Dr. Giunta commented as follows:
 The doctor is perfectly correct in questioning whether there was a reason for doing the study as we did.
 From the start, it was apparent that the study would include very sick premature infants such as those with respiratory distress syndrome who would require intensive nursing care, frequent monitoring of equipment, as well as blood gas determinations and chemistries.
 Since supplemental lighting such as with gooseneck lamps had been used in the past during feeding, monitoring, and drawing blood samples, it was felt that clothing the control group would expose them to a minimum of additional light.


A WARD (Women's Air Raid Defense) worker stationed on Kauai during the war talks about her job plotting aircraft positioning from radar reports.


Based on the fact that the course of Scientific Physical Exercises contains profound contents and knowledge, the paper analyzes some distinct characters of scientific physical exercises such as being strong in scientificity and application. The purpose of the paper is to closely relate to students' actual condition and apply multimedia technology to teaching, set up the idea of Health No. 1 so as to realize the curriculum objectives.


Spectral absorptance and emittance of W surface gratings with short periodicity corresponding to the VIS to NIR wavelengths have been investigated to develop spectrally selective devices for high-temperature applications, such as selective solar absorbers and selective radiators for thermophotovoltaic systems. Numerical calculations based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis have been performed to evaluate the grating parameters. Two kinds of W surface gratings composed by microcavities have been fabricated by fast atom beam etching with two different lithography techniques. These gratings have shown strong absorption or emission due to the surface microstructures in the VIS to NIR region, whereas their reflectance in the IR region is kept at a high level. Their high thermal stability is confirmed from heating tests under vacuum or reduced atmospheres. Physical aspect of the interaction of electromagnetic wave with lossy gratings has also been discussed briefly.


Both DNA methylation and microRNAs(miRNA)play important roles in the development and progression of human cancer. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the promoter of miRNA can be methylated and DNA methylation can be regulated by miRNA through DNA methyltransferase. Research targeting this reciprocal regulatory mechanism may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Key words:
DNA methylation;  MicroRNAs;  DNA(Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase;  Epigenesis


The improved multiband-structured subband adaptive filter (IMSAF) algorithm could enhance the convergence performance of multiband-structured subband adaptive filter algorithms and affine projection. However, the original IMSAF algorithm with a fixed step-size factor have to compromise between convergence rate and steady-state misalignment. A new IMSAF algorithm with variable step-size matrix (VSM) is proposed to address this problem. The power of the subband a posteriori error is set to equal the power of the subband noise to deduce the formula for VSM. Two real-time noise power estimation methods are utilized to calculate the step size. Simulation results demonstrate that the new algorithms can achieve better performance both in convergence rate and steady-state misalignment than the original IMSAF algorithm with a fixed step-size factor.


e22039 Background: The only known human cancer retrovirus, HTLV1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma of which some respond to AZT+ alpha interferon. The existence of human retroviruses originatin...


Let R denote a commutative ring with identity. If there exists a chain PqCP jC...cP" of zz + 1 prime ideals of R, where P X R, but no such chain of zz + 2 prime ideals, then we say that R has dimension n. The power series ring r?[LX]J may have infinite dimension even though R has finite dimension.


Abstract Background Infertility is an abnormal event in the life of families and can have various consequences on a personal and social level. Therefore, infertile couples need to manage their emotional responses. Social capital, as one of the social determinants of health, can affect mental health. Objective This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 with 170 infertile couples visiting infertility centers in Sari, Iran. The data collection instruments included the social capital integrated questionnaire, an emotional adjustment scale and a demographic-reproductive checklist. Results All the social capital dimensions, except for the groups and networks dimension, had a score of higher than 50 (more than the mean score). Based on ANCOVA and the multiple linear regression results, the dimension of trust and solidarity had a significant negative relationship with emotional adjustment (p = 0.01), but no significant relationship was observed between the other social capital dimensions and emotional adjustment. Conclusion The trust and solidarity dimension had a significant relationship with emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Accordingly, increasing mutual trust between neighborhood residents can strengthen social capital, and in turn, improve emotional adjustment in infertile couples.


In his biography of Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne in Het gulden cabinet van de edel vry schilderconst (1661-1662) Cornelis de Bie devotes a few lines to the painter's early years. Until recently, this was all the information we had regarding the origins, childhood and training of this versatile artist. Fresh biographical data for Adriaen van de Venne and his family, however, has recently become available from the digitized archival records of Delft, Leiden, Rotterdam and Zeeland indexed in the online Ecartico database, an initiative of the University of Amsterdam. Combining these archival discoveries enhances our understanding of the milieu in which Adriaen grew up and of his family network.
He is highly likely to have been born in 1590 (rather than 1589 as hitherto assumed) and baptized in the church in 't Woudt, near Delft. His parents were migrants from the Southern Netherlands: the stocking maker Pieter van de Venne from Lier and Jannetgen Beuvincx from Tournai. Adriaen's father died before his birth and his mother remarried in Delft in 1594 to the Mechelen weaver Laurens Wittocx. This second marriage produced a son called Salomon Lourens, who became a 'coarse painter' and bricklayer in Rotterdam. Adriaen remained in contact with this half-brother for his whole life.
Adriaen relied heavily at first on his older brother Jan, who probably arranged an apprenticeship for him with Simon de Valck, a goldsmith friend in Leiden. He later followed his brother to Middelburg, where they set up a successful printing, publishing and art dealing firm. Shortly before Jan's death in 1625, Adriaen moved to The Hague, from where he kept in contact with his half-brother Salomon Lourens in Rotterdam. They acted as joint guardians of their nephew Pieter (one of Jan's sons), who also lived in Rotterdam and worked there as a parchment maker. Archive documents from Rotterdam testify to the close links that persisted between the branches of the family in Rotterdam and The Hague. Adriaen possibly used his Rotterdam family connections to sell his paintings in this city.


There is no reason for robots to be large and unwieldy. A micro-manipulation station developed by the University of Karlsruhe could be the forerunner of a new generation of automatic micro-system assembly equipment - offering micrometer dimension positioning accuracy.


Objective:To determine the clinical efficacy of the surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis by the long term follow-up results of 80 patients.Methods:The clinical Results and functional status of 80 patients with lumbar spondlylolisthesis were reviewed and analyzed from 1986 to 2000.Results:There were 60 patients included in the study,treated with Luque system,Steffee system,RF—ⅡSystem,3nd RF-Ⅱcombined BAK system.Each of their average correction rate was respctively 41%,66%,94%,97%through the 3 to 9 years followed up period.Conclusion:Lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with several surgical instrumentation can achieve good long term clinical results.Pedicle scrcw system combined BAK interbody fusion may maintain the reduction of lumbar deformity and reduce its late complications.


I combined long-term (10 yr) descriptive and short-term experimental studies in a headwater stream in northern Minnesota to assess: (1) the effect of annual variation in stream discharge and spatial proximity of beaver (Castor canadensis) ponds on lotic fish abundance and (2) the subsequent influence of discharge and fish predation on lotic in- vertebrate colonization. Considerable annual variation in fish density occurred in the stream over the 10-yr period, particularly in pool habitats. Increased fish density was associated with increased stream discharge and creation of beaver ponds downstream from the study site. Weir traps used to monitor directional (upstream vs. downstream) fish movement during the last 4 yr of the study indicated annual changes in fish density were associated with the amount of fish dispersal occurring along the stream segment. Downstream fish movement, out of an upstream beaver pond occurred primarily during periods of elevated stream discharge. Upstream movement, out of a downstream beaver pond, occurred over a broader range of discharge conditions. A controlled, "split-stream," experiment examining the effect of very low vs. elevated discharge on upstream fish movement indicated, however, that upstream movement of fish out of beaver ponds was also reduced by very low discharge conditions. Movement data for individual fish species revealed considerable variation among the taxa in the tendency for downstream vs. upstream movement, due to variation in the morphology of upstream vs. downstream beaver ponds and its subsequent effect on the composition of fish dispersing from these source areas. Most fish movement occurred over relatively brief time periods, suggesting life history and developmental processes were critical in influencing the timing of dispersal. Size structure of fishes captured in the stream indicated predominantly older age classes (>age I) of fish were dispersing along the stream. However, based on the occurrence of age 0 individuals only 1 of 12 species, the creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), routinely reproduced in the stream. Experiments conducted in an artificial stream located below one of the beaver ponds indicated discharge and fish predation have potentially strong and interactive effects on invertebrate colonization in stream ecosystems. Differences in colonization of riffles and pools under low vs. elevated discharge and fish vs. no-fish treatments suggested, however, that the interactive effect of these factors on invertebrate colonization was variable over even small spatial scales. Elevated discharge increased invertebrate colonization in riffles but decreased invertebrate colonization in pools. Contrary to intuitive expectations, fish predation reduced invertebrate colonization more under elevated than low discharge con- ditions, particularly in pool habitats. Taken together, these results suggest: (1) beaver ponds act as reproductive "sources" for fish on the landscape, while adjacent stream environments act as potential reproductive "sinks," (2) large-scale spatial relationships between beaver ponds and streams, along with the influence of discharge on the permeability of the boundaries between these habitats, are critical in controlling fish dispersal between ponds and streams and the subsequent abundance and composition of fish in lotic ecosystems, and (3) fish predation and discharge have potentially cascading effects on invertebrate colonization in lotic ecosystems.


