of the continuously passing comprises the step. Once the desired disc height can be achieved, except the outermost dilator, all of the dilator, the guide needle is removed. Next, place the expandable intervertebral disc spacer, into the disc through the dilator that remaining space. Disc spacer is extended to a desired disc height, then meet disc space bone matrix through dilator. Then, to remove the dilator. Expandable intervertebral disc spacer having a hole which tapers with to expand larger end of the spacer relative to the other end is also disclosed. Kits for performing percutaneous between fusion treatments are also disclosed.


Aim:  An approach based on quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐qPCR) was developed for monitoring two strains of lactococci in co‐culture in milk by measuring the expression of specific genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH).


Background: In January 2020, WHO declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern. Worldwide lockdown led to panic, mass unemployment, poverty and domestic violence. The present study was designed to observe the impact of lockdown on the spectrum of medico-legal cases being admitted with drastic events of poisoning and hanging.Methods:In this retrospective, observational and comparative study, around 131 patients were recruited from the admitted patients in the medicine wards in SMS medical college and hospital during COVID-19 lockdown period from 23 March 2020 to 31 May 2020 after applying inclusion and exclusion criterias. Their clinical profile were noted and comparatively assessed with patients admitted in medicine wards during adjoining pre-lockdown period, that is, from 12 January 2020 to 22 March 2020.Results: Out of 131 cases recruited during lockdown period, hanging cases were 10 (8%) while it was 10 cases out of 213 (5% )during pre-lockdown period. Organophosphorus poisoning was 4.5% and 1.4%, celphos poisoning was 3.8% and 2.3%, rat killer poisoning was 3.05% and 1.4% during lockdown and pre-lockdown period respectively. Cases due to ingestion of other than the major group of poisoning were lower (3.8%) during lockdown period while it was 10.3% during pre-lockdown period.Conclusions:Extreme negative behavioral changes precipitated by corona and this might be aggravated further by complete lockdown, to which people resorted to the means which were easily available to them at home like hanging and common poisonings.


The growth-promoting effect of extracts of Laminaria saccharina, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum was due largely to the cations present, but this effect was modified by organic substances in the extracts. The concentrations of amino acids and mannitol in seaweed extracts had little effect on plant growth. The compounds extracted with organic solvents appear to be responsible in part only for the modification of the growth-promoting effect. Alginic acid and its salts were indicated as being the main organic compounds responsible for reducing the effect of the metals with mustard plants. It is suggested that alginic acid competes with the plants by ion-exchange for the metals in the extract.


Power transmission line management presents unique challenges, and a smart grid approach could effectively reduce costs and improve reliability. For years, wireless mesh networks have been studied because of their capability of providing good performance with low deployment cost even in environments with scarce communication infrastructure. Because of these characteristics, the employment of wireless mesh networks as a communication infrastructure for monitoring power transmission lines has gained popularity. While mesh networks allow organic growth, for this application, an a priori network planning is mandatory to ensure the required levels of performance and fault tolerance while maintaining deployment costs within a specified budget. This paper studies the problem of wireless mesh network planning in that environment, that is, how to deploy a minimum number of wireless mesh nodes along a power transmission line (or any linear system) so that coverage and connectivity constraints are met. We show that the linearity of power transmission lines and the large distances between towers result in networks with very particular characteristics and that previous proposals found in the literature cannot be readily adapted for these scenarios. We then propose both an integer programming model and a polynomial‐time heuristic for this particular version of the planning problem. Our evaluation shows that the proposed heuristic is able to closely match the optimal results obtained with the integer programming model while being more scalable and easily allowing the addition of more constraints that can be useful in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are more and more being exploited for various applications including biological ones. To this end, they have been thoroughly studied for their potential as antibacterial, wound healing, and bioimaging agents. In this study, we examined the sun protection properties of CNDs. Dunaliella salina was selected as a promising precursor for the synthesis of CNDs which were compared with those produced by citric acid, a widely used precursor for such materials. The CNDs were examined spectrophotometrically, and the sun protection factors were calculated. Additionally, in vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate their UV protection properties and to obtain better insight into whether CNDs are suitable to be used as filters for the development of new sunscreens. The results were conclusive that both CNDs possess favorable properties that potentiate their use for the development of sunscreens. However, the CNDs from Dunaliella salina were found to be superior to those derived from citric acid. Therefore, they can further be exploited as sun protection filters.


