Dissipative Kerr solitons generated in microresonators driven by a continuous wave pump laser have promise for widespread applications in spectroscopy and telecommunications. From the perspective of basic physics research, DKSs exhibit rich nonlinear phenomena and serve as a unique platform to study nonlinear physics. In this paper, an optimized all-optical radio frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer, also named frequency domain light intensity spectrum analyzer (f-LISA), is used to characterize the various stable soliton states. Results show that the optimized f-LISA achieves a measurement bandwidth of 2.2 THz and a frame rate of 20.62 MHz. Therefore, the versatile RF spectral patterns of stable two-soliton states have successfully recorded by f-LISA. More importantly, the relative azimuthal angles between two solitons within the round-trip can be extracted by applying an inverse Fourier transform to the RF spectra, indicating that the ultra-fast and broadband RF spectral measurement enable the visualization of soliton motion. It is believed that the f-LISA can function as a powerful and useful tool to monitor the rich nonlinear dynamical phenomena such as soliton number switching in the microresonators


Introduction A n organisation operates in a dynamic environment, which results in the need of constant development and improvement in order to survive. To make this development possible, there have to be employees who have necessary knowledge and ability to look for new solutions concerning the improvement of organisations, while being supported with technology and resources necessary to conduct the changes (Brajer-Marczak, 2015, p. 78). The development is noticeable in relation to companies, that pay attention to qualification improvement of their staff, invest in their development, broaden their knowledge and increase their level of engagement (Urbaniak, 2010, p. 45). Orientation of employees to this type of activities requires effective management and such a directing, so that they would want their knowledge to grow and expand (Davenport, 2007, p. 162). Therefore, in order to improve the organisation, one should change not only the employees themselves, but the entire organisational culture. Changing the culture is a difficult and long-lasting process and one of its manifestations is broadening the knowledge of employees on topics of various methods and tools of quality management (Wolniak, 2012, p. 281). Managers, in order to properly direct teams involved in improvement, should set examples themselves as well as possess extensive knowledge, including the one on application of quality management tools and methods. This knowledge can contribute to a better understanding of processes in the organization (Starzyńska, Hamrol, 2012, p. 577) and at the same time make it a mature organization. Qualitative maturity is understood as a state in which the company fully understands what quality is, and comprehensively achieves it, and therefore meets the needs and expectations of stakeholders (Łukasiński, 2016, p. 95). The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of knowledge and the extent to which selected quality management tools and methods are utilised among management personnel in Podlasie enterprises. The research was conducted in 2016 among the managers from Podlasie enterprises and it regarded organisations maturity level evaluation1. In this research, one of several discussed issues was the managers' knowledge concerning the quality management instruments, the degree of their implementation, and the purpose of these methods application. Quality management instruments imply many different principles, strategies, techniques, tools, methods, concepts or methodologies of action (Starzyńska, 2013, p. 50; Bamford, Greatbanks, 2005, p. 377; Fotopoulos, Psomas, 2009, p. 566; Tarί́, Sabater, 2004, p. 271). Numerous attempts have been made to classify them, one of them being a distinction of tools, methods and principles (Hamrol, 2015, p. 401). On the basis of the aforementioned classification, the following groups of instruments that support managers work, have been distinguished: classic tools, methods, additional tools/methods and concepts. The first group included: check sheet, control chart, fishbone diagram, flowchart, scatter diagram, histogram, and Pareto diagram. The group of methods contained: Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Design of Experiments (DOE), Measurement System Analysis (MSA), Statistical Reception Inspection, Analysis of Requirements and Satisfaction of Customer and Statistical tools. The following tools / methods were selected as additional ones: poka-yoke, SMED, 5S, Gantt chart, capability index, SWOT analysis and brainstorming. The selected concepts included: Lean Management, Six Sigma, Kaizen, TPM, Just in time, Benchmarking and Outsourcing.


With the development of deep mining, the problem of heat damage is becoming more and more serious. The deep mine has a longer ventilation route, which will cause the tunnel exposed area is very lar...


This chapter discusses the value of China as a source of models of development relevant to Africa. In addition to benefits of direct investment and trade engagement between China and key African economies, China's own appraoch to the problems of rapid growth and development should be of interest. Despite obvious and significant differences, the Chinese pattern of modernization and the problems it has uncovered offer lessons of potential value to African decision makers.


Conductivity is an important parameter which has definite correlation with the amount of moisture present within the transformer insulation. However, in existing methods conductivity is usually estimated from time domain (PDC) measurement, which is inadvertently noise prone and time consuming. Considering this issue, in this article presents a novel technique for conductivity estimation for moisture sensing of oil-paper insulation using frequency domain spectroscopy measurement (FDS). To this end, FDS measurement of oil-paper insulation was performed from 50mHz to 1kHz to obtain the imaginary complex permittivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon ''$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), which is a function of conductivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) as well as imaginary complex susceptibility <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ''$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). From the knowledge of frequency variation of both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\chi ''$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), we developed an electrical equivalent model of the insulation. The equivalent model parameters were optimized until <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon ''$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) computed from the proposed model and that obtained from original FDS measurement were almost identical. The conductivity values obtained from the equivalent model showed good agreement when compared with PDC measurement. To validate the practicability of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on various test samples and also on a few real life transformers. Most importantly, the measurement time was found to be reduced by 78.5%, enabling diagnosis of transformer insulation at a significantly reduced time.


We previously proposed an evaluation method for detecting both respiration and heartbeat signals from the airflow at the mouth (Kawaoka et al 201518th Int. Conf. on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems; Kawaoka et al 2015 IEEE Sensors; Kawaoka et al 2016 Technical Digest IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conf.). In the current study, we developed a catheter flow sensor with temperature compensation that uses MEMS technologies and used it to directly detect the breathing airflow in the airway of a rat. The temperature sensors were integrated with the catheter flow sensor. Heaters working as airflow and temperature sensors were produced on polymer film by using the same fabrication process so that the temperature coefficients of their resistances would coincide. As a result, the variation in sensor outputs due to the airflow temperature changes ranging from 20 °C to 34 °C was suppressed to less than 2.5%. The developed catheter flow sensor was inserted into the airway of a rat to detect both respiration and heartbeat signals. The accuracy of the breathing airflow measurements was improved thanks to the temperature compensation. The tidal volume variations between the expired and inspired air were suppressed to within 5%. Heartbeat signal information was extracted from the measured breathing waveforms by applying a discrete Fourier transform.


The increasing use of lasers in biomedical research and clinical praxis leads to the development and application of new, non-invasive, therapeutic, surgical and diagnostic techniques. In laser surgery, the theory of ablation dictates that pulsed mid-infrared laser beams exhibit strong absorption by soft and hard tissues, restricting residual thermal damage to a minimum zone. Therefore, the development of high quality 3 μm lasers is considered to be an alternative for precise laser ablation of tissue. Among them are the high quality oscillator-two stages amplifier lasers developed, which will be described in this article. The beam quality delivered by these lasers to the biological tissue is of great importance in cutting and ablating operations. As the precision of the ablation is increased, the cutting laser interventions could well move to the microsurgery field. Recently, the combination of a laser scalpel with an optical trapping device, under microscopy control, is becoming increasingly important. Optical manipulation of microscopic particles by focused laser beams, is now widely used as a powerful tool for 'non-contact' micromanipulation of cells and organelles. Several laser sources are employed for trapping and varying laser powers are used in a broad range of applications of optical tweezers. For most of the lasers used, the focal spot of the trapping beam is of the order of a micron. As the trapped objects can vary in size from hundreds of nanometres to hundreds of microns, the technique has recently invaded in to the nanocosomos of genes and molecules. However, the use of optical trapping for quantitative research into biophysical processes requires accurate calculation of the optical forces and torques acting within the trap. The research and development efforts towards a mid-IR microbeam laser system, the design and realization efforts towards a visible laser trapping system and the first results obtained using a relatively new calibration method to calculate the forces experienced in the optical trap are discussed in detail in the following.


Determining the age of a battery under use is a highly critical but unsolved problem. On one hand , knowing battery age improves the reliability of the system using the battery. On the other hand, safety critical systems have to use new batteries on the start of each run, resulting in huge battery costs. There are numerous attempts at finding the battery age but owing to the nonlinear nature of the chemical processes in a battery, its modeling is a challenging problem. Battery ageing problem has been traditionally treated in a model-based FDI framework. The FDI techniques mostly depend upon the precision of the battery model. Obtaining accurate battery models is still an unsolved problem. Recently, data driven methods are getting acceptable by the industry owing to the ready availability of data and the growing trend towards data analytics. However, these data driven methods are not able to benefit from the battery dynamics and ground truth, considering the battery as a black box. A hybrid but rigorous approach, based on structural analysis and clustering concepts, is proposed which takes the best of both worlds by devising data driven FDI methodology benefiting from the ground truth provided by the battery models based FDI. This approach puts rigour into the classical data driven approaches. It also earmarks the right battery variables to be used in the data analysis, thus considerably decreasing the data size involved. Also it annotates the results of unsupervised learning which are hard to understand. The proposed hybrid approach is applied on predicting the age of Lithium-Ion battery showing the efficacy of the approach while demonstrating the effective use of the battery data with an approximate model of the battery.


