The dissolution of carbonate rock ‘karstification’ creates pronounced surface and subsurface heterogeneity and results in complex flow and transport dynamics. Consequently, water resources managers face significant challenges keeping calm when dealing with karst water resources especially in times of environmental change. My lecture not only will provide an overview of the peculiarities of karst hydrology but it will also offer some approaches that facilitate the assessment of environmental changes on karst water resources. Using two case studies, one at the plot scale and the other at the scale of an entire continent, I will contrast the opportunities and challenges of dealing with karst across different scales and climatic regions. Along these case studies, I will elaborate (1) how understanding on dominant karst processes can be obtained, (2) how this understanding can be incorporated into karst specific modelling approaches, and (3) how karst models developed at different scales can be used for water management. The presentation will conclude with some thoughts to facilitate less furious implementations of karst approaches for everyone.


We describe the design of an assistive email interface for persons with aphasia who have problems in reading, writing, and or speaking. The email interface was designed by consulting persons with aphasia, their therapists and partners. Writing support such as readymade sentences and recommendations of words from free hand drawing were introduced. The application is suitable to be used in smart phone/tablet pc and highly praised by the therapists and persons with aphasia. Our user studies showed that the application has potential for persons with aphasia due to its simplicity in use and alternative means of language support while composing email messages.


Sleep is essential for the survival of most living beings. Numerous researchers have identified a series of genes that are thought to regulate "sleep-state" or the "deprived state". As sleep has significant effect on body physiology, we believe that lack of REM sleep for a prolonged period would have a profound impact on various body tissues. Therefore, using microarray method, we have tried to determine which genes are up regulated and which are down regulated in the brain and liver of rats after 9-day REM sleep deprivation. Our results suggest that 9-day REM sleep deprivation differentially affects certain genes in the brain and the liver of the same animal. Highlights of the study ➢Gene expression profile of brain and liver tissues of rats was analysed after REM Sleep deprivation for 9 days by using microarray technique. ➢Many of the genes involved in essential physiological processes, such as protein synthesis and neuronal metabolism etc. are affected differently in the brain and liver tissue of rats after 9-day REM sleep deprivation.


The electron energy of semiconductor particles under illumination was examined by measuring the electron injection rate from semiconductor particles dispersed in an aqueous solution into an electrode immersed in the solution. The electron injection current was formulated as a function of electrode potential, which agreed well with the observed photocurrent vs potential curves for semiconductor particle dispersion systems, using metal or In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ as a probe electrode. It was revealed that the illumination of TiO/sub 2/, In/sub 2/O/sub 3/, or SnO/sub 2/ particles dispersed in a deaerated aqueous solution elevated their electron energy to a higher level compared to that under equilibrium in the dark. The resulting energy was high enough to reduce water to hydrogen in each case.


In the present memoir the author states at length, and fully illustrates by figures, the conclusions to which he has been led by a long series of researches into the anatomy of the Brachiopoda; investigations which have been conducted with a special reference to the discrepant opinions maintained by Prof. Owen and the older writers on the one hand, and by Prof. Huxley and himself on the other. Some of the points in dispute have already been discussed in a paper read before the British Association at Cheltenham, and in the present memoir the author not merely reiterates the statements which he then made, but gives a detailed account of the whole organization of the Brachiopoda based upon his dissections of the following species:—Wald heimia australis, W. Cranium, Terebratulina caput-sepentis, Rhyn-chonella psittacea, Lingula anatina, and another species of Lingulu.


2, negative in 546, and doubtful in 7 cases. When the test is positive it is followed by congestion of the conjunctiva, with some swelling and increased secretion of mucus, which is sometimes very abundant. The symptoms usually begin in from 6 to 8 hours after the tuberculin is used, and reach their height in 24 hours, afterwards gradually fading. The usual duration of the symptoms is from 1 to 3 days, but in 12 per cent, of the cases the symptoms lasted longer. In one case the


"Nobuko" is an autobiographical novel written by Miyamotoyuriko,which is called "herself classicality" by her.The novel described her amativeness,marriage,and divorce story based on herself America study experience.In this full-length novel,the relations to her mother,her husband Tukuda,and Motoko etc were interlaced together.Both Nobuko's real growing and her independence consciousness deepening were formed in the process of dealing with the above relations.This paper starts with the three kinds of relation to search the thirsting of Nobuko for independence,especially spirit independence and then reveals the idealistic content that Nobuko is equal to Miyamotoyuriko.


At the present time there is much talk about the future of America's medicine. The physician, the hospital, the government, voluntary and commercial insurance plans as well as the public, are vitally interested in the trend of Medical Economics of the future. We are on the threshold of a new era in the growth and expansion of health service. In the past ten years we have witnessed dramatic advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness, and there is every reason to believe that in the next ten years scientific progress in the development of new methods for the care of the sick and injured will exceed in importance those of the last half century. At the same time that scientific advances have been going forward at a rapid rate, there have been other developments of equal importance. During the past decade we have increased our total consumer expenditures for health by almost 300 per cent. The increase of our expenditures of tax funds for health purposes has been even greater. Part of these...


The roles of wildlife in rabies transmission are still underestimated in many parts of the world. In the developed countries, epidemiology of rabies considering wildlife has been well documented. However, in the least developed and developing countries, emphasis has not given on this issue. Human population is increasing all over the world, and new localities are continuously developing. As a result, wildlife territory is decreasing, and the animals are coming in close contact with humans. Besides, many people are keeping wildlife as the sources of their pleasures. Due to the increased interaction among wildlife, domestic animals and human there is need to intensify efforts on mass education and building of awareness on the risks of rabies spreading by the wildlife, and to institute effective preventive measures to control over the disease. In this mini-review, roles of wildlife in epidemiology of rabies has been discussed considering the dynamics of wildlife in relation with associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2017.d198 XML PubReader


A compound which is: methyl-amide 5- (3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo [d] azepin-7-yloxy) pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid ** see formula * * or 1- {6 - [(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl) oxy] -3-pyridinyl} -2-pyrrolidinone ** ** see formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


We presented an 11-month-old-girl with subcortical band heterotopia who had focal epilepsy detected by subtraction single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (SISCOM) and ictal electroencephalogram. She manifested cluster of partial seizures composed of asymmetric tonic posturing accompanied by head rotation to the right side. Ictal electroencephalogram showed that paroxysmal discharges were generated from the right parieto-occipital area and spread to surrounding areas. SISCOM revealed hyperperfusion in the overlying cortex of the right superior temporal gyrus, which corresponded to the onset area of ictal epileptiform discharges. These neurofunctional findings corresponded to her clinical seizures. Her seizures were controlled by high-dose phenobarbital therapy. We considered that the patient had focal epilepsy and that the epileptic focus might be in the overlying cortex, but not in the subcortical band.


It has been shown that the method of amplitude-phase decorrelation can reduce the fundamental intensity noise floor of semiconductor laser light over a wide bandwidth by the ratio 1/(1+ alpha /sup 2/), where alpha is the linewidth enhancement factor. The method uses a dispersive element to convert phase noise into intensity noise. This technique was recently demonstrated by reducing intensity noise from a DFB (distributed feedback) laser as much as 7 dB below its intrinsic level. In the present work, the authors extend these results by characterizing the frequency dependence of the noise reduction. Optimum reduction is achieved in the flat region of the spectrum and diminishes at higher frequencies approaching the relaxation resonance. The correlation properties of the fluctuations are also investigated. >


The gastrointestinal tract is the most common internal organ involved in systemic sclerosis. Any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus can be affected. Despite extensive investigation the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis remains elusive. Dysmotiity of the gastrointestinal tract causes the majority of symptoms. Recent investigations have identified a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract dysmotility mediated by functional anti-muscarinic receptor autoantibodies. Furthermore, the role of microRNA in the pathogenesis of SSc gastrointestinal involvement is being intensively studied. Although treatment currently remains symptomatic, an improved understanding of novel pathogenic mechanisms may allow the development of potentially highly effective approaches including intravenous immunoglobulin and microRNA based therapeutic interventions.


The purpose of this study is to determine and examine corporate governance (board of commissioner, independent commissioner, institutional ownership, managerial ownership and audit committee) and financial variabel measured by financial ratio such as leverage, activity, profitabilityand liquidity in affecting firm value in non financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research used 91 listed non financial companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange, selected using purposive sampling method in period 2013 to 2015. The analysis was performed using multiple linear regressions analysis method to determine the model of research. The research results show that the board of commissioner, managerial ownership, leverage and profitability had influence towards firm value whereas, the independent commissioner institutional ownership, audit committee, activity and liquidity had no influence towards firm value.


A method for calibrating an acoustic pulse recognition (APR) for a touch screen, the touch screen includes a touch APR N comparators contact points. Acquiring the N audio profiles, and each of the N comparators associated with one contact of the N audio profiles. The predetermined calibration file select N audio profile. The audio file comprises predetermined calibration profile associated with a coordinate position on the touch screen.


What do you do to start reading engineering in society engineering education and practice in the united states? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this engineering in society engineering education and practice in the united states.


