This study analyses the relative age effect (RAE) in basketball athletes, considering the categories (U13, U15, U17, and U19), sex, number of games and average points. The participants were 1,455 Brazilian athletes aged between 9 and 19 who participated in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship in the 2018 season. To test the RAE, the Chi-square test (χ2) was performed to compare the observed distribution and expected birth quartiles. To verify the differences between the birth quartiles concerning the average of points and the number of games, One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni was applied. The effect size was verified using Eta². Odds Ratios and confidence intervals were calculated for all birth quartiles. In conclusion, it was found that, in the general sample of players participating in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship, there was an over-representation of players born in the first two quarters of the year in most of the categories analysed. However, significant dif- ferences were found in the number of games and average points only in male players in the U13 category. These results confirm that the player selection process is negatively biased towards boys born at the end of the year in the U13 category.


Objectives : Describe and systematize the clinical characteristics of lymphomas diagnosed in the otorhinolaryngology department of the Hospital Garcia de Orta (HGO) in the last five years. Study design : Retrospective case revision. Material and methods : Revision of cases diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disorders diagnosed in the otorhinolaryngology department of the HGO between 2008 and 2012. A data extraction table of the health records was made with variables defined previously between the authors. Results : A revision of the electronic health records yielded 21 cases of lymphoma and 3 of plasmacytoma. We found a mean age of 66 years and a proportion of 1.4:1 favouring the female gender. The B cell lymphoproliferative disorder was predominant, being the culprit in 83% of the cases, of which the diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most frequent. The three primary of locations were: cervical, oropharynx and nasal cavity in 29%, 25% and 17% cases, respectively. Conclusions : In comparison to existing literature, we obtained similar results concerning variables like age of diagnosis, presentation locations and histology.


This paper presents the experimental results in a proposal that aims to develop an adaptive mechanism of management and control frame traffic under a infrastructured network in the IEEE 802.11 standard to any of its versions. The mechanism is based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values to measure users mobility and allow the station to decide the mechanism activation or deactivation. Preliminary results were obtained from two propositions: a) indoor measurements of a WLAN 802.11g placed inside the Computer Science Center (CIC) at the University of Braslia (UNB) which covered the area of the computer labs. b) a previous simulation of the adaptive algorithm in MATLAB with nodes operating within the proposed mobility characteristics as a case study in order to test auto-activation or auto-deactivation of the mechanism by the station.


Interactive array languages are powerful programming tools for the development of programs for numerical computation. They provide an environment that tends to increase productivity in software development. The trade-off is that in order to provide this nicer programming environment, array languages are usually interpreted, with the resulting negative effect on performance. The ideal programming environment for the development of programs for numerical computation should use an interactive array language for the conception and development phase of the program and a compiler for the production phase. Performance can be further improved with the exploitation of parallelism. This paper presents an inference mechanism that is used for the compilation of Matlab programs into Fortran 90. This approach combines static and dynamic inference methods for type, rank, and shape inference. This work was supported by NIST under Grant No. MDA904-92-C-2312 and the CSRD Affiliates under grants from the U.S. National Security Agency and the Motorola Corporation.


Proper brain development is based on the orchestration of key neurodevelopmental processes, including the formation and function of neural networks. If at least one key neurodevelopmental process is affected by a chemical, an adverse outcome is expected. To allow a higher testing throughput than the guideline animal experiments, a developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro testing battery (DNT IVB) has been set up that includes a variety of assays, which model several key neurodevelopmental processes. Gap analyses of the DNT IVB revealed the need of a human-based assay to assess neural network formation and function (NNF). Therefore, here we established the human NNF (hNNF) assay. A co-culture comprised of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)- derived excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as primary human astroglia, was differentiated for 35 days on micro-electrode arrays (MEA) and spontaneous electrical activity, together with cytotoxicity, was assessed on a weekly basis after washout of the compounds 24 h prior to measurements. In addition to the characterization of the test system, the assay was challenged with 28 compounds, mainly pesticides, identifying their DNT potential by evaluation of specific spike-, burst- and network parameters. This approach confirmed the suitability of the assay for screening environmental chemicals. Comparison of benchmark concentrations (BMC) with an NNF in vitro assay (rNNF) based on primary rat cortical cells, revealed differences in sensitivity. Together with the successful implementation of hNNF data into a postulated stressor-specific adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network associated with a plausible molecular initiating event for deltamethrin, this study suggests the hNNF assay as a useful complement to the current DNT IVB.


Many models have been proposed for vision and language tasks, especially the image-text retrieval task. All state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in this challenge contained hundreds of millions of parameters. They also were pretrained on a large external dataset that has been proven to make a big improvement in overall performance. It is not easy to propose a new model with a novel architecture and intensively train it on a massive dataset with many GPUs to surpass many SOTA models, which are already available to use on the Internet. In this paper, we proposed a compact graph-based framework, named HADA, which can combine pretrained models to produce a better result, rather than building from scratch. First, we created a graph structure in which the nodes were the features extracted from the pretrained models and the edges connecting them. The graph structure was employed to capture and fuse the information from every pretrained model with each other. Then a graph neural network was applied to update the connection between the nodes to get the representative embedding vector for an image and text. Finally, we used the cosine similarity to match images with their relevant texts and vice versa to ensure a low inference time. Our experiments showed that, although HADA contained a tiny number of trainable parameters, it could increase baseline performance by more than 3.6% in terms of evaluation metrics in the Flickr30k dataset. Additionally, the proposed model did not train on any external dataset and did not require many GPUs but only 1 to train due to its small number of parameters. The source code is available at https://github.com/m2man/HADA.


The diagnosis of tree nutrient demand for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) is possible using a root bioassay with excised roots, to measure the rate of uptake of the corresponding isotope. In this study, Norway spruce (Picea abies) roots were used to test the uptake response in roots of different diameter. The 15N bioassay has been developed to test for nitrogen demand by plants, where high 15N uptake demonstrates nitrogen limitation. Sometimes sample variability may mask potential treatment differences, but we have shown that when the fine root fraction of <1 mm diameter is selected rather than the whole root, the sensitivity can be significantly increased. Roots of different diameters revealed a 2–50 fold difference in the response to the N bioassay. If samples are restricted to the fine roots, the method is also more comparable to the bioassays for P and K.


This paper considers the detection problem for distributed multiple-input multiple-output (DMIMO) radars under the "defocused transmit-defocused receive" (DTDR-DMIMO) operating mode. In particular, the range cells of different transmit-receive channels are not in superposition, but intersecting with each other, so the test cell, which is the cell under test (CUT) corresponding to each test, is hard to determine for jointly processing of sampling data from all channels. To address this problem, we first propose shape fitting method (SFM) to divide the surveillance area into a number of closely spaced and small size discrete grids, and determine the authentic test cells by condensing the grids, which share the same data, into one test cell. Since the number of test cells is enormous, the cost for SFM is huge. To reduce the implementation expenses, we furthermore propose homogeneously covering method (HCM) to set a smaller number of identically rectangle shaped grid cells in the surveillance area, and select the best fitted data for one grid cell by matching the range cells of every channel with this grid cell. In addition, two likelihood ratio test (LRT) detectors with constant false alarm rate (CFAR) for SFM and HCM are derived, respectively. Finally, simulation experiments have shown that both SFM and HCM can efficiently solve this problem.


Vinyl alcohol 1 was prepared by thermolysis of cyclobutanol and its photoelectron spectrum was determined. I = 9.18 eV and I = 9.52 eV were found, the vibrations progression (ṽ = 1400 cm−1) for this lowest energy transition 1(X)1+(X) indicating significant skeletal changes in the ion. The question of the relative stability of the syn (1)- vs. anti-ions (1) is discussed in the light of theoretical calculations. The energy of the second π-state of 1+ is estimated at 13.6–14.1 eV above the ground state of 1.


A comparative study about the ability of chiral chalcogen-containing oxazolines to act as chiral ligands in the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of rac-1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate is reported. Differences in the catalytic performance are observed with sulfur, selenium and tellurium analogues.


The enhancement of heat transfer in fuel cells with interdigitated flow field design is studied using a 3-D fuel cell computational model. The computational results showed that in a fuel cell with interdigitated flow field design temperature is more evenly distributed, which leads to a lower maximum temperature. This allows a fuel cell to operate at a higher average current density and the power output can be increased without sacrificing the fuel cell's durability. Furthermore, better thermal management can be achieved for fuel cells with intedigitated flow field.


The effects of alternative abortion policies over time in developing nations is discussed. 4 factors need to be involved: 1) family planning services; 2) public education about contraceptives; 3) government support; and 4) legality of abortion. The only combination which would allow the limitation of fertility and reduce the number of illegal abortions is a policy whereby family planning is widely available and intensive efforts are made to educate the public about contraceptives; abortion is legal and there is active government support, including an official policy statement.


Recently,sudden public sanitation events,all kinds of known or unknown infectious diseases and other events that impair human health and may make a surprise attack at any time.Schools are densely populated places so that it is are easy for such infectious diseases and sudden events to break out.The hospital attached to the school should build a hospital and a health station which can respond to the society quickly,and strengthen the reaction system which can deal with these sudden public sanitation events to lay a better foundation for the continuous development of the hospital.


