We report a theoretical study of the optical centrifuge acceleration of an asymmetric top molecule interacting with an electric static field by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in the rigid rotor approximation. A detailed analysis of the mixing of the angular momentum in both the molecular and the laboratory fixed frames allow us to deepen the understanding of the main features of the acceleration process, for instance, the effective angular frequency of the molecule at the end of the pulse. In addition, we prove numerically that the asymmetric superrotors rotate around one internal axis and that their dynamics is confined to the plane defined by the polarization axis of the laser, in agreement with experimental findings. Furthermore, we consider the orientation patterns induced by the dc field, showing the characteristics of their structure as a function of the strength of the static field and the initial configuration of the fields.


The invention discloses a gear selecting device of an automobile gearbox. The gear selecting device comprises a gear shifting box, a gear shifting shaft penetrating the gear shifting box, a gear shifting rocker and a limiting part, wherein the limiting part is sleeved on the gear shifting shaft and is limited by a first locating component and a third locating component inside the gear shifting box to perform axial displacement, the gear shifting rocker is fixed on the gear shifting shaft inside the limiting part and can rotate in the circumferential direction inside the limiting part and perform axial displacement via the limiting part, and a spring extension mechanism is arranged on the gear shifting shaft on one side of the limiting part. A limiting function in gear selection of the gearbox is realized with one spring extension mechanism only, the gear selecting device is simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to assemble, and large mounting space is saved.


The SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) driven pandemic was first recognized in late 2019, and the first few months of its evolution were relatively clock-like, dominated mostly by neutral substitutions. In contrast, the second year of the pandemic was punctuated by the emergence of several variants that bore evidence of dramatic evolution. Here, we compare and contrast evolutionary patterns of various variants, with a focus on the recent Delta variant. Most variants are characterized by long branches leading to their emergence, with an excess of non-synonymous substitutions occurring particularly in the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins. In contrast, the Delta variant that is now becoming globally dominant, lacks the signature long branch, and is characterized by a step-wise evolutionary process that is ongoing. Contrary to the star-like topologies of other variants, we note the formation of several distinct clades within Delta that we denote as clades A-E. We find that sequences from the Delta D clade are dramatically increasing in frequency across different regions of the globe. Delta D is characterized by an excess of non-synonymous mutations, mostly occurring in ORF1a/b, and also T140I in ORF7b, and G215C in Nucleocapsid. We conclude that the Delta surge these days is composed almost exclusively of Delta D, and discuss whether selection or random genetic drift has driven the emergence of Delta D.


Abstract The purpose of research is to discover or change laws and theory while the purpose for evaluations is to affix a value to the process or outcome. Research is used to define a cause:effect relationship between independent and dependent variable(s). Currently, such experimental studies either are impossible to conduct in the setting of a disaster or are considered unethical. Until recently, reports of disaster responses primarily have been anecdotal and descriptive with little or no structure. They have had little value in the elimination of hazards, reduction of risks, improvement in the absorbing and/or buffering capacities, reduction in vulnerability, and or enhancement of disaster preparedness. They have served to shape our perceptions of the medical and public-health needs associated with certain events. During the last two decades, methodologies used in the social sciences gradually have been adapted to the study of disasters. Such studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathophysiology of disasters and the effects of specific interventions on the affected populations or populations at risk for an event. Not all aspects of such interventions can be measured, but most can be assessed using qualitative methodologies. The importance of using both qualitative and quantitative assessments of effects is discussed.


The incorporation of rectangular slide-stop structures improve post-bond accuracy by 1.6X achieving a best-in-class relative axial offset of 0.13μm. High-precision bonder with laser-assisted bonding capability enables heterogeneous integration of optical components with higher packing density due to a small heat-affected zone radius of 280μm.


It is reported that some long day or neutral plants, such as Pisum sativum Solarium tuberosum7', Hyacinthus orientalis3,, Raphanus sativus"' and Beta vulgarise', are capable of initiating flower primordia in total darkness**), i.e. independently of light. It seems probable that reactions independent of light are involved in the morphogenetic processes of flower initiation in these cases. In short day plants the dark period plays an essential role in the initiation of flower primordia. But light is also indispensable for the photoperiodic initiation of flower buds, inasmuch as the strong preceding light makes the subsequent dark period effective. So far the present authors are aware, no experiments have been performed to reveal whether a typical short day plant can also initiate flower primordia in complete darkness. The plant used in the present study was a strain of Pharbitis Nil Chois., called "Tendan" which has been obtained through the kindness of Prof. H. Kihara ***'. When the stimulus of short day treatment is strong enough, the growing point of this plant is used up to form a terminal flower primordium and the growth ceases. If the stimulus is less intensive, the growing point gives rise to several axillary flower primordia and continues to develop into a vegetative shoot. Under long day conditions the plant remains strictly vegetative and may attain a large size. From June to July, 1953, seedlings of this strain of Pharbitis were cultured in 18 x 150 mm test tubes on White's culture medium, containing 5/ sucrose and 1 /o agar-agar. They were divided in 6 groups and placed under the following different conditions : 1)


The present research substantiates the logical dependence of the memory of history on personal memory. It proves that such logic underlies the classical tradition. Based on some classic Russian literature and Soviet cinematograph, it proves the rationality of the given statement.


Stress and dynamic characteristics analysis of Multilayer composite flywheel to study its natural frequency, stress and displacement distribution was investigated in this paper. Combined with the rotor structure characteristics, a calculation model was established on the basis of anisotropy symmetric theory. The analytic formulas with flywheel rotor at working speed were obtained. Established the finite element model of the rotor. The radial , hoop stress, radial displacement and dynamic characteristics at a random point were analyzed completely.The results indicate that the safety factor and the natural frequency meet the design requirements.


Routine products are used and procedures are followed in order to prevent and minimize the bacterial contamination of the surgical wound, and thus reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections. ...


This paper studies how foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to ideological convergence across countries. In particular, this report focuses on whether multinational firms transfer freedom of speech (FOS) to local workers in China. Using a large source of individual survey data, it is found that those who work in foreign†invested enterprises (FIEs), especially non†Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (non†HMT) invested enterprises tend to prefer FOS. This is in contrast to enterprises that do not work in FIEs. Such patterns are also observed in other related human rights and cultural measures common to Western democracies, but not China's political and local culture. Using policies on FDI as exogenous instruments, and other complementary identification strategies, a causal link for such an ideological transfer is established.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) for the correction of corneal astigmatism during phacoemulsification.Methods 66 eyes of 60 patients with senile cataract and coexisting keratometric astigmatism were included in the study.Phacoemulsification with concomitant relaxing incisions was performed in 40 eyes of 35 patients in LRIs group.26 eyes of 25 patients only underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were in control group.All patients underwent ophthalmic examination that included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)and corneal topography preoperatively,1 month and 3 months postoperatively.Results Respectively comparing UCVA of two groups 1 and 3 months postoperatively,the P values were considered statistically significant(P < 0.05).At preoperative and postoperative time points,the average corneal astigmatism changes were also significantly different between the two groups.(P < 0.05).Conclusion LRIs performed during phacoemulsification surgery appear to be an effective procedure to reduce pre-existing corneal astigmatism and improve UCVA as well as the visual quality.

Key words:
Limbal relaxing incisions; Phacoemulsification; Cataract; Corneal astigmatism; Topography


In tackling corruption in Indonesia there needs to be concrete preventive efforts, one of these efforts is through the education sector. Investing in anti-corruption values carried out consistently and continuously will foster students' personality attitudes, this can be done by integrating these values into a subject, one of the subjects that focus on the growth and development of student attitudes is the subject of Islamic education and character. This type of research is Library Research. The documentation technique is used in collecting data. Content analysis is applied in analyzing data that has been collected. As well as the deductive thinking patterns used in this study. The objects in this study are Islamic education textbooks and character published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in grade 10, 11, and 12. The results showed that all anti-corruption values recommended by the Ministry of Education and Culture were sufficiently implicit in implicit Islamic textbooks in Islamic education and high school character traits. The form of disclosure of anti-corruption values is reflected through the subject of wetting, expressions, description of a story, forms of events that occur in the environment everyday, in the form of sentences, verses of the Al-Qur'an and the Hadits of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as images contains messages from a material


Background: Schools of nursing use standardized exit examinations as a means of testing student readiness for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). There is little congruency between program policies that govern these exams. A phenomenological study explored policy creation and implementation practices utilized for the Elsevier HESITM Exit Examination (E2). Method: Snowballing and purposive sampling was implemented for recruitment of nurse educators. The Elsevier national database (N=600) nursing programs that used the E2 was employed for initial recruitment. The final sample was comprised of 15 deans, program directors, and faculty from nine different states. Results: The primary reason schools made exit exam policy changes were NCLEX-RN passing scores. In this study E2 was a graduation criterion at 13% (n=2) of the schools. Most schools used a benchmark of 850 for success (n=10) and followed testing with remediation. One essential component of success for the E2 was seen when value was given to the exam. At many schools, policy changes are initiated at the faculty level, unless a higher policy making body hands down a decision. Conclusion: As new polices were written and student success increased, faculty and students alike were found to be accepting of policy changes.