The invention relates to a germicide composition containing boscalid and cymoxanil, and application of the germicide composition. The composition contains the boscalid and the cymoxanil in a weight ratio of (1-40):(1-60). The composition can be applied to controlling diseases of cereal crops, melons and fruits, vegetables and the like. The composition has a wide application range, good effect, low cost, low residue, and safety for human, animals, environment and the like.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of hexanol residuals in the raw material of dabigatranet exilate mesylate. METHODS:GC was performed on the column of 6% cyanopropylphenyl-94% dimethyl polysiloxane(DB-624)as the stationary phase capillary column,the carrier gas was nitrogen,using the temperature program. The temperature of inlet was180 ℃,detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector with the temperature of 250 ℃ at the flow rate of 8 ml/min,split ratio was 10 ∶ 1 and the volume was 1 μ l. RESULTS:Hexanol can be effectively separated with solvent peak and impurity peak;there was a good linear relationship between the quality concentration and the peak area in the range of 1-1 000 μg/ml(r=0.999 9). The method had high sensitivity. RSD of precision and repeatability test was no more than 1.31% and the average recovery was102.40%(RSD=0.42%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific,simple,rapid,accurate,and can effectively exclud hexanol interference generated by degradation. It can be used for the determination of residuals of hexanol in raw materid of dabigatran etexilatem esylate.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a cornerstone of Arab economies, accounting for over 90 percent of all businesses and providing a major source of new job creation. Governments across the Arab World recognize the important role that SMEs can play in delivering higher and more inclusive growth. Many have rightly placed SME development at the center of growth and jobs strategies to meet the needs of young populations. Authorities have initiated policy interventions and schemes to support SME development. But progress so far has been patchy, and more comprehensive policy action is needed.
Fostering vibrant and competitive SMEs that contribute to employment opportunities and high value-added output requires various stakeholders to deliver on a broad range of factors. Arab governments need a holistic policy approach that addresses the gaps in access to finance, creates an enabling business environment, and upgrades human capital and infrastructure. The approach should also promote an entrepreneurial mindset.


The emission behavior of NO and N2O during decoupled circulating fluidized bed (CFB) coal and biomass co-firing has been investigated in a 30kW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor. The experimental apparatus con- sists of a riser with a height of 7m and an inner diameter of 0.086m, and a downer with a height of 3m and an inner di- ameter of 0.039m, which can be used as a pyrolyzer or gasifier. The influence of CFB operation parameters, such as excess air, degree of air staging, the secondary air introducing position, rice husk mass share, feeding position of fuels on emissions of NO and N2O during decoupled CFB co-firing were studied in two group of tests: 1) one is to introduce coal above gas distributor of the riser and rice husk at feeding port of the downer separately; 2) the other is to introduce coal and rice husk simultaneously at feeding port of the downer. The experimental results show that increasing rice husk mass share in fuels can decrease NO and N2O emission, Compared with feeding coal at feeding zone of the downer, feeding coal above gas distributor of the riser can decrease NO and N2O emission. Increasing excess air always results in a higher NO emission. The effect of changing coal feed- ing position on N2O emission depends on excess air, that is, at lower excess air, feeding coal above gas distributor of the riser can lead to a lower N2O emission than that of the downer, however, introducing coal at feeding zone of the downer has a higher N2O emission while excess air number is kept greater than 1.23. Changing the first stage stoichiometry shows a slight influence on N2O emission. However, decreasing the first stage stoichiometry can obtain lower NO emission for feeding coal at either the riser or the downer. Improving secondary introducing position presents a larger effect on NO emission, while a smaller influence is observed on N2O emission. Lower emissions of NO and N2O can be obtained with introducing secondary air at 2.8m above gas distributor, and feeding coal at the riser.


Plants depend upon a constant supply of molecular oxygen from their environment to support energy production via respiration and other life-sustaining processes. Oxygen deprivation resulting from flooding, water logging, or even poor aeration of the soil becomes a primary cause of plant stress. Oxygen deficit leads to severe depression of respiration resulting in deficiency in life-supporting adenylate charge, accumulation of toxic metabolites and cytosolic acidification. Central to the responses toward anaerobiosis is the induction of a special class of genes termed as the anaerobic response polypeptides (ANPs) that include glycolytic and fermentation enzymes, various signal transduction proteins involved in coordinating adaptation/survival responses toward anaerobiosis. Here, we have characterized the cellular localization


The composition of the daily gain of pigs previously fed a high-fibre diet (HF) was investigated in 60 pigs growing from 25 to 105 kg body weight (BW) using a comparative slaughter technique. From 25 kg body weight (BW), the pigs were fed the HF diet up to 50 (group HF50) or 80 (group HF80) kg BW, followed by feeding with the conventional low-fibre diet (LF). The pigs of groups LF105 and HF105 were continuously fed diet LF or HF, respectively. When the HF diet was fed, the daily empty body gain of the HF50 and HF80 pigs was lower (P<0.05) compared with the LF105 animals. Similarly, the daily protein (P<0.01) and fat deposition (difference not significant) of the HF50 pigs was lower than in the LF group. The pigs of the HF80 group tended (P=0.09) to deposit less protein daily, and their daily fat deposition was lower (P<0.01) than in the LF105 animals. During the first stage of realimentation (50 to 80 kg BW), pigs from group HF50 grew faster and deposited more (P<0.01) protein daily (169 g) compared with the LF105 (132 g) and HF105 animals (139 g). Nonetheless, the pigs of groups HF50 and LF105 deposited similar amounts of fat (291 and 296 g, respectively), whereas those of group HF105, considerably less (208 g; P<0.05). During subsequent realimentation (80-105 kg BW) the empty body gain of pigs did not differ significantly among groups (on average 916 g). Despite the absence of differences in growth rates, daily protein accretion in the pigs from groups HF80 and HF105 tended (P<0.07) to be higher (by 14 g) compared with those from group LF105. During this period, pigs from groups HF50 and HF80 deposited more fat daily (on average by 110 g; P<0.01) than those of groups LF105 and HF105. These results prove that the compensatory response is closely associated with higher protein deposition and with better protein utilization for growth.


The potential characteristic,key security issues and design principles for achieving the security of broadcast communication in wireless sensor network are analyzed.Global broadcast authentication based on public key algorithm and local broadcast authentication based on one-way key chain are proposed respectively,as a conclusion,reliability,integrity,and freshness of broadcast were acquired effectively.The performance analysis showed this method induced less communication load,energy consume and storage space.


In this article I summarize the status and trends in physical geography over the first 100 years of the Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Drawing on the original papers and recent literature that reviews biogeography, climatology, and geomorphology, I describe the change in the focus of physical geographers over the last century and anticipate future developments in physical geography. Physical geographers have always responded to changes in methodologies and to broader developments in earth and environmental sciences. Their work currently explores environmental systems developing process-based understanding. Recent methodological and conceptual developments include the adoption of approaches from complexity science to understand dynamic and nonlinear behaviors of environmental systems. There is also a growing move toward the challenge of addressing coupled human and natural systems in an integrated and holistic manner. This is not only a challenge for physical geography but also for geography as a whole, reflecting the capacity of the discipline to analyze and understand complex behaviors and dynamics using a diversity of quantitative and qualitative methods; methodologies that span social, economic, behavioral, and biophysical systems; and an ability to link basic and applied research to use geographic expertise to address contemporary environmental issues of importance.


"Google has shown that self-driving cars are inevitable - and the possibilities are endless"1 - although the response to the Google car from another motoring journalist is "why?"2. The technology exists to allow vehicles to be programmed with a destination and to arrive there without any intervention from a driver, the passengers can be deposited at their destination after which the vehicle can park itself and then return when required. Meanwhile, road network operators continue to seek solutions to fundamental issues such as congestion and road safety (for drivers, passengers, pedestrian and cyclists) as well as more structural concerns with pavements and infrastructure. The pace of change for technology is poles apart from that of the investment cycles and programmes developed and implemented by road network operators, can the two ever be reconciled? There is a significant risk that policy makers and road operators could find themselves more liable for the safety of travellers than at present. This paper considers how these parties might be affected by such changes by considering a typical vehicle journey from home to work in 3 scenarios: (1) Rural road - vehicles operating in isolation, with a mix of autonomous and `legacy' vehicles . (2) Motorway/expressway - a centrally controlled road accessible only to `equipped' vehicles . (3) Urban road network - with a mix of centrally controlled, autonomous and `legacy' vehicles. This paper poses a number of questions around Institutional issues, governance, responsibilities and liabilities and suggests a potential model for appraisal which should facilitate the safe, efficient and effective introduction of connected vehicles onto road networks.


The invention relates to the field of graphene, and specifically relates to a method for preparing high-quality graphene. According to the invention, a graphite intercalation compound with a halogen or a metal halide as an intercalating agent is adopted as a raw material; expansion is carried our by using an oxalic acid solution or a hydrogen peroxide solution; and the material is subject to ultrasonic exfoliation in a solvent, such that the high-quality graphene is prepared. The method comprises specific steps that: after the graphite intercalation process, graphite intercalation compound powder is added into an oxalic acid solution or a hydrogen peroxide solution; expansion is carried out, such that highly expanded worm-shaped graphene aggregates are obtained; the worm-shaped graphene aggregates are subject to an ultrasonic oscillation in organic solvents such as alcohol and ketone, or an aqueous solution of a surfactant, such that exfoliation is realized, and a graphene dispersion liquid is obtained; the graphene dispersion liquid is dried, the solvent is removed, such that high-quality graphene powder can be obtained. The method provided by the invention is simple and is easy to control. With the method, high-efficiency, high-yield and low-cost productions of high-quality graphene can be realized; problems in current graphene preparation technologies of high cost, low yield, and poor quality can be solved.


