as a critical value of a company's leadership philosophy and practised through a code of well expounded regulations by the organization's leadership, it may create a system-wide dedication which is important, special and appealing to the sight of workers and clients Cropanzano, Bowen and Gilliland (2007). Organizational justice denotes the workers conviction on workplace processes, interaction and outcomes to be impartial and correct, Baldwin (2006). Abstract: It had been observed that a number of Administration Police officers that had been subjected to disciplinary proceedings had appealed in court the outcomes of the disciplinary process citing procedural unfairness that resulted to unjust outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the nexus between disciplinary procedures and justice in the Administration Police Service. The study was conducted in Nairobi City County, Kenya and was anchored on theory of justice by John Rawls. A mixed research design of cross-sectional survey design and exploratory research design were employed on a target population of 679.The sample size was calculated using Yamane sampling formula generating a sample size of 251 officers that were requested to fill the questionnaires. This was followed by multi-stage sampling that included stratified random sampling at the sub county level to get the actual participants in the study for each stratum. Purposive sampling was used to get 8 key informants two groups of 6-8 police officers totaling to 14 police officers that had been subjected to disciplinary proceedings to participate in focus group discussion. The study established that majority of presiding officers were not independent in making ruling and are not experience in application of their discretionary power in orderly room proceedings. The study determined that there was need for change on disciplinary procedures in APS and recommended that presiding officers be trained and retrained on disciplinary process. The findings of the study indicated that there was divided opinion on whether or not the disciplinary procedures in the Administration police service required change in order to enhance justice to an accused police officer in ORP. Whereas majority of key informant preferred the disciplinary procedures to remain in their current state, majority of other respondents in FGD and response from questionnaires proposed change in disciplinary procedures.


Objective:To explore the authentication characteristics of Lignum Naucleae and its adulterant—lignum of Picrasma quassioides(D.Don) Benn.,to improve and refine the authentication characteristics of Lignum Naucleae.Method:Base on the literatures related and collected samples,the differences between Lignum Naucleae and its adulterant were studied by comparing the descriptions and microscopical characters of cross section,radial section or tangential section.Result:The differences between the two species were obvious in macroscopical and microscopical characteristics.Conclusion: Lignum Naucleae and its adulterant-lignum of Picrasma quassioides(D.Don) Benn.can be identified by the differences of descriptions and microscopical characteristics.


This article describeed the new situation of supply and demand of polystyrene in China in 2004, analyseed the reasons and made some predication to the polystyrene of our country in the fourth quarter in 2004 and 2005.


An improved cellular automaton has been used to calculate the kinematics of non- cohesive granular materials during confined flow in mass and funnel flow model silos. In this model, based on a gas model of hydrodynamics, collisions and dissipation of particles were taken into account during granular flow. The model allowed for investigations of dilatant zones in granular material during silo flow.


where Pi ∈ C([t0,∞),R), Qi ∈ C([t0,∞), [0,∞)), i = 1, 2. τi > 0 and σi ≥ 0, i = 1, 2. f ∈ C([t0,∞),R) and gi ∈ C(R,R). We assume that gi, i = 1, 2 satisfy the local Lipschitz condition and xgi(x) > 0, i = 1, 2, for x 6= 0. The problem of oscillation of solutions of neutral functional differential equations is of both theoretical and practical interest. Recently, there has been an interest in establishing the oscillatory and the non-oscillatory behavior of first, second, third and higher order neutral functional differential equations. In 2002, Zhou and Zhang [31] extended the results of Kulenović and Hadžiomerspahić in [18] to a higher order linear neutral delay differential equation of the form


As global warming has caused the number of abnormal changes in climate to increase throughout the world, much damage has occurred recently in Korean Peninsula which results from unexpected heavy rains and floods from typhoons to the changes in soil moisture and water tends to increase gradually. Water resources are limited in rural areas with limited water resources in order to maintain efficient system of using GIS is necessary to prepare a water supply system. In this study, as part of an efficient water supply, Distributed in rural areas and small reservoirs, such as targeted aerial photography and LiDAR data is to use multi-dimensional geospatial data. The purpose of this study is to offer development of reservoir water management system for the sustainable stream maintatenance and prevention streamflow depletion of small stream.


ABSTRACT The Council of State imposed itself late in Belgium following the observation of the poor quality of legislative texts. Today, the Council of State must take into account the complexity of the Belgian institutional landscape in its response to the request of consulting authorities, which extends to the drafting of all normative texts. The rest of this article focuses on the nature and scope of referral to the legislative section of the Council of State, on the acceleration of political time that puts the Belgian Council of State under pressure, and on the coping strategy developed by the Council of State to overcome deadline management and workload.


The stars omega Ori (B2 IIIe), 66 Oph (B2 IVe), and 59 Cyg (B1.5 IVe) are discussed. The extent to which the narrow absorption components in these Be stars differs from narrow components in the O stars and gamma Cas is explored. Any models or mechanisms for the formation of narrow absorption features in the UV resonance lines of Be star spectra must account for the presence of multiple narrow absorption features which are variable in number, radial velocity, and strength. Models predicting a high and low density structure to the stellar wind caused by instabilities in a flow driven by radiation pressure or by variable mass loss may be more successful in describing the behavior of winds in early Be stars. These models appear to be capable of producing single absorption components in the velocity range observed for O stars and very early Be stars.


We present the design and fail-safety analysis of a sparsely synchronized N-modular redundant architecture for fail-safe computing that can be built on unreliable commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Though the main intended audience is railway operators, the architecture is expected to be useful for general fail-safe computations. Traditional bus-synchronized fail-safe processors have had difficulty catching up with the performance and cost improvements of COTS processors because frequent involvement of the voter needed specialized design that slowed down computations. The proposed architecture alleviates this problem by comparing data much less frequently, only when the data leaves the fail-safe processor altogether. This allows the voter to be vastly simplified, becoming easy to harden against errors. We show empirically the use of COTS hardware barely affects the reliability of the overall architecture, making it as reliable as the simple voting circuitry, with acceptable runtime overhead.


In recent years the Smartphone has undergone significant technological advancements but still remains a low computational entity. Mobile Cloud Computing addresses this problem and provides a solution in form of Mobile Computation Offloading (MCO). Computation offloading is a concept in which certain parts (tasks) of an application are executed on cloud whereas the rest of them on the mobile device itself. MCO turns out to be a great help with respect to resource constrained mobile derives as it allows resource intensive tasks to be executed remotely. Though such procedures save mobile resources but incur communication cost between the mobile device and cloud. Thus, it becomes extremely essential for offloading models to take steps (offloading decisions) in order to augment the capabilities of mobile devices along with reduced execution and communication costs. In this paper, we present an application offloading model which offloads an application based upon the nature and execution pattern of its tasks. We also propose an algorithm that depicts the work flow of our computation model. The proposed model is simulated using the CloudSim simulator. To this end, we illustrate the working of our proposed system along with the simulated results.


Phonon softenings and the charge density wave instability in R2O2Sb (R = rare-earth element) Heejung Kim,1 Chang-Jong Kang,1 Kyoo Kim,1,2 J. H. Shim,1,3,* and B. I. Min1,† 1Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea 2c-CCMR, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea 3Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea (Received 13 January 2015; revised manuscript received 31 March 2015; published 24 April 2015)


Underwater channels are considered challenging media in communication due to the harsh nature of such environments. However, dynamic transmission can assist in finding sub-optimal solutions by adaptively changing the employed techniques, e.g. the forwarding scheme between nodes and the transmitted signal intensity control, to compromise for the instantaneous fluctuations in various underwater environments. Additionally, Machine Learning (ML) techniques can provide appropriate solutions for various problems e.g. routing, resource allocation, and energy-efficiency to further enhance the quality of the communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamical transmission framework for multi-hop Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) and underwater networks to fit for various conditions. The proposed framework employs a heuristic forwarding scheme selection approach beside an adaptive transmission signal intensity method. We also propose a decision-tree based ML-model that adaptively learns the proper forwarding method beside the appropriate amount of the transmitted signal intensity for each relay node to minimize the transmission error rate and the power consumption depending on numerous parameters e.g. node location, link reliability and certain water quality metrics such as water temperature, depth, and pH measurements. The model achieves remarkable accuracy for training and testing patterns beyond the 99%.


Parallel current mode control algorithm for DC-DC converters is introduced in this paper. This control strategy is composed of two parallel terms: voltage term and current term which is calculated based on the input voltage, inductor current and output voltage. The new duty cycle algorithm requires only one multiplication, one division and three additions in digital implementation. The simulation results demonstrate that parallel current mode control has superior steady-state response over the conventional current mode control, and maintains a good dynamic response. A 400-kHz switching frequency Buck converter based on FPGA implementation shows that the new duty cycle control strategy is optimal for digital control.