In this article, Genetic characteristics, gene location and polymorphism of Double~muscular trait and the characteristics of physiology, reproduction and carcass in double muscular cattle were reviewed and application model and the prospects of double muscular cattle in Chinese beef production were also presented.


Abstract The interaction between the various ions in the molten systems NaNO3-NaNO2, LiNO3-NaNO2 and NaNO3-KNO2 has been investigated by Raman, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. It is concluded that the interaction between the anions is very weak and that the cations Na+ and K+ are randomly distributed around the nitrate and nitrite anions. The empty orbital level of Na+ (434 nm) in NaNO3-NaNO2 relative to the π level of NO2- is estimated. When small amounts of Li+ are added to the binary sodium melt, an anomalous spectroscopic result is obtained.


Under the background of General Secretary Xi Jinping's "Belt and Road", the wide application of Internet + technology has promoted the development of cross-border e-commerce and formed an industrial cluster. The original e-commerce professional talent training mode in Chinese colleges and universities has not adapted to the needs of social development, and it is necessary to change the teaching mode to adapt to the development of cross-border e-commerce mode. This paper expounds the innovative research on the cross-border electricity merchant training system under the background of "Belt and Road" from different aspects, and hopes to provide theoretical reference for experts and scholars engaged in cross-border electric merchant training model research.


This study will demonstrate the stabilisation performance of several structurally distinct phosphites in polypropylene homopolymer. These structures will be differentiated using physical tests and analytical methods including gel permeation chromatography, melt rheology, color, and gas-fading exposure


Deep learning based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a very hot issue for various recognition problems. In this paper, we propose a scheme to improve the visual quality of the video coding standard. We apply a CNN model to high efficiency video coding (HEVC) encoding system and suggest a combined coding scheme using a CNN model. Through experiment, we verify that the proposed scheme achieves up to 0.24 dB of the quality improvement on HM 16.10 reference software.


This thesis focuses on the most common causes of dovorce in the Czech Republic with regard to the district Brno - country during the period. Currently the divorce rate have been prevalent in the society. The Cour tis overloaded agenda for divorce. The aim is to identify the above mentioned causes of divorce based on court documents in the district.


Neither side of the debate on translating ideas from aviation to patient safety1 2 mentions the Confidential Reporting System in Surgery (CORESS), the surgical equivalent of the well established Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting Programme (CHIRP) in aviation.

Often the only person who recognises a near miss or minor mishap is the person concerned. These no-harm incidents or precursors are the …


The effects of potassium chloride (as Slow-K® 600 mg three times daily) and spironolactone (as A ldactone-A,® 25 mg four times daily) were compared in hypertensive African patients on frusemide. Mean plasma-potassium levels in patients on frusemide plus Slow-K® and frusemide plus Aldactone-A® rose from 3.6 to 3.8 mOsm/L whilst on frusemide alone mean plasma-potassium fell from 3.7 to 3.6 mOsm/L. The mean blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, was significantly reduced in the frusemide plus Aldactone-A® group when compared with patients on frusemide alone or on frusemide plus Slow-K®.


Conceptually, it was proven that transformational leadership is a supportive tool to the development of strategies that enable accomplishment of common goals. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of transformational leadership in implementing corporate social responsibility strategies. The study is based on testing and conducting research in only one organization in the field of sports management and organizing different sports activities for the UAE community. The study uses the Bass's model of transformational and transactional leadership (1985) with focusing on transformational leadership model.