The problem of postabortion depressive reactions among college women was examined by 1) identifying the characteristics of depressive reactions; 2) reviewing research findings on the immediate and long-term psychological effects of abortion; and 3) briefly describing the reactions of several pregnant women who used the counseling services of the college health center. Depressive reactions are characterized by a loss of self esteem. Adolescents and adults suffering from depressive reactions exhibit different types of symptoms. College students may exhibit both adult and adolescent symptoms. Recent studies indicate that postabortion depressive reactions occur shortly after abortion but that most of these symptoms disapear within a year. Pregnant women who used the services of the college health clinic tended to feel helpless. They did not want to interrupt their college work by having a baby but having an abortion seemed to be an equally unacceptable alternative. Crisis intervention therapy helped the women deal with their feelings of helplessness. Therapy helped the women complete the development tasks associated with adolescents and this enabled them to reach an abortion decision which was compatible with their own attitudes and feelings. Therapeutic intervention following abortion may help women accept their loss and reestablish their sense of personal antonomy.


Introductory physics courses for future physics teachers serve various, often quite "divergent" purposes. On one hand, they should present physics at university level, using mathematical tools like integrals, differential equations, tensors etc. with sufficient degree of exactness. On the other hand, they should develop conceptual understanding, physics insight and "intuition", skills necessary for doing experiments etc. Often, the development of such conceptual understanding and necessary skills is aimed also "at university level", assuming that students know the basics from secondary schools and have some experience with at least elementary experiments. Moreover, it is often assumed that students themselves will see the link between "secondary school physics" and "university physics". However, often this is not the case and future teachers complain that there is a large gap between physics at those two stages. To help students reduce this gap we created two optional seminars: Electricity and magnetism step by step and Optics step by step. These seminars give students better understanding of physical concepts as well as some basic methodical comments for their future work with pupils. Both seminars are based on the methodology of the Heureka Project (Dvorakova 2013a). In this article we would like to present our experience with both seminars.


We identified a subset of patients with noninfectious cystitis who develop refractory symptoms marked by diffuse inflammatory changes, reduced bladder capacity, and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), termed here as "progressive inflammatory cystitis" (PIC). Our objective was to describe the phenotype, disease outcomes, and pathologic findings of PIC.


Globally, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent bacterial infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the predominant etiological agents causing community and healthcare-associated UTIs. Biofilm formation is an important pathogenetic mechanism of UPEC responsible for chronic and recurrent infections. The development of high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among UPEC has complicated therapeutic management. Newer antimicrobial agents are needed to tackle the increasing trend of AMR and inhibit biofilms. Heraclenol is a natural furocoumarin compound that inhibits histidine biosynthesis selectively. In this study, for the first time, we have demonstrated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of heraclenol against UPEC. The drug reduced the bacterial load in the murine catheter UTI model by ≥4 logs. The drug effectively reduced bacterial loads in kidney, bladder, and urine samples. On histopathological examination, heraclenol treatment showed a reversal of inflammatory changes in the bladder and kidney tissues. It reduced the biofilm formation by 70%. The MIC value of heraclenol was observed to be high (1024 µg/mL), though the drug at MIC concentration did not have significant cytotoxicity on the Vero cell line. Further molecular docking revealed that heraclenol binds to the active site of the HisC, thereby preventing its activation by native substrate, which might be responsible for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Since the high MIC of heraclenol is not achievable clinically in human tissues, further chemical modifications will be required to lower the drug's MIC value and increase its potency. Alternatively, its synergistic action with other antimicrobials may also be studied.


Abstract In landscape studies conducted in 2002 and 2003, Lantana camara (L.) 'New Gold' and 'Radiation' were visited by native butterflies to a greater extent than the remaining eight lantana in the studies. Other lantana visited preferentially but not as consistently included L. camara 'White Doves', 'Firewagon', 'Confetti', and Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) 'Weeping Lavender'. In general, the lowest visitation was experienced by L. camara 'Cherry' and 'Carlos'. Total visit duration by one randomly selected butterfly was greater for 'New Gold', 'Radiation', 'Firewagon', and 'White Doves' than the remaining lantana. Plant characteristics including inflorescence number, number of flowers per inflorescence, percentage of yellow flowers per inflorescence, growth index, flower morphology, and flower color characteristics differed among cultivars. Cultivar differences that consistently correlated with visitation preferences were inflorescence number in 2002 and 2003, flower number per inflorescence in 2003,...


In order to overcome the demerits of traditional vertical launcher of shipborne missile,a new type model of electromagnetic coil launcher for shipborne missile(EMCLSM) is introduced.The fundamental constitution and operation principle are stated.Mathematical model of the working process is established.In three-stage launcher,for example,the working process of EMCLSM is studied by simulation.The current waves of discharge loops vs.time and the electromagnetic force,the velocity and the displacement vs.time in the working process of EMCLSM are given.Two kinds of different schemes which include changing energies in energy storage system and changing the number of stages of the launching coils are analyzed comparatively.The simulation results indicate that catapult coil has better acceleration capacity compared with drive coil.The electromagnetic force acting on the launching package is affected by its velocity.The force decreases as the velocity increases.It is capable of launching missiles from vertical position by changing energies in energy storage system and the number of stages of the launching coils suitably.


Using first-principles methods, we have systematically calculated the defect formation energies and transition energy levels of group-III and group-V impurities doped in H passivated Si quantum dots (QDs) as functions of the QD size. The general chemical trends found in the QDs are similar to that found in bulk Si. We show that defect formation energy and transition energy level increase when the size of the QD decreases; thus, doping in small Si QDs becomes more difficult. B-Si has the lowest acceptor transition energy level, and it is more stable near the surface than at the center of the H passivated Si QD. On the other hand, P-Si has the smallest donor ionization energy, and it prefers to stay at the interior of the H passivated Si QD. We explained the general chemical trends and the dependence on the QD size in terms of the atomic chemical potentials and quantum confinement effects.


We take the viewpoint that X(1576) is the tetraquark state which consists of a scalar diquark and an anti-scalar-diquark in relative P-wave, and calculate its mass in the framework of the QCD sum rule approach. The numerical value of the mass mX = (1.66±0.14) GeV is consistent with the experimental data. There might be some tetraquark components in the vector meson X(1576).


Subgingival presence of remaining excess cement may lead to implant complications and failures. This is a technical report and advice on how to cement implant-supported restorations using a simple and universal method applying liquid petroleum jelly to the peri-implant sulcus after cementation. This simple and user-friendly method eliminates excess cement and should be used in the daily practice.


In a packet radio network (PRN), transmission of packets involves both the transmission of information the end user needs and the transmission of additional or "overhead" information necessary for proper operation of the network. Two solutions to the multicast transmission problem have been presented, one which employs the Hopfield network, and the other based on heuristic algorithms. Although both approaches usually yield suboptimal performance when compared to an exhaustive search, the time required by these methods to reach a solution is lower by several orders of magnitude for all but the simplest PRNs. The Hopfield method is extremely easy to implement and converged to a valid solution in over 98% of our simulations. This is considered a high success rate for this type of network, which we attribute to the sparseness of the configuration and careful choice of parameters. The heuristic is an improvement over the neural network yielding the lowest number of transmissions and requiring the least amount of time. Either approach may be suitable for determining solutions to this NP-complete problem depending on the actual application and computational resources available.


Raman spectroscopy is a well-established tool providing for molecular finger prints. The frequency of light scattered off a vibrating molecule is shifted with respect to the incident light frequency. That shift is related to the vibration frequency and reveals a great deal of information on the vibration modes of the molecule. We demonstrated efficient nonlinear coupling between local vibrating molecules and propagating polariton modes at the vibration frequency (namely, mid-IR frequencies) using suspended graphene waveguides. Summary: Graphene is a monolayer thick crystal of carbon. Graphene is bio compatible and does not absorb light in the 2-20 micron wavelength range, thus very suitable as IR/THz propagation medium. We fabricated free-standing graphene on periodic metallic structures at the micron scale. Periodic metallo-dielectric structures have long been used as optical filters in the IR/THz range. Metal mesh structure portray negative refractive index in various frequency ranges. For example, the structure shown in Fig. 1 exhibits an effective negative refractive index at the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency is determined by the structure pitch. In the experiment, a pump Ar ion laser at 514.5 nm was used to excite the test molecules (B. Megaterium) which were situated on the suspended graphene waveguides. The peak Raman intensity of the test molecules is located at 900 cm. The graphene waveguide (approximately 3-4 layers) was coating a copper mesh screen with a 12 m pitch and 8x8 m2 openings. The laser was focused at the center of the screen opening to a spot much smaller than the screen opening or the screen's pitch.