The aim of this research was to improve inner and external fruit quality and fruit coloration using four-year-old apple cultivar 'Braeburn Hillwell' trees on M9 (3×1 m spacing) by employing reflective ground covers at Klein-Altendorf near Bonn, Germany (50°N). Reflective ground covers were spread out on both sides of tree rows seven weeks before anticipated harvest. Adjacent trees of the same row without reflective ground cover served as control. For the first time, we compared two reflective mulches(woven textiles). Apple trees with Extenday® and Lumilys® also produced 69 and to 44% well-colored fruit (with 75-100% fruit coloration) compared with 16-26% in the control. There was no acceleration of ripening in plots with reflective ground covers compared with the control. There were no differences in sugar contents (°Brix) and fruit firmness (kg cm‑2), but starch breakdown in fruit with reflective mulch was significantly delayed compared with the control resulting in retarded maturation. An economic analysis based on material costs and lifespan - excluding the labor costs for spreading and removing the ground covers - showed an economic advantage, if these mulches are used more than once a year.


Correlating molecular isomerism of N,N′-diphenylformamidine derivatives in the solid state with molecular pairwise interaction energies, experimental enthalpy and entropy of fusion.


Increasing insulation reduces the fossil fuel requirement for backup energy and allows the floor storage, which is also the primary heat exchanger for the building, to operate at a lower temperature. The solar collectors for this system were developed according to plastic film greenhouse construction practices. A black plastic film, which serves as the collector absorber plate, is sandwiched between two air-inflated pairs of clear, greenhouse grade, polyethylene film. The inflated sections provide structural support and some insulation for the absorber plate. Water flows over the black plastic film and after being warmed, drains back into the greenhouse floor. The entire system has been shown to be effective, markedly reducing fossil fuel energy requirements. A large plastic bag for underbench storage and heat exchange has been developed. Capacities for energy storage and heat transfer comparable to the flooded floor system can be obtained. Prelimminary investigations on the internal collection of solar energy using water collectors and the flooded floor storage indicate potentially promising results. However, light levels in the greenhouse are significantly reduced, and more work is needed to determine the feasibility of this concept.


This paper first introduces the development of the job stress scale for teachers and then studies its reliability and validity.The development process falls into three steps and the research sample consisted of 402 middle school teachers from Guangzhou.The study indicates that the homogeneity reliability and split-half reliability are very high,and concurrent validity is obvious.


Objective To investigate the relationship of hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in the rural senior residents of Ningbo,Zhejiang province.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used for the selection of male residents aged over 60 years and female residents aged over 50 years from the 12 villages of Ningbo city.The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were compared between the senior residents with hyperuricemia and senior residents with the normal range of uric acid.Results The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the male and female rural residents with hyperuricemia than in the male and female rural residents with the normal range of uric acid(men:χ2=17.5,P0.01;women:χ2=32.2,P0.05),respectively.The hyperuricemia was also associated with the high concentrations of total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in female residents(P0.05).The results showed that hyperuricemia was the risk factor of dyslipidemia(OR=2.378,P0.05).Conclusion The hyperuricemia of senior rural residents is associated with dyslipidemia.Regular physical examination including the testing of uric acid can improve the early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia.


Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most studied atmospheric pollutant in urban areas due to their adverse effects on human health (Pope et al., 2009). Intrinsic properties of PM (e.g. chemical composition and morphology) are directly linked to their origins. Therefore, a harmonized and comprehensive apportionment study of PM sources in urban environments is extremely required to connect source contributions with PM concentration levels and then develop effective PM abatement strategies.


This paper reports the synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrids and the catalytic performance in heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for decomposition of phenol. The surface morphologies and structures of the CoFe2O4–rGO hybrids were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopies(TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Through an in situ chemical deposition and reduction, CoFe2O4–rGO hybrids with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles of 23.8 nm were produced. Catalytic testing showed CoFe2O4–rGO hybrids exhibited much better catalytic activity than CoFe2O4, which suggests rGO plays an important role in CoFe2O4–rGO hybrids for the decomposition of phenol. Moreover, the hybrid catalyst presents good magnetism and could be separated from solution by a magnet.


In the article the historical and legal aspects of functions of administrative law have been investigated . The periodization of the formation of the administrative law function s has been made by the author. The point of view that their understanding depend es o n the scientific vision of a subject of administrative law has been proved .


This paper presents the authors' recent work towards development of SegPos, a Chinese corpus segmentation part of speech tagging system. SegPos does segmentation with prefix -method and does tagging with 2-meta syntax model. And it uses many methods such as statistics, rules, ambiguity table and part syntax analysis to decrease the ambiguity appeared during the process of segmentation and tagging.


Three Buenoa species were recently collected from nine Ohio wildlife areas. Buenoa margaritacea was collected in black light traps and dip-net samples. Two other species, B. confusa and B. scimitra, were collected solely by dip-nets. Both B. confusa and B. margaritacea have been reported from states bordering Ohio, and were expected for Ohio. Buenoa scimitra, historically known as a southern species, was not anticipated for Ohio.


Many standards, guidelines, etc. currently exist which provide guidance to DC power systems analysis. These documents are scattered throughout the industry (i.e., IEEE, UL, NEMA, GE, etc.), and primarily treat the subject assuming hand calculations are being performed. It is the intent of this paper to provide guidance for performing computer aided DC power systems analyses. This paper will cover load flow/voltage drop and short circuit calculations.<<ETX>>


The design and implementation of an analog CMOS complex filter for ZigBee using IEEE 802.15.4 standard in SMIC 180nm technology is described. This fourth-order complex Butterworth filter bases upon transconductor-capacitor (Gm-C) structure, it has a bandwidth of 3 MHz and center frequency of 2 MHz. The filter provides 50dB image rejection and comsumes very low power which can meet the requirements of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The core of the filter consumes 0.6mA current with supply voltage of 1.8V, and the core area is only 0.7×0.3 mm2.


Objective:To establish the overpressure protection for the operating shelter,and to design the cooling and heating system for the operating shelter accord ing to the climate in summer and w inter in d ifferent areas where the equ ipment is likely to be used.M ethod s:The princ iple of overpressure protection for the operating shelter is based on the princ iple of equation of leakage and supplement of air at a certain pressure d ifference,the cooling and heating system design is based on the calculation of cooling and heating loads,the environmental simulation of the operating shelter is based on the computation-al flu id dynam ics.R esu lts:The overpressure could reach over 300 Pascal in the state of single shelter,simulation results ind i-cated that the temperature in the operating shelter could be maintained at(25±3)℃,the veloc ity of airflow could be con-trolled under 0.5m /s.C onclu sion:The overpressure index is fulfilled for the protective equ ipment in the still state,the gen-eral requ irements for the thermal environment in the med ical operations are met in the operating shelter.


We analyse a biased random walk on a 1D lattice with unequal step lengths. Such a walk was recently shown to undergo a phase transition from a state containing a single connected cluster of visited sites to one with several clusters of visited sites (fragments) separated by unvisited sites at a critical probability pc (Anteneodo and Morgado 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 180602). The behaviour of ρ(l), the probability of formation of fragments of length l, is analysed. An exact expression for the generating function of ρ(l) at the critical point is derived. We prove that the asymptotic behaviour is of the form .


A crucial part of large-scale high-performance computing systems is the interconnection network. We describe an optical self-routing network based on a combination of 'clockwork' routing and wavelength division multiplexing to provide low latency and high bandwidth, with large scalability. The optical-layer architecture is described in detail, and results obtained from full numerical simulations of traffic performance demonstrate scalability to networks as large as 2048 nodes in a flat single-stage network architecture.


Carbon films containing diamond have been prepared from methanol solution by pulsed arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. The effects of methanol concentration and discharge voltage on the morphology and the quality of the films have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The films are composed of grains or clusters with different size and shape under different discharge voltage and methanol concentration. Raman analysis shows that the film is mainly composed of disorder graphite and amorphous carbon when the discharge voltage is less than 2kV. Increasing the discharge voltage is helpful for the formation of diamond. Under higher discharge voltage, decreasing the methanol concentration may improve the content of diamond in the deposited films. IR spectra indicate that organic compounds may be incorporated in the films.


To extract the maximum power out of PV array, a low-cost maximum power point tracker (MPPT) introduced at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1980. Since then many MPPT algorithms, with many variants on implementation, have been reported. In addition to presenting a comprehensive review on the various MPPT techniques employed for different PV systems, this paper is also envisioned to act as a quick reference for a few popular MPPT algorithms.


By examining a decade of newspapers accounts in the Midwest, the current study explores the nature of repeat or recidivist police sexual violence (PSV) in comparison to first-time offending in the characteristics of the offenders, nature of the PSV acts, and the departments and criminal justice system response. Results show that more than 41% of PSV cases are committed by recidivist officers who averaged 4 victims each over a 3-year span of offending. The idea of the officer shuffle is explored in the context of sexual offending by police, indicating that a minority of officers move across jurisdictions maintaining police certification despite allegations of violence and misconduct. Implications explore how policy changes, such as a national reporting system for police sexual offending, would impact problem-prone PSV offending.


The AST as Collector's Item.
In the history of the Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift it is plain to see the enormous impact of technological developments in the last decades. What started as a journal typed on stencil -- the famous Gestetner -- and edited by students grew to be a beautiful printed magazine, thanks to the advent of computers. The cover designs from 2001 onwards, after the AST came to be published independently, are sure to become collector's items, thanks to the work of designer and artist Ewald Spieker. Adapted from the source document.