The invention discloses a humidity-sensitive telescopic polyaniline conductive fiber and a preparation method thereof. The fiber comprises a template fiber body and a proton-acid-doped polyaniline conductive layer wrapping the template fiber body. The template fiber body is polyurethane core-spun cotton yarn with polyurethane as an inner thread, a cotton yarn thread wound on the polyurethane inner thread in a bent mode wraps the inner thread, and the cotton yarn thread is evenly wrapped in the conductive layer formed by proton-acid-doped polyaniline. The fiber has excellent stretch bending performance, the conductivity of the fiber can still be kept relatively stable when the fiber is in a stretch bending state, and the variation amplitude is very small. Besides, the conductive fiber is sensitive to humidity, the conductivity of the fiber changes obviously along with humidity, the preparation method is simple, cost is low, and the fiber is suitable for large-scale production and can be used for preparing flexible wires and flexible humidity-sensitive sensors.


Aiming at the problems of low accuracy, slow calculation speed, large storage space and difficult to detect multiple targets in the search of existing bayonet vehicles, a multi-target staged image retrieval method based on Faster R-CNN preprocessing was proposed. First, the selective search network is used to obtain the probability vectors in the picture; then, the image compact semantic hash code is used to perform fingerprint encoding to quickly compare and narrow the range to obtain a range candidate pool; finally, the image to be retrieved is compared to the image in the pool Quickly compare quantized hash matrices, and use voting to select the most similar images from the pool as the output. The experimental results show that the design can achieve end-to-end training. The average accuracy rate (0.829) and retrieval response time (0.698s) are significantly improved compared to the conventional hash-based retrieval method on the BIT-Vehicle dataset. This meets the era of big data Image retrieval needs.


The paper is part of a 'work in progress' on the influence of oriental cultures and religions on Western ancient literature ( The Seven Gates ). After a short history of use and symbolic role of the "planetary ladder" from Sumerians to Islamic literatures and cultures via Greece, Rome and Jewish mysticism, the essai tries to show that the early Christians writers preferred to avoid employing the planetary ladder as a cipher of an itinerary to God. It was only Dante, in his Divina Commedia , who resumed to use with high perfection the planetary ladder: he re-elaboreted the circular Islamic hell in the Inferno , the Islamic heaven in the Paradiso and the Islamic paradise in the Purgatorio (his source was the Latin translation of The book of the ladder of Mahomet ) .


One new record,8 new hosts records,2 new distribution and 4 known species of Cladosporium in China are reported.The characterization of Cladosporium lantanae: Conidiophores erect or flexuous,light brown;Ramoconidia 2~3 conidial scars,light brown,septa absent;Conidia acropleurogenous,chains acropetal,ellipsoidal,0 or 1-septa but most absent,scars prominent,light brown,smooth.Specimens is deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Yunnan Agricultural University(MHYAU).


Mass collaboration is a present-day Internet practice with far-reaching implications for education and for a knowledge society in general. The goal of this symposium is to establish the concept of mass collaboration as a relevant topic in CSCL by presenting related research conducted with multifaceted perspectives from different labs. Several presentations will provide insight into the current approaches to the complex and large-scale phenomenon. They will address a range of theories and methodologies to identify and approach the major aspects of learning and knowledge development in the informal context of the present-day social web. The presenters will ground the analyses of mass collaboration processes and outcomes on a variety of examples of effective Web 2.0 settings and technological environments. The anticipated discussion will map out what unique insights can be gained from studying this form of collaboration compared to more formalized small-scale settings, as well as possible directions for future research in the area.


Royal Palms (Roystonea regia) with symptoms such as severe chlorosis, stunting, collapse of older fronds and general decline were observed in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2N/R16R2 and fU5/rU3 as nested PCR primer pairs, all symptomatic plants tested positively for phytoplasma. Results of phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the phytoplasma associated with Royal Palm yellow decline (RYD) was an isolate of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' belonging to a new 16SrI-subgroup. These results show that Roystonea regia is a new host for the aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI). This is the first report on the presence of 16SrI phytoplasma on Royal Palm trees in Malaysia.


BACKGROUND
Despite increased resources to reduce maternal deaths, South Africa (SA) has an unacceptably high maternal mortality rate (MMR).

OBJECTIVES
To determine the causes of maternal deaths at Natalspruit Hospital, Johannesburg, SA.

METHODS
A 2-year retrospective audit of case records was done All maternal deaths from January 2013 to December 2014 were included.