A comprehensive comparison of the main fermentation parameters, productivity, yield and final Llactic acid concentration, obtained through batch, fed-batch and continuous cultivations using Lactobacillus casei CCDM 198 and a model cultivation medium was carried out. Using this data, a pulse-feed fed-batch process was established for testing chicken feather hydrolysate as a replacement for all complex nitrogen sources (yeast and beef extracts and peptone) in the medium. As comparably high values of productivity (about 4.0 g/L/h) and yield (about 98 %) were reached under all cultivation conditions, the maximum final Llactic acid concentration (116.5 g/L), as achieved through pulse-feed fed-batch fermentation, was chosen as the most important criterion for process selection. Fed-batch cultivation with chicken feather hydrolysate as both a complex nitrogen source and a neutralizing agent for maintaining constant culture pH yielded half the concentration of L-lactic acid compared to the model medium. We demonstrate here that chicken feather hydrolysate has potential for use in the production of L-lactic acid but its utilization requires further optimization HIGHLIGHTS  Batch, fed-batch and continuous lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei  Feather hydrolysate as complex nitrogen source substitute 2 Paulova, L.; et al. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol.63: e20190151, 2020 www.scielo.br/babt


The aim of the proposed recommendations is be a tool to facilitate decision-making in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). For an optimal decision, accessibility to the different diagnostics techniques and patient preferences need to be incorporated. The first assessment, which includes a chest computed tomography scan, separates a group of patients with extrapulmonary neoplasm or a high surgical risk who require individualized management. Another two groups of patients are patients with SPN up to 8 mm and those who have a subsolid SPN, for which specific recommendations are established. SPN larger than 8 mm are classified according to their probability of malignancy into low (less than 5%), where observation is recommended, high (higher than 65%), which are managed with a presumptive diagnosis of localized stage carcinoma, and intermediate, where positron emission tomography-computed tomography has high yield for reclassifying them into high or low probability. In cases of intermediate ∗ Autor para correspondencia. Correos electrónicos: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com (C.J. Álvarez Martínez). 0300-2896/$ – see front matter © 2013 SEPAR. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2014.01.013 Document downloaded from http://www.archbronconeumol.org/, day 09/08/2019. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited.


The simultaneous loss of most of the country's imported agricultural and industrial inputs, direct food imports, international markets and sources of foreign exchange resulted in a profound and continuing crisis for the Cuban people and government, a crisis amplified by escalation of the US government's long-standing economic and political blockade of the island nation. Most critically, agricultural production and food access plummeted to record lows, resulting in acute food shortages in a country that for decades had guaranteed an ample, low-cost food supply as a right of citizenship. In 1990, the Cuban President Fidel Castro declared the start of an indefinite 'Special Period in Peacetime' as the framework for the dramatic policy reforms necessary to meet the basic food requirements of the island's population. It was to be a period in which Cuba's agricultural and economic productivity would be rebuilt. As a direct result of the Special Period, Cuba has embarked on an unprecedented national transition from high-external input to lowinput and organic agriculture, including the implementation of biological, controlbased, integrated pest management (IPM) approaches throughout the country. Drawing on experience and investments in human resources that predate the Special Period by many years, policy makers, producers and researchers began adapting and reconstructing Cuba's agricultural infrastructures to facilitate low external input production, including the breakup of state farms into smaller units under more direct management by producers; the creation of a national network of small laboratories producing an increasing variety of biological control agents, botanical pesticides and biofertilisers; legalisation and promotion of private sector farmers' markets; widespread development of urban agriculture; and a new emphasis on farmer-to-farmer and farmer-to-extensionist exchanges, on-farm research and agro-ecological training for producers and scientists alike. Cuba's agricultural conversion not only challenges the common belief that feeding a nation's population depends on pesticides, but also highlights the strengths and limitations of two different versions of IPM: the 'input substitution' approach as opposed to using IPM as a component of an ecological agricultural system.


In this paper, we first construct (nonhomogeneous) quantum Markov chains (QMCs, for short) associated with partially open quantum random walks (POQRWs, for short). We then focus on the study of the analogs of irreducibility, period, and ergodic behavior of POQRWs by QMCs. Moreover, we get the characterization of invariant states of POQRWs via QMCs.


This paper expounds the main developing tendency of the features of OPAC2.0,and reveals the relationship between on the common development of OPAC2.0 and remote document delivery service in digital reference services based on their current level and needs.Finally,the paper looks forward for the future of integration service.


ABSTRACT Empirical scholars describe a 'virtuous circle' (VC) wherein effective governance, empirical legitimacy, and citizens' obedience are mutually reinforcing. This essay offers a normative perspective on the VC by bringing it into conversation with the literature on political resistance, which focuses on how citizens improve governance by resisting governmental authority. It is argued that the VC, and the concept of 'limited statehood' with which it is sometimes paired, obfuscate the potential for citizens' political resistance (PR) to improve governance. Interpreting the VC in a way that emphasizes citizens' political judgement, and situating the VC within a broader framework that includes PR, reduces this obfuscation and clarifies the VC's contributions to democratic theory.


Green supply chain is becoming the core competitive instrument for more and more enterprises. At the same time, new business models are emerging for the application of 3D printing technology, which has a significant impact on supply chain. The co-existence of these two phenomena for manufacturing enterprises suggests the development of precise and efficient green supply chain performance indicators in connection with 3D printing. A green supply chain performance evaluation system was proposed for manufacturing enterprises assuming 3D printing business model is adopted in this paper. More in detail the paper proposed a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) approach to explicitly consider and evaluate the implication with respect to: 1) 3D printing business process, 2) financial implications, 3) environmental performance, 4) customer service levels. The case study confirmed the feasibility of the evaluation system and approach. The paper provides theoretical and practical reference for the green supply chain performance evaluation of manufacturing enterprise in 3D printing Times.


In shear wall construction formwork, the traditional way of construction quality of yin yang angle is not ideal, so we made improvement of the construction technology, angles of the concave and the convex using bamboo plywood, the formwork edge using wood, outside steel pipe outside by welding connection.


Planning and medical studies have independently evaluated the effects of land use on travel behavior. Focusing on actual land use, planning studies have measured the impacts of land use. This study analyzes the effects of two land use factors—objective and perceived land use. It develops a structural equation model in which the land use factors have multiple relationships with travel behavior, and then modifies the model to consider different travel behaviors reflecting varying travel purposes: commuting, shopping, and leisure. The three purpose-specific models are tested in Seoul, Korea, using recent geographic information system and travel survey data. The results indicate that the strongest variable is the same as reported in planning, but at the factor level, the relative strengths of the factors differ according to travel purposes. The findings are explained by qualitative aspects of land use that affect shopping and leisure travel, including perceived land use.


The activity of peroxidase and lipid peroxidation in germinating seeds of winter wheat after UV-irradiation The article considers the regularities of peroxidase activity in the processes of swelling and germination of wheat seeds and the indexes of lipid peroxidase in wheat germs irradiated by UV-source of mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 (with irradiation of 30 W/m 2 ) at a distance of 25 cm from the seeds. This ferment participates in the synthesis of auxin and ethylene, in nitrogen metabolism, growth and respiratory processes of the seeds. Due to vast substrate specificity the ferment' activity is able to appear similarly to the properties of oxidase. Therefore the activity of peroxidase increases with the seed respiratory process during the germination stage. To evaluate the activity of peroxidase in the seeds of the wheat variety 'Rostovchanka 5' in dependence on the time of swelling at 5°С(1) and at 23°С(2), we carried out soaking of the seeds preliminary irradiated by UV-source of mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 in distilled water. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in various organs can serve as a criterion for assessing the nonspecific adaptive capabilities of the organism. The use of ultraviolet light sources (mercury-quartz lamps) for irradiation, as inductors of planting qualities and biochemical properties of seeds, increases their level of LPO and the content of antioxidants. The conducted trials showed that the decrease of peroxidase activity was accompanied with the increase of LPO level. The selected irradiation regimes during 5 and 60 minutes allowed establishing that it was the long irradiation of seeds by UV-source of mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 during 60 minutes that increased seed germination on 12-15%.


Vocational school campus culture is a unique form of group culture,the use of literature,expert interview and empirical analysis of scientific research methods such as analysis of the vocational school,campus sports culture characteristics,reveals the vocational school campus sports culture builds the problem of existence,put forward the vocational school campus sports culture construction in new ways.


We thank the authors for their update on botulinum toxin (BT) versus nitrates as treatment for fissure in ano. However, in the discussion they only mention the effect of BT on acetylcholine release and therefore question its precise effect on the internal anal sphincter (IAS). The resting tone of the IAS is a combination of intrinsic myogenic activity and extrinsic adrenergic innervation via noradrenaline causing contraction of smooth muscle 1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Grain boundaries and grain growth kinetics of two ferrimagnetic oxides, Y2Gd1Fe5O12 and Li0.3Zn0.4Fe2.3O4, modified by a sol–gel particulate coating process were investigated on the basis of their microstructural characteristics. Interestingly, the addition of small amounts of MnO2 and SiO2 using the sol–gel coating process led to different results for the two magnetic materials. In the case of Y2Gd1Fe5O12, the additives had a role as a grain growth inhibitor because Si-rich precipitates were segregated along the grain boundary and exerted a drag force against grain boundary movement. On the other hand, the same additives acted as an accelerator for grain growth by forming a glassy phase at the grain boundaries for Li0.3Zn0.4Fe2.3O4. The results were analyzed quantitatively by calculating activation energies for grain growth and grain boundary mobilities. For example, the calculated grain boundary mobilities, i.e., 5.6×10−15 m3/N s at 1400 °C for Y2Gd1Fe5O12 and 22.3×10−15 m3/N s at 1150 °C for Li0.3Zn0.4...