The peptide side chains of the peptidoglycan of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope have the sequence H2N-l-Ala-d-Glu-A2pm-d-Ala-COOH. The d-glutamate is linked to the meso-2, 5-diaminopimelate (A2pm) by a peptide bond formed by the C-5 carboxyl group of d-glutamate. The C-1 carboxyl group of the glutamate does not occur in the amidated state in the cell wall. The configurations of alanine, glutamate, and 2, 5-diaminopimelate have been confirmed.


London-born In the London-born extrapulmonary lesions are uncommon, though urogenital lesions and, in extreme old age, widely disseminated disease are sometimes seen. Pulmonary tuberculosis is for the most part a disease of middle-aged or elderly men who are often also suffering from other disabling diseases such as chronic peptic ulcers (with or without partial gastrectomy), diabetes, alcoholism or other mental disturbances and, the commonest of all, chronic bronchitis. Itis the Londonborn, not the immigrant, who provides the problems of tuberculosis. It is far more difficult to diagnose the bizarre forms of disseminated tuberculosis in a senile Londoner than the florid forms in the immigrant. The acute pulmonary lesions of the immigrant usually respond to treatment rapidly and completely, whereas the chronic cavitated pulmonary disease of the middle-aged London man will show satisfactory bacteriological response, but his disability persists, aggravated by respiratory insufficiency.


A multi parameter analysis of Metal removal rate imparted to WC-Co by wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) is presented. Wire Electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a nontraditional, thermoelectric process which erodes material from the work piece by a series of discrete sparks between a work and tool electrode immersed in a liquid dielectric medium). This paper presents a detailed model of a WEDM. The structure includes in the model, are three parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current. We analyzed the effect of this three parameters on material removal rate .The detailed mathematical model is simulated by Minitab14 and simulation results fit experiment data very well this shows that the model can be used to forecast the performance of WEDM when design. In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariable linear regression (MVLR), has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to higher MRR. Experiments were conducted by varying pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current using L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve high MMR. Experimental results from the orthogonal array were used as the training data for the MVLR model to map the relationship between process parameters and MMR the experiment was conducted on WEDM. From the investigation It concludes that pulse on is most influencing parameter followed by pulse off time and peak current on MRR.


Disclosed herein are self-crosslinking compositions containing a hydrosilation catalyst and the reaction product of a mixture comprising (i) a resinous copolymer having both silicon-bonded hydrogen and silanol groups, and (ii) one or more vinyl-functional polyorganosiloxanes. These compositions have stable post-cure adhesive properties and are suitable for use in electronic applications.


Objective To establish the quantitative and qualitative analysis methods for Venenum bufonis in Yansukang aerosols.Methods Venenum bufonis was identified by TLC.The contents of cinobufagin and resibufogenin were determined by HPLC.The determination was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column with a solvent system: acetonitrile-water(45: 55).The detection wavelength was set at 296 nm.Results The spots from the test solutions on the thin layer plate was clear and the bland solution had no interference.The average recoveries of cinobufagin and resibufogenin were 99.49 %(RSD 1.19 %) and 98.83 %(RSD 2.71 %),respectively.Conclusion The present method is simple,accurate with strong specificity and can be used to control the quality of Yansukang aerosols.


Understanding the complex elements affecting signal resolution in cytometry is key for quality experimental design and data. In this study, we incorporate autofluorescence as a contributing factor to our understanding of resolution in cytometry and corroborate its impact in fluorescence signal detection through mathematical predictions supported by empirical evidence. Our findings illustrate the critical importance of autofluorescence extraction via full spectrum unmixing in unmasking dim signals and delineating the expression and subset distribution of low abundance markers in discovery projects. We apply our findings to the precise definition of the tissue and cellular distribution of a weakly expressed fluorescent protein that reports on a low‐abundance immunological gene. Exploiting the full spectrum coverage enabled by Aurora 5L, we describe a novel approach to the isolation of pure cell subset‐specific autofluorescence profiles based on high dimensionality reduction algorithms. This method can also be used to unveil differences in the autofluorescent fingerprints of tissues in homeostasis and after immunological challenges.


Through repeated updating of information technology security evaluation criteria GB/T18336 based on identical application of ISO / IEC 15408,a completely new version of GB / T18336- 2015 is going to be released in 2015. To clear the new changes and future development trends is of great significance in understanding the standard,evaluating information technology products and raising infosec level in accordance with standard.


The fifth telecomumunication-generation new radio (5G NR) is expected commercially to be available in 2020, where the high-frequency band is probably used to achieve the high data rates. However, the channel model is probably different country-by-country due to different natural environment, such as temperarne. In this paper, we propose an Indonesia 5G channel model considering the influence of temperature at a frequency band of 28 GHz to support the implementation of 5G at higher frequency bands. Indonesia's weather conditions are influenced by the change at atmospheric conditions, hence we also propose a framework to calculate and validate the 5G channel model for any locations in Indonesia, where the channel model is important to design an optimal 5G communication system in Indonesia. Indonesia 5G channel model is represented by the power delay profile (PDP) used to calculate the outage performance. We evaluate the 5G channel model using bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER) peformances using cyclic- prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) numerology μ = 3 with complex-binary phase shift keying (C- BPSK). Convolutional codes are used in this paper as channel coding to validate the theoretical outage.


We mainly discuss minimal positive realizations of nth-order rational transfer functions of continuous-time linear time-invariant single-input-single-output (SISO) systems and provide conditions for these systems to have positive realizations of the same order. The results obtained can aid in deciding the minimal compartment number of a compartmental system, finding a representation for a phase type (PH) distribution. One numerical example is employed to validate the results.


The intra-religious dialogue of medieval converts from Judaism to Christianity is evident in the works of the fourteenth-century Sevillian physician Jean of Avignon (known in Hebrew as Moshe ben Shmuel of Roquemaure). Jean, a translator of Bernard of Gordon's Lilium medicine into Hebrew and the author of Sevillana medicina, was recurrently engaged in translating, transmitting, and debating religious notions and terms to his readers of both faiths. The medical arena in which this religious encounter took place, a common ground in many ways, enabled conveying and contemplating religious knowledge and practices. Sentiments of discord between faiths and societies alongside attempts to resolve such conflicts emerging in both of these works; the texts seem to evoke Jean's complex inner vicissitudes between the two worlds. This essay discusses the personal religious tension in Jean's works, granting significant attention to the special value of the medical context in serving as a terrain upon which the religious dialogue is worked through.


The ESR spectrum of the radicals formed by the reaction of oxygen with γ‐irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been obtained using oxygen isotopically labeled with 17O. The presence of lines from two oxygen nuclei both labeled with 17O confirms that peroxy radicals are formed. Two types of peroxy radicals are discussed; firstly, the peroxy chain radical (–CF2–CF(O1Ȯ2)–CF2) with g⊥=2.0220, g∥=2.0060, a∥(1) =40±1 G, a∥(2) =89±1 G at 300 K, and gzz=2.0380, gyy=2.0065, gxx=2.0026, axx(1) =46±1 G, axx(2) =107±1 G at 77 K and secondly, the peroxy propagating radical (–CF2–CF2(O1Ȯ2)) with giso=2.004, aiso(1) =13±1 G, aiso(2) =26.5±1 G at 300 K and identical parameters to the peroxy chain radical at 77 K. The temperature dependence of the ESR spectra is analyzed in terms of the rotational freedom in the polymer. The peroxy chain radical undergoes rotation along the polymer chain axis and the peroxy propagating radical also has this rotation about the chain axis and in addition rotates about the C–O bond w...


There are issues of concern to software engineers that cannot be addressed in the context of a single development project. This paper indicates some typical issues, and proposes an asset view of the software development process to enable them to be considered. The asset view places less emphasis on the temporal ordering of activities and more on the concepts of goals, interactions, learning and evolution. It is complementary to the more conventional production view. The asset view may be a better starting point for considerations of reuse and product lines.


To evaluate in vitro synergic effect of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (EOOV) with Imipenem on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and methods: The experimental design was developed in 2 phases: in the first phase, the effect of EOOV and Imipenem on Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by diffusion disc and macrodilution in broth method, 10 repetitions were performed for each treatment. In the second, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained for the EOOV and Imipenem, subsequently the synergic effect between EOOV and Imipenem was determined by the "checkerboard" method. Results: The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to EOOV was 6.5mm, 8.2mm, 11.4mm and 16.5mm at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively and the susceptibility to Imipenem was 37.3mm. The MIC of EOOV and Imipenem was 697.5ug / ml and 4ug / ml respectively. The MIC of the EOOV with Imipenem using the technique "Checkerboard" was 30.51563 ug / ml and 1ug / ml respectively The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) between the EOOV and Imipenem ranged between 0.29 and 0.42 Conclusion: The EOOV does have synergistic in vitro effect with Imipenem on Pseudomonas aeruginosa


The simulation of gaseous phenomena such as smokes is a challenging problem in computer graphics. Real time simulation of smokes is particularly difficult. Although current techniques are able to dynamically produce very realistic smokes, they can hardly be employed in a VR system due to their particle system nature and the use of volume rendering. This paper presents a new method of real-time simulation of tail marks in VR systems, which models the shape of tail marks based on a regular 2D partern. The turbulent effect is obtained by dynamically disturbing both intensity and opacity of every control point in the partern. Our algorithm is not only simple and efficient, but also able to produce very realistic images. Thus, it can be smoothly employed by any VR system.


