The distribution of the motor areas on the cerebral hemisphere of the guinea-pig has not been studied as far as record shows. It is deemed necessary to make some findings in order to see how much difference there mould be from those that have been worked out in the case of other mammals. Besides stimulations, histological investigations and ablations of various parts of the cerebral hemisphere have been resorted to; the results thus far obtained agree with one another in many respects.


This paper analyses the BISDN customer network configurations as specified in CCITT Recommendation I.413 (e.g. star, bus, ring, starred bus), assumed market needs and the impact on the ATM layer functionality at the broadband user-network interface at the SB and TB reference points. Orderly and fair access of several terminals to a shared transmission medium requires a suitable access protocol (generic flow control). Its functionality and possible implementations are discussed.


For a wireless network to effectively deliver services to the mobile users, it must have an efficient way to keep track of them. For the next generation wireless multimedia networks which can provide wide bandwidth services, the radio resource becomes more competitive. Many strategies have been proposed to reduce the spectrum consumption of the users location update and paging messages, such as the PBS scheme. In this paper, we study the PBS scheme performance under various conditions by simulations. We also propose a new scheme - MPBS which includes user time information in the profile. The user location is computed by the system based on not only the distribution probability but also the system current time. The simulation results suggest that the MPBS scheme can generate far less signaling traffic and paging delay than the PBS scheme does.


For design of geosythetics-reinforced retaining wall, neural network is different from the semi-empirical formula based on the theory of homo-cohesion. It simulates the function of human brain and obtains predicted result from the learning of experimental data, without any kind of subjective assumption. BP(back-propagation) neural network is a kind of delamination network which trains weights of nonlinear and differential function. Based on MATLAB neural network toolbox and model test data, a BP neural network was designed to predicted the critical length of reinforcement under given ultimate load. Test data spotted near the curve linked with predicted data, so we know that the learning of network is successful. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between ultimate load critical length of different reinforcement. The result showed us that the elastic modulus of reinforcement and the frictional coefficient between reinforcement and filling materials are of great importance to the whole performance of geosythetics-reinforced retaining wall.


Cereal production in the summer-dominant rainfall region of Australia, especially the north-east, has relied heavily on natural soil fertility. Continued cereal production has so depleted the fertility of some soils that corrective strategies are required to restore the production of high protein wheat needed for domestic and export markets. Application of nitrogen (N) fertilisers, along with other strategies to improve soil N status, was evaluated between 1987 and 1994 on a Vertisol located in an area of unreliable winter rainfall. Responses of wheat grain yield and protein content to applied N (0-150 kg/ha) under zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) were determined each year, except 1991 when severe drought prevented wheat sowing. The ZT practices increased grain yields, particularly in 1988 and 1992-93 when antecedent soil water supplies were moderate (about 1 m wet soil in 1988 and 1992) or low (about 0.6 m wet soil in 1993), apparently due to increased antecedent soil water. Tillage practice had little effect on available nitrate-N (kg/ha) to 1.5 m, but the greater water supply in ZT soil usually benefited the wheat crop when N was applied. Applying N increased returns from 5 of the 7 crops because of grain yield and/or grain protein responses. Grain yield responses were inconsistent in the year of fertiliser application where no N fertiliser had been applied to preceding crops. Nevertheless, grain protein usually increased with increasing N application at sowing, except in 1994, when drought after sowing prevented secondary root development and fertiliser uptake. Where N was applied with each successive crop, the crops receiving small N applications (0, 12.5 or 25 kg/ha.crop) produced grain of a low protein concentration ( 11.5%, due to the low market value of low protein wheat, or because of lower grain yields. Routine N application to crops over the period 1987-94, which included the longest drought (1990-94) in the lifetime of most producers, caused similarly inconsistent grain yield increases but increased grain protein concentrations (>11.5%) in all except the first crop (1987). Increased frequency of high protein wheat and a high anticipated market value of the higher protein grain should encourage greater producer confidence with routine application of N throughout this region.


For the aim of fast calculation of the electromagnetic scattering of the large dipoles cloud (LDC), the LDC can be treated as the continuous medium. This paper presents a method to calculate the extinction coefficient of dipoles cloud with the Method of Moments (MOM). The influence of the sample volume on the calculation of the extinction coefficient is also analyzed in this work


With the coming to an end of the Cold War period in Africa people became familiar and aware of citizenship rights and obligations. They were better educated and well informed about the existing socio-economic and political conditions of their states and become in need to participate in public affairs but were constrained by the existing structures of governance. As part of the global move, initiation and accreditation of decentralized governance the Ethiopian government had also focused on decentralization of its administration to ensure locally driven development since 1991 in a formal way (Yilmaz V Abrham, 2011; Tilahun, 2014). The first was decentralization of powers and functions of the state to autonomous regional governments (Tilahun, 2014). However many states like Ethiopia have been witnessed challenged in bringing effective in socioeconomic development. Therefore this research undertaking is made to assess the exercise of local governance in ensuring community participation in Gulomekeda woreda as a focus of study. To come up with the required data pertinent to the research undertaking qualitative research methodology was employed. To select the sample respondents for the research both probability and non probability sampling designs were used. First to select the three sample Kebeles out of the 19 in the woreda the researcher had employed simple random sampling and particularly lottery method. Where as to select key informants and interviewees from different local institutions (Woreda and Kebele council members, woreda officials), and civic associations like (Woreda and Kebele women associations, youth associations at woreda and Kebele levels)   the researcher had employed purposive sampling and particularly judgmental sampling technique. . So that to ensure effective community participation in local governance, political commitment the ruling party, capacity building practices both at woreda and kebele levels are recommended. Keywords: Gulomekeda woreda, Decentralization, local governance, Kebele


This section contains a list of principal officials of the Special Court for Sierra Leone of the book titled The Law Reports of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (2 vols.) . The Special Court for Sierra Leone was established through signature of a bilateral treaty between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone in early 2002, making it the third modern ad hoc international criminal tribunal. Keywords: principal officials; Sierra Leone


As the demand to weld higher strength materials through friction stir welding (FSW) increases, the need for better non‐consumable rotating tool also increases as it has to be able to endure high frictional and thermal deformation while the work‐piece undergoes intense plastic deformation at high temperatures. Carbon‐based nanomaterials are good options to increase strength of steel. An attempt to improve the friction stir welding tool through carbon‐based coatings on H13 tool steel has been carried out. This paper highlights the characterization of the carbon‐based coatings in regard to selected coating parameters through Field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman Spectra, and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The analysis shows presence of graphite like structures whereas Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) was observed to be grown uniformly on the surface.


Methods of study include two questionnaires and eight photographs of television characters used while interviewing sixty children, ages four and five. The data showed that the children actively selected the television programs they watched rather than watching at random. They watched television regularly and named the programs they watched. The children perceived a great amount of parental supervision in their viewing of television. Most children were able to understand the concepts of fantasy and reality, to distinguish between those concepts, and to apply them to specific television program characters and their actions. However, the five-year-olds showed a greater tendency to identify television program characters as make-believe.


Background: As an Indonesian traditional medicine, betel leaf is often use to stop nosebleed. An active substance in betel leaves which serves to stop the bleeding is tannin.
Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the effectivenes of the betel leaf ethanol extract gel shortened bleeding time after the revocation of decidous teeth.
Method : This reserach was conducted of the departement of dental nursing clinic, Health Polytechnic Denpasar. This study was experimental research design with completely randomized post test only control groug design. The total sample of 27 respondent were devided into a treatment group and two control groups. Anterior decidous teeth on the physiological loose grade 3 or 4 is extracted, then the tooth socket was applying by pure gel for group 1 to group 2, epinephrine gel and gel ethanol extract of betle leaf for group 3. The bleeding tim is calculated from first moment the blood out until ther is blood on filter paper that is placed on the tooth socket. Data was statiscally analyzed with description test and camparability test with One Way Anova.
Result : The result showed bleeding time of pure gel group was significantly diffrent among epinephrine group and the group of ethanol extract of betel leaf gel (p 0.05).
Conclusion : This means ethanol gel betel leaf extract can shorten bleeding after decidous tooth extraction and it is sugested that the use of gel ethanol extract of betel leaves to cope with bleeding after tooth extraction.


In this article,the impact of the structural parameters on technical performance of the car-orbit system on the automated production line of the whole spiral compact fluorescent lamps is researched by using orthogonal design.During the test range,a group of the optimized structural parameters of the car-orbit system is identified.On the basis,the structural parameters of the car-orbit system on actual conditions are deigned,and the curves of kinematics and dynamic properties are obtained by ADAMS.In the end,the optimal design and simulation analysis of virtual prototyping on the car-orbit system.


We report on numerical calculations of the Fano parameters characteristic of non-symmetric resonance profiles in the electron transport through a waveguide attached to an irregular cavity. The distribution of Fano parameters is calculated for this chaotic scattering system with preserved time-reversal symmetry. We note the role played by the parametrization of the background conductance in comparing random matrix theory predictions for the Fano parameters with numerical or experimental data. Our calculated distribution agrees well with random matrix theory predictions.


