Topic modeling is an unsupervised method for discovering semantically coherent combinations of words, called topics, in unstructured text. However, the human interpretability of topics discovered from non-natural language corpora, specifically Windows API call logs, is unknown. Our objective is to explore the coherence of topics and their ability to represent the themes of API calls from the perspective of malware analysts. Three Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models were fit to a collection of dynamic API call logs. The topics were manually evaluated by malware analysts. The results were then compared to existing automated quality measures. Participants were able to accurately determine API calls that did not belong to topics learned by the 20 topic model. Our results agree with topic coherence measures in terms of highest interpretable topics. The results are not compatible with log-perplexity, which concur with the findings of topic evaluation literature on natural language corpora.


Of the over one hundred lexical suffixes in Halkomelem Salish, around thirty function as numeral classifiers. This paper discusses the syntax and semantics of Island Halkomelem numeral classifiers. The combination of numeral plus classifying lexical suffix yields a form \_ that can be used attributively or anaphorically. We outline the . \ classificatory system, discussing the meaning of each suffix and the nouns that it classifies. Specific lexical suffixes classify key elements of Salish culture, including people, fish, waterfowl, plants, houses, and canoes. However, most inanimate objects are classified on the basis of their shape. New items get added to the system according to their shape or function.


In a multicentre trial, 120 patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with either 35 μg enprostil b.d. or 400 mg cimetidine b.d. for up to 6 weeks on a double‐blind basis. After 6 weeks, 82% (42/51) of enprostil‐treated patients and 92% (44/48) of cimetidine‐treated patients were healed. Corresponding healing figures on an intention‐to‐treat basis were 70% and 76%. No significant differences were detected between treatments with respect to healing rates or symptom control at any time. Side‐effects were reported by 14 patients taking enprostil and 17 patients taking cimetidine; none were serious but they resulted in withdrawal of one and two patients respectively. Enprostil was found to be similar in efficacy and tolerance to cimetidine.


The clock frequency in digital electronic systems is exceeding the GHz range. A high-speed signal transmission ability of over Gbps is required for a signal transmission line of even a printed wiring board (PWB). We developed a new coaxial PWB technology. The coaxial PWB with coaxial wiring lines was designed for a test system of low-temperature electronic devices. It was fabricated by buildup PWB technology, using a drill to make a vertical shielding wall electrode. The electrical results of the fabricated coaxial PWB were carried out by the time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement and the vector impedance measurement. The characteristic impedances of the coaxial wiring lines were evaluated using a TDR waveform analyzer. The average characteristic impedance was controlled within 50 /spl Omega/ /spl plusmn/ 10 %. The vector impedance measurements were evaluated using a vector network analyzer. The insertion loss was measured to be less than 0.39 dB/cm at 5 GHz.


The article discusses the question what technology should teachers have from 4 aspects as follows: What is the essence to apply technology? What technology should teachers have? How deep technology should teachers have? How do we develop teachers' ability of technology? And thus expounds its significance to China teachers' education and information and technology education.


The review article in which relates innovation as a determining factor in the competitiveness of organizations highlights that companies of the XXI century must present production processes with tools and cutting edge technology, which must be accompanied by a good human talent, which must be qualified, well trained, with good experience in each job position, as well as good salary and physical conditions to be efficient enough so that in the medium or long term he can position himself in the local market, so that in the future it can be expanded to other markets, whether national or international, in order to consolidate itself as a profitable, dynamic, secure company with high management value business criteria.


The purpose of this report was to examine the roles and duties of an assistant principal in a specific school setting. -- Chapter One outlines the internship setting, goals of the internship, on-site supervision, and the internship study. Chapter Two contains a review of the literature pertinent to the roles and duties of the assistant principal. Chapter Three reports the internship experience. -- As part of the internship experience the assistant principal was assisted when it was feasible to do so. As well, using Mintzberg's method of structured observation, the daily activities of the assistant principal were documented over a period of 35 teaching days between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. -- This report not only detailed the roles and duties of an assistant principal in a specific situation, but also discussed the roles and duties of an assistant principal from the perspectives of researchers, principals, assistant principals, and teachers. These differing perspectives were then compared to the situation observed and similarities and differences were identified. The major finding was that the assistant principal at the internship school was not an instructional leader and that his time was largely taken up with management.


In this paper, the author examines the implications of the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in Doucet-Boudreau v. Nova Scotia (Minister of Education) on a superior court's jurisdiction to supervise government compliance with remedial orders in constitutional litigation. Drawing parallels between constitutionally-based judicial supervision and the traditional remedies judges exercise in equity, the author argues that the former is a natural extension of the latter types of equitable remedies and that the apparent stark division between the majority and minority decisions in the Supreme Court can be more readily explained by procedural preferences and the degree of deference each would afford the governmental decision-making body.


In  the present study, some novel amino acids incorporated bicyclo compounds have been synthesized and their structure was confirmed by physico-chemical and spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for in silico toxicity study and anticonvulsant activity by maximal electric shock method. The results showed that substitution with cysteine and glutamic acid moiety was found to increase the activity. In silico toxicity study results showed that the compounds are free of toxicity in neurotoxicity, irritability, sensitivity, immunotoxicity and oncogenecity Key words: Maximal electrical shock method; anticonvulsant activity; in silico toxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2607 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 42-47


A meeting of the Society was held in the F.B.I. building on Wednesday, July 8, to give members an opportunity of hearing Dr. Dresler, Prof. Blackwell and Mr. Crouch speak on recent developments concerning lighting codes in Australia and the U.S.A. In the unavoidable absence of the President the chair was taken by Mr. A. H. F. Olson, VicePresident, who briefly introduced the speakers. He said that the Society had taken advantage of their being in England, following the C.I.E. meetings at Brussels, and that they had most kindly consented to give up part of their holiday periodfor the benefit of I.E.S. members. The first speaker was Dr. A. Dresler, of the Australian Department of Labour and National Service, Melbourne. He began by emphasising that the recently published Code was not an I.E.S. document but a national standard for which the Standards Association of Australia was responsible. He went on to say that its scope was confined to working interiors such as factories, workshops, offices and the like. It had been drawn up with two objects in mind, viz., to make the task easy to see and to provide a good visual environment. Values of illumination were based on those given in the British I.E.S. Code, with small modifications here and there. Much attention was paid to brightness distribution in the field of view. It was assumed that the reflection factors of ceilings and the upper parts of walls would be fairly high and a minimum percentage was recommended for the upward light from fittings. This was 10 to 15 in industrial premises and 30 to 50 in offices. The two types of glare, reflected and direct, were dealt with separately. With regard to the former, the recommendations were to avoid glossy surfaces as far as possible and to position the light sources so that their reflections in such surfaces were not visible to the worker. Sometimes it was impossible to comply with these conditions and then the downward luminance should be limited to a value related to the general level of illumination. The limit recommended, in candelas per sq. inch, was one-twelfth of the illumination in lumens per sq. foot. Here Dr. Dresler made the remark that the object of the Code was to prevent bad lighting rather than to assist in producing exceedingly good installations; that was the task of the lighting engineer. With regard to direct glare the Code went into some detail. It contained tables of maximum


In the phototherapeutic use of photosensitizers, lipophilicity is an important parameter that allows predicting their biological activity, accumulation of the drugs in the organism, and, especially, their penetration into cell membranes. Several novel hydroxyphenyl derivatives of porphyrin were synthesized and their experimental log P determined using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography together with the use of log PRekker, which was calculated on the basis of fragmentation constants available in the literature.


Objective:To study the diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal tumor.Method:The clinical data of 36 patients with retrorectal tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Result:Despite the different origin of tumor tissues,the principal manifestations were changing in habit of defecation and pain of the anus or sacrococcygeal region.Clinical diagnosis was made mainly by routine digital rectal examination,ultrasound and CT scans.Tumor was completely resected in 25 patients,partially resected in 6.The resection rate of tumor was 86.11%.Operative complications included hemorrhage,rectal injury and presacral infection.Conclusion:Preoperative imaging examination is helpful to define the location of tumor and choice of the operation type.The key point to resect tumor lies in a rational selection of operative way and manner.


Ba was an ancient state with magnificent civilizat ion , which located in the upper reaches of the Han River in the Shang, West Zhou dy nasties and the the Peorid of Spring and Autumn. The culture of Ba state was different from the cultures in Ba districts which distributed over east Sich uan and west Hubei until the Peri od of Warring States. It was the Period of Warring States for the two cultures t o merge into one organic whole. Ba Chu culture was a district culture distrbuted through the upper reaches of the Han River, east Sichuan and west Hubei, where was the former territory of Ba state but seized by Chu state in the middle Perio d of Warring States. Ba Chu culture was the result of the exchang for a long-te rm between Ba and Chu cultures in the land.