SiGeC alloys are used to realize high performance compact integrated photonic devices, such as electro-optic modulators and photodetectors, on Silicon at near-IR wavelengths with performances that exceed those of conventional designs.


Disruption of gas-filled microcapsules under pulsed ultrasound irradiation is experimentally studied. The goal of this study is to evaluate the disruption rate of the polymer-shelled microcapsules as a function of the mean number concentration of the microcapsule population. In the present study, we defined the disruption of a microcapsule as decapsulation of the shell layer followed by exposure of an internal gas bubble, growing to visually detectable size through mass diffusion. An experimental setup has been designed to sonicate two-dimensionally dispersed microcapsules in a planar microchamber. Pulsed ultrasound at 1 MHz is irradiated normal to the chamber from a planar ultrasound transducer. Pure water and glycerol aqueous solution of 30 wt. % were used as the dispersion media. Image processing of the recorded microscopic images yields capsule size distribution and local concentration distribution defined as an inverse of the occupied area of the capsule position (Voronoi area). The mean number concentration is controlled over a wide range from 5 to 200 capsules/mm, while the mean capsule diameter is controlled between 25 and 40 μm regardless of the concentration. The disruption rate is evaluated comparing the number of disrupted microcapsules (gas bubbles) and the total number of microcapsules in the target area of the ultrasound irradiation. The disruption rate turned out to decrease with the mean concentration and is inversely proportional to the mean concentration for the particular case of the two-dimensional spatial distribution.


The article seeks to determine the mechanism to build loyalty by students towards their institution, through an appropriate marketing management applied to the educational field. If private educational institutions in Mexico achieve a satisfied enrollment, in a way, they will guarantee their survival as an organization. Knowing that elements of student satisfaction directly influence the experience they have within the institution, can be used in their favor through the use of educational marketing tools and thus increase both the welfare of students and the institution. With a cross-sectional study and a non-probabilistic sampling for the convenience of 60 students of a Private Higher Education Institution in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, where the results were obtained that allowed the instrument to be validated with dimensions or factors necessary in the explanation of the variables of the study, by means of descriptive statistics and statistical tests of reliability, tests of normality and correlations between elements by factor. It was discovered that the most important thing for student satisfaction is intrinsically linked to academic aspects.


The design of flexible pavements in India is usually based on the strength of subgrade soil as measured by the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). In this method, the total pavement thickness increases exponentially with decrease of the subgrade soil's CBR. The use of synthetic fabrics like geotextiles at the interface between the pavement and a poor subgrade can considerably reduce the required pavement thickness. Therefore, low-strength soils are prime targets for geotextile reinforcement. This paper presents a study of the functional and structural properties of a geotextile material, when used in a two-layer flexible pavement over poor subgrade soil. The study's objectives were to: (1) conduct repetitive static plate load tests on two semi-full-scale pavements with and without geotextile; (2) evolve a design curve for the pavement reinforced by geotextile; and (3) conduct economic analyses of the pavements with and without geotextile. Nonwoven needle-punched fabric was used, as it was the only geotextile readily available. The clayey subgrade soil and aggregates were obtained locally. The paper discusses the experimental programme, the development of the design curves, the application of the research, economic evaluation, and scope for future research. It presents several conclusions.


The 1.5 order formalism (sometimes called a 'trick') is the cornerstone of modern supergravity. In this paper, the free massive Wess Zumino theory is used as a simple toy model to look at the BRS symmetry of the first, second and 1.5 order formalisms. This easily shows that the 1.5 order formalism is flawed for all theories. The 1.5 algebra naively appears to close. However, when it is analyzed in detail, in a simple model, where easy calculations are available, the 1.5 formalism always generates an invalid BRS operator, which is not even nilpotent. This clearly is also the case for supergravity. It follows that a revised and completed set of nilpotent first order supergravity transformations is needed to properly understand 3+1 dimensional supergravity. Such a set seems easy to write down, by simply adding two more auxiliary fields so that the spin connection becomes part of a super–YM multiplet.


This paper describes the results of an analysis of 1950 curves of recovery from temporary threshold shift (TTS) to investigate the phenomena of diphasic recovery, sensitization and bounce higher than initial TTS. The phenomena were found to be closely related to the transition periods and the transition stimuli which are in turn associated with TTS. Individual differences in susceptibility were also revealed, although susceptibility to diphasic recovery was found to be associated with a lower susceptibility to sensitization and a higher susceptibility to bounce higher than the initial TTS. A "composite" theory is postulated to explain the phenomenon.


This text uses questionnaires, literatures and statistic analytical method to study the innovation in "Random Opening" Physical Education in our university. The author find out that there are many problems in "Random Opening" Physical Educating Model, and analyze the reasons of the presence of these problems. Finally,the paper give out some solutions for the "Random Opening" Physical Education in our university to consult.


Results from early photometric and spectroscopic studies for M22 showed a metallicity spread similar to, albeit significantly smaller than, that found in ω Cen, the most massive cluster in our Galaxy. Numerous studies of M22 over the last few decades have yielded conflicting results: depending upon the sample and analysis techniques, some authors find no significant variations whereas others find metallicity variations of ∼0.5 dex. In our investigation of a sample of ∼30 stars, we are employing high resolution high signal-tonoise spectra and a variety of spectroscopic approaches in determining the stellar metallicities. In this contribution, we report some of the preliminary results from our investigation of the question of metallicity variations in M22, employing a set of models derived by applying chemical constraints.


Preface. Remarks on the notes and bibliographies. List of archival sources consulted. List of abbreviations. Part I - The Post-War Emergence of High-Energy Physics. From cosmic-ray and nuclear physics to high-energy physics (U. Mersits). Part II - The Prehistory of CERN, 1949 - February 1952. The first suggestions, 1949 - June 1950 (D. Pestre). The fusion of the initiatives, June - December 1950 (D. Pestre). The period of informed optimism, December 1950 - August 1951 (D. Pestre). The period of conflict, August - December 1951 (D. Pestre). The establishment of a Council of Representatives of European States, December 1951 - February 1952 (D. Pestre). Part III - The Provisional CERN, February 1952 - October 1954. Survey of developments (J. Krige). Case studies of some important decisions (J. Krige). Collection of photographs and documents of historic interest. Part IV - National Decisions to Join CERN. French attitudes to the European Laboratory, 1949 - 1954 (D. Pestre). The Italian scenario (L. Belloni). Germany's part in the setting-up of CERN (A. Hermann). Britain and the European Laboratory Project: 1951 - mid-1952 (J. Krige). Britain and the European Laboratory Project: mid-1952 - December 1953 (J. Krige). Part V - Concluding Remarks. The how and the why of the birth of CERN (J. Krige and D. Pestre). Appendices: Who's who in the Foundation of CERN (A. Hermann) Chronology of Events (J. Krige and D. Pestre). Name index. Thematic subject index.


The Fort Laramie area comprises about 200 square miles along the northwest margin of the Julesburg basin in southeastern Wyoming. Bocks exposed are the White River formation of Oligocene age, an unamed conglomerate sequence of late Oligocene and earliest Miocene' age, the Arikaree formation of early and early middle Miocene age, lag boulders from deposits of post-early Miocene and pre-Pliocene age, and loess, silt, sand, and gravel deposits of Pleistocene and Recent age. Pre-Oligocene rocks in the subsurface include igneous and metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age; the Guernsey formation of Devonian and Mississippian age; the Hartville formation of Mississippian(?), Pennsylvanian, and Permian age; the Opeche shale, Minnekahta limestone, and a gypsum and red shale sequence of Permian age; the Chugwater formation of Triassic age; the Sundance 'and Morrison formations of Jurassic age; and the Cleverly, Tnermopolis, Mowry, Frontier, Niobrara, and Pierre formations of Cretaceous age. The Fox Hills sandstone and Lance formation of Late Cretaceous age were penetrated in one well about 11 miles southeast of the Fort Laramie area. The White River formation is exposed in Goshen Hole in the southeastern part of the map area and in the North Platte and Laramie River valleys in the north-central part of the map area. It consists of about 80 feet of variegated bentonitic claystone containing gray conglomeratic, crossbedded channel sandstone, overlain by 290 to 570 feet of orange-gray tuffaceous siltstone and silty claystone also containing gray conglomeratic, crossbedded channel sandstone beds. Vertebrate fossils from many horizons in the formation indicate an early through late Oligocene age. Overlying the White River formation in the northwestern part of the map area and around the northwestern part of Goshen Hole is a conglomerate sequence 50 to 100 feet thick. Constituents of the conglomerate range in size from sand to boulders, which are derived in part from rocks of Precambrian age and in part from the Guernsey and Hartville formations. Vertebrate fossils indicate that the conglomerate is of late Oligocene and earliest Miocene age. The Arikaree formation rests on the conglomerate sequence where that unit is present and directly on the White River formation elsewhere. It is as much as 700 feet thick and is divisible into three units: a lower 200to 300-foot sequence of soft massive orange-gray tuffaceous sandstone of early and middle early Miocene age; a middle 200-foot sequence of gray tuffaceous sandstone Fl F2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY of late early Miocene age containing many limy sandstone and fresh-water limestone beds; and an upper 200-foot sequence of soft massive orange-gray tuffaceous sandstone of early middle Miocene age. Limy sandstone concretions and siliceous root casts are abundant throughout the Arikaree formation. Lag boulders 3 to 4 feet in diameter rest on the Arikaree formation in the northwestern part of the map area. These are believed to have weathered out of a post-early Miocene and pre-Pliocene deposit. Deposits of Quaternary age cover a large part of the Fort Laramie area. These deposits range in thickness from 0 to 80 feet. Units mapped include terrace deposits of sand, silt, and gravel; sand and loess deposits forming upland soils; tributary valley alluvium; and flood-plain deposits. The so-called Larainide orogeny that produced the Laramie Mountains, Hartville uplift, Richeau Hills, and Moonshine Hills in eastern Wyoming probably reached its climax in the early Eocene. Following the orogeny, but prior to deposition of rocks of Oligocene age, the Larainide folds were extensively eroded and in many places rocks of Precambrian age were exposed. On the surface thus formed, sediments of Oligocene and younger age were deposited. Oligocene and Miocene sediments were deposited on broad flood plains with intermittent channel cutting and filling. Northwestern Wyoming is suggested as a possible source for the volcanic ash, an important constituent of the Oligocene and Miocene deposits. Following the deposition of rocks of early middle Miocene age in eastern Wyoming, an orogenic disturbance with extensive block faulting resulted in a conspicuous horst block bounded by the Wheatland fault system on the northwest and the Whalen fault system on the southeast. Associated regional folding resulted in a broad donial uplift now breached to form Goshen Hole, and an arch across the horst block. Test wells drilled for oil and gas in the area have not been productive. The possibility of subsurface folds southeast of the Hartville uplift-Moonshine Hills-Richeau Hills lineament may be investigated in future tests. Rocks of Cretaceous age east of the Fort Laramie area may contain stratigraphic oil traps. Higher than normal uranium content has been detected in some rock and water samples from strata of Oligocene and Miocene age in the area. Terrace gravels are local sources for road surfacing and riprap materials.