Recovery after the Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate ligament injury Marjo Janhunen University of Jyvaskyla Faculty of sport and health sciences Department of health sciences Spring 2013 38 pages, 3 appendixes Background and purpose Purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome of surgical reconstruction of the isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and complex posterior cruciate ligament. Can patients resume their pre-injury level of activity and can they restore muscle strength after five years from operation. Study population and methods 88 patients, who have been operated at ORTON hospital, were divided to either isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) or complex PCL groups. Patients were followed up at 1, 2 and 5 years postoperatively, respectively. Outcome measures included the international knee documentation committee (IKDC), Lysholm knee, Kujala patellofemoral scores and muscle dynamometry evaluating peak torque for knee flexion and extension. Results At the final five years follow up 75% of the PCL –group and 66 % of the PCL complex-group were rated as normal or nearly normal by IKDC score (p<0.001). 67,5 % of the PCL –group and 67 % of the PCL complex -group were able to return to moderate or strenuous activity level (p<0.001). The isokinetic muscle tests showed significant losses of knee extension strength at 60o/s with both groups (p=0.005). There were no significant differences between groups. Conclusion There were no significant differences in clinical outcome between the groups by the IKDC, Lysholm knee and Kujala patellofemoral scores or isokinetic muscle tests. However it seems that patients still have functional disability for daily life activities and weaker quadriceps muscle strength in the injured extremity compared with the uninjured extremity five after operation.


Objective To evaluate the operation using internal fixation with titanic micro-plates along the original wound in stage-I to cure the opening orbital fractures and its the clinical effect.Methods Except for severe trauma of orbitocranium,examination were performed on the 21 opening orbital fractures patients at first by using the orbital helical CT scan,and used 3D CT to reconstruct the orbital and periorbital images to make clear the place of fracture.The surgery operated on the principle of fully exposing the fracture lines with the wound expanding or not.The titanic micro-plates would be interal fixation inside in the operation.Results While performing the debridement,21 cases were treated with interal fixation with titanic micro-plates along with original wound in stage-I,one of whose inferior wall of orbit was implanted hydroxyapatite block.Conclusions 1.The interal fixation with titanicmicro-plates in orbital fractures which is simple and reliable,is an ideal method to cure the orbital fractures.2.It is feasible and economical to perform the operation through the original wound in stage-I of opening orbital fractures.


【Abstract】The chicken swarm optimization algorithm(CSO) has the problems of the slow convergence rate and easy to fall into local optimum.In this paper, an improved constrainted chicken swarm optimization algorithm(ICCSO)is proposed toimprove the evolutionary mechanisms of the basicchicken swarm optimization, and the convergence rate and global search ability of the algorithm are improved. The comparison of simulation experiment with other algorithms proves the rationality and validity of the proposed optimization algorithm.Then using the maximum variance between classes in otsu algorithm on the improved constrained chicken swarm optimization algorithm as a fitness function, which is optimized to get the best threshold value for image segmentation, and compared with other image segmentation algorithm has the better use of the computing rate and convergence rate. 【Key words】Chicken Swarm Optimization;evolutionary mechanism; constraint function; otsu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 02-05-2018 Date of acceptance: 17-05-2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


ALBANY, Aug. 19 — Swift Congressional action is needed if New York State police and firemen are to obtain tlie benefits of Social Security coverage, John F. Powers, president of the Civil Service Eployees Associaticn, warned this week. The U. S. Senate Finance Committee has taken an Important step toward accomplishing such coverage by amending a House Social Security bili extending Social Security to police and firemen. This gives promise of Congres•lonal action on the subject this year but the time left for such action is growing short. Mr. Powers pointed out that faiiure by Congress to act on the measure this term would deny Social Security to the two groups on the much-needed retroactive basis as provided by the New York State Legislature in its last session. The Civil Service Employees Association, together with the Police Conference of Police Organizations in New York State and the New York State Fire Fighters Association, tiave urged the Senators and Congressmen irom the State of New York to extend the Social Security benefits to these uniformed service.-. The Employees Association also has written to Governor Harrlman asking his support in getting the measure through. Other state officials have addressed similar petitions to the Congressional representatives and leaders.


We present the development and first experience of a new component (termed WorkQueue) in the CMS workload management system. This component provides a link between a global request system (Request Manager) and agents (WMAgents) which process requests at compute and storage resources (known as sites). These requests typically consist of creation or processing of a data sample (possibly terabytes in size). Unlike the standard concept of a task queue, the WorkQueue does not contain fully resolved work units (known typically as jobs in HEP). This would require the WorkQueue to run computationally heavy algorithms that are better suited to run in the WMAgents. Instead the request specifies an algorithm that the WorkQueue uses to split the request into reasonable size chunks (known as elements). An advantage of performing lazy evaluation of an element is that expanding datasets can be accommodated by having job details resolved as late as possible. The WorkQueue architecture consists of a global WorkQueue which obtains requests from the request system, expands them and forms an element ordering based on the request priority. Each WMAgent contains a local WorkQueue which buffers work close to the agent, this overcomes temporary unavailability of the global WorkQueue and reduces latency for an agent to begin processing. Elements are pulled from the global WorkQueue to the local WorkQueue and into the WMAgent based on the estimate of the amount of work within the element and the resources available to the agent. WorkQueue is based on CouchDB, a document oriented NoSQL database. The WorkQueue uses the features of CouchDB (map/reduce views and bi-directional replication between distributed instances) to provide a scalable distributed system for managing large queues of work. The project described here represents an improvement over the old approach to workload management in CMS which involved individual operators feeding requests into agents. This new approach allows for a system where individual WMAgents are transient and can be added or removed from the system as needed.


Growing up as she did in a contact zone, Sarah Winnemucca occupied social and geographical places that would come deeply to inform her rhetorical advocacy "for the far-off plains of the West" and for the Northern Paiute tribes (Life 207).1 While a rich body of scholarship lays out the influence of Winnemucca's social place on her discursive strategies, the influence of Winnemucca's physical place on her rhetorical practices has been consistently overlooked.' Yet, as this essay seeks to demonstrate, physical places and the discourses that shape them are critical to Winnemucca's rhetorical choices and to the ultimate success of her rhetoric. Born on the western fringes of US territory just prior to Anglo--American settlement in the region. Winnemucca found herself in the midst of nationalist anxieties about expansion. As Carolyn Sorisio argues, the imperialist mandate of Manifest Destiny defined and refined notions of nationhood, threatening a stable domestic identity even as it sought to expand the nation's domestic reach. Native Americans found themselves caught up in the riptides of both colonialism and imperialism: their representations by and to Anglo--Americans depended on their locations. Those Native Americans who were located firmly within US borders were represented as subjects for colonialism's project to assimilate and domesticate. Those along the frontier (like Winnemucca) were viewed as foreign and therefore subject to imperialist conquest (36-41). Sorisio explains, "Spatially, Winnemucca witnessed a shift from the Northern Paiute's territory conceptualized as outside the US to being incorporated within it, from imperialism to colonialism" (37). This shift from foreign to domestic (ated) body became part of the context Winnemucca negotiated in every rhetorical performance. Within this broader context, Winnemucca also navigated the specific expectations of the sites where she performed: lecture halls, reservation lands, military forts. In each place, she sought to create a space for persuasion, one that allowed her personal and tribal concerns to be heard by her Anglo--American audience. While most scholars focus on Winnemucca's public lectures and her 1883 autobiography, I focus here on some of her lesser-known rhetorical performances: the disciplinary spaces of the reservation and the military fort. (3) By disciplinary space, here I mean any site that aims at Foucauldian discipline as explained in Discipline and Punish. Discipline is a mechanism that "makes [the body] more obedient as it becomes more useful" (138). Disciplinary spaces are particularly useful for analyzing spatial rhetorics, as discipline relies on the "distribution of individuals in space This occurs through enclosure, "the specification of a place heterogeneous to all others and closed in upon itself" (141); partitioning, the specification of a place for each individual (143); and rank, "the place one occupies in a classification" (145). For each space, I explore how that site both constrains and enables Winnemucca's rhetorical choices. I begin with a site analysis of each place, in terms of its physical layout (where known and applicable) and its framing ideology and spatial function. I then analyze the ways that Winnemucca negotiates these spatial parameters in her rhetoric. Finally, I assess how her strategies in each space represent a search for shared rhetorical space--physical or cultural ground that provides the basis for identification with her audience--that would enable her to make a persuasive argument on behalf of herself and the Northern Paiutes.(4) DEFINING SPACE AND PLACE Most spatial theorists distinguish between space as an abstract or relational term and place as a concrete site (McDowell 32). Like other critical social factors, such as race, class, and gender, spaces and places are socially constructed and constructing. Cultural factors shape the ways that we interpret particular places and landscapes, and these places and landscapes in turn influence the social behaviors of the individuals situated within them. …


The present invention relates to a clamping apparatus of a half nut for an injection molding machine. The clamping apparatus of a half nut for an injection molding machine is capable of simultaneously clamping left and right half nuts by a simple structure and has a strong clamping force with a tie bar. The clamping apparatus of a half nut for an injection molding machine comprises a connection bar, a first support member coupled to one end of the connection bar; and a second support member coupled to the other end of the connection bar.


In our paper "Fate of the uterus in 46XX cloacal exstrophy patients", we suggested that internal genitalia should be retained in these patients even though the only patient in our series who had conceived had miscarried at 11 weeks of pregnancy [1]. Wewish to inform the readers that the same patient delivered a 4 lb 2 oz baby boy by elective caesarian section at 34 weeks gestation in February 2014. The infant is healthy and is meeting all his developmental milestones. On the other hand, the patient had a stormy pregnancy during which she had a bowel obstruction, renal infection, prolapsed vagina that required pessaries for correction, and preeclampsia. In spite of all her tribulations, she has no regrets about having gone through the pregnancy.