This study investigates the effects of product strategies and CEO characteristics on the growth of venture firms. These factors are related with strategic behaviors and managerial capabilities of small and dynamic firms. According to empirical results of FGLS regression with the data of the Korean venture firms, both product strategies and CEO characteristics have significant effects on firm growth and additionally explanatory powers. In general, the growth rates of venture firms tend to increase with the level of product's diversity and marketing-enhancing strategy, but decrease with the degree of product's innovation-enhancing strategy. The growth rates are higher when CEO is non-founder and has sufficient experience related to current business, and CEO's career development is focused on general management area. The effects of product strategies and CEO characteristics are moderated by the firm-internal factor such as organizational growth stage. The positive effects of some product strategies (e.g. marketing-enhancing strategy) and CEO characteristics(e.g. career focused on general management) become stronger for firms operating in the stage of start-up or initial growth, while their effects become negative or insignificant for firms operating in the mature or declining stage in which the negative effect of innovation-enhancing strategy does not exist


To gain insight into the regulation mechanism associated with retinoic acid (RA) induced cleft palate, gene expression profiles of secondary palate on embryonic day 14 was investigated by using Affymetrix Mouse Gene Chip. RA-induced cleft palate mouse model was made, 27 cleft palate embryos and 18 embryos in control group on embryonic day 14 were harvested. Related genes were examined in the palate of these mice by genechip. Using the twice significance of difference as the standard, totally there were 81 up-regulated transcripts and 1249 down-regulated ones in RA-treated group compared with control group, gene functional categories and pathways, particularly involved in transcription regulator activity, regulation of growth, direction of cell movement, cytoskeleton, Wnt and Hedgehog families as well as actin cytoskeleton pathway were identified. These data proved that growth inhibition is the main cause for cleft palate formation treated by RA in the stage, meanwhile, cell movement, intracellular transport and cell division are also involved through interaction of Wnt and Hedgehog pathway with RA singnaling. It has highlighted potential cascades and important candidates for further investigation on the genetic mechanism and clinical therapy of cleft palate.


In the middle of August, 1947, the Middlesex Hospital offered to the London County Council a unit of 30 beds for the early treatment of cases of acute poliomyelitis. Although the diagnosis of poliomyelitis could be confirmed in only 54 of the 104 cases which were admitted up to the middle of October, sufficient points of interest arose to warrant their description. The following classification was adopted: (1) non-paralytic, 24 cases; (2) paralytic, 26; (3) polio-encephalitis, 4; (4) abortive poliomyelitis, 6; (5) incorrect diagnosis, 44.


The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components from Hibiscus tiliaceus by GC-MS technique. This analysis revealed that the methanol extract contains N, N- Dimethylglycine (83.97%), 3, 7, 11, 15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (2.94%) and 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (2.69%). The presence of some of these constituents in the plant extract provides the scientific evidences for the antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the plant.


Abstract
 This article considers a clash of 2 historic ways of understanding human relations with the environment in James Bay, Canada, which stretches from 52° to 55° north latitude: Cree traditional knowledge and the writings of early 17th-century English explorers. The observations and practices of both Natives and newcomers reflected the enduring power of cold and the particular systems of information that emerged in a region where winter posed myriad threats. These different kinds of historical knowledge survive in different media, one oral and the other written. By considering them together, it becomes clear that the most radical environmental shift in the region occurred not with the signing of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975, but instead over 300 years earlier. This conclusion suggests reconsideration of the environmental historian Alfred Crosby's notion of "ecological imperialism", a process understood as the result of the movement of biota, with quick and far-reaching results across temperate zones in the Western Hemisphere (and in select other parts of the Earth). In and around James Bay, the arrival of Europeans—and their recognition that they could survive and extract resources from the region despite the dangers of its winters—initiated long-term environmental changes well before the transference of biota.


age of 16 years. Other noteworthy history included thyrotoxicosis, diagnosed 5 years previously and treated with carbimazole. She underwent a revascularization procedure to the right lunate (using a reverse-flow pedicled bone graft based on the 4/5 extensor compartment artery). The left hand was managed conservatively in a plaster cast for 3 months. Treatment resulted in improvement in vascularity on MRI scan and resolution of pain. Several cases of Kienböck's disease have been described in patients with systemic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, or Crohn's disease, and the association has generally been attributed to systemic steroid treatment. Bilateral Kienböck's disease has been described in several small series (Rasmusen and Schantz, 1987; Taniguchi and Tamaki, 1998; Yazaki et al., 2005) and reported systemic associations are uncommon. Mok et al. (1997) discussed a single case of bilateral Kienböck's disease in a patient treated with steroids for SLE. In reports of bilateral Kienböck's disease that contain descriptions of occupations, it has been suggested that repetitive stress associated with manual labour may contribute to the development of the disease (but no case-control study has been performed to confirm or refute this). There are no previous reports of Kienböck's disease occurring in association with diabetes. The co-existence of the two pathologies may represent a chance occurrence, but because the microangiopathy that occurs in diabetes may be an aetiological factor in the development of Kienböck's disease, we thought it worthwhile to report this case.


Melamine amino trimethylene phosphate (MATMP) as a novel nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant, was synthesized by the reaction of melamine with amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) in aqueous solution. The structure of MATMP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. Rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams were prepared by one-shot and free-rise method, using MATMP as a flame retardant. The flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties of MATMP in RPU foams were studied. It is found that the RPU foam containing 15 wt % MATMP (sample RPUMA-15) can pass the UL-94 V0 test with a limiting oxygen index of 25.5%. The cone calorimeter test results show that the peak heat release rate of RPUMA-15 is reduced about 34% compared with that of untreated RPU foam. SEM results indicate that the RPU foams with MATMP can form the good and compact char during burning which provides better flame retardancy. The compressive strength of the RPU foams filled with MATMP first increases and then slightly decreases with an increase in the MATMP content comparing with that of untreated RPU foam. Moreover, thermal conductivities of the MATMP filled RPU foams are about 0.03 W/m K. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45234.


Johore, the southern part of west peninsular Malaysia is found to be rich in peat soil, especially at the Pontian & Batu Pahat district. The physico-chemical properties of the peat soil at the region had been extensively studied by various researches but limited studies were based on the interface layer of peat soil and non organic soil. The behaviour of the interface layer soil is believed to be governed by its organic matter content. Three locations of Batu Pahat, namely Parit Nipah, Parit Sidek & Batu Puteh which are difference in terms of geography setting were chosen in this case study. The main objective of this study is to characterize the geochemistry properties of the organic soil as a guide of its engineering behaviour. The soil specimens were collected using peat auger and undisturbed sampler. The organic contents and types of organic were determined in laboratory based on Loss on Ignition at 440c, carbon content and its molecular functional group. The pH, sulphate content, chloride content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the organic soil were also determined as a guide of its potential stabilization by using chemical stabilizer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were utilized to determine the bulk chemical composition of the soil and its functional group, respectively. The findings of this study are expected to give a better overview of organic soil which enable designer to have a better understanding when dealing with this kind of material.


My dissertation explores the daily lives and experiences of the African men, women and children who, from 1917 to 1975, traveled to the diamond mines of the Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (Diamang) in Angola's Lunda region, toiled on and around them, created mining communities and eventually returned home. Diamang enjoyed exclusive mining and labor procurement rights over a vast concessionary area in the Portuguese colony of Angola and used this monopoly to become the colony's largest commercial operator and also its leading revenue generator. The wealth was generated on the backs of African laborers, many of whom were forcibly recruited to work on the mines via the aggressive state-company recruitment scheme in place in Lunda ( shibalo ). By the 1960s, Diamang was employing annually over 20,000 African men, women and children from throughout the northeastern, central and eastern regions of Angola, as well as others from the neighboring (Belgian) Congo. Drawing upon extensive archival and oral evidence, the dissertation focuses on the work performed and the gendered organization of labor both on the mines and in company encampments from the commencement of mining operations in 1917 to Angolan independence in 1975.

Although conditions on Diamang's were brutal, there is little evidence that the company's African work force engaged in overt resistance, such as strikes or trade unionism, so commonly pursued by African mineworkers elsewhere across southern Africa. Instead, informants described in great detail how they and their colleagues engaged in a wide variety of acts, often hidden, to improve their living and working conditions without fear of the violent reprisals that open, collective action would have surely elicited. In short, their words document graphically how they coped, creatively adapted and, at times, struggled against this oppressive regime. I argue that the absence of closed compounds, the proximity of the (Belgian) Congolese border and thinly-stretched colonial and company staffs offered African men and women sufficient space in which to pursue gendered strategies and thereby help to shape their own histories.


The internationalization of higher education has been on the agenda for decades now all over the world. Study abroad programs are undoubtedly tools of the internationalization endeavors. The ERASMUS Student Mobility Program is one of the flagships of the European Union's educational exchange programs implicitly aiming for the internationalization of European higher education. Despite the high level of support from the European Commission, the ERASMUS opportunity seems to be underused in several institutions. This study looks at the possible obstacles of internationalization at the institutional level through the lens of study abroad programs, and serves as a lesson for higher education institutions in the USA. Through desk research and a student survey, the author explores the encouraging factors and discouraging factors that affect business students in their decision whether to apply for a study abroad program or not.


Building design and emphasis on understanding the environment and respect for the environment.combined with concrete practice in commercial design,building the creative process to union city space all creation.