Wood and glulam structures are widely used and play an important role in the fields of bridge, building, furniture and packaging or other fields. The elasticity modulus is not only the most basic indicator but also a very significant index among the numerous of mechanical performance index of wood. Some of current methods for measurin g the elastic modulus of wood and glu lam structures were summarized in this study, and the methods also were used to study the development trend of elasticity modulus nondestructive testing methods.


Firstly,the paper elucidates on the origin of the sociology of Translation Studies and provides an analysis of the features of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice,Luhmann's Theory of Social Systems and Latour's Actor-Network Theory,as well as their core concepts: field,habitus,capital,system,and network. Then,the progress of the sociology of Translation Studies since the 1990s is outlined,and at once its limitations are pointed out: centrifugation,relativism and ethnography in terms of ontology,epistemology and methodology respectively. Lastly,it is maintained that,for the sake of vitality of the research paradigm,the sociology of Translation Studies is to develop in two directions: proportionate ontological return and enhancement of its explanatory power.


Since their commercial debut in the 1930s, plate heat exchangers have found widespread use in the chemical process industries (CPI). Today, more than two dozen firms market this space-saving and highly efficient type of heat exchanger. One reason for the popularity of plate heat exchangers is that their overall heat-transfer coefficient (U) is superior to that of shell-and-tube heat exchangers [1,2,3,4]. In clean water-to-water service, for example, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger has a U value of 350 Btu/ft[sup 2]-h-F, much lower than the 1,000 of a plate design at the same pressure drop. However, the plate heat exchanger's much higher U values also mean that fouling factors have a much greater effect on calculations of exchanger surface area. The right fouling factor is the key to specifying plate heat exchanger areas correctly.


The course construction of environmental ecology based on project-structure were studied.Guided by the professional activities,the suggestions on structure and design of the course,development of teachers' qualities and course assessment etc were put forward.


carcinoids2. They usually occur in the ileum, are often multiple (16-34%) and can be associated with other bowel tumours3. In this case, a phaeochromocytoma was initially suspected because ofthe hypertension. This proved incidental but, fortunately, stimulated further investigation including MIBG scanning. MIBG scans are typically used for phaeochromocytomas but may also identify carcinoids. The overall 5 year survival rate is about 50% for small bowel carcinoid2. When tumours are confined to the bowel wall, the survival rate is 85%, but only 5% when they invade serosa or metastasise4. When liver metastases are present, malignant carcinoid syndrome (MCS) may occur. This is characterized by bronchospasm, diarrhoea, facial flushes, hypotension and right-sided heart lesions and is due to tumour secreted peptides5. Flushing is the most common symptom and occurs in 90% of cases. However, liver metastases may be asymptomatic. Our patient admitted to minor facial flushing on direct questioning. It is possible that she could develop MCS in the future. Carcinoid liver secondaries almost invariably involve both lobes6. Resection gives the best palliation and can prolong life by several years7. Debulking procedures should be performed even when there is gross disease, as in this case8. Inoperable metastatic disease may be treated by hepatic artery ligation or hyperthermic liver perfusion9. In addition, various chemotherapeutic agents can be used including streptozocin and somatostatin, a natural inhibitor of APUD cells capable of 'switching off' tumour cells and reducing 5-HIAA excretion'0. These drugs may be more effective when administered via the hepatic artery. For this reason a catheter was placed in our patient. She has not required chemotherapy to date. Another therapeutic option is the serotonin receptor inhibitor, cyproheptidine which is particularly effective against the diarrhoea of MCS.


Abstract We report the first records of the ingestion of a toxic California newt (Taricha torosa) and a particular species of Jerusalem cricket (Stenopelmatus fuscus) by a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). This is one of only a few records of avian predation on this genus of toxic newt. Ingestion of the extremely poisonous tetrodotoxin present in the newt's skin was likely the cause of the owl's death.


A new torquoselective ring-closure of chiral amide-substituted 1,3,5-hexatrienes and its application in tandem with [4 + 2] cycloaddition are described. The trienes were derived via either a 1,3-H or 1,3-H-1,7-H shift of alpha-substituted allenamides, and the entire sequence through the [4 + 2] cycloaddition could be in tandem from allenamides.


Abstract The finding of the nursery burrow of a Short-beaked Echidna close to the house of the two senior authors allowed close observation and monitoring of breeding behaviour. Two young emerged from the nursery burrow eight days apart. Individual colour-marking of the mother and both young allowed their movements and behaviour to be monitored over subsequent months. Data are presented on post-emergence suckling of both young, which continued for 60 days after emergence, and included one instance when both were suckled simultaneously. Information is also presented on the movements, survival, and selection of shelter-sites by the juveniles. The two juveniles are likely to be twins, though they are not identical twins. These observations provide the first record of a female echidna successfully raising more than one young in a single breeding season, and the first records of parental care of young echidnas after they have vacated the nursery burrow.


Significance: The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now among the most widely used synthetic methods in organic chemistry. Organozinc reagents are in general more reactive than the corresponding boron compounds, and at the same time are seemingly incompatible with acidic protons in the reaction mixture. A careful choice of the catalyst and reaction conditions allowed performing the cross-coupling of unprotected phenols, alcohols and anilines that greatly broadened the scope of substrates, suitable for the Negishi cross-coupling reaction. Comment: The study of the relative rates of the protonation of aryl-, alkyland benzylzinc compounds by i-PrOH revealed the following sequence: PhZnl > OctZnBr > PhCH2ZnBr. However, in the presence of Pd(II)-S-Phos system, the cross-coupling is faster for all of them than the protonation even by a phenol. Addition of the organozinc reagent via a syringe pump is crucial for obtaining high yields. All zinc reagents were prepared directly from the corresponding halides by the insertion of zinc metal in the presence of LiCl (A. Krasovskiy, V. Malakhov, A. Gavryushin, P. Knochel Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 6040). O


Summary form only given. Experiments of DBD in a 2-mm air gap were performed. When fine wire mesh electrodes covered with 0.1 mm PET film and 50 Hz AC power source were used, the breakdown voltage of the gap is 6.4 kV, about 1.3 W lower than that using plate electrodes covered with 1 mm quartz plate. The discharge using the mesh electrodes covered by PET film looks more uniform than that using plate electrodes covered by quartz plate. Even when a uniform discharge was observed, multipulses of discharge current in the half cycle of the applied voltage were recorded, which indicates the discharge is filament discharge rather than glow discharge. When 50 Hz source is replaced by a high frequency source, the uniform discharge turns to strong filaments. It may be explained by the thermal instability. The reason for the mesh electrodes covered by PET film making discharge more uniform is still not fully understood. The calculations of the electric field in the gap show that the wire mesh electrodes couldn't enhance much the gap field close to the PET film when the film is thicker than 0.05 mm. In helium APGD experiments with one electrode uncovered by dielectric it was found that discharge current peak is higher and breakdown voltage of the gap is lower in the half voltage cycle when the uncovered electrode was operated as cathode. It seems not to be closely related to the second electron emission from the uncovered cathode since no much differences were found when the uncovered electrode of stainless steel was replaced by an aluminium one


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of external bleaching agents on the microhardness of human enamel after its prolonged use. Twenty intact human third molars were submitted to mesio-distal crosscut and embedded in polystyrene resin. The specimens were submitted to finish, and half of the enamel surface of each specimen was covered with cosmetic varnish, representing the control group (G0 – did not receive bleaching agents). The sample was divided into four groups (n=10): G1 – one bleaching session with 16% carbamide peroxide; G2 – three bleaching sessions with 16% carbamide peroxide; G3 – one bleaching session with 22% carbamide peroxide; and G4 – three bleaching sessions with 22% carbamide peroxide. Each session lasted 8 hours a day over the course of two weeks, with 45 days interval between G2 and G4 sessions. During this period, the specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37°C. Then, the Knoop hardness test was done on the middle third of each bleached and non-bleached surface. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA), Tukey's test (p< 0.05) and Dunnet test for comparison to G0, which showed the highest superficial hardness averages, differing statistically from the other groups (306.69 KHN). Group 4 showed the lowest average (135.37 KHN). It was concluded that bleaching reduced enamel hardness. Furthermore, increasing of carbamide peroxide (22%) associated with an increased number of sessions (3 sessions) enhanced the decrease in microhardness.


