Based on the Ambegaokar‐Eckern‐Schon approach to the Coulomb blockade, we develop a complete quantum theory of the single electron transistor. We identify a previously unrecognized physical observable in the problem that, unlike the usual average charge on the island, is robustly quantized for any finite value of the tunneling conductance as the temperature goes to absolute zero. This novel quantity is fundamentally related to the non‐symmetrized current noise of the system. Our results display all of the superuniversal topological features of the θ angle concept that previously arose in the theory of the quantum Hall effect.


Recent concerns about subjectivity in forensic firearm identification have motivated the development of algorithms to compare firearm tool marks that are imparted on ammunition and to generate quantitative measures of similarity. In this paper, we describe an algorithm that identifies impressed tool marks on a cartridge case that are both consistent between firings and contribute strongly to a surface similarity metric. The result is a representation of the tool mark topography that emphasizes both significant and persistent features across firings. This characteristic surface map is useful for understanding the variability and persistence of the tool marks created by a firearm and can provide improved discrimination between the comparison scores of samples fired from the same firearm and the scores of samples fired from different firearms. The algorithm also provides a convenient method for visualizing areas of similarity that may be useful in providing quantitative support for visual comparisons by trained examiners.


Along with the establishment of the socialist market economy,it is of great needs that our capital market must conform to certain norms and standards in order to reform the present accounting system and extinguish the distortion of accounting information.This paper proposes a method of appcnting accountants to state-owned enterprises,which ensures that accountants thus appointed may perform their duties in a more efficient manner.And finally,the problems of state-owned properties appreciation may also be better settled.


The high‐thrust linear motor with a lightweight and high‐strength mover was developed for operating circuit breakers. The linear motor is composed of a lightweight mover that has permanent magnets sandwiched between magnetic poles and an armature with a three‐dimensional magnetic circuit. The specifications and performance of the linear motor were determined to cut off current soundly. Then, a prototype of a fully electrically operated breaker using linear motor was investigated. The linear‐motor‐based operating mechanism designed for the circuit breaker reached the open‐pole position in 13.2 ms from the start of movement. However, the time from opening to 0.5 cycle was 9.0 ms. In addition, the variation in breaking operation time was within 1 ms, which was expected that stable controlled operation.


A silicon birefringence device for performing vector transmission spectroscopy on polar solvent at terahertz frequencies is presented. The device enables direct measurement of the complex dielectric function of isopropyl alcohol in water and can differentiate the various concentrations.


The goal of this experiment was to establish whether culture with combinations of I±-tocopherol and ascorbic acid could improve viability and maturation in pig oocytes. Oocytes were cultured for 44-45 hours at 37°C in 5.2% CO 2 atmosphere in M199 supplemented with 20I¼M I±-tocopherol + 250I¼M ascorbic acid (20TOC-250AA) or 5I¼M I±-tocopherol + 750I¼M ascorbic acid (5TOC-750AA). Afterward cumulus oophorus expansion was examined. Viability and the presence of the first polar body were assessed by fluorescent staining with fluorescein diacetate, propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258. After maturation oocytes were fertilized in TALP and then embryos were cultured for 72h in NCSU-23. Supplementation with the combination 20TOC-250AA resulted in greater percentages of expanded COCs when compared with the control. The same combination had a beneficial effect on oocyte viability and polar body formation. The highest percentage of embryos to have reached the morula stage was observed for the 20TOC-250AA mix while the presence of 5TOC-750AA lead to an increase in percentages for the 4-8 cells and 8-16 cells stages. This indicates that the 20TOC-250AA combination has a positive influence on cumulus oophorus expansion, preserves oocyte viability, promotes polar body formation and improves embryo development after fertilization.


More than 2.5 billion people are still unbanked and they do not access or use financial services. In this paper, we present an innovative service that allows Santander University Smart Card holders to make person-to-person payments to their friends, using different social channels, such as Telegram, Facebook or Twitter. Our first implementation is based on Facebook, one of the most used social networks. This approach allows the service to reach a great number of potential users but the delivery and stability of the service depends on an external provider. We include the description of the service architecture, its implementation, tests, and the lessons learned from the development. We also discuss pros and cons of the third party service dependency from the technical and business viewpoints.


The author critically examines the technique of in vitro fertilization (IVF) from the ethical point of view, bringing to light the elements of technological disproportion of the operation for the low effectiveness, the big risk for the borning, the invasivity for the maternal body and the high economic costs. The aim of the present issue is to contest the therapeutic possibility of the IVF and to contest the commonplace that the feminine thought is pro reproductive technologies. The therapeutic disproportion is therefore analyzed according to the view of the women, in the light of various perspectives: the perspectives of the so-called "feminist bioethics" and the perspective of the bioethics in the feminine. The article brings to light the reasons about the not acceptability of the technique from both perspectives and in particular the objectification of the woman body and the parasitism of the technology. The author concludes illustrating her own point of view on the bioethics in the feminine: the logos of the reproductive technologies, that consists in the optimization of a product, puts to serious risk the symbolic value of maternity, like original place of taking care.


An attempt has been made in that paper to describe the ways of health subject area posters to instil ideological premises connected with social realism to People's Poland's society. For this purpose posters created in the first post war decade of PRL (until 1956) have been analysed. Examining the text and visual substance and the stylistic structure of posters allows to notice – in most of works – elements connected with the ideological premise of the social realism. It was recorded as characteristic graphic and rhetoric symbols for the epoch when the posters were created. To the most important features of social realism output, art formula that to the largest extent effected the end image of analysed creations, belongs the rule of typicality in composition of posters. It required from its creators to elicit in their posters characteristic features of the socialist world and man. Not all works were equipped in content unequivocally associated with the new political system. Some of them could be used also today to promote pro-health behaviours.


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the testimony given at the trial of Burke and Hare (pp. 5-228), thus providing an excellent collection of primary sources; all are to be found in the Fenwick Beekman Collection at the New York Academy of Medicine. There is also a brief editorial introduction and a useful list of the dramatis personae. The material is reproduced in facsimile and includes illustrations; most of the items, especially the ephemera, are very rare. From it a detailed account of the episode is obtained together with the reaction of the public to it. But in addition there are other benefits to be derived: information on the medical profession in Edinburgh during the 1820s, especially concerning anatomists and the teaching of anatomy; an appreciation of social conditions, legal procedure and of methods of communicating at that time. The only criticism is that some of the reproductions are poor, presumably due to the present state of the originals. This method of collecting together facsimiles of publications concerning a single medical episode could well be repeated, for there have been numerous events in previous centuries that generated a great deal of literature manuscript, printed, and illustrative, much of which is now very scarce. Medico-legal cases such as this one lend themselves readily to the technique, but others ranging from Mrs. Stephens' stone cure to Mary Toft's so-called rabbit breeding imposture would be ideal topics. A similar type of publication, intended, however, more for teaching and at a less specialized level, presented portfolios of copied documents illustrating advances in certain aspects of history and proved to be popular. Recently psycho-history, purveyed in the last two years mainly by the History of Childhood Quarterly, The Journal of Psycho-history and the Psycho-history Press, has come into existence. Its advocates are concerned with the subconscious, background drives, illusions, urges, obsessions and with other psychological phenomena which they believe govern a person's actions. The significance of an action does not reside in it, and an act or statement is thus a myth which has to be analysed and interpreted. Professor Barzun of Columbia University attacks this new approach to history, and also finds the application of statistics to history, quanto-history as he calls it, equally unacceptable. He puts forward powerful arguments in favour of the traditional type of historiography and will thereby receive solid support from the older generation of historians. He cites a number of ludicrous interpretations arrived at by …


The last decade has witnessed a growing demand for wireless radio spectrum due to the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications. Spectrum is a precious resource and thus underutilization of a large part of allocated spectrum is not acceptable. Cognitive radio (CR) is proposed as a promising solution for increasing spectrum utilization and thereby helping to mitigate spectrum scarcity. CR is capable of sensing the unused spectrum bands and adapt to operate in the vacant bands. Once cognitive radios detect the presence of a primary user in their operating band, they must vacate the band immediately. Hence, accurate spectrum sensing is an essential feature of CR systems. In this paper, a cyclostationary spectrum sensing method for identifying the presence of primary user is introduced which uses the concept of periodicity in OFDM signals. In existing method,the periodicity of pilot signals in the OFDM symbols is used to detect the signals. The proposed scheme is robust to the detection of primary user signal with guard interval insertion in the OFDM signals which use the concept of periodicity. The power spectral density of average and true method which defines the spectrum power is compared and the simulation results are given in this paper. It is observed from the results that true power spectral density method is well suitable for CR which enables perfect sensing over primary users.


For functions f whose Taylor coefficients at the origin form a Hausdorff moment sequence we study the behaviour of w(y) := |f( + iy)| for y > 0 ( � 1 fixed).


The fast growth of information and communication technology and particularly the Internet has changed traditional methods of research, storage, retrieval, and communication of information. Internet has emerged as the most powerful medium for storage and retrieval of information. The Internet facility has enabled teachers and students to enhance their academic excellence by providing them the latest information and access to worldwide information. The present study highlights the existing situation of Internet services provided by the various departments of Alagappa University. The study shows that female respondents constitute more in number than male respondents, corroborating the greater number of women in higher education in Tamil Nadu state. It also reveals that most respondents (56.76%) use the Internet for educational purposes, while 36.49% use online services for research purposes.