nor was the statue Periander's memorial; nor does Hdt. ascribe its explanation to the Corinthians. Add a reference to Bowra, Mus. Helv. 20 (1963) 121-34. Chapter 4, p. 63: Consolatio ad Apollinem: O God, cheer up? 69: 7t&q is not a precise number. 71: add reference to C. de Heer, MAKAP-EYAAIMQN-OABIOLEYTYXHI (The Hague, 1969). Chapter 5, p. 76: the repetitions do not emphasize retribution. 79, 85: the most striking repetition (with reversal), cruux|>opf)v...Koi)<j>6TaTa (1.35.4) and Pocpucruu.<|)op&TaTO<; (1.45.3), cries out for mention, but is relegated to a later footnote (p. 94 n.8). 81: ftv9pcoj:oi, 'mankind', is ludicrously connected with fovBpame, 'my good man'; fanciful comments on the same word at p. 111. 84-5: of course answers repeat words in questions. 95: L. misses the point, the meaning of the name Adrastos. 96 (and 75): 1.44.2 is not bravura blasphemy. 101-3: L. emphasizes that Adrastos is an outsider—but Croesus has welcomed him into his household (1.35.4, 41.4). 104: Hdt. does not call Adrastos the ^ovetq of Atys, but, startlingly, of Croesus. Chapter 6, p. 108 n.l: add a reference to Burkert in Catalepton (Festschrift Wyss, ed. C. Schablin, Basel 1985) 4-15. 108-9: arguments against the theory of a dramatic trilogy should have been mentioned. 114: L. implies that Hdt. wrote the oracle, and does not realise that mantic vocabulary differs from that of prose. Pp. 114-23 are particularly weak; so are 160-75. Chapter 7, p. 143: keeping cattle in 'the mountainous part of Medea' is a splendidly comic notion. 154: the 'King's Eye' will not remind us of Harpagos, who (as L. admits) is never given this title. 165: discovery through beating is not remotely similar to revenge through murder. 165 n. 7: L. does not understand the meaning of square brackets. 168: it is more important that Hdt. normally uses 0opf| of the food of beasts. 171: a gruesomely dotty parallel between 1.119-6-7 and 109.4. 173: 'how little any subject has to say' is contradicted three lines before. Chapter 8 considers differences between Herodotean narrative and tragedy (which L. calls 'tragic narrative'); only the last few pages are relevant to his theme. 181: choral odes have little in common with Hdt. 183: L. underplays the extent to which tragedy prepares for a situation (Choeph., Medea); and the portrayal of violent acts on stage is infrequent, not forbidden. 185: tragedy does not always describe 'locales', nor elaborate on the results of the catastrophe. 188: add a reference to H. Bischoff, Der Warner bei Herodot (Leipzig 1932). 18990: there is surely catharsis and horror in Hdt. 190: symbouleutic speeches do not rob his narrative of freshness. Furthermore: pp. 49-50: otKT|iEt>VTai is not part of oiKfeco; 156: not 'cannot account for' but 'took no notice of; 170: K&veov, 'basket', not 'sideboard'. Myres and Mitradates are consistently misspelt; Beazley ARV is cited from the first edition. 'Taxonified' (2) is rebarbative, and the noun 'a thematic' (71 etc.) is a horrific. There are a few good points, e.g. on pp. 44, 48, 82, 87, 90-1, 99-100, 154: the summaries are well done, and the bibliographies useful. No use has been made of M. L. Lang, Herodotean Narrative and Discourse (Cambridge, Mass. 1984). There is no index verborum, no index locorum. The book is crisply reproduced from typescript (unjustified). I hate to write so harshly about a young man's work; the real fault lies with those who permitted its publication.


The Public Defence Solicitors' Office (PDSO) was established in Edinburgh on 1 October 1998. The enabling legislation required that it be formally evaluated, and a report presented to Parliament within three years. Research was therefore commissioned to compare criminal defence services delivered through the PDSO with those delivered through private practice solicitors under the legal aid scheme. The comparison was undertaken with reference to four criteria: · cost-effectiveness; · the quality of services provided; · client satisfaction; and · the contribution of each delivery method to the efficiency of the criminal justice system, including the impact on the courts, the Procurator Fiscal service, the police and the judiciary. This study was confined to representation in summary proceedings (that is, proceedings without a jury). During the period of the study, the Office did not undertake solemn work, before a judge and jury.


Let $p$ be an odd prime. For field extensions $L/\mathbb{Q}_p$ with Galois group isomorphic to the dihedral group $D_{2p}$ of order $2p$, we consider the problem of computing a basis of the associated order in each Hopf Galois structure and the module structure of the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_L$. We provide a complete solution for Hopf Galois structures of dihedral type and present a practical method for the cyclic type. We give a complete answer for $p=3$ and $p=5$ and we see that within this family of dihedral extensions we do not have a uniform behavior with respect to the ring of integers being free over the associated Hopf order.


bis article deals with the excavations of the Raakkyla Porrinmokki settlement site in eastern Finland. In one of the excavation areas in particular the find distribution was care fully taken into account. The resulting find pattern is interpreted as two hut floor areas. The meticulous recording of finds makes it possible to examine some of the formation processes of the find distribution, and combined with the rich ceramic material it can also shed light on the chronological sequence of the site. The ceramic vessels, though few in number, form a material with a long chronological span. The finds include Typical and Late Comb Ware, Early Asbestos Ware, KierikkilPolja Ware and Early Metal Period Wares. The studies on the horizontal stratigraphy as well as on the cleaning effects and the phosphate values show that the floor area of the larger hut was occupied twice (Early Asbestos and Comb Ware). The floor area of the smaller hut was used mainly during the period of the Kierikki/Polja Ware. Petro Pesonen, Korppaanmaentie 36 A 2, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland.


Polyester dendrimers bearing carbazole units at their peripheries were synthesized by attaching 3,5-bisl4-(9-carbazoly)butoxy]benzoic acid to the peripherical phenoxy groups. The phenoxy-terminated polyester dendrimcrs were synthesized by hydrogenation of the corresponding benzyloxy-terminated polyester dendrimers. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed with IR, 'H NMR. MALDITOF MS and GPC. The reaction conditions for attaching 3,5-bis[4-(9-carbazolyl)butoxy]benzoic acid to the peripherical phenoxy groups of polyester dendrimers were studied. Fluorescence spectra studies showed that there exist strong intramolecular interactions in the carbazole dendrimer molecules.


The present invention of formula (I): [Formula 1] Wherein, L, X, Y, Z 1, Z 2, R 1, R 2, R 3 and G Compounds represented in; provide and their therapeutic use; their preparation; pharmaceutical compositions containing them; Method for producing a drug composition. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of metalloproteinase MMP12, is particularly useful for the treatment of obstructive airways diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


SUMMARY Atechniqueusing a biotin-streptavidinpolyalkalinephosphatasecomplex was applied to routinelyfixedandprocessedbiopsyspecimensoflaryngealpapillomatafrom45patientstaken over the past 20 years to detecthumanpapillomavirus(HPV) types 6and11.Twothirdsofbothadultandjuvenile onset caseswere positiveforHPV6 or HPV 11 or both.Five specimens ofnormalvocalcordepithelium were negativeforHPV6and 1 1. Thedetailedclinicalhistory,endoscopicfindings, success of treatment andeventualprognosis were comparedwiththeHPV state ofbiopsymaterialforeachpatient. Patients with multiple confluent lesions when first seen, whose histology showed floridkoilocytosisandwhohadstronglypositivereactivityforHPV6 or 11 present inthesurfaceepithelialcell nuclei, had apoor prognosisrequiringmultipleendoscopies to controltheirdisease. The viral aetiology of laryngeal papillomatosis wasfirst suggested in 1923 by Ullman, whoreported theexperimental transmission of wartsto the vaginaof adog and to his ownarm using an extract


Pedagogical concept of Edmund Bojanowski indicates the way of integral human being development from an early age in the perspective of its whole life and eternal happiness. The crucial goal of upbringing is integral development of human being aiming at achievement of human and Christian maturity. Bojanowski he perceives great meaning of upbringing process in the whole context of religious connotations, and relations with the nature, and with history. In his upbringing he accepted the biblical concept of man and the resulting truth about the essence of human life, its aim and laws of development. He used broad experience of human mankind and its accomplishments in the area of philosophy, literature and developing pedagogy. He picked up everything which was the most valuable and suitable for the specificity of human development, its nature and social environment.


This article focuses on developing an integrated hybrid model for studying the thermal dynamic operations of passive buildings considering active power management. For this, the following methodology is designed. First, the hybrid model, including a procedure for identifying model parameters, is established. Second, the model is simulated and results compared with EnergyPlusTM counterparts for validation using three different climatic zones. Third, the energy optimization framework considering all the active energy sources in the building is illustrated. Finally, the model is utilized within Model Predictive Control (MPC) and optimization framework across multiple prediction horizons to demonstrate its capability for extensive applications in complex demand management programs and advanced transactive operations. The results show that the model has an average of 4% error compared with EnergyPlusTM results, and the formulated framework has an intuitive interpretation of prioritizing natural ventilation operation while effectively coordinating building energy resources for a 65% reduction in peak electricity usage in the evaluated zone.


Rapid and dramatic demographic and technological changes require our nation's schools, colleges, and universities to work with agility in preparing students - particularly those from diverse backgrounds - for careers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, including computer science. Exploring the interplay of technology, education, and inclusion over the past 50 years, Dr. Hrabowski examines what this means for our future work in higher education. Computing education provides a critically important case. As the sector evolves rapidly, many well-paid jobs go unfilled and we must explore ways to draw on talent wherever it is found. Emphasizing themes from his TED talk on student success, Dr. Hrabowski focuses our attention on the importance of high expectations and hard work, building community among students, faculty engagement with students, and rigorous assessment of what works. He assesses the way innovative approaches - including course re-design, active and experiential learning, research, and partnerships with companies and agencies - promote student success, inclusive excellence, and achievement for all students both in STEM generally and computer science in particular.