The earthquake probability vulnerability model is a method that is used to estimate the loss of earthquake quickly and accurately.Based on the survey data from Wenchuan earthquake,this paper classified the tunnel failure modes into 14 kinds,divided the tunnel seismic damage state into minor,moderate,major and collapse class according to the seismic damage level,and divided the tunnel structure into entrance,fractured and ordinary part.By analyzing the statistical survey material,calculating the probability of every tunnel structure in every tunnel seismic damage state and combining with the ratio of each damage state,this paper established the probability vulnerability model,which can estimate the loss of the similar earthquake quickly in future.


In Russia trade was widely organised by salesmen of rural origin using weekly village-bazaars and fairs. Thus in the middle of the 19th century Russian economy showed a prevalent early-modern character and grew at an expanding, but largely slow pace in comparison to the Westeuropean development. Fairs, weekly bazaars and peasant traders are vivid examples mirroring the extraordinary power and adaptive ability of traditional economic structures, which made a proto-industrial upward trend possible without fundamental structural change. The slowly growing domestic demand was the decisive factor for the development of the Russian protoindustry. The Russian peasant was both producer and consumer of commercial goods. That does not mean, that foreign trade did not play any role at all. But its close connection with growing commercial density demands a different point of view. In Pavlovo it was not foreign demand for commercial goods, which added to the rise of money economy and commerce. It was rather the expanding international trade in agrarian goods, which strengthened mass purchasing power, the import of raw materials and machinery and a protectionist customs tariff system that created the conditions for proto-industrial processes.


: Background: antibiotics overuse is influenced by several factors that can only be measured using a valid and reliable psychosocial measurement instrument. This study aims to establish translation and early stage validation of an instrument recently developed by this research team to measure factors influencing the overuse of antibiotic in children with upper respiratory tract infections in Saudi Arabia. Method: content evaluation panel was composed of area experts approached using the Delphi Technique. Experts were provided with the questionnaires iteratively, on a three round basis until consensus on the relevance of items was reached independently. Translation was achieved by adapting Brislin's model of translation. Results: after going through the iterative process with the experts, consensus was reached to 58 items (including demographics). Experts also pointed out some issues related to ambiguity and redundancy in some items. A final Arabic version was produced from the translation process. Conclusion: this study produced preliminary validation of the developed instrument from the experts' contribution. Then, the instrument was translated from English to Arabic. The instrument will undergo further validation steps in the future, such as construct validity.


Ras proteins are critical regulators of cellular growth. The population of activated, GTP‐bound Ras in normal cells is controlled by protein regulators. Oncogenic mutations promote activation by populating the active state of Ras, most frequently by impairing the action of proteins that downregulate its activity. Recently, a novel mechanism of Ras activation was identified, in which modification by ubiquitination was found to populate Ras in its active GTP‐bound state, enhance interactions with downstream effectors and promote Ras‐mediated tumorigenesis. These findings represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role monoubiquitination may play in protein regulation. By conducting NMR, modeling, biochemical and biological studies, we find that monoubiquitination of Ras at position 147 has little effect on intrinsic guanine nucleotide binding or hydrolysis, but impairs the ability of GTPase activating proteins to downregulate Ras activity, accounting for the accumulation of Ras‐GTP in cells. These findings reveal that a post‐translational modification can disrupt protein interactions that normally constrain cellular signaling and transformation.


Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive malignancy originating from primitive mesenchymal cells that arise anywhere in the body, including sites where striate muscle is not found or scanty. RaMS is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma in young children, representing 5% of all childhood malignancies. Almost half of RMS occur in the head and neck with three different primary sites being recognized: parameningeal (PM), non-PM (NPM) and orbital (ORB). RMS of the nasopharynx represents an invasive and destructive form of the skull base. The prognosis of infiltrative form is reserved compared to that of localized forms. Treatment is mainly based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery depending on the location. We report a case of a 7yr-old child with a huge facial mass invading the skull base with a massive extension via the nasopharynx complicated by a right Orbital Apex Syndrome, the diagnosis of botryoid RMS was made and a multiple courses of chemoradiotherapy was performed with a slight improvement.


The Alpine Fault of central South Island New Zealand, can be tracked with seismic reflection methods to depths of ∼35 km as a listric-shaped surface with strong reflectivity. Maximum dips of the surface are ∼60 degrees at 15 km depth and the dip then lessens with depth until the reflectivity is sub-horizontal at ∼35 km. Wide-angle seismic methods are used to show that the P-wave velocities of the rocks are up to 10% less than normal in the zone above the fault surface. In cross-section this low-velocity Alpine Fault Zone is elongate, sits above the fault surface, and has dimensions roughly 45 by 20 km. A magnetotelluric study shows a low-resistivity anomaly that is roughly coincident with the zone of low seismic velocity. A straightforward interpretation is that both the electrical and seismic anomalies are caused by interconnected fluids at lithostatic pressure. The inference of fluids in the lower crust is supported by an attribute analysis of seismic reflections on specific shot gathers where the Alpine Fault reflections can unequivocally be identified. We reference both the amplitude and phase of the fault-zone reflections to the distinctive side-swipe reflections generated at the far shore of Lake Pukaki. High reflection coefficients of ∼0.25 are estimated for the Alpine Fault reflections, which may require both anisotropy and fluid to explain. We interpret the source of water to be metamorphic dewatering of the schist-greywacke rocks that thicken into the orogen. A detachment surface along which the greywacke-schist rocks are obducted is recognised as a zone of strong reflectivity on an 80-km-long, unmigrated seismic reflection section. This zone of strong reflectivity, which apparently merges into the Alpine Fault reflections, does not correlate with depth to the Moho but rather with the boundary between the base of the schist-greywacke rocks (Vp ∼6-6.2 krn/s) and the lower crust (Vp ∼7-7.2 km/s). We interpret the strong reflectivity on this boundary as being due to a shear fabric. Both geological and geophysical observations imply deformation in the lower and mid-crust and mantle that appears to be caused by a combination of ductile and brittle behaviour, with no evidence of lithospheric flexure. We interpret the Alpine Fault Zone as a profoundly hot, wet, and weak region of continental crust.


Ternary binuclear complexes (AFeL'FeA) Cl 4 where L 1 is the binucleating ligand 5,5'-methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde and ligand A is 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, and binary binuclear complexes of the binucleatingschiff base with two tridentate coordination sites, obtained by the condensation of 5,5'-methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde with aminoethyl pyridine, have been synthesized and characterized by spectral, magnetic, mass spectral and electrochemical studies.


A descriptive study whose aim was to identify the activities carried out by Accident and Emergency nurses in an Accident and Emergency Unit in a university hospital in Curitiba in the state of Parana. Data collection was by non-participant observation for six hours a day for the period of one month. The nurses' routine activities were classified with a view to characterising their work processes. Nurses spend 61% of their time on management activities, 21% on helping others, 12% on personal care, and 6% on teaching and research. Even considering the time spent on helping others, the management role is intrinsic to the work of nursing professionals, characterizing them as a reference to the team in terms of the unit's management. In this way it may be seen that the planning of activities is essential to the development of the nurse's work process.


Evidence concerning the impact of dementia‐related fear on health‐related outcomes is limited. Our aim was to determine the relationship between fear of dementia, quality of life and subjective memory in older adults using a novel scale to measure fear of memory decline (FAM scale).


This paper introduces the KyotoEBMT Example-Based Machine Translation framework. Our system uses a tree-to-tree approach, employing syntactic dependency analysis for both source and target languages in an attempt to preserve non-local structure. The effectiveness of our system is maximized with online example matching and a flexible decoder. Evaluation demonstrates BLEU scores competitive with state-of-the-art SMT systems such as Moses. The current implementation is intended to be released as open-source in the near future.


This paper deals with nine species of Gnathostomulida from the Pacific Ocean, all in established genera. Of the nine species one is cosmopolitan (Haplognathia rosacea (Sterrer, 1970)), four have been described previously from other localities in the Indo‐Pacific (Cosmognathia manubrium Sterrer, 1991; Gnathostomula maldivarum Gerlach, 1958; Austrognathia nannulifera Sterrer, 1991; Austrognatharia pecten Sterrer, 1991), and four are new to science (Pterognathia ugera sp.n.; Gnathostomula algreti sp.n.; Austrognatharia macroconifera sp.n.; Austrognatharia mooreensis sp.n.).


Preliminary Draft An Assessment of Available Data and Data Needs for Studying Intra- and Inter-Generational Family Relationships and Behavior* Suzanne Bianchi University of Maryland V. Jeffery Evans National Institute of Child Health and Human Development V. Joseph Hotz UCLA and NBER Kathleen McGarry UCLA and NBER Judith A. Seltzer UCLA Latest Draft: June 19, 2007 *The work undertaken for this report is part of the Explaining Family Change and Variation pro- ject funded by NICHD. We wish to thank Kate Choi for her able research assistance in helping to compile the summaries of the existing data collection studies analyzed in this study and Bijou Hunt for her able assistance in coordinating our efforts to gather information from the directors and principal investigators of these data collection studies. We benefited from comments from Duncan Thomas, Kate Choi and Bijou Hunt on an earlier draft.


Proximity effect and foggy effect correction is performed to obtain an ideal CD distribution of resist patterns within a mask plate. However, gobal loading effect in dry etching causes an additional CD distribution of Cr patterns. In order to satisfy the CD distribution specification in 65nm node, CD distribution in global loading effect should be improved to be 2nm or less. To accomplish the goal, a correction system of dry etching loading effect has been developed. The correction is performed by sizing patterns in each writing field (1mm x 1mm). The sizing amount, minimum step of 1nm, is calculated according to the parameters, which are defined by measuring the test patterns. The loading effect is evaluated by measuring the CD difference of 1 micron lines and spaces in 80mm x 40mm clear area and that in completely dark area, which is an extremely severe case. The writer is JEOL/JBX-3030, and the dry etcher is Unaxia/VLR700GIII in the experiment. By applying this correction, CD uniformity caused by the global loading effect can be reduced to 2nm or less.