FLUCTUATIONS AND DISSIPATION IN A THERMALLY CONDUCTING, VISCOUS, HYDRODYNAMIC MEDIUM by KARL SUNDKVIST U n i v e r s i t y o f New Ham pshire , May 1979 The b e h a v io r o f small am p l i tu d e f l u c t u a t i o n s from e q u i l i b r i u m in a com press ib le f l u i d medium w ith small v i s c o s i t y and the rm al c o n d u c t i v i t y i s c h a r a c t e r i s e d by t h e f l u c t u a t i o n s ' G re e n 's f u n c t i o n s . The hydrodynamic model i s com prised o f t h e mass, momentum and en e rg y c o n s e rv a t io n e q u a t io n s and t h e thermodynamic c o u p l in g o f low f r e q u e n c y , small wavenumber f l u c t u a t i o n s . From t h e hydrodynamic model, f i e l d e q u a t io n s g o v ern ing th e f l u c t u a t i o n s o f t h e thermodynamic p r o p e r t i e s and o f t h e v e l o c i t y a r e de  r iv e d . The t r a n s v e r s e component o f v e l o c i t y obeys a t r a n s v e r s e v i s c o u s d i f f u s i o n equa t ion whereas th e l o n g i t u d i n a l v e l o c i t y and thermodynamic p r o p e r ty f l u c t u a t i o n s a l l s a t i s f y th e same s c a l a r th e r m a l v i s c o u s f i e l d e q u a t i o n . A v e c t o r i a l th e r m a l v iscous f i e l d e q u a t io n f o r t h e t o t a l v e l o c i t y v e c to r f l u c t u a t i o n s im u l ta n e o u s ly in c lu d e s th e t r a n s v e r s e v is c o u s d i f f u s i o n and l o n g i t u d i n a l t h e r m a l v i s c o u s e f f e c t s . The impulse G re e n 's f u n c t i o n s 1n t r a n s fo rm e d domain a r e d e r iv e d from th e s p a t i a l l y and te m p o ra l ly F o u r ie r t r a n s fo rm e d f i e l d e q u a t i o n s . A s c a l a r d i f  f u s iv e type im pulse G re e n 's f u n c t io n i s o b ta in e d f o r t h e t r a n s v e r s e v e l o c i t y f l u c t u a t i o n and a s c a l a r t h e r m a l v i s c o u s ty p e im pulse G re e n 's f u n c t i o n i s o b ta in ed f o r t h e f l u c t u a t i o n s o f l o n g i t u d i n a l v e l o c i t y and thermodynamic p ro -


We experiment with unsupervised methods for deriving and clustering symbolic representations of speech, working towards speech-to-speech translation for languages without regular (or any) written representations. We consider five low-resource African languages, and we produce three different segmental representations of text data for comparisons against four different segmental representations derived solely from acoustic data for each language. The text and speech data for each language comes from the CMU Wilderness dataset introduced in [1], where speakers read a version of the New Testament in their language. Our goal is to evaluate the translation performance not only of acoustically derived units but also of discovered sequences or "words" made from these units, with the intuition that such representations will encode more meaning than phones alone. We train statistical machine translation models for each representation and evaluate their outputs on the basis of BLEU-1 scores to determine their efficacy. Our experiments produce encouraging results: as we cluster our atomic phonetic representations into more word-like units, the amount information retained generally approaches that of the actual words themselves.


Purpose: The growing incidence of acute nephrolithiasis has increased the burden on healthcare. We sought to assess the time-course of acute stone disease treatment from symptom onset to spontaneous passage or definitive treatment to better characterize the current state of management and identify areas for improvement. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients treated for acute nephrolithiasis from August 2016 until February 2017. Patients were included if they had symptomatic renal or ureteral stones, evaluation by urology, and documented resolution by spontaneous passage or surgery. Primary outcome was the time from initial presentation at the Emergency Department (ED) to procedure or passage. Secondary outcomes included time to outpatient evaluation by urology and delays to procedure scheduling greater than 14 days. Results: 61 patients (41% female) met selection criteria. Median time from initial presentation to procedure or stone passage was 45 or 26 days, respectively. Median time from ED to clinic visit was 12.5 days. Time from clinic visit to procedure or spontaneous passage was 29 or 16 days, respectively. 38 patients (62%) had documented causes for delay in treatment. Of this cohort, 22 (58%) were due to provider availability issues, 8 (21%) had contraindications to surgery, and 8 (21%) had patient-related delays. Conclusion: Prolonged time to treatment of acute nephrolithiasis occurred in 30 (49%) of the cohort due to provider availability and patient- specific delays. Developing initiatives to expedite management through improved patient education and operating room availability may help reduce healthcare costs and patient discomfort. ,2020


I shall present the highlights of the scientific activities of the eight teams of the network in Bordeaux, Jerusalem, Link öping, Lyon, Marburg, Marne-laVallée, Roma, and Wien, which include: • the proof of the combinatorial invariance conjecture for KazhdanLusztig polynomials in an important special case • the proof of the conjectures on the random assignment problem • important progress on the Charney-Davis conjecture on (certain) simplicial complexes • new bijections between maps and trees with interesting applications to the Ising and the hard particle model on maps


. This study concerns the preparation of sprayed binary molybdenum oxide, MoO 3 , thin films and ternary and quaternary derivatives by alloying. The characterization of their physical properties was carried out by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometry and impedancemetry. It appears from the electrical study that the great value of resistance R corresponds to the NiMoO 4 thin films. The equivalent ac circuit of these films is composed by a parallel resistor R and capacitor C connected together. This work also focused on the photocatalysis process applied to the studied samples. Under solar irradiation, the photocatalytic application was tested in terms of the degradation reaction of wastewater containing methylene blue. Under similar experimental conditions, the NiMoO 4 thin film shows a higher rate of degradation than the other thin layers.


This thesis contains information about inclusion of interest free banking system into Turkish banking system in Turkey and development of the needs of the system and the new interest free banking products that have been included into this system from past to present in accordance with the development potential and scope of these products. In my study, initially I give information about the birth of interest free banking system in the world and try to present the entrance and development of the system in Turkey according to the globalizing economy. In this study, we try to explain interest free banking products that are included into the system and how and what kind of customers needs are met through the new interest free banking products of interest free banking system. We emphasize in details the world and Turkey applications of Sukuk which can be assumed as one of the most important and new instrument that interest free banking system developed and which is included in the system recently as a new interest free banking product. In conclusion, we present growth figures of interest free banking system in Turkey under the influence of new banking instruments that are produced and included into the system.


Fluctuating pressure is the main cause of the floor fatigue of the stilling basin with a negative step. Despite investigations of stilling basin with a negative step conducted by many researchers, there is not enough information about the influence of the geometric parameters on fluctuating pressure on the floor. In the present study, fluctuating pressure on the floor of the stilling basin with a negative step was systematically investigated by a total of 85 model tests. The results show that the fluctuating pressure coefficient Cp' has a process of rapid increase and decrease, and then decreases slowly until it becomes stable, and the maximum fluctuating pressure coefficient Cp'max lies in the reattachment zone rather than in the jet impingement area for Type II-jump. The dominant frequency of the fluctuating pressure on the floor shows a decreasing trend along stilling basin. With the increase of the step height, the Cp'max presents decreasing trend but X*0 where the Cp'max occurs increasing trend. While there has on obvious regularity between incident angle and Cp'. Finally, according to the fitting of test data, an empirical formula to calculate Cp'max is developed. These research results provide reference for the design of stilling basin with a negative step in engineering applications.


BACKGROUND: A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor, based on an immobilized Pseudomonas syringae in highly porous micro-cellular polymer (MCP) in combination with a dissolved oxygen electrode, has been developed for the analysis of biodegradable organic compounds in aqueous samples. Microorganisms were immobilized in a molded MCP disk and a wastewater sample was injected into the biocomposite disk by a flow injection system. Dissolved oxygen (DO) changes as a measure of soluble BOD was read with a DO probe placed into a flow cell carrying biocatalytically activated disk.

RESULTS: Optimal response of the MCP BOD sensor was obtained at pH 6.8 and 25 °C with a typical response time of 3–5 min for a 2 mm thick molded polymeric disk. The sensor showed detection linearity over the range 5–100 mg L−1 BOD5 (r2 > 0.99) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min−1. The repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor response were found to be 3.08% and 7.77%, respectively. BOD values produced with this biosensor for various municipal and industrial wastewaters correlated well with those determined by the conventional 5-day BOD test.

CONCLUSION: This new biosensor was different from present amperometric BOD biosensor configurations in which the biocatalyst (microbial/enzymatic) is placed between cellulose and Teflon membranes installed on a DO probe. The use of a molded MCP disk coniainng microbial activity offers better stability and lifetime for commercial use in environmental monitoring. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


Abstract Herbaceous communities located within forest openings increase plant species diversity of forests in the Knobs Region of Kentucky. Although these grass-dominated communities are protected and managed for rare plant species conservation, it is unclear how soil conditions may delineate the grassland-forest boundary. We compared soil chemical and physical properties and soil nitrogen pools and transformations of three forest openings with those in the surrounding forest and the wooded edge separating the grassland and forest communities. Soil pH, extractable cations, bulk density and silt content were higher in openings compared to forest soils and extractable phosphorus was lower. In forest-opening grasslands, total soil nitrogen and the availability and production of plant-available N were 25 to 50% of levels in adjacent forest. Soils of the woody edge were similar to the surrounding forest. Our results suggest that the presence of these calcareous glade openings is highly correlated with edaphic conditions, so that efforts to expand rare plant habitat may be constrained by the distinct soils of these forest openings.