We examine how the formulas of the area and the circumference of a circle related to pi in the ancient Egyptian and the Old Babylonian fields of mathematics have been controversial. In particular, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, Ahmes Papyrus Problem 48 and Moscow Mathematical Papyrus Problem 10 have raised extensive controversy over π. We propose the pi-theory of the Great Pyramid of Khufu as a dynamic symmetry based on Euclid's rectangle. In addition, we argue that the ancient Egyptian or Old Babylonian mathematics influenced Solomon's Molten Sea, Plato and Archimedes' pi.


The ratio of K to K+ meson yields has been measured in the systems 96Ru+96Ru at 1.69 A GeV, 96Ru+96Zr at 1.69 A GeV, and 58Ni+58Ni at 1.93 A GeV incident beam kinetic energy. The yield ratio is observed to vary across the measured phase space. Relativistic transport-model calculations indicate that the data are best understood if in-medium modifications of the kaons are taken into account. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Dw Typeset using REVTEX


Cisplatin (CDDP) was microcapsulated with ethylcellulose. These CDDP-microcapsules (CDDP-m. c.) were prepared based on the principles of coacervation, with modification. Sustained release of CDDP from the microcapsule, especially non-protein-bound CDDP which has antitumor activity, was clearly demonstrated by an invitro test. By a bioassay method, it was proved that biological activity of CDDP was not affected by the micro-encapsulation process here employed. When CDDP-m. c. were infused into the maxillary artery of patients with carcinoma of maxillary sinus or oral cavity, CDDP level in the circulating blood was significantly lower than those of patients administered non-encapsulated CDDP intravenously. However, significantly high CDDP concentration in tumor tissue was found in the patients treated with CDDP-m. c. These results suggest that selective arterial infusion of CDDP-m. c. could exerts an intensive topical antitumor effects through microinfarction effect and prolonged drug release with decreased systemic side effect.


Direct current motors (DC motor) are used in the small electric devices commonly. Brushed DC motors are cheap and easy to install, thus their popularity. Although the popularity, faults occur which make diagnosis and detection of faults very important. It avoids financial loss and unexpected shutdown operation causes by these faults. This paper is a present characterization of brushed DC motor with brush fault using thermal signature analysis. To organize the character, the temperature profile of DC motor was analysed using the K-type thermocouple with data logger. The thermocouples were mounted on 4 part of the DC motor, casing, permanent magnet, brush and bearing. The temperature data of DC motor with faulty brush and healthy DC motor were measured by thermocouple and recorded using data logger in real time until steady state temperature, under different load. The analysis on the steady state temperature of brush fault can be conclude through recognisable of characteristics temperature difference with a healthy motor.


Reviews the recent studies on the infrared low-emissivity thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering process on glass or other flexible substrates. According to domestic and foreign earlier works, the principle of energy saving, different ways in preparation, layer structure and optical thermal properties of this kind of films are discussed comparatively. In particular the silver oxidation and higher transparency of dielectric layers are discussed in detail since they are now focused in respect to the study on infrared low-emissivity thin films.


OSAIC sectors which are completely deficient for specific chromosome regions can be produced by utilization of various types of chromosome behavior which result in the elimination, through loss or exchange, of the non-deficient region covering the deficiency. It was early recognized that such methods might be utilized for the production of viable tissue homozygous for X chromosome deficiencies which would not be tolerated by the zygote.


. A 2-year old intact female mongrel dog was admitted with multifocal skin lesions appearing suddenly and extending symmetrically over most of the body. The dog was living indoors and one day before the admission it had consumed cooked fish. Neither medication, nor vaccination had been given to the dog, at least during the last 3 months. Physical examination revealed only non-pruritic and non-painful macules, papules and plaques that were distributed mainly over the head, pinnae, neck and thorax. The lesions were annular, aeriform or serpiginous with a tendency to coalesce. Skin histopathology (H-E) revealed a superficial dermal edema, post-capillary venule congestion and perivascular to interstitial eosinophilic dermatitis as the main pattern. The dog was initially placed on oral vitamin E, sulphasalazine and doxycycline, but to no avail. As soon as the diagnosis of eosinophilic dermatitis with edema was confirmed by histopathology, the former treatment stopped and oral prednisolone was given for two months during which there was a remarkable improvement of skin lesions and complete disappearance with no relapse. The cooked fish, consumed by the dog the night before the incident, was assumed to be the cause of the acute eosinophilic hypersensitivity reaction.


Based on the basis of technological developments improved in the global structure of the new world order, geographic borders form an obscure line for the economic system. National and international markets offer a more embedded structure due to the enlargement of the international trade and commercial alternatives in the new formation shaped by financial and economic integration. It is vitally important for the market participants to explain the interaction between the markets in a mathematical way. This study, also, is a product of the purpose of explaining these relations and the route was determined by the financial crisis. Mathematical measure in the context of the national markets for a shock occurring in an international market in the interwoven structure was evaluated as the main descriptor of the relations between the markets. While Granger causality test, VAR and impulse response analysis were used in the study including the period of 1990-2000 within its scope, the interaction between the markets was considered in terms of developed and under-developed market differentiation.


Objective:To study the relationship between pregnant outcome and blood glucose concentration in pregnant women with normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT) and abnormal Glucose Challenge Test(GCT).Methods:Medical histories of 990 pregnant women in Shanghai Jiaotong University Sixth Affiliated Hospital between Jun.2003 and Dec.2005 were retrospectively abstracted.After comparing GCT,OGTT,fetal body weight,ad delivery mode,there were 359 cases of normal OGTT and abnormal GCT.Results:The prevalence of macrosomia and dystocia were higher in normal OGTT,abnormal GCT pregnant women(11.1%) than normal GCT women(5.8%);And the fasting blood glucose,2 hr glucose levels and glucose area under curve(AUC) of OGTT in macrosomia were higher than those with normal body weight.In women whose fasting glucose 4.62mmol/L,2 hr glucose 8.31mmol/L,and glucose AUC 22.77mmol/L in OGTT,the incidence of macrosomia and cesarean section increased.The glucose value associated with fetal body weight when 2 hr glucose over than 8.31mmol/L.Conclusions:This result notes that monitoring of 2 hr blood glucose concentration is more important than fasting blood glucose concentration.Attention should also be put on those pregnant women who have normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,abnormal Glucose Challenge Test.


[…}it is certainly interesting and probably valuable to examine with some care and in detail the evolution of this play, written originally in French; translated by Elmar and Jonas Tophoven into German as Was Wo; staged in 1983 by Alan Schneider as part of an evening of three plays; and finally directed by the author in a completely revised form for German television in Stuttgart in the summer of 1985.


This study investigated the awareness of Open Access Scholarly Publication among Lecturers in the University of Benin in Edo State, Nigeria. Six research questions were raised. The descriptive research design was employed for the study. The population for the study consists of the lecturers of the University of Benin in Edo State. A sample of 70 lectures were randomly selected in the University of Benin Main Library. The structured questionnaire entitled Open Access and Scholarly Publishing Questionnaire (OASPQ) was the instrument used for data collection. Frequency count and simple percentage were used to analyze the data. The study found that the lecturers of the University of Benin were aware of open access scholarly publication and that the main channel through which they became aware was through their colleagues. Increased impact and free online access are some of the advantages of open access to the respondents. However, unstable power supply and unavailability of internet facilities were some of the constraints encountered. Provision of constant power supply and the establishment of institutional repositories were some of the strategies suggested to enhance Open Access for scholarly publications. It therefore recommends that constant power supply and establishment of institutional repositories should be provided by the University management so as to enhance open access of scholarly publishing to the development of scholarship among its lecturers.


Probably one of the most consistently underrated obligations of management is that derived from common law. This is enshrined in the phrase — the employer must take reasonable care not to subject his employees to unreasonable risks. This is not surprising because the insertion of a word as imprecise as 'reasonable' leaves so many loopholes. The standard of reasonableness cannot, for example, guarantee absolute safety. Some work will always be, to some extent, dangerous, yet if ordinary commercial and industrial life is to continue the work must be done.


The equilibrium characteristics of conductivity s(Т) and Hall coefficient R H (Т) were researched in temperature region of 290 – 430 К for CdTe:V single crystal. Samples under study were taken from different parts of the ingots grown by vertical Bridgman technology from synthesized material with stoichiometric content in thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of the phases. The ingots had various impurity concentrations in the melt ( 5·10 18 and 1·10 19 сm -3 ) and different cooling speed after the growth (500 К·hour -1 and 50 К·hour -1 ). The grown material was semi-isolating with n-type conductivity (ρ 300К  @2·10 9 -1·10 10 Ω·сm), rather homogeneous along the ingot, but electron Hall mobility decreased towards the upper part of it. Electric parameters of the samples which were cooled more quickly after the growth did not change after the measuring cycle. Heating of slowly cooled crystals was accompanied by irreversible changes by increase of free carriers concentration and decrease of mobility. The cause of the observed changes may be additional generation of defects of acceptor type during heating which affects the compensation conditions.


A detailed analysis of energy conversions in a fully developed channel flow on a sloping plane is provided. It is the lowering of the centre of mass that releases potential energy which, of course, ultimately will leave the domain as a boundary heat flux. A mathematical model, based on the conservation laws for heat and momentum and a one-equation turbulence model, is used for the purpose. As the calculations include the viscous region, the turbulence model is extended to include low-Reynolds number effects. Verification studies are carried out by comparing predictions with data from laboratory experiments. The model is thereafter used to analyse the conversions of energy from its first appearance as a source term in the mean kinetic energy equation till it finally leaves as a boundary heat flux. The model provides a clear and consistent picture of all the details in the budgets and fluxes involved.