From the 1940's to the 1990's,in the course of archaeological investigation in the middle and lower reaches of Yingjin River and in the valley of Yingjin river,more than 80 stone fortresses were found there.But in the past time most of the archaeological works were archaeological explores or trying excavations,and all the stone fortresses and stone mass buildings were defined as the relics of Lower Xiajiadian Culture.In 2005,a great scale of excavation was hold by the research centre for China's frontier archaeology of Jilin University in Shangjifangyingzi stone fortress in Chutoulang Town,Chifeng City.The newest achievement in this excavation indicated that the stone mass buildings in the excavated stone fortress were the tombs of Xiajiadian supper layer Culture.We gain an important enlightenment from this archaeological discovery on the research for the age and character of the stone fortress and other related stone buildings.


NOTE: Part of the session "Whose planet? Whose 'boundaries'? A dialogue on the politics of planetary boundaries" The notion of "planetary boundaries" has spurred some interesting and intense debates about the role of global actors, science and institutions in the Anthropocene. One stream of critique has claimed that the concepts invites to top-down interventions, and even a "global government". In this presentation, I challenge this claim, explore the role of Earth stewardship and similar polycentric approaches, and elaborate new global governance challenges posed by the notion of interacting planetary "tipping points" and cross-scale dynamics.


The article examines the significant problems of the initiating and termination of criminal prosecution in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases of economic crimes. The author concludes that it is necessary to correct the criminal procedure legislation in order to exclude the possibility of using criminal prosecution as a means of pressure on businesses and entrepreneurs. New norms of criminal procedure law are formulated to achieve this goal.


A large number of Plastic Surgery procedures are performed using local anesthesia techniques. Local anesthetics (LA) are safe and reliable drugs although it...


A novel approach is introduced to correlating urbanization and rainfall modification. This study represents one of the first published attempts (possibly the first) to identify and quantify rainfall modification by urban areas using satellite-based rainfall measurements. Previous investigations successfully used rain gauge networks and around-based radar to investigate this phenomenon but still encountered difficulties due to limited, specialized measurements and separation of topographic and other influences. Three years of mean monthly rainfall rates derived from the first space-based rainfall radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) Precipitation Radar, are employed. Analysis of data at half-degree latitude resolution enables identification of rainfall patterns around major metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Montgomery, Nashville, San Antonio, Waco, and Dallas during the warm season. Preliminary results reveal an average increase of 5.6% in monthly rainfall rates (relative to a mean upwind CONTROL area) over the metropolis but an average increase of approx. 28%, in monthly rainfall rates within 30-60 kilometers downwind of the metropolis. Some portions of the downwind area exhibit increases as high as 51%. It was also found that maximum rainfall rates found in the downwind impact area exceeded the mean value in the upwind CONTROL area by 48%-116% and were generally found at an average distance of 39 km from the edge of the urban center or 64 km from the center of the city. These results are quite consistent studies of St. Louis (e.g' METROMEX) and Chicago almost two decades ago and more recent studies in the Atlanta and Mexico City areas.


Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful vasodilator that serves important functions in the kidney such as regulation of renal hemodynamics, pressure natriuresis, and diuresis. Significant reduction in NO production has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our recent studies revealed that Angiotensin II (Ang II), in addition to causing a release of calcium, stimulates NO production in the glomerular podocytes. This signaling pathway can be also triggered by extracellular application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and is significantly reduced with the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension and kidney injury in Dahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rats (Palygin et al., Nitric Oxide, 2018). Recently, using a knock out of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in SS rats (SSNox4−/−), one of the primary source of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and specifically H2O2 we described the reduction in intracellular calcium activation in podocytes as well as H2O2 production in isolated glomeruli in response to Ang II (Ilatovskaya et al., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018). Overall, SSNox4−/− rats displayed a protective phenotype with a significant reduction of albuminuria, glomeruli injury and reduction in the elevation of blood pressure under high salt challenge (Cowley et al., Hypertension, 2016). Here we used this model to characterize the effects of alterations in the balance in the relationship between ROS and NO production in podocytes and establish the relation between Nox4 and glomerular/podocyte volume dynamics. The in vivo concentration of H2O2, measured by biosensors amperometry as catalase sensitive current, was significantly reduced in both cortex and medullar parts of the SSNox4−/− rat kidney compared to wild type SS rats, indicating a direct association between Nox4 and the production of renal ROS. We found that acute application of Ang II promoted opposite changes in glomeruli and podocyte volumes, where glomeruli volume decreased, and podocyte volume increased approximately by 18% in SS rats. Overall, SSNox4−/− rats exhibited an increase in total NO production (by 16% to compare with SS), calculated using confocal microscopy as a total integral of NO fluorescent transient (DAF‐FM dye) in the population of podocytes within a freshly isolated glomerulus. In SSNox4−/− rats the elevation in NO together with declining in H2O2 levels directly correlated with an increase of podocyte volume in response to Ang II (13% vs. SS control). We anticipate a rapid podocyte volume change dependent on intracellular NO production and reflecting the ability of these cells to dynamically regulate the permeability of glomeruli filtration barrier. Thus far, we can conclude that in the absence of Nox4 the podocytes shift the ROS production in response to Ang II towards the increase of intracellular NO bioavailability and a decrease of renal H2O2 production. This mechanism may play a key role in the protection of glomeruli form oxidative stress and elevation of blood pressure during the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension.


Although the high percentage of the uninsured is an important public policy issue, discrepancies in both state and national estimates of the numbers of uninsured are reported. There is a critical need to address the methodological problem of the estimation. This study compares four advanced estimation methods for uninsurance by using Florida Health Insurance Survey data as an example. The four predictive models are decision tree, neural network, general logistic regression and two-stage logistic regression. The two-stage logistic regression model is found to be the best model for imputing missing data on health insurance. Risk factors to uninsurance are identified. Corresponding policy implications are discussed.


The relative decline of agriculture in growing economies is a central feature of economic development and a major influence on agricultural policies. The literature on the causes of this decline has focused on the relative price effects arising from demand factors, especially Engel's law, rather than on supply-side influences, such as changes in relative factor endowments and differential rates of technical change. This article develops a simple structural model of the transformation of the Indonesian economy, applying an error correction mechanism to capture the dynamics resulting from disequilibria and the costs of adjustment. The decline in agriculture's share of gross domestic product is found to be caused much less by the relative price effects typically emphasized in the literature than by capital accumulation and rapid technical change in agriculture.


The factors determining the optimal wind turbine type for a site-specific wind farm are 50-year extreme wind speed, mean wind speed and turbulence intensity. Wind climate is highly dependent on the terrain; the process of micrositing should not exclusively focus on the energy yield, but should also aim for the availability and safety of the wind turbine. The validation of micrositing is to double check to make sure that the 50-year extreme wind speed, mean wind speed, incline angle and turbulence intensity meet the wind turbines design requirements in the standards. On the basis of the analysis of micrositing validation process, the present paper focuses on the turbulence intensity as an evaluation index for micrositing validation, and takes a wind project as a case study to illustrate its circuit.


Ontology technology is the foundation of the semantic Web, and provides support for the definition of domain ontology to the clothing e-commerce direct knowledge base, so as to realize the electronic commerce platform based on domain knowledge. In this paper, the design of the clothing network marketing e-commerce platform is an integrated product sales, product management, marketing and sales information entrance, marketing, customer relationship management and other functional modules operating platform. The paper presents application of ontology technology in building knowledge base of e-commerce system in direct selling clothing network. Experimental results show that the proposed application technology has high efficiency.


This study analysed the coordination and collaboration of teaching and learning support programmes in the Department of Education District offices. Support for teaching and learning is a universal practise and education local (district) offices including in South Africa, are tasked to support schools with the view of enhancing learner outcomes. However, there is no significant improvement on the quality of learner educational outcomes in the Eastern Cape. Five district officials (office and school based) were purposively selected in two Education Districts. These were Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) Coordinators, Subject Advisors and Education Development Officers (EDOs) and School Management Team members and Principals. Qualitative research approach in which interviews and documentary analysis were used to collect data, served as a guide to this study. From the findings it emerged that district office based officials do not coordinate their teaching and learning support programmes. The data also revealed that EDOs' Subject Advisors' and IQMS Coordinators' teaching and learning support programmes do not inform each other and in some instances these district officials send different signals to schools. This meant that different district offices apply different approaches when it comes to supporting teaching and learning in schools. The researcher recommends therefore that a coherent framework be developed where district officials coordinate jointly and centrally teaching and learning support programmes at district office level so as to avoid mixed messages sent to schools. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1083


KL-6 is a high molecular weight mucin bearing sialylated oligosaccharide and was used mainly to reflect the severity of interstitial diseases.Recent studies have shown that KL-6 is correlated with tumor genesis and metastasis, poor prognosis,and it could be used in early diagnosis,clinical and prognostic evaluation of digestive tract carcinomas. This article reviewed the molecular structure,cellular localization of KL-6,as well as its relationship with digestive tract carcinomas.