The increasing popularity of carbon-reinforced concrete (CRC) is attributed to its exceptional tensile properties, low density, no corrosion phenomenon, and remarkable flexibility, allowing it to be easily shaped into various forms. However, there is a pressing need to explore this innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement. This motivates research and investigation of the feasibility of using a special 2D Netzgitterträger (NetzGT) reinforcement system, featuring a net-shaped fabricated textile made of multiple diagonally offset rovings with overlapping edge strands, as a viable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete beams. This 2D NetzGT reinforcement system has also been transformed into a 3D configuration for the development of a hollow core slab system. It is manufactured from carbon rovings with three different diagonal angles of 50°, 60°, and 70°. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the mechanical behavior of beams reinforced with the 2D NetzGT reinforcement. Tensile tests on strands were also performed with an increasing number of overlapped rovings to analyze their tensile strength. Additionally, single yarn pull-out tests were also conducted to examine the influence of the roving angle on the bond strength between the carbon textile roving and the concrete matrix.


itics both memorializes human uniqueness and preserves community, "democratic citizenship at its very core for Arendt is about death transcendence" (p. 96). So long as stories remain, immortality does not require sexual reproduction but politics and the power that flows from it. For Feit, however, Arendt's critique excludes all forms of sexuality from politics, and we must therefore look further. Nietzsche rejects Arendt's determination to separate citizenship and sexuality. Like Rousseau, he connects sexual and cultural reproduction, but in unusual terms. His protagonist "Zarathustra becomes pregnant with new ideas as a result of withdrawing into a feminine space—solitude— which indicates that a 'lesbian' reproductivity is at work here." Moreover, the affinity that biologically unrelated individuals have for these ideas makes them Zarathustra's descendants (p. 126). Because many individuals will not accept death as a part of life as it is, they attend to those who promise immortality. This promise, however, ironically contains a death wish within itself as individuals valorize the otherworldly over actual life. Biological reproduction to counter life's finitude produces "a culture of death in the effort to combat death" (p. 131). Children may constitute a legacy, but for Nietzsche, these "children" may also include ideas to which the thinker gives birth. The thinker then functions as a father who disseminates his ideas in the hope that they take root and grow. Good citizenship for Nietzsche includes reproduction, but involves "his queering of reproductive and kinship metaphors" (p. 156) at the expense of heteronormativity. Therefore, he implicitly promotes pluralist citizenship. For Feit, Arendt is a more promising resource for democratic citizenship than is Rousseau. The action that begets political immortality is open to all, whereas sexual reproduction may not be. Arendt is limited, however, by the fact that only a minority of actors achieve political immortality. For Nietzsche, on the other hand, words and deeds are central to one's living identity, regardless of whether their memory persists after death. A lesson exists here for queer culture, Feit suggests. Queer critics of same-sex marriage fear that it will cause queer culture to disappear. The individuals who constitute this culture, however, should not look to citizenship as a means of death transcendence. Instead, they should engage in self-creation, or should speak and act to fulfill their own identities, regardless of any possible legacy for other generations. As citizens and self-creators, heterosexuals and gays may be equally sterile if they fail to value this sort of activity. If death awareness impels us "to engage our morality in an ethically productive way" (p. 177), however, democratic citizenship may become less anxious and both more pluralist and more vibrant. Democratic Anxieties is a provocative contribution to scholarship concerning sexuality and politics, pluralism, and democratic citizenship. Feit builds on a tradition in political theory that focuses on the tension between the claims of the family and the claims of citizenship. This tradition is well exemplified in Susan Moller Okin's critique of Rousseau (Women in Western Political Thought, 1979). The first tension is between the impulses of the natural individual and the requirements of citizenship as illustrated by Rousseau's protagonist Emile. An additional tension is that between intimate love and the welfare of larger entities, whether nation or humanity. Finally, tension exists between the demands of the family and those of the ideal republic. Like Okin's, Feit's analysis of Rousseau suggests that an exclusive focus on sexual reproduction can draw citizens away from living out their citizenship. Although biological offspring perpetuate the collective sovereign, death anxiety and a desire for immortality may feed this focus at the expense of the development of one's living identity as both individual and citizen. It also excludes those to whom sexual reproduction is not open. In Emile, moreover, the education of Sophie as the ideal wife in the patriarchal family shows that women—and others thus inculcated— are primed to prioritize intimate love and family over the claims of the wider world and of citizenship. Arendt pushes to the opposite extreme on Feit's interpretation, excluding the private or what she terms "the social" from citizenship altogether. Nietzsche, on the other hand, fruitfully combines private and public, individual and citizen. On Feit's metaphorical interpretation, Nietzsche teaches us that through self-creation, all may engage with the world productively, whatever their sexuality. In the final section of his last chapter, Feit engages with Judith Butler's examination of responses in the United States to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as these bear on a possible democratizing effect of death awareness. Although I understand the connection with Feit's theme, I found this treatment distracting. Perhaps if this material had been interwoven with the body of the book, it might have been more successful. Nevertheless, Democratic Anxieties stands out as a fine approach to the connections between sexuality and political theory as these bear on democratic citizenship.


Background Surface decoration of Hb with PEG chains has been advanced as an approach to attenuate the vasoconstrictive activity of acellular Hb in circulation. PEGylated Hbs with higher oxygen affinities relative to unmodified Hb has an advantage when designing blood substitutes in achieving targeted transport of O2 from lungs to tissues. Extension Arm Facilitated (EAF) PEGylation of Hb with six copies of PEG 5K (EAF P5K6 Hb) was advanced as an optimum level of PEGylation that does not induce weakening of interdimeric interactions in the quaternary structure of Hb. EAF P5K6 Hb at 4 gm % is an O2 carrying colloidal plasma expander. However, a prototype of EAF P5K6 Hb, developed by Sangart as MP4, did not increase microvascular oxygen delivery or improve tissue oxygenation in models of extreme hemodilution,whereas the EAF P5K6 Hb and P5K2 did better than the non-oxygen carrying semisynthetic colloidal plasma expander and EAF P5K6 albumin.Also, P5K2 Hb does a better tissue oxygenation even though its oxygen affinity is comparable to that of EAF P5K6 Hb1. As PEG chains increases from 2 to 10 copies, there is a lesser effect in the oxygen affinity of PEG Hbs in the presence of allosteric effectors like IHP and L-35. This suggests that higher degree of PEGylation preferentially stabilize the oxy conformation of PEG Hb, decreasing the efficacy of O2 release in the circulation. We attributed this decreased efficiency to the larger PEG shell which might lower the diffusion of O2out to the plasma. We reasoned that we could reduce the size of the PEG shell using six copies of PEG 3K and that we could use this new PEG Hb (EAF P3K6 Hb) at 6 gm% to get nearly the same viscosity as 4 gm % EAF P5K6 Hb. We compared tissue oxygenation by EAF P3K6 Hb with EAF P5K6 Hb and P5K2 Hb in an experimentally induced anemia model and tested its therapeutic efficacy in attenuating the experimentally induced acute crisis in a mild murine model of SCD, NY1DD. Methods EAF P3K6 Hb was prepared with PEG3K and characterized as EAF P5K6 Hb2. Molecular models and the shapes of PEG Hbs have been developed using InsightII program (Accelrys). Tissue oxygenation studies were carried out in the extreme hemodilution hamster model as described previously.1 Acute vaso-occlusion was studied using intravital microscopy in the venules of cremaster muscles of NY1DD SCD mice subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (18 hrs of hypoxia with 8% O2 and then normoxia).3The efficacy was measured after treatment with 10% top load of 6 gm % solution of EAF P3K6 Hb, given at the transitioning stage from hypoxia to normoxia Results PEG 3K chains reduced the molecular radius and volume while increased the packing density of PEG shell of EAF P3K6 Hb as compared to EAF P5K6 Hb (Table 1). The packing of the PEG chains induced a globular shape to the EAF P3K6 Hb vs ellipsoidal shape to EAF P5K6 Hb (Fig 1). Oxygen affinity of EAF P3K6 was comparable to that of EAF P5K6 Hb. In the extreme hemodilution hamster model of anemia, the efficacy of EAF P3K6 Hb to increase tissue oxygenation was comparable to that of P5K2 Hb (Fig 2). From the intravital micrographs of cremaster muscles (Fig 3), P3K6 Hb markedly attenuated the induced vaso-occlusive crisis in NY1DD mice. Discussion and Conclusions We have previously shown that EAF P3K6 Hb is effective in normalizing the chronic state of vaso-occlusion in BERK sickle mice. We demonstrate here that EAF P3K6 Hb protects NY1DD sickle mice from developing acute vaso-occlusion. These studies suggest that a smaller compact PEG shell around Hb increases the ability of the PEG Hb to oxygenate the tissues. NY1DD mice are not very anemic (Hb > 10 gm/dl); a 10% top load of 6 gm% high oxygen affinity Hb represents no significant increase in Hb level (≈0.06 gm %). We suggest that the ability of such a miniscule amount of PEG Hb in the plasma to protect the animal from hypoxia is due to its enhanced ability to deliver O2 under anemic and hypoxic conditions. We suggest that EAF P3K6 Hb facilitates improved extraction of O2 from RBC to plasma and to the subsequent diffusion to tissues, i.e. small amount of PEG Hb in plasma acts as a catalyst for O2 transfer while the oxyHb in RBC serves as the local reservoir for O2. This improved O2 extractionmay be effective in anemia in general, and have a unique application in sickle cell disease. References 1.Cabrales, P et al (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287:H1609-H1617. 2. Acharya, S. A. et al (2007). Biochem J, 3.Kaul D.K. et al (2000) J Clin Invest, 106(5):715. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Internationalization in society and economy has fostered promptly the production volumes and product diversification due to the complexity in customers' design. Lean management has been known as effective and efficient tools in the management of customer value by reducing cost of the resources necessary to achieve the needs of customers. Today innovation has been considered as driving force of business success in every industry in the context of high competition. The link between lean management and innovation capability has been recently proposed in some literatures, which show that some aspects of lean management may negatively affect and some may positively affect a company's capability to be successful with certain types of innovations. This paper develops a framework to analyze the impact of lean management on innovation capability in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises. Five propositions has been presented and tested in the sample of 122 SMEs engaged in lean management. The findings suggest that due to implementation of lean management the changes of organizational structure and inter-departmental coordination have positive effect and the changes of human resources management and organizational culture have negative effect on the innovation capability.


