of Diss ertation Th~ pres~nce of contaminants in parenteral sol~tions is a constant nemesis against whic h pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as medical, pharmacy , and nursing practitioners mus t vigilantly struggle to prov i de quality healt h care. At each level in the parenteral drug delivery system, contamination is possibl~ bc(ore the patient actually receives the infusion. The imple~entation of better practices and procedures conti n ues in the que s t of conta minan t-free parenterals. ~ e vertheless , the literature is replete with articles documenting contamination of parenteral ~edication . foreign body particulate matter has been found sequestered in the lungs of patients who have received intravenous therapy. The entrap~ent of forei~n bodies can occur in other body organs besides the lungs. The hazardous effects of this partic ~ late matter has been the subject of much concern. Other forms of parenteral contaminants have been reported in the liter~ture. These include both bacterial and fu"gal contaminants. Contaminant detection in parenteral solutions has been r.ccompli511ed by several methods . Thes e have included: visua l inspection , nephe lometric methods , methods of me~brane filtrati on with suhsequent microscopic examination, and methods emplbyin~ various electronic adaptatibns . No references have been published describing vi ral contamination of pnrenterals or r.1e t hods for viral det2ction in parenteral sol~tiuns . Yet, viral contaminants infused directly into the blood of a pa tient May be of grave clinical sig nifican ce . Thus, the objective of thi5 project was to develop a met~oj for detecting the presence of vir~sus in small and bulk pare nt. cr<Jl solutions. Both s mall and large volumes of Sodium Chl oride Inj~ction U.S . P. and S percent Dextrose Injection U. S .P . were i noculated ~ith 100 I.U . or 1 I. U. of Tcbaccq ~1q?aic Virus (TMV) per ml of solution . The contents of these parenterals were concen trated to a retentate vo!une using molecular filtra~ion . The retentate volume was examined for viral content using transmiss i on electron microscopy with negative staining techni~ues . Efficacy was determined by comparison of the results of the contaminated controls wit h the contaminated test groups . Statistically significa"t differences we re observed between the co"trol yroups, wnich were not ~ubjected to t he test met hod , and the t est uroups for bot h s mall and large volume ' parenteral solutions . Efficiency, which denotes the viral conta~ination l P. vel at which viruses are detectable, was determined by comp~ring the control groups of uncontaminated p a rentera l sol utio ns wit h conta~lnated test gr~up~ of the same solutions . Both gruu ps were subjected to the •est r.1ethodology . The control and the test groups showed stat i~tic a lly significant differences 3t t he 100 and the 1 I. li. TrW contaninntion levels . The results s howed thnt the defined ~etnod of viral detection i s ef ficacious and efficient at t he t ested TMV contamin<Jtio n levels . This method could probably be applied to the detection of other viral contaminants of p a renteral solutions as well as to bio l ogica l viral analys ~s methods .


1. Many horses immunised against other bacteria or bacterial products will give a large local reaction to mallein, but this is usually not associated with a rise in temperature. In the case of horses injected with diphtheria toxin, the size of the swelling appears to related to the degree of immunity attained. This point has not yet been established in the case of horses immunised against other bacterial products. 2. This local reaction disappears rapidly and can thus be distinguished from the reaction in the case of glandered horses. 3. In the few cases when a rise in temperature took place (3 cases out of 56) the curve was markedly different from that obtained in the case of glandered animals. 4. Other bacterial products react similarly to mallein upon immune horses.


This paper is an overview of low dielectric constant (low-k) materials developed for advanced interconnects and also presents recent innovative solutions for integration of ultra low-k dielectrics in ULSI devices. The innovative approaches include exploration of new candidate materials and technological solutions for interconnects integration in advanced technology nodes.


It might be worthwhile to explore the possibility of developing personal / task cooling strategies that use radiant and conductive means of heat transfer; assisted by appropriate ventilation strategies as part of Task / Ambient Conditioning (TAC) approaches, as against cooling an entire volume of air in a space. Apart from energy savings, these strategies could potentially lend themselves to an adaptive model of thermal comfort, with greater occupant control over their thermal environment, which would further lead to enhanced occupant satisfaction and improved productivity. This paper explores the application of radiant and conductive strategies to TAC with an experimental simulation setup for analysis of the same; presents the methodology used in the analysis of such hybrid / composite systems and concludes with a comparative analysis of TAC (using radiation and conduction) with conventional air-conditioning; in terms of comfort - in the specific context of an office setting, for space cooling. The tool used for this research is the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software developed by Flomerics Inc.; Flovent™ Version 4.1. The analysis of flow and heat transfer in buildings and an ability to predict thermal comfort are the principal applications for which this software was developed.


The nutriments of the Sonchus arvensis , a kind of edible wild vegetable growing in central Shandong, was determined. The contents of main nutritional compoent of the wild vegetable was similal or superior to that of common vegetables. It was found that Sonchus arvensis contains 18 kinds of amino acids, including 8 essential amino acids (EAA), The EAA/TAA=37.3%, which approximated that of reference protein model proposed by WHO/FAO.


A method of high precision for the measurement of critical potentials. Precision in critical potential measurements in the past has been seriously limited by the lack of homogeneity in velocities of the electrons. This source of error has been eliminated by separating out magnetically electrons of definite velocities. The electron beams used in the present experiments were not characterized by great homogeneity in velocities but by sharp upper limits to their velocity distributions. Critical potentials were measured as the differences between two retarding potentials---the smallest retarding potential preventing the entrance of the electrons into the Faraday cylinder type of ionization chamber and the largest retarding potential for which the effect under investigation is observed---thereby eliminating errors due to contact electromotive forces.


We investigate the effects of the misspecification of cointegrating(CI) ranks at other frequencies on the inference of seasonal models at the frequency of interest; our study includes tests for CI ranks and estimation of CI vectors. Earlier studies focused mostly on a single frequency corresponding to one seasonal root at a time, ignoring possible cointegration at the remaining frequencies. We investigate the effects of the mis-specification, especially in finite samples, by adopting Gaussian reduced rank(GRR) estimation by Ahn and Reinsel (1994) that considers cointegration at all frequencies of seasonal unit roots simultaneously. It is observed that the identification of the seasonal CI rank at the frequency of interest is sensitive to the mis-prespecification of the CI ranks at other frequencies, mainly when the CI ranks at the remaining frequencies are underspecified.


The present paper deals with an investigation of the image formation properties of As40Se60 thin layers and their application for the production of diffractive optical elements. Thin layers (0.5 - 5 micrometers ) were deposited by the vacuum thermal evaporation and exposed by a Xe-lamp or annealed at 150 degree(s)C. The spectral dependence of the index of refraction, n, of variously treated samples was obtained using Swanepoel method and the single-oscillator model parameters ((epsilon) , Eo, Ed) were estimated. Photo- and thermally induced changes of n, (epsilon) , Eo and Ed induced by exposure or by annealing are discussed on the basis of photo- and thermally induced structural changes, which were directly confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Such photostructural changes provide good etching selectivity of unexposed and exposed parts of As40Se60 layers in amine based solutions. This provides possibility for the fabrication of surface-relief patterns. The sensitivity of As40Se60 layers has been found to be approximately 10 cm2/J. Holographic diffraction gratings were produced by the Ar and/or HeNe laser exposure. Diffraction efficiency values of holographic gratings achieved approximately 90% for the polarized light. The results obtained show that As40Se60 inorganic resists can be used for the production of holographic diffraction gratings.


A high power, 140 GHz, cyclotron autoresonance maser (or CARM) amplifier is under development at the Plasma Fusion Center at M.I.T. Theory, simulations, and the experimental design are discussed. The experiment will employ a high voltage (450 - 700 kV) Pierce-type beam and a helical wiggler to produce the required electron beam. The initial experiment will be carried out using a 450 kV electron gun; the second phase of the experimental program will employ a 700 kV electron gun. First experimental operation is anticipated shortly. The details of the experimental design and theoretical analysis will be presented.


Two-dimensional agglomerates having various degrees of packing were formed by successive addition of uniform discs to a core by means of a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. Whether cohesion between discs occurred or not was determined by comparing the pseudo-random number generated at every collision with the cohesion probability P. The figures of agglomerates formed by this simulation method appear very similar to those of real agglomerates observed under a microscope. The void fraction of agglomerates and the average coordination number were calculated.


Electrochemical properties of the macrocyclic hexaamine cobalt(III) complex [Co( taetacn )]3+ and its macrotricyclic derivatives [Co( azasartacn )]3+, [Co( nosartacn )]3+, [Co( amsartacn )]3+, and [Co( amsartacnH )]4+ in water, acetonitrile and acetone are reported and compared with those of macrobicyclic analogues. The results show that the tricyclic cage complexes are reduced somewhat more readily than their bicyclic equivalents, implying that the cavity sizes for the tricyclic systems are somewhat larger.


The purpose of this RFC is to provide instructions for the synthesis of promoters in mammalian cells that are active at a desired cellular condition (where a cellular condition is specified by the activity of a set of transcription factors of interest). The method generates a library of promoters putatively active under the desired condition. This RFC also provides instructions on how to screen the libraries generated by this method in order to obtain functional promoters. Description of promoters generated by this method can be found at http://2009.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Project_Synthetic_promoters.


In light of power requirements for search missions, the rechargeable-battery and fuel-cell technologies that are expected to be available for these missions are identified, and areas of technology development that will be required for each energy-storage system are indicated. The general conclusions are that the nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen battery systems will be able to satisfy the space power needs through the early 1990s, after which a significantly higher-energy-density system will be required, particularly for geosynchronous and mid-altitude orbit missions. The sodium-sulfur battery is the only system projected to meet the requirements of the most power-intensive missions that are expected to operate in higher orbits by the mid-1990s. For low-earth-orbit missions the nickel-hydrogen battery system is expected to provide the required power levels, except in situations where very high peak-power levels are required. The hydrogen-oxygen regenerative fuel cell is best suited to satisfying the high peak power needs in large power systems, but must undergo significant development to obtain the needed system life.