Now in the 21st century, both physical and psychological health are associated with technology. By the late March 2020, the Indian government announced multiple lockdowns to fight with COVID-19 pandemic which included the shutdown of all educational institutes due to which all schools, college, and universities had shifted all their classes online by using video conferencing apps which also accounted for a large proportion of tasks that resulted in increased screen time after lockdown compared to pre-lockdown during COVID-19. So, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of increased usage of the screen on Psychological and physical health during the COVID-19 among Indian Students. A cross sectional survey was conducted on Indian students by using self- made Questionnaire with snowball sampling method. A total of 210 responses were received online from various schools and colleges students between 15th August to 30th August 2020. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the screen time spent before and during COVID (t= 19.96; p<0.01). Similarly, a statistically significant positive correlation at 0.01 level was found between screen usage time during COVID-19 pandemic with backache (0.62), neck pain (0.71), headache (0.50), and weight gain (0.52) and with mental health (0.40). Hence the study concluded positive association between screen time with physical and psychological health during COVID-19 among Indian students. It further implies that adequate preventive health measures need to be incorporated among students. There is a scope of further study to identify the impact of over usage of screen on health of individuals of specific population i.e., either adolescents or adults' group and also on the larger sample size to get more reliable and accurate results.


New officers and members-at-large were elected to the AOFAS Board of Directors at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society meeting in Vancouver, BC, on July 17, 2009. Charles L. Saltzman, MD, was installed as President and Keith L. Wapner, MD, was elected as President-Elect, both to serve 1-year terms. Judith F. Baumhauer, MD, was elected for a 1-year term as Vice President. Steven L. Haddad, MD, was elected Secretary for a 2-year term. Other new Board members elected were J. Chris Coetzee, MD, and Stephen J. Pinney, MD, each for 2-year Memberat-Large positions. Continuing Board members are Robert B. Anderson, MD, Immediate Past President, Steven D.K. Ross, MD, Past President, Lew C. Schon, MD, Treasurer, and Jeffrey E. Johnson, MD, and Naomi N. Shields, MD, as Members-atLarge. To learn more about the AOFAS, go to www.aofas.org. After his election, Dr. Saltzman gave the following address: I am honored and humbled by this opportunity to serve at the helm of the society next year. I promise you from the bottom of my heart, I will do my very best. I have enjoyed a very, very good life. I had the good fortune to have parents who emphasized working hard, always doing your best, and serving others. I further had the remarkable luck to meet and marry Ingrid Nygaard, an incredibly talented and wonderful woman. We are blessed with two delightful, loving children, Hanna and Erik, whose futures are bright. So, on balance, the foundation for my life has been a solid, strong basis for my happiness, personal satisfaction, and productivity. My work life has similarly been a strong source of happiness and contentment. I have made many close friendships through work, and would like to mention some that have influenced me for the better and have shaped my view of leadership of the AOFAS. My career in orthopaedics really started on match day. I was fortunate to have trained in Ann Arbor. Doctors Kaufer, Hensinger, and Matthews taught that to be an orthopaedist required both understanding the fundamentals of our field and questioning orthopaedic dogma. Their quest for truth and expectations of excellence impacted many trainees of that generation, including our own: Doctors Bruce Sangeorzean, Jim Holmes, Doug Beaman, Brian Donley, Paul Fortin, Pat Thomas, Tuvi Mendel, and Art Manoli, just to mention a few. After Ann Arbor I moved to Scottsdale and had the great fortune to spend a year with the magnanimous, incredibly cool, and always mischievous Ken Johnson. For those who did not know Ken (who died tragically in a plane crash 16 years ago), he, along with Roger Mann and Ted Hansen, stimulated great interest in foot and ankle as a subspecialty of orthopaedics. Characteristically, they never agreed on anything, except the importance of making informed decisions when treating foot and ankle patients. Ken taught us to have fun with work, to challenge "unquestioned answers," to solve "unanswered questions," and to report our findings to other surgeons. In his words: "This is fun to do, and in the end, the patient wins." From Scottsdale, I moved to Iowa City to join a group that influenced me deeply. In 1991 I started as the junior partner to Ignacio Ponseti, Stuart and Jim Weinstein, Jody Buckwalter, and Dick Brand, to mention a few. Later, Ned Amendola joined the group and completed what for me was the perfect team. I learned that in life including work life culture trumps strategy. The Iowa departmental culture, set by Arthur Steindler and Ignacio Ponseti to value questioning, learning, mentoring, educating, sharing insights, and findings and improving organizational societies, resonated with my upbringing and training. I am convinced that this approach is fundamental to ensure the future of our field and to continuously improve patient outcomes. As some of you know, I moved to Salt Lake City years ago when offered a leadership position at the university. I felt I could bring the ethic and skills I had learned in Ann Arbor, Scottsdale, and Iowa to a young department with great potential. I am blessed with phenomenal partners, especially Tim Beals and Florian Nickisch, and a vibrant faculty. A part of the cultural expectations of the Michigan, Mayo, Iowa, and Utah departments is service to orthopaedic organizations. In the AOFAS, my first opportunity was to work on Ian Alexander's measurement and terminology task force. I learned from Ian how talented and collegial 807


Advantages of FUT The greatest advantage of FUT is the naturalness of the final cosmetic result. The tufting seen with plugs and minigrafts does not occur with follicular unit grafts. Grafts may be placed among pre-existent hair in zones of thinning without the loss of such pre-existent hair in most cases. If such pre-existent hair should partially shed due to the procedure, in most instances, it will re-grow synchronously with the grafts placed. Healing of both donor and recipient areas is rapid. Scarring of cosmetic significance is uncommon in both donor and recipient areas if known surgical principles are followed. The most important of these principles is donor closure without significant tension. While no rules are absolute, a good rule of thumb is not to exceed 1.3cm in width on the initial donor strip and not greater than 1cm on subsequent re-harvest in the donor area. Manual checking of mobility prior to marking the donor width may change such general rules. FUT has greatly expanded the number of candidates for transplantation because of its careful use of the donor area. Rarely is the donor area depleted before the recipient area is completed to realistic expectations established before the onset. Cases done by plug and minigraft methods may be greatly improved by elimination of tufting usually with a single session of FUT. Scars involving the scalp, beard, Transplanted Grafts Should Consist Only of Naturally Occurring Follicular Units


In this paper we examine recent efforts to combine quantitative research on the democratic peace with research on interstate rivalry. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we highlight problems with separately analyzing the processes associated with rivalry and the democratic peace. Specifically, we specify a multiprocess model and demonstrate that previous research on this topic may overestimate the pacifying effect of democracy on enduring rivalries. Since pairs of democracies are unlikely to experience interstate rivalry in the first place, the true effect of joint democracy is difficult to ascertain in a censored sample of interstate rivals. Our simulation results are consistent with historical data analysis that suggests that the pacifying effect of democracy is most pronounced in the enhanced probability of jointly democratic dyads averting the onset of rivalry. More generally, this article fits into a larger body of research that examines the confounding effect of selection bias on world politics research.


s of Scientific Papers and Posters Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Academic Physiatrists Daytona Beach, Florida


This artical deals with the service of college library of which run by local people and subsidized by state in three respects: first, besides the source of its owned documents and information, sub\|college should make fall use of the general library; secondly, using new method to offer more humane and liberal service; thirdly, to build new facilities of information service and enhance the level of guidance to readers.


We present a narrow-linewidth second-harmonic source based on a laser diode injection locked to an optically poled silicon nitride microresonator. The device is a compact, highly-coherent dual-wavelength source, with high conversion efficiency up to 280%/W.


Steganography is a widely-used technique for digital data hiding. Image steganography is the most popular among all other kinds of steganography. In this article, a novel key-based blind method for RGB image steganography where multiple images can be hidden simultaneously is described. The proposed method is based on Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) which provides enhanced security as well as improve the quality of the stego. Here, the cover image has been taken as RGB although the method can be implemented on grayscale images as well. The fundamental concept of visual cryptography has been utilized here in order to increase the capacity to a great extent. To make the method more robust and imperceptible, pseudo-random number sequence and a correlation coefficient have been used for embedding and the extraction of the secrets, respectively. The robustness of the method is tested against steganalysis attacks such as crop, rotate, resize, noise addition, and histogram equalization. The method has been applied on multiple sets of images and the quality of the resultant images have been analyzed through various matrices namely 'Peak Signal to Noise Ratio,' 'Structural Similarity index,' 'Structural Content,' and 'Maximum Difference.' The results obtained are very promising and have been compared with existing methods to prove its efficiency.


Procedure for preparing a cream for skin application comprising a cream base formed by an aqueous phase and a fatty phase, the method comprising the steps of: # - Select a variety of pigments iron oxide # - Disperse pigments. oxide selected iron # -. mix in the aqueous phase pigments iron oxide with cellulose to a homogeneous mixture. # - mix in the fat phase vegetable oil and particles of titanium oxide coated with hydrogenated lecithin # -. emulsify aqueous phase with the fat phase leaving stand at room temperature.


Significance Despite growing up in the same family, siblings do not always see their family's social standing identically. Eighteen-year-old twins who rated their family as having higher social standing, compared with their cotwin's rating, had fewer difficulties negotiating the transition to adulthood: they were less likely to be convicted of a crime, not in education, employment, or training, and had fewer mental health problems. The same pattern of findings was not seen earlier in adolescence when the twins were aged 12 y. By late adolescence, young people's beliefs about where their family was located in a hierarchical social system signaled how well they were doing, irrespective of their families' access to objective financial resources and their earlier psychological vulnerabilities. Children from lower-income households are at increased risk for poor health, educational failure, and behavioral problems. This social gradient is one of the most reproduced findings in health and social science. How people view their position in social hierarchies also signals poor health. However, when adolescents' views of their social position begin to independently relate to well-being is currently unknown. A cotwin design was leveraged to test whether adolescents with identical family backgrounds, but who viewed their family's social status as higher than their same-aged and sex sibling, experienced better well-being in early and late adolescence. Participants were members of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a representative cohort of British twins (n = 2,232) followed across the first 2 decades of life. By late adolescence, perceptions of subjective family social status (SFSS) robustly correlated with multiple indicators of health and well-being, including depression; anxiety; conduct problems; marijuana use; optimism; not in education, employment, or training (NEET) status; and crime. Findings held controlling for objective socioeconomic status both statistically and by cotwin design after accounting for measures of childhood intelligence (IQ), negative affect, and prior mental health risk and when self-report, informant report, and administrative data were used. Little support was found for the biological embedding of adolescents' perceptions of familial social status as indexed by inflammatory biomarkers or cognitive tests in late adolescence or for SFSS in early adolescence as a robust correlate of well-being or predictor of future problems. Future experimental studies are required to test whether altering adolescents' subjective social status will lead to improved well-being and social mobility.