Therapeutic tumor neoantigen vaccines have been widely studied given their good safety profile and ability to avoid central thymic tolerance. However, targeting antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and inducing robust neoantigen‐specific cellular immunity remain challenges. Here, a safe and broad‐spectrum neoantigen vaccine delivery system is proposed (GP‐Neoantigen) based on β‐1,3‐glucan particles (GPs) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and coupling peptide antigens with GPs through convenient click chemistry. The prepared system has a highly uniform particle size and high APC targeting specificity. In mice, the vaccine system induced a robust specific CD8+ T cell immune response and humoral immune response against various conjugated peptide antigens and showed strong tumor growth inhibitory activity in EG7·OVA lymphoma, B16F10 melanoma, 4T1 breast cancer, and CT26 colon cancer models. The combination of the toll‐like receptors (TLRs) agonist PolyI:C and CpG 2395 further enhanced the antitumor response of the particle system, achieving complete tumor clearance in multiple mouse models and inducing long‐term rejection of reinoculated tumors. These results provide the broad possibility for its further clinical promotion and personalized vaccine treatment.


The analogs of Brewster's angles for surface acoustic waves (SAW) were discovered by one of the authors (S.V.B.) thirty years ago. Considering the reflection of classical Rayleigh wave in the isotropic half-space at oblique incidence by long topographic irregularities of small thickness like projections and grooves it was found by perturbation method that the reflection coefficient is equal to zero for some angle of incidence. With Poisson's ratio changing from 0 to 0.5 the angle changes within a narrow range from 25.91 0 to 28.53 0 independently from the shape of irregularities. The problem was never treated more accurately then by the first order perturbation method on a small parameter as the thickness/wavelength ratio. In this work, the impedance method is used for a correct investigation of the problem in the case of periodic strips. A strong dependence of the angle value on a small parameter, if the last is more than 0.03, is observed. Moreover, a second such angle appears and both angles become closer and disappear for thick projections. The practically important cases of the aluminum strips on piezoelectric STX- quartz and of 128 0 YX-LiNbO3 crystals are also considered.


Nurse educators have implemented a variety of teaching/learning interventions in an effort to maintain or improve student success and NCLEX pass rates. An integrative review of literature from 2004 through 2010 was conducted to investigate the specific strategies used and their outcome effectiveness. Five major databases were queried using the search terms of test taking, preparation, remediation, success, review course, HESI, Pearson, Kaplan, ATI, Hurst and NCLEX. Of the resultant 40 articles, 14 met the inclusion criteria and provided measurable outcomes. All studies implemented multiple strategies at a single institution; 7 included standardized testing and 7 used review courses as one of the multiple intervenetions. When standardized testing was a strategy included with individual and curricular changes, NCLEX passage improvement was found for 6 schools. Review courses coupled with individual and cohort interventions improved success in 5 of 7 schools. This review discusses commonalities and differences of a combination of teaching/learning interventions that improved NCLEX success.


The invention relates to a cutting system laser. In this system 10 for cutting a sheet-like material unwound from a roll 17 travels on a sloping surface 16, and having a laser beam cutting device, the support is formed by a plurality of strips 50 parallel to each other in a plane so as to define a support surface, being spaced to define a plurality of elongated slots 59, which pass of the laser beams, there is provided a transport mechanism for sliding the sheet in the longitudinal direction of said strips to position different sections of material view of its cutting support surface. Application including cutting pieces of clothing. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


A working hypothesis is under investigation that states that mental diseases such as schizophrenia may be the result of an error in the metabolism of serotonin in the brain. This hypothesis was first advanced by Woolley and Shaw early in 1954.1,2 The evidence that led them to formulate it was their finding3-5 that a variety of chemical compounds that called forth in normal human beings mental changes resembling those of schizophrenia actually were antimetabolites of serotonin. These chemicals included 2-methyl-3-ethyI-S-nitroindole, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), harmine, and yohimbine (see FIGURE 1). These diverse drugs had three properties in common: (a) a structural analogy to serotonin, (b) an ability to interfere in the biological functioning of serotonin, and (c) the ability to bring about mental changes in normals that were similar to those found in schizophrenia. It was suggested that the induction of the mental changes was the result of a disturbance in the functioning of serotonin in the brain and that, consequently, the psychiatric disturbance of schizophrenics might be the result of some error in the metabolism of this hormone in the brain. The error was pictured as arising not from any poisonous compound, but merely from an enzymic failure to produce and use serotonin normally, just as diabetes mellitus arises from an error in the production and use of insulin. Support to this hypothesis was given when the two widely used tranquillizing drugs, namely reserpine and chlorpromazine, were shown to interfere in the functioning of serotonin. I n the year following the work of Woolley and Shaw it was demonstrated6 that reserpine displaced serotonin from tissues that contain it. Furthermore, when the chemical structure of reserpine was discovered, it was seen to be a relative of serotonin and of yohimbine (see FIGURE 2 ) . Since it was an analogue of serotonin, and displaced this hormone from its positions in tissueq, it was behaving as an antimetabolite of serotonin would be expected to behave. Chlorpromazine was soon thereafter found to be a potent blocking agent to the action of serotonin on smooth muscles. I t is not an antimetabolite of serotonin, and does not displace this hormone from tissues, but it does in some way interfere with the action of the hormone on tissues. As new information became available the original postulate about serotonin in mental diseases required modification. Some analogues of it such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), harmine, bufotenine, and psilocybine (see FIGURE 3) caused excitement, whereas others (for example, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-S-nitroindole and reserpine) caused depression. The ones that caused hallucinations and other forms of excitement were found to act like serotonin on suitable test systems: but the ones that caused depression failed to show this. They acted primarily as antagonists to the action of serotonin. These findings gave rise to the idea that an excess of cerebral serotonin might be one cause of excitement


In his solution to the problem of sensible knowledge, Leibniz seeks to avoid the extreme positions held by the Cartesians and Hobbes. The conceptual distinctions that Leibniz introduces allow him to overcome difficulties raised by his own earlier definitions of sensus. He is consequently able to reconcile the continuity he introduces between animal and human perceptions with the normative and, at the same time, propositional aspects of perceptual judgments. In this paper I will begin by describing his late conception of both human and animal perception, and I will compare this notion with his early notion of perception and the difficulties it gave rise to; finally, I will show the advantages that his new conception can offer for solving the epistemic problem of perception. La solution leibnizienne au probleme de la connaissance sensible cherche a eviter les positions extremes que les cartesiens et Hobbes ont proposees. Les distinctions conceptuelles que Leibniz introduit lui permettent de surmonter des difficultes suscitees par ses premieres definitions du sensus, et, en consequence, de concilier les continuites entre les perceptions animale et humaine avec les conditions normatives et, pourtant, propositionnelles du jugement perceptuel. Dans cette etude, je commencerai par la description de cette conception tardive de la perception tant humaine qu'animale, et comparerai cette notion avec la premiere notion de la perception et les difficultes qu'elle suscite ; finalement, je presenterai les avantages que la nouvelle conception peut offrir pour le probleme epistemique de la perception.


Methane plays a central role in gas layers of temperatures up to around 3000 K in a number of astrophysical objects ranging from giant planets to brown dwarfs, over proto-solar nebulae, to several classes of cool stars. In order to model and analyse these objects correctly, an accurate and complete list of spectral lines at high temperature is demanded. Predicting high temperature spectra implies, however, predicting hot bands and thus modelling highly excited vibrational states. This is a real challenge in the case of methane. We report the preliminary results of a theoretical study combining the global effective Hamiltonian approach and its computational implementation (STDS package: http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/LPUB/shTDS.html) with semi-quantitative statistical considerations.


The U.S. Department of Defense is pursuing a transformation which seeks to improve mission effectiveness through greatly improved information sharing. The nature of this transformation, the large size of the DoD, and the presence of allied and coalition partners all result in an enterprise with information management needs that cannot be completely satisfied either through top-down direction or by a bottom-up market approach. The difficulties faced by this enterprise may be common to others in which a common purpose requires coordination, but in which the large scale or absence of a sovereign preclude the possibility of effective centralized control. In this paper we discuss this situation and describe the essential architecture of an IM process that fits


One of the main goals in neuroscience is to demonstrate how observable animal behaviors can be predicted from complex neurological processes. It is commonly understood that genetic factors influence human behavior, but how can a scientist explain how these genes interact with countless environmental stimuli to produce behavior? The complexity of the human brain would make it impossible to determine how each structure influences behavior, so attention was brought to simpler model organisms first. Model organisms typically express some complex neural structures within a simpler, more easily understood brain. Drosophila melanogaster, for example, uses olfactory systems that are strikingly similar to those of humans and other mammals. Eventually mapping out the structures and functions of the insect olfactory system will enable conceptualization of conserved mechanisms underlying learned and innate behaviors. By associating various odors with food reinforcement in a classically conditioned learning paradigm we will demonstrate how the absence of these structures and/or biological processes alters behavior. Larvae mutated against expression of specific genes involved in synaptic plasticity will be tested according to the same learning paradigm as genotypic controls and wild type Drosophila larvae. Observable behavioral differences between mutant and wild type groups will be presented to elucidate the role of synaptic plasticity in adaptive behavior.