The surface heat transfer coefficient is obtained by the calculation of water-flowing in the second cooling zone of continuous casting; the parameters of this formula are determined by the engineering experiment methods. This paper adopts a new method-numerical calculation method to obtain these parameters. Firstly, the paper uses the method of solving inverse heat conduction problems to calculate the surface heat flux and the surface heat transfer coefficient. Secondly, by using the least square method, the parameters in the formula between the surface heat transfer coefficient and water-flowing are identified. Finally, a plant steel data is used to do some simulation experiments. The results of this simulation prove this numerical method feasibility and effectiveness.


The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) obtained six of the Amonix, Inc. multi-junction Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) systems in 2009. A description of the CPV systems, plant layout, and operating description is given. Data showing the power and that the systems have generated over 1,200 MWh of grid energy during the last 33 months are presented in the paper. An estimate is given of the net annual energy generated based upon the last 33 months of daily energy performance. Data is also presented showing the daily peak power divided by peak DNI and the energy performance during this period. The effect of shading is discussed and data are presented showing its effects on the annual field performance. Data are also given on the operating reliability and the long-term performance of the plant. A discussion and pictures are given of how the terrain is returning to its natural state and how the habitat has accepted the CPV systems.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Congrarulations to graduate students Lisa Timmerman and Cindy Schmidt, and to their advisor, Dr. Stephen Heater, for demonstrating their commitment to occupational therapy and its research. This oftignored domain, which provides the necessary underpinnings for hoth practice and education, deserves the kind of programs they recommend. We would like to take their ideas one step further and share with you some additional strategies now under consideration by the American Occupational Therapy Foundation's (AOTF) Research Advisory Council


Heat stress (HS) negatively affects animal productivity and welfare. The usage of wearable sensors to detect behavioral changes in ruminants undergoing HS has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate changes in sheep's behavior using a wearable sensor and explore how ambient temperature influenced the algorithm's capacity to classify behaviors. Six sheep (Suffolk, Dorset, or Suffolk × Dorset) were assigned to 1 of 2 groups in a cross-over experimental design. Groups were assigned to one of two rooms where they were housed for 20d prior to switching rooms. The thermal environment within the rooms was altered five times per period. In the first room, the temperature began at a thermoneutral level and gradually increased before decreasing. Simultaneously, in the second room, the temperature began at hot temperatures and gradually decreased before increasing again. Physiological responses (respiratory rate, heart rate, and rectal temperature) were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. A random forest algorithm was developed to classify lying, standing, eating, and ruminating (while lying and standing). Thermal stress shifted daily animal behavior budgets, increasing total time spent standing in hot conditions (p = 0.036). Although models had a similar capacity to classify behaviors within a temperature range, their accuracy decreased when applied outside that range. Although wearable sensors may help classify behavioral shifts indicative of thermal stress, algorithms must be robustly derived across environments.


Spin polarization of beta‐emitting fragment 23Mg(Iπ=3/2+, T1/2=11.3 s) produced through the projectile fragmentation process in 24Mg+Au, Cu, and Al collisions has been observed at 91 AMeV. General trend in the observed momentum dependence of polarization is reproduced well qualitatively by a simple fragmentation model based on the participant‐spectator picture, for heavy and light targets. However the polarization behavior differs from this model in terms of zero crossing momentum, which become prominent in the case of Cu target, where the polarization is not monotone function of the fragment momentum.


BACKGROUND: When intravenous (IV) steroids fail, severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is treated with cyclosporine, infliximab, or surgery. Currently, advanced heart failure is an absolute contraindication for tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists because of the risk of increased mortality and worsening heart failure (1,2). Cyclosporine may decrease myocardial reperfusion injury and improve left ventricular remodeling (3–8). We present a case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure whose severe colitis was treated successfully with cyclosporine. METHODS: A literature search was performed using multiple search engines (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL) for cases with ulcerative colitis and myocardial infarction as well as ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. RESULTS: A 58 year-old Haitian male with a past medical history of coronary artery disease with stents in 2001 and 2011 and history of UC, maintained on topical therapy for left-sided colitis, had a non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) requiring a drug-eluting stent. Shortly after, he noticed rectal bleeding and self stopped both aspirin and clopidogrel. Two weeks later, he had a STEMI with 100% occlusion and stent re-stenosis; angioplasty and thrombectomy were performed emergently. Post-procedure echocardiogram showed ejection fraction of 30% and severely reduced left ventricular contractility. He continued to have bloody diarrhea and was found to have elevated inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR) 71, C-reactive protein (CRP) 129.4). The patient failed a trial of 5-aminosalicylates. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was consistent with severe UC. He was started on IV steroids, metronidazole, and hydrocortisone foam; 1 week later, symptoms persisted and his hemoglobin dropped to 6.2. A computed tomography scan showed pancolitis. Additionally, there was a concern for sepsis as his white blood cell count (WBC) dropped below 1,000 necessitating filgrastim. Due to his heart failure, infliximab was not an option. The mortality risk associated with colectomy was assessed to be >50% given his recent MI. He was therefore started on IV cyclosporine 2 mg/kg for 7 days; a lower dose of cyclosporine was used because of the patient's low total cholesterol (102) and atorvastatin was held. Within 1 week, bowel movements were reduced to 3 per day, with less cramping, urgency, and tenesmus; inflammatory markers also improved (ESR 29, CRP 3.5). He was discharged on oral cyclosporine with a bridge to azathioprine. He is now 3 months post treatment and doing well. Repeat echocardiogram showed stable heart function and his WBC rose to normal and remained stable. Previous cases of UC and MI (9–14, Table 1) illustrate the various presentations, therapeutic options, and outcomes of similar patients. The only other case found in the literature of UC flare with STEMI and heart failure that was treated with cyclosporine required an emergent colectomy 2 weeks later (10). CONCLUSIONS: Options for treating severe UC in patients who are acutely post MI and with heart failure are limited. In this case, cyclosporine appeared to be a safer option than tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. Table. No title available. Figure. No caption available.


The collection of articles in this issue advance scholarship on Indigenous language ideologies and practices in important ways. By focusing on youth, the authors "counter" traditional ideologies about Indigenous languages and "encounter" a much more dynamic Indigenous bilingualism that has heretofore remained understudied. And by combining careful ethnography with interviews and longitudinal studies, the multiplicity, complexity and ambiguity of language attitudes and practices among Indigenous youth is attested. ...


Chomsky (2013, 2015) proposes that a label of a syntactic object is provided via minimal search, but the notion of "minimal search" has not been clarified, and there remains a question of how far it locates a head that provides a label. This article addresses this issue, proposing that only the structure being of the form {XP, YP} = {{X[F], WP}, {Y[F], ZP}} provides a label via feature-sharing. The proposed condition provides a unified account of freezing effects and wh-islands. The condition also predicts that there are no multiple-Spec configurations created by feature sharing, and hence this article re-examines constructions that have been analyzed in terms of multiple-Specs.


Cosmetic or dermatological composition characterized in that it comprises an association between an elastase inhibitor compound of the family of N-Acylaminoamides and at least one antifungal agent or at least one antibacterial agent.


Nuclei segmentation and classification have been a challenge in digital pathology due to the specific domain characteristics. First, annotating a large-scale dataset is quite consuming. It requires specific domain knowledge and large efforts. Second, some nuclei are clustered together and hard to segment from each other. Third, the classes are often extremely unbalanced. As in Lizard, the number of epithelial nuclei is around 67 times larger than the number of eosinophil nuclei. Fourth, the nuclei often exhibit high inter-class similarity and intra-class variability. Connective nuclei may look very different from each other while some of them share a similar shape with the epithelial ones. Last but not least, pathological patches may have very different color distributions among different datasets. Thus, a large-scale generally annotated dataset and a specially-designed algorithm are needed to solve this problem. The CoNIC challenge aims to promote the automatic segmentation and classification task and requires researchers to develop algorithms that perform segmentation, classification, and counting of 6 different types of nuclei with the large-scale annotated dataset: Lizard. Due to the 60-minute time limit, the algorithm has to be simple and quick. In this paper, we briefly describe the final method we used in the CoNIC challenge. Our algorithm is based on Hover-Net and we added several modifications to it to improve its performance.


Aim  Elevated circulating endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) has been demonstrated in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of plasma big ET‐1, the stable precursor of ET‐1, in cancer‐specific survival in patients having curative surgery for CRC.


Objective: To assess and compare the results of three different surgical procedures in congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) in children. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from January 1993 to January 1996 and from October 2002 to February 2004. The deformity was classified into 4 grades of severity according to modified Somppi classification. Depending upon the age and the severity of the deformity, 3 different operations were performed: Posterior release, Posteromedial release and Complete subtalar release. The results were rated according to the modified Turco criteria. The patients were followed up to 2 years after surgery. Results: Study included 38 feet of 30 patients (18 males,12 females) ranging in age from 4 months to 6 years. There were 10 excellent, 17 good, 6 fair and 5 failure results. The outcome of surgery was related with the grade of the deformity and the procedure employed. In grade II clubfeet the posterior release achieved good results. In grade III, posteromedial release and in grade IV complete subtalar release gave good results. Most of the good or excellent results were obtained in the younger age group. Conclusion: There is no single surgical procedure, which suits all the cases of CTEV. The best surgical procedure is tailored according to the age of the patient and the severity of the deformity. Best results regarding cosmetic and functional aspects, are achieved in the younger age group.