Cauchy problem for one dimensional nonisentropic gas dynamics systems was considered,and a sufficient condition which solution to Cauchy problem forms singularities was given and the sharp estimate of life span was shown also.


Core recovery ranged from 7.5 to 18 percent. High quality of the geophysical logs made correlation possible throughout the island. Composite stratigraphic columns are illustrated in figure 2, and more detailed subdivision of the Permian in figure 3. Stages are recognized in all systems, and substages in the Devonian and Carboniferous. Uncertainties in the Upper Permian are due more to how the section should be subdivided, than to lack of fossils.


Relation classification tends to struggle when training data are limited or when it needs to adapt to unseen categories. In such challenging scenarios, recent approaches employ the metric-learning framework to measure similarities between query and support examples and to determine relation labels of the query sentences based on the similarities. However, these approaches treat each support class independently from one another, never looking at the entire task as a whole. Because of this, they are constrained to using a shared set of features for all meta-tasks, which hinders the ability to compose discriminative features for the task at hand. For example, if two similar relation types occur in a meta-task, the model needs to construct more detailed, task-related features instead of common features shared by all tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel task-aware relation classification model to tackle this issue. We first build a task embedding component to capture task-specific information, after which two mechanisms, such as task-specific gate and gated feature combination methods, are proposed to utilize the task-specific information to guide feature composition dynamically for each meta-task. Experiment results show that our model improves performance considerably over high performing baseline systems on both FewRel 1.0 and FewRel 2.0 benchmarks. Moreover, our proposed methods can be incorporated into metric-learning-based methods and significantly improve their performance.


Abstract We investigate a class of algebras that provides multiparameter versions of both quantum symplectic space and quantum Euclidean 2n-space. These algebras encompass the graded quantized Weyl algebras, the quantized Heisenberg space, and a class of algebras introduced by Oh. We describe the structure of the prime and primitive ideals of these algebras. Other structural results include normal separation and catenarity.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to assess the role of multidetector CT and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions in noninvasive studies of Egyptian mummies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We studied 13 mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Torino, Italy, dating from Dynasty III to Dynasty IV (2650-2450 B.C.) and from the Ptolemaic period (332-30 B.C.) to the Roman period (30 B.C.-A.D. 395), using a multidetector CT unit with a single volumetric acquisition of the whole body, including lower extremities, followed by 3D reconstruction. All mummies were completely wrapped; preservation conditions of external wrappings were good in all.

RESULTS
The general setting, embalming techniques, sex and age assessment (from body and skeletal features), anthropometric measurements (cranial measurements and evaluation of stature), conditions of the skeleton and soft tissue, any abnormalities, and the presence of foreign objects were evaluated in each mummy, and a detailed report was drawn up. Virtual unwrapping permitted the identification of physiognomy of the whole dehydrated body placed beneath the wrappings; 3D reconstruction and virtual fly-through navigation allowed further evaluations of the internal parts of the body.

CONCLUSION
The results obtained with this protocol provided important anthropologic and paleopathologic information that would have been impossible to obtain by other noninvasive techniques. Moreover, this method has great potential for studies of conservation, anthropology, and paleopathology of other Egyptian and ancient human remains. Multidisciplinary cooperation among anthropologists, paleopathologists, Egyptologists, and radiologists is essential.


Entertainment industry growing very fast, as an essential pillar, actors become more and more influential. An effective influence model will help investors a lot. In this paper, we propose SPIA influence model, considering actors' both social influence and professional influence. In this way we can choose the most influential actors with no obvious shortcomings. We take Sina Weibo, the largest micro-blogging platform in China, and Douban Movie, the most popular movie community in China, two platforms as background data. We form a graph with their information to combine social and professional influence together, which is the fundamental of SPIA influence model. We try to check the efficiency of SPIA influence model by using of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient with Forbes celebrity list. After a series of experiments, we think SPIA influence can merge actors' social influence and professional influence well, and help to choose the most influential actors.


Soluble salts causes decay of historic Portuguese tiles. Treatment options for removal of the salts are few. The present paper deals with development of a method for electrokinetic desalination, where an electric DC field is applied. Experiments are conducted with XVIII century tiles with and without mortar from the tile bed. The focus is on removal of salts over interphases between glaze/biscuit and biscuit/mortar. As received, the tiles had NaCl crystals under loosened glaze, whereas after treatment no salt crystals were found (by SEM-EDX). Desalination of the mortar occurred before biscuit desalination as little chloride and nitrate was removed from the latter, whereas the concentrations were significantly reduced in the mortar. This might be linked to the interface between biscuit and mortar, where poor contact and cracks with air could be the reason (the mortar was very loose), hindering the current in passing. This is a point for further investigation.


Kazakhstan oil and gas companies recover approximately 2000 to 3000 tonne/d of elemental sulfur from product streams. In Europe and the U.S., recovered elemental sulfur normally is sold into the chemical and manufacturing markets as a raw material for phosphate fertilizer, sulfuric add, detergents, and other chemicals; metal and fiber industries; paint manufacture; rubber products; paper; and pharmaceuticals. Byproduct elemental sulfur also can be used as a binder replacement in petroleum asphalt and Portland concrete, yielding sulfur-modified asphalt and concrete that meets or exceeds American Soc. for Testing and Materials and/or American Concrete Inst. standards.


Law's interdisciplinary turn toward social sciences suggests a growing realization that jurists may not be independently equipped to explain the world in and upon which they act. But if law embraces empirical social science for its usable output, it struggles to make sense of the more interpretive disciplines such as anthropology. This has proven to be a major setback for both law and anthropology and confounds the historically productive rapport between the two fields stretching back more than a century. While it may be tempting to conclude that today's legal academic misunderstands the interpretive turn in anthropology, that conclusion offers little to facilitate a rapport of the kind badly needed today. Instead, in this piece I wish to argue that legal scholars' difficulty with anthropology arises not from its interpretivism generally, but from its particular approach that equates law with culture for what appears to be methodological expediency. As I explain below, the equation that treats law as culture permits the anthropologist to study law at a wide variety of "locations" or "field sites" while sacrificing a distinction that is — even if socially fabricated — of great significance to the people for and against whom it operates.


In this paper, active frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with squared aperture with loading are described. Active FSS elements using switched PIN diodes are discussed. The unit cell consists of a square aperture element with a metal island loading and one PIN diode placed at the upper gap considering the vertical polarization. The electromagnetic properties of the active FSS structure are changed by applying a dc bias to the substrate, and estimated by the equivalent circuit model of FSS structure and PIN diode. This active FSS design enables transmission to be switched on or off at 2.3 GHz, providing high transmission when the diodes are in off state and high isolation when the diodes are on. Equivalent circuit in the structure is investigated by analyzing transmission and reflection spectra. Measurements on active FSS are compared with numerical calculation based on the scattering matrix formalism. The origin of experimentally observed frequency responses will be scrutinized.


Social networks and online news services are used by users to communicate and share messages. One such social network is Twitter. Earlier its messages were restricted to 140 characters, but from November 7, 2017 its limit was extended to 280 characters except Japanese, Korean and Chinese languages. Because of restricted characters used, it is famously called micro blogging. Mining twitter data has become popular, because it provides useful information which is being used in various fields. This paper highlights various clustering techniques that can be used in twitter data mining with advantages and limitation.


The phenomenon of polarization photosensitivity of CuInSe2/CdS thin film heterojunctions due to anisotropic transmission of linear polarized radiation (LPR) through the air-CdS polycrystalline film interface was detected. The parameters of polarization photosensitivity are shown as functions of the angle of oblique incidence θ and the incident photon energy LPR. The induced photopleochroism coefficient P increased with increasing angle in accordance with the law P=θ2, and at θ≃80° it reached 64%. As follows from polarization measurements photosensitivity, CuInSe2/CdS thin films heterostructures can be used as broadband LPR photoanalysers.


Vertical gonad protector can be used in X-ray examinations and treatments with the patient in upright or sitting positions.The protector can prevent the gonad from X-ray damage and solve the problems underlying the lead-rubber suit and skirt such as heaviness, limited shielding effect, inconvenience and cross infection.The product had obtained the Chinese patent and entered the market.


A terpanning aptics is the optical system which makes focus laser beam rotate and incline to the material processing surface. The trepanning optics is...


The main function of the operator-based signal separation approach is to construct an operator from a signal and use it to decompose the signal into two subcomponents. The procedure involves two steps: estimating the operator, and decomposing the signal into two subcomponents. Existing approaches estimate the operator's parameters from the local extrema of a signal. In contrast, we show that the parameters can be estimated by adopting a variational approach. Because the proposed approach imposes a global constraint on the operator's parameter, the estimated parameters are more robust than those derived from the local extrema of the signal. We also compare the signal separation results with those obtained by using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method.