The Next Generation Flight Controller Trainer (NGFCT) is a relatively inexpensive system of hardware and software that provides high-fidelity training for spaceshuttle flight controllers. NGFCT provides simulations into which are integrated the behaviors of emulated space-shuttle vehicle onboard general-purpose computers (GPCs), mission-control center (MCC) displays, and space-shuttle systems as represented by high-fidelity shuttle mission simulator (SMS) mathematical models. The emulated GPC computers enable the execution of onboard binary flight-specific software. The SMS models include representations of system malfunctions that can be easily invoked. The NGFCT software has a flexible design that enables independent updating of its GPC, SMS, and MCC components.


Histologic patterns of tumor‐bone interaction were systematically evaluated in 80 cases of metastatic lung cancer involving bone. Patterns of tumor‐bone interaction varied with the histologic type of lung cancer, reflecting the biochemical and biologic differences among the different types of lung cancer. Evidence presented here suggests that destruction of bone by metastatic lung cancer is mediated neither by direct contact of tumor cells with bone matrix nor by release of diffusible substances that lyse bone matrix. Among indirect mechanisms, the most prevalent and important was the activation of bone‐lining cells by metastatic tumor. Epidermoid carcinomas in particular were associated with histologic patterns of classical bone remodelling, including osteoblastic, osteoclastic, and osteocytic activity. Adenocarcinomas showed a particularly high association with microfractures and manifested a stromal pattern consistent with release of prostaglandins. Ischemic necrosis of bone due to compression of vessels by expanding tumor mass is also a common and important mechanism. Correlation of histologic patterns with reported data on the frequency of bone metastases and syndromes of ectopic hormone production provides insight into the mechanism(s) of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in patients with lung cancer.


A piece of memory space in SDRAM is partitioned as an information record area. Information needed to keep is stored in the area. The corresponding program segment of BIOS is rewritten so as to not tocarry out writing operation for the said information record area. Quantity of code executed at the time period between CPU reset and memory interface of CPU being reconfigured is controlled so that the time for running the code is not larger than retention time of SDRAM transient state. The invention uses retention feature of transient state to hold data when SDRAM is powered and not refreshed. Thus, useful information can be reserved without adding hardware. The invention can widely be used in communication technique area.


As part of the ex-situ conservation of the wild ornamental plants at JNTBGRI, several species of Memecylon were collected and introduced from the Western Ghats. While working on the taxonomy of the collected plants, it was found that a well defined species Memecylon deccanense C.B.Clarke  has been reduced recently to the synonym of M.heyneanum Benth. ex Wight & Arn. A detailed study by relevant literature, live and herbarium specimens, and type specimens housed at different herbaria, it is reinstated as a distinct species and a lectotype is designated here. Relevant photographs and images of type specimens of M.deccanense and M.heyneanum also provided to facilitate its easy identification.


Stimuli-responsive metal complexes are extensively studied due to their promising properties for various practical applications. In many cases, stimuli-induced response is provoked by phase transitions, which completely modify electronic properties of chromophoric center to give substantial modification of the phase emissive properties. However, complexity of the systems hinders theoretical calculations, which could be used to interpret the emission response, even at qualitative level. In this study, we apply a joint experimental and theoretical approach to model the luminescence switching of a vapochromic Au–Cu organometallic supramolecular complex in solution, amorphous, and crystal state. We have investigated luminescence spectra and emission anisotropy of the complex in solution, polymer gel, amorphous, and crystal states. The excitation and emission energies of the complex in vacuum and crystal state have been calculated using QM and QM/MM approaches. The results show that (1) the red shift of emissi...


Although comparatively little is as yet known about the conditions under which young people —and their elders—are likely to be most com petent to do the best job of decision-making about smoking as a personal practice, research is in process and its findings have relevance for health education at all age levels.


Two kinds of functional material: outdoor heat shrinking material and stress control heat shrinking material, are reported in this paper. These materials are made by blending plastics with rubber and functi onal filler, and are crosslinked by γ-ray radiation. These materials are heat shrinkable and can be used for making outdoor cable accessories.


We developed a simple, cheap and bidirectional ionic current rectification system based on the integration of a biconical micro-channel, working electrode and reference electrode. This system may have potential and realistic future value for studying two-way ionic transport in the cell membrane.


The study aims to determine the number of mass and antioxidant activity of ß-glucan extracted from S.cerevisieae which grown on vegetable and fruit wastes. The method used is experimental with descriptive analysis which consisted of 3 treatments namely banana waste, papaya waste, and napa cabbage waste as fermentation medium, repeated thrice. Fermentation medium was made by mixing waste with water with the ratio of 1:2. Ten percent (w/v) of S.cerevisieae was inoculated and incubated for 48 hours, at 27 °C. Extraction of ß-glucan was carried out using acid-alkaline methods and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH (2, 2-Dyphenyl-1-Picrylhydrayl) method and the microstructure of ß-glucan is determined by Scanning Electrone Microscope. The result showed that the best medium in producing ß-glucan was papaya waste which resulting 19.094 g ß-glucan mass, with radical scavenging activity of 20.71% and globular diameter of 533μm.


Since early colonial times, the dominant view among scientists and administrators has been that human activities, such as farming, logging and bush fires, cause progressive savannisation of forests. In contrast, other, more recent views suggest that the forest-savanna boundary has remained relatively stable over historical times, and even that human activities can be associated with the formation of forests in savanna environments. While forestry policy has conventionally been based on removing local users' control over land and trees in favour of the State, recent policy discussions have focussed on the advantages of, and prospects for, forms of 'collaborative' forest management involving local communities.


By taking the temporal and spatial characteristic of leg movement in the gait cycle into account and treating the walking motion of human target as the composite motions of typical movements, a simple and universal echoes model of walking human target based on linear rigid human body structure is presented in this paper. The model has good portability which can be applied to various radar transmit signals and parameters adjustment is convenient. The model also can be extended to obtain the echoes of running human target. Simulation results indicated that the model is consistent well with the actual situation of human walking.


Abstract : Large data handling and storage problems are encountered in the preparation of codes for the solution of systems of elliptic partial difference equations on a three-dimensional network when the number of points is of the order of 50 x 50 x 50. The solution of such systems of equations comprises one part of FLAME, a multigroup burnout code for LARC prepared for the prediction of the time-dependent neutron distribution in a nuclear reactor. Seven-point difference equations are used. Coefficients in these difference equations are permitted to vary pointwise so that solutions for non-homogeneous reactors can be obtained. The form in which the coefficients are stored is a function of the numerical method used. Efficient methods of solution require fast access storage for the order of 1,000,000 values. This is possible using the LARC drums. On LARC, computation in the central computer can be performed concurrently with data-transfer operations between drums and core storage. Because of the relative speeds of these functions, it is shown that with the proper choice of method an almost perfect balance between computation time and data-transfer time can be achieved. (Author)


The concept of f-divergences was introduced by Csiszar in 1963 as measures of the 'hardness' of a testing problem depending on a convex real valued function f on the interval [0,∞). The choice of this parameter f can be adjusted so as to match the needs for specific applications. The definition and some of the most basic properties of f-divergences are given and five classes of f-divergences are presented. Ostrowski's inequality and a trapezoid inequality are utilised in order to prove bounds for an extension of the set of f-divergences. All five classes of f-divergences are used in order to investigate limitations and strengths of the inequalities derived.


By coupling a quantum detector, a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction, to a Josephson junction \textit{via} a resonant circuit we probe the high frequency properties, namely the ac complex admittance and the current fluctuations of the Josephson junction at the resonant frequencies. The admittance components show frequency dependent singularities related to the superconducting density of state while the noise exhibits a strong frequency dependence, consistent with theoretical predictions. The circuit also allows to probe separately the emission and absorption noise in the quantum regime of the superconducting resonant circuit at equilibrium. At low temperature the resonant circuit exhibits only absorption noise related to zero point fluctuations, whereas at higher temperature emission noise is also present.


CHOLERA is an acute illness caused by an enterotoxin elaborated by Vibrio cholerae which have colonized the small bowel of a susceptible individual. In its most severe form there is rapid loss of fluid and electrolyte from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis and, if untreated, death.' The clinical onset of cholera is generally that of abrupt, painless, watery diarrhea. In severe cases, several liters of fluid may be lost within a few hours, leading rapidly to profound shock. At varying intervals after onset of diarrhea, vomiting may ensue. This is characteristically effortless and is not preceded by nausea. In the more severe cases, muscle cramps are almost invariably present and commonly involve the calves. When first seen by the physician, the patient who is severely ill with cholera is cyanotic, has sunken eyes and cheeks, a scaphoid abdomen, poor, skin turgor, and thready or absent peripheral pulses. The voice is high-pitched or inaudible; the vital signs include tachycardia, tachypnea, and low or unobtainable blood pressure. There may be either low-grade fever or slight hypothermia. The heart sounds are distant, often inaudible, and bowel sounds are usually hypoactive. Major alterations in mental status are not common in adults; the adult cholera patient usually remains oriented, although apathetic, even in the face of severe hypovolemic shock. Central nervous system abnormalities, ranging from stupor to convulsions and coma, are much more common in pediatric patients, and may occur in up to io% of small children with cholera. In all epidemics there are large numbers of mild cases in which loss of fluid from the gut is not severe enough to require hospitalization. There are even larger numbers of completely asymptomatic people who transiently excrete V. cbolerae.2


This paper explores the question of whether dynamic term structure models generate patterns of predictability in excess returns consistent with the recent historical evidence for U.S. Treasury bond yields. Our entire empirical analysis is carried out using four different data sets on zero-coupon bonds, in order to check robustness of key results in the literature to the spline methodology used to construct the zero coupon bond yields. Among the issues addressed are: (i) Is the degree of predictability documented in descriptive regression analyses largely the same as the degree of predictability implicit in multi-factor arbitragefree term structure models?; (ii) Is there a single common "predictor factor" underlying the expected excess returns on bonds of all maturities?; (iii) To what extent is the evidence for predictability of excess returns a symptom of small-sample biases in estimated R? Our answer to the first question is yes: the degree of predictability documented in historical data is roughly the same as that implied by standard multi-factor dynamic term structure models. At the same time, treating a Gaussian three-factor model as the true data generating process, we find that the R statistic for these regressions has a substantial upward small-sample bias of roughly 50%. Finally, we present strong evidence against the "common factor" hypothesis (ii). While most of our results are robust to the choice of spline, we argue that a portion of the predictability in excess returns in some data sets is induced by the choice of spline, and that patterns in the coefficients in prediction regressions are highly sensitive to the smoothness of the spline.