Royal palm is widely planted as an ornamental plant and becomes part of parks and open landscapes in urban areas, especially on the roadside and in an urban forest. The leaves have a large size that can potentially cause harm to people or property under or around the tree. Information regarding the falling period and the weight of palm leaves was necessary in terms of risk mitigation of tree management. The study was conducted on ten royal palm trees by observing the incidence of leaf fall every three days during the period of September 2019 to March 2020. The palm leaves comprise the leaf sheath and the petiole. The results showed that the number of royal palm leaves was about 12 leaves per tree. Royal palm at IPB Dramaga campus has a tree height of about 12 m and a diameter of 40 cm. The period of fall of palm leaves is 30 to 40 days; although it may not fall every period, it can even fall once in 6 months. The average weight of the fallen leaves is about 8.2 kg, with a moisture content of 85.2%. Information on the period and weight of royal palm leaf fall are very important as information on risk mitigation activities in plant management in the urban landscape.


The experiment of reduction roasting was carried out for tin-bearing iron concentrate(Sn: 0.26%,TFe: 65.7%).Based on the analysis of behavior of tin and iron oxides during reduction roasting,the effects of pre-oxidation,roasting temperature and roasting time,as well as reduction atmosphere(CO content in gas phase) on tin removal were investigated emphatically.The experimental results showed that the tin removal principally occurred in weak reduction roasting stage.Under the optimum conditions that the roasting temperature was 925~950 ℃,roasting time was 30 min and the volume concentration of CO in reduction medium was 40%~50%,the residual content of tin in the pellets was 0.031% and the volatilization rate of tin reached 88.88%.


. The purpose of the article is to study the mechanism of temporary restriction of property patent rights to medicines, which is called "compulsory licensing", based on the analysis of the relevant national and foreign experience. Research methods . To achieve the study's goal, the author has used general scientific and special methods of cognition; the comparative law method, which has allowed comparing the domestic and international experience of legal regulation of compulsory licensing of medicines, plays an important role in the research process. Results . The legal categories denoting the procedure for compulsory licensing of medicines in the world practice are examined. The international legal formation of the institution of restriction of patent rights by issuing compulsory licenses in general, incl. medicines, is covered. The research has analyzed the experience of introducing the legal institution of compulsory licensing of medicines in individual countries (the case of the USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, and China). The author has separately elucidated the fact that compulsory licensing of medicines received a new impetus to development in the context of the world's fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The cases of many countries which adopted specific legal regulation in the area concerned have been analyzed (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Hungary, Indonesia, and Russia). Conclusions . As a result of the study of the experience of the above countries, the author concludes that compulsory licensing of medicines is used primarily to protect the national interests of the state, in particular economic ones, as well as to ensure the protection of public health. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine, the author asserts that the institution of compulsory licensing of medicines is at the stage of initial development: today there is no proper legal regulation of this group of legal relations, which makes its functioning impossible, and the recently introduced legal institution of managed entry agreement does not have the legal nature of compulsory licensing – it does not limit the patent rights of holders to medicines. Росія). Висновки результаті проведеного дослідження досвіду ром робиться висновок, що примусове ліцензування


..................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ xiv TABLE OF FIGURES..................................................................................... xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS............................................ xvii CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 2 1.1 The Chlamydiae Phylum.............................................................................. 2 1.1.1 Chlamydiaceae............................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Clarification of Chlamydia taxonomy............................................ 4 1.1.3 Chlamydia pneumoniae.................................................................. 4 1.1.4 Chlamydia pneumoniae genomics.................................................. 5 1.1.5 Chlamydia pneumoniae pathogenesis............................................ 6 1.1.6 Challenges and limitations.............................................................. 7 1.2 The Intracellular Life Cycle of Chlamydia.................................................. 8 1.2.1 Developmental cycle...................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Chlamydial persistence................................................................... 12 1.3 Bacterial Secretory System Overview.......................................................... 13 1.3.1 Type I secretion system.................................................................. 15 1.3.2 Type II secretion system................................................................. 15


Composite diagrams of spectra and cospectra were constructed from eight cases of velocity component and temperature measurements made over the water by an acoustic anemometer. Their universal form is discussed.


Abstract
 During the 1990s, particularly with reference to the context of the conflicts in Somalia, former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda, considerable sentiment favoring humanitarian intervention grew both in just war argument and in discussion of international law. This paper examines the arguments put forward in these two frames and their implications for international behaviour and law. But in 2002–2003, when US President Bush identified the egregious abuses of human rights perpetrated by Saddam Hussein and his regime over a long history as one of the reasons for using military force to oust that regime, this humanitarian intervention argument fell flat. Does this put in question the future of the idea of humanitarian intervention after the Iraq war of 2003? This paper argues that the experience of humanitarian intervention (or non-intervention) and its results during the 1990s must be taken together with the case of Iraq in thinking about the future of humanitarian intervention, and that this future may best be imagined not in terms of new developments in international law and international order but as a continuation of past practice.


Chemical wastes containing small amounts of uranium can not be disposed of them after treatment as an industrial waste, because the uranium concentration in the final dry cake exceeds the exemption level. Especially for the removal of uranium in this study, the method for immobilizing Diphosil powder within alginate beads is adopted to make a bead form from a powdered resin. Sodium alginate bead itself showed a capability to uptake uranium to above 60%, but the value was decreased to below 30% after equilibrium. The adsorption rate of uranium increased with the increasing content of Diphosil in the sodium alginate bead. Diphosil resin itself showed very fast uptake of uranium from early stages, and then the rates were leveled off. Diphosil bead showed an improved capability to uptake uranium considering the pure Diphosil content in the composite bead, and provide a considerable potential for further applications of a continuous process by using Diphosil as a bead form.


Bolted flange joints are extensively used to connect pressure vessels and piping equipment together. They are simple structures that offer the possibility of disassembly. However, they often experience leakage problems due to a loss of tightness as a result of a nonuniform distribution of gasket contact stresses in the radial and circumferential direction. Many factors contribute to such a failure; the flange and gasket stiffness and bolt spacing design combination being one of them. In our recent paper, the effects of bolt spacing were investigated based on the theory of circular beams resting on a linear elastic foundation (Do, T. D., Bouzid, A. H., and Dao, T.-M., 2011, "Effect of Bolt Spacing on the Circumferential Distribution of Gasket Contact Stress in Bolted Flange Joints," ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 133 (4), 041205). This paper is an extension of the work in which an analytical solution based on the real nonlinear gasket behavior is developed. This study focuses on the distribution of the gasket contact stress of two large diameter flanges, namely, a 52 in. and a 120 in. heat exchanger (HE) flanges. The nonlinear gasket behavior solution is compared to the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the linear gasket behavior solution for evaluation and comparison.


Sepsis is an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response to infection that may lead to multiple organ failure and shock. One of the characteristics of sepsis is early microvascular dysfunction. In our rat model of polymicrobial sepsis, microvascular dysfunction is detected as early as 3 hours after infection (Bateman et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2001). The objective of this study was to examine the timing of microvascular dysfunction in the context of tissue injury and inflammation. Sepsis was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats with an intraperitoneal injection of a fecal slurry. Control animals were injected with normal saline. The septic and control animals were then prepared for intravital video microscopy (IVVM) of the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. The microvasculature was examined for changes in hemodynamics and erythrocyte oxygen saturation using dual wavelength IVVM for a period of 4 or 6 hours after the injection of the fecal slurry. The data were set aside for future analysis and comparisons were made to our existing hemodynamic data in order to further characterize our sepsis model. Completion of IVVM observations was followed by perfusion fixation and organ collection. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections were graded for pathological and inflammatory changes normalized to tissues collected from naïve control animals. Livers from septic and control animals were both marked by mild leukocyte infiltration in the 4‐hour and 6‐ hour groups, while erythrocyte trapping within the microvasculature did not rise above naïve levels and parenchymal cell architecture was not altered. The EDL muscles from septic animals did not exhibit increased inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical labelling of brain sections for rat MHC class II did not show signs of inflammatory microglial activation in coronal slices spanning the entire brain in the septic animals from the 4‐hour and 6‐hour groups. Intravenous injection of Evans Blue prior to perfusion fixation also indicated that the blood‐brain barrier was not broken. On the other hand, septic rats had evidence of increased dye leakage in the liver and kidneys, which was not observed in the saline‐injected animals. Evans Blue leakage was not observed in the intact EDL muscles of either group. The findings of this study suggest that microvascular dysfunction occurs before detectable organ injury in our rat fecal‐induced peritonitis model of sepsis.


In many countries in the world, mortality rates are decreasing and aging societies are on the rise, thus increasing longevity risk. In developing methodologies for longevity risk management and designing pension schemes and other social security plans, mortality models play important roles. In this paper, I analyze the mortality data of five countries—England and Wales, France, the United States, Canada and Japan—using the Lee–Carter model and the extended Lee–Carter models and I specify the diversifiable longevity risk between some of these countries. The Lee–Carter model is used for projections and risk management in many countries, but not all effects are accounted for in the Lee–Carter model. I use the extended Lee–Carter models considering cohort effects and the Lee–Carter vector autoregressive model which I developed by analyzing the residual structure of the Lee–Carter model applied to Japanese death rates. The characteristics of the variation in mortality in each country are well represented by the results of the goodness-of-fit. Examining the mortality indices of these countries and the coherence to the declining trend, I show the diversifiable parts of these variations. Based on this analysis, I state the key points for diversifying longevity risks and developing social security systems in aging societies.