ABSTRACT Muthia Eka Sari, NPM. 13.11.1001.1011.039, "Implementation of Rights and Obligations of State Civil Apparatus in High Religious Court of Samarinda Based on Law Number 5 Year 2014" guided by Mrs. Kunti Widayati, S.H., M.Hum and Mrs. Isnawati, S.H., M.H. This research was conducted to find and search data in an effort to answer the proposed legal problem where in the data, the author uses normative method from various literature sources such as library materials and research directly to the high court office of Samarinda religion and data is analyzed by using descriptive analysis, Which is very clear about the implementation of the rights and obligations of the State Civil Apparatus in the High Court of Religious Samarinda based on Law No. 5 of 2014 on State Civil Apparatus. The result of the research shows that based on Law Number 5 Year 2014, all employees of State Civil Apparatus must be obedient and obedient to the intended provisions. Rights and Obligations of Civil State Apparatus of the same validity to all employees in accordance with Article 21 of Law Number 5 Year 2014 is still there that has not been implemented or violated by the employees because it needs supervision and coaching by their respective leaders, With the number of Apparatus Civil State within the High Court of Samarinda Religion in 2017 as many as 274 employees where from 2014 until 2016 there are 2 employees who got disciplinary conditions with mandate promotion and cut performance allowances in accordance with Government Regulation no. 53 of 2010 on the Discipline of Civil Servants and Supreme Court Law Number 14 Year 1985. Keywords: Law Number 5 Year 2014 in High Court of Samarinda Religion


Key to Florida's tourism was the commodification of the state's natural resources, tangible and otherwise. Florida developed a specific image of itself: tropical, exotic, safe, and natural. But reality did not always cooperate. In order to present the expected natural landscape for its visitors, the Civilian Conservation Corps created state parks that fit the popular image of what Florida was supposed to look like. It began to remove native fauna and flora, alter water flow, introduce exotic species, and artificially landscape areas that were then presented as natural. We will also look at similar processes in other areas of Florida. Although advertisements, publications, and other forms of popular culture celebrated Florida's Eden-like qualities, many in the state still believed that paradise needed improving.


This report documents the findings from a small study on the availability of academic grey literature to SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises) in the UK. SMEs do require access to grey literature of various types and would welcome the chance to use reports, survey results, theses and datasets that universities could provide. The problem is discoverability. SMEs turn to trade or professional bodies for this sort of information as a rule, or search the Web, and do not think of the higher education community as a possible source. The visibility of university-produced grey literature is very poor. Universities must make clear what they have on offer and manage the dissemination of it better if it is to be of help to the SME community. The Web provides the tools for this task. The other main finding is that some SMEs – and not just research-based ones – do need to use the published journal literature on occasions. They find this difficult because of subscription barriers and because only limited access is available through their local university (if at all).


Abstract. A numerical simulation model for investigating modulation instability in a Raman-assisted fiber-optics system is presented and used. The modulation instability (MI) spectrum and its threshold are numerically analyzed based on this theoretical model. The different MI behaviors between forward and backward Raman pumping are studied in detail, respectively. The MI threshold in the case of forward Raman pumping is lower than that in the case of backward Raman pumping. Experiments are conducted based on the theoretical analysis, and the results agree well with the numerical calculations.


The recent transnational reach of Japanese television dramas in East and Southeast Asia is unprecedented, and not simply in terms of the range and scale of diffusion, but also of the intense sympathy many young Asians feel toward the characters in Japanese dramas, so that they cope with their own modern lives by emulating the lives on screen.


The invention relates to a simple cordyceps militaris strain rejuvenation method. The method comprises the following steps: hardening fresh, alive, complete and healthy silkworm chrysalis; cutting the back and abdomen of the hardened silkworm chrysalis to obtain 2-3 cuts respectively; laying the hardened silkworm chrysalis in an auxiliary culture medium in a mode that the back of the silkworm chrysalis is upward, and sterilizing at 121 DEG C for 20 min; inoculating a liquid strain, and performing mycelium culture and fruiting body culture; and then, performing tissue separation on the fruiting body growing from the cuts on the back of the inoculated silkworm chrysalis. In the invention, the silkworm chrysalis subject to high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization is adopted, and the strain rejuvenation is performed after properly increasing nutrient components and moisture; and compared with the traditional rejuvenation method adopting alive silkworm chrysalis injection, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of low pollution rate, high success rate, simple operation, high biological transformation rate of silkworm chrysalis, and the like.


German nation. Shocked by the anti-Semitism at the end of the war, however, the Jüdischer Frauenbund turned inward, concerning itself with Jewish matters, in particular gender equality in Jewish communal elections. Steer's study thus nicely augments the scholarly consensus about Jews in Weimar Germany. Geschlecht, Religion und Engagement performs a useful scholarly service, informing its readers of the signifi cant role of Jews in the Austrian (and German) women's movements. More analysis of the situation of Jewish women in general is now in order.


Tantalum carbide contacts with and without Au, Pt, and W/WC overlayers on n-type 6H–SiC (0001) were ohmic after annealing at temperatures between 800 and 1075 °C. Specific contact resistivities (SCRs) were calculated from current–voltage measurements of transmission line model patterns at temperatures ranging from 20 to 400 °C in air. The minimum SCRs at room temperature on SiC (2.3×1019 cm−3) for TaC and for TaC with Pt and Au overlayers were 2.1×10−5, 7.4×10−6, and 1.4×10−6 Ω cm2, respectively. The SCRs for both the Au/TaC/SiC (5.3×10−7Ω cm2) and the Pt/TaC/SiC (7.5×10−7 Ω cm2) samples decreased with measurement temperature to 200 and 400 °C, respectively, while the latter samples showed reversibility after heating to 400 °C. W/WC/TaC/SiC samples showed the best stability after annealing at 400 °C for 144 h in vacuum. Changes in the electrical characteristics were correlated with increases in O incorporation in the contacts as a result of annealing. Investigation of the TaC/SiC interface by transmission...


Aggression, which is defined as a behavior causing harm or pain, is a behavioral pattern typically expected in children and adolescents who are involved in criminal activities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between aggression and self‐injurious behavior (SIB) in children and adolescents. The study was performed in 295 cases which were sent for medicolegal examination. The mean age of the subjects was 14.27 ± 1.05 years (age range 10–18 years). The aggression levels of the subjects were determined using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), which is an updated form of the Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory. The mean total AQ score of the subjects with and without SIB was 78.04 ± 21.0 and 62.75 ± 18.05, respectively (p < 0.01). There were significant statistical differences between the two groups with respect to their subscale scores (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the levels of aggression increased in children and adolescents who were involved in criminal activities when the SIBs increased.


This paper is intended to describe the most significant features of restaurant facilities industry and its territorial organization in Kyiv region. Restaurant facilities can bee seen as a part of economics that develops rapidly during last decades, ensuring economic growth and providing workplaces. It is also a crucial part of the tourist infrastructure, public space and an interesting cultural phenomenon which broadens knowledge about food traditions around the world. Kyiv region is such a part of Ukraine where processes of the restaurant facilities development could be observed multilaterally through all types of restaurant enterprises – cafes, bars, catering, restaurants, street food points, delivery etc. In the paper, the significance of restaurant facilities in the economy has been outlined. The analysis of statistic data and personal observations has been conducted to examin the condition of territorial organization of restaurant facilities of Kyiv city and adjoying territories. Correlation analysis of restaurant industry interconnections and cluster analysis for determination of regional differences has been implemented. Presented research leads to the condition of restaurants facilities industry from the perspective of the Human Geography and demonstrates the latest trends in its development. In addition, problems and ways of improving the restaurant industry in Kiev has been identified and finally some recommendations about proceeding research has been proposed.


Traditional approach to stray light characterization is intrinsically limited. While the stray light level in an optical instrument can be measured, it is not possible to derive from experimental measurements the origin of the different features. Consequently, when unexpectedly high stray light is present, it is extremely difficult to find how to improve the system. In this paper, we introduce a new method where a pulsed laser and an ultra-fast sensor is used. As different stray light contributors have different optical path lengths, they reach the detector at different times and resolving them temporally allows to measure them separately. Their origin can be retrieved by using the optical path length as a mean of identification. We present the conceptual study and the experimental proof of concept of this new method. We were able to characterize individually the different stray light components in an imaging system and determine their origin. We show how the measurements allow to reverse engineer the instrument properties and even verify sub-system requirements.