Amphiphilic acrylic acid copolymer resin (WDR-PAA) was prepared by hydrophilic monomer, hydrophobic monomer, and functional monomer (diacetone acrylamide: DAAM). The effect of acid value and DAAM concentration on the water-solubility was investigated. The coating properties of the amphiphilic acrylic acid copolymer resin and its film were measured, which showed excellent properties in hardness, gloss and water resistance. It was applied to prepare the humidity-sensitive breathable coatings. The amphiphilic acrylic copolymers contain many carboxyl groups and high hydroxy groups. Therefore, the amphiphilic acrylic copolymer resin film shows good water absorption property. The water-sensitive breathable coatings consist of the amphiphilic acrylic copolymer and porous fillers. According to measuring absorption humid- ity/dehumidity properties of the coating and the surface morphology analysis, it could be widely applied in indoor coating for controlling humidity.


Communities adjacent to forest are faced with a challenge of balancing their labour allocation decisions to the different household activities. This study was done around Kakamega forest in Western Kenya and examined empirically the factors influencing households' labour allocation to agriculture, forest and non-farm activities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 140 households, on household characteristics and key policy parameters affecting labour allocation. A labour share model similar to standard models of commodity or factor demand was used in estimation. The study findings indicate that wage returns on each activity positively influence labour allocation. Additionally education level of household head has a negative influence on forest and non-farm labour shares while positive on agriculture labour share. Other factors like size of landholding and family size all affect household labour allocation decision. These findings have implications for the type of policies needed to support improved labour supply decisions in the rural sector. Investment in livelihood activities in the rural set-up would largely draw much labour to this sector, hence reduced pressure in the forest ecosystems.


An insect, Aedes Aegypti, has invaded South America and it is the origin of different illness. While we advance in discovering a vaccine, the most effective tool for fight against the disease is prevention and the elimination of the places where the mosquito can develop. While it is discussed about the necessity of improving legislation and the ways to deal the epidemic with State´s limited resources, the Courts has stated a wide obligation of the State in the field of health protection. An alternative for getting a better health service could be the use of regional cooperation and exchange of information.


In 1966 anthropologist Edward Hall coined the term "proxemics," an area of study that identifies the culturally dependent ways in which people use interpersonal distance to understand and mediate their interactions with other people [2]. While his theory of proxemics has many aspects to it, perhaps the most relevant to HCI are his definitions of four proxemic "zones," which characterize how people interpret interpersonal distance: intimate (less than 1.5 feet), personal (1.5 to 4 feet), social (4 to 12 feet), and public (12 to 25 feet). As these names imply, closer distances lead to increasing expectations of interpersonal engagement and intimacy. In practice, people adjust these distances not only to match their social activities, but also to raise defense mechanisms when others intrude into these zones. Hall also described how features within the space affect people's interactions. "Fixed features" include those that mark boundaries (e.g., entrances to a particular type of room), where people tend to organize certain kinds of social activities within these boundaries. "Semi-fixed features" are entities whose position can affect whether the space tends to bring people together or move them apart (for example, the arrangement of chairs). To understand why this is important to ubiquitous computing (ubicomp), we need to revisit the ubicomp vision. In 1991 Mark Weiser—recognized as the founder Proxemic Interactions: The New Ubicomp?


During two consecutive years, from january 1985 to december 1986, studies were carried out on mosquitoes living in the internodes of bamboo in two distinct regions, the Atlantic Forest of the Serra do Mar and the First Plateau, both in the state of Parana, Brazil. These dendricolous habitats are very different from other recorded mosquito breeding sites. The internodes of the green, living bamboo are closed reservoirs of water with only some small, lateral holes made by boring insects Eucalyptra barbara Schaus, 1894 and Eucalyptra fumida Schaus, 1894 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), and other animals. The water in the internodes derives from the bamboo itself. These are the first observations of this breeding behavior. Some females entirely enter the hole to oviposit while others dont't. Similar, artificially constructed habitats were studied at the same time by producing transvere openings and introducing water into the reservoir. Seventeen species of dendricolous mosquitoes were observed utilizing this unique habitat. Additional studies have elaborated other behavioral aspects of these mosquitoes.


The biological activity of Prodenia litura treated with the compound pesticides of emamectin benzoate with chlorfluazuron was determined.The results showed that the compound pesticides of emamectin benzoate mixed with chlor-fluazuron(1:10) had the most significant synergistic effect on Prodenia litura larve.The results of control trial for Prodenia litura in cabbage with 2.2% Emamectin benzoate·Chlorfluazuron EC showed that the control effect arrived 72.25% -82.96% after 10 d with 600 mL/hm2,900 mL/hm2,1200 mL/hm2.


Introduction Alphabetical List of Regional Interest Magazines, 1950-1988 (Arranged by date founded) Chronological List of Regional Interest Magazine Titles, 1950-1988 (Arranged alphabetically by state) Geographical List of Regional Interest Magazine Titles, 1950-1988 Appendix A: Representative List of Geographically Identified Magazines, 1743-1949 (Arranged alphabetically) Appendix B: List of Library Holdings Symbols (Arranged alphabetically by state)


The colour of facades, roofs, construction equipment and domestic appliances is, in many cases, applied to flat steel or aluminium in the coil coating process. "Finish first – fabricate later" is the slogan, which describes this process where galvanised steel strip is coated (painted) and re-coiled prior to transport to the fabricators for processing including cutting, forming and assembling. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the paint layers from the coil coating process. Where high levels of humidity and climatic stresses prevail, hot-dipped galvanised steel is used. Prior to painting, the substrate first has to be prepared for painting by adequate cleaning and pretreatment. The first coat to be applied on the topside is a 5-8μm thick primer then, following the first drying cycle, the topcoat, approximately 20μm thick, is applied. This gives the material its desired colour. At the same time the underside is also painted. Here, too, a primer is frequently applied, with a backing coat as a second layer. In some cases a functional single layer backing coat is sufficient. The primer ensures good adhesion to the substrate and it is also the adhesion promoter for the topcoat. A balanced combination of these adhesion properties ultimately controls the performance and corrosion protection of the coated metal. Today, modern coil coating lines use chromate-free universal primers which are suitable for virtually all applications. All outdoor and indoor building applications and the materials for domestic appliances, are coated with just one primer, which is based on high molecular, saturated polyester resins combined with active nonchromate anti-corrosive pigments. This formulation is in compliance with tight environmental legislation like RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) in electrical and electronic equipment) and provides a sustainable product for the forthcoming REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) process. In the course of development, and with the use of the chromate-free universal primer on coil coating lines[1] Authors: Michael Dornbusch, Markus Hickl, Kristof Wapner and Lothar Jandel BASF Coatings AG


It is possible to immunize against any genotype variants of chikungunya virus, vaccine compositions for the prevention and treatment of chikungunya virus infection is disclosed. More particularly, the present invention is capable expressed as virus-like particles for use as a vaccine antigen against chikungunya virus infection, discloses protein translated a particular nucleotide sequence and therefrom. The compositions disclosed in the present invention is a protective against any genotype variants of chikungunya virus may be propagated in any suitable disease mediated organisms including Aedes and Aedes aegypti.


The Center for the Rehabilitation of Psychoses at Rho was established in 1980 to deal with the phenomenon of new chronicity displayed by a contingent of young psychotics for whom there was no need to prolong hospitalization following resolution of the acute phase. Social reintegration, however, meant exposing them to an exceedingly complex situation, with a constant risk of marginalization and recurrence. The rehabilitative practice of the center took its inspiration from a model that conceives the levels of biological, behavioral, and environmental organization as being in global, dynamic interaction. According to this model, an unfavorable balance among vulnerability, competence, and stressors produces an acute episode. To avoid a recurrence of such episodes, it becomes necessary to introduce protective factors (pharmacological and psychological interventions) that can raise the patient's vulnerability threshold; also, it is indispensable to act on the environment to limit stress factors, e.g., through interventions of a psychological nature, focused on the family and encouraging emotional expression. Accordingly, treatment may be said to consist of a global and integrated set of therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions.


This case report of a 4-year-old boy has a particularly clear clinical history and pattern of hypomania. Besides hyperactivity and emotional lability, which has previously been described in the offspring of a bipolar parent, the boy displayed pathologically prolonged states of emotional arousal to minimal stimulus, as well as euphoria, overtalkativeness, irritability, episodic states of frenzied activity, and minor depressive feelings. Because the clinical picture was so clear, the identification of possible hypomanic behavior in other young children may be aided.


Education is the foundation of development, and the modernization of education is an important part of the modernization of national governance. But at present, China's education modernization is still in the primary stage, and there are many deficiencies in the process of development. Thought is the source of action; only under the premise of forming the concept modernization can we better promote the development of national education modernization. Therefore, this paper puts forward the research on the development of national education modernization under the guidance of concept modernization. In the research, this paper makes an in-depth study on the current development of education modernization, and analyzes the shortcomings in the current education modernization. In view of the characteristics of education modernization and the deficiencies in the current development, in order to improve the ability of China's education modernization, combined with the core elements of the concept of modernization, this paper puts forward the optimization and improvement measures for the existing education modernization mode. Through the analysis, this paper believes that in the current national education modernization development process, the establishment of concept modernization is the basic premise of realizing education modernization, and the research of this paper makes up for the lack of research in this field to a certain extent, and makes contributions to the research field of educational modernization.