Casearia guianensis (Aubl.) Urban var. rafflesioides Croat is described as new. It differs from the typical variety in having precocious flowers and in bearing branch-spines. Casearia stjohnii Johnston is considered only a variety of Casearia guianensis. It differs from both the typical variety and var. rafflesioides in having stouter, more densely pubescent pedicels, longer, darker-colored bracts, and by flowering later in the season. Xylosnma si vicola Standley and X. chloranthum Donn. Sm. are reported new to Panama. In the course of field work for the new Barro Colorado Island Flora, three interesting flacourtiaceous plants were encountered. After extensive field observations as well as library and herbarium studies, it is concluded that two are species new to Panama and that one is an undescribed taxon.


Abstract The GLC method of measurement of activity coefficients γ∞A Liquid-gas partition coefficients KR ο specific retention volumes Vg ο, capacity factors k', and excess thermodynamic properties of mixing of solutes at effective infinite dilution in polymeric solvents is considered. It is argued that while van't Hoff plots of any of the retention parameters can reveal subtle phase transitions exhibited by the solvent (the solutes are used as probes of the state of polymer aggregation), it is impractical to make measurements of most of these variables from the standpoints of both theory and experiment. A new method of characterizing the behavior of probe-solutes with polymeric solvents that is based upon evaluation of the slopes of family plots of log Vg ο against log PA ο is therefore described; where Pg ο is the solute vapor pressure at the column temperature. The ideal slope of such plots is -1, deviations from this value being a measure of departure from solution ideality. Results obtained for plots ...


AbstractControlled release capsules of tetracycline hydrochloride were prepared by coating of beads with eudragits employing spray technique. Effect of various factors influencing drug release from beads was evaluated. In vitro dissolution study was carried out following the N.F.XIV procedure of testing "Timed Release Tablets and Capsules In Vitro Test Procedure" using USP XX dissolution apparatus. Promising products were evaluated in vivo on human volunteers. Selected products were also subjected to stability studies.


Despite its widespread reputation, Adorno's remark is unclear. What is "garbage"? Is it a metaphor for ideology? He would not use such a cheap metaphor. As Adorno and Horkheimer had argued earlier: "The development toward total integration" produced a culture industry as a mechanism of totalitarian administration. In the era of fully developed capitalism, cultural institutions and mass media have become absorbed by multinational corporations and local or national governments that generously subsidize them. Today, cultural control and administration are much more important than economic operations. Indeed, economic operations cannot effectively function unless they are preceded by cultural efforts. The destruction of culture as an autonomous sphere was not a sudden accident of National Socialism, but the result of basic tendencies in bourgeois society that had long been antagonistic even toward its own literature.


Tha affaet of several rwagents on the oxidation rate of oand p -toluenesulphfohic acids and p~toiuenesuiphiqnamici© was as certained by potentiometric determination of cerium Iona concen tration. It was ahown that the transfer of the first electron is the step Halting the rate of these procease» in the reaction mixtures where perchloric ecld concentrations ora of the order of l«4 molo/I. while in tha case of concentrations of 8-10 mo le/1 the decisive step is the transfer of the fifth electron. In addition to this« benzoic acid w»s isolated and identified as one of the intermediate products arising during oxidation of the compounds under study.


ABSTRACT Forest covers about one-third of the land area of the conterminous United States (CONUS) and plays an important role in offsetting carbon emissions and supporting local economies. Growing interest in forests as relatively cost-effective nature-based climate solutions, particularly restoration and reforestation activities has increased the demand for information on forest regrowth and recovery following natural and anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. fire, harvest, or thinning). However, a wall-to-wall mapping of the CONUS tree regrowth duration at an annual time interval and 30-m resolution is still challenging. In this study, we utilized the annual land cover products to develop a dataset to quantify forest regrowth duration for CONUS over 1985–2017. The land cover data used to derive the tree regrowth duration map is from the primary land cover product in the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) collection. The LCMAP product used all available Landsat images to detect disturbances over forest and classify Grass/Shrub to Tree Cover transitions on an annual basis. The average regrowth duration was then calculated for each pixel. The regrowth duration map was validated using human-interpreted annual reference data that were collected independently. The validation results show 1 year of underestimation and 6-year standard deviation of error between the reference data and the regrowth duration map. In southeastern CONUS, where major tree regrowth activities have been observed, our map showed higher accuracy with less than one-year bias and 3.6 years standard deviation of error. Forest in the southeast took around 5 years to recover, which was faster than other regions of CONUS. Many pixels had multiple disturbances during the 33-year study period in the region. The spatial pattern of the tree regrowth indicated intense harvesting activities in this region. The Pacific Northwest coast region was the second main area of tree regrowth, but this region often took multiple decades to recover. Given the increasing interest in forests as nature-based climate solutions, the tree regrowth duration map can be used to assess reforestation activities as well as forest recovery following natural disturbance and harvesting.


The article reveals methodological approaches to the subjective assessment of public health and quality of life. It shows the scheme of stages of survey of respondents in administrative units and discusses the principles of its organization. The author gives the results of the survey of population of Kherson region about public health and quality of life. Then the author gives the scoring of studied phenomena and explains the features of territorial differentiation of individual performance indicators.


The nonlinear longitudinal equations of motion for AHFV's are characterized by a coupling due to the control surfaces as well as a significant coupling between engine and flight dynamics. In addition to these couplings the non-standard dynamic characteristics of AHFV's and uncertainties in the parameter values make the flight control design of these vehicles highly complex. In the presence of input coupling terms and uncertainties nonlinear control design using feedback linearization may not be possible. The reason is that the low order derivatives of the regulated outputs of the AHFV model contains an expression depending on the input and consequently this makes feedback linearization a highly challenging task. In this paper, we apply a methodology of using a feedback linearization base uncertainty modeling approach in order to design a nonlinear robust controller for an AHFV. In this paper we consider a more recent curve fitted model (CFM) model of an AHFV recently reported in the literature. This model contains an extra input in the form of a canard, input couplings and flexible effects. The main objectives achieved in this paper are the derivation of a control-oriented linearized uncertainty model (CLUM) based on the CFM and the design of a nonlinear robust tracking controller to track velocity and altitude step reference commands. The CLUM is developed by considering uncertain aerodynamic and inertial parameters. We assume that the uncertainties arising due to the couplings and parameters satisfy an integral quadratic constraint condition. This approach of modeling allow us to obtain a full vector relative degree system with respect to the regulated outputs of velocity and altitude, which is one of the conditions needed to be satisfied for feedback linearization. Based on the CLUM for the AHFV, a robust nonlinear tracking controller is constructed by using a minimax LQR approach. Simulation results using a curve fitted model (CFM) and varying uncertain parameters are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CLUM and minimax control design method. Furthermore, a Monte-Carlo type simulation has been performed to verify the stability and performance of the proposed controller for the greater ranges of uncertainties.


Objective Comparition outcome of stellate ganglion block combination with diorhosis (groupⅠ)with three dimension traction and therapy (group Ⅱ).Methods GroupⅠ(21 cases):stellate ganglion block with 0.8% lidocaine 10ml,once a day for ten days.combination with twice to three times diorhosis.group Ⅱ(21 cases),three dimension traction of cervical vertibra once a day for ten days,combination with herbs and vasodilator.Results There are significant differences in recent outcome between the two groups.Conclusion Stellate ganglion block balances the function of autonomic nerve system and improve the microcirculation of the head and the neck.Manipulation of the cervical vertibra corrects the rotation displacement and promotes the stabilization.The combination of stellate ganglion block combination with diorhosis is an effective methord of cervical vertigo.


The efficacy of fruit peelings and cow dung used as soil amendments each at the rates of 0, 4, 8, and 16t ha -1 in the control of root-knot nematodes on' okra was tested in two field trials at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan. The organic wastes were each ploughed 0,20m into the soil and were subjected to three decomposition periods of two, four and six weeks before okra seeds were sown. The plots that were not amended served as the control treatment. The layout was a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed a consistent decline in nematode population and increase in yield of okra with increasing rate of each soil amendment. Regardless of each type of organic waste, six week decomposed wastes reduced nematode populations and improved yield more than two-week decomposed manure. While the plants in fruit peelings amended soil recorded a higher level of nematode population reduction by 68.1% and resulted in a yield increase of 89.2% over the control, cow dung reduced nematode population by 64.6% with resultant yield increase of 30.9%. While the effect of year of study (Y) was not significant for the assessed parameters, the interaction between manure rate (M) at 16t ha -1 and decomposition period of six weeks recorded the best significant suppressive effect on nematode population and enhanced the yield of okra. The overall results thus suggest that the efficacy of fruit peelings was significantly better in nematode control, enhanced plant growth and yield response over the corresponding effect of cow dung on the measured parameters. Keywords : decomposition period, cow dung, fruit peelings, root-knot nematodes Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(1) 2004: 19-25


Chapter 1: Introduction (Adam Lowther) SECTION ONE: UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF TERRORISM Chapter 2: Terrorism: Its Goals, Targets, and Strategies (Craig Stapley) Chapter 3: Measuring the Enemy: Social Support for Islamist Terrorism (Gordon Bowen) Chapter 4: Terrorism and International Law: Past, Present, and Future (John Czarnetzky) SECTION TWO: THE TACTICS OF TERROR Chapter 5: Targeting: Terrorism and Non-Governmental Organizations Collide (Craig Stapley) Chapter 6: The Weapons of Mass Destruction Threat to the United States (Adam Lowther) Chapter 7: Purifying the Heart: Suicideor Jihadi Acts? (Russ Rodgers) SECTION THREE: SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL VARIABLES Chapter 8: A Social Psychological Perspective on Terrorist Behavior (Daniel Kennedy & Robert Homant) Chapter 9: Democracy, Terrorism, and University Engagement (Beverly Lindsay) SECTION FOUR: MOVING TOWARD THE FUTURE Chapter 10: Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Policy Research on Terrorism: Creating Authentic Solutions or Lingering Intellectual Debates (Beverly Lindsay) Bibliography About the Contributors


The business environment is continuously changing and organisations are dealing with the after-effects of a global economic slowdown as well. Organisations are under pressure to change the way they do business in order to remain competitive in a more demanding and cost-controlled environment. Many organisations have turned to restructuring as a strategic decision to realign internal structures with changing macro-environmental factors. Through restructuring they implement cost cutting by downsizing or re-engineering processes and closing down unprofitable divisions. The finding from this research is that, within the population studied, restructuring and damage to institutional trust affect the level of employee engagement. This finding was supported by statistical evidence which indicated that there is a high correlation between corporate restructuring, institutional trust and employee engagement and that a change in experience or perception of one of these constructs will affect the others accordingly. The conclusion drawn was that retaining the trust and commitment of employees is a central issue for companies in a highly competitive and changing environment. The article provides clear evidence of the possible negative implications of corporate restructuring and provides practical suggestions for limiting the potential problems.