Abstract Background: Shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty is a bone-conserving procedure used in the treatment of multiple painful shoulder conditions. Previous studies have reported mixed results with some indicating that rotator cuff arthropathy leads to inferior clinical outcomes when compared to other preoperative diagnoses. We compared the medium- to long-term subjective and functional outcomes of resurfacing hemiarthroplasty performed for rotator cuff arthropathy versus other indications. Methods: Patients who underwent shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty, with minimum two-year follow-up, were included for review. The primary outcome measure was the final postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, while secondary measures included final postoperative active forward elevation, revision arthroplasty, as well as the change in pre- and postoperative outcome scores and forward elevation. Results: Eighty-four shoulders in 77 patients were reviewed, including 39 shoulders with preoperative rotator cuff arthropathy. Mean follow-up time was 76.82 months (range 24 to 147 months). Improvements in subjective outcome scores and visual analog pain scores were observed with all preoperative diagnoses following surgery. There was no significant difference in final postoperative subjective scores when comparing patients with rotator cuff arthropathy and those with an intact rotator cuff (66.0 ± 22.8 vs. 74.2 ± 20.3, p = 0.09). Final postoperative active forward elevation was significantly worse in the rotator cuff arthropathy group compared to other diagnoses (119.1˚± 41.8˚ vs 136.9˚ ± 34.6˚, p = 0.040). Patients with rotator cuff arthropathy lost an average of 26.9˚ of forward elevation while those with an intact rotator cuff gained an average of 8.7˚ postoperatively (p = 0.001). Six shoulders from the rotator cuff arthropathy group were revised to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty compared to two from all other groups (15.4% vs 4.4%, p = 0.183). Conclusion: Shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty is effective in relieving pain and improving subjective outcome scores across all diagnoses but does not reliably restore or maintain function in rotator cuff deficient patients. In fact, patients with rotator cuff arthropathy lost a significant amount of range of motion after resurfacing hemiarthroplasty. While patients predictably improve in terms of pain scores and subjective outcome scores, caution should be exercised in performing this procedure in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy, even those with preserved preoperative overhead active range of motion, due to potential loss of active range of motion after surgery. Level of evidence: Level III; Retrospective Comparative Study


The fungus of ergot is known to attack all grains and grasses in almost every part of the globe. The most susceptible grain is rye, although rice, barley, millet, corn, sorghum, wheat, buckwheat and particularly durum wheat are also susceptible. The severe epidemics of ergotism in man have practically ceased since the end of the last century when the rye was not properly cleansed and the ergot contamination was anywhere from 5 to 50 per cent. There have, however, been outbreaks of a milder nature since. The one in Manchester, England, in 1927, is of particular interest because the rye is known to have contained 1 per cent ergot-a quantity that proved definitely toxic (4). In this country, according to Atanasoff (5), &dquo;Grains, especially rye, in some seasons and in some fields, are infected so heavily that every head may have one


Background In addition to ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered a suitable, non-invasive technique to assess the type and extent of vascular malformations. The distinction between low- and high-flow lesions is crucial because it determines appropriate patient treatment. Purpose To distinguish high-flow from low-flow lesions on the basis of the enhancement pattern on MIP images acquired from dynamic time-resolved MR angiography (MRA) and compare it with previously described MR-based methods. Material and Methods We examined 25 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed vascular malformations. Next, each malformation was classified as "high-flow" or "low-flow" using the following criteria: (i) findings on T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging (signal voids, signal intensity); (ii) the time interval between the start of arterial enhancement and the onset of lesion enhancement (artery–lesion time); (iii) the time of maximum lesion enhancement; and (iv) analysis of the slope of the enhancement curve. Results Of the 25 patients, seven had high-flow and 18 had low-flow malformations. Signal voids on spin-echo T1W images were observed only in four of seven high-flow malformations and in two of 18 low-flow malformations. Analysis of signal intensity on T2W images showed increased signal intensity in 17 of 18 low-flow malformations, and in two of seven high-flow lesions. Calculation of the artery–lesion time, maximum enhancement time, and slope revealed significant differences between the high- and low-flow groups. Conclusion In conclusion, the slope of the enhancement curve appears to be useful in distinguishing between high- and low-flow vascular malformations. Standardization of MR image evaluation criteria is essential.


Assuming the existence of iO for P/poly and one-way functions, we show how to succinctly garble bounded-space computations (BSC) M : the size of the garbled program (as well as the time needed to generate the garbling) only depends on the size and space (including the input and output) complexity of M , but not its running time. The key conceptual insight behind this construction is a method for using iO to "compress" a computation that can be performed piecemeal, without revealing anything about it. As corollaries of our succinct garbling scheme, we demonstrate the following: • functional encryption for BSC from iO for P/poly and one-way functions; • reusable succinct garbling schemes for BSC from iO for P/poly and one-way functions; • succinct iO for BSC from sub-exponentially-secure iO for P/poly and sub-exponentially secure one-way functions; • (Perfect NIZK) SNARGS for bounded space and witness NP from sub-exponentially-secure iO for P/poly and sub-exponentially-secure one-way functions. Previously such primitives were only know to exists based on "knowledge-based" assumptions (such as SNARKs and/or differing-input obfuscation). We finally demonstrate the first (non-succinct) iO for RAM programs with bounded input and output lengths, that has poly-logarithmic overhead, based on the existence of subexponentially-secure iO for P/poly and sub-exponentially-secure one-way functions. ∗University of California at Santa Barbara, Email: email@example.com. †Cornell University, Email: email@example.com.


A method has been previously described for using a sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol to measure penetration through respirator filters. The detector used at that time was not sensitive enough to determine the penetration of high-efficiency filters designed for protection against highly toxic particulates and radionuclides. In the present method, an ultrasonic nebulizer is still used to produce a NaCl mist. The NaCl concentration has been reduced to 10 μg/liter, and the particle size has been decreased to 0.53 μm, mass median diameter. Respirator filters were exposed to this aerosol at airflows of 16 and 42.5 liters/min. The flame photometric detector in this study could determine filter penetration in the range of 0.0005 to 51.6%. This is suitable for measuring the penetration of high-efficiency filters.


This study aimed to investigate the implementation of learning assessment of Curriculum 2013 during the Covid-19 pandemic in 263 Rancaloa Elementary School. This was a qualitative research with a case study. The subjects of the research were three teachers of grade, two upper grade teacher and a lower grade teacher of 263 Rancaloa Elementary Schools. The main instrument was the human instrument. While supporting instruments used interview guid, tape recorder, and observation sheet. The data were analysed using interactive analysis Miles Huberman (data collection, reduction, display, and verification/conclude). The results indicate that (1) the implementation of learning assessment of Curriculum 2013 during the Covid-19 pandemic has not met standards. However, of the three teachers who became the subject of study, two teacher managed to carry outmet standards that was VA1 and VA2, (2) the problems of learning assessment of Curriculum 2013 during the Covid-19 pandemic include; facilities and infrastructure, teachers and parents understanding, teachers' productivity, unpreparedness teachers and parents, (3) the teachers strategy in addressing the problem is the teacher collective and individual strategy.


Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy were used to examine 14 blue inks obtained from commercially available stationery. Standard colouring agents in the inks: β-phase of phtalocyanine blue PB15 and some homologues of the methyl violet class, were identified. Surface enhanced Raman spectra were recorded on a firm heterostructure of silver/nanocrystalline diamond/silicon constituting an active substrate providing the possibility to write directly on the surface. Based on the differences in traditional and surface enhanced Raman spectra, two inks were identified unambiguously, the remaining inks were categorised into three groups exhibiting common spectral features. Despite their similarity, surface enhanced Raman spectra exhibited soft variations enabling discrimination of the inks, thus proving the usefulness of the method.


The bitter taste is one of the most important drug formulation problems. The unpleasant taste leads to noncompliance, which consequently decreases the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Therefore, masking of bitter taste is very important in drug formulation. In this study an antihypertensive drug, valsartan, which is a weak acid with bitter taste, was used as a model drug to mask its taste with dowex2 (weak base anion exchange resin). The taste masking of a drug using ion exchange resin basically depends on the complex formation between the drug and a specific type of resin. Complex formation under various preparation conditions including; the ratio of drug to resin, mixing time, the pH of the processing medium and the concentration of valsartan was investigated in this study. Optimum conditions for complex formation and maximum drug load were obtained at a drug-resin ratio 1:8, mixing time 4 hours, pH 6.8, temperature 50º C and drug concentration 0.02% w/v. The drug resin ate complex was evaluated for the drug content, taste, drug release and molecular properties. The resinate formation was confirmed using different analytical techniques like thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectroscopic method like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD).


This review deals with vegetative regulation of cardiovascular system in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and signs of chronic renal insuffi ciency. CHF is currently regarded as a disturbance of neurohumoral mechanisms controlling blood circulation. At the same time, both prognosis and outcome of CHF depend on the presence of chronic renal insuffi ciency whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. The authors emphasize the importance of elucidation of common pathogenetic mechanisms of these mutually complicating conditions. Key words: vegetative nervous system; chronic heart failure; chronic renal insuffi ciency; variability of cardiac sinus rhythm.


Abstract : The present research is a continuation into the investigation of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the selective process that controls sensory input to the central nervous system. This experiment was conducted to examine whether visual evoked potentials recorded from the lateral geniculate and visual cortex are suppressed in amplitude during attention to audiotry stimulation. The results show that increased auditory attention had no significant arousal effects or changes in the amplitudes of the evoked responses recorded along the visual pathway.