Firstly,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) basic principle is explained.Secondly,some conventional PCR temperature controllers are summarized,including conventional PID controller,improved PID controller and fuzzy logic controller.Finally,by applying fuzzy logic into PID control,a self-tuned PID fuzzy logic PCR temperature control system with concise fuzzy logic rules is designed and satisfying temperature control results are gained.


The paper investigates soya bean biomass production on brown forest soil (cambisol) under conditions of dry farming and irrigation. The experimental studies were carried out on brown forest soil in Mladenovac during 2011 and 2012. The subject-matter of this research was Proteinka, a domestic soya bean cultivar, grown under conditions of natural water regime and two irrigation variants. The results showed that irrigation had caused significantly larger plant height and pod mass per plant. In the biennial average, the best results were achieved with the second irrigation variant (three waterings). Therefore, what can be recommended for soya bean production under these agro ecological and soil conditions is three waterings with the amount of water higher than optimal. This irrigation system will lead to more favourable relative humidity of air, considering soya bean is equally sensitive to soil and air drought during gametogenesis.


This paper presents a design of metadata engine based on a relational database architecture for a TV-Anytime compliant set-top box. As TV-Anytime metadata is described in XML, it is split into a set of fragments when it is transferred. The proposed metadata engine is designed so that access to fragment metadata can be minimized when responding to metadata requests from various set-top box applications.


Objective To draw a training plan of prevent and cure tuberculosis adapt to village doctors. Method The village doctors in experimental group accepted participatory approach training and control group accepted customary training. After one year, the village doctor's knowledge of prevention and cure of tuberculosis were investigated using questionnaire. Conclusion Village doctors in experimental group have stronger consciousness of prevention and cure of tuberculosis, and they can publicize the health knowledge actively.


This article by Edward N. Wolff of New York University examines trends in convergence in OECD countries toward U.S. productivity levels during the postwar period and finds strong evidence for this phenomenon up to 1990, with rapid growth in investment, education, and R&D in OECD countries accounting for the catch-up. The process of convergence seems to have ended in the 1990s, reflecting slower growth in OECD countries, a diminishing of the forces behind the convergence process given the narrowing of the productivity gap with the United States, and perhaps most important, the acceleration of productivity in the United States.


The effect of cold‐working and annealing on fine particle Co–P and Co–N–P electrodeposits is described. It is shown that the rod‐type structure is sensitive to both cold‐working and annealing while the platelet structure is sensitive only to annealing. Quantitative differences in response to annealing are discussed. It is suggested that both rod and platelet particles are coated with a thin layer of nonmagnetic cobalt‐cobalt phosphide or nickel‐nickel phosphide. This nonmagnetic coating explains both the high coercivity of the samples and the effect of annealing.


While the concepts of "wish" and "wish fulfillment" have indeed remained central since the start of classical psychoanalysis, they are only weakly anchored both in theory and practice. It has become common today for psychoanalysts to use the term "to wish" in the sense of "to want" or "to intend." As a first step, it will be emphasized that "wish" should not be constructed along the lines of "intention." An examination of the relationship of "wish" to "wish fulfillment" is then followed by an evaluation of its practical significance for psychoanalysis and for our understanding of mental life in a general sense. Turning to an example dream sequence, we will arrive at the psychoanalytic core of the issue: the assumption of hidden, non-obvious, non-recognizable wish fulfillment scenarios. At this point in the discussion, a method of access will be sketched out - the dramaturgical approach - that, although it makes use of the idea of free association, does so in a manner that diverges from Freud's original recommendation.


Study on the measures taken by the Ecuadorian law to prevent taxpayers from being affected by the phenomenon of double taxation. We'll study the applicability of bilateral and multilateral measures, which are reduced to International Conventions for the Avoidance of Double Taxation, against Ecuadorian domestic legislation. Consequently, we'll demonstrate that within the applicability of the Conventions for the Avoidance of Double Taxation according to our internal regulations, the constitutional principle of equality is violated. Afterwards, we will study in a specific manner the methods or tools that Ecuadorian legislation has implemented in the Conventions to Avoid Double Taxation. Finally, a comparison of the treatment that involves the application of each method determined in the Conventions and in Article 49 of the Law on Internal Taxation. We'll demonstrate that applying the methods contained in our tax system, the constitutional principle of equality in its horizontal field and the principle of neutrality are violated.………………


Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel COVID-19 infection a pandemic. Among high-risk patients infected by the virus, upper gastrointestinal cancer patients, similar to other immunosuppressed patients, are vulnerable to developing more severe infections. Most of the routine activities of medical centers, especially cancer surgery centers worldwide, are affected by the epidemic. Thus, some modifications are needed to adjust international protocols to deal with upper gastrointestinal cancers worldwide.
Methods: The headings of upper gastrointestinal cancer management protocols have been discussed among the university-affiliated professors in different disciplines involved in upper gastrointestinal cancer management at the first peak of COVID-19 in Iran in March 2020. The discussions were done through an interactive application (WhatsApp and Telegram) in which participants considered the headlines and the latest news about COVID-19. Under each heading, we provide the consensus of all members in the related disciplines.
Recommendations and Conclusion: All members agreed to choose the most effective and the least hazardous recommendations regarding patients and medical staff in each specialty. The members understand that some recommendations may intervene with the standard best practice and reduce the best outcome that the patient can gain with standard management. Therefore, these recommendations are legitimate simply at the peak of the epidemic COVID-19 situation or the surge of any other unknown situations that we may encounter in the future. According to the consensus of cancer surgery professors in several cancer surgery centers, patients with T1 and T2 gastric cancer without lymph node involvement should undergo upfront surgery. Patients with T3 or more and/or lymph node involvement will have total neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the surgery should be delayed until the end of the COVID-19 peak. Diagnostic laparoscopy should be postponed during the peak of COVID-19 till after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Upfront surgery should be performed in patients with esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma or SCC) with T1 or T2 and without lymph node involvement. In patients with T3 or more and/or lymph node involvement, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended. Endoscopic stent placement is preferred for patients who complete neoadjuvant CRT during the peak of COVID 19 and have severe dysphagia. A PET-CT scan will be performed in patients without dysphagia. In the status of high uptake, surgery is reasonable, but in low uptake status without any dysphagia, only conservation is our suggestion.


A gold-shunted Nb nanoSQUID (SQUID: superconducting quantum interference device) operated in open-loop current-biased mode has been used to measure flux changes in the presence of nearby nanoparticles of native horse-spleen ferritin (magnetic moment μ≤300μB). The ferritin nanoparticles were attached to one of the nanobridge junctions using appropriately functionalized organic linker molecules. Calculations of the coupling between an idealized nanoSQUID and a nearby ferritin magnetic moment are used to illustrate the dependence of the coupled flux on the nanoparticle–nanoSQUID separation and the dimensions of the SQUID loop. Flux changes calculated for the reversal of a ferritin magnetic moment coupled to the nanoSQUID are consistent with some, but not all, of the measured flux changes. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms involved.


October 30, 2018 2073 Belén Arroyo Rivera, MD Pepa Sánchez-Borque, MD Miguel Orejas, MD, PhD Álvaro Aceña, MD, PhD Jose Tuñón, MD, PhD In Response: We thank Dr Rodriguez et al, Dr Madias et al, and Dr Gottschalk et al for their interest in our article. In response to the comment by Dr Rodriguez et al in which they explain that ischemia in the left anterior descending artery proximal to the first septal or first diagonal branches would cause a mirror image on the inferior leads, we would like to point that this clarification is already included in the original article:


In view of the existing problems in the field oriented control,a set of field oriented control system hardware platform based on the high-speed digital signal processor(DSP) is designed.and the hardware platform is used to complete the experiment.At the same time,the system software design flow chart is proppsed,There is some help for design study of the induction motor field oriented control.


Freight trains are a relevant source of environmental noise and require an acoustical assessment to quantify the exposure of the population using noise mapping. Once the results of the noise calculations have been developed, it might be necessary to adopt mitigation strategies that
 can be validated using these noise models. It is becoming increasingly common to undertake some form of validation exercise to cross-reference the calculated levels with measurements to reduce the uncertainty in the action planning. Based upon the results of the monitoring, the measured data
 may then be stratified regarding the source data and meteorological data and introduced into the calculation model, to enable the model to replicate the situation during the measurement windows (meta-models). The results from the calculations of each of these meta-models may then be compared
 with the noise measurement results as the basis for the validation study. This paper presents an overview of a verification project undertaken in South America where such a process was followed using the CNOSSOS-EU as the basis of comparison.


This paper presents the results from a survey conducted to investigate level of service expectations for parking lots and sidewalks. Survey respondents were asked a number of questions relating to their winter maintenance expectations and their willingness to pay for higher maintenance standards. Questions were designed with realistic scenarios in mind, and aimed to uncover three aspects of public opinion towards winter maintenance: level of service expectations, opinions on the effect of winter maintenance on the environment, and willingness to contribute financially to sustainable alternatives. The collected data is useful in understanding the attitudes of business customers and the general public toward winter maintenance and its effect on the environment, infrastructure, society and economy. These results can be used for further research investigating new technologies, methods for winter maintenance practices, or developing practical guidelines to supplement existing practices. Municipalities and businesses can also use these results to evaluate the benefits of modifying their winter maintenance practices from a user-based perspective.