The millennial generation is currently faced with a great challenge, which is the effort to defend the noble values and traditions of the Indonesian nation during the industrial revolution era 4.0. To overcome the negative impact of the industrial revolution 4.0, the Indonesian government gives freedom to all schools to integrate the values of local wisdom in each school that aims to shape the character of students into millennials who are virtuous per the character of the Indonesian Nation. This paper aims to explain the conception of the synergy of learning technology in the form of m-learning which is integrated with the values of Catur Guru local wisdom implemented by the Hindu community in Bali as an effort to shape the character of the millennial generation. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies and interviews with traditional leaders of the village of Panglipuran, as well as vice-principals in the field of curriculum and several students in Junior High School PGRI 1 Denpasar.


In this study I-V characteristic, temperature dependence of resistivity, thermopower, were investigated for thin films on the basis of Ge2Sb2Te5 doped by Bi. Resistivities, ratio of the resistivities of amorphous and crystalline states, activation energies of conductivity, temperature of phase transition, Seebeck coefficient were estimated. Transport mechanisms in Ge2Sb2Te5 + Bi thin films were analyzed.


Populations of Agave potatorum Zucc. have been overexploited from their habitat for the commercial production of mezcal, a traditional Mexican liquor. For this species, micropropagation is the only method for cloning selected genotypes. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for the in-vitro propagation of A. potatorum by use of individual shoots. In the propagation stage, the interaction between different concentrations of the cytokinin benzylaminopurine (BAP: 0, 1.5, and 3.0 mg L–1)and the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA: 0, 1.5, and 3.0 mg L–1) was evaluated. For in-vitro rooting, the interaction between different auxin concentrations, namely naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA: 0, 1.5 and 3.0 mg L–1) and IAA (0, 1.5 and 3.0 mg L–1) was evaluated. In the propagation stage, the highest number of shoots was obtained with the combinations of 3.0 mg L–1 BAP + 3.0 mg L–1 IAA, 1.5 mg L–1 BAP + 3.0 mg L–1 IAA, and 3.0 mg L–1 BAP + 1.5 mg L–1 IAA, which yielded 9.87, 9.73, and 9.73 shoots per explant, respectively.  In the rooting stage, the best shoot development was observed in the control treatment and when only 3.0 mg L–1 IAA was supplemented. Finally, after the rooting stage, the plantlets obtained were acclimatized and grown in the field, yielding a survival rate of 98-100%. In conclusion, this propagation protocol contributes to obtaining commercial propagules suitable for establishment in the field.


The last decade has seen major advances in experimental method development for protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction analysis, and we are making great strides towards mapping such interaction networks. In sharp contrast, methods to identify protein-metabolite interactions have not advanced significantly. The gold standard is still classical in vitro biochemistry to analyze suspected interactions one by one. Here we set out to identify in vivo relevant proteinmetabolite interactions that mediate allosteric enzyme regulation from dynamic metabolite concentration data.Specifically, we focus on central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli during 60 second carbon source shifts between glycolytic and gluconeogenic substrates. The key input are dynamic concentration data from more than 50 metabolites and their dynamic C carbon labeling profiles, measured with UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry (Büscher et al., 2010). We observed that during short substrate switches E. coli immediately redirects flux. Next we ask which regulatory mechanisms enable these rapid yet very robust changes. Therefore, structurally different kinetic models of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis that cover almost ten thousand combinations of allosteric feedback and feed-forward loops were evaluated with regard to multiple performance criteria. One criterion was the prediction of metabolite and labeling profiles observed in the experiments, others were robustness (homeostasis) and efficiency (futile cycling) during the switches. With this approach we could identify the allosteric interactions that are relevant for regulating shifts between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


One kind of bag garbage disposal apparatus, in one embodiment comprising: a drum assembly (1), comprising a first conveyor (120) to garbage bags from a transfer conveyor means (12) to a bag to tear waste drum (10), and the second transmission (170) located in a cylinder (10) to the rear end opening bagged refuse falling from the refuse transport to a subsequent station (P); a flexible strip collecting means (2), which is set up to the drum (10) and extends into the rear end opening of the outer cylinder (10) therein; a top edge disposed in the elongated housing member (20) chevron cross plate (23); an elongated gap (230) which is provided on the cross plate (23) to the top, and a flexible strip is provided at the collection means (2) for receiving a rear end before falling from the collecting means flexible strip (2) of the flexible strip (a) a second collecting tank (24); and a sieve cleaning means (. 3A), comprising: at least one pump (36) and a pipe (37) having one end disposed in the drum (10) forming at least a a nozzle (372) for cleaning waste falling.


In the globalized and competitive world of today, large cities must face important challenges in order to have comparative advantages over their competitors. Twenty-first century cities must be able to increase their resources and provide quality services to residents and visitors. To achieve its own identity, reputation and a distinctive and solid brand, urban marketing becomes a fundamental and unavoidable instrument in the management and organization of cities.


The effects of grain size for improving in fatigue strength was studied on plain carbon steel, with a special emphasis on the critical behavior of the non-propagating crack. It is found from experimental analysis that the endurance limit of plain carbon steel follows the Hall-Petch type relationship in a wide range of ferrite grain sizes. However, the effect of grain refinement on the endurance limit is not so prominent, compared with results already popularly known. Furthermore, an improvement in the fatigue strength of low carbon steel by grain refinement can be associated with the restriction of the length of a critical non-propagating crack, and with an increase of the crack growth resistance of matrix ferrite.


We propose a way to differentiate between various extra U(1) models using flavor tagging in the decay modes once the extra Z′ is observed at future colliders in the lepton channel. A generalization of the R parameter, namely, one for charge and one for charge quark gives a two-parameter test for the various models. Flavor tagging eliminates the uncertainty because of extra fermions and can reduce the QCD background at SSC/LHC dramatically. For E6 and SO(10) based models the former is always 3. This seems to be a very good way to eliminate certain models.


The concepts of edge collapse, edge flip, edge split, and vertex relocation are rather straightforward in two dimensions. However, generalizing them to manifold surfaces needs extra steps to be taken. In this section we will introduce these core operations. Namely controlling mesh fidelity, projection of points on the initial mesh, geodesic polar mapping, Delaunay edge flips, area based vertex relocation, and Laplacian smoothing.


The utility model relates to a middle box automatic boxing machine, and belongs to the field of product packaging machines. The middle box automatic boxing machine comprises a machine body, wherein an electrical cabinet is arranged inside the machine body, an upper platform and a lower platform are arranged at the upper portion of the machine body, a box-running rail and a box-pressing air cylinder are arranged on the upper platform, the box-pressing air cylinder is connected with a box-pressing plate, a guiding groove corresponding to the box-pressing plate is formed in the bottom of the upper platform, a box placing frame is arranged at the front end of the lower platform, a rail plate is arranged at one side of the box placing frame, a box-blocking air cylinder is arranged in front of the box placing frame, a box-sucking air cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the lower platform and is connected with a box-sucking plate, the box-sucking plate is attached to the tail end of the rail plate, a box-opening positioning air cylinder is arranged at one side of the box-sucking air cylinder, a box-opening air cylinder is arranged between the box-opening positioning air cylinder and the box placing frame, a first box-pushing air cylinder corresponding to the space between the box-sucking plate and the box placing frame is arranged at the left side of the rail plate, and a starting switch and a power switch are arranged at one side of the box placing frame. The middle box automatic boxing machine is high in degree of automation, good in stability, simple in equipment structure, compact in appearance, reasonable in design, convenient to install, high in practicability, and capable of being installed in various production lines conveniently.


In this study, a method that leads to make a simple decision on important parameters in analysis of wave field in permeable rubble-mound, block-mound breakwater, such as penetration velocity of incident waves and resistance coefficient, is introduced. A model that could analyze wave field of permeable breakwater in harbor, by applying these methods and arbitrary transmission coefficient boundary condition to a time-dependent mild-slope equation, was introduced. The verification of the model was done by carrying out 2-D physical model test on permeable breakwater, measuring the change in water surface elevation, comparing the computation result with time series, and comparing the result gained from the 3-D physical model test on permeable blockmound breakwater in an field harbor with the computation result in terms of regional wave height ratio in a harbor.