Zirconia The higher toughness and the lower modulus of elasticity of zirconia, in stabilized and transformation-toughened form provide orne advantage over alumina and metals for use in orthopedic. Javelin produces a partially-stabilized zirconia tape for the MedLAM proces . The tape i available in two thickne e, 0.005" or O.OlD". MedLAM prototype produced from this composition have theoretical den itie of 96% of theoretical. Zir onia prototypes rapidly produced by Javelin have strength and fracture toughne propertie imilar to zirconia ceramics produced by conventional method. Biomimetic tructure prototyped by Javelin in zirconia include inner ear bones and bone anchors.


Complex, multivariate data streams frequently comprise subjacent behavioral patterns, which are subsumable by a process of statistical structure discovery. Revealing these hidden patterns from raw data is a major challenge in abstracting information and thus for new opportunities of efficient data analysis at scale. State-of-the-art approaches, such as CKS and ABCD, leverage statistical data models and Gaussian Processes in order to abstract from raw data and to describe their major data characteristics by means of kernel-decomposed covariance functions. The process of identifying the most appropriate covariance function is a performance bottleneck due to its super-quadratic computation time complexity for model selection and evaluation. In this paper, we thus propose a new approach for the computation of large-scale statistical data models. To this end, we propose to bound the complexity of the statistical data model and develop a sequential agglomerative approach to reduce the computational load of the required evaluative calculations. Our performance analysis indicates that our proposal is able to outperform state-of-the-art kernel search algorithms such as CKS and ABCD with respect to the qualities of efficiency and accuracy.


Previous quantitative analyses of ion sputtered brass alloy surfaces have indicated preferential sputtering of the zinc with a possible effect of crystalline structure in going from the pure face-centered-cubic α phase to the mixed α plus body-centered-cubic β phase. The application of principal component analysis-target factor analysis allows the use of the more surface sensitive MVV Auger transitions despite the complete overlap of the MVV peaks from copper and zinc. Quantitative analysis of these signals confirms the occurrence of preferential sputtering, including the phase dependence. Specifically, the zinc/copper concentration ratio from the surface vs the bulk shows a discontinuity as the bulk composition changes from the α to the α+β phase.


Diabetic Retinopathy is the disease of the retina caused by long-standing diabetes leading to damage of the retina and can even lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy stage classification deals with different stages of diabetes and has been considered as the most important step in the analysis of the disease. Diagnosis of the disease manually requires skilled individuals to identify distinct features, which is a difficult and time-consuming task. In this paper, a deep learning-based CNN model for diagnosing is presented. Digital color fundus images are used. In this work, we have implemented an InceptionV3 model with an attention mechanism. The motive behind using attention mechanism was that the model should pay more attention to the relevant portion of the image. This work will enable a user to test their eyes and can be easily identified in which stage of diabetes they are suffering. All the images were divided into five groups. In the proposed work, the CNN model (InceptionV3) was trained for producing a model for predicting on validation samples. Categorical accuracy of 60.82% is achieved with a Top 2 accuracy of 82.16.


The dislocated development of population, land, and economy will disturb the urban system, cause ecological risk problems, and ultimately affect regional habitat and quality development. Based on social statistics and nighttime lighting data from 2000 to 2018, we used mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods to analyze the change process of urbanization's coupling coordination degree and ecological risk response pattern in the Yangtze River Delta. Results show that: ① From 2000 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta increased, with high values in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou regions. ② The ecological risk in the Yangtze River Delta weakened, and the vulnerability and disturbance of landscape components together constitute the spatial differentiation pattern of regional ecological risk, which presented homogeneous aggregation and heterogeneous isolation. ③ The overall ecological stress of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta decreased. ④ The population aggregation degree, socio-economic development level and built-up area expansion trend contributed to the spatiotemporal differentiation of urbanization's ecological risks through the synergistic effects of factor concentration and diffusion, population quality cultivation and improvement, technological progress and dispersion, industrial structure adjustment and upgrading. This study can provide a reference for regional urbanization to deal with ecological risks reasonably and achieve high-quality development.


Abstract Bullying among children and youth has received considerable recent attention by educators, policy makers, health and mental health professionals, the media, and the general public. Recent legislation pertaining to bullying is reviewed, and current school-based bullying prevention and intervention strategies are described and critiqued. A number of common misdirections in efforts to address bullying are presented. Research to date suggests that comprehensive bullying prevention efforts, which involve the entire school community, hold the most promise for changing the norms for behavior and ultimately the prevalence of bullying in schools.


In this paper, we present novel visualization strategies for inspecting, displaying, browsing, comparing, and visualizing deep neural networks (DNN) and their internal state during training. Despite their broad use across many fields of application, deep learning techniques are still often referred to as "black boxes". Trying to get a better understanding of these models and how they work is a thriving field of research. To this end, we contribute with a visualization mechanism designed explicitly to enable simple and efficient introspection for deep neural networks. The mechanism processes, computes, and displays neurons activation during the training of a deep neural network. We furthermore demonstrate the usefulness of this visualization technique through different use cases: class similarity detection, hints for network pruning and adversarial attack detection. We implemented this mechanism in an open source tool called DNNViz, which is integrated into DeepDIVA, a highly-functional PyTorch framework for reproducible experiments.


The present invention discloses a method for realizing the third generation mobile communication system, video service, wherein the second generation mobile communication system, the calling or called mobile switching center according to the received carries a third generation mobile communication system video service identification of signaling, recognizes the current call is a third generation mobile communication system, a video call service, the mobile switching center signaling carrying the third generation mobile communication system transmits video to the management service identifier of the calling or the called dual-mode mobile the terminal base station controller, the base station controller resides calling or called dual-mode mobile terminal from a second generation mobile communication system to the third generation mobile communication system of the second generation mobile communication system, and by a third generation mobile communication system implementing the video service. The method of the present invention is applied allows dual mode mobile terminal residing in a second-generation network directly initiate or receive a third generation mobile communication system video service.


In learning system the lecturers are responsible to impart the information to those who are there to learn. Additional to the fact that lecturers should act as facilitator in classrooms they also need to motivate the learner. In a more self-directed type of learning such as E-Learning, the learner has responsibility for his or her own learning. Overcoming the so-complicated process of learning by themselves they need also to be motivated. This paper depicts the experience of learning using a graphical based system modeled around the concept of VisuRule. It is based on an interactive interface implemented through a hierarchy of mutually exclusive options presented to the user based on choices made as the user progresses through the various decision levels. This strategy makes learning for students a more active process that is more meaningful and hence more effective. The paper will provide an overview of the benefi ts for combining the Inference method with the use of graphical concept such as VisiRule. Moreover the approach taken for modeling the learning content is described.


Many countries and consumers require GMF to be labeled because of its potential risk, so that consumers can make a free choice on the base of information. However, some countries such as USA and many producers and retailers do not want to label GMF, and they think that GMF is as safe as the traditional foods and there is no need to label GMF. This article has examined the concept of labeling informed choice, and has analyzed the ethical issues carefully and has reflected these issues from the philosophical perspective. The author thinks that GMF should be labeled in order to respect the right of informed choice of consumers.


Geometry is one of the essential materials for students. However, geometry material, especially the concept of geometry, still needs to be made more accessible for students. Models and media are needed, and the proper context in learning mathematics in geometric material. Therefore, this research aims to develop valid, practical, and effective learning using the Collaborative Based Inquiry learning model based on local wisdom to improve students' metacognitive abilities. This study is Research and Development (R D). There were five stages in this study: to analyze the developed product, develop the initial product, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and product revisions, and large-scale field trials and final products. Based on the results of the study obtained, several research conclusions, including that the learning device was valid. From the limited test, the results of the five ability test questions were obtained metacognitive is also valid and reliable. Developed learning plans as well practicals from the side of teachers and students. Moreover, the average value of students' metacognitive abilities in the experimental class is classified as effective to increase students' metacognitive abilities. That way, learning mathematics design with Collaborative Based Inquiry based on local wisdom can improve students' metacognitive abilities.


Abstract Psychopathologies of all kinds, vis-à-vis the military, are well-documented in the mental health literature. These illnesses include acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorders, and more. The authors maintain that there is another type of injury that has heretofore escaped detection because its symptoms are subtler than those exhibited in the more profound psychopathologies. This injury appears to be related to both depression and moral injury. The authors call this phenomenon "significance injury." This presentation serves as a "note from the field," an attempt to outline nuances in clinical presentation, diagnostics, and possible treatment apropos of significance injury phenomena.


The death of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) induces the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, a disease called age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential to generate a limitless source of RPE for cellular therapies, but spontaneous differentiation methods require several months to produce mature cells. In 2013, a novel directed‐differentiation protocol described efficient derivation of RPE in 14 days using nicotinamide as a key‐inducing agent in the chemical cocktail. This study investigates the hypothesis that nicotinamide expedites RPE‐derivation by inhibiting poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) during the neuralization component of differentiation. 3‐aminobenzamide (3‐ABA), a non‐hydrolyzable nicotinamide analogue and PARP‐1 inhibitor, was tested in place of nicotinamide. Gene expression analysis by qPCR, morphological assessment, and pigment quantification demonstrate that 3‐ABA affects differentiation during the first 4 days of differentiation, ultimately yielding cells with similar, yet attenuated, levels of RPE‐marker gene expression compared to controls. This suggests that nicotinamide contributes to RPE differentiation from hESCs by partially inhibiting PARP‐1. Since other mechanisms are likely involved, future investigation aims to identify additional pathways contributing to this efficient differentiation of RPE cells, which will be important for generating cells for therapeutic applications.