Based on the test and analysis of iron-ore tailing and the project practice of the base course of pavement in high-grade highways, this article describes the characteristics of t applying the materials to the base course, and put forward to a method for mix design and construction technology that iron-ore tailing is used as an aggregates of base course, with a reference basis of application to the similar projects.


Preface List of Tables List of Plates Glossary PART I: The Business, Life and Times of Frederick Cornes 1 Background to Trading with Meiji Japan 2 The Life and Career of Frederick Cornes 3 Lasting Success of the Cornes' Enterprise 5 The Legacy of Frederick Cornes PART II: The Frederick Cornes Correspondence Summaries of letters Appendices: 1 Frederick Cornes: Abbreviated Family Tree 2 John Corns: Summary of Will 3 Frederick and Henrietta Cornes: Summary of Wills 4 Frederick Cornes: Transcribed Will 5 William Gregson Aspinall: Abbreviated Family Tree 6 William Gregson Aspinall: Summary of Will 7 Partners in the Cornes' Enterprise 8 Aspinall, Cornes: Principal Trade Items, and Prices 9 Cornes's Links with P 10 Japanese Imports Bibliography Index


A vital aspect of word knowledge is knowledge of collocations. Regarding its central role in accurate and fluent use of words, it is essential to consider collocation learning as integral to the study of vocabulary. While different methods are proposed for teaching collocations, the efficiency of these methods is yet subject to question. This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of corpus-based learning of verb-noun collocations as opposed to the traditional methods. To this aim Collin Collocation Dictionary was used as a concordancing tool for learning collocations. Forty five upper-intermediate students divided randomly into control and experimental groups were studied. A pre-test was conducted to both groups before the experiment. Next, in 4 subsequent weeks, the experimental group was provided with 24 concordance collocations and was required to identify the collocations and miscollocations while the control group received traditional collocation training through texts. At the end of the teaching procedure a post-test as well as a writing task were administered to compare students' collocation learning and their accurate application of collocations in the writing task. In a final step, an interview was conducted to gain insight into students' perceptions of the design. The results indicated the experimental groups' advantage in collocation acquisition as well as their application in writings. The interview results with seven students indicated their positive perceptions of the corpus-based design despite the reported limitations.


Sigaloseps is a genus of two species of scincid lizards endemic to the southern ultramafic region of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. The morphology, distribution, and habits of the moderately widespread species Sigaloseps deplanchei are reviewed. The other species in the genus represents a new taxon known only from two high altitude sites above 1,000 m asl. The conservation status of both species is assessed. Sigaloseps deplanchei is not regarded as threatened. The new species, Sigaloseps ruficauda, by virtue of its restricted distribution and habitat preference, is likely to be adversely affected by habitat modification, and is regarded as vulnerable.


In Greece in general and subsequently in the Achaias Prefecture, several units of paper production exist. Many of them are not located in Industrial Areas and so they contribute significantly to the environmental pollution. The most adverse environmental problem caused by these manufacturing units, is considered to be the release of large quantities of raw liquid effluents, mainly into the aquatic ecosystems. These wastes contain a high organic load, chlorinated compounds (AOCl), high levels of suspended solids, as well as phenols and lignins resulting in hazardous effects on aquatic receivers, like toxicity and eutrophication. In this study, the toxicity of the wastewaters from two paper mills (PM1 and PM2) located in Achaias prefecture is estimated, firstly by using macroinvertebrates (Daphnia pulex και Thamnocephalus platyurus) in the form of microbiotests Thamnotoxkit F and Daphtoxkit FTM pulex, and secondly by using the trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) as a test organism. Sixteen samples were collected from both units overall (four duplicated samples from each mill). In the toxicity tests Thamnotoxkit F, Daphtoxkit FTM pulex and trout, the L(E)C50 in 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively were calculated according to the protocols. Thamnotoxkit F showed no sensitivity for the wastewaters from both mills. After the transformation of these values in toxic units, for Daphtoxkit FTM pulex ranged from 0,79 - 1,12 for PM1 and 1,21 - 1,38 for PM2. In the trout bioassay they varied from 2,92 - 4,85 for PM2, while the values for PM1 were zero. These values classify the tested paper mill effluents as "toxic", except sample B from PM1 which was classified as "slightly toxic". Therefore, it is shown that the paper mill which uses recycled paper as primary raw material (PM2) has more toxic waste for the environment than the paper mill which uses pre-treated paper pulp (PM1). Finally, it must be noted that the present study is the first toxicity evaluation study with bioindicators for paper mill wastewaters in our country, even though they contribute significantly to the environmental pollution. It is estimated that the measured toxicity parameters in the present study will be very useful for the designing of management plans, as well as for risk assessment models.


Here we provide the step by step procedure to end that the Generalized Lie Theory converges to one solution, that is the Universe. We consider the Hyperbola; Rotation Matrix, the Cross and Dot Products; Euler's formula, Communicator, and Astrotheology Mathematics. They all converge to one final solution.


Over the years, full-color flat panel displays, represented by thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal displays (LCD), have enabled many new applications, such as the digital camera, notebook PC and thin, flat-screen TV, through intensive research activities around the world. Recently, small-sized mobile display development has been leading the R&D effort to support the severe requirements of smartphones and tablet PCs. For the displays used in those applications, high definition, high visual quality, low power consumption, small form factor and easy-to-use touch userinterface (UI) are critical values. Trends exhibit that even higher pixel density and lower power consumption will be required for future smart devices. In this presentation, the mobile display market and recent technical achievements are reviewed. In addition, expectations for semiconductor technologies to enable the development of future displays and user interfaces will be discussed.


Whereas size effects have been investigated extensively and are largely understood, it is significantly more challenging to elucidate how functional properties of semiconductors can be altered and ultimately be improved by a hierarchical nanoarchitecture. For semiconductor applications, such as in photovoltaics or photocatalysis, it is of great importance to learn how to avoid the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and how to enhance their lifetime. A gas-phase synthesis method is explored, which enables the generation of spherical zinc oxide nanostructures with compact, mesoporous, a special type of core−shell, so-called yolk−shell, or hollow character. The particles with hollow character exhibit an extraordinarily long persistence of photogenerated charge carriers. It is demonstrated that the presence of the ZnO shell and its special orientation with respect to the polar character of the wurtzite lattice represent deciding factors. After photoexcitation, electrons and holes migrate to oppos...


Nonprofit organizations have become increasingly important in the provision of mainstream public services in the UK and this paper argues that the nonprofit sector offers an important context to observe in the study of public service motivation (PSM). This study is the first to investigate the relationship between PSM and individual performance in a sample of 397 nonprofit employees in organizations with performance-related pay (PRP). The results present evidence of the effects of PSM on performance and demonstrate the moderating effect of distributive justice on this relationship.


The storage requirements for images can be excessive, if true color and a high-perceived image quality are desired. An RGB image may be viewed as a stack of three gray-scale images that when fed into the red, green and blue inputs of a color monitor, produce a color image on the screen. The abnormal size of many images leads to long, costly, transmission times. Hence, an iteration free fractal algorithm is proposed in this research paper to design an efficient search of the domain pools for colour image compression using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed methodology reduces the coding process time and intensive computation tasks. Parameters such as image quality, compression ratio and coding time are analyzed. It is observed that the proposed method achieves excellent performance in image quality with reduction in storage space.


Annotation: What activities need to be done to organize the teaching process today? What to look for? What kind of education system is planned for the transition of educational institutions in our country? It is important to organize the work on the content of these questions, taking into account the decisions and decrees, as well as changes in the system.


Against the backdrop of Internet of Things on campus, this paper makes Internet of things cover the entire campus through wired and wireless accesses. As a result, campus sees the fulfillment of information transfer via computers, mobile phones, devices and other articles, which is the embodiment of intelligence. Besides, OPNET is used for modeling and simulation of wireless network structure in SDN intelligent campus, with a view to analyzing the feasibility and advantages of various campus network topologies. Then, a reasonable scheme is presented responding to different types of topologies, which is conducive to better building an intelligent campus.


The effect of thermal annealing on the bolometric properties of TiO2−x films was investigated. The test-patterned TiO2−x samples were annealed at 300 °C temperature in order to enhance their structural and electrical properties for effective infrared image sensor device applications. The crystallinity was changed from amorphous to rutile/anatase in annealed TiO2−x films. Compared to the as-deposited samples, a decrement of the band gap and a decrease of the electrical resistivity were perceived in annealed samples. We found that the annealed samples show linear current-voltage (I−V) characteristic performance, which implies that ohmic contact was well formed at the interface between the TiO2−x and the Ti electrode. Moreover, the annealed TiO2−x sample had a significantly low 1/f noise parameter (1.21 × 10−13) with a high bolometric parameter (β) value compared to those of the as-deposited samples. As a result, the thermal annealing process can be used to prepare TiO2−x film for a high‐performance bolometr...


237 bacteria strains were isolated from the marine environment of Fengxian,Shanghai.Selection of these strains with plate was employed to analyze the producing extracellular enzymes marine microorganisms.49 protease-excreted strains,31 amylase-excreted strains and 17 lipase-excreted strains were isolated from 20.8%,13.1%,7.2% of the total bacteria,respectively.Among 19 strains which were capable of excreting 2~3 extracellular enzymes,2-W1,2-W2-1 and 1-3 exhibited obvious phenomena on the plate that indicated their vigorous activity.


OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency and economic cost between Risperidon and Clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia. METHODS 82 in-patients with schizophrenia were treated with Risperidon or Clozapine. PANSS was used to assess the clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate costs. RESULTS The effective rates of Risperidon and Clozapine were 77. 8% and 71. 4% respectively with no significant difference( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the costs for an identical effect between two drugs. CONCLUSION The ef-ective and costs of Risperidon and Clozapine are almost equal in the treatment of schizophrenia.


The ability to deal with the incompatibilities of service requesters and providers is a critical factor for achieving interoperability in dynamic open environments. We focus on the problem of process mediation of the semantically annotated process models of the service requester and service provider. We propose an Abstract Process Mediation Framework (APMF) identifying the key functional areas that need to be addressed by process mediation components. Next, we present algorithms for solving the process mediation problem in two scenarios: (1) when the mediation process has complete visibility of the process model of the service provider and service requester (complete visibility scenario) and (2) when the mediation process has visibility only of the process model of the service provider, but not the service requester (asymmetric scenario). The algorithms combine planning and semantic reasoning with the discovery of appropriate external services such as data mediators. Finally, the Process Mediation Agent (PMA) is introduced, which realises an execution infrastructure for runtime mediation.


Extraction of features is a key process in image-based visual servo. However, existing image processing methods are difficult to segment the target foreground and cannot overcome distracting factors, such as background and illumination, resulting in reduced accuracy of feature extraction. Therefore, target foreground segmentation is a critical problem in image-based visual servo tasks. In this paper, a method for image foreground segmentation and visual servo control based on small data training is proposed. Semantic segmentation is achieved by training a small number of images. Focusing on the target artefact region and blurring the background are also achieved to avoid its influence on feature recognition, especially for industry parts. It is shown that recognition and segmentation under different lighting conditions can be obtained, reducing the interference of lighting on visual servo. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in visual servo control applications.


In the track quality analysis, numerical values representing the relative condition of track geometry called track quality indices (TQIs) are calculated along a specific track segment. Segments are defined as linear track geometry datasets with the homogeneous characteristics of factors affecting geometry degradation. The 200m-long analytical segment is used most often on inter-city conventional and high-speed rail networks. However, in the case of the small urban rail networks, the homogeneity of track-geometry degradation influential factors is very low. This segment length is usually too long for efficient track maintenance or reconstruction with minimal disruption of the urban traffic. This paper explores the effect of reducing the analytical segment length in the condition assessment of the tram network in the City of Osijek, Croatia. The research had two main objectives: (1) to assess the narrow-gauge tram-track geometry quality through the application of the established synthesized TQIs, and (2) to analyze how a change in the analytical segment length affects this assessment. Two synthesized track quality indices—one based on a weighted value and the other on a standard deviation of measured track geometry parameters—were calculated for the 27.5 km of tracks on consecutive 200-, 100-, 50-, and 25 m long analytical segments. The comparative analysis of the TQIs' calculation results showed that the reduction in the segment length increased the resolution of the track quality analysis in both cases, while the index based on a weighted value of geometry deviations proved less sensitive to this reduction. These results contribute to further segmentation process establishment and TQIs implementation on tram infrastructure.


Preface Mathematical Formulation of NMR Experimental Parameters for Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Part I (Sylindrical Geometry) Mathematical Formulation of NMR Experimental Parameters for Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Part II (Sylindrical Geometry) Optimization of Kalman Filtering Performance in Received Signal Strength Based Mobile Positioning On ORE Extensions Over Near Pseudo Valuation Rings Subset Selection of Treatments: Better Than the Best Control Rigorous Kinetic Analysis of the Racket Flick-Motion in Tennis for Generating Topspin & Backspin Linear Versus Nonlinear Human Operator Modeling Derivations of a Linear Lie Algebra Over a Commutative Ring Investigating the Development of Arithmetic & Algebra in Vedic India: Tribute to Swami Dayananda Saraswati.


A 39-year-old man presented with progressively increasing constipation and painful lumps in the abdomen. Exploration showed extensive nodal metastases but no primary lesion was seen. The masses were excised and sigmoid colostomy done. Histology revealed carcinoid tumor with small cell differentiation. A trial of chemotherapy gave no response. At follow up of 18 months he is leading a comfortable life with a colostomy and a billary stent in place (placed for obstructive jaundice due to porta node).


Corrosive environment has a major impact on the life of steel structures (bridge structures, production shops, look-out towers, etc.), which constitute an integral part of civil engineering. The basic building material for these structures in most cases is steel, which unfortunately gradually degrades in contact with the surrounding atmosphere. This negative phenomenon can be avoided by the application of corrosion protection, most frequently by organic coatings. They are an indispensable part of surface finishes and great emphasis is placed on their quality. The choice of the protective coating system depends primarily on the expected or planned lifetime of corrosion protection. If we focus on the long-term corrosion protection, especially of bridge structures, we need to carefully consider the preliminary surface treatment. The most frequently used technology amongst numerous methods of surface pretreatment of bridge structures is blasting, by means of which it is possible to achieve the required surface quality. This means, in addition to cleaning of the surface of the base material, also the achievement of suitable micro-geometry and physical, or physical and chemical properties of the surface. The paper focuses on experimental verification of coating systems intended for application on steel structures with long-term exposure in corrosive environments. Samples blasted to surface preparation degree of Sa 2 ̋ with applied coating systems were exposed to artificial salt spray atmosphere and a corrosive solution, which is used for testing by the so-called accelerated immersion test. Following was the evaluation of degradation and adhesion of the tested coating systems. The experiment was concluded by ascertaining of the content of volatile organic compounds in paint matters using gravimetric method.


It is shown that a simple modification of the standard Lagrangian underlying the dynamics of Newtonian lattices enables one to infer the hidden Lagrangian structure of certain classes of first order in time evolution equations which lack the conventional Lagrangian structure. Implication to other setups is outlined and exemplified.


Objective To study the features and causes of HIV infected and non-infected persons died during 1998-2007 in two towns in Henan province.MethodsWith retrospective cohort study and previous cross-sectional survey,inquiried deceased insiders by face-to-face in their home,compared with cause of death and characteristics of HIV infected and non-infected persons died by chi-square analysis.ResultsThere were 6 879 persons died,of which HIV infected persons died,2.9 percent,non-HIV infected persons died of 97.1 percent;There were no significant differences in composition of gender,country of origin,nationality,occupation(P 0.05),there were significant differences in the age,education,exposure of blood collected,with some other HIV infected members in family(P 0.05).Accidental injury death is the most important causes of death for non-HIV infected persons under 60,followed by cancer deaths,AIDS is the main cause of death for the person died with HIV infection,followed by the suspected AIDS deaths.ConclusionsCompared to non-HIV infected persons died,HIV infected persons died had a higher education,the more blood collection exposure,the lower the age when he died,and the main cause of death was AIDS.


Scalable Rendering allows the creation of high performance rendering systems without specialist hardware by utilising clusters of rendering nodes with commercial graphics accelerators. Particle systems describe a class of rendering techniques for displaying objects without a rigid structure, including fire, water, and atmospheric effects, which traditional Computer Graphics approaches find difficult. The term has also been extended to cover decentralised behavioural systems consisting of large numbers of entities which are independent but influence one another's motion. Here we describe attempts to extend and improve on some existing computer graphics techniques by making use of parallel computation and rendering, to manage and display complex particle based systems in real-time on modest sized compute clusters.


This paper presents a novel clover-slot antenna for a surface-acoustic-wave sensor based wireless temperature measurement system. The slot is described by a parametric locus curve that has the shape of a clover. The antenna is operated at high temperatures, in rough environments, and has a 43% fractional bandwidth at the 2.4GHz ISM-band. The slot antenna has been optimized for excitation by a passive chip soldered onto it. Measurement results are compared with simulation results and show good agreements.


Surface modes in a hollow optical fiber are discussed. The fiber is made of right-handed material core and left-handed material cladding. Through using Maxwell's equations, some dispersion equations for TE, TM, EH and HE surface modes are obtained. According to these characteristic equations, as the absolute value of the refraction index in the cladding is larger than that in the core, some dispersion curves for different surface modes are plotted, respectively. Then, these curves are analyzed and some new characteristics of surface modes in the LHM hollow fiber are discovered.


The utility model provides a semi-automatic packaging machine for ceramic tiles, which comprises a rack, a movable table, a conveying mechanism, a centering mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a box feeding mechanism. The conveying mechanism, the centering mechanism, the lifting mechanism and the box feeding mechanism are respectively arranged on the rack, wherein the centering mechanism and the lifting mechanism are arranged behind the conveying mechanism, the box feeding mechanism is arranged above the conveying mechanism, and the movable table is arranged below a transition roller in the box feeding mechanism. When the technical scheme is adopted, stacked ceramic tiles are driven by a conveying chain to run, the centering mechanism can arrange and align the ceramic tiles when the running ceramic tiles pass through the centering mechanism, the ceramic tiles after being arranged and aligned are driven to be lifted by the lifting mechanism, and when the bottom surfaces of the ceramic tiles on the lowermost layer rise to the plane with the guide bottom plate in the box feeding mechanism, the box feeding pusher is driven by the motor to push the ceramic tiles into carton boxes arranged in advance through the guide plate, the carton boxes with the ceramic tiles are then manually arranged on the movable table, and then next procedure can be carried out.