Imagine you were in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, there was not a soul you could depend on, and your life could only be saved by one person, a person you knew from college as a deceiving and untrustworthy human being. The reality and importance of this situation is evidently clear when considering trust in the life of a person, society, or the world, even if this story is fictional. Now, imagine you were airborne in a commercial airliner, negotiating altitude at the eye of a heavy storm. And, image your life depended on the knowledge and ability of the plane's captain, who had suffered a mild stroke and was unable to perform optimally. The co-captain, with less experience, immediately took over control of the faltering plane although with less predictable results. When considering this possibility, trust, again, represents the essence of continuing survival. Imagine once more that your welfare relied on the dedication and participation of poorly prepared health professionals and that you were not sure you were receiving the best health care. Imagine you could not accept their care if your life depended on it. Your future, suddenly and dramatically, becomes threatened and purposeless. Trust is missing! The previous examples reflect very clearly the far-reaching dimensions and overwhelming, encompassing effects of trust. Trust means to believe in the integrity and reliance of another. According to Webster's Dictionary, trust is "to have confidence in; to expect with assurance; to believe in someone in whom confidence is placed" [1]. Confidence, at the same time, is to have "certainty in the trustworthiness of another" [1]. Trust and confidence come from the same tree and represent the same family. They are basically the same word with a different wrapping. Confidence is "the assurance that someone will keep a secret" [1, 2]. How is it then that surgeons utilize trust in the evolving and changing relationships of their profession? How is it that surgeons cannot proceed further without the enduring presence of trust? How is it that surgeons cannot practice their art or science under trustless circumstances? The response is so evidently clear that an explanation appears to be hardly required and mostly redundant. Surgery and trust are synonymous with


Objective:To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus Saponin on macrophages and explore the mechanisms of its immunomodulation.Methods:By adding different concentrations of AS into cultured mice peritoneal macrophages,the influence of AS on synthesis of nitro oxide(NO)was observed by NO Kit(enzymic method).MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of macrophages induced by AS.The morphological changes of the macrophages were identified by Transmission Electron Microscope.LSCM and specificity fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM were applied to observe the change of Ca2+ in the macrophages induced by AS.Results:AS could significantly increase NO synthesis,enhance the capacity of mice peritoneal macrophages for cytotoxicity to carcinoma cells.The surface projections of the macrophages were exhibited multiplicating,thickening and extenting via Transmission Electron Microscope.Augmented intracellular Ca2+ in the macrophage was observed by LSCM.Conclusion:AS can enhance the immune functions of macrophages,the increase of intracellular Ca2+ be one of the mechanisms of its immunomodulatory effects.


The estimate of space seismic effect is a quite important aspect in engineering investigaion.Scine the set up of big TaiZhou City,city's size is expanding.Tall architectures and industrial agricultural architectures are more and more.To correctly analyze the seismic effect estimation has a most important meaning to the contruction and develepment to TaiZhou City.


A thermodynamic analysis of the PuUB ternary system has been carried out using the CALPHAD method. The formation energies of the boride phases MB2, MB4, MB12 of this system obtained from firstprinciples calculation were utilized to compensate for the lack of experimental information on the phase boundaries and thermodynamic properties of this system. The optimized thermodynamic parameters reproduced the characteristic features of binary phase diagrams quite well. The liquidus surface and isothermal sections were calculated. According to the calculated results, the liquidus temperature was raised with increasing B content.


Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) have become a problem of unparalleled proportion in the world today. It is estimated that there are about 250 millions orphans globally.The Sub-Saharan Africa has 14 million AIDS Orphans of whom 1.7 million live in Kenya. To alleviate this orphan problem, many initiatives have been started. This book is about institutionalised childcare, from an African context, in the face of HIV/AIDS. The work is borne of a Collaborative Action Research study carried out over a period of two years.Part of the work was submitted as MA Dissertation. The book will be useful to; scholars interested in Action Research; policy makers on child welfare;donors and stakeholders in childcare institutions; guardians and families with orphans; community based organisations and other community members who are keen on controlling their own development agenda and general practitioners in the field of family relations, child welfare and HIV/AIDS.


Snakebite is one of the important causes of mortality in our country. Anti-snake venom (ASV) is administered in the management of snake bite. In India polyvalent ASV is used. There is risk of anaphylactic reaction. It should be used cautiously with regard to its dose and adverse reactions. We are reporting few cases of adverse drug reaction due to ASV particularly in children.

Keywords: Anaphylactic Shock, Adverse drug reactions, Polyvalent ASV


A new neural network model for pattern classification based on the nearest neighbor method is presented. In this model, the training patterns were mapped to hidden neurons, but one hidden neuron may represent one or more training patterns. At the recognition stage, the distance to the training patterns were calculated in parallel by the hidden neurons. Therefore, the nearest neighbor can be found efficiently. Some experimental results on recognition of printed and hand-written numerals are given to evaluate the proposed model. Comparisons with the backpropagation learning algorithm are included.<<ETX>>


The surface morphology of 250-3000 nm thick As2S3 films vacuum deposited within 70-80° scale of vapor incidence angles is studied by AFM. It is observed that the surface relief of obliquely deposited films (ODF) shows quasi-regular grating-like structure, with the spatial frequency of quasi-gratings being in the 500-6000 mm range, and relief depth of up to 60 nm. The influence of the film thickness and the type of the substrate on the surface morphology is demonstrated. The most probable explanation for the observed surface effect is the near-surface stress that plays significant role in the self-organized ordering of nanostructures at the mesoscopic length scales (from several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers).


Conventional computers based on the von Neumann architecture are inefficient in parallel computing and self-adaptive learning, and therefore cannot meet the rapid development of information technology that needs efficient and high-speed computing. Due to the unique advantages such as high parallelism and ultralow power consumption, bioinspired neuromorphic computing can have the capability to break through the bottlenecks of conventional computers and is now considered as an ideal choice to realize the next-generation artificial intelligence. As the hardware carriers that allow implementing neuromorphic computing, neuromorphic devices are very critical in building neuromorphic chips. Meanwhile, the development of human visual systems and optogenetics also provide new insights into how to carry out the research of neuromorphic devices. The emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices feature the unique advantages of photonics and electronics, showing great potential in the neuromorphic computing field and attracting more and more attention of the scientists at at home and abroad. In view of these, the main purpose of this review is to disclose the recent advances of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices and the prospects of their practical applications. We first review the artificial optoelectronic synapses and neurons, including device structural features, working mechanism principles, neuromorphic simulation functions, and so on. Then, we exhibit and introduce the applications of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices particularly suitable for the fields involving artificial vision systems, artificial perception systems, neuromorphic computing etc. At last, we summarize the challenges the optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are currently facing, and disclose some perspectives about their development directions in the future.


Turkish mortgage system was established by the number of 5582 and the title of The Law Amending the Laws Related to Housing Finance System in 2007. Even though the entry into force of this Act expressed as "pay the rent as the landlord-performing", not bringing up short term of the interest rates of a housing loan was observed. In fact, mortgage application could not be branch out yet. Distinguishing feature of the mortgage system is to sell in the capital market by issuing mortgage-backed securities. Gained fund from this sale creates the mortgage money. Using this fund for financing provided by banks as a result of re-housing resource for the consumer to pay the cost of housing loan interest rate relatively goes into a decline. Meanwhile, after the abundance of finance in the world, the so-called subprime mortgage, loans to non-qualified borrower, triggered the world economic crisis occurred. It may well be that, Turkey was unimpressed by the crisis because of the not being set secondary mortgage market. All the public in charge of economy has introduced prevention of packages of measures.


Summary form only given. During the past years it has been demonstrated that femtosecond lasers are excellent tools for the microstructuring of solid materials. Here we report on our progress in the fabrication of submicrometer structures in 100-200 nm metal-coated surfaces by direct ablative writing with femtosecond laser pulses. Direct ablative writing on the target surface is of great practical importance e.g. for the production and repair of photolithographic masks, optical data storage, etc. We analyze how far one can go in an attempt to reduce the structure size using different laser parameters and optical systems. We identify the best regimes (optimum laser parameters, focusing and/or imaging geometry) for the fabrication of sub-micrometer structures in metal-coated surfaces. We demonstrate that the damage and ablation thresholds depend on the number of pulses which are used to produce a certain structure.


The text separated tin from the main part molybdenum oxide by using the iodination extraction method,alizarin red was used as colour developing agent,and the isoamyle alcohol extraction method was used to determinate microscale tin.The max peak of complex was chosen from many tests.Many experiments were made in order to know the influence of the acidity of colour developing,the volume of developer,the coexist ion and the stabilization period of the complex.The alizarin red was chosen as colour developing agent when determinating the tin.


Abstract : The Pacific Fleet Operational Status (OPSTAT) system reports combat readiness ratings (C-ratings) for each ship under eleven subresources covering personnel, supply, equipment and training. From these grades we determine an average unreadiness measure for the ships in the fleet. A second measure, average visible subresource unreadiness, indicates the difficulty of improving readiness. Based on these measures, a method is proposed for determining major problem areas. A recommended procedure is given for generating daily readiness reports. The application of these techniques is illustrated by an example.


The pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of heavy metals(Cd,Zn,and Ni) on the growth and heavy metals accumulation in celery(Apium graveolens) when grown in the arid oasis soil.The results showed that(1) Cd,Zn and Ni complex pollution stimulated growth of root and shoot of celery when in the set range of low concentration,but inhibited when concentration of Cd,Zn and Ni at a high level.(2) In the arid oasis soil,the accumulation of Cd,Zn,Ni by celery increased with the increase of Cd,Zn,Ni concentration in soils.(3) Cd was more mobile than either Zn,or Ni and migrated upwards easily in the arid oasis soil.The transportation sequence of three heavy metals in celery was:CdZnNi.Cd,Zn and Ni were distributed mainly on the root of celery.


Analisis Kontribusi Pajak Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Di Dinas Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Asaet Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Andi Afrizal, SE.M.Si,AK,CA 1), Hamdi Sri Maryoni, M.Ec.Dev2), Restu Yuliza Purnamasari3) email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze Contributions Against Local Tax Local Revenue at the Department of Finance and Asset Management in Rokan Hulu, during the timeframe of five (5) years from 2010-2014. Types and sources of data collected primary data, secondary data, research was conducted in the Department of Finance and Asset Management which is located in the District Government Offices Complex Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu. Data collection techniques used were interviews, documentation and keperpustakaan. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive method. Results were obtained that the amount of the contribution of local taxes to predict an increase in local revenues at the Department of Finance and Asset Management Rokan Hulu can be calculated using the formula with the research contribution of local taxes to local revenues during the five (5) years from 2010-2014 amounting to 27.17%. This means that the better the local tax revenue, there is a tendency that will increase revenue. The suggestions in this study specifically on the Department of Finance and Asset Management Rokan Hulu in order to further optimize the local tax explore all the potential of existing taxes in Rokan Hulu in order to increase local revenue, the leader must provide and foster technical capabilities in the field digging potensi- the potential that exists.


Hyperspectral remote sensing systems provide spectral data composed of hundreds of narrow spectral bands. Spectral remote sensing systems can be used to identify targets, for example, without physical interaction. Often it is of interested to characterize the spectral variability of targets or objects. The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize the LWIR spectral variability of targets based on an improved earth observing statistical performance model, known as the Forecasting and Analysis of Spectroradiometric System Performance (FASSP) model. FASSP contains three basic modules including a scene model, sensor model and a processing model. Instead of using mean surface reflectance only as input to the model, FASSP transfers user defined statistical characteristics of a scene through the image chain (i.e., from source to sensor). The radiative transfer model, MODTRAN, is used to simulate the radiative transfer based on user defined atmospheric parameters. To retrieve class emissivity and temperature statistics, or temperature / emissivity separation (TES), a LWIR atmospheric compensation method is necessary. The FASSP model has a method to transform statistics in the visible (ie., ELM) but currently does not have LWIR TES algorithm in place. This paper addresses the implementation of such a TES algorithm and its associated transformation of statistics.


The particle growth term renders hyperbolic the dynamic population balance equation. Problems associated with the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations with stationary grid methods are well known. Moreover in the common case of combined molecular particle growth and coagulation, the convolution integral of the coagulation terms makes the moving grid methods computationally intractable. To cope with practical problems, this work is focused on numerical solution methods, of the population balance equation, characterized by relatively small computational cost and fair accuracy - comparable to that of relevant experimental data. For this purpose, previous work on appropriate discretization of the coagulation terms is extended for the growth terms. Several numerical methods are systematically evaluated and further extended. Recommendations are made concerning the best method, by taking into account the nature of the problem, the prevailing physical conditions, and the main quantity of...


NRF2 is a master transcriptional regulator that integrates cellular stress responses and is negatively regulated by KEAP1 at the posttranslational level. In human cancers, aberrantly stabilized NRF2. either by mutation of NRF2 or KEAP1, plays a vital role in chemoresistance and tumor cell growth through the transcriptional activation of target genes, suggesting that targeted inhibition of NRF2 is a potential therapy for NRF2-stabilized tumors. Some tumorsuppressing microRNAs (miRNAs) target multiple oncogenes concurrently and therefore may be useful as cancer therapeutic agents. Further, such miRNAs may be useful to address chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer, which remains a primary clinical challenge in need of solutions. Thus, cytoprotective processes upregulated in cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy are a logical target for investigation. By using a reporter-coupled miRNA library screening, we have recently identified four miRNAs (miR-507, -634, -450a, and - 129-5p) that negatively regulate the NRF2 activity by directly targeting. Importantly, downregulation of these miRNAs, in addition to the somatic mutation of NRF2 or KEAP1, is associated with stabilized NRF2 and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Interestingly, we found that overexpression of miR-634 activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by direct concurrent targeting of genes associated with mitochondrial homeostasis, antiapoptosis, and autophagy, together with NRF2-mediated antioxidant ability. In particular, we showed how enforced expression of miR-634 enhanced chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in a model of ESCC, where resistance to chemotherapy remains clinically problematic. Our findings illustrate how reversing miRNA-mediated cytoprotective processes may offer a broadly useful approach to improving cancer therapy. (Cancer Res. 75 3890-3901 2015, Mol Cancer Res. 12 58-68 2014)


ABSTRACT Most studies on genomic selection in plant breeding compare different statistical methods of univariate approach. However, multi-trait methodologies should be considered since they allow the simultaneous selection of superior genotypes in several economic traits. Here, the aims were to compare the selection accuracy and efficiency of the multivariate partial least square (MPLS) method compared with random regression best linear unbiased predictor (rrBLUP), Bayesian Lasso (Blasso) and univariate partial least square (UPLS) and to develop genomic selection indexes efficient for superior genotypes identification in plant breeding. Ten F2 populations with 800 individuals were simulated, considering four traits with different heritabilities. Genomic selection analyses using rrBLUP, Blasso, UPLS, and MPLS were conducted. Four genomic selection indexes were elaborated by the sum of the marker effects obtained for each trait, weighted by the respective residual variance. Multi-trait indexes were developed based on the assumptions of each methodology mentioned (rrBLUP, Blasso, UPLS, and MPLS), and were denominated I-rrBLUP, I-Blasso, I-UPLS, and I-MPLS. Processing time, selective accuracy, selection gains, and selection coincidence were used to compare the methods and the selection indexes proposed. The MPLS method had similar results compared to UPLS method for the low heritability traits and was less efficient than the rrBLUP and Blasso. The genome selection indexes provided the highest total genetic gains. The I-rrBLUP and I-MPLS indexes stood out for high efficiency in selecting superior genotypes in the shortest processing time. Results suggest that the genomic selection indexes proposed in this study may be promising for plant breeding programs.


Background—Current guidelines recommend abciximab as the preferred agent for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, yet small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are more commonly used in clinical practice. The objective of our meta-analysis was to evaluate for differences in clinical outcome between small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and abciximab in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results—Five randomized trials (n=2138 patients) comparing tirofiban or eptifibatide with abciximab as an adjunctive therapy to primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included in this meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) for 30-day death, reinfarction, and major bleeding were calculated using random- and fixed-effect models. There were no differences in 30-day mortality (1.9% for small molecule versus 2.3% for abciximab; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.55; P=0.58), reinfarction (1.3% versus 1.2%; OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.51 to 2.91; P=0.69), or major bleeding (1.7% versus 1.3%; OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.49; P=0.61) between the 2 adjunctive strategies. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death (3.9% versus 5%; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.46; P=0.43) or reinfarction on follow-up at 8 months between small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and abciximab. Conclusion—In patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, no difference in outcome could be identified in patients treated with small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor or abciximab.


Vision is the process discovered from images related to the fact that what is there in the world and where it is. Problems related to the vision are tackled in the taxonomy of image processing under image segmentation. Edge detection is the process which deals with the images that contain noise, imprecise data, blur image. Basically edge detection is locating and identifying sharp discontinuities in the intensity of image. This paper contains a survey of techniques used in edge detection and makes a comparison between different edge detectors using neural network, fuzzy logic and neuro fuzzy system.


The article presents an analysis of the passenger airliner market and an assessment of its development prospects in the context of macroeconomic instability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Russian Federation is working to create a national aviation industry, which was significantly lost after the collapse of the USSR. The SSJ-100 midrange passenger airliner has been developed and mass-produced, and the newest MS-21 passenger airliner is undergoing flight tests. Operation of the SSJ-100 liner has proved its effectiveness. The leading national airline Aeroflot operates 49 SSJ-100 units. Other domestic operators are Gazpromavia, Yakutia, Yamal, IrAero, and Azimut airlines. The cost of SSJ-100 and MS-21 is significantly lower compared to foreign competitors. Based on the analysis of the global passenger air transportation market in 2014 and forecasts up to 2034, the segment of short-and medium-range air routes from 500 to 5000 km is the most popular. National airlines operate foreign-made aircraft (European Union, USA, Brazil, Canada). At the same time, the average age of the national airline fleet is extremely high. The data provided by airlines from France, Italy and the United States shows that these states are implementing support measures aimed at stimulating the demand of domestic aircraft manufacturers. The development of state support measures for national airlines operating the SSJ-100 and MS-21 Airliners contributes to the development of the national civil aircraft industry in conditions of macroeconomic instability.