Effects of the velocity gradient of linear shear flows at a high Reynolds number (Re, s=4000-35000) on lift and drag applied on a spherical particle are investigated by measuring surface pressure distribution, using a pendant method, and by comparing computed and photographed trajectories of a sphere falling in upward shear flows. It is made clear that lift is applied on a sphere from the higher velocity side to the lower velocity side, that it increases as the velocity gradient becomes greater, and that drag is hardly affected by the velocity gradient.


The display console is a very important part for the ship's electronic information system. In order to study the noise characteristics and effectively control the noise value of the cooling fan in ship display console. Firstly, the theoretical analysis of the cooling fan noise source was carried out, and the frequency spectrum test method was used to identify the cooling fan noise of the display console. Secondly, the optimization design and noise control method were proposed from the optimization of the structural parameters, performance parameters and space matching parameters of the cooling fan. Finally, compared and analyzed the aero-acoustic performance of the optimized cooling fan and the original cooling fan. It is Concluded that the noise and sound pressure level of the optimized cooling fan is 6.6dB lower than that of the original fan. This research reduced the noise of cooling fan, which provide reliable analysis and guidance for the design of fan acoustic noise reduction.


This paper analyses individual satisfaction in Health and Fitness Centres (HFCs) on the main Portuguese island of Madeira, based on a questionnaire survey conducted in 2007. A regression-ordered probit model is used to analyse preference determinants. The conclusion is that almost all of the attributes measured contribute to satisfaction, signifying that this is an area in which customers have high a priori expectations that are easily fulfilled. The policy implications are derived.


Dear Editor

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is now increasingly used as the first-line investigation to assess the uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertility work-up. Most patients with a history of infertility do not use a contraceptive method and due to irregular menstrual cycles, menstrual history is not always reliable. In this letter, we emphasize on clinical implications for preventing inadvertently performed HSG during pregnancy. A 34-year-old woman with a four-year history of infertility was referred for routine base investigation by pelvic ultrasound before intrauterine insemination (IUI). HSG was carried out one month ago, 3 days after menstrual bleeding had stopped. Although she had regular menstruations, she had an abnormal bleeding one month ago and was unaware of her pregnancy and decidual bleeding was presumed as menstrual bleeding. Therefore, the patient was regarded as not pregnant and no β-HCG test was performed before the HSG procedure. HSG of this patient illustrated a large endometrial cavity with a filling defect, which was reported as myoma, and the patient was referred for ultrasound investigation of the uterine filling defect (Figure 1 A, ,B).B). Ultrasonography showed a 6 to 6.5-week gestational age embryo without a heart rate. Abortion occurred after a few days. Although there have been only a few case reports on undiagnosed pregnancy during (HSG) (1-7), it is important to emphasize on the unusual radiological features of this condition to alert radiologists and gynecologists reporting HSG. Early pregnancy during HSG may be recognized by a double outlined uterine cavity (DOUC) and the intrauterine filling defect denotes the fetal sac (1-7).However, a normal HSG cannot exclude early pregnancy during HSG (1). Contrast media infiltrating the decidual lining is responsible for the DOUC appearance (Figure 2). This sign can also suggest hyperplasia or late normal secretory endometrium. The filling defect can also be a sign of endometrial polyp, submucosal myomas or synechiae. Detection of DOUC sign should assist the operator to terminate the introduction of contrast medium and make a certain interpretation of early pregnancy (2). Although there have been several reports on the normal outcome in such cases (1-7), the potential concerns are teratogenic risks, miscarriage and displacement of the fertilized ovum (ectopic pregnancy,) due to the side-effect of the flushing effect of contrast media (3). The risk of mutation is low due to low exposure during HSG and termination is not recommended (4).

Figure 1.

A and B, HSG illustrates a large endometrial cavity with a filling defect

Figure 2.

Double outlined uterine cavity (DOUC) due to contrast material infiltrating into the endometrium during early pregnancy (arrows).

Inadvertently performed HSG during pregnancy can be prevented by:

Pelvic ultrasound evaluation before HSG (3)

Scheduling the procedure during the early proliferative phase

Maintaining a high index of suspicion, and not relying solely on the menstrual history. A pregnancy test on the day of the procedure,even in women with regular cycles and particularly for women with one irregular cycle or amenorrhea is mandatory.


A biometric system is an evolving technology that is used in various fields like forensics, secured area and security system. One of the main biometric system is fingerprint recognition system. The reduced rate of performance of fingerprint verification system is due to many reasons such as displacement of finger during scanning, moisture on scanner, etc. The result and accuracy of fingerprint recognition depends on the presence of valid minutiae. According to literature several Fingerprint Recognition System are designed that uses various techniques in order to reduce false detection rate and to enhance the performance of the system. A comparative study of different recognition technique along with their limitations is also summarized and optimum approach is proposed which may enhance the performance of the system. This research work is focused on designing of fingerprint verification/classification including feature extraction methods and learning models for proper classification to label different fingerprints. In order to gain above mentioned objectives, FVC2002 dataset is taken for training and testing. In this dataset there are approx. 72 images which are used for testing purpose. In this dataset there are some blur, distorted as well as partial images also which are considered for recognition. Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is used for recognition of fingerprint. The result analysis shows approx. 3% enhancement over existing work.


Measurements on the inverse filtered airflow waveform (the "glottal waveform") and of estimated average transglottal pressure and glottal airflow were made for production of syllable sequences in soft, normal, and loud voice by 20 female and 25 male speakers. Statistical analyses showed that, while there was no significant female‐male difference in pressure within any of the loudness conditions, there were significant female‐male differences in the glottal waveform parameters that should be relevant to differences in voice source characteristics. In normal and loud voice, female waveforms indicated lower vocal fold closing velocity, lower ac (modulated) flow, and proportionally shorter closed phase of the cycle, suggesting a steeper spectral slope for females. In soft voice, female ac flow was significantly lower than males', but there were no significant differences in female‐male closing velocity or relative length of the closed portion, suggesting more similar spectral slopes. The dc (unmodulated) flow...


Eight species of Laelaps (including Echinolaelaps) are recorded from Taiwan. New collection records, keys, and illustrations provide information on the host and distributional records and assist in identification. Laelaps prognathus n. sp. is described from Rattus losea. Echinolaelaps fukienensis Wang, 1963, is a new synonym of L. traubi Domrow, 1962; and Laelaps pavlovskyi Zachvatkin, 1948, is a new synonym of L. agilis Koch, 1836.


An introduction is presented to a section of reviews of books on industrial relations and labor unions in China including "Walmart in China," "Trade Unions in China: The Challenge of Labour Unrest" and "Law & Fair Work in China."


A method, comprising: obtaining, at a trustworthy party, a data processing result from a requesting party or a processing party in response to receiving a request for verifying correctness of the data processing result from the requesting party, wherein the data processing result is obtained by the requesting party from the processing party; obtaining, at a trustworthy party, the data used to getting the data processing result and a corresponding algorithm from the processing party, wherein the processing party uses the corresponding algorithm to process the data and gets the data processing result; processing, at the trustworthy party, the obtained data with the corresponding algorithm and comparing the processed result with the received data processing result, and if the two results are the same, the data processing result verified by the trustworthy party is correct.


Development of restructured–dehydrated fish product enhances the shelf life as well as commercial value of fish. Along the similar lines, tiger tooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) mince was utilized in making restructured–dehydrated product (RDP). The effect of vacuum (VD), hybrid-solar (SD), and fluidized bed drying (FBD) on proximate composition, bio-chemical characteristics, and sensory acceptability of the RDPs was studied. Protein content of RDPs varied from 38.71 to 42.33%. The water activity of RDPs varied from 0.48 to 0.53, indicating shelf stability of RDPs. Lipid deterioration during drying was minimal as revealed by TBARS and FFA values. Rehydratability of FBD product was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than others. Frying of RDPs yielded fish-cracker like products. Fried VD product was sensorially more acceptable than others. The present study could pave the way for development of a new class of fish meat based products wherein low value fish meat are utilized.