Summary The personal space of 116 pedestrians in midtown Manhattan was violated by a male or female experimenter. The subject population consisted of predominantly middle-class adults of all ages. Fifty-three percent of the subjects were male, and 27 percent were black. The experimenter walked toward a target subject in an unwavering straight line. Subjects and experimenters approached and passed each other in a section of the street where a measurement grid had been drawn on the sidewalk. Observers measured the point at which subjects initially deflected from the collision line, and the distance between subject and experimenter at the point at which they passed each other. The results indicated that males were given less frontal space than females (p < .01). About 40 percent of the trials resulted in mild brushes even though the line of vision between the experimenter and subject was always clear. The male experimenter was brushed more often than the female experimenter (p < .05). These results differ ma...


【Objective】The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with α-ketoglutarate(AKG) on muscle energy metabolism with reference to its molecular mechanism in weaned pigs after repetitive stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).【Method】 Twenty-four piglets were assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangements with LPS challenge(or without) and dietary supplementation of AKG at 0 and 1% as the main factors,total four treatments.The 24 weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,6.79±0.32 kg BW) were randomly allocated to one of the 4 treatment groups(6 replicates for each group).LPS challenged piglets were given a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS at 10,13,15 d and non-challenged piglets were injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline at the same doses.On 16 d,all pigs were killed and anesthesia and gastrocnemius tissues were excised.Muscle adenine nucleotide was assayed by HPLC,western blot assays were performed for muscle AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC) expression and their phosphorylation.【Result】 There were significantly interaction effects of AKG supplementation and LPS challenge on AMP level and AMP/ATP ratio(P0.05).Dietary supplementation of 1% AKG increased ADP(P0.05),attenuated the increase of AMP level and AMP/ATP and the decrease of ADP and energy charge(EC) induced by LPS challenge(P0.05).AKG supplementation and LPS challenge had no effects on the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK.Dietary supplementation of 1% AKG significantly inhibited ACC phosphorylation.LPS challenge significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of ACC(P0.05).【Conclusion】These results demonstrated that,under the present experimental conditions,LPS challenge resulted in muscle energy depletion.Dietary supplementation of 1% AKG could maintain muscle energy metabolism.Dietary supplementation of 1% AKG might affect muscle energy metabolism via ACC signaling.AKG might affect muscle energy metabolism via ACC signaling,therefore improve body energy status after LPS challenge.


The paper elaborate on the basic concept of estate management contract, and pointed out the relative legal issues in order to provide some references.


This paper considers the problem of material recognition. Motivated by observation of close interconnections between material and object recognition, we study how to select and integrate multiple features obtained by different models of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained in a transfer learning setting. To be specific, we first compute activations of features using representations on images to select a set of samples which are best represented by the features. Then, we measure uncertainty of the features by computing entropy of class distributions for each sample set. Finally, we compute contribution of each feature to representation of classes for feature selection and integration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets for material recognition. Additionally, we introduce a new material dataset, named EFMD, which extends Flickr Material Database (FMD). By the employment of the EFMD for transfer learning, we achieve 84.0% ± 1.8% accuracy on the FMD dataset, which is close to the reported human performance 84.9%.


This research assessed the fumigant activity of the essential oil from Piper sancti-felicis Trel and five of its components on the Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) biological model. Hydrodistillation was used for extraction of the essential oil, with separation and identification of the compounds through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fumigant was evaluated through gas dispersion on the T. castaneum. The majority compounds found in the EO were -nerolidol (15.4%), 3carene (14.9%), p-cymene (9.1%), spathulenol (8.2%), -cubebene (6.2%) and calamenene (5.2%). Piper sancti-felicis displayed fumigant activity with a LC50 = 108.5 μg L air, and other individual monoterpenes tested such as α-terpinolene (LC50 = 110.1 μg L air), p-cymene (LC50 = 120.3 μg L air), 3-carene (LC50 = 130.6 μg L air) (R) -limonene (CL50 = 189.6 μg L air), and -pinene (LC50 = 213.1 μg L air), were significantly less toxic than methyl pyrimiphos used as a positive control, CL50 = 87.4 μg L air. The essential oil of P. sancti-felicis can be considered as a natural source of biocides.


Aim Upwelling laments are shallow, elongated structures of cool waters often visible in the regions of coastal upwelling. The present thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms responsible for the generation of laments. Location the study is centered on the Canary Current Upwelling system, located o northwest Africa, in particular around Cape Ghir (30◦38'N, 9◦53'W), where these laments are frequently observed.


In the monograph from the position of synergetic paradigm substantiates the concept of development of convergent technologies as a key factor in solving global problems in the new industrial revolution. The main trends in the development of convergent technologies and identifies advanced manufacturing technologies, the most promising for the consumer in developed countries. The evaluation conditions for the establishment, status and innovation potential, based on simulation model and scenarios of scientific and innovative development of Ukraine. Methodical approach to foresight-prediction of the priority directions of development of convergent technologies and identified priority areas for development and their introduction into the economy of Ukraine on the example of nanotechnology. The analysis of prospects of the use of convergent technologies in the sectors of Ukraine's economy. Introduced a scientific and methodical approach to the creation of institutional support mechanism for the development and implementation of convergent technologies in Ukraine in conditions of formation of a common research area with the EU. The monograph is intended for a wide circle of readers interested in the characteristics of the development of convergent technologies and new industrial revolution in the Ukraine in terms of its integration into the world economic system.


SUBJECflVITY OF ESTIMATING BLOOD LOSS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN THE OPERATING ROOM Hugh Andrew Siegel, BSN School of Allied Health Professions--Virginia Commonwealth University August, 1 993 . Major Director: Thomas Bowman, MS, CRNA This research utilized a descriptive study to establish a relationship between educational background and accuracy of estimating blood loss. The null hypothesis, that the educational background of health care providers in the operating room has no effect on the accuracy of estimating blood loss , was tested. Ten nurse anesthesia students, 8 certified registered nurse anesthetists, 16 operating room registered nurses, 1 2 anesthesiologists, and 9 surgeons were included in the sample population. A number of different protocols were utilized to assess the relative accuracy of blood volumes estimates. The study was separated into four stations. Station I consisted of three tables, each with different sizes and types of sponges with varying amounts of blood placed on them. Four estimates were required at each table, for a total of 1 2 estimates. Stations 2-3-4 contained different aggregates of blood-soaked materials, requiring a single estimate at each station. Repeated measures analysis of varience (ANO VA) revealed that the means across all groups in Station I reached statistical significance beyond �= .05 (< .00 1 ) , and the hypothesis is


Even if we recognize English as a language for international and intercultural communication, there still remains another serious problem we have to overcome in Japan. This is an extremely complex problem because it is the problem inherent in traditional Japanese communication styles. Japanese communication styles are basically made for intranational and intracultural, rather than international and intercultural interaction. Perhaps, a large obstacle here is the Japanese culture of sasshi (conjecture or tacit understanding). The Japanese have a strong belief that we have much in common with each other. We make much of human relationships in which we can apply such proverbs as ichi wo ieba juu ga wakaru ("Make one point and you can get ten points across"), or iwanakutemo wakaru ("You need not say much to communicate what you have in mind"). This communication style is an output of interaction patterns employed by people who enjoy closely knit social relations, sharing a communalized system of common assumptions. Japanese people generally believe that it is pointless to speak precisely and explicitly with one another because we are expected to read between the lines. Dependence on tacit understanding endorsed by contextual interpretation discourages the development of a disposition to convey messages in an expository manner. Language education here does not train people for how to transmit information or how to express their opinions clearly and precisely. On the contrary, writing classes in Japan emphasize writing "as you think and feel." The underlying assumption is that the function of language as a means of social communication is not to state facts and opinions, but to maintain the feeling of harmonious relationships. However, such a style of language use is becoming inconvenient, even among the Japanese. Japanese lifestyles and values are getting more and more diversified, a development that is making the traditional act of sasshi less effective. Implicit understandings and shared presuppositions are losing their significance as a basis for Japanese communication. The full and explicit use of the power of words is required instead. This is an extremely difficult task. Perhaps, we can solve these problems by emphasizing intercultural communication in our language education curriculum. Indeed, earlier training in intercultural communication skills in the mother tongue will be useful for learning English as a language of wider communication later. This endeavor is strongly called for not only in Japan, but also some other countries in Asia. Asian Englishes welcomes contributions in this field


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: present invention provides a method of controlling conditions for site-specific binding of a polypeptide and a non-peptide polymer by controlling pH and alcohol content of the reaction medium. EFFECT: method is intended to prevent formation of secondary conjugates, wherein a non-peptide polymer binds with a physiologically vital amino acid residue. 15 cl, 36 dwg, 25 ex


The scavenging free radical and antioxidant activity of cinnamon essence oil was studied. The results showed that the cinnamon essence oil had scavenging effect on free radical of 1,1-dippheny- 2-picrylhydray radical (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical(OH·) and superoxide radical(O-2·). The scavenging capacity of the cinnamon essence oil was improved as the concentration increased, the scavenging capacity to OH· was the best, it was 95.5% when the concentration of cinnamon essence oil was 0.1mg/mL. And also the cinnamon essence oil possessed antioxidant activities in lipid. When the rate of cinnamon essence oil concentration and peanut oil is 0.5%, the effect is best. The antioxidant activities of 0.5% cinnamon essence oil was better than 0.05% Vc and lower than 0.01% PG.