After modeling the system as a linear time variant single degree-of-freedom system, a systematic methodology for the analysis of such behavior from a knowledge of the basement and roof records has been developed. By utilizing such noisy records, and incorporating any data available from pre- and post-earthquake vibration tests, the time varying coefficients of the differential equation, used to model the structure, have been identified using a minimum variance sequential filter. The technique has been used to analyze the response of a nine-story reinforced concrete structure during the San Fernando, Calif., earthquake of February 9, 1971. The results indicate that significant changes in the stiffness and damping characteristics, relative to those obtained during small amplitude vibration tests, could occur during the actual progress of strong ground shaking and that a proper knowledge of the pre-earthquake characteristics may be very useful in identification using strong ground motion records.


Wood formation and wood properties can be better understood if linked to developmental processes on the level of the entire tree, e.g., carbon allocation, shoot and foliage development, and the corresponding environmental variables that modulate the ongoing growth processes. Those relationships can be captured simultaneously in a "functional-structural tree model" as presented by Fernandez et al. (2011), or in models like "Cambium" (Drew and Downes 2015) that simulates xylogenesis, among others. Here, we present the results of the modelling of seasonal xylogenesis dynamics with Generalized Additive Mixed Models and its relationships to environmental variables and crown formation in Pinus radiata . The development of foliage, main apex and wood of 38 9-year-old Pinus radiata in an unmanaged stand for a complete growing season (June of Year 2009 to August of Year 2010). The site has a Mediterranean climate in the central region of Chile (34°40'12.52"S and 71°57'55.04"W) with a 6 months period of drought. Each 15 days at the beginning of the growing season and each 30 days later on, one microcore (2 mm diameter x 12 mm length) from each tree was collected using the Trephor tool (Rossi et al. 2006). Thin sections of 20 µm thickness were cut with the microtome, double-stained with safranine and astra blue and mounted on microscope slides using Canada balsam. To distinguish between cells with primary and secondary cell walls, the slides were scanned in both, visible and polarized light with a resolution of 0.49 µm px -1 using a color camera (Nikon DS-Fi2, 5 megapixels and 12-Bit colour depth, Nikon Corporation, Dusseldorf, Germany) mounted on a Nikon Eclipse Ni-E transmission light microscope. Following Rathgeber et al. (2011) the number of cells in the cambial zone and enlarging cells of the ongoing season were counted. Maturing and already mature cells were counted together, due the impossibility to differentiate between both in the samples. Cell production and development were modelled by Generalized Additive Mixed Models with day of year as fixed effect and individual trees as random effect (Cuny et al. 2013). Measurements of main apex length and foliage development were done concurrently during each sampling date. At each occasion, three sample trees were felled, their tree architecture described and measured, and discs from each growth unit collected for further wood ring analysis. The foliar biomass was collected and measured. Hourly environmental data were recorded at a nearby weather station, and a climate water balance was calculated. The Generalized Additive Mixed Models adequately described the cambial activity and particularly the second peak of xylem cell production during autumn. This behavior has been already observed in other Mediterranean species (Camarero et al. 2010). In our case, it corresponds to the rise of Net Primary Production (as estimated with the model proposed by Fernandez et al, 2011) (NPP in Figure 1c), due to the better growing conditions given in autumn because of early rainfalls and less evapotranspiration. Further data and discussion about the relation between xylogenesis, environmental variables and foliage and stem expansion data (here not shown) will be presented and discussed.


Vibriosis has become one of the most important bacterial diseases in marine cultured organisms in recent years. This study was focusing on isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased seabass (Lates calcarifer), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and seawater from Sri Tujuh lagoon in East Coast of Malaysia; also determination of antibiotic resistance patterns among Vibrio spp. Vibrio species isolated from diseased seabass in Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat, Kelantan were screened for their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by Kirby-Bauer method. A total of 47 isolates belonging to three different species were identified which are V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. alginolyticus. In this study, high incidence of erythromycin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole resistance was observed among the Vibrio isolates, whereas all isolates were susceptible to oxytetracycline. Vibrio isolates were 96% resistant to one or more different classes of antibiotic, and 17 different resistance patterns were identified. The MAR index of 0.4 indicating the Vibrio spp. in these farmed fish might have been indiscriminately and continuously exposed to those antibiotics during culturing stages of the fish. This study showed that multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. were common in diseased seabass and tilapia cultured at Sri Tujuh lagoon. These essential findings suggested involvement of seafood in transmission of these pathogen to human. In addition, oxytetracycline can be used as a treatment to combat vibriosis in diseased seabass and tilapia.


Abstract The use of a piezoelectric crystal (PC) electrode as the substrate for an iron film permits the real-time, in situ evaluation of both current and mass vs potential behavior. This combination of data is shown to be far more informative than conventional corrosion scan results. Linear potentiodynamic scans in 1.0 N Na2SO4 for iron films electrodeposited at current densities (CDs) from 20 to 400 mA/cm2 are described. The observed corrosion behavior is interpreted on the basis of hydrogen co-reduction influences.


Abstract An "animal protein factor" supplement prepared from Streptomyces aureofaciens fermentations was found to produce growth responses in chicks (Stokstad et al., 1949) and turkeys (McGinnis et al., 1949; Singsen and Matterson, 1949) in excess of the responses produced by vitamin B12. It has now been found that crystalline aureomycin hydrochloride will produce a growth response in turkey poults. White Holland turkey poults were placed on the following diet (McGinnis et al., 1949) at hatching: Ground yellow corn 20, ground wheat 14.5, soybean meal 56, alfalfa meal 2.5, ground limestone 3.5, bone ash 2.8, salt 0.5, vitamins A, D and E in corn oil (Stokstad et al., 1949) 1.0, choline chloride 0.1, manganese sulfate 0.025. Ten or eleven poults were used in each group and the results are shown in Table 1. A considerable number of cases of perosis were noted in all groups. In agreement with previous reports (McGinnis . . .


e18001 Background: Xevinapant is a first-in-class, oral IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor designed to restore cancer cell sensitivity to apoptosis, thereby enhancing the efficacy of RT and CRT. Xevinapant 200 mg/d (d1-14, Q3W) + CRT showed clinical benefit vs placebo + CRT in a phase (ph) 2 study of patients (pts) with LA SCCHN (NCT02022098). Exposure-response (E-R) relationships for efficacy and the composite safety endpoint of "mucositis and/or dysphagia" (AE_MD, a known RT-associated toxicity) were also identified. Two ph 3 studies of 200 mg/d xevinapant (d1-14, Q3W) + RT (XRay Vision; NCT05386550) or CRT (TrilynX; NCT04459715) followed by xevinapant monotherapy (MT) in pts with LA SCCHN are ongoing. We leverage the MOA of xevinapant to confirm RP3D strategy. Methods: Results from clinical and preclinical studies and quantitative pharmacology modeling were integrated. Results: Updated analyses of NCT02022098 data show an association between complete response (CR) and AE_MD in both treatment arms; AE_MD was the only AE with identified E-R relationship out of 13 AEs tested. In the xevinapant arm, the CR+AE_MD+ group had the highest median AUC but it overlapped with other groups (CR-AE_MD+, CR+AE_MD-, CR-AE_MD-) which all had similar AUCs. These data suggest that AE_MD is related to the RT-enhancing MOA of xevinapant and that decoupling efficacy from AE_MD incidence by exposure modulation is not feasible. Intermittent dosing for xevinapant was designed for recovery from epithelial toxicities considering the turnover of mucosal cells. In a human breast cancer mouse model, cIAP1 degradation with the intermittent regimen (100 mg/kg Q3D) at the end of the dosing interval was ~50% compared with the continuous one (30 mg/kg QD) expected to maintain maximal (max) cIAP1 degradation, but showed similar efficacy. This suggests continuous max cIAP1 degradation may not be required for efficacy, consistent with RT-enhancing MOA. Based on population PKPD modeling, at the RP3D for xevinapant max cIAP1 degradation was achieved during the dosing period; 91% of pts had at least 50% suppression at the end of the cycle. Xevinapant MT cycles are supported by enhanced anti-tumor activity with extended MT dosing following xevinapant/ RT cycles in MC38 syngeneic mouse model. Food-agnostic dosing is supported by similar AUCs observed in fed and fasted conditions. A human ADME study showed that urinary excretion is a minor elimination pathway, supporting no dose adjustment for pts with moderate renal impairment. Conclusions: Integrated assessment of all available clinical and nonclinical data supports the proposed RP3D strategy for xevinapant combined with RT or CRT, selected to maximize efficacy while minimizing potential adverse events and cumulative toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT02022098 .