An age related increased cellularity in the lamina propria of the mouse bladder is described. The identified cell types involved are plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophilic leukocytes, and probably represent an inflammatory plasma cell infiltration. Two rare unidentified cell types were also seen. The cause of the inflammatory reaction is unknown, but the failure to detect a causative microorganism suggests that it might be an autoimmune response, possibly related to the clinical condition of interstitial cystitis. From foci of increased cellularity, located in the close proximity of blood vessels, lymphocytes migrate to the urothelium which otherwise shows no ultrastructural changes with age.


In what follows, let it be premised in a sentence, no attempt is made to cover the whole ground of present-day literature upon our great theme. What has been aimed at, rather, is to bring out into prominence some few significant lin.es of tendency more or less discernible in recent works devoted to Atonement doctrine. For the most part these lines of tendency cross each other quite freely, and the effort to separate theological writers into distinct groups, standing apart from each other, not to say animated by a spirit of mutual antagonism, would at present be more than usually hazardous. Today, as in every generation, a certain class of thinkers may be distinguished-they are often called radical-who appear to have no place at all for saving interposition on Christ's part. According to Weinel, for example, Jesus never regarded Himself as fulfilling a mediatorial function, for He knew that no mediator was required. * Writers of this group would deny that anything happened when our Lord died which directly or substantially affected the relation of God and man. Apart from the impression of Jesus' martyrdom, set forth by many of them with great power, they prefer to rest satisfied with a purely historical account of the causes which produced the event of Calvary, and they see no reason of a religious kind for going behind those causes, or inquiring as to the great Divine purpose they may exhibit, or the modifying influence they were meant to have upon the situation of the sinful. This mode of thought, I believe, is traceable at last to a principle, as old as Greek or even Hindu reflection, namely, th'at history as such, being the sphere of change and contingency, is at best imperfectly real, because all real being is eternal. To use a familiar illustration, history resembles the pictures on a cinemato-


The change in the type and rate of sedimentation is of meridian trend. The biogenic sediments (IumashelIs) on the shelf to the south of Kaliakra Cape are replaced by terrigenous ones. The deep water sediments in the northern part of the depression are represented by coccolithic carbonate oozes. The quantity and the grain-size of the terrigenous component in them increases to the south and they are replaced by terrigenous lithofacies. Two big areas of avalanche sedimentation are developed. The first one is located along the wide Western shelf and is connected with material's discharge from the Rumellian current. The second area is in the southern deep water part of the depression. It is supplied by the Anatolian coast (by solid discharge of the River Sakarya mainly) and is subjected to considerable influence of the turbidy currents.


The purpose of this work was the creation of a statistical modeling able to replace the process used to setup of the ovens of the quench hardening and tempering that is traditionally accomplished through adjustments made based on the results of mechanical properties as tested in laboratory and required in customer specifications. We sought to understand the influence of the input variables (factors) on the mechanical properties tensile strength and hardness, in SAE 9254 draw steel wires, with diameters 2.00 mm and 6.50 mm, used in the manufacture of valve springs and clutch for automobile tracking. Were investigated the input variables of the process speed and tempering temperature. Design of Experiments with block Analysis, Quadratic Multiple Regression, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). For the optimization of statistical models were used the Generalized Reduced Gradient methods (GRG), Genetic Algorithm (AG) and the Meta-heuristics Simulated Annealing (SA). The results revealed that all variables considered have significant influence and models obtained were validated using appropriate statistical methods. This new modeling and its optimization, if properly implemented and enforced, could lead scientific advances which would provide the automation of this process, and consequently cause great impact on increasing productivity and product quality.


Since the publication of Seymour Papert's 'Mindstorms' in 1980 there has been a steady flow of articles reporting on research which has attempted, in some sense, to test the claims made for programming as an educationally beneficial activity. The overall picture that these articles paint is not a clear one, but they leave a residual impression that the claims are, as yet, unsubstantiated. This paper argues that we are not in need of further controlled experimental studies so much as a clarification of our understanding of the novice programmer's learning task. It reviews a number of studies which have attempted to model the cognitive demands of programming through detailed observation rather than through abstract analysis. It emphasizes the distinction between programming as it is experienced in introductory classes and programming as an idealized cognitive activity.


Feynman amplitudes in perturbative quantum field theory are being expressed in terms of an algebra of functions, extending the familiar logarithms, and associated numbers periods. The study of these functions (including hyperlogarithms) and numbers (like the multiple zeta values), that dates back to Leibniz and Euler, has attracted anew the interest of algebraic geometers and number theorists during the last decades. The two originally independent developments are recently coming together in an unlikely confluence between particle physics and what were regarded as the most abstruse branches of pure mathematics.


Objective To explore the efficacy of intervertebral disc with inter-body morselized bone and transpedicular screw system internal fixation in the treatment of lumbar spine instability. Methods Forty-eight patients with lumbar spine instability were treated by posterior bilateral fenestration, intervertebral disc with inter-body morselized bone and transpedicular screw system internal fixation. Results Forty-eight patients with lumbar spine instability were followed up 28-36 months, X-rays showed that the fusion rate of the whole group was 97.9%, 3 cases of complications were disappeared after surgery. Conclusion Intervertebral disc with inter-body morselized bone and transpedicular screw system internal fixation in the treatment of lumbar spine instability has high fusion rate and satisfactory clinical efficiency.


The proposed method is aimed at reducing eddy current (EC) induced distortion in diffusion weighted echo planar imaging, without the need to perform further image coregistration between diffusion weighted and T2 images. These ECs typically have significant high order spatial components that cannot be compensated by preemphasis.


This study aims to provide a description regarding the influence of the District Court judge's verdict in the Sambo cs case on the level of public trust in the criminal justice system in Indonesia. The approach in this study uses a type of quantitative research. The sample of respondents consisted of 200 respondents located in Brebes Regency, Tegal Regency, Tegal City and Pemalang Regency. The sampling technique used non-random sampling with purposive sampling. While the instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the independence hypothesis test through the Khai-Square distribution. This study concludes that based on the calculation results, the khai-squared value is 62.586. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. In fact, the District Court judge's verdict in the Sambo cs case did influence the level of public trust in the criminal justice system in Indonesia.


Current understanding of the effect of team tenure on team processes suggests that psychological safety climate and climate strength increase as team tenure increases. However, theoretical and empirical work contradicts this assumption. Specifically, team development theories suggest that teams encounter various interpersonal experiences throughout their tenure, making a linear relationship an unlikely description of team tenure's relationship with psychological safety climate and climate strength. The primary purpose of this research is to develop and test theory that captures the complex way in which psychological safety climate and climate strength develop as a function of team tenure. We found that team tenure had a curvilinear relationship with psychological safety climate and climate strength. Shorter-tenured teams exhibited a negative relationship between team tenure and psychological safety climate and climate strength, whereas longer-tenured teams exhibited a positive relationship between team te...


The legal framework under which the European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) is called to operate is particularly complex, given the need for this body to exercise its functions in the legal systems of the Member States, applying both Union and national law. While this may justify the many references to national law contained in the EPPO's founding Regulation (2017/1939), several among these references present relevant interpretative issues, and may in some cases even have a misleading effect. The article aims at showing examples of these different scenarios. It also touches briefly on the relevance of soft law in the legal framework of the EPPO.


defend state judicial elections, Bonneau and Hall, two leading scholars of state JL courts, examine 264 state supreme court elections in eighteen states and 210 retention elections for 1990-2004, when judicial elections moved from low to high salience and competition increased. They draw on literature on judges' decision mak ing, on factors affecting turnout and election "roll-off," and on challengers to argue, counter to reformers' views, that judicial elections for state high courts are not subject to the host of reformers' complaints and are "as efficacious as elections to other political offices" (p. xv). They set out concerns about the purportedly malign effects of increasing competition for, and expenditures on, judicial positions and assert that judicial reform, particularly nonpartisan elections, may actually produce effects about which reformers themselves complain, like low turnout and high campaign expendi tures. Judicial elections have become much more like elections for other positions, they tell us, with voter participation affected by much the same factors?contestation and well-financed campaigns. The authors declare that they have arrived at "one striking conclusion: that the principal charges against judicial elections are factually inaccurate" (p. 129), and they further conclude that state supreme court elections, "far from being institutional fail ures," are "a highly effective means for promoting citizen control of government and should be reconsidered" (pp. 17-18). One proposition underlying their arguments is that state-high-court judges are important political actors with discretion to shape judicial decisions to their personal preferences, while they are constrained by strategic contingencies, contextual features, and institutional arrangements like selection method and length of term. On "politically volatile and highly divisive disputes" (p. 15) that are complex and have no one clear answer, judges will not be bound by law and precedent. Their other proposition is that judges seeking to retain office through election are not different from other political actors. Basic


GitHub Inc is one of the web-hosting services that are being controlled by git. These are mostly implemented for computer codes. In addition to offering all the distributed version control and SCM (Source Code Management) functionalities, it also provides its own features. In its every project, it offers access control and features like bug tracking, feature request, task manager, wiki's etc. Both private repositories and free accounts (which is mostly occupied for hosing opensource software projects) gains plans with the help of GitHub. According to the report made for June 2018 it is the largest host of the source code containing 28 million users, 57 million repositories which includes 28 million public repositories. GitHub is both version controlled and collaboration platform used for software development. GitHub is being generally delivered as SaaS (Software-asa-service) business model, is an open source code management system found on Git during 2008 which was created by Linus Torvalds to construct software at a quicker phase.