The univalency concept of the mechanism responsible for the failure of incomplete antibodies to produce direct agglutination of appropriate untreated red cells has been investigated. Artificially produced univalent (hybrid) 7S antibodies were found to differ in serologic behaviour from incomplete anti-Rh antibodies of the same molecular size. The data suggest that the so-called `univalent' anti-Rh antibody molecule is bivalent.


Poster: "ECR 2016 / C-1073 / Diagnostic value of Computed Tomography (CT) for the detection of pleuroparenchymal abnormalities in acute pulmonary embolism " by: "M. Attia, A. BEN OTHMAN , H. Neji, I. Baccouche, S. Hantous-Zannad, K. Ben Miled; ARIANA/TN"


This work explores avenues and target areas for optimizing FPGA-based control hardware for experiments conducted on superconducting quantum computing systems and serves as an introduction to some of the current research at the intersection of classical and quantum computing hardware. With the promise of building larger-scale error-corrected quantum computers based on superconducting qubit architecture, innovations to room-temperature control electronics are needed to bring these quantum realizations to fruition. The QICK (Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit) is one leading experimental FPGA-based implementations. However, its integration into other experimental quantum computing architectures, especially those using superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities, is largely unexplored. We identify some key target areas for optimizing control electronics for superconducting qubit architectures and provide some preliminary results to the resolution of a control pulse waveform. With optimizations targeted at 3D superconducting qubit setups, we hope to bring to light some of the requirements in classical computational methodologies to bring out the full potential of this quantum computing architecture, and to convey the excitement of progress in this research.


System and method for transporting a printing material system, comprising: a loading station, the loading station to load one or more print substrate; a first printing plate, the printing plate to receive the first printing material, the first printing plate movably connected to the first side of the system; second printing plate, the second substrate plate to receive one or more of the print substrate, the first substrate plate the first side of the second side face movably connected to the system; pad transfer printing system, the printing plate transfer system operatively connected to said loading station, said printing plate transfer system to move the print the first printing system and a second pad printing plate; calibration station, the calibration station so that the first printing plate and a printing plate on the second print substrate or a plurality of aligned; print station, the printing station to print the first printing plate and a printing plate on the second or more print substrate; and an unloading station, the unloading station the one or more print substrate from said first substrate and the second plate Uninstall printing plate; said transmission system comprises first moving the printing pad and said second pad printing in the horizontal direction and moving said first plate and said second substrate in a vertical direction two pad printing apparatus.


The CDF and DO/ collaborations have collected over 110 pb−1 of data each. From these data samples, both experiments have measured the top quark mass and pair production cross section in a variety of decay channels, including the dilepton, lepton plus jets and all jets channels. The combined top quark mass from both experiments is mt=173.5±5.2 GeV/c2. Additionally, upper limits have been obtained for certain rare or nonstandard (FCNC and charged Higgs) top quark decays.


Owing to the theory of social capital and social net and the great background of social transition,the research into the social relationship of the countryside has great theoretical and immediate significance.A deep study of an individual case shows that village social relationship has the typical feature of the transitional period,of which the community social capital of the relationship mainly embodies in harmonious primary social relationship,mutually beneficial tool reason relationship,closed net structure and media structure of different groups of people.The element and structure of those relationships play an important role in conforming community.But there still exist such problems as the lack of social relationship resource for the weak group of people with their exclusion of the main stream social net,immaturity of the secondary social relationship and incompletion of the approach of organizational coordination.To solve the problems,we should construct the social support net for the weak group of people,perfect the interaction net of the rural organizations and reconstruct the rural interaction net beneficial to the conformation of communities.


The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has specific elements that must be met in order for there to be a violation. However, with increasing frequency it appears that the Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission have transformed FCPA enforcement into a free-for-all corporate ethics statute in which any conduct the enforcement agencies find objectionable is fair game to extract a multi-million dollar settlement from a risk-averse corporation.
An example is the $202.6 million FCPA enforcement action against JPMorgan Chase & Co. based on alleged improper hiring and internship practices in the Asia-Pacific region. After discussing the main features of the problematic enforcement action, this article highlights why the SEC's enforcement action finding violations of the FCPA's anti-bribery, books and records and internal controls provisions represents a trifecta of off-the-rails FCPA enforcement and why anyone who values the rule of law should be alarmed.


The finite-element package PLTMG was designed to solve a wide variety of non-linear, scalar elliptic PDEs. In this paper we examine the application of PLTMG to the solution of a potential flow problem using the stream function formulation. The flow problem is that of irrotational steady flow through a shallow lake with prescribed inflows and outflows. A two-dimensional (vertically integrated) model is used. One or more islands may be present. The paper focuses on the advantages of the stream function formulation for obtaining accurate streamlines and partial residence times as opposed to using a potential function formulation. If islands are present the stream values at the island boundaries are unknowns which must be determined to fulfil a condition of zero circulation round each island. Thus, if N islands are present, an N-fold linear continuation must be performed to determine the solution.


This paper researched a kind of antipodal Vivaldi antenna for passive guidance radar application on the missile. In order to achieve better characteristics of end-fire, a rectangular slot was used to change the antenna surface current distribution on the basis of the original antenna. To solve the problem of low gain for the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna, an ellipse parasitic patch was introduced at the end of radiation zone of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna. Simulation results showed that the average gain of the antenna is increased by 2.5dBi. Finally, this paper discussed the performance changes of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna unit when it is conformal with the surface of a cylinder. The analysis and simulation result were provided and can be as a technical reference for the practical engineering application.


Leonard Nelson who died in 1927 at the age of 45 years is, I believe, one of the most important German philosophers of our time. Although this has been recognized only by few of his countrymen, their number includes such thinkers as David Hilbert and disciples who have themselves made significant contributions to philosophy. Among these one must mention in particular Professor Julius Kraft who has written the Introduction to the present volume and whose Introduction to a selection of Nelson's essays is reprinted as an appendix to it. The remarkable fact that Professor Paton in a sympathetic foreword commends Nelson's work to the English-speaking philosophical public makes it reasonable to hope that attention will be given to it in this country and in America, where contemporary German philosophy is often identified with the writings of philosophers of a very different kind.


In France, Germany, and Spain, state-strengthening reform of national health policies in the past two decades have been enacted at a time when economic globalization and neo-liberal ideology were combining to encourage the retreat of the state from other areas of economic management and social policy. This article suggests two elements of explanation for that seeming contradiction. The first of these is an increasing reliance on regulatory instruments that allow increased state influence in a context of budgetary rigor. In addition, we find in all three cases that the competition among programmatic for legitimate authority over policy decisions worked to enhance the autonomy of sectoral decision-makers.


The main bridge of Fumin Bridge in Shenyang is a prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge with span arrangement (89 +242 +89) m, and with double kinked pylons and single cable plane. On the main span and two side spans of the main bridge, there is each one closure segment, 2 m in length, and along with the closing of the spans, the Bridge has completed two time of structural system transformation. In this paper, the analytic calculations, structural design and sequences for the closure construction are described in details.


The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for driving a load comprising: a first and a second supply potential terminal (K1, K2) for applying a first and second supply potential (V +, GND) and a load terminal (OUT) for connecting the load (L), a transistor device (M) of a first conductivity type having a load path (DS) and a control terminal (G), whose load path between the first supply potential terminal (K1) and the load terminal (OUT), a freewheel element as a diode transistor of a second conductivity type is formed, and between the load terminal (OUT) and the second supply potential terminal (K2) is connected, said transistor device (M) and the freewheeling element (T2) are integrated in a common semiconductor body (100) are.


The invention provides a surface treatment method for an alloy material. The method comprises the step of electrophoretic painting of the alloy material, and is characterized in that the method also comprises the step of anodization of the alloy material before the electrophoretic painting. The corrosion resistance and the adhesion force of a film formed on the surface of the alloy material which is treated by the surface treatment method and coated by paint are good.


Adenomas are common benign tumors of the kidney, occurring as single or multiple yellowish-grey nodules within the renal cortex immediately below the renal capsule. Reports of their incidence at necropsy vary from 0.08 per cent to 3.0 per cent (1, 2). In most instances they are small and incidental findings. The tumors of larger size cause a localized bulge of the renal surface and may also project into the parenchyma to distort the collecting system. Adenomas grow slowly, causing atrophy of the adjacent renal parenchyma which is replaced by connective tissue. This forms a well defined, fairly thick capsule completely surrounding the tumor. Numerous thin-walled venous channels and occasional remnants of renal tissue are encountered within the capsule (Fig. 1). Only a portion of the tumor circumference remains in contiguity with kidney parenchyma; the greater part of the tumor projects into the surrounding perirenal tissues (Fig. 2). Histologically, adenomas are divided into papillary, tubular, and alveola...


The article discusses the features of dynamic and static categories of mood of the verbs "knowledge" in the Tajik and Russian languages. The author of the article elicits their similarities and differences. The article states that there are three types of mood in the Russian Language and there are four types of mood in the Tajik Language. In addition to the indicative, imperative and subjunctive mood the article also studies conjectural mood of the verb, which does not exist in the Russian language. The article deals with the differences between these types of mood. The author speaks on the linguistics nature of the mood in the Tajik and Russian languages. The author states that temporal category of the verb of the Tajik and Russian languages do not coincide by the form or by the number. The author also speaks on peculiarities of the form of conjectural mood of the verbs and the ways of their expression.