Practical applications
Fish meat is highly perishable and requires refrigerated and/or frozen storage. The restructured–dehydrated product provides a way to enhance the shelf life of fish meat. The low water activity associated with these products make them shelf stable. The RDPs could enhance the commercial value of fish meat. The RDPs obtained are highly convenient for preparation and could be consumed after frying or boiling or as an ingredient in fish curry.


This work is aim at finding the reason why the measured n/γ sensitivity ratio of film detectors is lower than the theoretical result.It was found that in theoretical calculation,the influences of air and detector's window are omitted,but secondary electrons produced from gamma interaction with this material will deposit energy in the film,and this increases the detector's gamma sensitivity.Through MCNP simulation and measurements in vacuum,it is approved that the impact of secondary electrons is obvious,and the thinner the film,the higher the interference.As air is the main source of secondary electrons that limits the improvement of the film detector's n/γ sensitivity ratio,vacuum structure is needed for new film detector with high n/γ sensitivity ratio.


In the ZAP project, a set of interactive computer programs called 'ZAPs' was developed. The programs were designed in such a way that first‐year students experience psychological phenomena in a vivid and self‐explanatory way. Students can either take the role of participant in a psychological experiment, they can experience phenomena themselves, or they can take the role of researcher and learn by discovery. ZAPs provide added value to existing learning materials about psychological topics and can elicit experiential and discovery learning activities. This article discusses the practical and theoretical considerations that underlie the design and structure of ZAPs and provides guidelines for their practical application in different educational settings.


This study focused on the identification of the E-recruitment strategy of the educational organizations in the Saudi Arabia. This study discusses the growth analysis of the educational industry in the Saudi Arabia and identifying the most plausible reasons for the use of the e–recruitment strategy. This study used the TAM (total acceptance model) which is the most significant model to measure technology acceptance. The results suggested that the system development should integrate by: finding the right technique in this technology to entice them in the initial stage of recruitment process; and finding the accurate system to auto- counterpart the candidates' knowledge, skill, and capabilities with the job requirements in the preliminary stage of selection process possibly by electronic sifting.


Purpose – This study aims to examine the effects of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) feedback on pre-intermediate EFL students' writing performance. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to inspect the effects of AWE on self-correction in multiple submissions. Design/participants – This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The participants were students whose English proficiency was at the pre-intermediate level, below CEFR B1. They were enrolled in a two-hour, 18-weeks elective college English writing course for non-English majors. Twenty-seven students completed at least two submissions of drafts on an essay prompt. Through convenience sampling, two male and three female senior students majoring in Business, Chinese and Accounting participated in face-to-fact interviews. Methodology/approach/instrumentation – This study uses descriptive statistics and correlational analysis to evaluate the data. Research data were obtained during 18 week period. My Access was used as an auxiliary writing tool in the college English writing course for non-English-majors. Students' writing performance, self-correction with My Access feedback and self-reported perceptions of using My Access were used as the instruments. Findings –  The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) based on analyses of qualitative data the individual student made improvement in various writing traits in revisions; 2) while the students were  more capable of self-correcting in usage type of lexical and syntactic errors using AWE, they were relatively incapable of handling independently mechanics and style types of errors; 3) the results of the interviews and self-reported student perceptions of My Access confirmed the effectiveness of AWE feedback in revisions and self-correction; 4) although findings of this study supported positive effects of My Access feedback for independent revision and correction, the importance of teachers' role in writing instruction and periodic teacher-student interactions in enhancing particular writing skills is stressed. Practical implications/value – The application of AWE influences writing instruction in both ESL and EFL contexts by both assessing strengths and weaknesses of student writing and enhancing writing quality. Investigating the effectiveness of AWE feedback in the meditational process of constructing and revising text is thus of great importance to ensure its validity and usefulness. Utilizing AWE can, no doubt, be effective with the participation of teachers. Writing teachers play a crucial role in assisting and guiding students in the writing process.


An ultrasonic diagnostic device is provided with: a transceiver unit (11, 12) for performing repeated ultrasonic scanning of a subject; an image generation unit (13) for generating a plurality of image data on the basis of an output of the transceiver unit; a blood flow image generation unit (14) for generating a plurality of blood flow image data on the basis of the output of the transceiver unit; an image selection unit (15) for calculating the degree of similarity between a plurality of images, specifying at least two images having low similarity from the plurality of images on the basis of the degree of similarity, and selecting at least two blood flow images from the plurality of blood flow images for which scanning times correspond to the at least two images selected; and a display unit (4) for displaying the at least two blood flow images selected.


A drawing preserved in the Griffith Institute, Oxford, records an early Meroitic relief block which is now lost. It shows a woman's arm and an inscription, and comes from a tomb chapel in the southern cemetery of Begarawiya, where it was found by Ferlini. Its precise provenance may be either S1 or S9. The inscription attests a hitherto unknown Kandake, who can be dated to the first half of the third century BC. From about the same time comes the representation of another royal lady, whose demolished tomb chapel was at least partly reused in the construction of the pyramid Beg N 16.


As part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-289), Congress established a set of reforms related to payment for physicians' services under the Medicare program. Section 1848 of this law specified three major components of a new payment system for physicians' services: a fee schedule for Medicare based on a resource-based relative value scale; restrictions on the ability of physicians to balance-bill Medicare beneficiaries for amounts exceeding the fee schedule; and processes to set target annual growth rates for expenditures for physicians' services. The Medicare fee schedule (MFS) went into effect on January 1, 1992. This system replaced the customary, prevailing, and reasonable charge methodology that had been in effect under the Medicare program since its inception. The MFS was intended to address problems seen in the existing system, including overcompensation of physicians for performing procedures and undercompensation for evaluation and management services; variations across localities without justifiable reasons. At the same time, volume performance standards were enacted to control growth of total program costs, and firm limits were set on actual physicians' charges to protect beneficiaries from increases in balance billing. The MFS includes a transition period that extends until 1996, with the largest proportion of the fee schedule changes having been implemented in 1992. Now, less than 2 years after the implementation of the MFS, the United States is considering a major restructuring of the health care system to expand access for all Americans, including those having no insurance coverage, and possible shortterm initiatives to slow the rise in health care expenditures until these major reforms are implemented. These initiatives are driven by the continuing increases in health care expenditures as a percentage of gross national product. U.S. health care expenditures increased by 11.4 percent in 1991. Expenditures for physicians' services grew by 10.2 percent and now constitute more than 21 percent of all expenditures for health services. Physicians are also the principal "gatekeepers" for hospital care, prescription drugs, and other important health care services. Clearly, physicians' services will be an important element of efforts to control the growth in health care expenditures. It is likely that the enactment of the MFS will have a widespread impact, beyond Medicare. The establishment of the Medicare prospective payment system for hospitals, based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), led to the adoption of similar DRG-based systems by States. Already a number of private payers and State Medicaid programs are giving consideration to adopting a method similar to the MFS for paying physicians. The theme of this issue of the Review focuses on the future of the MFS, as well as broader payment issues, specifically, "Physician Payment and Cost Contain-


We present a simple analytical model of emittance growth caused by nonlinear space-charge forces using a laminar, parabolic-density beam. The model allows us to explain a surprising and important result that space-charge-induced emittance growth is larger in the plane with the larger semi-axis.<<ETX>>


This note clarifies the experimental settings of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> and shows that the issue raised by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref> is due to a lack of details in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> which resulted in a misinterpretation of the experimental settings.


STEM education aspires toward integrated and contextualized instruction, both difficult goals for teachers. Expertise from within and outside the school are resources for helping teachers access content knowledge and practices in their classrooms. In this project, a STEM coach supported teachers to integrate and contextualize STEM instruction. Connectivity between teachers, outside experts, and other resources indicated opportunities for curricular integration and contextualization and was measured through social network analysis and analysis of teacher journals and interviews. The coach dramatically increased connectivity in the district through bridging and brokering relationships, maintaining a global vision for the district's STEM initiative, and navigating interpersonal relationships. Teachers utilized the connectivity to expertise to enhance STEM curriculum. Having a central actor (coach) allowed for rapid and widespread advancement of the STEM initiative.


Probiotics are live, selected microbial strains that have a beneficial effect on the human body and when introduced into the body, they colonize in the digestive tract, especially in the large intestine, exerting a beneficial effect on the health of the host. The microbial strains, so that they can be included in the probiotics, must be thoroughly tested and meet several conditions. These microorganisms multiply in the gastrointestinal tract and are competitive for pathogenic microorganisms that cause infection. Probiotic bacteria are found in natural yogurts, sour milk, sauerkraut, pickled cucumbers. Many studies show a positive correlation between the consumption of probiotics and the risk of developing certain cancers. Probiotics are most likely to reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1297660


Generalised spatial modulation (GSM) activates more than one transmit antenna to send information each time and can achieve higher transmission rates than conventional spatial modulation (SM). Because the GSM information matrix cannot have a unitary matrix structure, the usual differential scheme cannot be used directly in GSM systems. A new scheme based on generalized spatial modulation is proposed(NGSM), in which each transmit frame consists of a reference block and normal blocks. Every normal block is differentially coded based on reference. Reference blocks are allocated more power than normal blocks. The performance of the NGSM system is analysed, and an analytical expression for a tight bound of the average bit error probability (ABEP) is derived. A sub-optimal low-complexity detection algorithm, message passing (MP), is presented to reduce the computational complexity of detection. Simulation and theoretical results demonstrate that the proposed NGSM scheme has only 0.5 dB of ABEP performance loss as compared to coherent GSM when the frame length is 400. The MP algorithm achieves near-maximum likelihood detection accuracy, while reducing complexity by 70%.