Conversion of Douglas fir wood chips to a crude fuel oil, under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and steam has been accomplished by at least two proceses. An oil-wood-flour slurry (oil recycle) process has been operated smoothly at DOE's process development unit (PDU) in Albany, Oregon. Operability was achieved at the cost of extremely high recycle ratio of product oil (about 19/1) and of effluent water. A single pass, water-slurry process, originally developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), has also been tested at Albany. LBL is currently operating a bench-scale continuous liquefaction unit. The feedstock has been an aqueous slurry of prehydrolyzed Douglas fir wood chips. Yields of oil product are higher than was estimated from the Albany experience but are consistently lower than achieved by the recycle process. The difference is real, and is caused by a greater formation of water-soluble products such as carboxylic acids in the water-slurry process. In work to date at LBL, no significant difference in either oil yield or product analysis has been found when the CO-H/sub 2/ reactant gas mixture is replaced by either CO or H/sub 2/ alone. Since CO feed largely reacts to form H/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/more » by shift reaction, it is economically desirable to use a hydrogen-rich reaction gas. The product oil is a crude material, feedable as a heavy liquid fuel oil at temperatures somewhat above ambient, very low in sulfur and nitrogen, but containing 10 to 19% oxygen, largely as phenols. The crude product has been shown to be capable of replacing number 6 fuel oil in the test boiler at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center. Process flow sheets, stoichiometry, operating problems, and methods of product characterization are discussed, as well as possibilities for an improved process.« less


Pollen analysis of 8samples taken during the Picea blooming period from 3sites in the Shiyang river drainage,arid China,have been done,in order to examine the long distance capacity of wind trans- ported pollen and the contribution of air- born pollen to the pollen assemblages of lake sediments in the low lands.The resulted pollen assemblages of atmospheric samples approximately indicate the vegetation nature of sampling sites.The spatial variation of pollen assemblages was controlled by the distribution of modern vegetation.Major factors affecting the pollen assemblages and pollen concentration are the sam- pling time and sites.Air- born forestpollen only influences the pollen assemblage from the sampling sites near the forest,and wind has limited capacity in transporting a large amount of pollen for long distance and the contribution of air- born forest pollen to the pollen assemblage from middle and low reach is small.


Capping or functionalization of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is unavoidable for their photostability in practical use including sensitizer and biological tagging agents. However, the efficiency of the electron/hole transport from the photoexcited QDs to the external environments across the capping shell is not well-understood. In this study we report on the femtosecond carrier dynamics of core−shell type CdSe−ZnS semiconductor QDs of various sizes. Steady-state spectroscopic studies followed by picosecond-resolved time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) experiments on the complexation of the QDs with a well-known electron acceptor, benzoquinone (BQ), reveal that the complex is essentially static in nature. Femtosecond-resolved fluorescence upconversion experiments on the complex explore the dynamics of electron transport from core CdSe to BQ via ZnS shell. The dependence of the electron transport dynamics on the core size of the QDs has also been explored. We have also studied the dynamics of e...


Now a day's energy crisis is one of the major issue, in order to utilize the available power in efficient manner different technologies are improving among those high frequency induction heating is also one. In most of the engineering applications we found induction heating is a powerful technique for providing high temperature to several applications such as steel melting, soldering, cooking etc. This paper proposes a high frequency resonant inverter for fast, efficient, precise and non-contact method for heating metals. Boost converter maintain the dc link voltage to lower value and improve the power quality. To provide high temperature within a short period, induction furnace is made to operate at resonant frequency, because at resonant frequency current is amplified, which keeps the reactive power low and allow heating the work piece with large current. The circuit is designed and simulated using PSIM.


example, and the ways in which he has benefitted from the influence of C.L.R. James, Frantz Fanon and Amílcar Cabral. Lovesey compares and contrasts Ngũgĩ's Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary (1981) with prison memoirs by Wole Soyinka (The Man Died [1972]) and Breyten Breytenbach (The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist [1984]). Finally, he deals with the primacy of orature in Ngũgĩ's work and thought; his intellectual exile in America; his advocacy of hybrid nationalisms (within Kenya), post-national development (within East Africa) and Pan-Africanism; his affinity with writers from the African diaspora, especially the Caribbean; and his intriguing idea of globalectics and its relationship to cyberspace orature – or, in Ngũgĩ's coinage, "cyborature". In conclusion, a few points of criticism. In The Postcolonial Intellectual – as in his essay "Detained and African Prison Diaries" in Approaches to Teaching – Lovesey compares Soyinka unfavourably with Ngũgĩ and cites Neil Lazarus's Resistance in Postcolonial African Fiction (1990) in support of this view. In doing so, he reaffirms old arguments about Soyinka's supposedly romantic view of the intellectual and spiritual notion of the nation, without critically engaging with either Lazarus's rather simplistic interpretations of contrary but valid conceptions of the intellectual in a postcolonial African state or with the limitations of Ngũgĩ's ideological insistence. Kwame Anthony Appiah's assertion of Soyinka's "essentialism" is consigned to a footnote and there is little engagement with the complexity of Soyinka's ideas or with Appiah's disputable critique (172). In another footnote, Lovesey makes the spurious claim that Chinua Achebe's car crash in Nigeria, in which he was gravely hurt, was "politically motivated", stating that Achebe was "victimized" and adding, parenthetically, that such crashes were "a favoured method of silencing writers due to the staggering number of road deaths in Nigeria and Kenya" (174). Ngũgĩ's Decolonizing the Mind (1986) is wrongly listed in the "Works Cited" as published in 1981. Nevertheless, both books should appeal to students and scholars of Ngũgĩ's work and be read alongside other important critical work on this celebrated Kenyan writer.


Museum storage buildings should be able to provide a considerable stable indoor environment in terms of temperature and relative humidity (RH). To obtain such stable conditions with the lowest possible energy consumption, passive air conditioning is one-way solution. In this paper, indoor environment facilities of a passive museum storage building in Vejle region in Denmark, are investigated. Results demonstrate that the weather conditions of the previous years´ considerably affect the indoor environment of the storage. What is more, concentrated dehumidification is a sufficient technique to maintain RH within acceptable levels. Therefore, renewable energy such us excess wind energy during the night can be utilized.


Primary liver cancer poses, as the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, a major and widespread burden of disease. The vast majority of primary liver cancers (approximately 75%–85%) are attributable to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),[1] the major risk factor for which is viral hepatitis secondary to hepatitis B and C infections.[2] Other prominent risk factors include hepatic cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and exposure to hepatotoxins.[1,3,4]


Stability for a certain family of equilibrium of a nonlinear system with varying input signals was considered. Using analytic technique, which was different from the existing relevant methods in the literature, some sufficient conditions had obtained to guarantee that the trajectory, which was derived by input signals, was convergent to the relevant solution of systems under more general hypothesis and information of right term of the nonlinear systems. Here a more general class of input signal in nonlinear control systems was designed. An example was given to illustrate the new results.


ABSTRACT This paper addresses the finite-time path following control problem for an under-actuated stratospheric airship with input saturation, error constraint, and external disturbances. To handle the adverse effect of input saturation, anti-windup compensators are employed and finite-time convergence of the saturated control solution is established. Error constraints of airship position and attitude are handled by incorporating a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (TBLF) in guidance and attitude control schemes. Backstepping design is presented with the anti-windup compensators, the TBLF, and nonlinear disturbance observers which estimate the external disturbances. Stability analysis shows that the tracking errors of the airship position converge into a small set around zero within finite-time, the constrained requirements on the airship position and attitude are not violated during operation, and all closed-loop signals are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with the conventional control scheme, simulation results illustrate that the proposed finite-time controller offers a faster convergence rate and a higher path following accuracy for the stratospheric airship.


A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfillment of the Award of a degree in MSc. Crop Protection (Plant Pathology), February 2011


The stability behavior of excavated sa tu rated soil slopes is studied by means of a nonlinear finite element method based on Biot's consolidation theory. Through numerical analyses, the effective stre ss fields, deformation fields as well as pore water pressure fields in the slope s can be determined with good accuracy, and the variation in factor of safety ag ainst slip failure, and the corresponding critical slip surface can also be dete rmined in association with the stress fields, which enables the prediction of th e long term deformation and stability behavior of excavated slopes.