Broca's aphasia is a term that refers to language disturbance characterized by halting, disfluent, effortful speech. Historically, this type of impairment is associated with damage to the superior frontal convolutions of the left temporal lobe. This area is generally described as Broca's area, after Pierre Broca, who first associated this language impairment with damage to the left temporal lobe. Broca's research was first presented to the French Academy of Anthropology in 1861. Subsequent to Broca's early descriptions it was reported, first by the Pitres (1898), that there was a type of Broca's aphasia in which parts of speech were selectively omitted. In this condition, in addition to effortful, disfluent speech, verbs are almost always uttered in progressive form with no apparent use of inflectional morphology, derivational morphology appears to be retained but only in nominal or adjectival form, and functional elements -determiners, complementizers, modals, prepositions and quantifiers are noticeably lacking. This style of speech was described as agrammatic or telegrammatic because the utterances seem to be formed without regard to the niceties of the grammar and are reminiscent of the economy of style used in telegrams. The term 'agrammatism' has come to be associated with this condition.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder that is caused by a mutation in the gene for dystrophin leading to a loss of the dystrophin protein from the muscle cell (myofiber) membrane. Viscoelastic Strain Response (ViSR) ultrasound is a new, quantitative acoustic radiation force (ARF) based elastographic imaging method to calculate τ, the viscoelastic relaxation time constant for constant stress. We have investigated the use of ViSR imaging in human DMD. Imaging was performed in vivo on the right rectus femoris (RF), sartorius (SART), and gastrocnemius (GAST) muscles of two boys with DMD. The boys were 5- and 9-years-old at the time of imaging. ViSR results in the 5-year-old showed an average of 27.0%, 6.6%, and 18.2% fat/necrosis composition in the RF, SART, and GAST, respectively. In the 9-year old subject, ViSR showed an average fat/necrosis composition of 66.7% in the RF, 9.1% in the SART, and 37.2% in the GAST. These results are consistent with both the known phenotypic response of the three muscles and with functional testing results and point to ViSR's potential relevance as a novel outcome measure for diagnostics and clinical trials in DMD.


A temperature fiber sensor based on tapered fiber Bragg grating (tapered FBG) fabricated by femtosecond laser has been proposed and realized with good reproducibility. Firstly, the fiber taper with 25 μm diameter and 1000 μm length is fabricated by arc-discharge elongation using two standard single-mode fibers. Secondly, two first-order FBGs are fabricated in tapered and non-tapered fiber regions for comparison. Both FBGs are point-by-point direct-written by femtosecond laser, and the grating lengths are 1000 μm. Thirdly, a temperature experiment is performed using a heating chamber, and experimental results show that in the range of 30~350 °C, the temperature sensitivity of the tapered FBG has increased from 11.0 pm/°C to 12.3 pm/°C. The tapered FBG proposed here can be further configured for sensing other parameters in physical, chemical, and biomedical applications.


Abstract— U, Th, and Pb isotopes and rare earth elements (REEs) in individual phosphate grains from martian meteorites Lafayette and Yamato‐000593/000749 were measured using a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP). Observed U‐Pb data of 12 apatite grains from Yamato (Y‐) 000593/000749 are well represented by linear regressions in both "conventional" 2D isochron plots and the 3D U‐Pb plot (total Pb/U isochron), indicating that the formation age of this meteorite is 1.53 ± 0.46 Ga (2σ). On the other hand, the data of nine apatite grains from Lafayette are well represented by planar regression rather than linear regression, indicating that its formation age is 1.15 ± 0.34 Ga (2σ) and that a secondary alteration process slightly disturbed its U‐Pb systematics as discussed in the literature regarding Nakhla. The observed REE abundance patterns of the apatites in Lafayette and Yamato‐000749, normalized to CI chondrites, are characterized by a progressive depletion of heavy REEs (HREEs), a negative Eu anomaly, similarity to each other, and consistency with previously reported data for Nakhla. Considering the extensive data from other radiometric systems such as Sm‐Nd, Rb‐Sr, Ar‐Ar, and trace elements, our results suggest that the parent magmas of the nakhlites, including the newly found Y‐000593/000749, are similar and that their crystallization ages are ˜1.3 Ga.


Political elites tend to favor their home region when distributing resources. But what explains how political power is distributed across a country's regions to begin with? Explanations of cabinet formation focus on short-term strategic bargaining and some emphasize that ministries are allocated equitably to minimize conflict. Using new data on the cabinet members (1960–2010) of 16 former British and French African colonies, I find that some regions have been systematically much more represented than others. Combining novel historical and geospatial records, I show that this regional political inequality derives not from colonial-era development in general but from colonial-era education in particular. I argue that post-colonial ministers are partly a byproduct of civil service recruitment practices among European administrators that focused on levels of literacy. Regional political inequality is an understudied pathway through which colonial legacies impact distributive politics and unequal development in Africa today. JEL: F54, I26, N37, N47


It was theorized that an answer-until-correct procedure, whereby an examinee marks responses tc each multiple-choice question until feedback indicates that the correct answer has been marked, would yield scores cf greater reliability and validity than conventional number-right procedure. Two papers and an application exercise for an undergraduate educational psychology class provided criterion measures with which validities of multiple-choice tests scores derived by each procedure were compared. Findings consistently favored the answeruntil correct method over number-right method in two reliability comparisons and in six validity comparisons. Importance and applications of findings are discussed. (Author)


Aggregates of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused truncated N-terminal huntingtin containing abnormally long polyglutamine tracts (150 repeats of glutamine residue) were purified from an ecdysone-inducible mutant neuro2A cell line (HD150Q-28) by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. To analyze the aggregate-interacting proteins, we subjected the purified aggregates to SDS-PAGE; prominent protein bands in the gel were digested with Achromobactor lysyl endopeptidase, followed by a HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The resulting data of tandem MS analysis revealed that, in addition to ubiquitin and widely reported chaperone proteins such as heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70), human DNA J-1 (HDJ-1), and HDJ-2, the translational elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and heat shock protein 84 (HSP84) also were recognized as aggregate-interacting proteins. Sequestration of these proteins to aggregates was confirmed further by several immunochemical methods. We confirmed that, in addition to the other known proteins, EF-1α and HSP84 also colocalized with the intracellular aggregates. An assay of the transient expression of EF-1α and HSP84 in HD150Q-28 cells revealed that both proteins improved cell viability. Moreover, the rate of aggregate formation decreased in both transfectants. Our study suggests that both EF-1α and HSP84 are involved in the neurodegenerative process of polyglutamine diseases.


Author(s): Raffray, A. R.; Pulsifer, J.; Tillack, M. S. | Abstract: Effective heat transfer is essential in a variety of energy technologies in order to enable the maximum possible power density and power conversion efficiency needed for economic competitiveness and fuel conservation. A particularly difficult heat transfer problem exists with gas coolants, due to their inherently low heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Innovative techniques have been proposed previously using porous metal heat transfer media infiltrated by the coolant. The general design strategy is to minimize the coolant flow path length in contact with the porous medium, and to minimize the friction factor in that zone while simultaneously maximizing the heat transfer coefficient. In this work we seek to develop improved phenomenological thermal-hydraulic models in order to assess various porous heat transfer media and to help optimize the heat transfer coefficient while minimizing the associated fluid friction in innovative design concepts. The results will be applied to the field of fusion energy research, where extreme thermal conditions exist and gas coolants are favored due to their inherent safety features.


At the Niigata Pharmacy, there were 3,402 inquiries about prescriptions during the period from April 2001 to March 2002, and 1,055 of these inquiries were safety-related, equivalent to 31.0% of all inquiries and 1.60% of all prescriptions. Among these safety-related inquiries, there were 566 adverse effect-related cases (16.6% of all inquiries) and 489 were symptom aggravation-related cases (14.4% of all inquiries). The breakdown of the safety-related inquiries was 30.7 % for


Abstract Coal ploughs have proved very successful on many faces in various parts of the world. Recently, there has been a general tendency in longwall working to increase the speed at which the machine progresses along the coal face. An increase in production rate demands enhances either due to depth of penetration or cutting speed. This, in turn, results in increasing power demand and also the force acting on an individual pick. To get maximum efficiency from a cutting machine, a number of parameters need to be investigated. The first and foremost thing of interest is naturally the pick geometry. The cutting force can be expected to depend mainly on the rack angle and clearance angle of the tool. The second parameter is the cutting depth, which when enhanced, increases the rate of advancement and, at the same time, results in enhanced cutting force. This results in large power demand and increases wear of picks. Thirdly, cutting speed, in which higher cutting speed will increase the production rate but at the same time is expected to enhance the power demand and the cutting force. This paper aims at investigating the cutting efficiency of the plough by simulating the coal cutting operation in the laboratory. The effect of three main parameters like pick geometry, cutting depth, and cutting speed, on cutting efficiency have been studied in detail. The cutting force elevates at a faster rate with an increase in depth at higher speeds. The percentage increase in force is nearly 20% for a speed increase of 20%.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively and automatically feed and wind a hose by providing a winding drum rotating with a hose reel and providing an elastic device generating pull strength in a hose winding direction in a hose winding device for a crane excavating vehicle. SOLUTION: A hose winding device arranged on a movable jib of a crane excavating vehicle is provided with a shaft 13 rotatably supported on a fixing device 2 through a bearing. A hose reel 11 for a water hose 12 is attached to the shaft 13. A winding drum 5 is fixed to the opposite position to the hose reel 1 of the fixing device 2, and is allowed to wind up a load cable 6 such as a steel cable. To the right side of the winding drum 5, a thrust connecting valve 3 and the like are connected. On a second fixing device 7, a cylinder 8 including a spring apparatus 10 is mounted perpendicular to an axis A, and one end of the steel cable 6 is connected and fixed to one end of the spring apparatus 10.