The research seminar of the Javeriana University Faculty of Nursing has it starting point at the early 1980's when the professors then in charge of the students education questioned themselves about the foundations of Nursing as a professional activity, its field of study, the approach methods and the several theoretical streams on which the professional labour and the disciplinary body relied on, these aspects becoming the leading axis in the continuous reflection that has characterized this area. As a pedagogic experience, it has become a tradition within the Faculty that has enriched teaching practice, brought feedback to the educational processes and also contributed to professional development from a research perspective. This article intends to answer the following questions pointing out the most relevant aspects of the process: What is the research seminar? How has it developed? What are its accomplishments and limitations? What is its current state? What are the arisen challenges?.


This program has been conducted to evaluate commercially available water base foams for mitigating the vapors from hazardous chemical spills. Foam systems were evaluated in the laboratory to define those foam properties which are important in mitigating hazardous vapors. Larger scale tests were then conducted in a 3 m x 3 m pan. Polar and nonpolar liquids and liquefied gases were used as test materials. Protein, fluoroprotein, alcohol and aqueous film forming foams were tested at low expansion ratios and surfactant foam agents at low, medium and high expansion ratios. The chemicals tested were acetone, n-butyl acetate, di-ethyl ether, n-octane, triethylamine, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, cyclohexane, propane, ethylene, butadiene, ammonia, chlorine, ethylene oxide, hydrogen fluoride and sulfur trioxide.


The dimethyl ester of the green marine pigment, bonellin, has been synthesized in racemic form by a rational photochemical route. The two propionate residues of this biologically active pigment have been introduced synthetically in differentiated form which opens the way to the synthesis of the naturally occurring amino acid derivatives of bonellin.


The A. compares the Romanian ballad Mioriţa (Lamb) with its Hungarian variant about a murdered mountain shepherd. While the first part of the paper deals with the theoretical aspect of the ballad research its second part focuses on the Hungarian variant of this Romanian ballad which had doubtlessly became incorporated into the Hungarian folk tradition by way of Moldavia.


Mice with SCID disease have previously been successfully engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from normal individuals and from patients with various diseases. To determine whether SCID mice engrafted with SLE PBMC produced autoantibodies with specificities similar to those in the SLE donor, and to investigate which variables influence autoantibody production in the SCID recipients, we injected PBMC from 16 SLE patients into SCID mice and tested the recipients for autoantibodies to DNA and to five recombinant autoantigens. Ten out of 16 (68%) lupus and six out of nine (67%) normal grafts were successful as determined by the presence of human IgG ± 5 μg/ml of SCID serum post‐transfer. Autoantibodies to La/SSB, Ro/SSA, and RNP were detected in five out of 10 SCID‐SLE recipients by ELISA and immunoblotting up to 22 weeks post‐engraft men I. The detection of autoantibodies in SCID‐SLE mice was more closely related to autoantibody levels in donor sera than to total IgG concentrations in the SCID recipients. Autoantibody activity/mg IgG was similar in the donor and recipient sera. Histological evaluation of eight SCID‐SLE mice killed 4–22 weeks post‐transfer revealed population of the SCID thymus and spleen with mononuclear cells, but no evidence of lupus nephritis or dermatitis. These findings indicate that SCID mice can be engrafted with PBMC from patients with lupus and that specific autoantibodies are produced up to 5 months post‐transfer. Failure to develop glomerulonephritis may be explained by low or absent anti‐DNA antibodies or by changes in the cellular composition of the PBMC grafts.


Localized in vivo NMR spectroscopy allows to characterize the metabolic status of tissue and to study metabolic changes and metabolic pathways. Thus it is possible to improve the basic biochemical and biomedical understanding and to support diagnostic decisions. The current advances in high-field NMR spectroscopy, both for single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) could only be achieved by combining the progress made in different areas: 1. the availability of modern high-field MR systems with improved hardware components, 2. a large number of advances in MR methodology, 3. improved and accelerated adjustments applied prior to measurements, 4. optimized data processing and quantification methods. It is the aim of this contribution to outline briefly the potentials of high-field NMR spectroscopy, the current major problems and challenges, and future improvements required. While there are several general aspects of high-field NMR spectroscopy, it is necessary to consider specific problems for animal or human high-field systems, and for different nuclei. Since the majority of spectroscopic high-field measurements are 1 H studies, this contribution will primarily focus on proton MRS and MRSI, although many consideration are also valid for other nuclei such as 31 P or 13 C.


A major challenge for most traditional background subtraction algorithms is how to suppress the background dynamics. In order to deal with the disambiguation of image motion induced by the background dynamics and image motion influenced by the truly moving objects,while guaranteeing the detection accuracy,observable pixels are allowed to match codebooks of their neighboring pixels,and therefore neighboring codebooks can share with each other. With the help of the improvement,the new codebook algorithm eliminates the false positives largely without unreasonably raising the false negative rate. Experimental results validate the proposed algorithm.


Background
The promise of precision oncology only can be realized when genetic alterations are identified that can be lever-aged to improve response and minimize toxicity. Identifying those alterations as efficiently as possible and then giving patients access to targeted therapy and clinical study requires a comprehensive strategy across health care systems.

Observations
The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Prostate Cancer Foundation have established a network of VA centers to help develop best practices for precision oncology for the treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer. This article describes the genesis and structure of this network and its potential for contributing to care and research in the VA and the health care system as a whole.

Conclusions
The Precision Oncology Program for Cancer of the Prostate network and its partnership with VA clinical and research efforts is anticipated to provide important insights into barriers and solutions to the implementation of precision oncology for prostate cancer across the VA.


Highly efficient and air-stable inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) were fabricated from solution-processed non-conjugated polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) as the polyelectrolyte, a zinc oxide (ZnO) bilayer as the electron transport layer, and an active layer of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). When compared to conventional ZnO thin film devices, the incorporation of ZnO with nano-ridge structures (ZnO-R) and large interfacial areas, in addition to low leakage currents, led to an enhancement in power conversion efficiency from 7.41% to 8.38%. Furthermore, the presence of a thin PEIE layer between ITO and ZnO-R not only suppressed the formation of an oxygen deficient state at the ZnO-R surface, but also improved charge carrier mobilities and prevented leakage currents. Consequently, a maximum (average) efficiency of 8.91% (8.86%) and superior air stability with approximately 65% of the initial efficiency being retained after 326 days of storage under ambient atmosphere were achieved.


The paper will start with a brief review of the history of subharmonic emssions from bubbles driven into oscillation by a sound afield. The peculiar nature of subharmonic oscillations as opposed to other manifestations of non-linearity will then be explained and the effects of damping will be illustrated. A few recent applications of subharmonic oscillations of bubbles will then be reviewed.


A compound of the general formula in which A-A is -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O- or -O-CH2-; X is hydrogen or hydroxy; R1 is aryl or heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents chosen from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halogen and trifluoromethyl; R2 is aryl or heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halogen and trifluoromethyl, or is C1-6 alkyl, - (CH2) n-cycloalkyl, - (CH2) n-CF3, - (CH2) pO-C1-6 alkyl, - (CH2) 1,2-phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, or trifluoromethyl, or is - ( CH2) p-NR''R ", in which R '' and R" together with the N atom form a heterocyclic ring, chosen from the group consisting of piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholine ; R3, R4 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R5 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or benzyl; R6 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; nes the number 0, 1 or 2; and p is the number 2 or 3; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.


India remained the largest milk producing country in 2007-08 with a share close to 15 percent of world milk production. However, a combination of factors, led by high GDP growth in particular has led to a rapid increase in the domestic demand for milk. Producer prices for milk continued to increase leading to a corresponding rise in consumer prices. Not only increasing urbanization means greater consumerism, but with the rapid spread of the modern communication systems like television in the rural areas and ever increasing emphasis on advertisements, the consumption pattern for dairy products is rapidly changing all over the country. India is positioning first in the production of milk. Milk processing organizations in India have tremendous potential in dairy industry sector. Dairy sector has ample potential to create opportunities in the field of export of milk products, production of milk and milk products. In light of this the study is conducted in Kolhapur District, one of the districts in which Operation Flood Programme was implemented. The dairy units in Kolhapur are involved in processing and packaging of the buffalo milk and producing the milk products as Shrikhand, Milk Powder, Ghee, Paneer, Cheese etc.


Abstract:Lady Brett Ashley in The Sun Also Rises has been heavily criticized for her treatment of the male characters in the novel. Her changeable affections and reluctance to commit to stable relationships have frequently been discussed in terms of the harm her behavior inflicts on men, however little has been done to explore what it reveals about Brett herself. This article moves focus away from the wounded male egos to the social factors which underlie Brett's flirtatious behavior, unpacking the trauma which informs her desire to avoid committed romantic relationships and questioning whether the male characters' disappointed desires are always reasonable ones.