One day towards the end of the eighth century the scribe of cod. Paris. Lat. 7530, a miscellany to which we owe the carmen de figuris (anth. Lat. Ries. 485, P. L. M. Baehr. III pp. 273–85), began to copy out for us, on the 28th leaf of the MS, the Thyestes of Varius. He transcribed the title and the prefatory note, which run thus: INCIPIT THVESTA VARII. Lucius Varius cognomento Rufus Thyesten tragoediam (traged … cod.) magna cura absolutam (absoluto cod.) post Actiacam uictoriam Augusti (aug … cod.) ludis eius in scaena edidit, pro qua fabula sestertium deciens accepit. Then he changed his mind: he proceeded with a list of the notae employed by Probus and Aristarchus, and the masterpiece of Roman tragedy has rejoined its author in the shades.


KTRU will broadcast at most three or four athletic events per week for the next two years, Vice President for Student Affairs Zenaido Camacho decided Wednesday. Camacho accepted most of the KTRU advisory committee 's recommendat ions from a Nov. 17 meeting, when committee members reached a consensus about how many athletic events should be aired per week on the station. / Th ree events will be played per week during all months except February and March, when four events will be played. The committee also recommended that any Western Athletic Conference semifinals and final postseason events, preseason and postseason National InvitationalTournament events and any NCAA tournaments that Rice participates in be aired, as well as College World Series games for baseball. These tournament games will be broadcast in addition to the regular three or four games per week. Last year, KTRU aired 13 women's basketball games and 18 baseball games. Camacho's only revision to the proposed agreement from the committee was to change the length of the agreement from five years to two years. See KTRU, Page 11


To the Editor:— In a communication toThe Journalof Dec. 20, 1941, Col. J. E. Ash, curator of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C., refers to my stethoscopic records of heart sounds, murmurs and arrhythmias and states that there are "on file at the Army Medical Museum records... prepared... in 1939." Quite a number of men in this and other countries have made recordings of heart sounds, and from the standpoint of priority no claim is made. An article in theAmerican Journal of the Medical Sciencesof November 1941 clearly sets forth this point of view. The only claims that I make for this series of records are (1) their "high fidelity," (2) completeness, (3) a short explanation of what is to be heard before the illustration, (4) availability to any one at a reasonable price, (5) satisfactory reproduction even with a cheap radio-phonograph in a living


Mitochondrial copy number is known to vary among humans and across tissues, and a population-based study of mitochondrial genome copy number (MT-CN) in blood - as estimated from genome sequencing data - observed strong (~54%) heritability. However, the genetic causes and phenotypic consequences of MT-CN variation in humans are not well-studied. Here, we studied MT-CN variation in blood-derived DNA from 19,184 Finnish individuals with deep cardiometabolic trait measurements using a combination of whole genome (N = 4,163) and exome sequencing (N = 19,034) data as well as imputed array genotypes (N = 17,718). We confirmed that MT-CN in blood is highly heritable (31% by GREML). We identified two loci in the nuclear genome that are significantly associated with MT-CN variation: a common variant at the MYB-HBS1L locus (P = 1.6x10-8), which has previously been associated with numerous hematological parameters; and a burden of rare variants in the TMB1M1 gene (P = 3.0x10-8), which has been reported to protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in model organisms. We also found that MT-CN is strongly associated with insulin levels (P = 2.0x10-21), fat mass (P = 4.5x10-16), and other related traits. Using a Mendelian randomization framework, we constructed a genetic instrument for MT-CN using penalized regression with adjustment for potentially confounding covariates and found a significant association with insulin levels, which suggests that our MT-CN measurement in blood may be causally related to metabolic syndrome. Finally, we computed our genetic instrument in UK Biobank participants and tested it against a set of cell count and cardiometabolic traits. We found significant associations between MT-CN and both neutrophil and platelet counts (P = 1.8x10-8 and P = 1.2x10-3). While the association between MT-CN and metabolic syndrome traits was replicated in the UK Biobank, adjusting for cell counts largely eliminated these signals, suggesting that MT-CN is actually a proxy measurement for neutrophil and platelet counts in its effect on metabolic syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest that measurements of MT-CN in blood-derived DNA may primarily reflect differences in cell-type composition, and that these differences may be causally linked to insulin and related traits.


In the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry, batch drying processes are common-place. One type of dryer frequently used is the batch fluid bed dryer as it is efficient with respect to drying time, but is also gentle on the product being dried. Often fluid bed drying operations involve the removal of solvent from the solid in the dryer. Since there is a flammable vapour present and as the nature of the fluid bed dryer is to produce flammable dust clouds in the drying chamber, there is a potential for explosion. Indeed, explosions in fluid bed dryers have occurred historically and because of this, it is usual to see the dryer provided with explosion protection. The exhaust system, however, is not typically protected either because it is assumed that the high air flows will render the solvent concentration below the lower flammable limit (LFL), or that the risk of ignition is low. This paper presents an incident in a fluid bed dryer exhaust system and the work carried out as a result to understand the flammable concentration 'profiles' in the exhaust. It will discuss the inadequacies of commercially available industrial LFL measuring devices for measuring transient concentrations of vapour, resulting in the development of a custom FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) measurement device. Data from this device will be presented and the implications for drying processes are discussed.


Vehicle logo acquisition or recognition has been a popular study field in intelligent traffic system for the latest decade. In this paper, a vehicle logo recognition method based on CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is introduced. In the experiment, two classification methods with different feature extraction methods were applied. However, these two classification methods were utilized the same SVM classifier in classification procedure. The experiment uses input images with height of 140 pixels and width of 100 pixels. The samples include 26 classes, which are derived from 16 different vehicle brands. The comparative experiment results indicate the CNN performs better in recognizing vehicle logos; the average accuracy rate of 26 classes achieves 99.23%, which is 8.61% higher than the other approach based on SIFT, whose accuracy rate is 90.62%.


Introduction : Trochanteric fractures occur in the younger population due to high velocity trauma, whereas in the elderly population it is most often due to trivial trauma. In United States 49% of hip fractures are inter trochanteric. The most commonly used device for fixation is the Dynamic Hip Screw with Side Plate assemblies. We aimed to compare outcome of dynamic hip screw fixation versus helical hip screw system in intertrochanteric fracture Material methods : this was a prospective study conducted at P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and M R C, Mumbai. 25 patients with comparable characteristics in each the DHS group and the spiral blade plate group were selected for the study randomizing them into the 2 groups for comparison. Radiological outcome on the basis of union, complications with respect to implant cut-out and malalignment and Functional outcome on the basis of Harris Hip Score were recorded. Results: The mean time taken for surgery in the DHS group (in mins) mean was 57.44(SD+9.305), and in the DHHS group mean was 48.44(SD+ 6.740) (p 0.00014). There was no significant statistical difference (p=0.399) in The mean time taken for union(in weeks) There was no failure or complication in both groups. Conclusion: Although the mean operative time was almost 10 mins more in the DHS group, there is no statistically significant difference in the out come between the DHS group and DHHS group.


(1) Scientists deal with very serious issues. Scientists gain knowledge about things such as the laws of nature and the nature of human beings. A commentator remarked that one essential task of scientific knowledge is "putting the universe into words" (Callon 1995: 35). Scientific knowledge can also be of great seriousness when it is applied, e.g. in industry, in the military, or in politics. A good example for the latter is provided by the recent British beef scare where experts with different opinions influenced the policies of different countries. Moreover, science itself is a serious business. Scientists compete with each other about things as serious as money, power and fame. Doing science is about winning (or losing) grants, political influence, and prestige (see Barnes 1985; Callon 1995).


Background: Ras signalling is frequently aberrant in pancreatic cancer so that there is constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT/protein kinase B pathway, as well as the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Aims: In the present study we investigated the role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in malignant transformation of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: A genetic approach was used to interfere with signal transduction in vitro and in vivo. RASN17, a dominant negative mutant of RAS, was applied to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway upstream of PI3K. The regulatory p85β subunit of PI3K and the negative regulator PTEN were utilised to inhibit the pathway at the level of PI3K, and AAA-AKT, a dominant negative mutant of AKT was employed to interfere with PI3K/AKT signalling at the level of AKT. Results: Antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and anticancer effects were documented, showing that inhibition of the PI3K pathway in these cell lines suppresses tumour cell growth in vitro and reduces growth in nude mice. Conclusions: The PI3K/AKT pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer, and gene therapy may be one approach to produce selective inhibition.


Dalit writing in Tamil Nadu is considered young compared with the other regions in India. Recent studies reveal, however, that Dalit consciousness and sensibility in Tamil Nadu predated Ambedkar's struggle against caste oppression in Maharashtra. Well ahead of his time, Dalit intellectuals in Tamil Nadu in the later nineteenth century preceded Ambedkar's disillusionment with Hinduism and subsequent conversion to Buddhism. In the early decades of the twentieth century, a group of intellectuals (identifying themselves as Panchamars) from Tamil Dalit communities were working toward the emancipation of their fellow citizens. Predominant among them was Iyothee Thass Pandithar who was instrumental in spreading a distinct Dalit sensibility and consciousness. It is generally observed that Tamil Dalit writing which was conspicuous during the period of Iyothee Thass Pandithar in the early years of the twentieth century failed to sustain its drive in the middle years. The dormancy in Tamil Dalit writing is attributed to the alignment of Tamil Dalits with the various political and social movements between the 1930s and 1970s until they regained a distinct voice in the closing decades of the twentieth century. While there has been considerable research on the writings of Iyothee Thass Pandithar, Tamil Dalit writings after his period have received less attention. This paper discusses the writings of Tamil Dalits in the middle years of the twentieth century (when it was considered to be dormant) and analyses the reasons for the emergence of a distinct Tamil Dalit political and literary movement in the last decades of the twentieth century.


A first introduction to welding mechanics is given, based at this stage on uncoupled analytical solutions for thermal and thermomechanical behaviour. Rosenthal's well-known quasi-static solution for the temperature field caused by a fast-moving, concentrated heat source is used to demonstrate the influence of different material properties and welding process conditions on the temperature fields. An approximate thermo-mechanical solution due to Okerblom is used to demonstrate the roles of the thermal dilatation of the material being welded and the heat input on welding deformations. This solution is also used to illustrate the development of residual stress fields and the potential for buckling.