The Coriolis mass flow meter's measuring principle is introduced,with emphasis on the meter's characteristics.Recommendations for installation and its usage are also summed up in this paper.


Pseudoplasmodia and mature spores of Sphaerospora ohlmacheri (Whinery, 1893) n.comb. were found in the renal tubules and in the space of the Bowman's capsule of 2nd-year tadpoles of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Fresh spores and the sporogenic stages of S. ohlmacheri from tissue imprints and histological sections are described and illustrated. Dystrophic changes of renal tubule cells characterized by degeneration associated with hyaline droplets often accompanied the presence of the parasite. Features of the genera Leptotheca, Wardia, and Sphaerospora are discussed.


Several theoretical ideas in role theory are integrated with the empirical literature that has investigated such role transitions as adjusting to the coming of the first child, retirement, bereavement, etc. This analysis is an attempt to build theory by identifying and reworking propositions that are sufficiently general and precisely stated that they can be used as a basis for deductively explaining why variation occurs in the ease of making various role transitions.


13 patients under artificial renal replacement therapy have been studied as to the changes of electromyographic patterns and peripheral neuropathy symptoms. 10 patients have been treated by high-effic


Introduction: Upside-down stomach usually is asymptomatic in adults, but sometimes it can cause regurgitation, vomiting, and weight loss. This condition has an incidence increasing with age thus increasing the risk of surgical intervention. Case Report: A 90-year-old man was admitted with dysphagia, postprandial regurgitation, and an 18 kg weight loss in the past year. Gastroscopy revealed a significantly dilated, cranky esophagus and an upside-down stomach. The diagnosis was confirmed by a barium swallow and computed tomography. The stomach was repositioned with a gastroscope using insufflation and an &agr;-loop maneuver under fluoroscopic guidance. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was then inserted to fix the stomach. The patient was discharged on the first postinterventional day. He gained 6 kg in the next 2 months. Discussion: High-risk patients with upside-down stomach can be managed by endoscopic repositioning of the stomach and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy fixation. This is a useful alternative therapeutic intervention. There have been 14 similar cases being reported in the literature.


A regionalized version of a "disequilibrium" model of a small open economy is used to study how different regional "disequilibrium" situations affect the shortrun impacts of government policies. Production of goods in one region is assumed to be constrained due to lack of labor, while there is unemployment in the other region due to lack of effective demand (so-called Keynesian unemployment). The impacts of government policies are analyzed under both flexible and fixed exchange rates.


The pure rotational spectra of phenanthridine, acridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline, small polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle molecules (PANHs), have been measured and assigned from 2 to 85 GHz. An initial spectral assignment, guided by ab initio molecular orbital predictions, employed broadband Stark modulated millimeter wave absorption spectroscopy of a supersonic rotationally cold molecular beam, yielding a preliminary set of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants. Subsequent spectral analysis employed Fourier transform microwave (FT-MW) spectroscopy of a supersonic rotationally cold molecular beam. The extremely high spectral resolution of the FT-MW instrument yielded improved rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants, together with nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants, for all three species. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level of theory employing the cc-pVTZ and 6-311+G** basis sets are shown to closely predict rotational constants and to be useful in predicting quadrupole coupling constants and dipole moments for such PANH species. The data presented here will be useful for deep radio astronomical searches for PANHs employing large radio telescopes.


The state as the main element of a political system is investigated in the humanities and social sciences in detail. The urgency of the linguocognitive study of the processes of discursive construction of the concept of "state" consists in its significance in the conceptual system of the Russian political discourse, as well as in its social value. The aim of this article is to identify the linguistic means of explication of the concept of "state" and to study the dynamic trends of its representation in Russian ceremonial political speeches. The sample includes Russian Presidential Inaugural Addresses by B. Yeltsin, D. Medvedev and V. Putin. The analysis of lexicographic data of the 20th – early 21st centuries makes it possible to identify the stable components of the meaning of the word which verbalizes the concept in the Russian Language: 1) the state is a political form of organization of society; 2) the state performs a protective function. The author has found that the concept is formed with the help of eight thematic categories describing the state: the governance goal, the current state of governance, the inherent qualities of the state, the sources of development of the state, the relationships between the state and the people; the foundations of the state; the tasks in the area of governance, and the activity of government departments and agencies. Having studied the peculiarities of explication of the concept of "state" in inaugural addresses of the Russian Presidents, the author has worked out its prototypical structure: 1) the citizens form the state governed by its head; 2) the president ought to protect and preserve the state; 3) Russia is a democratic state. The concept of "state" is a dynamic entity which is constantly changing in accordance with the political goals of the new president and/or a new term of their office and the needs of the society.


Procter-Gray, Elizabeth; Olendzki, Barbara C.; Kane, Kevin J.; Churchill, Linda C.; Hayes, Rashelle B.; Aguirre, Annabella; Kang, Hyung-Joo; and Li, Wenjun, "Misclassification of Healthy Eating Based on Food Frequency Questionnaires and 24-hour Dietary Recalls in Older Men and Women" (2017). UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat. 65. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cts_retreat/2017/posters/65


ABSTRACT With an expectation that different doctoral programmes may encourage and support different student learning identities, this paper compares the experiences of doctoral candidates participating in doctoral studies in England and Germany. A comparison of the experiences of doctoral candidates as expressed through interviews is viewed through the lens of the theory of fit. This theory considers the alignment of values between those engaged in PhD study and the programmes created to support them. The paper claims that the identification of dimensions of fit is helpful for considering the data generated on the learning experiences and self-expressed identities of the doctoral candidates. Addressing how dimensions in relation to culture, environment and vocation change and strengthen or loosen the alignment between doctoral candidates' values and those affecting their doctoral work are important for supporting progress. These dimensions should be discussed in order to develop supervisory, programme and university support for doctoral learning.


In recent years,a large number of 3-edge type Bronze arrowheads were unearthed in inner Mongolia Wulanchabu city Liangcheng County Mao Qinggou village tombs.3-edge type Bronze arrowheads Belonged to the typical arrowhead in North Di and Huns time.Liangcheng County Mao Qinggou village was located in Yunzhong county of Zhao during the Warring States Period.At that time,there were massive northern barbarian tribes living here.The Mao Qinggou 3-edge type Bronze arrowheads unearthed here confirmed with historical data that the area about Liangcheng County was ever important military center for Zhao and North Di,especial Loufan nationality.


OBJECTIVE To observe the application condition of two kinds of biologic monitoring packages in high pressure-steam sterilization to ensure the monitoring veracity as well as to decrease the workload and improve the work efficiency.METHODS The disposable biologic challenge package made by 3M was adopted in testing group and the self-made standard biologic testing package was adopted in control group.The biologic monitoring result and the work efficiency were observed.RESULTS The biologic monitoring results in two groups were all eligible with 100.0%.The work efficiency in testing group was significantly higher than in control group,the utilization rate of space in sterilization oven was improved.CONCLUSION The disposable biologic challenge package made by 3M company is convenient,fast,and time-and labor-saved.The work efficiency and the utilization rate of space in sterilization oven can also be improved.


Abstract In a time of representation and self-fashioning, as in the Renaissance, the body becomes the main vehicle of expression. Renaissance self-fashioning is one example of how the body was made into a 'product', an exhibit of the social and political discourses of its time. The most efficient means provided by 'polite learning' of exercising and forming the body (both for purposes of representation, and as proof of one's physical prowess and health) was dance: rigorous daily practice would facilitate the proper accomplishment of one's duties at court according to the courtly ideal of control, refinement and grace (in keeping with the concept of sprezzatura). As a well-established discursive practice of the time, dance was a powerful instrument of royal propaganda and an ideal means of vindicating the networks of power. In this paper, I will use the example of the Masque to show how dance and images of dance in literature were used in Elizabethan and Jacobean culture to legitimize and 'inscribe', but also to undermine and subvert the power structures of the period for the promotion of individual interests.


In order to overall study the present situation of tissue culture of Ginkgo biloba L.and to find out the law of tissue,this paper summarizes the studying advances on organ culture,callus culture,cell suspension culture,pollen culture,embryo and embryogenesis culture,hairy root culture,and germplasm conservation and physiological study using tissue culture technology.This paper also points out that there is still a lot of work to do,such as finding out the metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites and the key enzymes of key steps,obtaining somatic embryos from protoplasms,female gametophytes and pollens,and establishing a protocol for growing an embryo to a plant in the field.


This work examines four polystyrene (PS) resins and PS resins with fillers. The materials are processed into sheets and then the sheets are foamed at various supercritical conditions. The morphology of the foam is studied and a large porous PS foam is also developed for a vacuum insulation panel.