This study was conducted to identify predictors of adolescent substance use. Eightysevenjunior high school students completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Adolescent Family Life Satisfaction Index, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and the Michigan Alcohol and Other Drug School Survey. When examining self-esteem. adolescent family life satisfaction. and perceived parenting style. it was found that the authoritarian father parenting style was the best predictor of total adolescent substance use and, more specifically, tobacco use. Self-esteem and the authoritarian father parenting style were found to be the best predictors of adolescent alcohol use. Furthermore, the authoritarian father parenting style was significantly correlated with alcohol use, other drug use and total drug use. Lastly, self-esteem was found to be significantly negatively correlated with total substance use, tobacco use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and amphetamine use. Subjects in this study reported wide use of drugs, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, amphetamines, and inhalants. There were significant differences between male and female students' use of substances. Males were more likely to use tobacco and inhalants, while females were more likely to use marijuana A significant difference between parents' marital status and substance use was also found. Adolescents from intact homes were less likely to engage in tobacco use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and overall substance use than were adolescents from divorced homes. Limitations, practical applications, and future directions of this study


A combined filtration-reverse-osmosis water recovery system has been evaluated to determine its capability to reclaim domestic wash water for reuse as a commode water supply. The system produced water that met all chemical and physical requirements established by the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water with the exception of carbon chloroform extractables, methylene blue active substances, and phenols. It is thought that this water is of sufficient quality to be reused as commode supply water. The feasibility of using a combined filtration and reverse-osmosis technique for reclaiming domestic wash water has been established. The use of such a technique for wash-water recovery will require a maintenance filter to remove solid materials including those less than 1 micron in size from the wash water. The reverse-osmosis module, if sufficiently protected from plugging, is an attractive low-energy technique for removing contaminants from domestic wash water.


The goal of this paper is to present a set of criteria for comparison of program languages and give arguments for their selection. With their help The Python language is compared with its competitors for different applications. As a result a methodology for the selection of a program language is developed, based on multi-criteria analysis. The contribution is the developed methodology and the fact that it is universal by nature and can be used for the selection of a different set of languages, criteria and weights.


A BREAKDOWN in communication between district nurses and other health professionals played a part in the death of a pensioner, a south London trust has admitted.


Lysine acetylation is a post‐translational modification that alters the charge, conformation, and stability of proteins. Published lists of acetylated proteins, or acetylomes, in bacteria have demonstrated that lysine acetylation occurs on proteins with a wide diversity of function, including central metabolism, DNA transcription and binding, chemotaxis, and cell size. Bacillus subtilis is a non‐pathogenic soil bacterium, and model organism for sporulation, motility, biofilm formation, and general multicellular development. The genetic regulation of these processes has been extensively studied, thus, we aimed to investigate the role of lysine acetylation in multicellular development (or biofilm formation) in B. subtilis. To further investigate acetylation, we generated an acetylome under biofilm‐inducing conditions and identified acetylated proteins involved in multicellularity; specifically, swarming and biofilm formation. Upon deletion of known genes for acetylation, cells had significantly slower swarming kinetics and a significantly smaller final swarming radius compared to wildtype. This suggests that acetylation impacts bacterial swarming. Biofilm is a mixture of cells and secreted matrix consisting of exopolysaccharides, proteins, and nucleotides that assists bacterial communities in colonization and survival. Genetic analysis of acetylation in biofilm formation demonstrated that lack of acetylation impacts biofilm development as shown by a decrease in matrix production. Targeting the acetylated biofilm proteins, we performed site‐directed mutagenesis of known acetylated lysine residues and assayed for biofilm formation. Two biofilm proteins, YmcA, a biofilm regulatory protein, and GtaB, an enzyme for biosynthesis of a precursor sugar for exopolysaccharides, demonstrated severe biofilm defects upon mutation of lysine residues. This suggests the importance of YmcA Lys64 and GtaB Lys89 and Lys191 for function in biofilm formation. In summary, we believe that protein lysine acetylation is a novel regulatory mechanism linking cell metabolism to bacterial multicellular development.


We present a streamlined theory of session types based on a simple yet general and expressive formalism whose main eatures are semantically characterized and where each design choice is semantically justified. We formally define the semantics of session types and use it to devise the subsessioning relation. We give a coinductive characterization of subsessioning and describe algorithms to decide all the key relations defined in the article. We demonstrate the generality and expressive power of our framework by providing a session-based type system for a pi-calculus variant that does not rely on any specialized construct for session-based communication. The type system is shown to guarantee absence of communication errors and global progress.


Abstract Over the last 200 years, ordinary concrete has evolved from four basic ingredient materials (gravel, sand, cement, and water) to multicomponent complex composites. The number and variety of the additives, admixtures, non-conventional aggregates, fillers, and fibres currently used for concrete production have continued to grow rapidly. Regrettably, the methods for de-signing concrete mixes have not evolved at a similarly fast pace. Keeping the above facts in mind, the authors utilised a principal component analysis (PCA) to design modern concrete mixes. As an initial approach, 550 cast and tested concrete mixes were analysed. The main aim of the presented study was to prove the usefulness of the PCA methodology for the fast classification of concrete mix compositions. The acquired knowledge should be useful for the effective design of multicomponent modern concrete mixes.


Abstract A novel technique was employed to obtain electrical measurements of the high speed switching characteristics of small, discrete, SBT ferroelectric capacitors in response to applied pulses. Switching speed and polarization were directly measured as a function of applied amplitude, pulse width, rise time, and capacitor area. Two different ferroelectric film thicknesses were studied: 175 nm and 240 nm. Measurements were performed using off-wafer circuitry and applied pulses with rise times as fast as 2 ns and pulse widths as narrow as 10 ns on capacitors as small as 4 μm2. A hysteresis loop was also obtained using a 20 MHz driving signal.


While the metallocene catalysts were widely used to produce the metallocene polypropylenes (mPP) in other countries, the traditional Ziegler-Natta catalyst has still been dominantly employed for manufacturing the polypropylenes (PP) in our country at current time. The property of the mPP appears more improved than that of the PP produced by the Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and the market demand for the mPP is worldwidely increasing every year. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the metallocene catalysts for the industrial use in domestic companies. The metallocene catalysts are of versatile structures, which are able to show more exact control over the propylene polymerization activity and the polypropylene stereostructures than the Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and thus catalyze to generate new PPs of the diverse structures. This manuscript will give a detailed summary on the metallocene catalysts so far reported. The important factors such as temperature, propylene pressure, catalyst concentration, cocatalyst types and so on will be illustrated, which all have significant influence on the catalytic reaction activity. The reaction mechanism will be discussed as well.


A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of face to core proportion of particles on the mechanical and physical properties of oriented particleboard produced from Ethiopian highland bamboo (Yushania alpina). Three-layered oriented particleboards were manufactured from 4 face to core particle proportions at 750 kg/m3 target density. Urea formaldehyde resin (10%) was used as a binder. Strength and dimensional stability performances of all boards were assessed based on ISO standards. The results showed that the Modulus of rupture (MOR) and Modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased by 23 to 34 per cent and 9 to 20 per cent respectively, with an increase of fine particles at face layer from 20 per cent to 25 per cent and 30 per cent. A further increase of the ratio beyond 30 percent at face layer could not improve MOR and MOE. Decreasing core layer ratios below 50 per cent resulted in the improvement of internal bond (IB) strength. Higher surface screw withdrawal resistances were obtained for boards made with 25 per cent and 30 per cent fine particles at face layers. On the other hand, edge screw withdrawal resistance showed an increasing trend with increase of IB strength. Increase in fine particles proportion from 20 per cent to 25 per cent and to 30 per cent reduced thickness swelling by 11 and 21 per cent, respectively. However, further increase to 40 per cent increased the thickness swelling significantly. According to the results, bamboo boards made with the ratio efface to core particle being 30:40:30 have highly improved properties than others. Generally, Y. alpina culms are suitable raw material for the production of high performance regular purpose particleboards.


When a fixed-time test is used to demonstrate the mean time between failures (MTBF) of a system containing redundancy, the alpha and beta risks vary as a function of MTBF and also as a function of the percentage of redundancy within the system and the number of systems being tested. An algorithm is presented for calculating the probability of zero to five system failures during a fixed-time reliability demonstration test for a system containing redundancy. The probability equations are developed as a function of MTBF, test time, and the percentage of redundancy within the system. Of particular note is the increased beta risk occurring when the MTBF demonstration consists of two or more systems containing redundancy.<<ETX>>


cautious as to the hands in which they would place it. If asked to indicate any part of the work more specially practical and appropriate, we should perhaps name the second chapter of Part II., one in which are pointed out the multifarious ramifications of a gigantic and loathsome but ill-understood evil (solitary indulgence), and judicious methods of prevention and cure set forth. Mr. Acton more than once, and very appositely, quotes the words of that good bishop of our


Lightweight structural armor designs consist of multiple layers of ceramic, composite materials, metallic foams and other materials. Under ballistic impacts, the propagation of stress waves through the thickness is of interest to designers. It is recognized that events occurring during the early stages of the impact determine how well the armor will resist it. Extensive finite element analyses have been performed and a few publications have shown that capering the essential features of this problem numerically can be difficult. In this article, an exact solution is presented for analyzing the one-dimensional impact of a foreign object against a multi-layered structure. The approach is simple, it leads to a better understanding of the physics of the problem, and provides results that are difficult to duplicate numerically.


The article presents data conflictological analysis of protest events in Mineralniye Vodi in 2014. Conflict analyzed in accordance with the methodology of conflict analysis, including the study of the prerequisites of conflict causes and conflict, the role of the state in resolving the conflict, the event-analysis (a study of the chronology of the conflict), activity analysis in social media (digital accompanied by conflict), the major electronic media spreading information about the conflict, the study of the outcome of the conflict.