Abstract The thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) are well‐established in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is a wide inter‐ and intra‐patient variation in the concentrations of active and toxic metabolites due to their complex metabolism and genetic polymorphisms in metabolizing enzymes. Serious drug toxicity leads to cessation of therapy in 9–25% of patients, and there is failure to achieve efficacy in approximately 15% of cases. Advances in the understanding of thiopurine drug metabolism have led to new genetic and metabolite tests to help clinicians optimize thiopurine use. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity can predict life‐threatening myelotoxicity in the one in 300 patients who are TPMT‐deficient. However, myelotoxicity can also occur in the presence of normal TPMT activity so blood count monitoring should remain standard practice. TPMT testing may also aid in dose individualization. 6‐Thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN) are thought to be the predominant active metabolites of the thiopurines. 6‐Thioguanine nucleotide concentration is correlated with bone marrow toxicity and may also correlate with efficacy in IBD. Measurement of 6‐TGN and 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP) concentration is most useful in determining why a patient is not responding to a standard dose of a thiopurine drug and may help in avoiding myelosuppression. The ratio of these metabolites can help distinguish non‐compliance, under‐dosing, thiopurine‐resistant and thiopurine‐refractory disease. Some of these investigations are entering routine clinical practice but more research is required to determine their optimal use in patients with IBD.


There have always been pains and difficulties in the field of power transmission and transformation: failures still occur after passing the routine pre-test of MOAs, resulting in forced outages, and the low detection rate of latent faults has caused heavy losses. What is more difficult is that most of the MOAs are severely damaged after accidents, and it is difficult to study them. The reason is used to optimize the full life cycle management of MOA. This article describes a case in which partial discharge defects were detected in an MOA that passed the conventional test by HFCT partial discharge detection technology, proving the necessity of increasing the detection dimension of MOA technology. This study can reduce the forced outage rate of MOA, and provides a very valuable reference and guidance for MOA condition maintenance.


The graph  is a pair of sets , where  is a finite set whose elements are called vertices, and  is the set of pairs of members of .  which is called the edge. Let  be a simple graph where . The distance between points  and  is denoted by  is the length of the shortest path between  and . Given  and there is a vertex  on the connected graph , then the distance between  and  is denoted . If  is -partition of , then the representation of  with respect to is -ordered pairs, . If the -ordered pairs  for   are all different, then the partition is called a dimension partition. The minimal -number which is the -differentiating partition of  is called the partition dimension of  and is denoted by . In this study, the partition dimensions of the sided amalgamation result will be determined on an even-order cycle graph. In determining the dimensions of the partition, characterization of the partition dimensions is used in the path graph, the lemma about the distinguishing set and the equivalence point, especially in the even-order cycle graph. The results of this study are pd(Amal(Cn,e,k)) = 3 for n≥4 ,  pd(Amal(C4,e,k))=4 for k=4 , pd(Amal(C4,e,k))=3+m for  k=2m+3 and k=2m+4  where m=1,2,3,...


Until recently, most history books were written as political history. They were the history of the winners of political and military battles. As is true of so many things, history has diversified. As the social sciences developed, it became fashionable to write social and economic history. These works added a new perspective that was badly needed, but they often neglected the political views of the time. Like the old political histories, they were guilty of omissions. Most of the historical studies of the English police have failed to offer an in depth analysis of the politics of the time. This is unfortunate, particularly in the light of the fact that contemporary criminologists recognize the pervasive influence that the world of politics has over the criminal justice system. The purpose of this essay is twofold: to examine briefly the structure of English government and the political process during the eighteenth century and to explore the impact each had on the Committees of Inquiry, which were formed to investigate the police of metropolitan London.


Field experiments were conducted to select winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar(s) that were competitive to downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE). Downy brome significantly reduced winter wheat grain yields of all cultivars by 9 to 21% at Lincoln, while at North Platte yield reduction ranged from 20 to 41% depending upon cultivar. 'Turkey' was the most competitive cultivar to downy brome but it had the lowest grain yield. Compared to 'Centurk 78', 'Centura' at Lincoln and 'SD 75284' at North Platte proved to be significantly higher yielding and more competitive to downy brome. Winter wheat tiller number, canopy diameter, and plant height were negatively correlated with downy brome yield, but changes in these growth parameters did not always translate into grain yield advantage in downy brome-infested plots. Based on stepwise regression analysis, wheat height was better correlated with reduction in downy brome yield than were canopy diameter or number of tillers.


1Laboratory work is essential in the study of physics. The primary goals of introductory physics laboratories have been evolving over the past century. The current impetus for changes in laboratory instruction stems from new research on student learning and technology, as well as changes in the overall goals of physics instructors. T h e purpose of this document is to develop a set of corn-mon goals for laboratory instruction that can serve as a guide to those responsible for designing and evaluating introductory physics laboratory programs.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
 Hematoma expansion (HE), the leading cause of neurological deterioration after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we explored whether common genetic variants in within the hemostasis pathway were related to hematoma expansion during the acute period after ICH.

 METHODS:
 Patients with spontaneous ICH admitted to the instutional Neuro-ICU from 2009 to 2011 were enrolled in the study (Table 1) and clinical data were collected prospectively. Hematoma size was measured volumetrically for CT scans obtained on or before post-bleed day 2. Baseline models for hematoma growth were construted using backwards-stepwise logistic regression. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms for 15 genes (Table2) involved in hemostasis was performed and the results were individually included in the above baseline models to test for independent association with hematoma expansion.

 RESULTS:
 During the study period, eighty-two patients were enrolled in the study and had complete data. Mean age was 65.9±14.9 and 38% were female. Only von willebrand factor (vWF) was associated with absolute and relative hematoma growth in univariate analysis (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively); vWF genotype was independently predictive of relative hematoma growth but only approached significance for absolute hematoma growth (p=0.006 and p=0.097, respectively).

 CONCLUSIONS:
 Our genomic analysis of various hemostatic factors identified vWF as a potential predictor of HE in patients with ICH. The identification of vWF SNPs may allow us to better identify patients who are at risk for hematoma enlargement and will benefit the most from treatment. The relationship of vWF with regards to hematoma enlargement in a larger population warrants further study.


We have developed OMX-4.80, a tunable oxygen carrier from the H-NOX protein family, that preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue, reduces hypoxia and enhances radiotherapy (RT). Tumor hypoxia is associated with poor patient outcomes in multiple solid tumors including glioblastoma (GB) and is thought to be a major contributor to poor cancer responses to chemo and radiation therapy. Here, we show that OMX-4.80 administered i.v. into the tail vein of mice bearing orthotopic GB passes the blood-tumor barrier, penetrates deep into intracranial tumors, and significantly reduces tumor hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner. Hypoxia reduction is demonstrated by a significant decrease in levels of hypoxia inducible factor, HIF1α, and the external hypoxia marker pimonidazole as assessed by IHC and image analysis. Furthermore, hypoxia before and after treatment is compared in the individual tumors by concurrent immunostaining of tumors with a long-term hypoxia marker, Glut1, and short-lived HIF-1α. These data reveal >50% reduction in hypoxic tumor area after OMX-4.80 treatment confirming the effectiveness of OMX-4.80 in reducing hypoxia in individual tumors. When OMX-4.80 treatment was coupled with a single high dose of RT, we observed a 2.7-fold increase in tumor growth delay and 2.9-fold longer survival (p < 0.05, by logrank). Toxicology studies in rodents and dogs with single and multiple supratherapeutic doses of OMX-4.80 revealed a good safety profile affirming its suitability for clinical development. In conclusion, our results indicate that OMX-4.80 is an effective and promising RT enhancer that warrants clinical development in GB patients.


The vertical steel bar bending forming is a kind of new process of bending method. The bending speed, bending radius and clamping length H which is the parameters of vertical steel bar bending machine , is directly affect the quality of bending forming parts. This paper calculated the length of reinforcement before being incised and the springback angle of bending steel bar which obtained the reasonable cutting length and bending Angle; Then based on rigid-flexible virtual prototype technology to build the dynamics model of vertical steel bar bending system. Through simulation analysis ,it obtained the relationship between bending speed, bending radius , clamping length H and forming quality of bending steel bar. In this paper, the analysis method have reference value to the design of similar steel bar bending machines.


Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland(Received 24 March 2004; revised version 25 October 2004; accepted 31 January 2005)ABSTRACTThe effect of inulin on diet intake, excreta output, microbial ecosystem and concentrations of short chain fatty acids in rat's caecum was investigated on twenty one, 8-week old male Wistar rats. The animals were divided randomly into three experimental groups of 7 rats each, which were kept in individual cages. Three experimental isoprotein and isoenergetic diets were prepared providing different source and amount of fermentable carbohydrate. The control diet contained 5% of potato starch, while the IN-5 and the IN-10 diet contained 5 and 10% of inulin, respectively. Rats were fed these diets and provided distilled water ad libitum for 10 weeks. Dietary intake was monitored daily, weight gain was recorded twice a week. Between 30 and 41 day of experiment 10-day balance study was performed to determine diet intake and excreta output. Transit time was determined with the help of chlorophiline (0.5% diet weight) as a colour marker. At the end of experiment, after 12-h starvation, rats were sacrificed by thiopental injection and dissected to obtain samples of caecal digesta. Inclusion of 5 and 10% of inulin in the rat's diet did not affect significantly feed intake, excreta output, its water content and transit time. However, in rats fed high-inulin diet a tendency to a higher water content of excreta and decrease of transit time was observed. Concentration of the volatile fatty acids in caecum, specially the butyrate, was significantly higher in rats fed inulin supplemented diets, however without changing their mutual proportions. Inulin inclusion in the diet, led to changes in caecal microflora populations, total counts of the coli form and anaerobic bacteria dropped. Comparing to control group the 10% inclusion of inulin led lowered the number of total coli form and anaerobic bacteria.KEYWORDS: rat, inulin, intake, excreta, caecum, microflora, volatile fatty acids


Dear Sir, We appreciate the interest of Dr. Durand and colleagues in our study "In vivo radionuclide uptake quantification using a multi-pinhole SPECT system to predict renal function in small animals" [1], in which we showed a high agreement between the radioactivities determined in vivo by SPECT and ex vivo in a gamma counter. We would like to take this opportunity to respond to their specific comments:


Per Bylund's The Problem of Production offers an original contribution to the theory of the firm, what might be called "an unlocking theory of the firm" in which firms unlock doors to projects that were not introduced into the market and were not tested by it. Building a theory from Austrian foundations, Bylund avoids many of the problems present in previous theories. Rather than adopting a limiting Coasian view of the firm, Bylund suggests that firms are not derived from markets, but that markets are developed by the entrepreneurs who created firms.


A descriptive and longitudinal study of 53 hype rtensive adults belong ing to the doctor's office No. 55 of "Jose Marti Perez" University Polyclinic in Sant...


BACKGROUND
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. Tularemia presents with various clinical illnesses, but meningitis is rare.

OBJECTIVES
To describe a patient who developed typhoidal tularemia with atypical acute meningitis and to review the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, and antibiotic drug treatment of reported cases of tularemic meningitis.

DESIGN
Case study and literature review.

SETTING
University hospital, tertiary care center.

PATIENT
A 21-year-old healthy man who had recently worked as a professional landscaper in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, metropolitan area developed fever, malaise, headache, and a stiff neck.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Francisella tularensis cerebrospinal fluid culture, antibiotic sensitivity, transmission source, and outcome.

RESULTS
The cerebrospinal fluid contained a lymphocytic pleocytosis, negative Gram stain, and F tularensis isolation with chloramphenicol and streptomycin antibiotic sensitivities.

CONCLUSIONS
Although tularemia is uncommon and tularemic meningitis is rare in the United States, attention is drawn to the increasing number of cases in professional landscapers, the atypical cerebrospinal fluid picture, and unusual antibiotic sensitivities.


Objectives. To evaluate the effect of cellular genes FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205 on the reproduction of the influenza A virus in A549 human lung cancer cell line.Methods. The work was carried out using the equipment of the center for collective use of the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera (Russia). The virus-containing fluid was collected within three days from the moment of transfection and infection and the intensity of viral reproduction was assessed by viral titration and hemagglutination reaction. The viral RNA concentration was determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To calculate statistically significant differences between groups, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used.Results. In cells treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted at FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205 genes, a significant decrease in their expression and indicators of viral reproduction (virus titer, hemagglutinating activity, viral RNA concentration) was observed at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.1. Additionally, it was found that a decrease in the expression of target genes using siRNA does not lead to a significant decrease in cell survival. The viral titer in cells treated with siRNA FLT4.2, Nup98.1, and Nup205 on the first day was lower by an average of 1.0 lg, and on the second and third days, by 2.2–2.3 lg, compared to cells treated with nonspecific siRNA. During real-time RT-PCR, a significant decrease in the concentration of viral RNA was observed with siRNA Nup98.1 (up to 190 times) and Nup205 (up to 30 times) on the first day, 26 and 29 times on the second day, and 6 and 30 times on the third day, respectively. For FLT4.2 siRNA, the number of viral RNA copies decreased by 23, 18, and 16 times on the first, second, and third days. Similar results were obtained when determining the hemagglutinating activity of the virus. The hemagglutinating activity on the third day most strongly decreased in cells treated with siRNA Nup205 and FLT4.2 (16 times). In cells treated with siRNA FLT4.1, Nup98.1, and Nup98.2, hemagglutinating activity decreased by 8 times.Conclusions. In the present study, three cellular genes (FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205) were identified—the decrease in the expression of which effectively suppresses viral reproduction— and the original siRNA sequences were obtained. The results obtained are important for creating therapeutic and prophylactic medication, whose action is based on the RNA interference mechanism.


The sequential reactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibited autophagic flux in neurons exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), which was characterized by reduction of autophagosome formation and restriction of autolysosome degradation. However, its detailed molecular mechanism was still unknown. In this study, we further explore the existing form of mTOR and its suppression on the transcriptional levels of related mRNA from neurons exposed to ischemia‐reperfusion injury.


Using a retroviral vector, an efficient expression ofthe HBVX gene was achieved. Molecularanalysis ofisolated cellular DNA showed integrity ofthe provirus and Northern hybridization confirmed functionality ofthe integrated provirus. The tests of , transformedphenotyperevealed the mutatedHBVX gene totransform NIH3T3 cells more efficiently than the wild type gene. e KeyWords:


Resumo This work addresses a multidisciplinary partnership action between computing and digital and women's rights, involving organization OAB/AM and university UFAM, through project Cunhantã Digital, for the development of a free and easy-to-use mobile phone application, to be one more form of defense for women in a situation of possible danger or even in real danger. The app SOS El@s sends an SMS message and other information to trusted contacts, as well as automatically opens a call to the police, using external buttons on the cell phone. A mixed team of developers was formed, with an emphasis on the participation of women but also with male students, from 03 undergraduate courses in Computing from University UFAM. This action was challenging in many ways, but successful. The application in a Beta version is available for use.


Human behavior is an important factor contributing to environmental degradation. Therefore, it is important for us to recognize the importance of environmental care early on and teach it to the younger generation. The purpose of this service is to increase environmental awareness among students through greening activities at MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Tukulrejo Kec. Giriwoyo Kab. Wonogiri. The method of implementing this service is community building through remote work of school children, especially students. The result of the service is the formation of students' ecological awareness of the environment through the implementation of greening activities such as planting trees and making parks by utilizing used objects such as bottles as pots. Students' concern for the environment can be expressed in various ways, including by enthusiastically participating in all KKN-DIK activities led by students.


Soil organic matter changes due to cropping in the semi-arid tropics were studied in an area with cropping potential. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) decreased after clearing and tillage, but decline was less where pasture-crop rotations were used. Crop N removal was high and exceeded the recommended fertiliser N rate. These results suggest that if cropping expansion occurs, careful management the is necessary for long-term productivity and land resource protection.


Artemisia lehmanniana Bunge. is a genus of small herbs and shrubs found in northern temperate regions. It belongs to the important family compositae(Asteraceae). The chemical composition of the  essential oilsfrom aerial parts of A.lehmanniana growing wild in Iran has been studied. Oils were obtained byhydrodistillation(HD), microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) methods and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Nine compounds were identified in essential oil from plant was extracted using HD representing 94.7% of the total oil. The main constituents of the oil were camphor(52.7%),1,8-cineol(21.2%), cis -thujone(8.2%) and octane(5.0%).Ten compounds were identified in essential oil from plant was extracted using MAHD representing 96.5% of the total oil.The main constituents of the oil were camphor(40.8%),1,8-cineole(30.9%), trans -thujone (8.5%) and camphene(7.0%). five compounds were identified in essential oil from plant was extracted using SPME representing 97.7% of the total oil. The main constituents of oil were camphor(40.8%),1,8-cineol(32.9%),cis-thujone(12.0%) and camphene(6.7%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12044 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 25-27


Permanent metallic coronary stents limit restenosis after angioplasty by immediately holding back intimal flaps and by preventing late vessel recoil. However, such stents may provoke an excessive healing response, which contributes to restenosis. Stents coated with antiproliferative drugs counteract intimal proliferation but are associated with delayed healing and late stent thrombosis. Therefore, the prospect of a …


A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in "Fe Dora Beris" Estomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba from July to December, 2014, with the objective of evaluating the quality of the professional performance as for making individual medical records, by means of the methodology proposed to such effects. The study was carried out in 2 stages: the first one consisted of the preparation of the evaluation process and the second one in the implementation of the evaluation, for which criteria, indicators and standards were established. In general sense, a better quality was evidenced in making this legal document, so that the results were adequate.


The need for quality assurance in early childhood care education cannot be swept under the carpet. It's enhanced the quality of the process that produce the children who would be the leaders  of tomorrow, these include policy documentation and implementation as it's affect national development in the scope of child upbringing. The quality of the process depends largely on proper supervision, monitoring, assessing and evaluation of the system. Therefore, the paper will examine the concept of education, concept of quality assurance, as its affect early childhood care education, the challenges of that as it hinders quality assurance in early childhood care education, concept of national development, suggestions and conclusion. The paper ends by recommending that there should be a good and equipped quality assurance unit in all our early childhood care development centres and institution to enhance quality service delivery in Nigeria.