The DMSO solution copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride can be adequately described by the terminal-unit copolymerization model. The sequence distribution measured by 13C-NMR is in excellent agreement with the theoretically calculated diad, triad, and pentad distributions. The variation of glass transition temperatures with copolymer composition is explained by sequence distribution.


. This study aimed to assess the respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stewardship, empowerment, empathy, discipleship, and solidarity. It provides a concrete discussion as to how the learning institution in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, was able to affect their students and how they internalised these core values. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The respondents comprised 61% male and 39% female students from the junior high, senior high, and college departments. Statistical data analysis technique was used. Results significantly revealed that the student's knowledge, attitude, and practice in the core values under investigation are highly evident. This means that the learning institution was effective and efficient in conducting activities that integrated these core values so that the students could internalise and practice them through their thoughts, feelings, and actions. The findings suggest that programs and activities must be crafted in the future to ensure that the core values are still effectively integrated for their continuous realisation.


In previous papers by the author (Dilworth [1, 2])(2) methods were developed for studying the arithmetical properties of Birkhoff lattices, that is, the properties of irreducibles and decompositions into irreducibles. These methods, however, required the assumption of both the ascending and descending chain conditions. In this paper we give a new technique which is applicable in general and which under the assumption of merely the ascending chain condition gives results quite as good as those of the previous work. Now the descending chain condition is equivalent to the requirement that every ideal(3) be principal. Hence if the descending chain condition does not hold we find it convenient to relate the arithmetical properties of the lattice to the structure of its lattice of ideals. Furthermore since the Birkhoff condition itself may lose much of its force if the descending chain condition does not hold, a lattice is defined to be a Birkhoff lattice if every element satisfies the Birkhoff condition(4) in the lattice of ideals. Hence if the descending chain condition holds, this definition reduces to that used in the previous papers. In the lattice of ideals, the existence of sufficient covering ideals to make the Birkhoff conditions effective can be proved.


A closure device has a cylinder core turnable in a housing and a key insertable into a key channel in the core. A ball provided in a circumferential groove in the inner wall of the housing cooperates with an edge portion of the key. A pin is arranged in the same plane and 180 DEG away from the ball.


Band selection is an important preprocessing step for hyperspectral data processing. It involves two crucial problems, i.e., suitable measure criterion and effective search strategy. Mutual information (MI) has been widely used as the measure criterion for its nonlinear and nonparametric characteristics. For efficient calculation, traditional MI-based criteria commonly use bivariate MI (BMI) to approximate the ideal MI-based criterion. However, these BMI-based criteria may miss the bands having discriminative information and do not give the condition of the approximation. In this paper, a novel criterion based on trivariate MI (TMI) is proposed to measure the redundancy for classification. From the multivariate MI perspective, the proposed TMI-based and traditional BMI-based criteria are proved as the low-order approximations of the ideal criterion under some assumptions. Compared with the BMI-based criteria, a more relaxed assumption condition is required for the TMI-based criterion. To alleviate the problem of few labeled samples existing in hyperspectral images, the TMI-based criterion is extended to the semisupervised TMI-based (STMI) method by adding a graph regulation term. Additionally, to search an appropriate band subset by the TMI- and STMI-based criteria, a new clonal selection algorithm (CSA) is proposed. In CSA, integer encoding and adaptive operators are devised to reduce space and time cost. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for hyperspectral band selection.


The purpose of this study is to formulate legal drafting a model policy formulation Regional Regulation based Green Legislation in order to develop the practices of good governance in the region through strengthening the role of the executive (such as the leading sector of legal department Sector, BLH, Central Java Regional Environment and Parliament through strategies, mechanisms, and empowerment potential, and improving procedures for preparing regulations for environment conservation attention. This study is a juridical non-doctrinal, with a qualitative approach. The method will be used through the stages of: mapping the existing condition into the formulation of legal drafting which has been used, mapping of potential executive (leading sector) and the Parliament, to evaluate regulations that have been generated during this (Year I), identify and evaluate the constraints faced in the policy formulation stage, identify opportunities and strategies and formulate a model formulation that can be developed (Year II), prepare guidelines and standard operating procedures, provide training, mentoring and monitoring for the executive (leading sector) and Parliament (Year III) The emphasis in the context of formulation of legal drafting by the Government to produce a green-based regulation legislation.Keywords: formulation, legal drafting regulations, good governance


The Lithuanian classic Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas' literary history, Naujoji lietuvių literatūra (The New Lithuanian Literature; Volume 1 published 1936; Volume 2, 2009) was the first conceptual, academic history of Lithuanian literature. In this metanarrative account, Mykolaitis-Putinas sought to methodologically describe different authors in terms of each one's national and aesthetic consciousness. This national historiographic narrative was made possible by the grand national narrative that shaped the Lithuanian literary canon: the development of a national Lithuanian literature and the identification of its most important texts, genres, directions, and authors. Naturally, this grand narrative dictated Mykolaitis-Putinas' writing methodology, as though the author were hostage to the cultural-historical school of positivism, forced to provide cultural contexts, present dry writers' biographies, and look for causal connections. His categorization of literary historical content was determined by the quest for a national program characteristic of Romantic literary history – idealized subjects, rather than literary facts. On the other hand, anti-positivist aesthetics (drawn from Wilhelm Dilthey, Benedetto Croce, Maurice de Munnynck, Oscar Walzer, and others) also had considerable influence on his interpretation of the works. Although Mykolaitis-Putinas sought to assess the texts historically, from the perspective of the time he was examining, his own aesthetic views led him to have a critical relationship with literary history as a whole. Each author was critiqued – in terms of content, but even more so in terms of form.The literary history under discussion is a synthesis of two historiographic models: following Romanticism's model of literary history, it tracesthe nation's spiritual develoment; following historicist positivism, it seeks to understand different periods, the development of genres and directions, and explores causal connections and cultural contexts. This interpretive model presupposed an aesthetic understanding and the search for a "selfcontained literature". Mykolaitis-Putinas' history is a biographical-psychological, aesthetic, and – most importantly – a critical analysis of Lithuanian literature.


Although NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and cryptocurrencies are active on the same market, their prices are not so closely related over time. The objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the two types of assets (NFTs and the cryptocurrencies Ethereum, Crypto Coin, and Bitcoin), using data for the period between September 2020 until February 2022. The conclusions of the study are useful for cryptocurrency and NFT issuers, but also for investors on the financial market who are reconfiguring their portfolios with increasing frequency, and use these new assets for speculative or hedging purposes based on blockchain technology. The results highlighted relationships between NFTs and Ethereum, between Ethereum and Crypto Coin, and between Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum being a bridge between all four. Therefore, NFTs present a relationship with Ethereum, the NFTs price had a causal effect on the price of Ethereum.


For nearly half a century, the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs ("OFCCP") has forced the vast majority of banks, thrifts, and credit unions to comply with a set of costly employment laws known as the affirmative action regulations (41 C.F.R. part 60, generally). Specifically, OFCCP maintains that holding deposit insurance with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") or National Credit Union Administration ("NCUA") triggers the obligation to comply with these regulations. Yet, as this Article demonstrates, OFCCP's position is flawed. As such, this Article shows how the Agency's fallacious position has cost depository institutions nearly $6 billion since the early 1970s. The affirmative action regulations regulate only to holders of federal procurement contracts for specific goods and services. This Article argues that FDIC and NCUA deposit insurance is not such a federal contract for four discrete reasons: 1) the arrangement between FDIC or NCUA and their member institutions sounds in quasi-contrast, not in contract; 2) the federal government is not a party to the arrangement since neither the FDIC nor the NCUA is part of the federal government; 3) FDIC and NCUA deposit insurance is more akin to financial assistance than the other services OFCCP traditionally regulate; and, 4) the affirmative action regulations do not apply when the federal government is not procuring goods and services. Worse yet, OFCCP's position with respect to depository institutions eschews the proportional manner in which burdens associated with the affirmative action regulations are imposed upon non-financial institutions (i.e., the greater the profits realized in doing business with the federal government, the greater the burdens imposed). Rather, OFCCP's position applies indiscriminately to all FDIC and NCUA deposit-insured financial institutions, even those small community banks, thrifts, and credit unions that simply cannot shoulder the burdens. Finally, this Article analyzes why OFCCP's position is not saved by any deference the Agency may be owed to its interpretation of the laws it administers (i.e., Chevron deference) and/or its own regulations (i.e., Auer deference). In sum, this Article critiques OFCCP's position as atextual and disproportionately burdensome on depository institutions. It concludes that the Agency should reevaluate its position or, in the alternative, that a trade association representing depository institutions should mount a collective defense to challenge OFCCP's position.


Although significant improvements have been achieved in past years, river water quality in Chile is still poor in some places. In particular, the negative effect of pulp mil wastewater on river water quality has received significant attention. Studies indicate that th


The aim of this research was to determine the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the essential oil derived from Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. rhizomes against the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) adults. The essential oil of A. galanga obtained by hydrodistillation was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the essential oil were identified to be eucalyptol (22.63%), (1S)-(1)-β-pinene (14.36%), 1R-α-pinene (10.89%), α-terpineol (8.59%) and L(-)-borneol (8.41%) followed by (-)-camphor (4.21%) and camphene (4.14%). Eucalyptol, β-pinene, α-pinene, α-terpineol and borneol were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, and further identified by means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis. The essential oil of A. galanga rhizomes was found to possess strong contact toxicity against L. serricorne adults with LD50 value of 12.2 μg/adult, and also showed strong fumigant toxicity against L. serricorne adults with LC50 value of 3.5 mg/L. α-Terpineol and eucalyptol showed strong contact toxicity against L. serricorne (LD50 = 13.3 and 15.6 μg/adult, respectively) and fumigant toxicity against L. serricorne (LC50 = 2.8 and 5.2 mg/L air, respectively). Moreover, the essential oil and eucalyptol also exhibited the strong repellency against L. serricorne adults whereas borneol exhibited weaker repellency relative to the positive control, DEET. The study revealed that the bioactivity properties of the essential oil can be attributed to the synergistic effects of its diverse major and minor components. The results indicate that the essential oil of A. galanga and the isolated compounds have potential to be developed into natural insecticides or repellents in controlling insects in stored grains and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.