In order to assess the moisture content of wood chips on an industrial scale, readily applicable techniques are required. Thus, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate moisture in wood chips by means of partial least squares regressions. NIR spectra were obtained in spectrometer with an integrating sphere and optical fiber probe, on the longitudinal and transverse surface of Eucalyptus wood chips. The specimens had their masses and NIR spectra measured in 10 steps during drying from saturated to anhydrous condition. Principal Component Analysis was performed to explore the effect of moisture of wood chip on NIR signatures. The values of moisture content of chips were associated with the respective NIR spectra by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to estimate the moisture content of wood chips and its moisture classes, respectively. Model developed from spectra recorded on the longitudinal face by the integrating sphere method presented statistics slightly better (R²cv = 0,96; RMSEcv = 7,15 %) than model based on optical fiber probe (R²cv = 0,90; RMSEcv = 11,86 %). This study suggests that for calibration of robust predictive model for estimating moisture content in chips the spectra should be recorded on the longitudinal surface of wood using the integrating sphere acquisition method.


This case discusses the architecture and application of privacy and trust issues in the Connected Mobility Digital Ecosystem CMDE for the University of Wollongong's main campus community. The authors describe four mobile location-sensitive, context-aware applications apps that are designed for iPhones: a public transport passenger information app; a route-based private vehicle car-pooling app; an on-campus location-based social networking app; and a virtual art-gallery tour guide app. These apps are location-based and designed to augment user interactions within their physical environments. In addition, location data provided by the apps can be used to create value-added services and optimize overall system performance. The authors characterize this socio-technical system as a digital ecosystem and explain its salient features. Using the University of Wollongong's campus and surrounds as the ecosystem's community for the case studies, the authors present the architectures of these four applications apps and address issues concerning privacy, location-identity and uniform standards developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF.


In the field CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER), tuning the selectivity among diverse products remains a major challenge. Mixed metal catalysts offer possible synergetic effects which can be exploited for tuning product...


This paper presents Telcordia's Network Awareness Service (NAS), a suite of network sensing technologies that allows applications to adapt to medium-to-long time scale performance variations in mobile tactical wireless networks. NAS is a working software prototype developed for the purpose of measuring, estimating, and inferring network metrics that impact application performance such as congestion level, packet transmission loss rate, and available path capacity. The prototype operates in a distributed manner, publishing its metrics to tactical network applications operating on protected (so-called "red-side") computing systems, and is compatible with communication security (COMSEC) considerations that prohibit direct monitoring of network elements on the encrypted side (so-called "black-side") of tactical radio networks. Each NAS instance performs the following key high-level functions: (1) Collection/measurement of raw packet performance data, (2) inference of network performance metrics and (3) reporting of network performance to other NAS instances and tactical applications. NAS has been successfully integrated and demonstrated as part of the U.S. Office of Naval Research Limited Technology Experiment (LTE) at SSC-Charleston in the summer of 2010. Experimental results reported here for NAS provide proof-of-concept validation of its ability to afford timely, accurate network awareness for tactical applications, and illustrate the benefits of network awareness to command and control applications in Naval settings.


Rather than the volume of literary criticism one might have expected, Geoffrey Hartman's most recent book offers an "intervention" (a term Hartman employs following Adorno's usage, 229) in the fuss surrounding the rise of cultural studies to curricular dominance. The book's thirteen essays address the possibility of authenticity in a world flooded by simulacra and develop the analysis of this question into a counterstatement on the institutional hegemony of what Hartman describes as "aggressively pragmatic" cultural studies (213). The "norm of inclusiveness" (197) and "ethos of cultural retrieval" (198) in this discipline, the argument goes, fail to temper an ineradicable reality hunger and thus counterproductively provoke a purgative political nostalgia for an allegedly more real past. Against this, Hartman's plea for an aesthetic education stakes the authority of the whole of his oeuvre: the theoretical statements on textuality, making up the book's third and best part, rework the conclusions of the readings dominating Hartman's works till, roughly, Saving the Text, his 1981 engagement with Derrida, while the overall analysis derives its grave "cultural and political urgency" (viii) from the investment in Holocaust remembrance that has accompanied his increasingly ethical criticism since then. The problematic of survivor testimonies occupies the whole second part of the book and, for two interrelated reasons, constitutes the most dramatic application of Hartman's cultural analysis. First, our postmodernity confronts an increasing derealization of the world due to the overkill of simulacra. The corollary of this is an unsatisfiable reality hunger exemplified most distressingly by a "memory envy" aimed at Holocaust survivors, because of the second and third generations' "lack of something more collectively defining" (79). Second, this derealization is crucially brought on by the "mediaturn," that is, by the media's claim to being "a medium rather than a mediation" (68), while it is on these media that the survival of the testimonies


This paper reports a new numerical scheme to simulate the radio-frequency (RF) induced RF sheath, which is suitable for a large 3D simulation. In the RF sheath boundary model, the tangential component of the electric field ( Et ) is given by the gradient of a scalar electric field potential. We introduce two additional scalar potentials for the tangential components of the magnetic field, which effectively impose the normal electric displacement (D n ) on the plasma sheath boundary condition via in-homogeneous Neumann boundary condition and constrain the tangential electric field on the surface as curl-free ( ∇×Et=0 ). In our approach, the non-linear sheath impedance is formulated as a natural extension of the large thickness (or asymptotic) sheath limit ( Dn=0 ), allowing for handling both asymptotic and non-linear regimes seamlessly. The new scheme is implemented using the Petra-M finite element method analysis framework and is verified with simulations in the literature. The significance of non-linearity is discussed in various plasma conditions. An application of this scheme to asymptotic RF sheath simulation on the WEST ICRF antenna side limiters is also discussed.


In ad hoc wireless networks (AWNs), the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees is much more challenging than in conventional wireless networks, mainly due to node mobility, multihop communications, contention for channel access and a lack of central coordination. Typically multimedia applications have delay-sensitive and high bandwidth requirements, especially for shared wireless channels by adjacent nodes and dynamic network topology in AWNs. In recent years, QoS routing has received increased attention because it plays an important role in selecting a path satisfy QoS requirements and achieving global efficiency in resource utilization. Many proposed solutions focus on two metrics: high performance throughput and delay guarantee based on providing QoS requirements without conserving network resources in densely deployed AWNs. Therefore, we develop QoS-aware routing protocol using our adaptive-gossiping algorithm which can efficiently deliver packets with minimum communication overhead and use less network resources while ensuring high throughput and low end-to-end delay.


Copyright: © 2021. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Introduction Over the past few decades, work–family research has been dominated by the conflict perspective (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) according to which the fulfilment of multiple work and family roles leads to experiences of conflict and stress and their concomitant detrimental effects (Eby, Casper, Lockwood, Bordeaux, & Brinley, 2005). The conflict perspective has also been the focus of most work–family studies conducted in Africa (Dubihlela & Dhurup, 2013; Koekemoer, Mostert, & Rothmann, 2010; Mostert, 2011; Opie & Henn, 2013). However, because of the growing attention given to positive psychology, international work–family researchers have come to realise that resources may be generated when multiple roles are occupied, resulting in positive outcomes for employees, organisations and families (Greenhaus & Powell, 2006; Voydanoff, 2002). As a result, international scholars, organisations and human resource practitioners increasingly focus on the positive aspects of the work–family interface. Nevertheless, the number of studies emphasising this positive interaction between work and family within the South African context is limited (De Klerk, Nel, Hill, & Koekemoer, 2013; Jaga, Bagraim, & Williams, 2013).


The effects of sucrose, maltose, and sorbitol on callus growth of Phalaenopsis, Doritaenopsis, and Neofinetia were investigated. Calli derived from these three genera, grown on sucrose medium enriched with coconut endosperm, grew rapidly but remained friable and yellowish even after 3 subcultures at 8-week intervals. Calli of most cultivars, grown on maltose or sorbitol medium, initiated protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) which subsequently developed into plantlets. Regenerated plantlets were normal and healthy in appearance. Calli of a few Phalaenopsis and Neofinetia proliferated into green masses and continued to grow but did not develop either PLBs or plantlets.