A change in the cross‐sectional area of a duct or pipe due to the presence of an obstruction will modify the eigenfrequencies of that system. A technique is presented for determining the blockage area function of a pipe or duct based upon the concept of these eigenfrequency shifts but using resonance and antiresonance frequencies determined from a single measurement of sound pressure within a duct. The technique is shown to be capable of revealing the location and size of single and multiple obstructions to a high degree of accuracy. The technique has also been successfully applied to the detection, location and sizing of small holes in duct walls. The position of a hole in the duct wall is revealed as the beginning of an apparent gradual expansion in the reconstructed blockage area function emanating from an initial positive dc shift. Once the hole has been located, an impedance model of the duct incorporating the size and location of the hole and the measured wave number at the first‐order duct resonanc...


The competition of the 21st century is the competition of technology and talents. Facing the challenge of the 21st century, we must carry out reforms on the higher education and promote quality-oriented education, arm our minds with new educational ideas, reform traditional teaching models and establish new models in which emphasis is laid on the cultivation of students' creativity and implementing ability so as to improve the quality of our citizens.


We developed a new prepulse scheme, D2SDE, inspired by filter-probe double diffusion scheme for improved visualization of MR Neurography in the lumbosacral and sciatic nerves. This technique may be useful for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of lumbosacral plexus pathology.


Male factor abnormalities account for 30 to 50% of all infertility cases [1]. Nowadays it is clear that genetic abnormalities are a significant cause of male infertility, with about 20% of patients with sperm defects presenting gene mutations [2]. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allowed the exponential increase in knowledge of new genes involved in male infertility, offering an enormous amount of data in a fast way [3]. Currently, whole exome sequencing (WES) is the most used approach to study the genetics of infertility. Although WES covers only the coding regions of the genome, it is cost-effective and the data are easy to interpret. Also, there is a high likelihood of identifying significant variants, since approximately 85% of disease-causing mutations are thought to occur in gene coding regions [4]. On the other hand, whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis provides the most complete information of the genetic variants in an individual, but there are still regions (repetitive or satellite) that cannot be sequenced by WGS. Also, WGS is too pricey (too time and labour consuming) for most research and clinical laboratories, the data produced are technically demanding, and their functional interpretation is challenging, with most of the information gathered having an unknown meaning [5]. Nevertheless, it is becoming clear that non-coding regions of the Commentary Pereira and Sousa; ARRB, 8(5): 1-4, 2015; Article no.ARRB.20263 2 genome also play crucial roles in normal physiology and development, namely in testis and epididymis development and in spermatogenesis [6,7]. Non-coding regions of the genome were already found to be useful for disease diagnosis (e.g. expression profiles of micro RNA are able to accurately identify the origin of some tumours, enabling their classification), prognosis (in some tumours), and therapies (RNA-based and RNA-targeted therapies) [8]. Thus, non-coding regions of the genome should not be forgotten in the biomedical research and, consequently, WES is not enough: There is an urgent need that WGS becomes the standard approach. For that to happen, the inherent costs should decrease, and extremely high-performance computing and intensive bioinformatics support have to be developed.


We present a general method for calculating the Casimir force between heterostructures using an effective surface impedance approach. Within this formalism we study the effect of thin film coatings on the force. As a case study we present results for a system made of alternate layers of Mg and Ni and evaluate the effect that Pd coatings have on the Casimir force.


Abstract The morphology of "adjectives" in Southern Guaykuruan (SG) languages (Pilagá, Toba and Mocoví) includes forms that look more like nouns (they manifest both gender and number categories) and forms that look like verbs (they inflect for number, but not for gender). Gender affixes on adjectives coincide with gender markers used for nouns. However, adjectives do not share the feature of possession with nouns. Furthermore, most adjectives, or PROPERTY CONCEPT WORDS that inflect for number and gender are in the semantic categories of color and dimension. Words denoting properties, states and qualities which have only number are more verb-like. These translate as adjectives, do not occur with a copula, and can take verbal inflection (aspect, directionality, negation). Some adjectival concepts are expressed by full-fledged verbs, with the subject pronominal prefix functioning as the sole argument of the predicate. There are also a few adjectives with unknown etymologies that cannot be synchronically derived from nouns or verbs. We conclude that in SG languages there is a class of prototypical nouns at one end of a continuum and another class of prototypical verbs at the other end of this continuum. In addition, there are two classes of property concept words within the continuum that are realized as nominal adjectives and verbal adjectives. Situated in the middle of this continuum is a small group of words that show neither derivational nor inflectional categories.


The most important content of network information resource management is to discern the target of information characteristic correctly and choose the right management mode,but classifying information resources clearly is that we face a problem firstly that the third internet network resources management in practice.We should analyze and set about the third generation of Internet network essential feature and general course of information management,combine the basic course of network information resources management of the third generation internet,design the scientific and new mode of internet network information resources management.


Carbon emissions trading and carbon tax are the major mechanisms for international greenhouse gas emissions reduction. As for Chinese power industry,mechanisms in line with national conditions and power quotation are significant for its low-carbon development.The theoretical foundations of carbon emissions trading and carbon taxes are elaborated,based on which the application models of two trading mechanisms are studied.For the next,the abatement costs and emission reduction effects of two mechanisms are compared.Finally,selecting proposals for long-term emissions reduction mechanisms which are suitable for the low-carbon technology development of power industry in China are put forward.In a comprehensive view,the two kinds of mechanisms both have advantages and disadvantages in the abatement costs and reduction effects,but no confrontation.It is recommended that choose to apply different mechanisms in different phases.


The present study was attempted to investigate the characteristics of epibatidine on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland, and to establish the mechanism of action. Epibatidine (3⁓108 M) injected into an adrenal vein produced a great inhibition in secretory response of CA from the perfused rat adrenal gland. However, upon the repeated injection of epibatidine (3⁓108 M) at 15 min-intervals, CA secretion was rapidly decreased after second injection of epibatidine. However, there was no statistical difference between CA secretory responses of both 1st and 2nd periods by the successive administration of epibatidine at 120 min-intervals. Tachyphylaxis to releasing effects of CA evoked by epibatidine was observed by the repeated administration. Therefore, in all subsequent experiments, epibatidine was not administered successively more than twice only 120 min-intervals. The epibatidine-induced CA secretion was markedly inhibited by the pretreatment with atropine, chlorisondamine, pirenzepine, nicardipine, TMB-8, and perfusion of Ca2-free Krebs solution containing EGTA, while was not affected by diphenhydramine. Moreover, the CA secretion evoked by ACh for 1st period (0∼4 min) was greatly potentiated by the simultaneous perfusion of epibatidine (1.5⁓108 M), but followed by time-dependently gradual reduction after 2nd period. The CA release evoked by high potassium (5.6⁓108 M) for 1st period (0∼4 min) was also enhanced by the simultaneous perfusion of epibatidine, but those after 2nd period were not affected. Taken together, these experimental data suggest that epibatidine causes catecholamine secretion in a calcium dependent fashion from the perfused rat adrenal gland through activation of neuronal cholinergic (nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors located in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. It also seems that epibatidine-evoked catecholamine release is not relevant to stimulation of histaminergic receptors.


The formation characteristics and mechanism of SiC on Si and metal silicides have been studied by backscattering and channeling effect techniques. It is concluded that whereas the composition ratios of SiC layer are close to unity for all cases, the growth rates are different for different cases. The qualities of SiC layers have also been evaluated by reflection electron diffraction analysis as well as by channeling effect technique. The results indicate that SiC layer on Si is single crystal in nature, SiC layer on TiSi2 has a preferential orientation and SiC layer on NiSi2 is amorphous or composed of polycrystals.


The brightness control method based on PWM is introduced. The difficult problems and key technology of digital LED screen are analyzed. The design of scanning controller for large scale LED screen is discussed,and a solution of scanning controller based on FPGA is proposed. The experiment results showed that the structure of the newly-designed scanning controller was flexible,its performance is excellent,and the LED screen controlled by this scanner is suitable for indoor and outdoor video display.


This article addresses the issues related to the problem of classification of mental disorders in psychiatry in the context of the fifth edition of the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  (DSM-V). First, some background information is provided on the history of the classification of mental disorders and the evolution that DSM has had over time is shown. Secondly, the delimitation of the normal and the pathological in psychiatry is investigated through Canguilhem's medical-philosophical thought. Thirdly, the biopolitical management of psychic sufferings is reflected in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V and its increasing medicalization. Finally, an approach to the concepts of health and disease in Canguilhem is made as it incorporates existential and experiential variables absent in the DSM-V classifications and in the psychiatric diagnosis.


The eastern deep-water area of the basin, including acreage held by OMV New Zealand, is undrilled and the details of its history remain largely unknown. OMV has carried out a rigorous play-based exploration workflow that shows the main critical risks for the basin and the key synand post rift plays. It also offers the possibility to integrate dynamic well data and well failure mechanisms, so that early exploration activities can be focussed on the important aspects of the most valuable plays. This basin-focused approach and the in-depth petroleum system understanding forms the basis for OMVs subsequent play focused approach, which quantifies the various aspects of the system within each play and uses tools such as common risk segment mapping to highlight sweet spots within each play.


The replica argument for the computation of entanglement entropy is based on Rényi entropies computed over cyclic branched coverings of a Riemann surface. The recent development of a p-adic approach to AdS/CFT holography suggests that this computational method should have an analog in p-adic geometry. The purpose of this survey paper is to outline some aspects of p-adic geometry that are naturally related to the problem of formulating an analog of the usual replica argument for entanglement entropy in the context of p-adic holography.