The time at which maternal recognition of pregnancy occurs in the rabbit has not been estab- lished. To determine the time in gestation when the conceptuses become essential for maintaining corpus luteum function, conceptuses were removed by either flushing the uterus on Days 5 and 6 postcoitum (pc) or by extrusion through incisions in the uterus on Days 10, 14, 18, and 26 Pc. Pseudopregnant does were similarly treated on Days 5, 6, 10, and 18 pc. Progesterone profiles were utilized to monitor corpus luteum function. Serum progesterone profiles of does whose concep- tuses were removed during the preimplantation period, on Days 5 and 6, or during the early postimplantation period, Day 10 pc, were identical to those of both intact and sham-operated pseudopregnant rabbits. However, conceptus removal on Days 14, 18, or 26 Pc resulted in a significant decrease in progesterone levels within 48 h after surgery. These data clearly demonstrate that maternal recognition of pregnancy occurs some time between Days 10 and 18 pc and that the conceptuses provide a continuous, or at least an episodic, signal to maintain continued corpus


The development of Blockchain technology presents an opportunity for the dematerialization of government processes, particularly in the field of public procurement. It has the characteristics of guaranteeing transparency, integrity, traceability and immutability of data. However, in the existing solutions, including web-based, there is a lack of standardization of data contracts and the confidentiality could be improved. This paper aims to study the combination of Blockchain technology and OCDS format to standardize public procurement data through smarts contracts. We propose a Blockchain-based system using Hyperledger Fabric by defining chain codes for every step of the public procurement process: planning, tendering, awarding and contracting, including implementation. Then, the proposed solution presents a mechanism to secure the process and guarantee the confidentiality of offers in Blockchain using secret shared keys and private data collection.


Preparing a large number of physical traces is an important first step in Side-Channel Analysis, especially in Deep-Learning based Side-Channel Analysis (DL-SCA). With sufficient training data and a proper modeling algorithm, the secret key of cryptographic devices can be successfully recovered with a small number of attacking data. However, in reality, it may be impossible or difficult, in some threat models, to collect sufficient data due to various resource constraints. In this case, the performance of DL-SCA will be severely decreased. In this work, we propose an easy-to-implement method to achieve an efficient DL-SCA with a small number of training data in the scenario of software-based cryptographic implementations. Our simultaneously multi-byte training method, which trains the model with side-channel leakage characteristics of different byte intermediate values, significantly enhances the robustness and performance of DL-SCA. The simulated experiment shows that our method achieves more robust profiling. The success rate of recovering a secret AES key can be improved by 250% with the same collected data. The results of attacking real-world COTS USIM cards are consistent with the ones of simulation-based counterparts. Compared with state-of-the-art data-augmentation techniques, our results show that the proposed method can achieve the same or even better performance without additional generated training data.


'Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? — fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?'


A systematic change of the substituents and side chain of the norneolignan hinokiresinol afforded a 10 fold improvement of the IC(50) value toward inhibition of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. The more potent compounds controlled the parasitemia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.


We compared the acute hemodynamic effects of captopril and nitrates in 11 patients with severe congestive heart failure and grade IV cardiac disability. Pressures were measured using a Swan-Ganz cathe


A simple and efficient protocol for one-pot three-component coupling of aldehyde, malononitrile, and resorcinol in water using magnetically recoverable Fe3O4 nanoparticles at room temperature is re...


The utility model relates to a mercury wind pressure switch which comprises a mercury switch (11), a wind tablet (2), a supporting arm (7), an outer housing (3), a lever (8) and a liner plate (9). The mercury wind pressure switch is characterized in that the mercury switch (11), the lever (8) and the liner plate (9) are positioned in the outer housing (3); the wind tablet (2) is positioned outside the outer housing (3) and is interconnected with the lever (8) through the supporting arm (7); one end of the liner plate (9) is interconnected with the lever (8); a foam plastic cushion (12) is adhered to the liner plate (9); the mercury switch (11) is fixed at the foam plastic cushion (12); the other end of the liner plate (9) is supported at a spring (5), and the two ends of the spring (5) are fixed at the inner bottom surface of the outer housing (3) and are interconnected with a lug plate (4) installed at the bottom part of the outer housing (3) by connection screws, and the lug plate (4) is interconnected with corresponding control circuits; the two ends of the lever (8) press against two corresponding mandrils (6) provided with outer screw threads; the mandril (6) is installed in a shaft housing (10) provided with inner screw threads; the shaft housing (10) is fixed at the housing wall of the outer housing (3). The mercury wind pressure switch has simple structure and good and adjustable sensitivity.


The thermolysis of the N-imides (14, 15) of 6-ethynyl-1-methyl-1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridines (11) resulted in [2, 3]-sigmatropic rearrangement with either the triple bond or the double bond in the ring to give the dihydro-1, 2-diazonines (16) presumably via the allenic intermediates (19) and the tetrahydropyrazoles (17, 18). On the other hand, the N-ylides (26) of 11 gave the allenic compounds (27) and the Hofmann elimination products (28). Heating the N-oxides of 11 resulted in decomposition to give no characterizable products. The mechanisms, including stereochemistry, of these thermal reactions are discussed.


This article examines the role of submarines within the strategy of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1917 until 1941. It argues that the common characterisation of Japan's naval strategy as outdated and erroneous in light of the First World War undervalues the development of Japan's submarine fleet, which was critical to the development of the navy throughout the interwar period. Indeed, few scholarly works actually deal with this significant component in the Japanese Navy, leaving a legacy that is often under-contextualised and misunderstood.


Members of the myc family of proto-oncogenes are deregulated in a variety of human malignancies. Amplification of N-myc, L-myc and c-myc genes is found in several types of human cancer. Furthermore, chromosomal translocations involving c-myc and point mutations in the c-myc coding region frequently occur in Burkitt's lymphoma. Some insight into the function of Myc proteins has come from the identification of two motifs in their carboxyl termini that are also present in a number of transcription factors: the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and leucine zipper (Zip) motifs (Fig. 1). These motifs are required for sequence-specific DNA binding and protein dimerization. In addition, the amino terminus of Myc proteins includes a strong and highly conserved transactivation domain (Myc box 1), and a second conserved motif (Myc box 2) that appears to be involved in transcriptional repression [1]. Importantly, both Myc box 1 and Myc box 2 are required for cell transformation. These observations indicate that Myc proteins are transcription factors that exert their effect on cellular physiology by activation of some genes and suppression of others. The activity of c-myc is regulated at several levels. First, when quiescent cells are stimulated by growth factors, c-myc transcription is rapidly and transiently induced. In exponentially growing cells, c-myc mRNA and protein levels are invariant. However, they decline following the induction of differentiation. In addition to regulation at the level of transcription, both transactivation and DNA binding by c-Myc are highly regulated. The c-Myc transactivation domain is modulated in two different ways. Phosphorylation of residues Thr58 and


This paper briefly reviews recent progress in product imaging studies of photodissociation and bimolecularreaction dynamics.

The SO2 + hv SO(3Σ−) + O(3P2) channel in the ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide at photolysis wave lengths between 202 and 207 nm has been studied using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with time-of-flight product imaging. These imaging experiments allowed the determination of the vibrational populations of the SO(3Σ−) fragment at several wave lengths. A change in the vibrational populations occurs from a distribution where most of the population is inv = 0 for wave lengths shorter than 203.0 nm to one where the population is more evenly distributed for longer wavelength dissociation. The changes in the internal energy distribution are attributed to participation of two different predissociation mechanisms. Our data suggest that the predissociation mechanism below 203.0 nm involves an avoided crossing with the repulsive singlet state.1A1.

The O3(X 1A1) +hv 0(2p3PJ) + O2(X3Σg−) product channel in the UV photodissociation of ozone has been investigated at photolysis wave lengths of 226, 230, 233, 234, 240, and 266 nm. At 226, 230, 233, 234, and 240 nm, the yield of the O2 product in vibrational states greater than or equal to 26 was 11.8 ± 1.9%, 11.5 ± 1.2%, 8.2 ± 2.0, 4.7 ± 1.8, and 0.6 ± 0.1%, respectively.

Two-dimensional ion counting product imaging has also been used to determine the bond energy for the dissociation of jet-cooled O3 into O(1D) + O2(1Δ). The bond dissociation energy into O(1D) + O2(1Δ) was found to be 386.59 ± 0.04 kJ/mol. The standard heat of formation of O3 is calculated to be −144.31 ± 0.14 kJ/mol.

State-selective differential cross sections for rotationally in elastic scattering of NO (Ji = 0.5, 1.5, F1 Jf = 2.5–12.5, F1 and Jf=1.5–9.5, F2) from He and D2 measured by crossed molecular beam ion imaging are reported. The images typically exhibit a single broad rotational rain bow maximum that shifts from the forward to the back ward scattering direction with in creasing ΔJ. The angle of the rain bow maximum was lower at a given ΔJ for D2 than for He as a collision partner. At a collision energy of ∼500 cm−1, primarily the repulsive part of the potential surface is probed, which can be modeled with a 2-D hard ellipse potential. This model for rotationally in elastic scattering is shown to qualitatively match the experimental differential cross sections. A more advanced CEPAPES for NO + He does not give substantially better agreement with the experiment.