Robots have been proposed as intelligent technology that can support the independent living and health of older adults. While significant advances are being made regarding hardware and intelligent software to support autonomous actions of robots, less emphasis has been put on designing robot behavior that is comprehensible and pleasant for older adults. However, good usability and user experience are crucial factors for acceptance and long-term use. One way to actively engage older adults in behavioral design for social robots is participatory design. The Modality Card Deck is proposed, a tool that helps to engage older adults in human-robot interaction design process and participate in design decision for robot behavior. The cards guide the users towards creating ideas for design solutions which are detailed enough to be implemented by interaction designers and software developers. This paper provides a detailed description of the Modality Card Deck and presents an evaluation of the tool in the scope of a case study. In the case study, the card deck was used in participatory design workshops with older adults to develop multi-modal robot behaviors for the Pepper robot and a quiz game application. After describing the procedure of the case study, the workshop results and learnings about working with the Modality Card Deck and older adults are presented.


The utility model discloses a measuring device for percentage elongation after fracture of a tensile test piece in the field of metal material tensile test, which comprises a guide rail, two end supports, end baffles, two top test piece bolts and lock bolts; the two end supports are fixed at the two ends of the guide rail through the lock bolts; the end baffles are fixed at the two ends of the guide rail so as to prevent the end supports from sliding off from the guide rail during working; the two top test piece bolts respectively penetrate through the two end baffles and hold out against the two ends of the fractured test piece to joint the two ends together; the section shape of the guide rail is of an I-shape; the upper surface of the guide rail is provided with a plurality of pits along length direction; and the lower part of the fractured test piece is provided with a cushion block with a matched height. The measuring device for percentage elongation after fracture of the tensile test piece can improve the working efficiency and measuring accuracy, and can be operated by one operator to complete measuring work; moreover, the measuring device for percentage elongation after fracture of the tensile test piece has low cost, is convenient and reliable to use, can be applicable to the tensile test piece of different specifications, and has better adaptability and practical value.


PURPOSE: A facility for automatically manufacturing natural dyes is provided to obtain stable quality and to reduce labor force by automatically manufacturing polygonum indigo, Isatis japonica, and indigofera. CONSTITUTION: A facility for automatically manufacturing natural dyes comprises: an extractor(1) which extracts indigo pigments form indigo plants by supplying warm water of a room temperature to a material collector(11); a calcium hydroxide supernatant preparation device(2) which obtains high concentration calcium hydroxide supernatant by mixing water with calcium hydroxide and discharged a precipitate to the outside; an oxidation precipitation device(3) which oxidizes and precipitates indigo pigments; an indigo bath(4) for storing indigo precipitated in the oxidation precipitation device; and a control device(5).


We propose an inference procedure for estimators defined by mathematical programming problems, focusing on the important special cases of linear programming (LP) and quadratic programming (QP). In these settings, the coefficients in both the objective function and the constraints of the mathematical programming problem may be estimated from data and hence involve sampling error. Our inference approach exploits the characterization of the solutions to these programming problems by complementarity conditions; by doing so, we can transform the problem of doing inference on the solution of a constrained optimization problem (a non-standard inference problem) into one involving inference based on a set of inequalities with pre-estimated coefficients, which is much better understood. We evaluate the performance of our procedure in several Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application to the classic portfolio selection problem in finance.


The exposure to fumonisins from the maize harvest of 2006 (before and after sorting and storage) for 67 families was assessed along with its statistical association with agronomic practices in Rombo, Tanzania. Fumonisins were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and exposure estimated based on 60 kg body weight and maize intake of 356 g per person day−1. Based on contamination in the unsorted maize, exposure for 27% of the families would exceed the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg kg−1 body weight. The odds ratio of fumonisin exposure from maize hybrid 614 (H614) were: two times higher compared with non-H614 maize (p = 0.089); and five times higher when the maize was grown without fertilizer (p = 0.004). Sorting maize before storage reduced the percentage of families with unacceptable exposures to 6%. Therefore, the results imply that planting of the non-H614 seeds using fertilizers combined with pre-storage sorting of maize significantly minimizes fumonisins exposure in Rombo. A field experiment to verify these findings is needed.


Collaborative work between robots are likely to be a keystone in Industry 4.0 which talks about large scale automation in industrial scenarios. The robots in warehouses, retail stores, manufacturing floors may be guided by a central system, but in unknown scenarios such as disaster management, or areas where connectivity may be intermittent, the robots should be able to coordinate the task(s) at hand among themselves without having to rely on a central coordinating entity. Further, there may be a likelihood of situations where the higher round-trip latency of cloud-based systems may be undesirable. In this work, we propose a distributed knowledge framework deployed modularly across multiple heterogeneous robots that enables them to perform tasks by real time knowledge sharing and collaboration. We also have performed extensive experiments to compare performance of such a distributed framework with a centralised one and reported the results here in detail.


Abstract The New Zealand owlet‐nightjar (Aegotheles novaezealandiae) was a small (c. 150 g), almost flightless endemic bird that was widely distributed before human settlement. It was extinct before European settlement and has not so far been found definitely in a Polynesian cultural context. A series of accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages on gelatin from owlet‐nightjar bones from non‐cultural deposits was analysed using Bayesian statistics. The results indicate that the owlet‐nightjar may have begun to decline before Polynesian settlement. Such a decline would be consistent with the effects of predation by a new predator—most probably the Pacific rat Rattus exulans.


The issue in losses allocation is studied and the concept of Additional Power Loss (APL) is proposed. The two proposed allocation rules,which allocate losses among users in the proportion of current magnitude and square of current magnitude,are analyzed in detail.It is clarified that the APL is shared equally to the users if losses are shared among the users in proportion to their square of current magnitude.This is inequitable to small users.Based on the analysis,a new loss allocation rule is proposed.According to this rule,the APL should be shared among the users proportionally to their demands(generations)while the rest of the losses should be shared proportionally to their demands(generations) squared.The theoretical analysis shows that the proposed rule is fair and reasonable. It is made clear that the losses should be allocated according to the propotion of complex power.There are issues in the load flow tracing method which allocate active loss according to the proportion of active power when tracing active power and allocate reactive loss according to the proportion of reactive power when tracing reactive power ,for in some cases the tracing results are inaccuracy.Numerical simulation shows that the viewpoint proposed in this paper is correct.


Starting in October 1998, a new milkmeter (LactoCorder) for dairy recording was introduced in Bavaria, Germany. With the LactoCorder milk yield is recorded but information is also available on milk flow. Based on thresholds of the flow rate, parameters are defined, e.g., maximum flow rate and duration of maximum flow rate. The LactoCorder is used on farms participating in test plans with alternate milk recording and sampling (AT), and on farms with milk recorded twice a day and alternate sampling (ATM), respectively, resulting in approximately 65% of the recorded cows having results obtained with the LactoCorder. A research project was initiated to implement a genetic evaluation for milkability, making use of the detailed information now available on milk flow curves. Since genetic relationships between udder health and milkability are well known, ongoing research is also focusing on this topic. For these analyses, information on somatic cell count will be added. Parameters of the milk flow curve included in a genetic evaluation will have to be selected with regard to milkability as well as to udder health. In analyses fixed effects of herd test day, lactation, days in milk, age at calving, time of milking, and bimodality of the flow curve were found to be highly significant for most of the traits.


It is very important to evaluate land use efficiency for land managers and policy makers. In this paper, through the portfolio model of land use, we evaluate the effect and efficiency of land use and management in reclaimed area of Lingang New City, Shanghai from2003 to 2010, using two indicators of Sharpe index(θ) and economic return per unit of risk(δ).The result of the study shows that from 2003 to 2010, Sharpe index(θ) increased from 0.11 to12.77 and economic return per unit of risk(δ) increased from 0.69 to 12.96, indicating that land use of reclaimed area of Lingang New City has a good effect. Analysis on the efficiency frontiers indicates that Sharpe index(θ) and economic return per unit of risk(δ) failed to achieve the optimal value from 2003 to 2010. The land use was under-utilization in 2003; the status of the land use in 2008 was between the optimal value of"economic return-risk"and the optimal value of"total return-risk"; the intensity of land use in 2010 was too high. Because of the lack of data, it is difficult to estimate the optimal portfolio of the land use in the future.


This issue has led CNES to study and develop an algorithmic method for both in-track and crosstrack controls. This method enables AOC to become more predictable by adding a frozen horizon for upcoming maneuvers. In other words, the predictive AOC method particularly enables the ground segment team to be warned soon enough of the future maneuvers computed by the AOC. If the future maneuvers are known, the orbit is fully predictable and the position of the spacecraft within this period is known in advance within a better accuracy. This is particularly useful to assess the debris collision risk because the predicted satellite trajectory can be compared to known near debris ephemeris.