Emissions trading systems (ETSs) are emerging around the globe in response to climate change concerns. A severe side effect that may flow from an ETS is carbon leakage, which is generally understood as the shift of production to less regulated jurisdictions as a result of carbon pricing policy, and affects the environmental effectiveness of any ETS. In the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) concerns about carbon leakage are related to electricity production. In the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), by contrast, concerns focus on industrial production as opposed to electricity production. This paper formulates policy lessons from the carbon leakage discussion in RGGI about the factors that will make carbon leakage in the electricity generation sector (electricity leakage) a problem in the EU ETS.First, electricity leakage depends on the physical opportunity for importing power into the ETS region, which is determined by the existence of cross-border transmission lines, available transmission capacity and demand for imported electricity in the ETS region. Second; leakage occurs when there is a net financial incentive to import electricity. This arises when the costs related to cross-border transmission, including line loss costs, congestion charges and long-term contracts on the electricity market, are outweighed by the existence of considerable production cost differentials between regulated and unregulated out-of-region electricity generation. The paper analyzes how ambitious emission reduction targets and current developments in the framework of the Energy Community Treaty will bring about electricity leakage in the EU ETS. This inevitability requires timely regulatory clarification from the legislator for the purpose of preventing inefficiency from investments that turn out to be redundant ex post (stranded costs).


Two drug-resistant strains of Schistosoma mansoni were compared in this study in order to decide whether they are both mutated in the same gene with respect to drug-sensitive schistosomes. One of the two strains was isolated in the laboratory, while the other one originated from a treated uncured patient and was subsequently drug selected in the laboratory. The approach consisted in a genetic complementation test performed essentially by crossing the two strains and assessing resistance in the progeny. Since no reappearance of drug sensitivity was detected in the progeny, it was concluded that the two strains failed to complement and were therefore mutated in the same gene. This finding suggests that a single step of drug activation operates in sensitive schistosomes and is ineffective in resistant worms.


Curvilinear Rock Art Style Designs of this category appear to co-exist along with those of the conventionalized forms, in particular, the Basic Rock Art style. The Abstract Curvilinear Style is widely but sparsely distributed along the coast and appears to link up with the pit and groove designs and style of the American Great Basin and Southwestern cultural 'Pettigrew (1975:5) has refined this period as falling between A.O. SOO and 1250.


This article outlines the principal reform proposals set out in the UK Government's Consultation Document, 'A Competition Regime for Growth: A Consultation on Options for Reform.' Given the huge breadth of the proposals, however, it does not discuss each proposal in detail but focuses on the core proposal to create a new Competition and Markets Authority and a new procedural framework for decision-taking in each of the antitrust, markets and merger regimes. In particular, a key issue considered is how the Government proposes to achieve faster and more frequent decision-taking, whilst at the same time ensuring accountability, predictability, due process and that the system is compliant with the requirements of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 (ECHR).


ENCODER and SATELLITE This dual-session paper describes a new DBS system using packetized MPEG-compressed digital audio and video (multiplexed with supporting bit streams), QPSK transmission via high-power Ku band transponders and an 18 inch receiving dish with set-top decoder to provide 150 digital quality channels for display on existing television receivers. Part 1 covers encoder signal processing, modulator sub-system and satellite transponders. Part 2 covers receiver/demodulator and decoder signal processing and overall system operation.


Based on a variety of vocational ideas and the developing trend of them, the proper ideas of running, teaching and managing a vocational college are put forward.


In the 40 years of global microcredit practice, loan technology has played a positive role in microcredit as one of the most important supporting elements. The development and evolution of microcredit institution lending technology is the result of comprehensive consideration of specific regional economic, social, cultural, and geographical factors. In the context of the diversified trend of microcredit technology, choosing loan technology reasonably, exploring flexible guarantee conditions, and innovating diversified loan technology combinations will become practical problems faced by microcredit institutions, and also the direction of theoretical research. The timely innovation of group loan technology in microcredit has practical value and theoretical significance for promoting the innovation of financial agricultural products in the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy, as well as bridging the theoretical controversy of microcredit loan technology. The performance evaluation of microfinance groups lending is a MAGDM issues. In this paper, the distances measures of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and maximizing deviation method (MDM) is used to obtain the attribute weight values. Based on the classical Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) method, the single-valued neutrosophic numbers MABAC (SVNN-MABAC) method is constructed for MAGDM under SVNSs. Finally, an example for performance evaluation of microfinance groups lending and some comparative decision analysis are constructed to verify the SVNN-MABAC model.


The invention discloses a method and a device for transferring voice messages. The method includes: staring a voice recognition module when quality of voice communication is lowered; performing voice recognition through the voice recognition module by a terminal to voice signals collected by a local voice input device, and generating corresponding text messages to send to an opposite terminal; or sending the voice signals to a voice recognition cloud end through the voice recognition module by the terminal, and obtaining corresponding text messages from the voice recognition cloud end to send to the opposite terminal. By the method and the device, effectiveness and timeliness of voice message transferring can be improved, and quality of user experience is enhanced.


Multiple single chip microcomputers are adopted to form a one-master multiple-slave network structure which is connected through serial ports, a mainframe is responsible for storage, setting, display, key pressing, reading and compiling, slave machines are responsible for execution. The function of procedure-oriented control is achieved by using NC representation modes (settable commonly-used function, programmable user level and instruction word programming) for reference.


In order to study the influence of double-slotted cutter on chip forming, this paper uses the general finite element simulation software ABAQUS, and builds a finite element model based on Johson-cook material model and Johson-cook fracture criterion. This paper analyzes the changes in cutting force and cutting temperature obtained when cutting titanium alloys with three different double-slot structures. This paper draws the cutting force and cutting temperature change curve at the tool tip, and analyzes and compares the post-processing results of the three geometries. The test results show that the double concave arc groove cutter has less cutting force and cutting temperature during cutting, and the cutting process is relatively stable, which is more suitable for cutting than other groove types.


The main aim of this work is to illustrate the main results obtained through 3D numerical simulations of long period earthquake ground motion within the Gubbio plain, a closed-shape alluvial basin located in the Central Italy, during the Mw 5.7 Gubbio earthquake on 29 April 1984. The numerical model, discretized by means of spectral elements, was designed to propagate up to frequencies of about 2 Hz, including a realistic description of the Gubbio plain and of the seismogenic source as well. The simulated waveforms were found to be in reasonable agreement with strong motion recordings. Results of numerical simulations inside the alluvial basin were analyzed to shed light on complex phenomena of seismic wave propagation related to basin-edge induced surface wave propagation and on their possible dependence on source parameters.


Closed-circuit-television (CCTV) surveillance is an increasing feature of our daily lives. However, there is an ongoing debate over how effective CCTV is in reducing and preventing crime. This mostly related with ability of the CCTV system effectively solve crime. The main objective of this study is to determine the parameters that can contribute in the effectiveness of CCTV in commercial buildings in preventing crime. Methodology used in this study includes literature review, data collection using structured interviews with 30 building managers. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. The result shows that there were no significant correlation between the parameter used identified for CCTV with the safety performance. This situation probably occurs due to lack of standard parameters or variables in correlating them with the safety performance. More critical investigation is needed in order to determine significant parameters in effective CCTV system.


The present paper investigates the computer based instruction and its effectiveness on achievement of students in mathematics. Computer based instruction enables the students to learn by selfevaluating and reflecting on their learning process. Mathematics achievement plays a very important role in the attainment of the ideal of harmonious development of a student. In this rapidly changing world and with the growing advancement in science and technology, the place of mathematics has become so vital that every parent today sets high goals for the students to achieve. Computer based instruction plays a very important role in achievement of students. It motivates children to learn better by providing them with the immediate feedback and reinforcement and by creating an exciting and interesting game-like atmosphere.


tired from his 1980 appointment as professor (personal chair) in electrical engineering at the University of Queensland and was made an emeritus professor of the university. He was then appointed professorial research fellow so that he could complete his research contracts and assist in working up new contracts. He is also working on a new book and is carrying out testing and contract work for the university's high voltage and insulation laboratories and for his consulting company Lightning and Transient Protection (LTP). Darveniza is a graduate of the University of Queensland (BE, DEng) and of London (PhD). His interests are in electrical power systems, with special emphasis on high voltage insulation and lightning protection. He has published extensively, including three books and over 200 papers, and has presented many short courses in his fields of expertise. He is a fellow of IEEE, of IEAust, of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, and is foreign fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. He has received many awards and prizes from IEEE and IEAust and was awarded an Hon DSc(Eng) by Chalmers University, Sweden in 1990. He has had an active involvement in IEEE DEIS and PES activites, including T&D committees and task forces. In 1995, he received the IEEE Hermann Halperin Electric Transmission and Distribution Award. Mat Darveniza