Complicated with Possible Abstract Ralstonia pickettii , a non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus, is one of the opportunistic pathogens derived from environment and thus a rare cause of infective endocarditis. Accordingly, patients who were immunocompromised or had recent medical intervention prior to fever/chills should be carefully attended and assessed. Besides, concurrent septic emboli to multiple noncardiac organs may occur in infective endocarditis, including central nervous system, extremities, spleen, lung, kidney, bone and joint structures, liver, coronary vessels and others. Therefore, advanced imaging studies should be considered for diagnostic survey when septic emboli were suspected. Treatment for septic emboli in kidney is usually supportive. Here, we reported a rare case of Ralstonia pickettii -infected endocarditis complicated with septic emboli in the kidney.


The state possesses the relatively autonomous power to give concessions to the lower classes, the poor. But the extent to which the poor will actually benefit from the policies designed to help them is influenced by three factors. First, it depends on the level of the material support for the policy through which the concessions are sought to be given. This level of material support is, in turn, influenced by the state's financial dependence on the private economy and by competing demands from different classes and groups on the state's resources. Second, the extent to which the poor will benefit from the antipoverty intervention also depends on the balance of power between state actors and the poor 'on the ground', that is, at the local scale of state – society interaction where the policies are implemented. There are two aspects to this balance of power. On the one hand, state actors have some relative autonomy which they use to bend the rules of the state, often in alliance with 'dominant' actors in the civil society, in order to pocket a part of the legitimate share belonging to the poor (bribes). On the other hand, these actions of state actors are also subject to the struggle of the poor. Finally, the economic structure within which both the state and its poor clients work also affects the ways in which the antipoverty policies operate. In this paper I argue that these three factors produce constant interactions between state and society. The state is to be seen as both a process and a relationship. To illustrate this argument, I make use of primary and secondary information on the implementation of a major poverty-alleviation programme in India.


HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic and have a major impact on nutrition, food security, agricultural production and rural societies. The present investigation was carried out at ART centre of Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India. A manual was produced and pretested to impart nutrition education. The baseline information from all registered subjects was collected; dietary intake and nutritional need were assessed. The Nutrition education was imparted to experimental group and was followed every month for the period of six months and after six months dietary intake was assessed for both groups. The study revealed that majority of the subjects was in the age group18-60 years. A 10.92 per cent subjects were graduates. The per capitaincome per month of the subjects was Rs.2125±1512. The female subjects showed no significant difference between energy intakes at baseline and after six months by both groups. But experimental group showed a significant improvement (p 100 per cent of RDA of energy at baseline and after six months, respectively. Whereas, 45.76 and 55.93 per cent subjects achieved 75-100 per cent of RDA of energy at baseline and after six months, respectively. Nutrition education showed to have insignificant difference in energy and protein intake of subjects except in the protein intake of female subjects of experimental group where significant (p<0.05) improvement was found. Effective management of the disease should include compulsory diet counselling, nutritional supplementation and financial assistance along with antiretroviral therapy.


The vulnerability of the victim in the cases concerning children reviewed - coupled with the gross nature of such violations - has led to the elaboration of the concept of "aggravated responsibility" under the State responsibility doctrine for violations against children. This chapter reflects on four aspects of reparation concerning cases of children which were dealt with by the Inter-American Court. The first relates to the particularly serious nature of the responsibility incurred by the State in violations that affect children. The second relates to problems and evolving principles concerning compensation for loss of life in cases of children. The third relates to comments concerning reparation for violations of the children's rights in cases of multiple victims. Finally, it comments on the importance of the measures of public impact that have come about as guarantees of non-repetition and measures of satisfaction in cases concerning children.Keywords: compensation; Inter-American Court; loss of life; reparation; victims; violations of children's rights


This chapter addresses cognitive radio systems (CRSs) in the 5G network and presents the existing, emerging, and potential applications employing CRS capabilities and the related enabling technologies, including the impacts of CRS technology on the use of spectrum from a technical perspective. The description of such technologies, operational elements, and their challenges are also presented. Furthermore, this chapter provides high level characteristics, operational and technical requirements related to CRS technology, their performances, and potential benefits. Finally, factors related to the introduction of CRS technologies and corresponding migration issues are discussed.


The first six months' research effort on the Liquid Droplet Radiator (LDR) focussed on experimental and theoretical studies of radiation by an LDR droplet cloud. Improvements in the diagnostics for the radiation facility have been made which have permitted an accurate experimental test of theoretical predictions of LDR radiation over a wide range of optical depths, using a cloud of Dow silicone oil droplets. In conjunction with these measurements an analysis was made of the evolution of the cylindrical droplet cloud generated by a 2300-hole orifice plate. This analysis indicates that a considerable degree of agglomeration of droplets occurs over the first meter of travel. Theoretical studies have centered on developments of an efficient means of computing the angular scattering distribution from droplets in an LDR droplet cloud, so that a parameter study can be carried out for LDR radiative performance vs fluid optical properties and cloud geometry.


Subtitle: Located midway between Tokyo and Osaka, Nagoya Airport (NGO) is the blank canvas upon which the future of business aviation in Japan can be painted.


The present invention discloses a preamplifier radio frequency coil for a magnetic resonance imaging in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, comprising an input matching circuit, an amplifying circuit and an output matching circuit, and a magnetic resonance signal via the amplification circuit amplifies filtering the narrowband filter. Technical effect: a preamplifier The radio frequency coil for magnetic resonance imaging of the desired magnetic resonance imaging to generate gain within a small range of frequencies near the resonance signal, generating only a very small gain at other frequencies, or do not have any amplification, thereby significantly reducing the likelihood of oscillations in a magnetic resonance imaging radio frequency coil. The present invention further provides a pre-amplifier that can realize the above technical effects of radio frequency coil for magnetic resonance imaging, comprising an input matching circuit, an amplifying circuit, narrowband filtering circuit, two amplifying circuit and an output matching circuit.


A novel log is tic b ina ry m a tr ix facto riza tion (L B M F ) was proposed to pred ic t the students  ̂performance and to classify the exam item s. Besides a new a lgo rith m was designed to tackle the non-convex op tim iza tion prob lem in volved in L B M F . T he experim ents are perform ed on both sim ulated data and real data. T he resu lts indicate th a t L B M F can no t on ly pred ic t the students  ̂academic performance bu t also classify the exam ination item s according to the know ledge poin ts they require. A n d i t can be concluded th a t L B M F outperfo rm s s ign ifica n tly the out-of-date a lgorithm s in the applications.


The purpose of this brief paper is to describe and draw attention to a little known but probably specific sign of perforation of a viscus into the hepato-renal space first noticed by the author two years ago. A search of the literature reveals only one previous mention of it, by Mann, Kirsch, Eisen, and Familaro (1956), who, reviewing a large series of intra-abdominal perforations, found it to be a reliable sign in six of their cases. It is rare, only two instances have been seen in this hospital in the past two years, but it is based upon sound anatomical precepts and appears to be diagnostic of duodenal perforation.


Abstract : One possible solution to the problem of rejecting large quantities of heat from the Hard Rock Silo power plant during post-attack operation is presented. The conceptual design uses heat pipes to transfer excess heat directly to the surrounding rock. The independence of each heat pipe in the heat rejection network is noted, and the use of an excess number of pipes (redundancy principle) is proposed. All conceivable damage mechanisms are investigated and design considerations are analyzed. It is concluded that a heat pipe network can provide a hardened, cost-effective heat sink for use in Hard Rock Silo missile bases. (Author)


Abstract NbSe3, goes throught two phases transition inducing SDW states for T1 = 149 K and T2 = 59 K. These two transitions bring a partial condensation at Fermi level, the low temperature conductivity being always of metallic type. The evaluation of the width of the "gap" cannot be done simply. We employed this word "gap" althought it is incorrect here. Tunneling effect has permitted us to obtain an estimation of this "gap" for P=l bar and P=1 Kbar. We have kept tunneling spectra only for T T > T2, the width of the "gap" and thermal broadening are such that a measure is too imprecise. We have used the lead superconductivity as a test of good tunneling devices.


Background: It has been shown that exosomes, a group of nanovesicles naturally released from living cells, have either beneficial or deleterious effects on cell behavior, depending on the contents encased. We recently showed that Hsp20, as a chaperon protein, could be included in cardiomyocyte exosomes which promoted angiogenesis. Whether such exosomes derived from Hsp20-overexpressing myocytes play any protective role in diabetic animals remains unknown. Methods and Results: Cultured myocytes were infected with Ad-Hsp20 to overexpress Hsp20. Ad-GFP was used as controls. Then supernatants were collected for purification of exosomes by differential centrifugation. While exosomes derived from Hsp20-myocytes (Hsp20-Exo) displayed similar size and molecular markers (CD63 and CD81) to those originated from the control GFP-myocytes (GFP-Exo), the protein contents encased were different. Western-blotting or ELISA assays revealed that Hsp20-Exo contained higher levels of Hsp20, VEGFR2, Survivin, p-Akt, and SOD1 than GFP-Exo. We next tested the effects of such exosomes in vivo using a diabetic mouse model, which was induced by daily peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50μg/g) for 5 days. Three days after the last injection of STZ, blood glucose levels were measured. Mice were considered diabetic (≥15 mmol/L) and used for the study. We then treated such diabetic mice with exosomes via the tail vein injection (5μg/g body weight). One month later, cardiac function was measured by echocardiography, and showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were increased by 33% and 28%, respectively, in Hsp20-Exo-treated mice, compared with GFP-Exo-controls. We also found that Hsp20-Exo led to an increased density of cardiac blood vessels and reduction of myocardial fibrosis to a greater degree than GFP-Exo-samples. Mechanistically, we identified that PKH67-labled exosomes could be detected in mouse hearts at 2 hours after the tail vein injection and confirmed that exosomal Hsp20 was transferred to the in vivo hearts. Conclusions: This study indicates that the exosome contents can be modified by Hsp20 in cardiomyocytes. Injection of Hsp20-reprogrammed exosomes protects diabetic animals against cardiomyopathy.