1 Assistant Professor of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles. However well designed the other parts of an artificial arm may be, the functional success of the upper-extremity prosthesis must ultimately depend upon the adequacy of the coupling between the human being and the inanimate mechanism. Since this man-machine linkage is intended to hold the arm on the stump and to secure from residual body sources the mechanical power necessary for operation and control of the prosthesis, the technique of constructing it has come to be known simply as "harnessing." Because body harness is such ah intimate piece of apparel, and because arm amputees exhibit the same kinds of individual differences as characterize the rest of the population, it seems likely that proper harnessing will long remain a tribute to the personal skill of the prosthetist, despite all advances in prefabricated components. Although the clinic team may prescribe the specifications for a prosthesis within the existing framework of medical and engineering knowledge, the final result depends largely upon the prosthetist's talent for constructing and fitting the harness in such a way as to meet anatomical, physiological, and functional requirements. Functionally, the harness may serve one or more of three purposes: it may hold the prosthesis in place; it may transmit power and excursion to produce force and movement in operating components; it may convey to the wearer the intelligence needed for arm control. In conventional construction of upperextremity prostheses, it has been customary to rely upon the harness for the performance of all three of these services and, further, to obtain them all from a single harness system. Such an arrangement is of course grossly unlike that of the normal limb, where the control function, mediated by the nervous system, is clearly separated from the functions of suspension and of power transmission. Only in externally powered prostheses, as for examples the TBM Electric Arm and the Vaduz hand, has an attempt been made to separate the control function from the power and suspensory functions. Although to date such devices have not proved to be as useful or reliable as simpler ones, they are representative of an approach which may, in the long run, lead to far more refined limb substi-


Mixed-signal chips present the engineering team with a dilemma. Even if all the blocks, including the analogue blocks, have been validated separately, the result can be a failed chip. Verifying the interaction between blocks should be mandatory. But high device density means it is not practical to debug the silicon after manufacture. So design validation before tape-out is critical. The process of simulating a complete system-on-chip or system-in-package at transistor level has become impossible with traditional methodologies. It can take, when it does run, weeks or months for a single test, even with a fast Spice engine, due to capacity limitations and the limited potential for accuracy-versus-speed tradeoffs in analogue blocks. Taking into account parasitic effects makes the simulation problem worse. However, behavioural modelling offers a way forward.


Protected cropping offers a way to bolster food production in the face of climate change and deliver healthy food sustainably with fewer resources. However, to make this way of farming economically viable, we need to consider the status of protected cropping in the context of available technologies and corresponding target horticultural crops. This review outlines existing opportunities and challenges that must be addressed by ongoing research and innovation in this exciting but complex field in Australia. Indoor farm facilities are broadly categorised into the following three levels of technological advancement: low-, medium- and high-tech with corresponding challenges that require innovative solutions. Furthermore, limitations on indoor plant growth and protected cropping systems (e.g., high energy costs) have restricted the use of indoor agriculture to relatively few, high value crops. Hence, we need to develop new crop cultivars suitable for indoor agriculture that may differ from those required for open field production. In addition, protected cropping requires high start-up costs, expensive skilled labour, high energy consumption, and significant pest and disease management and quality control. Overall, protected cropping offers promising solutions for food security, while reducing the carbon footprint of food production. However, for indoor cropping production to have a substantial positive impact on global food security and nutritional security, the economical production of diverse crops will be essential.


A method of solving the problem in the title, a generalization of a method previously described, is proposed and investigated. A better way of solving the computational problem involved is found by means of a transformation. The method can be used for all values of the spectral parameter, and the larger the required eigenvalue, the more effective it is.


Rights to subsistence and development are an important part of human rights. The direct aim to train peasant worker is to solve the problem of how the farmers survive in cities,and the fundamental objective of training them is to solve the problem of how they develop in cities. This paper analyzed the reasons why peasants should be trained on the basis of subsistence right and development right,so as to reveal the key problems in the training of peasant worker at this stage of our country,hoping to provide theoretical reference for training peasants effectively.


The short‐circuit photocurrent from an avalanche photodiode is calculated using an exact solution of the differential transport equations for the multiplication region. The dc electric field and the hole and electron velocities are assumed constant in the avalanche region into which photoelectrons are injected. It is shown that the electron‐ and hole‐ionization coefficients α and β remain constant over a practical range of multiplied photocurrents. Computer studies of the solution show that avalanche multiplication does not reduce the device bandwidth as long as the dc multiplication M0 is less than the ratio of α and β, i.e., as long as M0 α/β. The previously unspecified ``effective'' transit time, τ1, in this equation is approximately τ1 = N(β/α)τ, where N is a number varying slowly from ⅓ to 2 as β/α varies...


REP (Japan Institute of Electronic Packaging) is the largest organization in Japan to investigate and exchange knowledge on Electronic Interconnection and Packaging Issues. The organization first co-organized Environmentally Conscious Engineering in Electronics '96 cooperating with LCA forum of Japan and University of Tokyo / Inverse Manufacturing Laboratory in 1996 and has since been playing major roll in Environmentally Conscious Engineering Issue in Electronic Packaging Industry. The emerging growth of IT(Information. Technology) Industry is expecting huge demand on resource and waste disposal. Elimination of toxic substances, such as VOC, lead in solder, halide in substrate, from waste is still very important subject for JIEP Environmentally Conscious Engineering. However, it should not be the only subject. As no Electronic Equipment is realized without Electronic Packaging Technology ("Jisso" or "Jisso technology" is more commonly used in the industry as it has more integral meaning) the issue of Energy saving, Material saving are also the subjects of Jisso design. Recycling is also a very important subject of material saving and the subject of ecology as well. All these subjects are those of REP EcoDesign Tomorrow. Performance, cost and environmentally conscious thinking are three factors to form axis of Engineering thinking.


Studies oily wastewater treatment in oilfields using polyamidoamine(PAMAM), a new type polymeric dendrimer flocculant. The results revealed that when used in minute amounts (15~20 mg·L -1 ) it could very effectively decrease the oil content, from 320 mg·L -1 to 1 mg·L -1 . Combining PAMAM with some natural polymer coagulator such as soluble starch or carboxyl methyl cellulose in the treatment of oily wastewater, the effect of removal could even be better than that of PAMAM alone, and the amount of PAMAM could be reduced to 5 mg·L -1 .


which we face challenges every day. On one hand, we are concerned with common communicable diseases like influenza, measles, chicken pox, malaria, where we have been able to protect our people with reasonable success, however, number of emerging diseases like dengue, COVID-19 and now Naegleria Fowleri infection is diverting our attention and resources. These emerging infections not only indicate a change in disease agents and host immunity but also reflect the climate change, which in turn is transforming the ecological settings where disease agents live. Man has manipulated nature for his sustenance in the name of development and at the expense of habitat of other living organisms. In doing so, he has exposed himself to certain dangers to his health and well-being. Even behaviors that are adopted for recreation has put him at risk of contracting unusual infections such as Naegleria Fowleri (brain-eating amoeba). Naegleria Fowleri is a free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater environments worldwide. It is a rare but highly lethal pathogen that can cause a devastating brain infection known as primary 1 amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The amoeba enters the body through the nasal passages usually during activities such as swimming or diving in contaminated water. Once inside, it migrates to the brain, where it rapidly multiplies and causes severe inflammation, leading to neurological damage and 2 death. Naegleria Fowleri infections are exceedingly rare, with only a few cases sporadically reported worldwide each year. However, the infection carries an alarmingly high fatality rate and it is estimated to 3 be over 97%. Early symptoms, which could mimic bacterial meningitis, include headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting. As the disease progresses, patients may experience neurological symptoms like seizures, hallucinations, and altered mental status, often leading to a rapid deterioration within a few 1 days. There are almost 20 strains of Naegleria known but only Naegleria Fowleri is pathogenic in humans. Owing to the fact that it has unknown and possibly multifactorial mechanisms of pathogenesis, a deep insight into its genetic background can reveal the reason for severe and rapidly fatal disease. Identification of unique genetic markers (e.g., singletons, novel genes), novel paralogues of known genes or protein families, and genes obtained via horizontal gene transfer will be crucial for understanding the mechanism of disease caused by this deadly pathogen. A genomic approach involving searching whole genome of Naegleria Fowleri could identify novel locations for its clinical manifestations. NaÉgleria Fowleri is a rare infection and infection progresses quickly. The effective treatments pose challenge to the scientific community. Curêently, PAM is treated with a combination of drugs including amphotericin B, azithromycin, f luconazole , r i fampin, mil tefosine, and dexamethasone. Miltefosine is the newest of these drugs. It has been shown to kill Naegleria Fowleri in the laboratory and has been used to treat three 3 survivors. Developing countries do not invest much on recreational facilities such as swimming pool, playing grounds, gymnasiums for the public, therefore children and adults resort to use any water source, even rain water, for swimming and expose themselves to many disease such as gastrointestinal infections and brain eating amoeba. Naegleria Fowleri thrives in warm freshwater environments, such as lakes, rivers, hot springs, and poorly 1 2 Shahid Mahmood Sethi, Muhammad Arslan Tariq NAEGLERIA FOWLERI IS EATING BRAINS OF OUR PEOPLE: ARE WE AWARE OF THAT? EDITORIAL JAIMC


The crossover bias theory for bloat [18] is a recent result which predicts that bloat is caused by the sampling of short, unfit programs. This theory is clear and simple, but it has some weaknesses: (1) it implicitly assumes that the population is large enough to allow sampling of all relevant program sizes (although it does explain what to expect in the many practical cases where this is not true, e.g., because the population is small); (2) it does not explain what is meant by its assumption that short programs are unfit.
 In this paper we discuss these weaknesses and propose a refined version of the crossover bias theory that clarifies the relationship between bloat and finite populations, and explains what features of the fitness landscape cause bloat to occur. The theory, in particular, predicts that smaller populations will bloat more slowly than larger ones. Additionally, the theory predicts that bloat will only be observed in problems where short programs are less fit than longer ones when looking at samples created by fitness-based importance sampling, i.e. samplings of the search space in which fitter programs have a higher probability of being sampled (e.g., the Metropolis-Hastings method). Experiments with two classical GP benchmarks fully corroborate the theory.