Behavioral maladjustment is the inadequate personality integration which makes m individual ineffectiveness in adjusting to the demands placed on him by his physical as well s social environment and by his own demands (Coleman, 1974). According to Shaffer (1936) when the relationship among the organism, the environment and the personality is not well established, it is termed as maladjustment. It is measured in terms of the relationship between a person's social status and the social roles (his actual behaviour) which he is prepared and willing to play. The greater the coincidence of status an roles, the better is the adjustment (1ewey and Humber, 1951).


This article seeks to rediscover the significance of the Judeo-Christian wisdom tradition for the present world. In order to uncover the physicality and sensuality widely missing from the Church today, the wisdom theology of the Old and New Testaments is examined and put into conversation with a feminist theological understanding of Wisdom. Relationship and love/eros are presented as gifts Wisdom offers through which to understand the world.


Three-arm star block copolymers have been synthesized from linear polystyrene (PS) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) building blocks. Through the use of an α-diene-ω-alkyne functionalized PCL, the PS-b-PCL stars have been synthesized via either forming the PS-b-PCL arms first with the hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) cycloaddition and their subsequent coupling to a triazide coupling agent through a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) (arm-first) or via forming the basic star structure first through the CuAAC of the coupling agent and the PCL, with the diblock stars achieved by the subsequent HDA cycloaddition with the PS (core-first). The use of the two consecutive reactions has facilitated high conversions and a good control over the multiple reaction sites. In both examples, the CuAAC proceeded to quantitative conversion whereas the HDA cycloaddition proceeded to 94% conversion in the arm-first approach and 81% in the core-first approach. © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.


Holistic interpretation compared to analytical interpretation in biblical hermeneutics In recent years there has been growing interest in a holistic approach to biblical hermeneutics. If this holistic approach leads us to a new, post-critical, macro-paradigmatic model, the concequences for hermeneutics - indeed for theology as a whole - should be examined. Mechanism and holism should be explained in terms of each other, to compare their possible advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the relevance of Christianity amid changing visions of reality is discussed.


There are many problems and conflicts, especially territorial conflicts, that quilombolas populations have to confront in order to conquer, demark and entitl...


The project is about prediction of five types of cancer namely Skin cancer, Lung cancer, Brain tumor, Cervical cancer and Thyroid cancer using deep learning algorithms. The objective of this project is to classify between the different types of cancer and detect its presence without the need of a number of consultations from different doctors. There are four main steps data sets collection, data augmentation, training the model and web application development. Here the data sets are collected and augmentation is done to improve the number of data sets. These data sets are given as input to training model. The model is trained using various deep learning algorithms like VGG16 and Resnet50. Then the model is tested using different data sets. Finally a web application is developed using React JS where an image is given as input and the type of cancer is displayed as output. We have carried out the analysis using different cancer and non cancer images. We have been instrumental in achieving good accuracy in output as compared to other existing systems.


1 Barbara Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination, Cambridge, 2003. 2 Women, Gender and Enlightenment, ed. Sarah Knott and Barbara Taylor, Palgrave, London, 2004; Virtue, Liberty and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400-1800, ed. Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, Dordrecht, 2007. 3 Bridget Hill, The First English Feminist: Reflections upon Marriage and other writings by Mary Astell, Gower, Aldershot, 1986; Ruth Perry, The Celebrated Mary Astell: an early English Feminist, Chicago, 1986.


Ethics help to define a business model that will thrive even in adversity. Strong ethical policies that go beyond upholding the law can add great value to a brand, whereas a failure to do the right thing can cause social, economic, and environmental damage that undermines a company's long-term prospects. Therefore, ethics should be embedded in business models, organizational strategy, and decision-making processes.  Once adopting an ethical approach, companies often find there are financial benefits from demonstrating high ethical standards. Big Data refers to extremely important techniques and tools to advance an organization and even society in finding hidden relationships within a large data set. Big data has transformed how we live, how we work and how we think. The strategic value of Big Data for business and government is unquestioned. The negative ethical issues associated with Big Data including privacy concerns, predictive profiling, and an increasing reliance on algorithmic decision–making is an active area of research. However, Big Data can play a positive role when incorporated in the decision-making process to support an individual's or an organization's ethical code.  This research describes a novel approach for incorporating ethical considerations in individual and enterprise decision-making scenarios.


A wheel bearing assembly driven by a universal joint is arranged to consist of two individual finish-assembled units having its components joined together so as to be easily disconnected and removable. The universal joint is formed with an outer joint member having an end face which is arranged with gear teeth engaging complementary gear teeth formed on the inner bearing ring of the wheel bearing assembly for torque transmission purposes whereby a construction having a shorter axial length may be achieved.


Two laboratory heats of low-Carbon low-alloy steels, one with boron and chromium additions and other with boron, chromium and molybdenum additions were made and cast into pencil ingots. These ingots were hot-rolled to 2 mm sheets suitable for press hardening application in an experimental rolling mill. A detailed study was made on the effect of various alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of these steels. A significantly higher hardness (~496 VHN), yield strength (~1137 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (~1673 MPa) with comparable elongation (~6%) could be achieved in the as rolled and water-quenched Mo-Cr-B steel in comparison to Cr-B steel under similar processing condition. Moreover, a reduction of critical cooling rate by10oC/s was observed in this steel to obtain fully martensitic structure. The combined addition of boron, chromium and molybdenum was found to be more effective than that of boron and chromium in enhancing the microstructure and mechanical properties of boron-added steels. Additionally, a few hot compression tests were carried out to simulate the press hardening process of these experimental steels. It was found that one of the press hardening process parameters, viz., prior strain had a greater impact on the transformation behaviour of Cr-B and Mo-Cr-B steels during cooling.


In this paper we anaiyse, from the comparative point of view, the features
of the budget policies practiced in Rio Grande do Sul and in Sao Paulo
during the First Republic (1889-1930) determining, as we compare these
two regional formations, the peculiarities of such policies in the ligth of
social environment and the political and economic context in wich they
developed. Regarding the budget policies as one of the forms of development
of a broaden economic policy, we must emphasize, relatively to Rio
Grande do Sul, the innovatory character of the adapted measures and the
important role assumed by such policy in the conveyance of a predetermined
project of society development by the "gaucho" government.


A comprehensive comparative evaluating approach,consisting of a set of statistical indicators and comparisons against in situ observations from four established meteorological sites in the upper Heihe River basin,was proposed in this study.Hourly WRF precipitation and 3 h GLDAS precipitation in the same 5 km resolution,the latter being interpolated,were evaluated in the period of 2004 2009.It was shown that both the WRF and GLDAS data had well captured the time and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation.WRF data were closer to observed precipitation in representing 1 mm and 8 mm precipitation in terms of annual rainy days and annual total amount.But WRF detected less 1~ 8 mm precipitation,larger peaks in spring,and fewer total rainy days.GLDAS precipitation had a higher correlation and less annual total amount to that observed,overestimated rainy days and the amount for 1 mm events and generally underestimated rainy days for 2 mm.GLDAS data also detected larger peaks in spring.It is necessary to take the characteristics of the two datasets into account when they are used for the model.Meanwhile,it is urgent to produce more accurate precipitation data to meet the demands from eco-hydrological studies in HRB.


Results are given for the variation in the depth-of-field with entrance pupil diameter for six subjects. The method was based on observation of a laser speckle pattern at 633 nm on the surface of a slowly rotating drum. Depth-of-field falls with pupil diameters up to ∼ 5 mm and then remains at an approximately constant value. The roles of diffraction, aberration, the Stiles-Crawford effect and of non-optical aspects of the visual system are discussed.


o the Editor: ince the first series by Daniels et al, there have been lmost no reports on the use of recombinant activated rotein C (rAPC; drotrecogin alfa; Xigris) in severe epsis after lung transplantation. Septic shock in this etting is very difficult to manage because it is almost nresponsive to conventional "aggressive" therapy. We report a 57-year-old man who developed septic shock n approximately Day 10 after bilateral sequential single-lung ransplant performed because of end-stage cystic fibrosis. oth intra-operative and immediate post-operative course ere relatively uneventful and he was successfully eaned from mechanical ventilation on post-operative PO) Day 2. During PO Day 5, the occurrence of hypoxmia, respiratory impairment and fever required a 2-day rial of non-invasive ventilation by use of a helmet system, ollowed by tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilaion due to diffuse dishomogeneous infiltrates on both rafts. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed extenive, patchy alveolar consolidation involving mainly dorsal nd basal regions of both lungs. In the following days, gas xchange as well as hemodynamic parameters deterioated further; diuretic-resistant oliguria and acidosis deeloped and norepinephrine infusion was initiated. gM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulins (Pentaglobin) ere added to broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-fungal herapy, and immunosuppression was withdrawn. Refractory hypoxemia was reverted only with high ulmonary end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), inhaled niric oxide, and repeated prone positioning (night hours). n PO Day 10, an increased dependence on high-dose notropes and norepinephrine, along with a very minor esponse to fluid loading, confirmed an "overt septic hock," very likely originating from respiratory infecion. Drotrecogin alfa was administered because of ersistent "unresponsive" circulatory failure associated ith worsening of fluid balance and renal function in ddition to deteriorating laboratory data. Toward Day 3 of infusion there was a progressive mprovement of hemodynamic parameters, which alowed for a reduction of fluids and vasopressors. Within a ew days after the infusion, indirect signs of systemic nflammation showed gradual improvement, as did renal unction and gas exchange; norepinephrine was no longer eing infused. Low-dose dobutamine was maintained until O Day 15. During the rest of the ICU course hemodyamics remained stable, pulmonary infiltrates gradually isappeared, and no infectious episodes were recorded. We moved the patient to pressure support ventilation n PO Day 17. He was definitively weaned on PO Day


In the Cultivating Diverse Talent in STEM project, funded by the National Science Foundation in the United States, new assessments were developed, field tested, used to identify students with exceptional talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and compared with existing methods (grade point average [GPA], letters of recommendation, self-statements). Students identified by both methods participated in an internship program in laboratories of scientists on the campus of an R1 university in the Southwest. Existing methods limited the diversity of students identified. Significant differences were found between students identified by the new methods (M2) and existing methods (M1) in GPA, ethnicity, and parent level of education. Ethnicity differences may be due to the ethnic makeup of the partner schools, but differences in GPA and parent level of education cannot be attributed to the location of schools. Although GPAs of M1 students were significantly higher (3.71) than those of M2 students (3.07) and M1 students came from higher income groups and schools in higher income areas, the M2 students scored higher on all the performance assessments of creative problem-solving and at similar levels on concept maps and mathematical problem-solving. Studies of the usefulness and psychometric properties of the new assessments are needed with different groups and in different contexts.