RESULTS
There were 20 676 live births and 79 deaths, with a MMR of 382.08/100 000. Forty-four women (56%) were HIV-positive, 14 (21%) died of obstetric haemorrhage and 12 (15%) had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Thirty women (38%) had not attended an antenatal clinic. More women died between 16h00 and 08h00 than between 08h00 and 16h00. Most women (88%) had at least one avoidable factor.

CONCLUSIONS
Natalspruit Hospital has a high MMR. The majority of deaths were HIV-related. There was a high number of women who were unbooked. Most deaths occurred after normal working hours.


T his is an interesting analysis and one of the first attempts I have seen to collect information to help inform opinion about the extent to which the FSFW can be regarded as a legitimate player in tobacco control. I started reading the article with the strong presumption that it could not and nothing in the article led me to change my view. In my view, a significant cost of this initiative is the extent to which it diverts attention and human resources away from implementing what have been clearly shown to be evidence-based policies to reduce deaths caused by smoking, quiote irrespective of questions about the quality of the science being conducted or how far it may be being influenced, however inderectly, by its tobacco industry funder. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, January 30, 2020


AbstractThe Cu–Cr phase diagram has been characterized thermodynamically and the subsequently calculated phase diagram is in good agreement with experimental results. The results show that the equilibrium solubility of chromium in copper becomes negligible below 600°C and confirm that the chromium solidus is retrograde.MST/650


In this paper, firstly, a new category of generalized variational inequalities with relative relaxed Lipschitz operators is introduced and an existential theorem for its solutions is given. Secondly, an iterative algorithm to find its approximate solutions is put forward and its convergence to the proper solutions is proved. Finally, a number of the latest results are presented.


Through environmental policies that provide a gradual discussion about the destination of the tailings produced in the most diverse industrial sectors, the sewage sludge is emphasized by the problematic destination arising from the amount of toxic compounds that compose it, compromising its disposal. Aiming to fulfill the sustainable role through the creation of mechanisms that favor the ecological coexistence between environment and human beings, it is possible through the use of construction materials, considered as conventional, the use of calcined sewage sludge as an enhancer of the properties of matrix materials cement, significantly improving its performance against mechanical stresses and degradation mechanisms. Based on the need to implement measures to mitigate environmental impacts through the production of eco-efficient materials, the ashes of sanitary sewage sludge as a partial substitute for Portland cement have now been used as an input in coating mortars. This substitution focuses on reducing the large volume of sludge generated by the Sewage Treatment Plants, as well as on the reduction in the consumption of cement, a large CO2 generator during its manufacturing process. It was observed that through the use of this calcined by-product applied in mortars, a relevant physical-mechanical performance in cementitious materials is ratified, that in comparison to the material without the use of it, better results are observed, resulting from the reactivity conferred to the sludge after the thermal degradation process, making it a pozzolana.


Event extraction is an important research direction in the area of information extraction. But the information extracted from single sentence is always incomplete and implicit. The authors provided a novel algorithm based on co-reference resolution and information fusion basic theory. That algorithm including three steps: event element standardization, co-reference event clustering and element fusion. Through those steps we can fuse all co-reference events and get a more explicit and complete event description at last. The experimental results show that the precision reaches as high as 86.9%.


This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S.
Department of Energy by the University of California, LLNL
under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. The project (03-FS-
027) was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program at LLNL.


The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in mouse peritoneal macrophages differing by histocompatibility locus H-2 after intraperitoneal injection of salmozan, an immunostimulating agent, has been studied. The character of changes in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in peritoneal exudate macrophages after the intraperitoneal injection of salmozan has proved to be unrelated to the genotype of mice. The injection of salmozan induces a deep and prolonged decrease in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in these macrophages. In mice of different strains changes in the activity of 5'-nucleotidase after the intraperitoneal injection of salmozan are of a linear type and can be approximated by a linear regression model.


The rapid growth of distributed real-time systems creates a need for cheap and available network solutions while still fulfilling the real-time requirements. In this paper we propose a method for less pessimistic delay analysis for packet switched first come first serve network, when knowing the intervals of possible message generation. Experiments show that the proposed method generates the expected results according to theoretical limitations of the experiment cases. The experiments also show that the proposed method could be practically used for non-trivial systems. Suggestions are given for future work on how to relax traffic requirements and how to cope with circular dependencies.


Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in asthma, with total serum IgE levels closely related to both clinical expression of the disease and airway hyperresponsiveness. IgE binds to a high affinity cell‐surface receptor (FcεRI) which is present on mast cells and which has also recently been demonstrated on cutaneous dendritic cells. If pulmonary dendritic cells were also able to express this receptor, this would have important implications with regard to their potential role in asthma.


This work describes the transformation of a decision-making support system of utility kind on system based on equal evaluation of criteria. A system based on fuzzy logic is proposed for transformation. Complex impact assesments are shown.


This paper explores how an emerging-market company built a transcultural brand with a fusion strategy. Through an in-depth case study of a Taiwanese company, we found that a transcultural brand can be crafted by applying a fusion strategy across three different organizational levels: the firm's management philosophy, as well as their brand and product development strategies. In short, a fusion strategy entails an organization wide effort that must be planned and managed from the top. The finding not only provides insights into how fusion marketing can be used to develop a cultural branding strategy, but also highlights the importance of applying the processual perspective on international branding. Specifically, study findings indicate that marketers can sustain the growth of their evolving global brand by alternating between the use of a global and local consumer culture positioning strategy. Marketers will therefore no longer have to choose between a global or local consumer culture positioning strategy.


Impulsive differential equations are often used in mathematical modelling to simplify complicated hybrid models. We propose an inverse framework inspired by impulsive differential equations, called impulse extension equations, which can be used as a tool to determine when these impulsive models are accurate. The linear theory is the primary focus, for which theorems analoguous to ordinary and impulsive differential equations are derived. Results explicitly connecting the stability of impulsive differential equations to related impulse extension equations are proven in what we call time scale consistency theorems. Opportunities for future research in this direction are discussed. Following the work of Smith? and Hove-Musekwa on malaria vector control by impulsive insecticide spraying, we propose a novel autonomous vector control scheme based on human disease incidence. Existence and stability of periodic orbits is established. We compare the implementation cost of the incidence-based control to a fixed-time spraying schedule. Hybrid control strategies are discussed.


For any positive integer n, we introduce and study n-strongly Gorenstein FP-injective modules. Some examples are given to show that n-strongly Gorenstein FP-injective modules need not be m-strongly Gorenstein FP-injective modules whenever nm. Many properties of n-strongly Gorenstein FP-injective modules are discussed, some known results are obtained as corollaries. Finally, we characterize n-strongly Gorenstein Von Neumann regular rings in terms of n-strongly Gorenstein FP-injective modules.


Classification of methods of measurement of integrated characteristics by instant values with use of orthogonal harmonious signals is considered. The new approach to the synthesis of such methods is offered. Four methods synthesized on the basis of the given approach are examined.


(57) Abstract: For example, the diagnostic method especially surgical myocardium, to analyze the effect of the intervention. The (i) hollow microcapsules administered to blood vessel of a patient with a perfusion defect, if (ii) optionally, obtaining an ultrasound image of the tissue, at least partially (iii) removing the blockage, the tissue at least so blood flow is increased in one region, to obtain an ultrasonic image after (iv) tissue processing. This is based on the observation of the special properties of the microcapsules in the myocardium. This is also the basis for providing suitable drug at that site.


Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost.1,2 Over the past 3 decades, 2 distinct phenotypes of HF have been recognized: HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).2,3 While the incidence of HFrEF has declined in the community, the incidence of HFpEF continues to increase. In contrast to HFrEF, there are no proven drugtherapies for HFpEF. These factors highlight the need for novel effective approaches to prevention of HF.1


The current conventional wisdom is that rape is wrong because it is contrary to the interest in bodily autonomy: human beings are entitled to decide the conditions under which they will have sex. That is, it is grounded in an assumption that sexual pleasure is a good thing, and it is wrong to subject a person to sexual contact contrary to that person's intentions. But this assumption has not entirely replaced earlier assumptions, such as that sexual activity is always wrong and can be justified only by the need to reproduce the human race, or assumptions that sexual activity is right and good in the context of a lifelong marital commitment, but not otherwise. Here, I examine a number of subplots, themes and episodes within the series Dollhouse, Firefly, Blake's 7, The 4400, and Dawson's Creek with a view to analyzing the issues of sexual consent and autonomy raised within them.