In a recent paper an equivalence was demonstrated between a certain stochastic optimal control problem and a linear-quadratic game. In this note it is pointed out that a more general equivalence exists which has an interesting form.


Having read with interest and profit David Schaefer's book on Rawls, Justice or Tyranny?, I was disappointed to see James Fishkin refer readers elsewhere in his recent review of that book. He charges Schaefer with "missing the point" of Rawls' "thought experiment" of the original position. As I read Schaefer, however, his point was that such a thought experiment was misconceived, for reasons he argued out at some length and in the context of a thorough comparison of Rawls' original position with the "state of nature" as developed by Hobbes and Locke. Schaefer understood perfectly well what Rawls was doing; he thought it was mistaken, and in so arguing gave a penetrating analysis of the issues involved. Fishkin seems to be like some students I know, who do not believe anyone "gets the point" of what they are saying unless he or she agrees with what they say. Schaefer also supposedly misses the point that Rawls is neither simply a utilitarian nor simply an egalitarian. While Fishkin is correct about Rawls, nonetheless that certainly does not preclude what he thinks it precludes—that in some important respects, Rawls "accepts the Benthamite perspective," and that his position is heavily weighted towards equality, even though the "difference principle" might allow a good deal of inequality. Fishkin's summary dismissal of Schaefer's book is unfortunate, not only because it is based on such inadequate grounds, but also because Schaefer's book is a most spirited and thoughtful attack on Rawls' position. I would reverse Fishkin's advice and refer all readers interested in Rawls to Schaefer's discussion.


. Aerobic composting is the process of humification of organic matter, which produces a large amount of humus, and humic acid (HA) is one of the main components of humus. Ultraviolet-visible, infrared, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, combined with electrochemical methods, have been used to explore the changes in the structure and electron transfer ability of HA, which provide scientific evidence that compost products enter the soil. The results showed that during the first stage of fermentation, the polysaccharides, proteins, fats, and lignin in the HA are continuously decomposed, and that the degradation rates of the humus-like substances are greater than their generation rates, resulting in a decrease in their electron transfer capacity. Later, as the content of humus-like substances in the organic matter of HA increased, the content of aromatic substances such as quinones and phenols increased, and the degree of aromatization, humification, and stabilization increased, humification can accelerate the formation of redox-active substances in composting, and ultimately lead to the enhancement of electron transfer capacity.


Background/Aim: Advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, but highly aggressive malignancy, and its prognostic factors need to be further explored. We examined socioeconomic factors' predictive effect for survival performance in stage IV ATC patients. Materials and Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we collected 1,048 cases with stage IV anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) from 2004 to 2015. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Median family income showed a significant effect on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in univariate analysis. Median family income level was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS after multivariate adjustment Multivariate analysis for CSS showed similar results. Conclusion: Family income level is an independent prognostic factor for stage IV ATC.


By constructing $d_{x^2-y^2}-d_{z^2}$ two-orbital models from first principles, we have obtained a systematic correlation between the Fermi surface warping and the evaluated $T_c$ for various bilayer as well as single-layer cuprates. This reveals that smaller mixture of the $d_{z^2}$ orbital component on the Fermi surface leads to both of larger Fermi surface warping and higher $T_c$. The theoretical correlation strikingly resembles a systematic plot for the experimentally observed $T_c$ against the Fermi surface warping due to Pavarini {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 047003 (2001)], and the present result unambiguously indicates that the $d_{z^2}$ mixture is a key factor that determines $T_c$ in the cuprates.


A research paper on some of the biggest controversies in the field of science and theoretical physics. This includes attempts on finding new scientific discoveries and research on the field itself as well as what is Quantum Field Theory.


Introduction to Polymers History of Polymers Why Polymers? Today's Marketplace Environmental Assessment Managing Sustainability Polymer Structure (Morphology) Stereochemistry of Polymers Molecular Interactions Polymer Crystals Amorphous Bulk State Polymer Structure-Property Relationships Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations Cross-Linking Molecular Weight of Polymers Introduction Solubility Average Molecular Weight Values Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems Chromatography Colligative Molecular Weights Light-Scattering Photometry Other Techniques Viscometry Naturally Occurring Polymers Polysaccharides Cellulose Cellulose-Regenerating Processes Esters and Ethers of Cellulose Starch Other Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic Acids Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes Lignin Melanins Polymer Structure Genetic Engineering DNA Profiling Asphalt Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions) Comparison between the Polymer Type and the Kinetics of Polymerization Introduction Stepwise Kinetics Polycondensation Mechanisms Polyesters and Polycarbonates Synthetic Polyamides Polyimides Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers Polyurethanes and Polyureas Polysulfides Polyethers Polysulfones Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones Phenolic and Amino Plastics Synthetic Routes Liquid Crystals Microfibers Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Chain Growth Polymerization-General Cationic Polymerization Anionic Polymerization Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis Polyethylenes Polypropylene Polymers from 1,4-Dienes Polyisobutylene Metathesis Reactions Zwitterionic Polymerization Isomerization Polymerization Precipitation Polymerization Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Chain Transfer Polymerization Techniques Fluorine-Containing Polymers Polystyrene Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization Plasma Polymerization Copolymerization Kinetics of Copolymerization The Q-e Scheme Commercial Copolymers Block Copolymers Graft Copolymers Elastomers Blends Polymer Mixtures-IPNS and Alloys Dendrites Ionomers Fluoroelastomers Nitrile Rubber Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers EPDM Rubber Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers Introduction Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms Condensation Organometallic Polymers Coordination Polymers Addition Polymers Inorganic Polymers Introduction Portland Cement Other Cements Silicates Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) Sol-Gel Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)-Quartz Forms Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips Asbestos Polymeric Carbon-Diamond Polymeric Carbon-Graphite Internal Cyclization-Carbon Fibers and Related Materials Carbon Nanotubes Bitumens Carbon Black Polysulfur Ceramics High-Temperature Superconductors Zeolites Reactions of Polymers Reactions with Polyolefines and Polyenes Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups Degradation Cross-Linking Reactivities of End Groups Supramolecules and Self-Assembly Transfer and Retention of Oxygen Nature's Macromolecular Catalysts Photosynthesis Mechanisms of Energy Absorption Breakage of Polymeric Materials Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers Spectronic Characterization of Polymers Surface Characterization Amorphous Region Determinations Thermal Analysis Thermal Property Tests Flammability Electrical Properties: Theory Electric Measurements Weatherability Optical Properties-Tests Chemical Resistance Rheology and Physical Tests Rheology Typical Stress-Strain Behavior Stress-Strain Relationships Specific Physical Tests Additives Fillers Reinforcements Nanocomposites Plasticizers Antioxidants Heat Stabilizers Ultraviolet Stabilizers Flame Retardants Colorants Curing Agents Antistatic Agents-Antistats Chemical Blowing Agents Compatibilizers Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers Polymer Technology Polymer Processing Secondary Structures-Mesophases Fibers Elastomers Films and Sheets Polymeric Foams Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and Laminates Molding Casting Extrusion Coatings Adhesives Conductive Polymeric Materials Drug Design and Activity Synthetic Biomedical Polymers Dental Materials Emerging Polymers Green Materials Appendix A: Structures of Common Polymers Appendix B: Syllabus Appendix C: American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements Appendix D: Comments on Health Appendix E: ISO 9000 and 14000 Appendix F: Symbols Appendix G: Web Information Index A Summary, a Glossary, Exercises, and Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.


Independent energy house become an important for modern housing now a day. Solar energy is one of the renewable and sustainable energy. Optimization Solar energy can be done by considering how long the sun light can directly on solar cells. Optimizing solar cells performance needs to be done, to increase the amount of stored electricity. In addition to the direction of sunlight, the weather also directly affects the performance of solar cells. The result of the direction, it has an effect on the building shape, facade and the room order, so the building will have a shape that according to function. Form follows function is effectively for adjusting room space. This Residential building will be appropriate with urban context, especially in city of Malang. Form follows function, the way to find sustainable house and independent energy house for residential house design. The design plan of Independent energy home with form follows function approach will be done in Malang city.


Race, in particular the peculiarly American embrace of political race-consciousness, is often portrayed as an important source of limitations on American political development. Although the color line has undergirded some of the most notorious instances of state repression in American history—the pre-civil rights South most notably, but also race-based immigration and citizenship restrictions and the FBI's COINTELPRO operations of the cold war era, to name a few—race is most commonly associated with state weakness through its effects on such processes as regional differentiation, class formation, and welfare state building.V. O. Key Jr., Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949); Richard Franklin Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Rogers M. Smith, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997); Desmond King, Making Americans: Immigration, Race, and the Origins of the Diverse Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000); David J. Garrow, The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.: From "Solo" to Memphis (New York: W.W. Norton, 1981); Richard Franklin Bensel, Sectionalism and American Political Development: 1880–1980 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984); Ira Katznelson, City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States (New York: Pantheon, 1981); Robert C. Lieberman, Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998). These accounts fit nicely into conventional approaches to American political development, which similarly emphasize the peculiar weakness and fragmentation of the American state.Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982); Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985); James A. Morone, The Democratic Wish: Popular Participation and the Limits of American Government (New York: Basic Books, 1990).