In preparing the paper, we received helpful suggestions from Joshua Aizenman, Peter Heller and Narendra Jadhav. At the conference, we received useful comments from participants, particularly Anne Krueger. We especially acknowledge the comments of our discussant, Rakesh Mohan. Subsequently, we have received useful suggestions from Gustav Ranis, William McCarten, Urjit Patel and Brian Pinto. We are grateful to the IMF, NIPFP, the Economic Growth Center at Yale, and SCID for financial and logistical support, and to Marcy Kaufman for secretarial assistance. None of these organizations or individuals is responsible for the views expressed here.


(I) Various techniques in agglutination methods using passively sensitized particles were compared for the purpose of determining a suitable test method for detecting small amounts of univalent antibodies toward soluble substances in chicken eggs.1) Univalent anti-egg albumin (-EA) antibody, produced in primary response immune sera of rabbits, proved its serological activity in all three agglutination tests of EA-sensitized particles, i.e., passive hemagglutination, bentonite agglutination and latex agglutination.2) A tube technique using latex particles sensitized using small amounts of egg materials was determined to be the method best suited for this study.3) Appropriate concentrations of EA, egg yolk (EY) and arantoic Fluid proteins (AF) to sensitize latex particles were determined.(II) Sera from influenza vaccine recipients and nonrecipients were tested by latex agglutination using particles sensitized with EA, EY and AF. Results obtained were as follows:1) In all 589 recipients' sera, 107 (18.17%) samples proved to contain one or more kinds of univalent antibodies toward chicken egg materials. Only 3 (1.17%) 237 non-recipients' showed positive reactions to the antibodies.2) Nonspecific latex agglutination occurred in the tests of 36 (6.11%) samples of sera from the recipients. In the remaining 553 samples, 48 (8.86%) proved anti-EA activity, 70 (12.66%) for anti* EY and 51 (9.22%) for anti-AF respectively. Relatively high incidence of anti-EY was estimated partially due to the nonspecific agglutination of EY-sensitized particles.3) Titers obtained by latex agglutination methods were lower than those by passive hemagglutination test. However, it was found that these two test methods showed similar rates of antibody detected sera due to the relatively low incidence of nonspecific latex agglutination.4) Antibodies against egg materials in recipients' and nonrecipients' sera revealed serological reactions by neither ring precipitin test nor two-dimensional immunodiffusion using cellulose acetate membrane.5) No statistical relationship was found between frequencies in production of anti-egg material antibodies and the classification of some blood groups, ABO, MN, P and Rh (D).6) No correlation was found between the presence in sera of anti-egg material antibodies and HI antibody titer toward influenza/Hongkong virus which was an ingredient of the vaccine.


Keogh, B. (2017). Pokémon GO, the novelty of nostalgia, and the ubiquity of the smartphone. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 38–41. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916678025. In the above article, one of the references was not correctly set. The complete reference is as follows: McCrea, C. (2017). Pokémon's progressive revelation: Notes on 20 years of game design. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 42–46. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916678271.


A qualitative analysis of the decision rules used by jurisdictions in Minnesota's Twin Cities metropolitan area is presented. Interviews were conducted with staff at the city, county, metropolitan, and state levels to determine how decisions about road investment, expansion, and new construction are made. Flowcharts were developed to provide a more systematic way of presenting that information. Most jurisdictions do not have extensive public participation processes, although several do, notably, the Metropolitan Council, Hennepin County, Ramsey County, and the City of Minneapolis. Jurisdictions with public participation have the most formal and extensive documentation of their investment decision process. The decision factors vary by jurisdiction, though safety, capacity, and pavement quality were important throughout.


Comparisions between parery publication and elcetionic publication are made in this paper. It is found that both of thom show their own advantages and disadvandages. We think that they will be developed together for a long time .


The methodological principles of scientific research and studies require defining the concepts and terminology on which they are based. As a methodological necessity that will direct the reader towards a specific and clear vision, in light of what the study wants; The term is considered a major factor in the formation and crystallization of knowledge. Rather, it is the main pillar in all scientific fields. It is an expressive tool that performs the process of compressing concepts and reducing them intensively in one word.


We report the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the 57Fe Mossbauer quadrupole splittings ΔEQ and isomer shifts δFe of both the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states of tw...


This research study investigates the potential to apply a quality analysis process for mobile learning (M-learning) software applications in accordance to a defined set of information quality characteristics in attempt to increase the level of quality in the mobile learning systems. This empirical study is conducted on widely accepted and used M-learning application form both close source and open source systems comprising a known reasonable amount of MLOC, medium-scale. Four M-learning applications were selected for conducting this study including Moodle, Blackboard, Edmodo and Schoology. The systems are statically analyzed and examined to determine if it meets the proposed quality characteristics or not. For each system the features and techniques used with respect to the defined characteristics are determined and tabulated. This study focuses mainly on particular information quality characteristics include maintainability, reusability, testability, and security. The data shows that the approach is applicable and effective but needs further formalization and improvement to be effectively implemented. New ideas are additionally proposed for future work to include other dimensions of the M-learning application quality characteristics such as availability, reliability, performance, usability, and functionality. This empirical study is part of funded research project investigating the development, adoption and dissemination of M-learning in Oman.


introduction to the report notes that in spite of adverse conditions no evidence of general impairment of nutrition has been detected in the school population; in point of fact, the percentage of children with " bad " nutrition was the lowest recorded during the past fifteen years. Again, taking the heights and weights of the children as a criterion of their physical condition, the figures for the year were in strict accord with the steady and progressive increase observed for years past. The percentage of chilqren found to be suffering from rickets was the lowest recorded since 1919, and although the number of children treated in the school clinics reached a total which has seldom been exceeded, in many sections of the work there was ample evidence of positive improvement in the health of the children. The report contains information regarding the staff employed, the organization and administration of the system, the sanitary condition of the schools, the co-ordination of the work with (a) that of the divisional medical officers in the matter of infectious disease and contacts therewith, (b) with the hospitals for infectious disease and other hospitals, and (c) with various centralized clinics. Information is also given as to the feeding and clothing of necessitous children, the children admitted to special and holiday schools, etc. Statistics of the results of medical inspection are tabulated, and throughout the report, with only one or two minor exceptions, these results are as good as or better than any since 1919.


In recent years,along with day by day serious of energy shortage and questions of environmental pollution,the solar energy generating electricity as one kind of clean renewable new energy industry,receives various attention by many countries.The new energy industry representativing by solar energy generating electricity regards as the fuelling economic growth new engine after the the financial crisis time.This article has studied solar energy generating electricity principle,and elaborated the important function of solar energy generating electricity industry in the adjusting the economic structure,and the transformating economic growth way in our country.


Objective To evaluate a "sutureless and stapleless" surgical new technique by clinical application of the LigaSure Vessel Sealing System(LVSS) to thoracoscopic bullectomy.Methods 8 patients underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy by using of the LVSS.The patients were 5 males and 3 females,mean age was 52.5 years,ranged 45~61 years.3 patients were spontaneous pneumothorax and 4 patients were multiple giant bullae.We applied the LVSS to cut and seal the margin of bulla directly in video-assisted thoracic surgery.Result The operating average time was 95 minutes and average bleeding volume was 70?ml.Thoracic drainage continued for 3 days and the patients were discharged safely after 10.5 days as the recovery course was uneventful.Six months postoperatively no recurrence of bulla,residual space or pneumothorax were found.Conclution It is a safe,economic and convenient method using of the Ligasure Vessel sealing system in Thoracoscopic Bullectomy.


In the teaching of active participation,teachers guide students to combine the basic knowledge with the knowledge of various professional courses,analyze and solve problems,use team competitions and design-based experiments,and keep enhancing the participation of students in the teaching process.The"step-by-step"complex evaluation system which takes advantage of mobile phones and network can build the "outside classroom"for basiccourse learning.Teachers and students can make a "composite"evaluation so as to enhance greatly the interactive abilities between teachers and students,students and students.


Investment and labor are factors that affect the economic growth of a region. Economic growth is measured by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of investment in the mining sector and the labor force participation rate on the GRDP of South Kalimantan. This study employs a quantitative approach with secondary data on macroeconomic indicators obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of South Kalimantan. The data used is panel data which is a combination of time series data with cross-section data. The estimation results of the Fixed Effect Model show that foreign investment, domestic investment, and the level of labor force participation simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth in South Kalimantan. Partially, foreign investment on mining sector has a negative and insignificant effect; domestic investment on mining sector has a positive and significant effect, and Labor Force Participation Rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in South Kalimantan