It is well known that a water jet, which after passing through an air layer plunges into a water pool, entrains into this an important amount of air and forms a submerged two-phase region of considerable interfacial area. Therefore, oxygen transfer occurs between bubble dispersion and the pool water. Reviewing existing studies on water jets, most of these works were carried out in circular nozzles. Earlier researchers indicated that the factors affecting the air entrainment characteristics of a water jet were nozzle diameter, water jet velocity, jet length, and jet angle. However, it is insufficient to investigate or discuss the characteristics of a water jet only by these four factors. An important factor that cannot be overlooked is the difference in nozzle shape. This paper investigates oxygen transfer efficiencies of vertical plunging water jets from different typed nozzles such as venturi and circular nozzles with and without air holes. A negative pressure occurred at the air holes of the venturi and the circular nozzles and this phenomenon affected the water jet expansion, the water jet shape, the bubble penetration depth and hence the oxygen transfer efficiency. It was demonstrated that the venturi nozzle with air holes had the higher oxygen transfer efficiencies than the other nozzles tested. Thus, using a simple venturi nozzle with air holes could lead to significantly increased oxygen transfer efficiency.


In the article the local communication network, heterogeneous on the intensity of the incoming message flow and the type of messages, with synchronous time access protocol is considered. All communication stations of the considered local network consist of three substations: speech substations, video information substations and data substations. Speech substations form the speech subnet, video information substations form the video information subnet, and data substations form the data subnet. Substations within the same subnet are homogeneous in their activity. A model of the considered local network in discrete time is being carried out, which allows assessing the effect of the failure processes and restoration of substations of network stations and the communication channel on its characteristics. Based on the developed model of the local network, the probability-time characteristics of the considered network are selected and determined.


Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enable a manifold of exciting new services. UAVs are about to be part of our everyday lives. The range of applications is very broad, ranging from swarms of UAVs that can be used for 3D modeling and surveillance of large areas, to search and rescues and fire fighter missions. An important cornerstone for the development of civil UAVs is communication technology. To ensure lightweight and cheap UAV technology, it is necessary to use existing commodity communication technology and chip-sets for UAV communications. Yet, the impact of the novel aerial and high altitude propagation context on those technologies needs to be understood. In this paper, we analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11 communication, both experimentally and by means of simulation. It is shown that the aerial context results in very different communication performance for an 802.11 network compared to the typical terrestrial context. Decreased shadowing gives a larger number of networks that can be seen, resulting in higher interference and packet loss due to collisions.


Although the macro-economic indicators provided in the 1999 budget generally point to an improving macro-economic environment, the budget also reveals how far the Ghanaian economy is, from achievhg the targets outlined in the Ghana-Vision 2020 document and the First Medium Term Development P h (FMTDP). Furthennore, there is an obvious mconsistenoy between the targets slipdated in the budget and the corresponding targets in the various Vision 2020 documents. These dispuitiesmay reflect a divergence of goals and objectives between the bodies responsible for the two documents. To the extent that this is the case, it undemkestherelwance ofthe Vision 1020 doaument.


The effect of Organophosphate and Carbamate pesticides on indigenous vegetables and local foods in four northeastern provinces, UbonRatchathani, Amnat Chareon, Yasothon and Srisaket, were evaluated. Seven hundreds samples of seven species of plants, animals and insects including Yanang, Phakkayaeng, cricket, grasshopper, field crab and common skimmer were randomly collected from the fields of rice, chili, water melon, eggplant, Chinese kale and yard long bean. The contamination of the pesticides in the samples were tested by the GT testkit® and the data was analyzed by a descriptive statistic method. The result showed that most of the tested samples were detected the residues of the chemicals in the group of Organophosphate and Carbamate. The contaminated species found in high proportions were cricket (90%) and grasshopper (89%). The two indigenous vegetables, Phakkayaeng and Yanang, were also found in high proportion, 71% and 86%, respectively. This study suggests that the consumers who eat the local foods will have a high chance to receive those chemicals via a food chain. According to a survey and interview of people in the study areas, they also concerned about the risk of consuming local foods. All interviewees concerned about the risk in receiving the chemicals via the consumption. The other concerns about chemical contaminations in soil and in water that could pass through the food chains were also in high proportions (96.67 and 97.33, respectively). This finding indicates that indigenous vegetables and local foods are now relatively unsafe to be consumed. Keyword: Insecticide, Indigenous vegetable, Local foods