Applying a Siberian snake to obtain longitudinally polarized electron beam is discussed. Depolarization effects are analysed and spin matching conditions to decrease the depolarization are derived.


Following extensive, joint evaluation by the National Cancer Institute and the Bristol Laboratories Division of Bristol Myers Company, bleomycin has re cently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for widespread use. Originally isolated from Strepto myces verticillus by Umezawa in Japan,1'2 bleomycin is composed of sul fur-containing polypeptides that sepa rate by paper chromatography into two large fractions and 11 subfractions. Available evidence suggests that bleo mycin acts primarily by inhibiting DNA synthesis and, to a lesser extent, RNA and protein synthesis.


List of figures Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Paul Nash - the genius of the place 2. Seaside Surrealism - Nash in Swanage 3. The Comic Sublime - Eileen Agar at Ploumanac'h 4. The Road is wider - Penrose and Miller in the Balkans 5. 'Subjective Cameras' - Humphrey Jennings and Mass-Observation 6. Up North - Spender, Trevelyan and Brandt 7. Revenge on culture - the Surrealism of the Blitz 8. The street and the beach Bibliography Index


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age of laying hens on egg internal and external qualities. A total of 8,300 eggs were randomly collected from 15 grading & packaging (GP) centers, and 50 eggs per farm during April to May in 2015. Age of laying hens ranged from 18 to 65 weeks of age and they were classified into 5 age groups (18∼25, 26∼35, 36∼45, 46∼55, and 56∼65 weeks). Egg weight increased, but the Haugh unit decreased as the age of laying hens increased. Yolk color was higher in eggs laid from 25∼35 weeks of laying hens compared with that of 18∼25-weeks-old chickens. The incidence of dirty eggs was highest (P<0.05) in 18∼25 week group and remained constant after 26 weeks. Among eggshell defects, speckled and pimpled eggs increased as the age of laying hens increased. The incidence of calcium deposits and misshapen eggs was highest during 18∼25 weeks of age and remained constant after 26 weeks. The percentage of total eggshell cracks increased as the age of laying hens increased. Among eggshell cracks, starand hair-like cracks were frequently noted. The percentage of meat spot was higher than that of blood spot and their incidence was highest among the 56∼65 week group. Age of laying hens significantly increased egg weight, incidence of pimpled or speckled eggs, staror hair-like cracks, and meat spot. On the other hand, a significant negative interaction between age of laying hens and the Haugh unit was noted. In conclusion, our study revealed that the age of laying hens affected internal and external egg qualities. (


Affinity‐CIEF has been applied to characterize a recombinant product of the major birch pollen allergen Betula verrucosa isoform 1a (Bet v 1a) immuno‐chemically. For this purpose mAbs of the IgG‐type have been produced in‐lab from two murine hybridoma lines, specified as clones 2 and 5.1. Both IgG clones were characterized by SDS‐PAGE, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and CIEF. The purified IgG solutions had to be dialysed against 10 mmol/L phosphate (pH 7.4) to prevent IgG precipitation and to ensure appropriate CIEF separation. Both tested monoclonal IgGs (mIgGs) comprised four constituents covering pI ranges of 6.98–7.09 and 6.78–7.03 for clones 2 and 5.1 with major peaks at pI 7.09 and 7.03, respectively. When increasing amounts of Bet v 1a (pI 4.95) were incubated with 2.0 μmol/L mIgG, novel peaks were progressively induced in a pI range slightly more acidic than the focusing region of mIgGs. These peaks grew on the expense of original mIgG peaks. All pI values were calculated using two pI marker compounds with a repeatability of better than 0.03 units. New peaks represent complexes between Bet v 1a and mIgG either of 1:1 or of 2:1 binding stoichiometry. At a molar ratio of 2:1, saturation of both IgG paratopes with allergen (Ag) molecules was achieved as indicated by unbound Bet v 1a. The current CIEF approach addresses the proof of single epitope integrity in the course of immuno‐chemical characterization of Bet v 1a. Contrary to traditional immunoassays, affinity CIEF allows for a distinction and relative quantification of mAbs, Ag–antibody complexes and Ag variants coexisting in one sample.


We report a case of a tracheal tube exchanger container as a bronchial foreign body in a 75-year-old woman suffered multiple injuries. She needed tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for repeated operations and intensive care. On day 2, she showed hypoxia. A physician on duty exchanged the tracheal tube using a tracheal tube exchanger (TTE) with containers consisting of an upper and lower potion. After exchanging the tracheal tube, the upper container remained in right bronchus. From days 3 to 9, she underwent daily chest X-ray, and multiple physicians checked the chest X-ray images each time. However, no one noticed the residual upper container in the right bronchus. She was extubated on day 8. After transportation for skin graft, she expectorated the upper container spontaneously. As a preventive measure to avoid the occurrence of iatrogenic accidents, our hospital decided to sterilize the TTE without containers.


Let $\mathcal{H}_{n,d} := \mathbb{R}[x_1$,$\ldots$, $x_n]_d$ be the set of all the homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$, and let $\mathcal{H}_{n,d}^s := \mathcal{H}_{n,d}^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ be the subset of all the symmetric polynomials. For a semialgebraic subset of $A \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ and a vector subspace $\mathcal{H} \subset \mathcal{H}_{n,d}$, we define a PSD cone $\mathcal{P}(A$, $\mathcal{H})$ by $\mathcal{P}(A$, $\mathcal{H}) := \big\{f \in \mathcal{H}$ $\big|$ $f(a) \geq 0$ ($\forall a \in A$)$\big\}$. In this article, we study a family of extremal symmetric polynomials of $\mathcal{P}_{3,6} := \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^3$, $\mathcal{H}_{3,6})$ and that of $\mathcal{P}_{4,4} := \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^4$, $\mathcal{H}_{4,4})$. We also determine all the extremal polynomials of $\mathcal{P}_{3,5}^{s+} := \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}_+^3$, $\mathcal{H}_{3,5}^s)$ where $\mathbb{R}_+ := \big\{ x \in \mathbb{R}$, $x \geq 0 \big\}$. Some of them provide extremal polynomials of $\mathcal{P}_{3,10}$.


Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop in the world.Yet,its yield and quality are severely affected by fungal and insect pests.Among the insect pests of wheat,cereal aphids frequently cause significant damage.The species of aphids commonly infesting cereals in China are the grain aphids,Sitobion avenae,Sitobion graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi.They can substantially reduce cereal yield and quality because of their capacity for extremely rapid population growth.Moreover,injury by those cereal aphids is both direct,through injection of chemical substances in saliva and mechanical damage,as well as indirect,through the effect of honeydew and pathogenic fungi.In addition,they are all a vector of barley yellow dwarf virus.However,the three species of wheat aphids have different feeding sites and virus transmission ability.The objective of the study was to study the potential machanism of separation in ecologic niche and virus transmission ability by analysing the feeding behaviors of three species aphids.Their feeding behaviors on one wheat variety(ZhengMai 9023) were comparatively tested using electrical penetration graph(EPG) and an image analysis system.The EPG technique was used because it provides continuous information on feeding/probing events.The main results are shown as follows:(1) The xylem ingestion(waveform G) of R.padi occurred earliest(98.11±27.26min) among the three species of wheat aphids(P0.05),and both total duration of waveform G(94.37±22.42min) along with its average duration per probe(45.62±18.82)min were all significantly longer than those of S.avenae and S.graminum(P0.05).Total duration of salivation into sieve elements(waveform E1) and its duration per probe of S.avenae((33.23±6.17)min and(7.62±1.72)min,respectively) were all the longest among the three aphid species(P0.05).However,the total duration of phloem ingestion(waveform E2) of S.graminum(159.71±13.53)min and its duration per probe(84.32±16.85)min were significantly longer than those of the other two aphid species(P0.05).The results demonstrated that each of three aphid species has different feeding strategies.R.padi needs more water and inorganic salt than the other two species since it spends more time during xylem ingestion.S.avenae maybe increases food utilization by secreting more saliva,while S.graminum gains enough food by increasing phloem feeding time.(2) Waveform pd is related to a short intracellular puncture during the pathway,and it can be separated into three sub-patterns,pdⅠ,pdⅡ and pdⅢ.Sub-phases of pdⅡ were considered in connection with transmitting and obtaining the virus.The number of pd waveforms during 5h of EPG recording for S.avenae,S.graminum and R.padi were 44.73±4.52,51.97±7.82 and 32.99±4.22,respectively.The mean time per pdⅡ-2 and pdⅡ-3 waveform of S.graminum were the longest((2.27±0.14)sec and(2.36±0.12)sec,respectively) among the three species.Hence,the probability of virus transmission and acquisition of S.graminum was the highest,which may be the main reason why S.graminum is the strongest virus vector among these three aphid species.


Multi-class emission models aim at capturing the heterogenous nature of traffic flows. These models are helpful for improving the efficiency of the reduction of emissions. We develop a macroscopic emission model that takes into account the multi-class nature of traffic. This results in a integrated macroscopic multi-class traffic flow and emission model called the multi-class VT-Macro model. Model predictive control is adopted to reduce the total time spent and the total emissions. End point penalties are included in the objective function, taking into account the different distances to the destination of different vehicles. A case study based on a benchmark network is implemented. The simulation results show that better performance is obtained by using the multi-class VT-macro model and end point penalties.