The utility model discloses a straight-line mechanical water feeding device which is installed on the portion of the water inlet of a water cavity inside a coating soaking machine. The straight-line mechanical water feeding device comprises a water inlet pipe. The water inlet pipe is provided with an automatic water inlet valve and a water inlet control device controlling the automatic water inlet valve. The water inlet control device comprises a stepping motor driving the automatic water inlet valve, and a liquid level sensor arranged in the water cavity. The liquid level sensor senses water level signals, the stepping motor controls the automatic water inlet valve to inject water to the water cavity, and therefore automatic water feeding is achieved, and the labor intensity is effectively lowered.


Rescue operations in most disasters are heavily dependent on accurate situational awareness. Having accurate and complete information is the key for making good decisions. A large amount of such information is contextual, that is, it is variable and needs to be taken from the disaster scenario by different means. While "Be safe! Stay away! Let professionals do the work!" is the typical approach of rescue operators with regard to people, there are also advantages of public engagement considering that Citizens generally have a better knowledge of the stricken area and know the daily routines of their family, friends and neighbors. This means that they can help in describing affected areas as well as in localizing possible victims. Inspired by the last sentence, we propose a framework based on these concepts and describe the set of actions that would make it possible. The framework named PENSAD stands for "Public Engagement to increase Situational Awareness in Disasters".


Kinetics of synthesis of methyl formate from carbon monoxide and methanol, using sodium methoxide as the catalyst and pyridine as the promoter in a batch reactor, was studied. Kinetic parameters such as the apparent reaction orders, the rate constant and the apparent activation energies were obtained.The experimental results showed that both the reaction orders with respect to CO and methanol equal to 1, the general reaction kinetic equation is (-r)=-dp(CO)/dt=k. p(CO).[MeOH], and the rate constant is decreased 6.44 k J/mol and the rate constant had increased more than 1.5 times when pyridine was used as the promoter in the catalyst system.


From high-resolution, infrared, interferometric spectra, the radial velocity of Arcturus is deterrnined by simple measurements between superposed spectral tracings of the star and the sun. A velocity of -5.47 1 0.07 km/sec obtained from metal lines is comparable to a highly accurate result obtained by Petrie and Fletcher (1967) using standard methods. A velocity of -5.82 1 0.18 obtained from CO lines is interpreted in terms of a differentially expanding atmosphere.


Water is critical for long-term socioeconomic growth. Rainfall is one of the water sources.. Many factors contribute to disparities of rainfall patterns in Indonesia. The study aims to detect and map the implication of clustering annual rainfall patterns in each province in Indonesia using the annual provincial rainfall data 2011 to 2015. K Means Clustering using an unsupervised learning technique was applied for rainfall events by employing rainfall measurement data from one of Indonesia's rain stations in each province.  The clustering results indicate that the two provinces in cluster I have very low water availability, cluster II has moderate rainfall with rainy days under 200 days, i.e. wet months of seven months, and cluster III has a very wide variation in maximum and minimal rainfall. The results demonstrate the trend of locations vulnerable to water availability in the provinces of Central and West Sulawesi. Rainfall should be managed as a potential water source in face of the extreme dry season, particularly in three provinces in cluster III: South Sumatra, Papua, and Maluku. Rainfall clustering in Indonesia is expected to be used as a dataframe, as well as a preliminary analysis to reinforce local rainfall, as well as basis for managing and exploiting rainfall, as well as planning mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Indonesia.


The volume shrinkage evolution of a magnetite iron ore/carbon composite pellet during solid-state isothermal reduction was investigated. For the shrinkage, the apparent activation energy and mechanism were obtained based on the experimental results. It was found that the volume shrinkage highly depended on the reduction temperature and on dwell time. The volume shrinkage of the pellet increased with the increasing reduction temperature, and the rate of increment was fast during the first 20 min of reduction. The shrinkage of the composite pellet was mainly due to the weight loss of carbon and oxygen, the sintering growth of gangue oxides and metallic iron particles, and the partial melting of the gangue phase at high temperature. The shrinkage apparent activation energy was different depending on the time range. During the first 20 min, the shrinkage apparent activation energy was 51,313 J/mol. After the first 20 min, the apparent activation energy for the volume shrinkage was only 19,697 J/mol. The change of the reduction rate-controlling step and the automatic sintering and reconstruction of the metallic iron particles and gangue oxides in the later reduction stage were the main reasons for the aforementioned time-dependent phenomena. The present work could provide a unique scientific index for the illustration of iron ore/carbon composite pellet behavior during solid-state carbothermic reduction.


Objective: To analyze the relationship between the social determinants of health with the years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Methods: This was an ecological study, whose unit of analysis is the weighted area used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The 2,135 households that had deaths, from which the PYLL were calculated were selected. As independent variables, were assessed the type of outer jacket, presence of health, sanitation, piped water, waste disposal, household income and per capita household income. Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess whether there were differences between the groups for mortality PYLL. Results: The RN had 119 940 households in weighting areas for the sample of census 2010. Of this total, 2,135 households showed deaths and therefore composed the study sample. Conclusions:The highest mortality category was associated with households with no latrine, inadequate sanitation and low per capita income, showing a relationship between determinants of health and higher mortality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.


Oxidation of Cr(CO) 5 - , Mo(CO) 5 - , and W(CO) 5 - was examined in a low-pressure (∼5×10 -8 mbar) and a high-pressure external(∼3.5 mbar) environment using a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer equipped with a high-pressure external ion source. Although the oxidation chemistry displayed by the Cr and W systems was fairly similar, the Mo analogue had several unique features. In addition, remarkable differences were observed between high- and low-pressure oxidation


Teaching resources are necessary tools that serve as support in the development of the theoretical content, these help to differentiate the content and methods used in the educational process, in order to promote innovations that help transmit knowledge. By implementing teaching resources in educational institutions it is achieved facilitate the process of learning of Language and Literature. At school Rio San Pablo has been observed that a comprehensive reading and proper writing is not applied in the teaching-learning students in the seventh year of basic education in the area of Language and Literature, learners do not analyze content text and to some extent take it in a boring way, this establishes that most of the problems in learning is due to the traditional way of teaching and lack of teaching resources for reading comprehension by teachers to promote development through learning techniques in students. Reading and writing are cultural practices; ie activities carried out by groups with specific purposes in specific contexts. Teachers poorly prepared teaching resources for mediation of content in the area of Language and Literature, for this reason no significant learning that encourages to be that students are active in the development of language skills develop listening, speaking, reading and write excellently. For the realization of this project has been taken as a reference performing a diagnosis through observation students and surveys of the educational community made up of 31 students, 31 parents and 7 teachers, it is for this reason that it has been evident that the lack of updating and use of educational resources by some teachers are factors that affect the process (teaching - learning), resulting in the school disinterest and poor academic performance. For this it is necessary to implement new teaching resources to date in the area of Language and Literature, according to reality, through a methodological guide and socialization workshops arousing student interest in reading and improve their reasoning (critical-analytical) and writing.


Tree-ring studies have been used for over fifty years to date and quantify past flood events. Stable C and O isotopes in tree-rings have also been extensively applied to the reconstruction of past environmental conditions and their changes over time. However, the two approaches have not previously been combined. In this study we explore whether the meteorological origin of precipitation causing past flood events might be assessed by investigating oxygen stable isotopes in tree rings. It is well known that floods may have different origins, e.g. heavy convective rainstorms, frontal precipitation, snow melting, etc.; each of these floodwater sources bears a particular isotopic fingerprint. This paper presents the first results of this methodology applied to a recent flash flood event occurring in Central Spain. For this purpose, a well-known heavy-rain convective event was chosen from the recent flood record. In the forested area affected by this event, six cores from each of four selected species (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinaster Ait., Quercus pyrenaica L. and Alnus glutinosa (L) Gaertn), were sampled using an incremental borer. After α-cellulose extraction, the oxygen-isotope composition (δ18O) in tree-rings was analyzed and compared with climate data and δ18O values in precipitation. The isotope signal in tree-ring cellulose was dominated by spring climatic conditions but, after removing this "spring signal", a clear and site-specific signal in latewood δ18O emerged, which was associated with the heavy-rain event. These preliminary results encourage more in-depth analyses aimed at recognizing specific precipitation sources and separating different populations of past floods according to their cause.


The comparative study of the enteropathogenic action of V. cholerae strains of group non-O1, serovar O139, and group O1 with different virulence on the APUD system of the intestine of suckling rabbits after intraenteral infection revealed that V. cholerae of group non-O1 induced inflammatory changes in the intestine and the pronounced toxic lesion of parenchymal organs. This was accompanied by a decrease in the number of apudocytes and an increase in the functional tension of the APUD system. After the infection of the animals with V. cholerae of group O1 changes in the APUD system and internal organs directly depended on the virulence of the microbes and the infective dose.


Three kinds of firebricks infiltrated with litium hydroxide or carbonate were irradiated with neutrons and the liberation of tritium on heating the firebricks was investigated by using gas and liquid scintillation technique. Tritium produced by 6Li (n, a) 3Hreaction was almost quantitatively recovered as tritiated water; the recovery was found to depend on porosity of firebricks. The liberation curves of tritium from the firebricks were more complicated than those from lithium hydroxide and carbonate.