The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distribution in lead–lead collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector ✩ .ATLAS Collaboration a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the centrality dependence of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions over |η| < 2 in lead–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of √ s NN = 2.76 TeV. In order to include particles with transverse momentum as low as 30 MeV, the data were recorded with the central solenoid magnet off. Charged particles were reconstructed with two algorithms (2-point " tracklets " and full tracks) using information from the pixel detector only. The lead–lead collision centrality was characterized by the total transverse energy in the forward calorimeter in the range 3.2 < |η| < 4.9. Measurements are presented of the per-event charged particle pseudorapidity distribution, dN ch /dη, and the average charged particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 0.5 in several intervals of collision centrality. The results are compared to previous mid-rapidity measurements at the LHC and RHIC. The variation of the mid-rapidity charged particle yield per colliding nucleon pair with the number of participants is consistent with lower √ s NN results. The shape of the dN ch /dη distribution is found to be independent of centrality within the systematic uncertainties of the measurement.


Multi cropping systems are heavy feeders of plant nutrients and are bound to mining the nutrients from the soil. Nutrient use efficiency of micronutrients is extremely low. Huge amount of micro nutrients either fixed in the soil or losses by other means. The chief sources of micronutrients are organic materials available in agriculture farms which are good alternative of micronutrient fertilizers. These include FYM, poultry manure, green manure, compost, animal dung, and crop residues. Micronutrients requirement of various crops through chemicals varied from 1kg (molybdenum) to 50 kg (iron) per ha. Very less part of these nutrients is taken up by the crops and the rest are lost. If these micronutrients are added through organic sources, these are slowly available to the crops as per requirement and larger part is retained by soil for the next crop


We investigated a Pd-TiN thin film as a seed layer for a [Co/Pd] multilayered perpendicular magnetic recording media. The 15-nm Pd-TiN thin film and [Co(0.2 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)] multilayered media were fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering without heating the substrate. The Pd-TiN(20 vol.%) granular seed layer with apparent grain boundaries is considered to provide suitable seeds to [Co/Pd] multilayer and reduced the magnetic exchange coupling of [Co/Pd] grains causing an increase of the perpendicular coercive field and a decrease of the magnetic cluster size for the [Co/Pd] multilayered media. These results suggest that the Pd-TiN seed layer contributed to the formation of physically well-separated [Co/Pd] multilayered grains, improving the magnetic properties of [Co/Pd] multilayered media.


The textile and clothing industry is facing structural changes and will enter into the interdisciplinary market of Smart Textiles. This market has a high market potential, but there is also plenty new challenges. That is why our project systematically investigates the integration and IT security of electronic communication systems in textile products. The main objectives are the scientific investigation of the area of IT security of smart textile products, the transfer of existing security concepts as well as the development of secur innovative prototypes. Based on the knowledge gained, guidelines for further action are deduced and courses for the textile and clothing industry will be created, ensuring an intensive multidisciplinary and cross- industry know-how transfer. This challenge is to be solved by an interdisciplinary team of scientists and companies from the fields of textile and clothing as well as information technology.


Given the significance of anion in life, study of anion recognition attracted great attentions in the past decades. Macrocyclic receptors display intriguing anion binding properties; however, the synthesis of macrocycles is challenging. Here, we reported a new strategy of making tetraurea in one-step. By using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([hmim][X], X = anion) as the solvent and template reagent, tetraurea macrocycle comprised of bis(urea) binding moiety and hexyl chain spacers is selectively formed with high yield. The obtained macrocycles displayed interesting anion binding properties as indicated by single crystal X-ray diffraction structures and computational modelling.