The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a heavily modified Boeing 747SP aircraft, accommodating a 2.7 meter infrared telescope. This airborne observation platform operates at flight altitudes of up to 13.7 km (45,000 ft) and therefore allows a nearly unobstructed view of the visible and infrared universe at wavelengths between 0.3 µm and 1600 µm. The Focal Plane Imager (FPI+) is SOFIA's main tracking camera. It uses a commercial, off-the-shelf camera with a thermoelectrically cooled EM-CCD. The back-illuminated sensor has a peak quantum efficiency greater than 95% at 550 nm and the dark current is as low as 0.01 e-/pix/sec. Since 2015, the FPI+ has been available to the community as a Facility Science Instrument, and can be used to observe stellar occultations by solar system objects such as dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, and transits of extra-solar planets. To date, SOFIA has conducted multi-channel observations of occultations, e.g. the occultation by Pluto in June of 2015 or the occultation by Triton in October 2017, using three instruments, HIPO and FLITECAM at the main instrument flange of the telescope, and the FPI+. This multi-wavelength sampling is important for enabling discrimination of particle sizes and constituents of hazes in the atmosphere of bodies such as Pluto and Triton, and the coma material of comets. Multi-wavelength observations also serve to allow us to place constraints on the chemical compositions of these formations. After the retirement of the two other instruments, the FPI+ is now SOFIA's only remaining observing tool for occultations. In order to preserve some of the multi-color observing capability of the platform, we here discuss the addition of a second spectral channel to the FPI+. In a first upgrade step, a beamsplitter will split the incoming light and send it to two EMCCD cameras, one working in the "blue", e.g. SLOAN g' band, and the other working in the "red", e.g. SLOAN i' or z' band. In a second upgrade step, the "red" channel could be equipped with a NIR camera in order to provide a wider wavelength separation of the two bands. This will however require a modified dichroic coating on the tertiary (Nasmyth) mirror of the SOFIA telescope. This paper presents a preliminary design study of the opto-mechanical configuration of the dual channel FPI+.


In this paper, we study the scheduling of a deterministic one-machine two-part-type setup system under steady and transient conditions. The optimal solution, expressed as an optimal feedback control, provides the optimal production rates and setup switching epochs as a function of the state of the system. For the steady state, the optimal cyclic schedule is determined. For the transient case, the state space is partitioned into mutually exclusive regions, each characterized by an optimal control policy. A novel algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal state trajectory for this case.<<ETX>>


Human monocytes were incubated with latex or formalin pre-treated SRBC and tested for IgG receptor activity. After 10 min, receptor activity could not be detected in 90% of phagocytizing cells; after 6 hr, 78 to 84% of the monocytes recovered IgG receptors. The kinetic data and the morphologic observation of selective sites of membrane binding suggest internalization followed by recovery of monocyte plasma membrane IgG receptor sites.


The new synthetic anti-inflammatory agent, 4-(5′-dimethylamino)-naphthalenesulfonyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (W3D), has demonstrated definite biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of W3D on various animal pain models. Our results showed that W3D, at doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, significantly reduced acetic acid-induced mice writhing by 65.9% and inhibited the pain response in the second phase of formalin-induced pain from 167.75 ± 6.76 s to 97.25 ± 9.63 s. Moreover, W3D prolonged the latent period on the tail-immersion test, which was stronger than the positive drug, aspirin (50 mg/kg). However, W3D did not show analgesic activity on the hot plate test, indicating no central pain response. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects of W3D were not antagonized by naloxone, EGTA, CaCl2, and reserpine. However, L-Arginine was able to reverse the antinociceptive effect, indicating that W3D's antinociceptive effect does not depend on opioid receptors, Ca2+ concentration, or monoamine content. Instead, it is closely associated with nitric oxide (NO) content. In addition, W3D was found to alleviate nocifensive behavior and improve brain histopathology by inhibiting NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and calcitonin gene-related peptide in nitroglycerin-induced migraine mice, with more than 50% inhibition ratio at only 12.5 mg/kg orally. However, noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were not significantly altered after treatment with W3D. In conclusion, the presented data suggest that W3D can be considered a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent for the treatment of peripheral pain and migraine mediated by NO and iNOS.


Objective To explore effect of pupil diameter and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate ophthalmic solution by sitting and supine postures in children with myopia.Methods From October to November 2012,30 children(60 eyes) were given cyclopentolate mydriasis on sitting and supine postures.The different diopter values in pupil diameter,auto and retinoscope optometry of the two postures were compared by self matched-pairs method.Results Pupil diameters after mydriatic in supine posture were larger than those in sitting posture.The auto and retinoscope optometry values in supine posture were significantly lower than those in sitting posture(P0.01).Conclusion The effectiveness of cycloplegia with cyclopentolate ophthalmic solution in supine posture is better than that in sitting posture for children with myopia.


Given the increasingly fragmented forest landscapes, it is necessary to map forest cover with fine spatial resolution in a large area. The European Space Agency (ESA) released the 10 m global land cover map in 2020 based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images, and Dynamic World provides near real-time possibilities of many land cover classes based on Sentinel-2 images, but they are not designed particularly for forest cover. In this research, we aimed to develop a method to automatically estimate an accurate 10 m forest cover map in 2020 by fusing the ESA forest cover map and Dynamic World near real-time forest cover possibilities. The proposed method includes three main steps: (1) generating stable forest samples, (2) determining the threshold T and (3) producing the fused forest cover map. China's Han River Basin, dominated by complex subtropical forests, was used as the study site to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method could produce a forest cover map with the best overall accuracy of 98.02% ± 1.20% and more accurate spatial details compared to using only one of the two data sources. The proposed method is thus superior in mapping forest cover in complex forest landscapes.


Water body is incorporated with a medium of water and the aquatic organisms have relatively short life span, and the studies on quantitative aspect of freshwater ecological patterns are relatively few. As a preliminary study, this paper deals with use of fractal theory of nonlinear science to analyze horizontal two dimension spatial pattern of concentration field of typical physicochemical factors in Meiziya Reservoir. Fractal theory is introduced in this paper for comparing and analyzing spatial occupancy potential of concentration and determining which concentration is of steady presence.


Of 109 cases of atrial septal defect, cases with an isolated defect (92 cases) showed a female preponderance (sex ratio 0·64), but there was a higher risk to the sibs of the male patients, suggesting a multifactorial mechanism. Dermatoglyphs showed a large number of whorls on the fingers. In 17 cases there were multiple malformations, such as Holt-Oram syndrome (hypoplastic and triphalangic thumb, with ostium secundum atrial septal defect), polydactyly plus ostium primum defect, and tracheo-oesophageal fistula.


Image style transfer has always been a hot topic in the field of image generation. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used to realize image style transfer can greatly reduce the workload, and get more fruitful results. The traditional image style transfer algorithm needs to convert between two paired images, but the paired data set used for training is difficult to obtain. In order to avoid being limited by data sets and improve the efficiency of image style transfer, this paper proposes an improved Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (DPN-CycleGAN), which uses Dual Path Network (DPN) replaces the Deep Residual Network (ResNet) of the original network generator, and adds Identity Loss on the basis of the original loss. The changes make the network structure more simplified, reduce the computational complexity, improve the network performance to a certain extent, and improve the quality of the image generated by style transfer. Finally, the experimental results show that the SSIM value and PSNR value of the generated images are increased by 3.6% and 9.7% on average, which proves the effectiveness of the DPN-CycleGAN image style transfer algorithm proposed by this paper.


Fruit of Education pursues the broadness of general life.The work transcends the limitation of matters and regards the seance activity as the spiritual symbol of aristocratic decline.Economy,morality and culture are the root causes of aristocratic decline.Fruit of Civilization can be better expressed the theme of this play.


Plant fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (FAT) is a sort of enzyme which terminated the chain elongation during the de novo fatty acid synthesis by hydrolyzing acyl-ACPs into free fatty acid and ACP. In plants,each FAT has its own substrate specificity,which directly determined the amount and composition of fatty acids in the lipid pool. Different plant issues had different demands for fatty acids,so FAT played an extremely important role in cellular metabolism. In this paper,FAT categories,structure,functions,isolation and cloning of sequences and its application were reviewed.


While synthetic aperture sonar is now a mature technology for active imaging of the sea floor, its use for improving passive detection or localisation of underwater acoustic sources is still a research issue. In the first part, we show that the phase shifts for passive synthetic aperture beamforming do not depend on the steering direction. Hence a passive synthetic aperture has the same directivity pattern like the real aperture that it originates from. The directivity gain of an active synthetic aperture is caused by the phase origin reset at each transmit time resulting in a phase discontinuity depending on the bearing angle. Model-based array processing (MBAP), which estimates a source state from the array vector signal, has been proposed as an alternative to passive synthetic aperture for improving source localization. In the second part, we propose a MBAP approach based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) where the signal phase is a third order polynomial. Numerical simulation shows that it does not improve the bearing angle accuracy with respect to an HMM tracker performing on the square magnitude output of real aperture beamforming. This result is in accordance with the fact that both estimators meet the same Cramer-Rao lower bound. But the new method has interesting detection potential


"EVERY TIME a church leader makes a statement that appears political, politicians rush at him warning him to stick to pulpit and leave politics to politicians."' So wrote Dr. David Gitari summarizing the age-old debate on the church-state relationship. Christians and churches in Eastern Africa have not been spared from this war which Stephen Monsma, for ten years a US state legislator in Michigan, has called "a struggle for Christ's justice in a world too dominated by the pride and selfishness that are the stock of the dark forces of a sinful worldn2. Both statements highlight the diametrically opposed responses which are given to the questions: Should Christians and the church be involved in politics? Can a committed Christian leader or lay Christian become a politic ian? What should the church-state relationship be?


Combined ice and water balances were measured in the 1967 hydrologic year (October 1-September 30) on four glaciers in western North America ranging in latitude from 37° to 63° N. This hydrologic year was characterized by heavier than normal winter precipitation in California and Washington and abnormally dry winter conditions in coastal Alaska. In summer the western conterminous states were abnormally dry and central and southern Alaska experienced very wet conditions. Maclure Glacier (Iat37°45' N., 3,650-m (metres) mean equilibrium line altitude) had an above normal winter balance of 3.46 m and a positive annual balance of 1.05 m (metres of water equivalent). South Cascade Glacier (lat 48°22' N., 1,900-m mean equilibrium line altitude) had a winter balance of 3.28 m, slightly above average. Above normal summer ablation resulted in a final annual balance of -0.58 m, slightly more negative than has been the case for the past decade. Wolverine Glacier's (lat 60°24' N., 1,200-m mean equilibrium line altitude) winter balance was 1.17 m, considerably below normal; the annual balance was -2.04 m. Gulkana Glacier (lat 63°15' N., 1,700-m mean equilibrium line altitude) had a winter balance of 1.05 m, approximately normal for this glacier; the final annual balance was -0.30 m.