The objective of this research is to know the student's motivated in learning reading comprehension. This research employed descriptive quantitative. The population of this research was the third semester of English Study Program in STAIN Watampone. This research used cluster random sampling. The sample of this research was 25 students. The data were collected by questionnaire. The result of the data showed that the students' motivation in learning reading comprehension is 87.14 and it is categorized as strongly motivated. Therefore, it can be stated that motivation is one of the most essential factors that has a direct impact on the enhancing of reading comprehension, but the teachers need to know that the students are motivated differently.


This paper looks briefly at the pattern of hard copy publication of a number of ! international organisations and considers the extent of library holdings of items from these bodies, both in this country and, to a much more limited extent, in the United States. It then lookstat their websites and considers the extent to which the same information is available in both formats. Finally, questions are asked about the value of these websites both for users in Africa and elsewhere and there is also some discussion about the problems which they raise for librarians.Any mention of the term 'international organisation' leads most people to think immediately of the United Nations. But this paper is not about the output of the central bodies of the UN, although there is plenty of material of interest to Africanists coming out of bodies such as the General Assembly, the Security Council and UNESCO, based as they are in New York, Geneva or Paris.


The"Great Leap"and people's commune are over-heated movements started by the Central Committee of the CPC in the 1950s.The"Great Leap"is a blind development with impractical index in economy,and people's commune is a blind advance with the reform of productive relationship and social system whose contents are the establishment of people's commune and public distribution in the countryside.The two movements disturb the normal economic order,waste human and material resources,and imbalance of economic proportion,thus bringing serious influences on the people's life.This year is the 50th anniversary of the two movements,and we must remember their lessons.Hebei Academic Journal organizes this discussion.Those at present discuss about Chairman Mao's attitude towards impractical production,the way of distribution in people's commune,the target of"Great Leap"and so on to promote a further exploration of the two movements.


PREMISE OF THE STUDY
Theory and empirical studies have shown that, on average, belowground biomass (M(B)) scales one-to-one (isometrically) with aboveground biomass (M(A)) within and across plant species both at the individual and population level, i.e., M(B) ∝ M(A)(α=1), where α is the scaling exponent. However, little is known about how domestication affects this relationship.

METHODS
To examine the effects of domestication, we investigated the root vs. shoot biomass relationship during the first 30 d of growth of four wheat genotypes: two older genotypes, MO4 (T. monococcum, a diploid) and DM31 (T. dicoccum, a tetraploid) and two more recent genotypes, DX24 and L8275 (T. aestivum, both hexaploids).

RESULTS
Biomass allocation to roots scaled more or less isometrically with respect to shoot biomass allocation during the first 30 d of growth for both of the older genotypes, whereas shoot biomass allocation exceeded root allocation for the two more recent genotypes. This difference was attributable to the first 15 d of growth. Although root biomass allocation exceeded shoot biomass allocation during the first 15 d of growth for the two older genotypes, shoot biomass exceeded root biomass allocation during this critical phase of development for the two more recent genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on a very limited sample of wheat genotypes, these results indicate that domestication has resulted in an increased biomass allocation to shoots compared to root biomass allocation. This shift possibly reflects artificial selection under agricultural conditions (for which water and nutrients are not limiting) favoring higher crop yields.


It seems appropriate on this occasion to honor both Gary Becker and James Coleman by conveying a little of the flavor of the interdisciplinary workshop they jointly ran at the University of Chicago on Rational Choice Models in the Social Sciences. This seminar has been remarkable and unique. It gained a following in many quarters all over the world, but perhaps is not so well known in the general economics community as it might be. I've encountered many people who have expressed great pride in the fact that they presented a paper before that group and survived to tell the tale. The coverage of fields was immense - psychology, biology, genetics, game theory, anthropology, law and political theory, public choice, economic history and, from time to time, sociology and economics. The speakers came from all over the country, not infrequently including visitors from abroad, and were carefully selected by Gary or Jim. Surely there hasn't been a social science seminar of this range and scope in a research university in my professional lifetime, and it has been a great privilege for me to participate in it. The fact is that there are scarcely any people left these days who could pull off such an endeavor, and now that Jim is gone, there has been a 50% drop-off in that talent pool since last year. Progress in any intellectual discipline invariably circles in on itself. Specialized languages get developed and the people who learn to speak them discuss a common set of problems. They tend to look at them from a similar point of view and share many untested, if not untestable beliefs. Much is gained in this. In spite of its solitary and competitive aspects, scholarly activity is in the end a cooperative activity and these commonalities - one is tempted to say "norms" on this particular occasion - allow participants in the community to communicate and trade ideas more efficiently. On the other side, it marks off some fairly arbitrary boundary lines and establishes certain intellectual property rights that make communication between groups difficult, if not downright hostile and counterproductive. Perhaps this is why most of us largely ignore other fields. It also helps, when you cannot solve certain aspects of a problem, to take solace in the fact that it really lies in the domain of another field. These natural intellectual barriers built from specialization is what made the interdisciplinary "Becker/Coleman workshop," as most called it, so unusual. I think the reason it has been so successful is in focusing on a specific language - rational models have much in common wherever they are applied. Along the way, participants were exposed to a fair bit of substantive field knowledge. Of course having already read the relevant literature was helpful. It just wasn't necessary. Participants could engage meaningfully in the give and take of the seminar if they either knew or were willing to learn some of the language of rational choice. Regular attendance among the social scientists at the university was concentrated on a small, unrepresentative sample for that reason, but it cut across most of the social science disciplines and the professional schools. James Coleman, who somehow managed to do many lifetimes' worth of work in only one, took a serious intellectual interest in economics fairly late in his game. He came into closer contact with economists as they became increasingly attracted to his work, Becker no doubt being the most influential. And as sociology fell on hard times and many people lost the faith, he started casting around for a better anchor for his thinking, coming to feel that the style of economics was the best that could be done under the circumstances. Jim's flexibility about methods and ideology made it possible for him to acquire much of the economist's outlook. While by no means fanatical, he came to be a staunch defender of the view that it was generally fruitful for social science to maintain that people behave rationally. …


Two competing hypotheses explaining gender bias in cardiac care were tested. The first posits that women's coronary heart disease (CHD) symptoms are simply misinterpreted or discounted. The second posits that women's CHD symptoms are misinterpreted when presented in the context of stress. In two studies, medical students and residents randomized to 2 (male vs. female) ϫ 2 (stress vs. nostress) experiments read vignettes of patients with CHD symptoms and indicated their diagnosis, treatment, and symptom origin interpretation. Both studies disconfirmed the first hypothesis and strongly supported the second. Only when stress was added did women receive significantly lower CHD diagnoses and cardiologist referrals than men and did the origin interpretation of women's CHD symptoms (e.g., chest pain) shift from organic to psychogenic. Neither participants' gender nor their attitude toward women influenced assessments. In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) claims almost as many lives each year as the next five leading causes of death combined. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of CVD, and it is the single largest cause of death for men and women. In women, the onset of CHD lags behind men by approximately 10 years, and CHD rates in women after menopause are 2–3 times those of women before menopause. Despite this seeming advantage, every year since 1984 CVD has claimed the lives of more women than men. Moreover, although men's CVD mortality rates have declined steadily since 1979, women's mortality rates have increased, with a dramatic widening of the gap between men and women since 1989 (American Heart Association , 2002). A greater emphasis on the prevention of risk factors, as well as the development of refined diagnostic techniques and improved medical and surgical treatments, has certainly contributed to the mortality decline in men. But, for reasons that are not clear, women receive less aggressive diagnosis and treatment of heart disease than men. The strongest evidence of a gender bias appears to be in the use of diagnostic testing and referral for cardiac care (e. Once a patient suffers a myocardial infarction (MI) or once a diagnosis of CHD is validated with diagnostic testing, most studies (e. have found no significant gender differences in the treatment of heart disease. One challenge therefore is to understand and reduce factors that delay health care providers' identification and diagnosis of wom-en's heart disease symptoms. Despite the many studies that have reported a gender bias in …


This paper probes into the ideas of innovating book management work in hospital, expounds the real effect of establishing the patient reading room, and discusses the sustainable development of hospital library and the new requirements of the new situation for the liberians.


This essay is about a plan for the treatment of Friedrich Nietzsche by Josef Breuer in the spring of 1878. The plan was developed by Siegfried Lipiner, a philosphy student from Galicia and an admirer of Nietzsche, who was acquainted with Breuer as well as with Freud. Lipiner was convinced that Nietzsche could be treated by the Viennese specialists and tried his best to arrange this. However all his endeavors were frustrated by the opposition of Nietzsche's advisors in Basel, as well as his docters, and ultimately of Nietzsche himself who preferred the cold-water therapy in Baden-Baden.


While the world is not on track to reach the Education for All (EFA) goals aid to the education sector has been reduced. In a context of limited resources in which maximising student learning is a challenge, strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems is necessary, in order to make use of evidence and demonstrate results. This article argues in favour of an incremental approach to strengthening M&E systems that starts from what exists locally. In doing this, an essential first step is a diagnosis of the existing M&E system or arrangements that moves beyond technicalities and also focuses on the underlying institutional issues and the role of different stakeholders with different M&E needs. This article presents the findings from such a diagnostic exercise of Uganda's education sector M&E system. Our findings show that key elements of Uganda´s education sector M&E are already in place, though a number of challenges and weaknesses remain.


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