Objective To observe and analysis the clinical curative effect of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of infantile bronchial asthma,providing reference data for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods In our hospital from November 2011 to November 2011 50 were cases of infantile with bronchial asthma for clinical data statistics,50 cases were randomly divided into two groups: control group 25 cases and experimental group 25cases,the control group was conventional treatment with fluticasone propionate nasal spray;Experimental group was given the routine treatment with inhaled corticosteroids therapy.The two groups were observed the differences in pulmonary function changes and other clinical symptoms change.Results By comparison,compared with the control group,the effective rate of the experimental group was 88.00%,and the control group wae only 68.00%,with the traditional routine treat ment with fluticasone propionate nasal spray treatment of compared with significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion The Clinical application of inhaled corticosteroids treatment for infantile bronchial asthma,the treatment effect was re markable,and it was worth for spreading application.


Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual plant belonging to subfamily Chenopodiaceae containing such granite importance, being considered a pseudocereal. For the quinoa to gain widespread attention, to the point of achieving large scale cultivation in Brazil it is necessary for the studies to advance specially in regards to quality of produced seeds. The main aim of this work was to evaluate potential of quinoa seed's production cultivated in different seasons, as well as quality of seeds produced on primary and secondary stalks of quinoa plants from BRS Piabiru, produced in the South of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The evaluated seeding seasons were October, November and December, June, July and August of the years 2015/2016, after the plants were taken to evaluation regarding agronomical characters (fresh mass of ramification glomeruli, main glomeruli, fresh mass of stem from the main, fresh mass of stem ramification, fresh mass of leaves, dry mass of stem ramification, stem from the main, glomeruli from the main, stem ramification, of leaves, diameter of stem and panicle lenght) and quality of seeds (germination, test of cold, accelerated aging, and seed's emergency). Quality of the seed is assured when it's produced after months of July, August and November, given that quality of seeds from main stem is superior.


In order to guide the teaching reform on basketball course and improve the teaching quality on it,the author used questionnaire method to investigate and analyze the study state of which the students were majoring in physical education study basketball course.The survey showed that only 70 percent students like basketball course and during the studying process students separate theory from practice.failing to combine classroom studying with outside studying.In addition,because classroom study objects are simplistic,students only bury themselves in their hard practice,lack of consideration and communication,without arousing sensory organs full to participate in studying.Moreover,Students are not enthusiastic about independent studying and cooperative studying.According to this state,the author proposed specific suggestions on how to improve students' study behavior.


Objective—Focal adhesion kinase–related nonkinase (FRNK), the C-terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a tyrosine-phosphorylated, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)–specific inhibitor of cell migration. FRNK inhibits both FAK and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) in cultured VSMCs, and both kinases may be involved in VSMC invasion during vascular remodeling. Methods and Results—Adenovirally mediated gene transfer of green fluorescent protein–tagged, wild-type (wt) FRNK into balloon-injured rat carotid arteries confirmed that FRNK overexpression inhibited both FAK and PYK2 phosphorylation and downstream signaling in vivo. To identify which kinase was involved in regulating VSMC invasion, adenovirally mediated expression of specific short hairpin RNAs was used to knock down FAK versus PYK2 in cultured VSMCs, but only FAK short hairpin RNA was effective in reducing VSMC invasion. The role of FRNK tyrosine phosphorylation was then examined using adenoviruses expressing nonphosphorylatable (Tyr168Phe-, Tyr232Phe-, and Tyr168,232Phe-) green fluorescent protein–FRNK mutants. wtFRNK and all FRNK mutants localized to FAs, but only Tyr168 phosphorylation was required for FRNK to inhibit invasion. Preventing Tyr168 phosphorylation also increased FRNK-paxillin interaction, as determined by coimmunoprecipitation, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Furthermore, wtFRNK competed with FAK for binding to p130Cas (a critically important regulator of cell migration) and prevented its phosphorylation. However, Tyr168Phe-FRNK was unable to bind p130Cas. Conclusion—We propose a 3-stage mechanism for FRNK inhibition: focal adhesion targeting, Tyr168 phosphorylation, and competition with FAK for p130Cas binding and phosphorylation, which are all required for FRNK to inhibit VSMC invasion.