Nowadays, Speaking as one of four skills taught in English become popular and very important to be learned. Since 4.0 revolution era has been launched, the students from junior high school to university level are interested to study English especially speaking skill. The study aimed to investigate the significant difference in speaking achievement before and after  the students were taught using Information Gap Activity. The pre-experimental design through one group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The 4th semester students of S1 Nursing Science program at STIK Siti Khadijah Palembang in academic year 2019/2020 was the population of this study. The sample of this study was all of the population of this study. Since the total number of the population was 22 students, they all selected as the sample in this study. The test was administered twice as pretest and posttest. The result of the test was analyzed by using t-test through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science).


Salts of [Nb(CN)8]4– have been prepared; it appears that the anion of the potassium salt is dodecahedral in the solid state and probably antiprismatic in solution.


In this article, we propose an optimal decentralized robust $H_\infty $ control system for the voltage control problem of autonomous uncertain dc microgrids consisting of multiple distributed generations (DGs) with general topology. The one-degree-of-freedom (DoF) structure of the developed control system guarantees the robust performance of the system as well as its robust stability against various sources of uncertainty, such as plug-and-play (PnP) operation of the DGs, topology changes, large load perturbations, different subsequent system changes, and the presence of constant power loads (CPLs). To that end, the uncertain dc microgrid is modeled as a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) polytopic state-space system. Then, a state-feedback control technique based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) with linearly parameter-dependent (LPD) Lyapunov matrices is implemented on the uncertain dc microgrids. The proposed controller does not require any sort of communications, and the robust performance property of the controller eliminates the need for prefilter design. The efficiency of the proposed controller is analyzed by simulating different case studies through SimPowerSystems Toolbox in MATLAB. Finally, the performance of the proposed control method is validated via experimental studies.


The article explores the ways in which the Lebanese cities have evolved since the 1920s and predicts development trends fro the next twenty-five years, basing its analysis on historical research and current fieldwork.


Because the general photodiode array detector(PDAD) cannot avoid the noise and drift resulted from the intensity fluctuation of the light source,a PDAD based on the adaptive noise canceling was designed.The detector realizes the splitting and combining of light by the partial reflecting mirror,and it uses the concave grating as the spectrometer and the PDA as the light sensor.The signal spectrum,reference spectrum and dark current of PDA can be measured on the same PDA under the cooperation of the chopper and accessorial circuits.Because of the adaptive noise canceling for absorption signal of the reference ray and the sample ray,it can effectively depress the influence of the light source's intensity fluctuation.The short-term noise is 1×10~(-5) AU,and the drift is 1×10~(-4) AU/h.


ABSTRACT Metaphors linking the heart to warm intuition and the head to cold rationality may capture important differences between people because some locate the self in the heart and others locate the self in the head. Five studies (total N = 2575) link these individual differences to religious beliefs. Study 1 found that religious beliefs were stronger among heart-locators than head-locators. Studies 2 and 3 replicated this relationship in more diverse samples. Studies 4 and 5 focused on questions of mediation. Heart-locators believed in God to a greater extent partly because of empathy-related processes (Study 4) and partly because they tended to think in less analytic terms (Study 5). These studies extend our knowledge of how metaphors interact with personality processes.


We describe the current, 9-spacecraft Interplanetary Network (IPN). The IPN detects about 325 gamma-ray bursts per year, of which about 100 are not localized by any other missions. We give some examples of how the data, which are public, can be utilized.


Farr and Mandel reanalyze our data, finding initial mass function slopes for high-mass stars in 30 Doradus that agree with our results. However, their reanalysis appears to underpredict the observed number of massive stars. Their technique results in more precise slopes than in our work, strengthening our conclusion that there is an excess of massive stars (>30 solar masses) in 30 Doradus.


In-Circuit-Test (ICT) is an inevitable process for sustaining the quality of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in the assembly and fabrication process. Applying automation to reduce labor and preventing errors in ICT has been studying by academics and industries for decades. Here we demonstrate a robot centric ICT testing system that integrates the peripheral equipment, also including the shop flow control system (SPCS). The graphic programming software – LabVIEW exploits to integrate robot arm, in-circuit test machine, PLC, HMI, and barcode reader. Communication among the facilities and error handling are the main challenges in the automated ICT system development. Heterogeneous communication protocols and third-party devices with unique syntax have caused some programming difficulties. The challenge of error handling is that it might be on hardware, software, or communication. Moreover, these errors may have occurred at 5-6 different facilities with chain effects. The robot arm dominates the main control sequence from the test start to finish. As a result, a steady automated ICT test system with real-time status monitoring has presented. That assists field personnel in eliminating problems quickly and promotes overall production line operation efficiency.


A simple process was developed to convert low value, small bony fish to nutritionally rich edible fish powder without deboning the fish. Dressed and beheaded silver bellies were processed in autoclave at 15 psi for 45 min and dried to moisture below 6%, ground well and packed. The yield of the fish powder varied between 10 to 12% of raw whole fish. Protein, calcium and phosphorus content of edible fish powder were 62.52%, 1310.96mg/100g and 2859.02mg/100g, respectively. The product was acceptable even upto five months. There was no significant variation in crude protein, calcium and phosphorus contents during storage. TVBN, PV, FFA, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and pathogenic coagulase positive Staphylococci , APC and TYM count were monitored at monthly intervals. The edible fish powder finds use as a fortifying agent to improve the food value and taste of different food items


Deposits from a rock avalanche are distributed in the east of Mount Jizo, which is in the northern part of the Akaishi Moun- tains, central Japan. In order to determine the precise age of the rock avalanche run out, I performed dendro wiggle matching of 14 C dates using a fossil log found in the dammed-lake deposits caused by the rock avalanche. It is estimated that the rock avalanche occurred during the period from cal AD778to793(2 σ ).Although no records of large historical earthquakes were found in old documents or reports of geological investigations carried out in this period, the old Japanese document Shoku Nihongi de-scribes significant disasters caused by river floods in the late August of AD779(Julian calendar)around the Akaishi Mountains. Possible heavy rain that caused this flooding could have triggered the rock avalanche.


This thesis is devoted to cultural production in the context of convergence in Quebec. In the first chapter, I demonstrate how different elements have come to shape the contemporary cultural production in Quebec and how media convergence may influence the production and publication of cultural texts. I also expose the foundations of an approach of circulation through which I propose to construct theoretically the subject of my study. The second chapter is devoted to the methodological approach that led to my research. I first presented the field of analysis, the reality TV Occupation Double, as an intertextual phenomenon which I study the various configurations across the main platforms of Quebecor. I continue by describing the corpus of texts under study and the main parameters of analysis inspired by the theory of circulation and the chosen intertextual method. The third chapter reveals the results of analysis, with two media channels which allowed me to observe the possibilities of emergence of characters built around the contestants in reality TV Occupation Double. I initiate a subsequent line of thought on the creation of zones of intimacy performed by these characters. In conclusion, I look back on the evolution of my research and findings and offer a reflection on performed intimacy and possibly approached types to endorse it.


Background: Jogging is an exercise activity such as running - a small run at
speeds below 11km per hour or 5.5 minutes per km which aims to improve
fitness. Adolescents aged 15-18 years are in need of fitness because many do
various activities both during school and after school. Results of a preliminary
study on 10 young men and women proved that teenagers who regularly jogging
have a good fitness level.
Objective: To identify the correlaion between jogging habits with fitness level on
teenager 15-18 years old.
Methods : This research used in this study was observational with cross sectional
approach where a sample of 192 people measured fitness with a test run 2,4 km.
Fitness measurement with a test run of 2.4 km is done by running the sample with
a distance of 2,4 km using parameters such as stopwatch and fitness levels will be
based on the time taken. Data were analyzed using chi square to see whether or
not the the correlaion between jogging habits with fitness level on teenager 15-18
years old.
Results: There was a the correlaion between jogging habits with fitness level on
teenager 15-18 years after statistick with chi square test p-value 0.000 obtained.
Conclusions: There is a the correlaion between jogging habits with fitness level
on teenager 15-18 years old.