The railway track technical literature lacks proper reports on the key effects of the support stiffness on the track behavior with various sleeper geometries. Hence, it is the aim of this research to report on the assessment of the track foundation stiffness. The pyramid model equations are developed for three different stress conditions including WOA model for the cases without stress overlap area in the adjacent sleepers, OAP for considering the stress overlap area between adjacent sleepers with pyramid distribution and OAC for the cases of stress overlap area between adjacent sleepers with cubical stress distribution. A vehicle/track interaction problem studied using the finite element method. The vehicle is considered as a series of moving masses with three degrees of freedom corresponding to the carbody, the bogie and the wheelset masses. The track is considered as beam elements resting on the viscoelastic foundation. The results of the numerical analyses of the vehicle/track system are presented as ratios of the railway track vertical displacement to the vehicle axle load for various foundation stiffness. Many correlation equations are suggested that interconnect the track stiffness with variables such as the ballast depth, the sleeper width, and the sleeper distance.


In this paper we investigate hybrid rerouting and minimization of incurred service disruption period due to rerouting in Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) transparent optical network. One limitation of such a network is the wavelength continuity constraint which does not allow a circuit to be placed on a non wavelength-continuous route. The impact of this constraint might have a severe consequence on the performance of transparent optical networks especially in terms of rejection ratio ant it is especially severe when traffic demands are unpredictable and characterized by random arrivals and departures. To alleviate the impact of these constraints, either wavelength conversion or traffic rerouting can be used. Since, in the foreseeable future, wavelength conversion is expected to remain an expensive technology, traffic rerouting is an attractive alternative solution. Thus, we here propose to employ hybrid rerouting to improve the network performances. Hybrid rerouting combines passive and active rerouting. Through simulation results, the performances of the proposed algorithm in terms of rejection ratio are demonstrated to be promising while rerouting a small number of already established lightpaths using Lightpath ReRouting (LRR). By rerouting a small number of existing lightpaths using LRR, we hope that the incurred service disruption period due to rerouting is minimized.


The state dependent Riccati equation was originally developed for the continuous time systems. In the paper the optimality of a discrete time version of the state dependent Riccati equation is considered. The derivation of the optimal control strategy is based on the Hamiltonian optimal solution for the nonlinear optimal control problem. The new form of the discrete state dependent Riccati equation with a correction tensor is derived. The prediction of the future trajectory is used in the derivation.


The invention discloses an extension structure of a lead-out line of a submersible linear motor, and a transport, fixing, use and mounting method. The method comprises the steps of reversely bending and folding back the 9.5-10.5m lead-out line of the submersible linear motor to be parallel to a submersible linear motor body, attaching the lead-out line to a housing of the submersible linear motor, mounting and buckling a shield on the external surface of the lead-out line attached to the housing, and fixing the shield and the lead-out line on the housing of the submersible linear motor with locking steel belts to avoid damage of the lead-out line due to rotation dislocation of the shield during transport. During underground mounting, the shield on the housing of the submersible linear motor is dismounted, the lead-out line traverses the outside of an oil well pump and is connected with a power cable, i.e. a connection point traverses the oil well pump, and then the shield is buckled and mounted on the lead-out line outside an oil well pump body and tightened and fixed by penetrating through holes in the shield with the locking steel belts to fully protect the lead-out line to avoid clash during operation.


p is plug flow ratio in vacuum bath. ( 2 ) Mixing characteristics in model apparatus were measured by concentration pulse response under similarity of Fr number and Re number. The results of measurement of pulse response and tracing of flow pattern showed the presence of minor part of by-passing and [dead space, and showed relatively close agreement with the abovementioned theoretical equation. ( 3 ) From these results, percent conversion of continuous degassing under assumption of perfect mixing in reators was estimated and it was in approximate agreement with the results of RH degassing process when mean residence time was properly selected and at least two unit reactors were connected in series.


Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T cell Lymphoma (CTCL). In Korea, the incidence rate of MF is very low and few clinical reviews have been done. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment status of MF in Koreans. Methods: A retrospective clinical study was made on 40 cases of MF patients. Results: The mean age of onset was 45.3 years and the male to female ratio was approximately 1:1. However, in the more advanced diseases, male patients were more frequent. According to the clinical stage by skin lesion at diagnosis, 26 were patch stage, 9 were plaque stage, and 5 were tumor stage patients. Two of the nine plaque stage patients had shown disease progression to the tumor stage. Twelve of the forty patients had been performed staging work up. The mean number of treatment modalities per patient was 1.53 with less in the early stages and more in the late stages being used. In the early stage, topical steroid was most commonly used and next were PUVA, UVB, and radiation therapy. For the advanced lesions, radiation therapy was most commonly used. The effect of chemotherapy was not good because it was used in refractory disease or extracutaneous diseases. In 40 MF patients, only one patient had died due to MF progression and most of the patients have shown stationary disease courses. Two patients have maintained complete remission. Conclusion: MF in Koreans shows some characteristics such as an earlier onset, less advanced stage, and better prognosis. It is necessary to perform staging work up at diagnosis not only for better patient care but also for more exact clinical studies. (Korean J Dermatol 2004;42(6):682-688)


A sensitive, specific and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy method was developed and successfully validated to estimate the repaglinide in rabbit plasma. The solvent extraction method was used for repaglinide from serum by using ethyl acetate and 0.1N HCl. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 4.0 at 60:40 %v/v with 1% triethylamine at flow rate of 0.8ml/min and at fixed wavelength of 254nm. On ten minutes of run time, repaglinide was retention at 7.4min. The extraction efficiency 95% for repaglinide. The intra-day and inter-day precision was in the terms of %RSD less than 1.76%. The developed method was validated and proposed method is useful for pharmacokinetics studies.


In order to get the components' assembly directions automatically for assembly planning, a feature based modeling system to establish products' assembly models is used, by means of specifying mating elements among components. This paper proposes a method for determining the assembly direction of components, which uses the direction of the axis vectors as components' assembly directions. The constructing coordinate systems of the mating feature geometric elements among components within the assembly model are extracted to get the axis vectors. If there exist more than one mating elements among components, intersection of the direction set determined by the mating element set among the components is used as components' assembly directions. This approach is used in assembly process planning, and it is proved to be capable of calculating assembly directions for all kinds of components.


In this report, we demonstrate the preparation method of a multi-layer stack with a pre-defined number of graphene layers, which was obtained using chemical vapor deposition graphene deposited on a copper substrate and subsequently transferred onto a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate. The prepared multi-layer stack can also be transferred onto an arbitrary substrate and in the end, the polymer can be removed, which in consequence significantly increases the range of possible graphene applications. The multi-layer character was confirmed by optical transmittance measurements and Raman spectroscopy, whereas the microstructure of the multi-layer graphene stack was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The electrical properties in the function of the number of graphene layers were assessed with standard Hall Effect measurements. Finally, we showed the practical application of the multi-layer graphene stack as a saturable absorber of a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser.


DNA oligonucleotides are extraordinarily well suited as linkers for the programmable assembly of nanoparticles. To extend the scope of DNA‐directed particle assembly, a 70 nm DNA linker molecule for the DNA‐directed assembly of gold nanoparticles is synthesized by biochemical reactions. In particular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent restriction and ligation reactions are employed to synthesize the DNA linker, comprising a 178 base pair (bp) double helical core region supplemented with two sticky‐end binding sites of 12 nucleotides in length, attached to one of the core‐forming strands. The linker is used for the assembly of DNA‐functionalized gold nanoparticles employing yet another biochemical reaction, namely covalent linkage through the enzyme DNA ligase. The resulting nanoparticle assemblies are characterized by using atomic force microscopy. The methodology described here represents a general way of synthesizing programmable DNA linker molecules with dimensions that exceed those presently available by using chemical synthetic methods, and thus, supplements the synthetic toolbox of nanobiotechnology to asses complex and functional nanoparticle/linker architectures for potential applications in sensing and materials science.


The city constitutes a center of human activity, and a base for a set of equipments and structures, which contribute in one way or another to the organization and creation of a population dynamic between it and surrounding centers and hence to the organization of the city itself. The needs and requirements of society vary from primary needs (education and health) to administrative, cultural and economic needs for an organized social life. Each category of needs is linked to social and economic norms, in particular the spatial characteristics, the scale of land consumption and the principles of sedentarization.This research aims to know the distribution of public equipments and its consistency with the demographic and urban growth of the city, and to show the quality of the public service of the facilities and its impact on the population, this is how the State strives to create equipment and distribute it in accordance with laws and decrees, including the theoretical equipment grid. The origin of the city of Ammi Moussa dates back to French colonialism, where it was founded as a prefecture in 1850, affiliated with the province of Oran, it is since 1984 that it has become the prefecture of the city by Relizane. The study included the different public facilities of the city, which were created and distributed under certain political, economic and social conditions, and in different periods. By comparing it with the theoretical standards of network equipment, it was found that they were incompatible, which led to an attack on the public service and the general organization of the city. , where it has experienced increasing population growth and difficulty in resisting the increasing pressure on the urban center, which contains most of the public amenities and facilities, which has caused a clear imbalance in its spatial organization. Therefore, the following question can be asked: how can the distribution of public facilities in the city play a role in the organization of its general urban space?