The dual-certificate system aims at focusing on transmitting personal messages,As the employment oriented characteristic of vocational education means that both social and personal demands should be taken into account,after quoting the examples of talents training modes and dual-certificate in a broad sense in some higher vocational schools,the article brings forth the explorations of characteristic teaching considering the multi-demands and Implementing dual-certificate system.


The study of the sheet-beam extended interaction oscillator, a compact, low voltage (~12kV) high power terahertz radition source is presented in this paper. In this structure, the sheet beam interacts with the electromagnetic mode of TM31, 2π mode, and the generated electromagnetic wave is coupled and enhanced in the rectangle cavities. The sheet beam, high mode operation and rectangular cavity are helpful to enhance the beam-wave interaction, increase the frequency and the coupling strength, respectively. A 0.1THz cavity is designed, with cathode voltage of 12KV, beam current of 0.6A, and the guiding magnetic field strength of o.5T, simulation results show that the electromagnetic wave is generated with the frequency of 0.1THz and the peak power of 1kW at the output window.


High-beta, low-aspect-ratio ~''compact'' ! stellarators are promising solutions to the problem of developing a magnetic plasma configuration for magnetic fusion power plants that can be sustained in steady state without disrupting. These concepts combine features of stellarators and advanced tokamaks and have aspect ratios similar to those of tokamaks ~2‐4!. They are based on computed plasma configurations that are shaped in three dimensions to provide desired stability and transport properties. Experiments are planned as part of a program to develop this concept. A b54% quasi-axisymmetric plasma configuration has been evaluated for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment ~NCSX!. It has a substantial bootstrap current and is shaped to stabilize ballooning, external kink, vertical, and neoclassical tearing modes without feedback or close-fitting conductors. Quasi-omnigeneous plasma configurations stable to ballooning modes at b54% have been evaluated for the Quasi-Omnigeneous Stellarator ~QOS! experiment. These equilibria have relatively low bootstrap currents and are insensitive to changes in beta. Coil configurations have been calculated that reconstruct these plasma configurations, preserving their important physics properties. Theory- and experiment-based confinement analyses are used to evaluate the technical capabilities needed to reach target plasma conditions. The physics basis for these complementary experiments is described. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.@S1070-664X~00!94905-X#


When the high-impedance grounding fault (HIGF) occurs in the resonant grounding system, the fault current is weak, and the traditional relay protection device cannot identify and remove the fault reliably. A HIGF detection method based on nonlinear distortion characteristics of zero-sequence current is proposed in this paper. When a HIGF occurs, the zero-sequence current waveform is distorted near the zero-crossing point; hence the linear correlation coefficient between the zero-sequence current and the time is small, while the distortion degree is big. For the zero-sequence current caused by other reasons, its waveform is close to a straight line near the zero-crossing point, and the linear correlation coefficient is big and the distortion degree is small. Based on this feature, the identification criterion of HIGF is given. Moreover, the zero-crossing point localization method is proposed to deal with the zero-crossing point deviation caused by attenuation DC component and waveform distortion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and sensitivity.


The person of Spinozistic fortitudo takes intelligent care of himself, which is to possess the virtue of tenacity, and he takes intelligent care of others, which is to possess the virtue of nobility. The person of fortitudo is a friend to himself and he is a friend to others. This chapter examines Spinoza's theory of nobility and the central role of friendship in his conception of the empowered life. The author argues that nobility is a distinct type of love. Nobility is empowered love. Essential to empowered love is the desire to help and befriend others, and he shows that helping others is about empowering others to live joyously and lovingly. The most important way to help others to live in this way is through education. Moreover, education, in Spinoza's view, is a social project, and the author highlights three ways that it is social. Finally, the chapter shows how Spinozistic friendship and the virtue of courtesy (modestia) prepare us for a life of learning.


Relics of the past are the main attractions of heritage tourism, these past relics are not spared from the legacy of colonialism because of the implications that are still visible today. Such as in Bandung, where remnants of the colonialism period are still visible in urban elements that have been sustainable to this day. Therefore, this study aims to examine the legacy of Dutch colonialism in Bandung City and its influence on heritage tourism resources in Bandung in a descriptive qualitative manner through data collected through literature study. The results of this study indicate that the existence of colonialist values left behind in Bandung City has a major influence on the elements of tourism resources in Bandung City from the five dimensions, namely historical buildings and monuments; historical event sites; cultural sites and/or natural landscapes; language, literature, and music; and traditional Lifestyle.


The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most repaired ligaments in the body. The incidence of the ACL tear in adults is on the rise, a part of which is due to increased use of diagnostic imaging and a higher rate of adults' participation in high-risk sports . ACL reconstruction is the current standard of care for those involved in sports activities, which reduces the risk of a torn meniscus and cartilage damage in the future by stabilizing the knee. The use of tendon autograft has increased due to relatively favorable results of the process along with a low morbidity rate, a low risk of inflammatory reactions, a small chance of disease transmission, and improved fixation techniques. Hamstring tendons are known as reliable grafts . A graft with a minimum diameter of eight mm has been suggested for ACL reconstruction to reduce the risk of re-rupture. While both semitendinosus and gracilis tendons are both used, the diameter and length of the former are the main components affecting the final graft diameter . Abstract Background: The use of autograft hamstring tendons for ACL reconstruction has increased due to measurable outcomes such as decreased donor site morbidity and improved fixation methods. Final graft diameter is effective in reducing the chance of graft re-tearing. Anthropometric parameters such as age, gender, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and thigh circumferencehave been reported to be of predictive value in a variety of studies but there is poor consensus agreement. MRI based radiologic assessments also needs radiologic workstation and special software. This study investigated the relationship between pre-operative semitendinosus tendon diameter measured by MRI and intraoperative final graftconstruct diameter. Methods: Adult patientsconfirmed to have anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)rupture by positive physical test and 1.5 Tesla quality magne c resonance imaging(MRI),who were candidates for autogra ACL reconstruction entered the study. Those with previous history of ACL surgery or candidates for allograft or bone patellar bone graft reconstruction were excluded. The MRI images of the patients were uploaded into Infinitesoftware .Joint level was determined first in coronal plane and then by using cross linking option the axial joint level was defined. Using cursor and ruler tools the maximum diameters of semitendinosus tendon was measured at the joint line,and two spaces (SPs) proximal and distal to it. Semitendinosus and final graft construct diameters were measured intraoperatively.SPSS software was used to analyze the data to find possible correlations. Results:TheSemitendinosustendon gra diameter over 3.4 millimeters at two spaces distal to joint line on axial MRI cut well correlated to intra-opera ve final gra construct diameterof over 8 millimeters. Conclusion: The proposed measurement techniqueis a reliable option to assist the surgeonsfor preoperative prediction of graft size in hamstring autograft reconstruction.


Thesis (M.S.)--American University of Beirut, Dept. of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2009.;"Advisor : Dr. Elie Barbour, Professor, Animal and Veterinary Sciences--Coadvisor : Dr. Fawwak Sleiman, Professor , Animal and Veterinary Sciences--Member of Comm


Smaller device dimensions and tighter process control windows have created a need for CD metrology tools having higher levels of precision and accuracy. Furthermore, the need to detect and measure changes in feature profiles is becoming critical to in-line process control and stepper evaluation for sub-0.18micrometers technology. Spectroscopic CD (SCDTM) is an optical metrology technique that can address these needs. This work describes the use of a spectroscopic CD metrology tool to measure and characterize the focus and exposure windows for the process. The results include comparison to the established in-line CD-SEM, as well as a cross-section SEM. Repeatability and long-term stability data form a gate level nominal process are also presented.


In recent years, awareness of protection of personal information has been increased, and anonymous communication that enables communication with hiding personal information attracts attention. Tor (The Onion Router) realizes anonymous communication most widely, but this anonymization is used for crime. This paper aims to identify users who maliciously write to the Internet bulletin board using Tor. This paper proposes a method of detecting Tor packet of writing on bulletin board. This method captures Tor packets and decides whether the packets is used for writing on bulletin board by using fingerprint. This paper implements the method and experiments to evaluates the method. The result of experiments shows that identification of writing on bulletin websites which use usual CGI programs is not successful at high probability and that modifying CGI programs is useful for identification of writing on bulletin websites. The result also shows that identification of writing on bulletin websites is difficult if users write on bulletin websites and access other websites such as streaming websites.


Nowadays the solar power generation systems in the concentrating photovoltaic systems are encapsulate complex, expensive and difficult top pularize.In this article we modified the ordinary solar panels to a ccommodate concentrating photovoltaic power generation system, and put forward a new design for the concentrating photovoltaic systems. After the ANSYS simulation, the new design had been proved proper for the concentrating photovoltaic systems.


The internet of things (IoT) is advancing human lives by providing various intelligent services. The advancement of cutting‐edge technologies necessitates an increase in the need for cyber security. In this light, an extensive research has been conducted to address IoT security concerns. However, several security challenges must be addressed before IoT can be utilized to its full potential in real‐time. Motivated by this fact, this study presents a novel integration approach of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with IoT systems to enhance its security. It investigates the current state of NLP and its applications. The key contribution of this paper is the development of a system for identifying malicious behaviors in an IoT environment using n‐gram and word‐embedding techniques. Several security challenges and possible future directions to enhance IoT security using NLP are also addressed in this study.