Despite being a highly stratified society characterized by caste and class divisions and a state with highest scheduled caste population, Punjab is seldom considered for studying its caste system or a case study of dalit assertion. The objective of this paper is threefold to examine the caste system in Punjab, to discuss the issue of political marginalisation among scheduled castes and finally to analyze the current phase of assertion among the two largest scheduled castes groups in Punjab – the Ad-Dharmis and the Mazhabhis. The paper argues that in the absence of a strong political force to represent the interest of scheduled castes, cultural activism has become an important strategy of assertion leading to greater conflicts in the state. The current phase of cultural assertion of the scheduled castes in Punjab, as witnessed in the emergence of deras, large scale construction of separate gurudwaras and increasing cases of caste and community related violence, could be regarded as end products of social exclusion, lack of long term economic advancement and political marginalization of the scheduled caste community in the state. _______________________________________________________________


This study examined the efficacy of a core kindergarten mathematics program, ELM, a 120-lesson comprehensive curriculum providing instruction in (a) number operations, (b) geometry, (c) measurement, and (d) vocabulary. ELM is designed to address the learning needs of all students, including at-risk students in the general education or Tier I classroom setting. The study utilized a randomized block design, with 64 classrooms randomly assigned within schools to treatment (ELM) or control (standard district practices) conditions. Measures of achievement were collected at pretest and posttest to measure student achievement. Students did not differ on mathematics assessments at pretest. Gain scores of at-risk treatment students were significantly greater than control peers, and the gains of at-risk treatment students were greater than the gains of peers not at risk, effectively reducing the achievement gap. Implications for Tier I instruction in a Response to Intervention (RTI) model are discussed.


retrospective and comparative study on the frequency of various types of leukemia in the past and in recent years, one can clearly note a sharp decline in ALL from over SOvv i-4 to so low an incidence as to doubt its occurrence in the middle and older age groups.58 If one accepts the author's notion that ALL does not occur in elderly patients, this apparent fall in the reported incidence can be explained by our increased understanding of its diagnosis. Regarding ethnic differences, I think no such differences exist.


Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a tool that is famous across the world as a solution to alleviate poverty. Through this tool, lowincome households can have permanent access to a range of high-quality and affordable financial services that are offered by a range of retail providers. Community-based organizations, commonly known as "CBO", play a vital role in providing microfinance to the needy group of people, which determined the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. This research presents a comparative study between Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation microfinance models for providing housing finance to low-income groups. A qualitative approach has been applied to determine the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. In-depth interviews are conducted with working staff and borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation (microfinance organizations). The research concludes that both organizations strive to alleviate poverty and to enhance the living standard of low-income people through mutual support in the system. The study also suggests that these organizations should need to emphasize more on the diversified needs of the poor people and must aim to serve the most extremely poor strata of the population.


High $T_c$ cuprate strange metals are noted for a DC-resistivity that scales linearly with $T$ from the onset of superconductivity to the crystal melting temperature, indicative of a Planckian dissipation life time $\tau_{\hbar}\simeq \hbar /(k_B T)$. At the same time, the optical conductivity ceases to be of Drude form at high temperatures, suggesting a change of the underlying dynamics that surprisingly leaves the $T$-linear DC-resistivity unaffected. We use the AdS/CFT correspondence that describes strongly coupled, densely entangled metals to study DC thermo-electrical transport and the optical conductivities of the local quantum critical Gubser-Rocha holographic strange metal in the presence of a lattice potential, a prime candidate to compare with experiment. We find that the DC-resistivity is linear in $T$ at low temperatures for a range of lattice strengths and wavevectors, even as it transitions between different dissipative regimes. At weak lattice potential the optical conductivity evolves with increasing temperature from a Drude form to a bad-metal characterized by a mid-IR resonance without changing the DC transport, similar to that seen in cuprate strange metals. This mid-IR peak and its temperature evolution can be understood as a consequence of Umklapp hydrodynamics: hydrodynamic perturbations are Bloch modes in the presence of a lattice. At strong lattice potential an incoherent metal is realized instead where momentum conservation no longer plays a role in transport. In this regime the thermal diffusivity can be explained by Planckian dissipation originating in universal microscopic chaos, similar to holographic metals with strong homogeneous momentum relaxation. The charge diffusivity does not submit to this chaos explanation, even though the continuing linear-in-$T$ DC resistivity saturates to an apparent universal slope, numerically equal to a Planckian rate.


The goal of fabricating functional prototypes quickly is hindered by a mismatch of material properties between production materials and those used in rapid prototyping (RP) machines, such as stereolithography. Even when rapid tooling (RT) technologies are utilized for injection molded parts, differences in mold materials cause differences in molded part properties. To compensate for these material and process differences, a design for manufacturing (DFM) method is introduced, called geometric tailoring. The idea is to modify dimensions of prototype parts to match key characteristics of production parts, such as stress and deflection behaviors. For RP parts, the geometric tailoring DFM method integrates two sub-problems, one for achieving functional requirements by matching part behaviors, and one for RP process planning to incorporate manufacturing capabilities and limitations. For parts fabricated by RT, an additional sub-problem is integrated, namely injection molding process planning. Problem decomposition is critical due to the coupled nature of the sub-problems. A problem decomposition and solution procedure is presented. The geometric tailoring method is shown to enable the matching of prototype to production part behaviors, while improving manufacturability.


Mental performance (learning, reading, multiplication) and writing pressure of 66 ten-year-old school children was studied for 2 hours under three conditions: silence (25 dB; 0 noy), continuous (51dB; 2-25 noy) and intermittent (55-78 dB; 2-25 noy) noise. No statistically significant main effects of noise or interaction between noise and personality characteristics were found. However, children with high intelligence solved more items on a multiplication task in noise than in quiet conditions. The reverse was found for children with low intelligence, who were also more affected on the reading task. The results were discussed in terms of arousal theory.


Ki‐ras point mutation characteristically occurs frequently in human pancreatic cancer. To clarify the effect of antisense Ki‐ras RNA on various pancreatic cancer cell lines, a plasmid expressing an antisense Ki‐ras gene fragment (AS‐K‐ras‐LNSX) was transduced into seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC‐1, MIA PaCa‐2, PANC‐1, PSN‐1, BxPC‐3, Hs 700T, and Hs 766T) by liposome‐mediated transfection. Western blot analysis showed that transfection of AS‐K‐ras‐LNSX led to a significant reduction in the amounts of Ki‐ras p21 protein in all the pancreatic cancer cell lines except BxPC‐3. The growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines having Ki‐ras point mutations (AsPC‐1, MIA PaCa‐2, PANC‐1, and PSN‐1) was suppressed after transduction of AS‐K‐ras‐LNSX, whereas the effect of the antisense construct on the growth was not significant in cell lines with a wild‐type Ki‐ras gene (BxPC‐3, Hs 700T, and Hs 766T). These results suggest that the pancreatic cancer cells with activated Ki‐ras depend heavily on a Ki‐ras p21–mediated growth signal pathway for their growth because they were far more susceptible to the suppression of the Ki‐ras p21 protein than the cells with wild‐type Ki‐ras. The remarkably increased dependence of the cancer‐cell growth circuitry on one or a few crucial regulatory molecules may thus be a common feature of the cancer cells and implies a novel rationale for the targeting of cancer therapy. Mol. Carcinog. 20:251–258, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The book is presented the study of two medicinal plants of Balochistan Calotropis procera and Ferula oopoda the phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activites of Calotropis procera and Ferula oopoda. Methanol extract of C. procera and aqueous extract of C. procera showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. FTIR analysis of plants extracts indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, alkanes, carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, glycosidic, protein, aldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, allene, sulfoxides, phenyl ester nitro compounds and imines. The phytochemical analysis was found the different potential classes of organic compounds are carbohydrate, glycosides, alkoids, steroid, saponins, amino acids, phenols and flavonoids, present in the stem, leave, root and flower of indigenous Calotropis procera plant. This study provides a systematic base for isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals from the Calotropis and Ferula plant species and to evaluate their efficacy especially for antioxidant and antibacterial activities


Molecular diffusion is one of several phenomena contributing to establishment of rates of transfer of adsorbed materials from the exterior sites of a porous adsorbent to surfaces bounding inner pore spaces. For many applications of adsorption and ion exchange the rate of intraparticle transport in turn governs the over-all rate of removal of solute from solution. The present work represents an approach to partial characterization of intraparticle transport kinetics by separation and evaluation of component molecular diffusion parameters. Data have been collected for rates of adsorption in several dilute, aqueous, single-solute experimental systems, each comprised of a linear-chain sulfonated alkylbenzene in micromolar concentration as the adsorbate and porous granular carbon as the absorbent. From measurements of rate of removal of solute from bulk solution for each system, and from separate measurements of adsorption isotherms, values for the corresponding coefficients of molecular diffusion have been calculated by numerical integration of the conservation of diffusing mass equation, incorporating an expression for simultaneous adsorption according to the nonlinear Langmuir monolayer model for adsorption. Calculated values for the coefficients of diffusion for the respective solutes, of the order of 10−5−10−7 square centimeter per second, derived from measurements in the experimental systems, agree with values cited in the literature for the same and similar solutes measured in aqueous solution. This accordance indicates that the postulated model for intraparticle transport may be valid for description of the rate-limiting process in agitated nonflow systems similar to those from which the experimental data have been derived. The technique further permits reduction of experimental data to a common parameter to facilitate system-to-system comparisons.


Surface seismic-derived inversion and curvature attribute volumes have been correlated with mapped microseismic hypocenters from hydraulic stimulations to observe characteristics of fractured rock for predictive purposes. Microseisms correlate to positive 3D curvature shapes like domes, ridges, and saddles. Further, mapped microseisms correlate to low P- and S-impedance values. Lame parameters were used to evaluate the extent of the induced fractures to gas-bearing formations.


This study provides a design procedure for the self tuning adaptive control of a CD arm controller. The inputs are the forces of the mechanical actuators while the outputs are related to the tracking accuracy of the arm. The data was measured in closed loop, and then through a two-step procedure converted to open loop equivalent data the inputs are highly colored. Rely on the obtained model, the parameters of the CD player arm will be estimated online and according to those parameters a self tuning poles assignment controller is designed to force the output to track a desire response.