A 70-year-old man with no prior medical history was admitted with nonspecific complaints of abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, indicating a narrowing of the duodenum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large heterogeneous mass, measuring 11x8 cm, situated all along the duodenum, without invasion of the mesenteric vessels (Fig. 1). The patient underwent radical Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). The tumor had spread to all four segments of the duodenum (Fig. 2). Upon microscopy, a papillary mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma was confirmed with infiltration of the duodenal wall (Fig. 3). Of the 13 resected lymph nodes, none was infiltrated with tumor cells. On clinical grounds, the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma pT4N0M0 (Stage IIB, American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification) of the duodenum was admitted. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Following surgical treatment, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administered – including an oxaliplatin and capecitabine combination. At the 6-month follow-up, our patient had remained well. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for participation in this study.


Providing readers with a solid introduction to major global wireless standards, this book describes the different systems based on the standards, their practical implementation and the design assumptions that were made.


We construct curves of each genus $g\geq 2$ for which Coleman's effective Chabauty bound is sharp and Coleman's theorem can be applied to determine rational points if the rank condition is satisfied. We give numerous examples of genus two and rank one curves for which Coleman's bound is sharp. Based on one of those curves, we construct an example of a curve of genus five whose rational points are determined using the descent method together with Coleman's theorem.


Literatures have not been able to provide a consensus of the impact of macroeconomic variables on the stock market performance which is largely considered as a vital component of any nation's financial system in attracting and allocating capital to the productive sectors of the economy. This study used the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Phillips-Perron test to test for unit root and stationarity in the model. The study also made use of Jargue-Bera to test for normality distribution. The study adopted the All Share Index of the Nigerian Stock Exchange as a proxy for the stock market as the dependent variables. The independent variables examined are Gross Domestic Product. Inflation Rate, Foreign Exchange Rate and Interest Rate. The observed that with the exception of Foreign Exchange rate all the independence variable are significantly correlated to the stock market performance (ASI). It is therefore evident from the various regression statistics observed by this study that a very strong relationship actually exists between the macroeconomic variables and the performance of the Nigerian stock market. The policy makers should ensure that policies that determine the behavior of the macroeconomic variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rate and inflation rates are made favourable for the components of the financial system so that the required capital for long-term economic growth and development can be attracted from both the local and foreign investors.
Key words: Economic Growth, All Share Index, Macroeconomic Variables, Stock Market, Coefficient of Correlation


Automated learning environments collect large amounts of information on the activities of their students. Unfortunately, analyzing and interpreting these data manually can be tedious and requires substantial training and skill. Although automatic techniques do exist for mining data, the results are often hard to interpret or incorporate into existing scientific theories of learning and education. We therefore present a model for performing automatic scientific discovery in the context of human learning and education. We demonstrate, using empirical results relating the frequency of student self-assessments to quiz performance, that our framework and techniques yield results better than those available using human-crafted features. Introduction and Previous Work One of the fundamental goals of scientific research is the modeling of phenomena. In particular, we are interested in examining the data produced by students using an on-line course. Intuitively, researchers believe many interesting, and potentially useful trends and patterns are contained in these logs. Researchers usually begin with some general idea of the phenomenon they would like to understand, and then proceed to collect some observations of it. The scientist, for example, might have some prior belief, based on existing scientific theory and intuition, that the amount of time a student spends reading course notes will affect his performance on quizzes, but is not able to specify exactly what he means by "time reading notes." Is it the cumulative number of minutes, split into any number of sessions, conducted under any condition, prior to the evaluation that matters? Or is the intensity of the reading more important? Is it better to read the notes right before the quiz, for higher recall, or perhaps an earlier viewing helps prime the student for learning? Unfortunately, researchers have neither the time nor patience to go through all these logs, by hand, to find ideal instantiations of their features. In this work, we develop a partial solution to this problem of feature discovery that uses a computer to intelligently induce higher-level features from low-level data. Although computers can produce copious log data, the unstructured, low-level nature of these data unfortunately makes it difficult to design an algorithm that can construct features and models the researcher and his community are interested in and can understand. In fact, the complexity of a full search of the feature space, from a statistical point of view, would depend on the size of the sufficient statistics of the entire data set. Thus, for all real-world problems, brute force search is intractable. A more insidious problem, however, is that even if the space of features were able to be enumerated and searched efficiently, the number of possible models based on those features would be even larger, and any attempt at learning a true model would suffer from overfitting and the curse of dimensionality. Although techniques do exist for addressing this issue, many do not take into consideration the semantics of the features, instead relying on an estimation of complexity. It turns out that by carefully limiting the types of features that we can represent and search, we reduce our search and overfitting problems without, hopefully, cutting out too many expressive features. Certain techniques do exist for addressing feature selection. Principle component analysis (PCA) (e.g. Schölkopf, Smola, and Müller 1998), for example, finds a projection of the data from a higher dimensional space to one with fewer dimensions. This projection reduces the number of features needed to represent the data. Unfortunately, these projections distort the original, presumably intuitive, definition of the features of the data into linear combinations of these features. In this process, much of the interpretability of the resulting models is sacrificed. This weakness is present in many of the other methods used for feature selection and dimensionality reduction, such as clustering and kernel methods (Jain, Duin, and Mao 2000). All suffer from a sacrifice of interpretability which has been shown to be essential if computational techniques should ever have a serious impact on the progress of scientific research (Pazzini, Mani, and Shankle 2001). These are the problems this research tries to solve. Figure 1. Feature creation flow diagram It is important to note that we face two distinct problems, each of which is challenging in its own right. The first is defining and searching through the large space of possible features. The second is constraining that feature space and biasing the search to discover new features that improve predictiveness while still preserving the semantics of the original features. To achieve these goals we begin with a relatively small set of core features, defined in terms of the raw data, and grow this set, through an iterative process of feature creation, scoring, and pruning. At each iteration the predictiveness of the model based on the features is increased, while the scientific and semantic interpretability of the features themselves is hopefully preserved. Via this semi-greedy process of growing and pruning we are able to discover novel, nonintuitive features without the burden of a brute-force search. System architecture (overview) Figure 1 shows a high level diagram of the cyclical flow of data through the feature creation process and provides the outline for the structure of the paper. The arrows represent processes, and the items in italics are the inputs and results of those processes. We begin with the initial features of the raw data, and iteratively grow candidate features via prediction and calculation, and then prune these candidates down to create a new generation to begin the process again. Each completed cycle represents one iteration of the algorithm. The process continues until a user-defined stopping condition is met, e.g. elapsed computation time, R 2 of discovered model, or number of features discovered.


Vibrios are normal inhabitants in aquatic environments and very common in marine and estuarine habitats.Many studies have reported that Vibrio species are pathogenic to marine shrimps and fish.Haemolysin,which is an exotoxin that attacks blood cell membranes and causes cell rupture,is arguably the most widely distributed toxin among pathogenic vibrios.Haemolysis may result from the enzymatic activities demonstrated by some species of bacteria,including phospholipase C of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and phospholipase D in Photobacterium damselae ssp.damselae.However,many other haemolysins act by forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of erythrocytes.In many cases,the pore-forming activity of haemolysin is not restricted to erythrocytes,but extends to a wide range of other cell types including mast cells,neutrophils,and polymorphonuclear cells,and enhances virulence by causing tissue damage.Currently,five representative haemolysin families were found in Vibrio sp.,including the TDH(thermostable direct haemolysin) family of V.parahaemolyticus,the HlyA(E1 Tor haemolysin) family of V.cholerae,the TLH(thermolabile haemolysin) family of V.parahaemolyticus,the δ-VPH(thermostable haemolysin) family of V.parahaemolyticus and the HLX family of V.cholerae O1.Each type of haemolysin gene was aligned using ClustalW(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalW/),and five pairs of PCR primers were designed from the conserved region of the haemolysin genes and amplified the haemolysin gene fractions of TLH,TDH,HlyA,δ-VPH and HLX.Five DIG-labelled haemolysin gene probes were synthesized by PCR amplification from total DNA of different Vibrio strains,and were used to detect the distributions of the five haemolysin genes among 57 Vibrio strains by Southern Blot.The results showed that 2 Vibrio strains had TDH haemolysin gene;2 strains had HlyA haemolysin gene;49 strains had TLH haemolysin gene;3 strains had δ-VPH haemolysin gene and 30 strains had HLX haemolysin gene.From these results,it seems that TLH haemolysin gene was widely distributed in different Vibrio species,and the positive ratio was as high as 85.96%.HLX haemolysin gene was widely distributed among V.harveyi,V.parahaemolyticus and was also found in V.alginolyticus,V.cincinatiensis,V.diazotrophicus and Grimontia hollisae,and the positive ratio was 52.63%.However,the positive ratios of TDH,HlyA and δ-VPH haemolysin genes were less than 6%.Moreover,one strain of Grimontia hollisae and one strain of V.parahaemolyticus had duplicated tdh genes.It seems that duplication of haemolysin genes in vibrios is not rare.Fifty-seven isolates of vibrios were inoculated on the fish blood agar plate and egg yolk plates respectively,and the activities of haemolytic and phospholipase were determined by the appearance of a lytic zone and opalescence around the bacterial growth.It was found that all the vibrios strains with TLH haemolysin gene had haemolytic activities.Except V.fischeri,V.gazogenes,V.logei and V.harveyi VIB 647,all the other vibrio strains that had TLH haemolysin gene also had phospholipase activities.Most vibrio strains that had strong haemolytic and phospholipase activities also had strong hybridization signals for TLH haemolysin gene.However,there were also some exceptions,e.g.Photobacterium damselae subsp.damselae,V.furnissii,V.tubiashii and V.harveyi VIB 649,which had strong haemolytic or phospholipase activities,had weak or no hybridization signals.Almost all the vibrio strains which had no hybridization signals for TLH haemolysin gene had no haemolytic or phospholipase activities.The haemolytic or phospholipase activities in the 3 V.harveyi isolates which had duplicated TLH haemolysin genes were stronger than those in others strains.This suggests that the haemolytic or phospholipase activities of V.harveyi were also correlated with duplication of TLH haemolysin genes.From these results,it comes the conclusion that haemolytic and phospholipase activities of Vibrio species are closely correlated with the distribution of TLH haemolysin gene,but not with the other 4 types of haemolysin genes.