The author reviews the methods used currently to surgically cut pain pathways for intractable pain and usually in fatal disease. He considers not only the success of these methods but also the unfoward effects.


The paper introduces about gray water reuse Beijing Tiantongyuan residence area,it analyzes and evaluates the economic and social benefits of the project been applied,it also proves that the gray water reuse method is a effective way to realize the reasonable and economizing use of water,and should be popularized.


The study group on Measurements of Depth Dose Distributions for High Energy Radiation Beam'' has planned to standardize depth dose data of the teiecobalt and telecesium therapy in Japan. Depth dose data on five telecobalt fixed field units, one telecesium fixed field unit, three telecobalt rotational units, and one telecesium rotational unit were offered from the fourteen institutions with hospital physicists. In telecobalt therapy, 60 isodose charts for normal incident fixed field and a few charts of oblique, wedge, and spiit fields were discussed. It was found that the central axis percentage depth dose for the same field size measured in different tnstitutions agreed within about 3% of the local dose in the case of the medium and long sourcesurface distances. In the short-surface distance, however, considerable discrepancies between the local doses were observed. There were only four isodose charts in the telecesium therapy. There were 34 isodose charts for the constant source-tumor distance, where the dose at the depth of 15 cm was expressed as 100%, and it is found that they were very convenient in the fixed-field therapy using rotational units. In the rotationai therapy, it was difficult to standardize isodose distributions from the experimental data in variousmore » units, since the differences of penumbra had a considerable effect upon the depth dose distributions. (JAIF)« less


Acridinorange and pyronine inhibit the uptake and phosphorylation of nucleosides. The same doses of inhibitor do not yet interfere with RNA synthesis. An inhibition of similar specificity concerning nucleoside uptake is observed by several pyrimido-pyrimidine and pteridine derivatives. This inhibition can be reversed only by such nucleosides which are phosphorylated by the same nucleoside kinase. Several nucleoside analogues were also tested. We conclude that the inhibitors are interfering with the kinase reaction in vivo. The propagation of fowl plague virus (KP) is inhibited only by high doses of pyronine, yet neither by the pyrimido-pyrimidines nor the pteridines tested.


This exploratory study aimed to describe the current teachers' acceptance and use of online media for primary school in rural areas.The study used interview and survey as data collection methods which were divided into two focus questions. This study adopted six indicators of Technology Acceptance Model by Davis to measure the participants' experience on using online learning media. The participants consisted of 30 teachers from four private and government schools in Indonesia. The data collection methods for this study included a survey and open-ended face-to-face interviews in the sense of triangulation for validity and reliability. This study explored the current condition qualitatively, classified each indicator based on interview data reduction and analyzed descriptively. The study found the teachers' accept using online media in integrated learning but they cannot use it because of the lack facilities and the schools' rules of using online media. The external variables, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitudes of the teacher showed the positive acceptance for online learning implementation. Unfortunately, they did not find support to enhance their lack of behavioural intention use and actual use during the teaching practice.The study proposes the development of a supportive environment and facilities to support factual use of online learning in rural areas. This study recognises that online learning was perceived as important to maximize potential of teaching in rural areas. It also highlighted that teachers in rural areas have behavioural intention to implement online learning although in limitation. This study presented significant gap between teachers' technology acceptance and usage in rural area to be highlighted toward the affordable online learning in the future


Most of the proposed methods for investigating the transient and short-term voltage (STV) stability have assumed that only one of the two phenomena exists, i.e. either transient instability or STV instability. While these two phenomena exist simultaneously with one of them being dominant, according to the operating point of the system and disturbance condition. A unified online prediction method is presented in this paper to distinguish between the stable and unstable conditions. In the proposed method, by employing the intelligent wide area measurement system (IWAMS), the frequency deviation and the active power imbalance are calculated by the generation buses, which are considered as the intelligent generation buses (IGB). By tracking the trajectories of the frequency deviation and the active power imbalance and checking some simple defined rules, early prediction of both transient and STV instability can be achieved. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the method has been tested on single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, single machine load bus (SMLB) system, IEEE 39-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system. According to the obtained results, the proposed algorithm has the overall accuracy of 99.5% under symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, PMU measurement error, different operating points and topological changes.


A method of finding the core for inconsistent decision tables is put forward by turning them into consistent decision tables in this paper,and the correctness of this method is proved.


Results are reported for a spectrophotometric survey of several Seyfert 2 galaxies, intermediate Seyferts, and narrow-line radio galaxies. The emission-line spectra of the galaxies are analyzed, emphasizing line intensities, reddening, temperatures, densities, line strength correlations, line widths, and redshift differences. The continuous spectra are examined, and possible ionization sources are considered. It is found that: (1) there are no distinguishing differences between the spectra of Seyfert 2 galaxies and narrow-line radio galaxies; (2) the emission spectra are rich in lines from a wide range of ionization levels; (3) the continuum is starlight diluted by an underlying continuous spectrum; (4) the line widths of both classes of galaxies have the same distribution; (5) there appear to be regions of high and low ionization in the Seyfert 2 and narrow-line radio galaxies; (6) photoionization seems quite likely as the energy input to the gas; and (7) all the galaxies show a UV excess in their spectra.


Any cosmological GRB source with a rotation period of ∼1 msec and the density of nuclear matter plausibly develops a very strong magnetic field B∼1015 G, and disgorges ordered Poynting flux at the required rate of ∼1051 erg s−1 [11,6]. This MHD wind advects outward an intense flux of thermal MeV photons which act as Compton seeds and regulate the thermodynamic state of matter. Electron-positron pairs created by photon collisions feed back strongly on the emergent spectrum, enhancing the efficiency of energy deposition in the leptonic component, and making regions of the wind with power-law high-energy spectra much brighter than regions with thermal spectra. By contrast, dissipation deep inside the electron-ion photosphere plausibly leads to quasi-thermal spectra, and may account for the soft X-ray tails seen by Ginga and soft subpulses seen by BATSE. Explicit solutions to the Kompaneets equation in an expanding wind containing isolated hotspots show that a broken power-law spectrum develops in a pair-domi...


Abstract A gold electrode was modified with cysteamine by a self-assembly monolayer technique and covalently coupled with 3-mercaptopropionic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles. The free carboxylic acid groups of the 3-mercaptopropionic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles assembled on gold electrode were bonded with the amine groups of biotin or avidin trough amide linkages. The changes in the interfacial properties of gold electrode modified stepwise were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using the ferric/ferrous redox system. The electrochemical sensing properties of covalently bonded biotin or avidin on a gold electrode modified with silver nanoparticle were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy by the varying concentrations of the bio-affinity molecules in the same redox system. The charge transfer resistance was directly proportional to the concentration of analyte while the response was weakly dependent upon the change in the respective peak anodic currents. The sensing mechanism was established to explain the role of the silver nanoparticles.


Apolipoprotein A is a major surfactant associated protein localized to Type II cells in adult lung. We now demonstrate in vitro synthesis of apo A in lung slices, adult Type II epithelial cells and fetal epithelial cells in organotypic culture. Synthesis and secretion of apo A was assessed in cells and media after 35S-methionine labelling; apo A was immunoprecipitated with antisera and identified by 2D-IEF-SDS-PAGE. Fully sialated apo A (Mr=26-36,000) was identified in media from adult rat lung slices and purified adult Type II cells. Apo A synthesis by adult Type II cells was optimal in freshly isolated cells: labelling was undetectable after 24 hrs. in culture. Intracellular forms of apo A were less acidic, Mr=30-34,000, representing partially glycosylated peptides. Apo A synthesis was undetectable in slices of fetal rat lung (day 18 of gestation). However, organotypic cultures of fetal epithelial cells isolated on day 19 of gestation, synthesized fully glycosylated forms of apo A after culture for 3-4 days. These studies demonstrate that apo A synthesis and secretion is developmentally regulated in Type II epithelial cells. Apo A synthesis is rapidly lost in primary culture of adult Type II cells but maintained in organotypic cultures of fetal cells. Major intracellular forms of apo A lack complete glycosylation and only a small fraction of cellular apo A exists as the mature secreted form.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as an external factor that induces atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although miR‐155 is known to be involved in cardiovascular disease, whether it is involved in PAH‐induced arteriosclerosis remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of PAHs on vascularization, permeability, and miR‐155 expression in HUVECs. We found that PAHs‐induced sclerosis of HUVECs was characterized by increasing permeability, decreasing proliferation, and vascular lumen number. The expression of miR‐155 was upregulated by PAHs treatment, and transfection with miR‐155 inhibitor could reverse above effect of PAHs‐induced sclerosis. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing revealed that 63 genes were downregulated in the group of PAHs treatment alone, and were then upregulated in the miR‐155 inhibitor group. These genes were mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and NF‐kappa B signaling pathway. Among these 63 genes, SERPIND1 was directly targeted and regulated by miR‐155. Further in vivo experiments in ApoE−/− mice confirmed that PAH accelerates the development of arteriosclerosis by promoting the expression of miR‐155 to downregulate the SERPIND1. Therefore, PAH exaggerates atherosclerosis by activating miR‐155‐dependent endothelial injury. This study provides a fundamental insight on the miR‐155 mechanism for PAHs enhancing atherosclerosis and miR‐155 potentially serving as a novel drug target.