The purposes of this research were to: 1) to investigate the factors on student level which affecting their sexual risk behaviors 2) to find out the factors on school level which affecting the sexual risk behaviors' mean and regression coefficients 3) to construct the predictive equation of the factors affecting the sexual risk behaviors students. The samples were 64 teachers and 800 students data were analyzed to obtain frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson's product moment correlation and multi-level analysis.
The findings showed as follows:

The independent variables of the student level which positive affection affecting the sexual risk behaviors with the statistical significance at .01 level were sexual value, the influence of the media and technology and the influence of the friendship group. The independent variables of the student level which negative affection affecting the sexual risk behaviors with the statistical significance at .05 future orientation.
The independent variables of the school level which negative affection the sexual risk behaviors with the statistical significance at .05 level were the student support system and lesson plan on sex education. The variables of student support system which negative affection of the variables affecting the regression coefficients of the friendship group with the statistical significance at .05 level were
The predictive equation the sexual risk behaviors

       Predictive equation of the student level factors.
              Z¢SEXij =   -0.395(ZFUT) + 0.172(ZVAL) + 0.362(ZTECH) + 0.157(ZFRIE)
              The predictive equation of the school level factors.
              Z¢b01   =   -0.072(ZHELP) - 0.124(ZPLAN)
              Z¢bFRIE =   -0.110(ZHELP)


Introduction: The PASHOS project , Advanced Platform for studying Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) , is a multicentre study created to validate an OSAS screening model in Primary Care (PC). We present preliminary data on diagnostic and therapeutic agreement between the decisions taken by PC physicians and Sleep Lab Unit (SLU) specialists, based on clinical variables and Screening Respiratory Polygraphy (SRP). Methods: A SRP (ScreenG OSAS moderate suspicion–conservative measures; OSAS high suspicion-CPAP. Decisions made by PC and SLU were compared. Results: 102 patients (51M, 51F). Mean age: 56 years (SD12.04), mean BMI: 29.31kg/m 2 (SD4.74). According to the Berlin Questionnaire, 36.3% were high OSAS risk. Diagnostic and therapeutic agreements are shown in Table1. Conclusions: These preliminary data show very good agreement between PC and SLU staff. The previous training and close collaboration were probably the main reasons for these good results. Creating an integrated care model should be the next step in the management of OSAS patients.


Transmission system operators are responsible for secure and reliable operation of their grids. An important issue is the analysis of the impact of outages of transmission elements on the post contingency load flow. An effective tool for fast load flow calculation and grid security analysis is the use of Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs) and Line Outage Distribution Factors (LODFs). The following paper shows that the concept of LODFs can be extended for application on grids with load flow controlling elements such as phase shifting transformers (PSTs).


The Butterfly eVTOL aircraft configuration includes four tilting propellers based on Optimum Speed Tilt Rotor technology. The propellers have the ability to operate over a wide range of rotor speeds and therefore generate thrust efficiently in all design flight conditions. Individual blade control actuators are used to provide cyclic inputs and generate hub mast moments. The combined features of variable RPM and mast moment control gives the Butterfly the unique ability to operate with sufficient control margins even with two operational propellers. This paper describes the control methodology to stabilize and operate the aircraft in both the normal and multiple failed propeller conditions. The propeller performance and control response is validated with experiments. The effect of the control methodology and propeller performance on the center of gravity envelope is analyzed. A simple feedback control scheme is applied to demonstrate the efficacy of the control methodology in normal and failure modes.


A piezoelectric actuator module (03) for an arrangement surrounded by a medium is described, consisting of an actuator base (05) and an actuator head (04) and at least one piezoactuator (16) of piezo elements (6) surrounded therebetween, comprising at least the piezoactuator ( 16) surrounding protective layer system (17) of one or more functional protective layers, in which piezoelectric actuator (03) at least one protective layer comprises a barrier protection layer (18) of a graded nanocomposite consisting of a matrix with embedded in the matrix fillers, wherein the filler content in the matrix over the thickness of the barrier protective layer (18) away with increasing distance from the piezoelectric actuator (16) changed. In addition, a piezoactuator (16) for the arrangement surrounded by a medium, with piezo elements (06) and with a protective layer system (17) of one or more functional layers is described, in which at least one protective layer is a barrier protection layer (18) made of a graduated nanocomposite, consisting of a matrix with embedded in the matrix fillers, wherein the filler content in the matrix over the thickness of the barrier protective layer (18) away with increasing distance from the piezoelectric actuator (16) changes.


MONOAMNIOTIC TWIN pregnancy is a relatively rare condition which occurs when twins are contained in a single amniotic sac. The first comprehensive review of the literature was made in 1935 by Quigley, who found 109 cases; Raphael in 1961 added a further 74 cases, bringing the total reported in the world literature to 183. Pauls brought the number of cases up to 224 in a review of the world literature up to 1966. This paper is presented to report two further cases in which the diagnosis was suspected before delivery. Both patients were admitted to the same hospital in 1 week.


Introduction/Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive
 autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that can reduce the quality
 of life. Personality traits and coping strategies are a significant factor
 in interpersonal variance regarding quality of life. The aim of this study
 was to examine relations between personality traits and coping strategies in
 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) type MS, and to examine relations of
 personality traits, coping strategies and quality of life in patients with
 RR type MS. Methodology: Observational cross-sectional study included 66
 patients (34 female and 32 male) with clinically definitive MS, based on the
 McDonald criteria. The following clinical scales were used to examine
 personality traits, coping strategies and quality of life: Revised NEO
 Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) and
 Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54). Results: The average age of
 the patients was 41.6 ± 7.1 years. Pearson correlation coefficient shows
 that with regards to coping strategies, the only positive relation exists
 with neuroticism (r=.502). The correlation is negative between neuroticism,
 passive coping strategies and quality of life with physical (r=-.284,
 p<0.05) and mental health (r=-.289, r=-0.358, p<0.05), meaning that the
 patients with a higher level of neuroticism, and who rely on passive coping
 strategies, have a worse quality of life. Conclusion: This research shows
 the importance of personality traits and coping strategy assessments in
 patients with RR type MS. Participation in cognitive-behavioral therapy,
 with an accent on active coping strategies, can improve the quality of life
 in patients with MS.


The study investigates the influence of the Jordanian monetary and fiscal policies on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) performance using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) approach. Market capitalization (MC), money supply (M1), and government expenditure (GE) were used  as  proxies  for  ASE  performance, monetary  policy,  and  fiscal  policy,  respectively.  The  analysis  was  undertaken  with  annual  data spanning over  twenty-seven years  in  logarithms form 1978  till 2004. Moreover, Dickey-Fuller and Johansen Cointegartion tests have been applied  for  testing  stationarity  and whether  the  variables  have  long  relationship. Empirical  results  are  consistent with  previous  literature, especially those related to emerging markets. The results show that these variables were not stationary in their levels and do not have long relationships. However,  the second difference  for MC and  the  first difference  for GE and M1 were stationary. In addition,  two main  tools were used to investigate whether the variables have short-term relationships, namely impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition tests.  For  confirming  the  argument  concerning  the  direction  of  the  relationships  among  variables,  Granger  causality  test  was  applied. Variance decomposition  results  showed  that MC  significantly  influenced by M1 whereas GE had much  less  influence,  since M1 and GE explain was 11% and 3%, respectively of the forecast error variance of MC. In addition, results show that stock market is responding to its own shocks since MC explained 87% of its forecast error variance in a ten-years period. The impulse response test shows that any shock to the M1 had a significant effect on the MC after almost two years, whereas GE shock had a marginal effect on the MC after three years. The response of the MC to its own-shocks was highly significant. Granger causality test showed that M1 has a significant effect on MC, while GE was not.  Key Words: Capital Market, Market Capitalization, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, VAR.


Collaboration among students in the course of learning plays an important role in developing communication skills. In particular, it helps for team building and brainstorming on solutions of complex problems. While an effective group organization is critical for the success of such collaborative learning, many instructors would make arbitrary decisions about student grouping. This is mainly due to the lack of in-depth studies analyzing group setup in face-to face settings and providing recommendations and practical guidelines for group assignment and management. To address this problem, we conducted a series of experiments exploring the dynamic formation of collaborative groups among foreign language students at different proficiency levels. On the basis of the obtained results and the identified limitations of the current methods, we propose a novel technology-enhanced approach to optimized group setup and effective management. This approach provides a scaffold for integrating Tangible Technology Enhanced Learning and Computer Supported Collaborative Learning into an instructional system with advanced interaction capabilities for augmented learning and enhanced instructor support for dynamic group management.


There are tradition approaches for design of skid trail schemes. These approaches apply well-known typical configuration schemes or its combination for the design. Engine power and speed operation of modern logging machines are increased, so it is necessary to upgrade the method of the schemes design to fully apply the potential of skidding vehicles. Dynamic programming method for design of skid trail schemes is considered in the paper. The method is implemented for cutting areas with specified zones of soil properties and distribution these zones within the bounds of a cutting area. Skid trail schemes are designed provided the most intensive traffic of a skidding vehicle is realized on the section of skid trails tracking in the zone having the best soil bearing capacity. Examples of the skid trail schemes are shown in the paper. The dynamic programming method for the skid trail design displayed the advantages and disadvantages. There is conclusion that improvement the dynamic programming method for practice and finding alternative mathematical method for the skid trail design are important applied-research task.