ABSTRACT Palaeogeographic reconstructions of Palawan Island using Geographic Information Systems based on present-day bathymetry show extensive changes in land area with respect to sea-level fluctuations during the Late Quaternary. Our analysis shows that a lowering of at least 135 meters from present-day levels is needed in order to expose a narrow land connection between Palawan and Sundaland. This most likely last occurred during OIS 12 (ca. 440 Ka) and probably OIS 16 (ca. 630 Ka), facilitating overland colonization between the two islands. The reconstructions further illustrate the extent of land exposed, which was likely covered by open savannah vegetation during the LGP and inhabited by several large mammal species now extinct on the island. Sea-level rise at the end of the Pleistocene caused the inundation of shallow shelves of Palawan, and this, accompanied by a conversion to closed rainforest environments, was probably responsible for the disappearance of most of the large mammal fauna of Palawan. Coastline reconstructions demonstrate that the appearance of mid-Holocene shell middens in the Philippine archaeological record is due to the formation and proximity of mangrove forests during sea-level high-stand, rather than a consequence of changes in human subsistence strategies.


Objective:To study the effect of local infiltration anesthesia in recovery period of general anesthesia patients underwent acute abdomen surgery.Methods:From February 2012 to March2013,88 acute abdomen cases received local anesthesia surgery were randomly divided into local infiltration group(46cases)and control group(42cases,only received conventional anesthesia).The clinical features during recovery period were compared between the two groups.Results:The excellent and good rate for anesthesia in local infiltration group was significantly higher than in control group(84.78% versus 66.67%,P0.05).The incidence of adverse clinical responses such as abnormal blood pressure,abnormal temperature,dysuresia,dysphoria,etc.,was lower in local infiltration group than in control group(P0.05).Conclusion:In patients with acute abdomen,local anesthesia application shows better anesthetic effect and has less adverse responses than conventional general anesthesia.


The retinoids as a class consist of the synthetic and natural analogs of vitamin A. Among a variety of biological effects produced by these agents is their capacity to alter the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans The GAG are ubiquitous components of mammalian cells that appear to be of fundamental importance in phenomena such as cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions.4~5 Thus, these macromolecules have been implicated in the attachment and migration of transformed6 and embryonic cells,7 and they have been reported to interfere with the growth of neoplastic cells.* Since the study of retinoid-induced alterations of GAG synthesis and composition may provide an understanding of the complex role of these polymeric carbohydrates in the phenotypic behavior of cells and of the mechanism(s) by which the retinoids cause changes in the function of these macromolecules, we have investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the biosynthesis and processing of GAG during the attachment and spreading on the substratum of the murine melanoma B16F10. The results demonstrate that a concentration of 10-5 M RA is required to inhibit the replication of B16F10 cells, which accumulate in the GI phase of the cell cycle. This decrease in growth rate is accompanied by alterations in the synthesis and distribution of GAG during the process of cellular anchoring and spread on the tissue culture substratum. Initially, the incorporation of radioactive precursors of GAG into cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCI-precipitable material was decreased by treatment with RA; on the other hand, longer exposure to this agent led to apparent increased deposition of GAG into the medium.


Med-Aid AI Contour is a software applying artificial intelligence (AI) to contour organs at risk (OAR) base on CT scans. This is a tool to assist oncologists on contouring OAR to reduce time and improve the quality with more accurate quality.

Purpose: Evaluate the quality of AI Contour and the software's self-study and self-improve ability when the amount of input data is increasing.

Materials and Methods: Cases of cancer in different locations include: Head, Chest and Abdominal are used as input data for AI Contour to self-study, and then evaluate contour results based on 60 cases with contour samples reviewed by doctors. Implement statistics of results when input data for Abdominal increasing from 125 up to 716 patients.

Results: The latest version of AI Contour showed results over 80% contours acceptable. Specifically: the Head area 83.02%, the Chest area 82.69%, the Abdominal/Pelvic area 82.41%.

Discussion: AI Contour gives gradual better results when input data increases. For example Abdominal area, the acceptable rate increased from 52.02% (with the input was 125 patients) to 81.22% (with the input was 716 patients).


Combustion process in a furnace equipped with means for recovering energy and burners, inthe which: - the heat of combustion fumes alternately retrieves one hand by means derecuperacion energy then the other means porlos recovery portion energy, - at least part of the burners are air-fuel burners consist of at least unconducto air under which or in the center of which is placed at least one injector of a primercombustible, he said injector perpendicular to the furnace wall being or a first phase during which only a part of the recovery means energiafuncionan and aero-burners susceptible to direct their flames toward dichosmedios energy recovery operation, or a second phase only work: - two phases is alternatively used during which only the other part of the recovery means deenergia work and only work that the aero- mers capable of directing its haciadichos flames means energy recovery operation, characterized in that at least places an oxy-fuel under the air duct at least unquemador aero-fuel, said burner including oxy-fuel injectors perpendicular fluids Lapared oven and using a procedure staged combustion of a second fuel and a gasrico oxygen, said method being staged combustion employed such that at least one jet of the second fuel is injected and at least one jet of oxygen-rich gas including jet gasrico oxygen a primary stream of oxygen-rich gas and a secondary stream of oxygen-rich gas, being primary elchorro of oxygen-rich gas injected in the vicinity of the jet of the second fuel such manerapara generate a first combustion incomplete, including gases from this primeracombu stion at least a portion of the second fuel, while the secondary gas stream rich in oxigenose injected at a I2 jet distance of the second fuel that is greater than the distance between the delsegundo jet fuel and primary jet oxygen-rich gas as closest to the jet of the second fuel, so to combust with the part of the second fuel present in the gases procedentesde the first combustion, wherein the primary jet of oxygen-rich gas is divided into at least two chorrosprimarios: at least one first primary jet of oxygen-rich gas is injected into contact with the delsegundo jet fuel, and at least a second primary stream of oxygen-rich gas injected at a distance I1 delchorro the second fuel, it said greater than the distance I1 I2 distance.


Abstract Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) aims to fully support heart and lung function in postcardiac patients, ensuring end-organ perfusion and allowing time for possible heart recovery. VA ECMO is considered the modified and extended form of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which is used to provide adequate tissue oxygenation. ECMO and the associated management protocols will mechanically support the patient and allow for the optimization of all aspects of care for the period of time necessary for the recovery of native cardiac or respiratory function. Significant technical advancements have been made in the equipment and the clinical management available for short- and long-term ECMO application. There are various parameters that have to be considered to evaluate whether the level of perfusion in patients on VA ECMO is adequate, and the outcomes of patients depend on them.


Caspar S chwenck f e l d ( 1 4 8 9 1 5 6 1 ) remains an isolated, l i t t le unders tood f igure in the h is tor iography o f the R e f o r m a t i o n . ' A n d perhaps this is on l y just , since he was, w i th the e x c ep t i on o f Sebastian Franck, the most tho roughgo ing spiritualist o f the per i od . His teachings on Chr is to logy ,^ and Sc r ip tu re , ' and his advocacy o f ful l re l ig ious t o l e ra t i on , " c lear ly mark h im as an outs ider , f o r contemporar ies dangerously d i f f e r en t f r o m Luther , Zw ing l i and Calv in, and f o r scholars d i f f i cu l t t o place on the landscape o f the R e f o r m a t i o n . But in his o w n day he e n j o y e d a w i d e readership and a numerous f o l l ow ing . He also earned the fear, l oa th ing and oppos i t i on o f Protestant theologians, a list o f whose names w o u l d const i tute a ver i table w h o ' s w h o o f the R e f o r m a t i o n . T h e Counci l o f T rent even proscr ibed all o f his works , w i thou t excep t i on . A n h o n o r accorded t o on l y f our o ther Arch-heret ics : Luther , Zw ing l i , Calvin, and Balthasar Hubma i e r . '


The synthesis of new reagent 1-(2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid)-3-(4-phenylazophenyl) triazene(NASAPAPT) and the condition of its color reaction with anionic surfactant.The maximum absorption wavelength of the complex is respectively at 441 nm,432 nm.The system was used to determine anionic surfactants by spectroscopy.The apparent molar absorbency of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(DBOSO3Na) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(DSO4Na) are 1.51×104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 2.29×104 L.mol-1.cm-1,respectively.The method was applied to analysis of surfactant in synthetic and surrounding water samples with satisfactory results.