E-health is a comprehensive term applied for the joint utilization of communication technologies with electronic information for health sector. Internet of Things (IoT) in conjunction with Cyber Physical systems (CPS) is an emerging paradigm that is supposed to hugely influence e-health services round the globe. One of the core issues that need to be addressed in an IoT driven e-healthcare system is the security and robust transmission of Electronic Health Record (EHR) in a fading channel environment. For reliable and high speed transmission of critical electronic information, we have exploited Multiple Input Multiple Output, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing MIMO-OFDM technology. This paper presents a secure and robust technique for transmission of medical images with EHR hidden in them for an IoT driven e-health setup. The Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes have been put to use for robustness enhancement of critical medical information during its transmission. In order to upturn the reliability of the transmission link and hence the robustness of the developed system, the antenna diversity order has been exploited. To ensure security of EHR, information hiding has been used to embed EHR in cover medical images prior to its transmission. Spatial domain embedding techniques, Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Intermediate Significant Bit (ISB) substitution, due to their lesser computational complexity have been used for Electronic Patient Record (EPR) embedding. The proposed scheme has been evaluated in terms of various image quality indices. The results obtained show that the proposed scheme is capable of transmitting EPR securely and robustly. A comparison of the proposed scheme with some state of art techniques shows that our system performs better in a real fading environment.


Production systems with woody perennial plants, ideally timber trees, are technologies accepted in carbon (C) projects to mitigate climate change. This research had as purpose the estimation of C storage and fixation in coffee production systems in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Carbon in biomass, necromass and soil were estimated in coffee plantations with three different shade levels (low, medium and high) in three municipalities using IPCC's recommendations. Soil stored 75% of the total C (93.9 to 137.7 Mg C ha–1 in the upper 30 cm), followed by trees (19%). Carbon increases with a rise in shade (55.8 vs 42.0 vs 23.0 Mg C ha–1 for high, medium and low shade, respectively). These coffee plantations fixed a mean of 2.3 Mg C ha–1 year–1, with a maximum value of ~7.1 Mg CO2 ha –1 year–1 under a shade of 30% to 40%. Coffee plantations, especially with high shade, have a high potential of C fixation and mitigate climate change.


A process and CONTINUES FOR PRODUCING POLYMER FOAM SYSTEM. COMPONENTS Chemical reagents and additives comprising a blowing agent low boiling are mixed under pressure in a mixer (11); MIXTURE IS THEN FOAM BEFORE THE CHEMICAL REACTION OCCURS by feeding the mixture through an equalizer PRESSURE AND DEVICE (13) foamed comprises a zone (17) STRETCHED pressure drop OPEN into a cavity (19 ) foaming HAVING A outlet (20) TO DOWNLOAD THE FOAM on a substrate (2) mobile.


Aim. The aim is to give a current and retrospective assessment of the state of water resources in the South of Russia and identify key problems in their use. Methods. Based on the analysis of dynamic and territorial series of data presented in government reports and the Central Statistical Database of the Federal State Statistics Service, we conducted diagnostic studies of the current and dynamic state of water resources use in the sub-federal units of the Russian Federation. Findings. The key problems in the functioning of the water sector in the southern regions are: natural water scarcity, large-scale transfers and artificial regulation of the river flows, significant loss of water during transport, large-scale discharge of contaminated sewage and poor quality of water. A significant interregional asymmetry in the water sector of the South of Russia is being tested. Conclusions. The key water-related contradiction in the South of the Russian Federation lies in the high water intensity of the meta-regional economy due to agricultural specialization, limited opportunities for the use of circulating systems, as well as significant losses of water during transportation in conditions of naturally caused scarcity and poor quality of potable waters.


The standards of energetical efficiency have the role to ensure the reduction of the energetically costs and the environmental pollution by ousting from the market the inadequate devices. Optimum design requires a process of selection of machines to suit particular criteria, or more criteria. The present paper proposed an algorithm that produces an optimal design program, presenting examples in which shows operating characteristics required and less energy consumption during operation. The ability to predict the behavior of a machine using the computing power, forecasting that can permit the achievement of a rational balance safety-risk, constitute the core of the design activity.


Abstract A method (the New Vector Model : NVM) designed to approach the intensity of the secondary transition of the benzene chromophore with-CH3 and-OR substituents, has been recently published 1 This method is based on MNDO calculations. It has been applied to strained chromophores with fused rings, 2 assuming that it is possible to take into account the incidence of strain on intensity in introducing a strain vector in the vector scheme used to calculate the transition moment vector. In another step it has been derived a much simpler method which avoids the quantum calculations. It can be brought into play using graphically simple vector addition rules. 3 This method is based on a new concept : the interaction vector (underneath, the method is called the Interaction Vector Model : IVM). It has been designed to study alkyl and-OR substituents, since we are mainly involved in the study of natural products and many natural products display such substituents. This IVM has not been designed to take into acc...


We present an efficient codebook for co-operative multiple-input multiple-output systems that use decode-and-forward relay. To achieve full diversity gain, the channel state information (CSI) of the source-to-relay link should be quantized and forwarded with low overhead to the destination. To achieve this requirement, we investigate explicit and implicit vector quantization techniques. The explicit vector quantization technique exploits the reduced dimensionality of the channel Gram matrix, but has weak feed-forward efficiency when the number of feed-forward bits is small. To improve this efficiency, we use Jensen's inequality and eigen-decomposition to exploit the upper bound of the pairwise error probability. The proposed design criterion mitigates the eigen-spreads of the exact CSI and the quantized CSI. With the proposed quantization, the bit-error-rate (BER) approaches the lower-bound within 1.3-dB at $\text{BER} ={10^{-5}}$ by using 0-bit feed-forward.


Objective To explore the effect of different axial pattern flaps on finger soft tissue defects.Methods Fifty-three patients with finger soft tissue defect were collected in our hospital from May 2007 to May 2009.Based on different conditions of patients,the finger defect was repaired by different types of axial flap.The skin flap survival rate,small flap depth feeling and two point discrimination were recored.Results All flaps survived,the skin graft area grew well,and the flex function was normal.After treatment for 3 months,the deep,shallow feeling returned to the normal.After treatment for 6 months,the 7-10 mm two-point discrimination was normal in 23 patients,the 4-6 mm two-point discrimination was normal in 11 patients.There was 26 patients with a S4flap feeling level,22 patients with a S3 +flap feeling level,2 patients with a S3 flap feeling level,and the sensation of flap was far better than that before surgery.Conclusion Repair of finger soft tissue defect should depend on the actual damage to choose different axial pattern flaps.


This paper analyzed the soil organic matter,pH value and soil water content of various desertification plots of alpine grassland in Northwest Sichuan,at the depth of 0 ~ 10cm,10 ~ 20cm and 20 ~ 30cm.The results showed as below,(1) soil organic matter content and soil water content decreased obviously with the aggravated desertification degree;(2) soil organic matter content was lower with the increase of soil depth,soil water content of the plots without desertification and with slight desertification decreased with increasing soil depth,severe desertification plots were just the opposite;(3) the pH value of moderate and severe desertification plots were about 7.0,and other plots were about 6.5,there was a significant negative correlation between organic matter and pH value of sandy soil,and organic carbon had a positive feedback with water loss.In view of the special ecological environment of alpine grassland in Northwest Sichuan,this paper discussed the selection of appropriate perennial medicinal plants in plateau or other high value resources perennial as sand-fixation materials.Combined with economic development,this paper established the treatment model of alpine desertification grassland.


It is well known that, when irradiated by two microwaves of frequenciesv1 and v2, a sample of n-type indium antimonide generates a beat at the intermediate frequency (i.f.) v [v1 _ v2]; that superheterodyne-detecting property originates from the non-linearity ofthe I-U characteristic in weak electric field. It is shown here that, if the classical results about InSb bolometer mixer are valid whenelectrons are free, a new feature appears when localized and delocalized electronic states are both present in the crystal; in this case, the signal detected at i.f. frequency must be separated into two parts: the beat generated by free electrons at frequency v on the one hand and the "response" of localized electrons subjected to this beat on the other hand. It is also shown that information obtained about electronic localization is in good agreement with that one previously deduced from resistivity measurements. In conclusion, such a method appears to be a very convenient way of sonding electronic distribution in a given material.

Un echantillon d'antimoniure d'indium de type n donne naissance, lorsqu'il est irradie par deux ondes de frequence v1 et v2 situees dans la region microonde du spectre a un battement de frequence v [v1 -v2] ce sont les non-linearites de la caracteristique couranttension en champ electrique faible qui permettent d'utiliser le cristal comme detecteur superheterodyne. Nous montrons ici quo si les resultats classiques sur les melangeurs bolometriques sont applicables dans le cas d'electrons libres, un element caracteristique nouveau apparaǐt lorsque des electrons localises et des electrons delocalises sont simultanement presents dans le cristal; dans ce cas, le signal detecte a la frequence intermediaire a une double origine: le battement cree par les e1ectrons libres d'une part et la "reponse" du systeme d'electrons localises soumis a ce battement d'autre part. II apparaǐt de plus que les informations obtenues sur la localisation electronique sont en bon accord avec colles deduites precedemment des mesures de resistivite. En conclusion, une telle methode semble ětre un moyen commode de sonder la distribution electronique d'un materiau donne.


In-vitro fertilisation programme necessitates a vast amount of w omen's ovaries ultrasound scans. It is hard to process all the valuable information from the scans only manually. Therefore, we developed an automated computer algorithm that analyses a digitised sequence of power -Doppler ultrasound images in order to detect, firstly, the blood vessels and, secondly, the ovarian follicles. To recognise the dominant follicles, we use our own approach based on cellular neural networks. This detection takes place in separate 2D images, while the gathered data enter a 3D recons truction phase afterwards. Several diagnostic indexes are introduced and computed out of 3D model, including blood volume, the number of blood vessels and their importance and the ration of volumes of blood and follicle.